[{"pmid": 32335336, "pmcid": "PMC7195345", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: Is it the newest spark in the TORCH?", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Muldoon, Kathleen M", "Fowler, Karen B", "Pesch, Megan H", "Schleiss, Mark R"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335336", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amid the rapidly evolving global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has already had profound effects on public health and medical infrastructure globally, many questions remain about its impact on child health. The unique needs of neonates and children, and their role in the spread of the virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) should be included in preparedness and response plans. Fetuses and newborn infants may be uniquely vulnerable to the damaging consequences of congenitally- or perinatally-acquired SARS-CoV-2 infection, but data are limited about outcomes of COVID-19 disease during pregnancy. Therefore, information on illnesses associated with other highly pathogenic coronaviruses (i.e., severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS]), as well as comparisons to common congenital infections, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), are warranted. Research regarding the potential routes of acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the prenatal and perinatal setting is of a high public health priority. Vaccines targeting women of reproductive age, and in particular pregnant patients, should be evaluated in clinical trials and should include the endpoints of neonatal infection and disease."}, {"pmid": 32352358, "title": "Being a rheumatologist and a patient with a rheumatic disease today: A perspective at the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Perricone, Carlo", "Gerli, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352358", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32129670, "pmcid": "PMC7140975", "title": "CT Imaging and Differential Diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Dai, Wei-Cai", "Zhang, Han-Wen", "Yu, Juan", "Xu, Hua-Jian", "Chen, Huan", "Luo, Si-Ping", "Zhang, Hong", "Liang, Li-Hong", "Wu, Xiao-Liu", "Lei, Yi", "Lin, Fan"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32129670", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the beginning of 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout China. This study explains the findings from lung computed tomography images of some patients with COVID-19 treated in this medical institution and discusses the difference between COVID-19 and other lung diseases."}, {"pmid": 32519768, "title": "Hyperpyrexia in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Suwanwongse, Kulachanya", "Shabarek, Nehad"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519768", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health emergency, in which its effective treatment and prevention remain obscured. Hyperpyrexia is an elevation of body temperature (BT) above 106.7 \u00b0F (41.5 \u00b0C) due to an abnormally increased hypothalamic thermo-regulatory set. The pathophysiology, impact, and outcomes of hyperpyrexia in COVID-19 patients have not yet been studied. Herein, we present clinical features and outcomes of six COVID-19 patients who had developed hyperpyrexia during hospitalization. All patients expired shortly after the onset of hyperpyrexia. Hyperpyrexia seems to adversely impact the outcomes and mortality in patients with COVID-19. The underlying mechanisms of developing hyperpyrexia in COVID-19 are mysterious. We propose it may be caused by SARS-CoV-2 related brain injury, exuberant immune response, and thrombus formation. More research is needed to verify our results. Understanding the association between hyperpyrexia and SARS-CoV-2 will help to elucidate the COVID-19 pathogenesis, which is mandatory for developing effective treatment strategies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32232551, "pmcid": "PMC7103910", "title": "COVID-19, rheumatic diseases and immunosuppressive drugs: an appeal for medication adherence.", "journal": "Rheumatol Int", "authors": ["Venerito, Vincenzo", "Lopalco, Giuseppe", "Iannone, Florenzo"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232551", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460632, "title": "Viral Infections in Burns.", "journal": "Surg Infect (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Kiley, John L", "Chung, Kevin K", "Blyth, Dana M"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460632", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Background:\n                     Viral infections after burns are less common than bacterial infections but usually occur in the more severely burned patients and have been associated with poor outcomes. \n                        Methods:\n                     Retrospective reviews and case series were examined to provide an overview of the management of viral infections in the burn patient. \n                        Results:\n                     The most common viral pathogens in these patients are the herpesviruses, which include herpes simplex, varicella zoster, cytomegalovirus, and human herpesvirus 6. Established viral infections that may complicate patient management include human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C, and, more recently, the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Herpesvirus infections can occur as primary or nosocomial pathogens but clinical manifestations most commonly are re-activation of latent viral infection. Because of the paucity of data in the burn population, much of the evidence for specific treatments is extrapolated from patients with severe immunosuppression or critical illness. Antiviral therapy is employed for the burn patient with herpesvirus infections. This is an area of active study, and further research is needed to better understand the risks, clinical manifestations, and attributable morbidity and mortality of viral infections. \n                        Conclusions:\n                     Major burn injury results in immunosuppression and viral infection in a small number of patients. Recognition and antiviral therapy are employed, but additional studies are necessary to improve outcomes in these patients."}, {"pmid": 32112966, "pmcid": "PMC7110436", "title": "2019-novel Coronavirus severe adult respiratory distress syndrome in two cases in Italy: An uncommon radiological presentation.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Albarello, Fabrizio", "Pianura, Elisa", "Di Stefano, Federica", "Cristofaro, Massimo", "Petrone, Ada", "Marchioni, Luisa", "Palazzolo, Claudia", "Schinina, Vincenzo", "Nicastri, Emanuele", "Petrosillo, Nicola", "Campioni, Paolo", "Eskild, Petersen", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Ippolito, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112966", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several recent case reports have described common early chest imaging findings of lung pathology caused by 2019 novel Coronavirus (SARS-COV2) which appear to be similar to those seen previously in SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infected patients. We present some remarkable imaging findings of the first two patients identified in Italy with COVID-19 infection travelling from Wuhan, China. The follow-up with chest X-Rays and CT scans was also included, showing a progressive adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Moderate to severe progression of the lung infiltrates, with increasing percentage of high-density infiltrates sustained by a bilateral and multi-segmental extension of lung opacities, were seen. During the follow-up, apart from pleural effusions, a tubular and enlarged appearance of pulmonary vessels with a sudden caliber reduction was seen, mainly found in the dichotomic tracts, where the center of a new insurgent pulmonary lesion was seen. It could be an early alert radiological sign to predict initial lung deterioration. Another uncommon element was the presence of mediastinal lymphadenopathy with short-axis oval nodes. Although only two patients have been studied, these findings are consistent with the radiological pattern described in literature. Finally, the pulmonary vessels enlargement in areas where new lung infiltrates develop in the follow-up CT scan, could describe an early predictor radiological sign of lung impairment."}, {"pmid": 32380008, "pmcid": "PMC7198148", "title": "Resumption of daily services in a gastroenterology department in Guangzhou, China, in the wake of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Han, Jing", "Zhu, Liguo", "Wang, Ying", "Zeng, Zhirong", "Zhang, Shenghong"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380008", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410763, "pmcid": "PMC7221401", "title": "Acute olfactory loss is specific for Covid-19 at the Emergency Department.", "journal": "Ann Emerg Med", "authors": ["Kai Chua, Andy Jian", "Yun Chan, Eunice Chee", "Loh, Jiashen", "Charn, Tze Choong"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410763", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501313, "pmcid": "PMC7252105", "title": "What's really 'Happning'? A forensic analysis of Android and iOS Happn dating apps.", "journal": "Comput Secur", "authors": ["Knox, Shawn", "Moghadam, Steven", "Patrick, Kenny", "Phan, Anh", "Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501313", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With today's world revolving around online interaction, dating applications (apps) are a prime example of how people are able to discover and converse with others that may share similar interests or lifestyles, including during the recent COVID-19 lockdowns. To connect the users, geolocation is often utilized. However, with each new app comes the possibility of criminal exploitation. For example, while apps with geolocation feature are intended for users to provide personal information that drive their search to meet someone, that same information can be used by hackers or forensic analysts to gain access to personal data, albeit for different purposes. This paper examines the Happn dating app (versions 9.6.2, 9.7, and 9.8 for iOS devices, and versions 3.0.22 and 24.18.0 for Android devices), which geographically works differently compared to most notable dating apps by providing users with profiles of other users that might have passed by them or in the general radius of their location. Encompassing both iOS and Android devices along with eight varying user profiles with diverse backgrounds, this study aims to explore the potential for a malicious actor to uncover the personal information of another user by identifying artifacts that may pertain to sensitive user data."}, {"pmid": 32443023, "pmcid": "PMC7273944", "title": "Risk Stratification and Personal Protective Equipment Use in Pediatric Endoscopy During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: A Single-center Protocol.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Say, Daphne S", "de Lorimier, Arthur", "Lammers, Cathleen R", "Natale, JoAnne", "Lakshminrusimha, Satyan", "Wiedeman, Jean", "Partridge, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443023", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is now a global pandemic. Human-to-human transmission has been documented to occur through respiratory secretions, feces, aerosols, and contaminated environmental surfaces. Pediatric patients present a unique challenge as they may have minimal symptoms and yet transmit disease. Endoscopists face risk for infection with viruses like SARS-CoV-2, as the aerosol generating nature of endoscopy diffuses respiratory disease that can be spread via an airborne and droplet route. We describe our center's methodology for pediatric patient risk stratification to facilitate responsible use of endoscopic resources during this crisis. We also describe our recommendations for use of personal protective equipment by endoscopists, with the goal of ensuring the safety of ourselves, our anesthesiology and endoscopy staff, and our patients."}, {"pmid": 32303504, "title": "PPE guidance for covid-19: be honest about resource shortages.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Sullivan, Eoin D"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303504", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530284, "title": "Decoding SARS-CoV-2 transmission, evolution and ramification on COVID-19 diagnosis, vaccine, and medicine.", "journal": "J Chem Inf Model", "authors": ["Wang, Rui", "Hozumi, Yuta", "Yin, Changchuan", "Wei, Guowei"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530284", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tremendous effort has been given to the development of diagnostic tests, preventive vaccines, and therapeutic medicines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Much of this development has been based on the reference genome collected on January 5, 2020. Based on the genotyping of 6156 genome samples collected up to April 24, 2020 (this will be updated during the revision!), we report that SARS-CoV-2 has had 4459 mutations which can be clustered into five subtypes. We introduce mutation ratio and mutation $h$-index to characterize the protein conservativeness and unveil that SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein, main protease, and endoribonuclease protein are relatively conservative, while SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, spike protein, and papain-like protease are relatively non-conservative. In particular, the nucleocapsid protein has more than half its codons changed in the past few months, signaling potential impacts on the ongoing development of COVID-19 diagnosis, vaccines, and drugs."}, {"pmid": 32235939, "title": "Share mobile and social-media data to curb COVID-19.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["McKendry, Rachel A", "Rees, Geraint", "Cox, Ingemar J", "Johnson, Anne", "Edelstein, Michael", "Eland, Andrew", "Stevens, Molly M", "Heymann, David"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235939", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362291, "pmcid": "PMC7225214", "title": "Calculating an institutional personal protective equipment (PPE) burn rate to project future usage patterns during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Raja, Sumanth", "Patolia, Harsh H", "Baffoe-Bonnie, Anthony W"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362291", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312714, "title": "COVID-19 More Frequent, Severe in Cancer Patients.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312714", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Using data from China, two studies suggest that people with cancer are more likely than the general population to contract COVID-19 and to develop more severe disease or die from it."}, {"pmid": 32490639, "title": "Response to letter to the editor: radiological approaches to COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Akcay, Muserref Sule"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490639", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a letter to response to \"letter to the editor\" about our review article entitled \"Radiological approaches to COVID-19 pneumonia\". Abstract is not required in this format."}, {"pmid": 32218301, "pmcid": "PMC7180491", "title": "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel (thio)semicarbazone-Based Benzimidazoles as Antiviral Agents against Human Respiratory Viruses.", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Francesconi, Valeria", "Cichero, Elena", "Schenone, Silvia", "Naesens, Lieve", "Tonelli, Michele"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218301", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory RNA viruses are responsible for recurrent acute respiratory illnesses that still represent a major medical need. Previously we developed a large variety of benzimidazole derivatives able to inhibit these viruses. Herein, two series of (thio)semicarbazone- and hydrazone-based benzimidazoles have been explored, by derivatizing 5-acetyl benzimidazoles previously reported by us, thereby evaluating the influence of the modification on the antiviral activity. Compounds 6, 8, 16 and 17, bearing the 5-(thio)semicarbazone and 5-hydrazone functionalities in combination with the 2-benzyl ring on the benzimidazole core structure, acted as dual inhibitors of influenza A virus and human coronavirus. For respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), activity is limited to the 5-thiosemicarbazone (25) and 5-hydrazone (22) compounds carrying the 2-[(benzotriazol-1/2-yl)methyl]benzimidazole scaffold. These molecules proved to be the most effective antiviral agents, able to reach the potency profile of the licensed drug ribavirin. The molecular docking analysis explained the SAR of these compounds around their binding mode to the target RSV F protein, revealing the key contacts for further assessment. The herein-investigated benzimidazole-based derivatives may represent valuable hit compounds, deserving subsequent structural improvements towards more efficient antiviral agents for the treatment of pathologies caused by these human respiratory viruses."}, {"pmid": 32510799, "title": "The Application Of Plasmapheresis For Covid-19 Patients.", "journal": "Ther Apher Dial", "authors": ["Turgutkaya, Atakan", "Yavasoglu, Irfan", "Bolaman, Zahit"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510799", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are known human and animal pathogens, but a novel type of coronavirus, designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) is defined by World Health Organisation(WHO).This novel type has created a pandemia throughout the world most notably causing death owing to pneumonia.Nowadays the entire world is searching the curative treatment but outcomes are discouraging for intensive care critical patients. In this article we'd like to highlight that plasmapheresis,although it' s an unproven strategy, could be a useful approach by the mechanism of alleviating the cytokine storm and decreasing the viral load. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32433859, "title": "Audio Interview: Capitalizing on Immune Responses to Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433859", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285862, "title": "From the handling of an outbreak by an unknown pathogen in Wuhan to the preparedness and response in the face of the emergence of Covid-19 in Mexico.", "journal": "Gac Med Mex", "authors": ["Lopez-Ortiz, Eduardo", "Lopez-Ortiz, Geovani", "Mendiola-Pastrana, Indira R", "Mazon-Ramirez, Juan J", "Diaz-Quinonez, Jose A"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285862", "countries": ["China", "Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the Chinese health authorities informed the international community, through the mechanisms established by the World Health Organization (WHO), of a pneumonia epidemic of unknown etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province. The first cases were reported early in that month and were linked to a history of having visited a market where food and live animals are sold. On January 7, 2020, isolation and identification of the culprit pathogen was achieved using next-generation sequencing, while the number of affected subjects continued to rise. The publication of full-genomes of the newly identified coronavirus (initially called 2019-nCoV, now called SARS-CoV2) in public and private databases, of standardized diagnostic protocols and of the clinical-epidemiological information generated will allow addressing the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), declared on January 30 by the WHO. With this document, we intend to contribute to the characterization of the pneumonia epidemic, now designated coronavirus disease (Covid-19) review the strengths Mexico has in the global health concert and invite health professionals to join the preparedness and response activities in the face of this emergency."}, {"pmid": 32422130, "pmcid": "PMC7228892", "title": "KEY HIGHLIGHTS of the Canadian Thoracic Society's Position Statement on the Optimization of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Bhutani, Mohit", "Hernandez, Paul", "Bourbeau, Jean", "Dechman, Gail", "Penz, Erika", "Aceron, Raymond", "Beauchamp, Marla", "Wald, Joshua", "Stickland, Michael", "Olsen, Sharla-Rae", "Goodridge, Donna"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422130", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234126, "title": "[An epidemiologic thinking on the diagnosis criteria of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tan, H Z"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234126", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The diagnosis of COVID-19 is based on the positive of etiological test. The current etiological test of COVID-19 cost long time, and have high false negative rate, may resulting delay the measures of disease treatment and prevention. We suggested that COVID-19 should be diagnosed as 3 types: suspected case, clinical diagnosed case, and definite diagnosed case."}, {"pmid": 32269177, "title": "Resource Allocation and Decision Making for Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Catheterization During the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A U.S. Multi-Institutional Perspective.", "journal": "J Invasive Cardiol", "authors": ["Morray, Brian H", "Gordon, Brent M", "Crystal, Matthew A", "Goldstein, Bryan H", "Qureshi, Athar M", "Torres, Alejandro J", "Epstein, Shilpi M", "Crittendon, Ivory", "Ing, Frank F", "Sathanandam, Shyam K"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269177", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has placed severe stress on healthcare systems around the world. There is limited information on current practices in pediatric cardiac catheterization laboratories in the United States (US). To describe current practice patterns and make recommendations regarding potential resource allocation for congenital cardiac catheterization during the COVID-19 pandemic. A web-based survey was distributed regarding case candidacy and catheterization laboratory preparedness. Centers were categorized based on the current degree of disease burden in that community (as of April 1, 2020). Data and consensus opinion were utilized to develop recommendations. Respondents belonged to 56 unique US centers, with 27 (48.2%) located in counties with a high number of COVID-19 cases. All centers have canceled elective procedures. There was relative uniformity (>88% agreement) among centers as to which procedures were considered elective. To date, only three centers have performed a catheterization on a confirmed COVID-19 positive patient. Centers located in areas with a higher number of COVID-9 cases have been more involved in a simulation of donning and doffing personal protective equipment (PPE) than low-prevalence centers (46.7% vs 10.3%, respectively; P<.001). Currently, only a small fraction of operators has been reassigned to provide clinical services outside their scope of practice. At this stage in the COVID-19 pandemic, pediatric/congenital catheterization laboratories have dramatically reduced case volumes. This document serves to define current patterns and provides guidance and recommendations on the preservation and repurposing of resources to help pediatric cardiac programs develop strategies for patient care during this unprecedented crisis."}, {"pmid": 32423283, "pmcid": "PMC7240308", "title": "Cadaveric Simulation of Endoscopic Endonasal Procedures: Analysis of Droplet Splatter Patterns During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Sharma, Dhruv", "Rubel, Kolin E", "Ye, Michael J", "Shipchandler, Taha Z", "Wu, Arthur W", "Higgins, Thomas S", "Burgin, Sarah J", "Ting, Jonathan Y", "Illing, Elisa A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423283", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The primary mode of viral transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is thought to occur through the spread of respiratory droplets. The objective of this study was to investigate droplet and splatter patterns resulting from common endoscopic endonasal procedures. Cadaver simulation series. Dedicated surgical laboratory. After instilling cadaver head specimens (n = 2) with fluorescein solution, endoscopic endonasal procedures were systematically performed to evaluate the quantity, size, and distance of droplets and splatter following each experimental condition. There were no observable fluorescein droplets or splatter noted in the measured surgical field in any direction after nasal endoscopy, septoplasty with microdebrider-assisted turbinoplasty, cold-steel functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), and all experimental conditions using an ultrasonic aspirator. Limited droplet spread was noted with microdebrider FESS (2 droplets, <1 mm in size, within 10 cm), drilling of the sphenoid rostrum with a diamond burr (8, <1 mm, 12 cm), and drilling of the frontal beak with a cutting burr (5, <1 mm, 9 cm); however, the use of concurrent suction while drilling resulted in no droplets or splatter. The control condition of external activation of the drill resulted in gross contamination (11, 2 cm, 13 cm). Our results indicate that there is very little droplet generation from routine rhinologic procedures. The droplet generation from drilling was mitigated with the use of concurrent suction. Extreme caution should be used to avoid activating powered instrumentation outside of the nasal cavity, which was found to cause droplet contamination."}, {"pmid": 32518832, "pmcid": "PMC7276249", "title": "Influence of population mobility on the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic: based on panel data from Hubei, China.", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Jiang, Junfeng", "Luo, Lisha"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518832", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China. The mass population mobility in China during the Spring Festival has been considered a driver to the transmission of COVID-19, but it still needs more empirical discussion. Based on the panel data from Hubei, China between January 6th and February 6th, 2020, a random effects model was used to estimate the impact of population mobility on the transmission of COVID-19. Stata version 12.0 was used, and p\u2009<\u20090.05 was considered statistically significant. The COVID-19 was more likely to be confirmed within 11-12\u2009days after people moved from Wuhan to 16 other prefecture-level cities in Hubei Province, which suggests a period of 11-12\u2009days from contact to being confirmed. The daily confirmed cases and daily increment in incidence in 16 prefecture-level cities show obvious declines 9-12\u2009days post adaptation of city lockdown at the local level. Population mobility is found to be a driver to the rapid transmission of COVID-19, and the lockdown intervention in local prefecture-level cities of Hubei Province has been an effective strategy to block the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32198146, "title": "Covid-19: control measures must be equitable and inclusive.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Berger, Zackary D", "Evans, Nicholas G", "Phelan, Alexandra L", "Silverman, Ross D"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198146", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226293, "pmcid": "PMC7098035", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak and psychiatric hospitals in China: managing challenges through mental health service reform.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Xiang, Yu-Tao", "Zhao, Yan-Jie", "Liu, Zi-Han", "Li, Xiao-Hong", "Zhao, Na", "Cheung, Teris", "Ng, Chee H"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226293", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, more than 300 Chinese patients with psychiatric disorders were diagnosed with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Possible reasons quoted in the report were the lack of caution regarding the COVID-19 outbreak in January and insufficient supplies of protective gear. We outlined major challenges for patients with psychiatric disorders and mental health professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak, and also discussed how to manage these challenges through further mental health service reform in China."}, {"pmid": 32328341, "pmcid": "PMC7176373", "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) Assessments and the Importance of Calculating the Probability of Illness.", "journal": "Med Sci Educ", "authors": ["Stovitz, Steven D"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328341", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318865, "pmcid": "PMC7171437", "title": "Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with COVID-19: Consequences of Viral Toxicities and Host Immune Response.", "journal": "Curr Cardiol Rep", "authors": ["Zhu, Han", "Rhee, June-Wha", "Cheng, Paul", "Waliany, Sarah", "Chang, Amy", "Witteles, Ronald M", "Maecker, Holden", "Davis, Mark M", "Nguyen, Patricia K", "Wu, Sean M"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318865", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. While cardiac injury has been demonstrated in critically ill COVID-19 patients, the mechanism of injury remains unclear. Here, we review our current knowledge of the biology of SARS-CoV-2 and the potential mechanisms of myocardial injury due to viral toxicities and host immune responses. A number of studies have reported an epidemiological association between history of cardiac disease and worsened outcome during COVID infection. Development of new onset myocardial injury during COVID-19 also increases mortality. While limited data exist, potential mechanisms of cardiac injury include direct viral entry through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and toxicity in host cells, hypoxia-related myocyte injury, and immune-mediated cytokine release syndrome. Potential treatments for reducing viral infection and excessive immune responses are also discussed. COVID patients with cardiac disease history or acquire new cardiac injury are at an increased risk for in-hospital morbidity and mortality. More studies are needed to address the mechanism of cardiotoxicity and the treatments that can minimize permanent damage to the cardiovascular system."}, {"pmid": 32453112, "title": "Telemedicine in Orthopaedic Surgery: Challenges and Opportunities.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Makhni, Melvin C", "Riew, Grant J", "Sumathipala, Marissa G"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453112", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Improvements in technology and a push toward value-based health care have poised the telemedicine industry for growth; however, despite the benefits of virtual care, widespread implementation had not occurred until the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Powerful barriers have hindered the widespread adoption of telemedicine, including lack of awareness, implementation costs, inefficiencies introduced, difficulty performing physical examinations, overall lack of perceived benefit of virtual care, negative financial implications, concern for medicolegal liability, and regulatory restrictions. Some of these challenges have been addressed with temporary state and federal mandates in response to the COVID-19 pandemic; however, continued investment in systems and technology as well as refinement of regulations around telemedicine are needed to sustain widespread adoption by patients and providers."}, {"pmid": 32247926, "pmcid": "PMC7129170", "title": "Clinical features of the first cases and a cluster of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Bolivia imported from Italy and Spain.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Escalera-Antezana, Juan Pablo", "Lizon-Ferrufino, Nicolas Freddy", "Maldonado-Alanoca, Americo", "Alarcon-De-la-Vega, Gricel", "Alvarado-Arnez, Lucia Elena", "Balderrama-Saavedra, Maria Alejandra", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247926", "countries": ["Germany", "Italy", "Bolivia, Plurinational State of", "Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March 2020, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) arrived in Bolivia. Here, we report the main clinical findings, and epidemiological features of the first series of cases, and a cluster, confirmed in Bolivia. For this observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study, information was obtained from the Hospitals and the Ministry of Health for the cases that were laboratory-diagnosed and related, during March 2020. rRT-PCR was used for the detection of the RNA of SARS-CoV-2 following the protocol Charit\u00e9, Berlin, Germany, from nasopharyngeal swabs. Among 152 suspected cases investigated, 12 (7.9%) were confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infected by rRT-PCR. The median age was 39 years (IQR 25-43), six of them male. Two cases proceed from Italy and three from Spain. Nine patients presented fever, and cough, five sore throat, and myalgia, among other symptoms. Only a 60 y-old woman with hypertension was hospitalized. None of the patients required ICU nor fatalities occurred in this group. This is the first report of surveillance of COVID-19 in Bolivia, with patients managed mainly with home isolation. Preparedness for a significant epidemic, as is going on in other countries, and the deployment of response plans for it, in the country is now taking place to mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the population."}, {"pmid": 32274964, "pmcid": "PMC7189411", "title": "A review on the cleavage priming of the spike protein on coronavirus by angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and furin.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Hasan, Anwarul", "Paray, Bilal Ahamad", "Hussain, Arif", "Qadir, Fikry Ali", "Attar, Farnoosh", "Aziz, Falah Mohammad", "Sharifi, Majid", "Derakhshankhah, Hossein", "Rasti, Behnam", "Mehrabi, Masoumeh", "Shahpasand, Koorosh", "Saboury, Ali Akbar", "Falahati, Mojtaba"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274964", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The widespread antigenic changes lead to the emergence of a new type of coronavirus (CoV) called as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 that is immunologically different from the previous circulating species. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) is one of the most important receptors on the cell membrane of the host cells (HCs) which its interaction with spike protein (SP) with a furin-cleavage site results in the SARS-CoV-2 invasion. Hence, in this review, we presented an overview on the interaction of ACE-2 and furin with SP. As several kinds of CoVs, from various genera, have at their S1/S2 binding site a preserved site, we further surveyed the role of furin cleavage site (FCS) on the life cycle of the CoV. Furthermore, we discussed that the small molecular inhibitors can limit the interaction of ACE-2 and furin with SP and can be used as potential therapeutic platforms to combat the spreading CoV epidemic. Finally, some ongoing challenges and future prospects for the development of potential drugs to promote targeting specific activities of the CoV were reviewed. In conclusion, this review may pave the way for providing useful information about different compounds involved in improving the effectiveness of CoV vaccine or drugs with minimum toxicity against human health.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32339394, "pmcid": "PMC7267353", "title": "Measuring weight with e-scales in clinical and research settings during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Krukowski, Rebecca A", "Ross, Kathryn M"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339394", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459293, "title": "Opening Hospitals to More Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic-Making It Safe and Making It Feel Safe.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Asch, David A"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459293", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255370, "title": "NYC Innocence Lost: Cardiology in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Narula, Nupoor", "Singh, Harsimran S"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255370", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517786, "title": "Revisiting hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for patients with chronic immunity-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases.", "journal": "Adv Rheumatol", "authors": ["Dos Reis Neto, Edgard Torres", "Kakehasi, Adriana Maria", "de Medeiros Pinheiro, Marcelo", "Ferreira, Gilda Aparecida", "Marques, Claudia Diniz Lopes", "da Mota, Licia Maria Henrique", "Dos Santos Paiva, Eduardo", "Pileggi, Gecilmara Cristina Salviato", "Sato, Emilia Inoue", "Reis, Ana Paula Monteiro Gomides", "Xavier, Ricardo Machado", "Provenza, Jose Roberto"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517786", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, also known as antimalarial drugs, are widely used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases and have recently become the focus of attention because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Rheumatologists have been using antimalarials to manage patients with chronic immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases for decades. It is an appropriate time to review their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms impact on disease activity and survival of systemic lupus erythematosus patient, including antiplatelet effect, metabolic and lipid benefits. We also discuss possible adverse effects, adding a practical and comprehensive approach to monitoring rheumatic patients during treatment with these drugs."}, {"pmid": 32198291, "pmcid": "PMC7164518", "title": "Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease provides a basis for design of improved alpha-ketoamide inhibitors.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Zhang, Linlin", "Lin, Daizong", "Sun, Xinyuanyuan", "Curth, Ute", "Drosten, Christian", "Sauerhering, Lucie", "Becker, Stephan", "Rox, Katharina", "Hilgenfeld, Rolf"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198291", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health emergency. An attractive drug target among coronaviruses is the main protease (Mpro, also called 3CLpro) because of its essential role in processing the polyproteins that are translated from the viral RNA. We report the x-ray structures of the unliganded SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and its complex with an \u03b1-ketoamide inhibitor. This was derived from a previously designed inhibitor but with the P3-P2 amide bond incorporated into a pyridone ring to enhance the half-life of the compound in plasma. On the basis of the unliganded structure, we developed the lead compound into a potent inhibitor of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro The pharmacokinetic characterization of the optimized inhibitor reveals a pronounced lung tropism and suitability for administration by the inhalative route."}, {"pmid": 32078810, "pmcid": "PMC7128282", "title": "Challenges of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["The Lancet Infectious Diseases"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32078810", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346531, "pmcid": "PMC7185905", "title": "Simple Economical Solution for Personal Protection Equipment (Face Mask/Shield) for Health Care Staff During COVID 19.", "journal": "Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Khan, Mubarak M", "Parab, Sapna R"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. It has taken a toll of lots of lives since its outbreak. Infection prevention at present is an appropriate control measure in addition to other measure like hand hygiene and personal protective equipment (PPE). In our country with a large population, supplying PPE to all the health care workers of all hospitals definitely is an economic burden. Hence we have come up with an economic and simple solution for face mask."}, {"pmid": 32399845, "pmcid": "PMC7217616", "title": "Are Patients Suffering from Severe Obesity Getting a Raw Deal During COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Bhasker, Aparna Govil", "Greve, Jan Willem"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399845", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518419, "title": "The Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib in COVID-19 with severe systemic hyperinflammation.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["La Rosee, F", "Bremer, H C", "Gehrke, I", "Kehr, A", "Hochhaus, A", "Birndt, S", "Fellhauer, M", "Henkes, M", "Kumle, B", "Russo, S G", "La Rosee, P"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518419", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A subgroup of patients with severe COVID-19 suffers from progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure. These patients present with progressive hyperinflammation governed by proinflammatory cytokines. An interdisciplinary COVID-19 work flow was established to detect patients with imminent or full blown hyperinflammation. Using a newly developed COVID-19 Inflammation Score (CIS), patients were prospectively stratified for targeted inhibition of cytokine signalling by the Janus Kinase 1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib (Rux). Patients were treated with efficacy/toxicity guided step up dosing up to 14 days. Retrospective analysis of CIS reduction and clinical outcome was performed. Out of 105 patients treated between March 30th and April 15th, 2020, 14 patients with a CIS \u2265 10 out of 16 points received Rux over a median of 9 days with a median cumulative dose of 135\u2009mg. A total of 12/14 patients achieved significant reduction of CIS by \u226525% on day 7 with sustained clinical improvement in 11/14 patients without short term red flag warnings of Rux-induced toxicity. Rux treatment for COVID-19 in patients with hyperinflammation is shown to be safe with signals of efficacy in this pilot case series for CRS-intervention to prevent or overcome multiorgan failure. A multicenter phase-II clinical trial has been initiated (NCT04338958)."}, {"pmid": 32398180, "title": "Tackling the mental health burden of frontline healthcare staff in the COVID-19 pandemic: China's experiences.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Yifang", "Zhou, Yuning", "Song, Yanzhuo", "Ren, Luyu", "Ng, Chee H", "Xiang, Yu-Tao", "Tang, Yanqing"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398180", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32477419, "pmcid": "PMC7233295", "title": "Psoriasis, biologic therapy, and the pandemic of the 21st century.", "journal": "Drugs Context", "authors": ["Nogueira, Miguel", "Vender, Ron", "Torres, Tiago"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32477419", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic known as coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has quickly spread worldwide, with a significant impact on lives all over the world. The complexity related to the new coronavirus and the clinical syndrome it causes is not yet fully understood. The impact of COVID-19 on patients with psoriasis under biologic agents is continuously being observed in this rapidly changing pandemic. A case-by-case evaluation must be made by dermatologists, and the final decision should be discussed and decided by both the patient and the specialist. Observations reveal that immunosuppressive therapy may have a role in the treatment of this virus, placing emphasis on the scenario of safety through maintenance of therapy with biologic agents, especially when there are no signs or symptoms related to the infection or contact with an infected patient."}, {"pmid": 32498207, "pmcid": "PMC7162772", "title": "Pollen likely seasonal factor in inhibiting flu-like epidemics. A Dutch study into the inverse relation between pollen counts, hay fever and flu-like incidence 2016-2019.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Hoogeveen, Martijn J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498207", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is uncertainty if current models for the Covid-19 pandemic should already take into account seasonality. That is because current environmental factors do not provide a powerful explanation of such seasonality, especially given climate differences between countries with moderate climates. It is hypothesized that one major factor is overlooked: pollen count. Pollen are documented to invoke strong immune responses and might create an environmental factor that makes it more difficult for flu-like viruses to survive outside a host. This Dutch study confirms that there is a (highly) significant inverse correlation between pollen count and weekly changes in medical flu consults, and that there is a highly significant inverse correlation between hay fever incidence, as measured by prescribed medication revenues, and weekly flu consults. This supports the idea that pollen are a direct or indirect factor in the seasonality of flu-like epidemics. If seasonality will be observed during the covid-19 spread as well, it is not unlikely that pollen play a role."}, {"pmid": 32422197, "pmcid": "PMC7228712", "title": "Who is most likely to be infected with SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jordan, Rachel E", "Adab, Peymane"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422197", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468607, "title": "The role of head and neck cancer advocacy organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Yan, Flora", "Rauscher, Erika", "Hollinger, Amanda", "Caputo, Mary Ann", "Ready, John", "Fakhry, Carole", "Nathan, Cherie-Ann O", "Leonardis, Chris", "Yearout, Danielle", "Tsue, Terance T", "Day, Terry A", "Moore, Michael G"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468607", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on many aspects of head and neck cancer (HNC) care. The uncertainty and stress resulting from these changes has led many patients and caregivers to turn to HNC advocacy groups for guidance and support. Here we outline some of the issues being faced by patients with HNC during the current crisis and provide examples of programs being developed by advocacy groups to address them. We also highlight the increased utilization of these organizations that has been observed as well as some of the challenges being faced by these not-for-profit groups as they work to serve the head and neck community."}, {"pmid": 32458021, "pmcid": "PMC7250539", "title": "Safety and Efficacy of Bedside Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in the COVID-19 Era: Initial Experience at a New York City Hospital.", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Vigiola Cruz, Mariana", "Bellorin, Omar", "Srivatana, Vesh", "Afaneh, Cheguevara"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458021", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) is common in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Unparalleled numbers of patients with AKI and shortage of dialysis machines and operative resources prompted consideration of expanded use of urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (PD) and evaluation of the safety and efficacy of bedside surgical placement of PD catheters. Bedside, open PD catheter insertions were performed in early April 2020, at a large academic center in New York City. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and AKI and ambulatory patients with chronic kidney disease and impending need for RRT were included. Detailed surgical technique is described. Fourteen catheters were placed at the bedside over 2\u00a0weeks, 11 in critically ill COVID-19 patients and three in ambulatory patients. Mean patient age was 61.9\u00a0years (43-83), and mean body mass index was 27.1 (20-37.6); four patients had prior abdominal surgery. All catheters were placed successfully without routine radiographic studies or intraoperative complications. One patient (7%) experienced primary nonfunction of the catheter requiring HD. One patient had limited intraperitoneal bleeding while anticoagulated, which was managed by mechanical compression of the abdominal wall and temporarily holding anticoagulation. All other catheters had an adequate function at 3-18\u00a0days of follow-up. Bedside placement of PD catheters is safe and effective in ICU and outpatient clinic settings. Our surgical protocols allowed for optimization of critical hospital resources, minimization of hazardous exposure to healthcare providers and a broader application of urgent-start PD in selected patients. Long-term follow-up is warranted."}, {"pmid": 32416535, "pmcid": "PMC7214292", "title": "Spillover of SARS-CoV-2 into novel wild hosts in North America: A conceptual model for perpetuation of the pathogen.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Franklin, Alan B", "Bevins, Sarah N"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416535", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is evidence that the current outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, is of animal origin. As with a number of zoonotic pathogens, there is a risk of spillover into novel hosts. Here, we propose a hypothesized conceptual model that illustrates the mechanism whereby the SARS-CoV-2 could spillover from infected humans to naive wildlife hosts in North America. This proposed model is premised on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from human feces through municipal waste water treatment plants into the natural aquatic environment where potential wildlife hosts become infected. We use the existing literature on human coronaviruses, including SARS CoV, to support the potential pathways and mechanisms in the conceptual model. Although we focus on North America, our conceptual model could apply to other parts of the globe as well."}, {"pmid": 32364119, "pmcid": "PMC7164900", "title": "Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases: a delayed pandemic?", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Serrano-Castro, P J", "Estivill-Torrus, G", "Cabezudo-Garcia, P", "Reyes-Bueno, J A", "Ciano Petersen, N", "Aguilar-Castillo, M J", "Suarez-Perez, J", "Jimenez-Hernandez, M D", "Moya-Molina, M A", "Oliver-Martos, B", "Arrabal-Gomez, C", "Rodriguez de Fonseca, F"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364119", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 was first detected in December 2019 in the Chinese city of Wuhan and has since spread across the world. At present, the virus has infected over 1.7 million people and caused over 100 000 deaths worldwide. Research is currently focused on understanding the acute infection and developing effective treatment strategies. In view of the magnitude of the epidemic, we conducted a speculative review of possible medium- and long-term neurological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with particular emphasis on neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases of neuroinflammatory origin, based on the available evidence on neurological symptoms of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. We systematically reviewed the available evidence about the pathogenic mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the immediate and lasting effects of the cytokine storm on the central nervous system, and the consequences of neuroinflammation for the central nervous system. SARS-CoV-2 is a neuroinvasive virus capable of triggering a cytokine storm, with persistent effects in specific populations. Although our hypothesis is highly speculative, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the onset and progression of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases of neuroinflammatory origin should be regarded as the potential cause of a delayed pandemic that may have a major public health impact in the medium to long term. Cognitive and neuropsychological function should be closely monitored in COVID-19 survivors."}, {"pmid": 32499129, "pmcid": "PMC7238989", "title": "Immunotherapies for COVID-19: Restoring the immunity could be the priority.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Allaouchiche, Bernard"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499129", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344450, "pmcid": "PMC7267486", "title": "Student engagement in a public health initiative in response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Villela, Edlaine Faria de Moura", "de Oliveira, Fabio Morato", "Leite, Sabrina Toffoli", "Bollela, Valdes Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344450", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282920, "pmcid": "PMC7184373", "title": "\"We're staying at home\". Association of self-perceptions of aging, personal and family resources and loneliness with psychological distress during the lock-down period of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci", "authors": ["Losada-Baltar, Andres", "Jimenez-Gonzalo, Lucia", "Gallego-Alberto, Laura", "Pedroso-Chaparro, Maria Del Sequeros", "Fernandes-Pires, Jose", "Marquez-Gonzalez, Maria"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282920", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Families are going through a very stressful time because of the COVID-19 outbreak, with age being a risk factor for this illness. Negative self-perceptions of aging, among other personal and relational variables may be associated with loneliness and distress caused by the pandemic crisis. Participants are 1310 Spanish people (age range: 18-88 years) during a lock-down period at home. In addition to specific questions about risk for COVID-19, self-perceptions of aging, family and personal resources, loneliness and psychological distress were measured. Hierarchical regression analyses were done for assessing the correlates of loneliness and psychological distress. The measured variables allow for an explanation of 48% and 33% of the variance of distress and loneliness, respectively. Being female, younger, having negative self-perceptions about aging, more time exposed to news about COVID-19, more contact with relatives different to those that co-reside, fewer positive emotions, less perceived self-efficacy, lower quality of sleep, higher expressed emotion and higher loneliness were associated with higher distress. Being female, younger, having negative self-perceptions about aging, more time exposed to news about COVID-19, lower contact with relatives, higher self-perception as a burden, fewer positive emotions, lower resources for entertaining oneself, lower quality of sleep and higher expressed emotion were associated with higher loneliness."}, {"pmid": 32502319, "title": "\"Not Wars, Water pumps\" - From emotive to rational language in managing the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Stedman, Mike", "Davies, Mark", "Heald, Adrian"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502319", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the date of writing this editorial, there is now agreement amongst experts that the first wave of the United Kingdom's (UK) COVID-19 pandemic is in decline (1). The number of deaths reported each day is now around 1% of the cumulative total and falling. In general, the approach to predicting pandemic policy has been through a comparison of inter-country performance in managing this crisis. While all countries are paying a high price in economic slowdown and lives lost, the health consequences in terms of cases and deaths have varied considerably. Countries with lower relative mortality and infection numbers have shown a more structured logical approach to pandemic management."}, {"pmid": 32472588, "title": "Increased sFLT1/PlGF ratio in COVID-19: a novel link to Angiotensin II-mediated endothelial dysfunction.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Giardini, Valentina", "Carrer, Andrea", "Casati, Marco", "Contro, Ernesto", "Vergani, Patrizia", "Gambacorti-Passerini, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472588", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307204, "pmcid": "PMC7195107", "title": "Intrapartum care of women with COVID-19: A practical approach.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Sichitiu, Joanna", "Desseauve, David"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510697, "title": "The future of conferences, today: Are virtual conferences a viable supplement to \"live\" conferences?", "journal": "EMBO Rep", "authors": ["Salomon, Dor", "Feldman, Mario F"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510697", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual conferences provide a much-needed alternative to cancelled meetings. Here are insights and lessons from organizing a virtual meeting."}, {"pmid": 32186711, "pmcid": "PMC7184445", "title": "Hypothesis: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may increase the risk of severe COVID-19.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Diaz, James H"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32186711", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397844, "pmcid": "PMC7256347", "title": "Using X-ray images and deep learning for automated detection of coronavirus disease.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["El Asnaoui, Khalid", "Chawki, Youness"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397844", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus is still the leading cause of death worldwide. There are a set number of COVID-19 test units accessible in emergency clinics because of the expanding cases daily. Therefore, it is important to implement an automatic detection and classification system as a speedy elective finding choice to forestall COVID-19 spreading among individuals. Medical images analysis is one of the most promising research areas, it provides facilities for diagnosis and making decisions of a number of diseases such as Coronavirus. This paper conducts a comparative study of the use of the recent deep learning models (VGG16, VGG19, DenseNet201, Inception_ResNet_V2, Inception_V3, Resnet50, and MobileNet_V2) to deal with detection and classification of coronavirus pneumonia. The experiments were conducted using chest X-ray & CT dataset of 6087 images (2780 images of bacterial pneumonia, 1493 of coronavirus, 231 of Covid19, and 1583 normal) and confusion matrices are used to evaluate model performances. Results found out that the use of inception_Resnet_V2 and Densnet201 provide better results compared to other models used in this work (92.18% accuracy for Inception-ResNetV2 and 88.09% accuracy for Densnet201).Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32520742, "title": "Telemedicine for Surgical Consultations-- Pandemic Response or Here to Stay?: A Report of Public Perceptions.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Sorensen, Meredith J", "Bessen, Sarah", "Danford, Julia", "Fleischer, Christina", "Wong, Sandra L"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520742", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to determine the public's perception of telemedicine surgical consultations, during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. With rapid expansion and uptake of telemedicine during the pandemic, many have posited that virtual visits will endure even as in-person visits are reinstated. The public's perception of telemedicine for an initial surgical consultation has not been previously studied. A 43-question survey assessed respondents' attitudes toward telemedicine for initial consultations with surgeons, both in the context of COVID-19 and during \"normal circumstances.\" Participants were recruited through Amazon Mechanical Turk, an online crowd-sourcing marketplace. Based on 1827 analyzable responses, we found that a majority (86%) of respondents reported being satisfied (either extremely or somewhat) with telemedicine encounters. Interestingly, preference for in-person versus virtual surgical consultation reflected access to care, with preference for telemedicine decreasing from 72% to 33% when COVID-related social distancing ends. Preferences for virtual visits decreased with increasing complexity of the surgical intervention, even during the pandemic. A majority felt that \"establishing trust and comfort\" was best accomplished in person, and the vast majority felt it was important to meet their surgeons prior to the day of surgery. The public views telemedicine as an acceptable substitute for in-person visits, especially during the pandemic. However, it appears that an in-person interaction is still preferred when possible for surgical consultations. If telemedicine services are to persist beyond social distancing, further exploration of its impact on the patient-surgeon relationship will be needed."}, {"pmid": 32529793, "title": "Simple barrier device to minimize facial exposure of endoscopists during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dig Endosc", "authors": ["Suzuki, Sho", "Kusano, Chika", "Ikehara, Hisatomo"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529793", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213152, "title": "Are there any Therapeutic Options Currently Available for Wuhan Coronavirus?", "journal": "Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem", "authors": ["Carradori, Simone"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213152", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198152, "title": "COVID-19 in gastroenterology: a clinical perspective.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Ong, John", "Young, Barnaby Edward", "Ong, Sharon"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198152", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32134861, "pmcid": "PMC7153464", "title": "The outbreak of COVID-19: An overview.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Wu, Yi-Chi", "Chen, Ching-Sung", "Chan, Yu-Jiun"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32134861", "countries": ["Thailand", "Korea, Republic of", "Philippines", "China", "Japan", "Viet Nam", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, a previous unidentified coronavirus, currently named as the 2019 novel coronavirus#, emerged from Wuhan, China, and resulted in a formidable outbreak in many cities in China and expanded globally, including Thailand, Republic of Korea, Japan, United States, Philippines, Viet Nam, and our country (as of 2/6/2020 at least 25 countries). The disease is officially named as Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19, by WHO on February 11, 2020). It is also named as Severe Pneumonia with Novel Pathogens on January 15, 2019 by the Taiwan CDC, the Ministry of Health and is a notifiable communicable disease of the fifth category. COVID-19 is a potential zoonotic disease with low to moderate (estimated 2%-5%) mortality rate. Person-to-person transmission may occur through droplet or contact transmission and if there is a lack of stringent infection control or if no proper personal protective equipment available, it may jeopardize the first-line healthcare workers. Currently, there is no definite treatment for COVID-19 although some drugs are under investigation. To promptly identify patients and prevent further spreading, physicians should be aware of the travel or contact history of the patient with compatible symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32366669, "title": "Multicenter Evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 Test.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Loeffelholz, Michael J", "Alland, David", "Butler-Wu, Susan M", "Pandey, Utsav", "Perno, Carlo Frederico", "Nava, Alice", "Carroll, Karen C", "Mostafa, Heba", "Davies, Emma", "McEwan, Ashley", "Rakeman, Jennifer L", "Fowler, Randal C", "Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel", "Fourati, Slim", "Banik, Sukalyani", "Banada, Padmapriya P", "Swaminathan, Shobha", "Chakravorty, Soumitesh", "Kwiatkowski, Robert W", "Chu, Victor C", "Kop, JoAnn", "Gaur, Rajiv", "Sin, Mandy L Y", "Nguyen, Duy", "Singh, Simranjit", "Zhang, Na", "Persing, David H"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366669", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are the primary means of identifying acute infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Accurate and fast test results may permit more efficient use of protective and isolation resources and allow for rapid therapeutic interventions.Methods. We evaluated the analytical and clinical performance characteristics of the Xpert\u00ae Xpress SARS-CoV-2 (Xpert) test, a rapid, automated molecular test for SARS-CoV-2. Analytical sensitivity and specificity/interference were assessed with infectious SARS-CoV-2, other infectious coronavirus species including SARS-CoV, and 85 nasopharyngeal swab specimens positive for other respiratory viruses including endemic human coronaviruses (hCoVs). Clinical performance was assessed using 483 remnant upper and lower respiratory specimens previously analyzed by standard of care (SOC) NAATs.Results. The limit of detection of the Xpert test was 0.01 plaque forming units (PFU)/mL. Other hCoVs, including Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus, were not detected by the Xpert test. SARS-CoV, a closely related species in the Sarbecovirus subgenus, was detected by a broad-range target (E) but was distinguished from SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2-specific N2 target). Compared to SOC NAATs, the positive agreement of the Xpert test was 219/220 (99.5%) and the negative agreement was 250/261 (95.8%). A third tie-breaker NAAT resolved all but three of the discordant results in favor the Xpert test.Conclusions. The Xpert test provided sensitive and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a variety of upper and lower respiratory tract specimens. The high sensitivity and fast time to results of approximately 45 minutes may impact patient management."}, {"pmid": 32517875, "title": "COVID-19 epidemic: Should ophthalmologists be aware of oculomotor paresis?", "journal": "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol", "authors": ["Pascual-Prieto, J", "Narvaez-Palazon, C", "Porta-Etessam, J", "Gomez-de-Liano, R"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517875", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223697, "title": "Response to Wen and Li, Anesthesia Procedure of Emergency Operation for Patients with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 (DOI: 10.1089/sur.2020.040).", "journal": "Surg Infect (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Trujillo, Alexander"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223697", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227250, "pmcid": "PMC7103891", "title": "ASPHER statement on the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak emergency.", "journal": "Int J Public Health", "authors": ["Middleton, John", "Martin-Moreno, Jose M", "Barros, Henrique", "Chambaud, Laurent", "Signorelli, Carlo"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227250", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296544, "pmcid": "PMC7147362", "title": "An emergent clade of SARS-CoV-2 linked to returned travellers from Iran.", "journal": "Virus Evol", "authors": ["Eden, John-Sebastian", "Rockett, Rebecca", "Carter, Ian", "Rahman, Hossinur", "de Ligt, Joep", "Hadfield, James", "Storey, Matthew", "Ren, Xiaoyun", "Tulloch, Rachel", "Basile, Kerri", "Wells, Jessica", "Byun, Roy", "Gilroy, Nicky", "O'Sullivan, Matthew V", "Sintchenko, Vitali", "Chen, Sharon C", "Maddocks, Susan", "Sorrell, Tania C", "Holmes, Edward C", "Dwyer, Dominic E", "Kok, Jen"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296544", "countries": ["Italy", "Korea, Republic of", "Australia", "China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has rapidly spread outside China with major outbreaks occurring in Italy, South Korea, and Iran. Phylogenetic analyses of whole-genome sequencing data identified a distinct SARS-CoV-2 clade linked to travellers returning from Iran to Australia and New Zealand. This study highlights potential viral diversity driving the epidemic in Iran, and underscores the power of rapid genome sequencing and public data sharing to improve the detection and management of emerging infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32282968, "pmcid": "PMC7262063", "title": "Preventing Suicide in Rural Communities During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Monteith, Lindsey L", "Holliday, Ryan", "Brown, Talia L", "Brenner, Lisa A", "Mohatt, Nathaniel V"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282968", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298981, "pmcid": "PMC7195120", "title": "Diabetes in COVID-19: Prevalence, pathophysiology, prognosis and practical considerations.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Gupta, Ritesh", "Ghosh, Amerta", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298981", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "High prevalence of diabetes makes it an important comorbidity in patients with COVID-19. We sought to review and analyze the data regarding the association between diabetes and COVID-19, pathophysiology of the disease in diabetes and management of patients with diabetes who develop COVID-19 infection. PubMed database and Google Scholar were searched using the key terms 'COVID-19', 'SARS-CoV-2', 'diabetes', 'antidiabetic therapy' up to April 2, 2020. Full texts of the retrieved articles were accessed. There is evidence of increased incidence and severity of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes. COVID-19 could have effect on the pathophysiology of diabetes. Blood glucose control is important not only for patients who are infected with COVID-19, but also for those without the disease. Innovations like telemedicine are useful to treat patients with diabetes in today's times."}, {"pmid": 32341141, "title": "Evaluation of Transport Media and Specimen Transport Conditions for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Using Real Time Reverse Transcription PCR.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Rogers, Amy A", "Baumann, Russell E", "Borillo, Gwynngelle A", "Kagan, Ron M", "Batterman, Hollis J", "Galdzicka, Marzena", "Marlowe, Elizabeth M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341141", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a worldwide shortage of viral transport media and raised questions about specimen stability. The objective of this study was to determine the stability of SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA in specimen transport media under various storage conditions. Transport medium tested included: VCM, UTM\u00ae-RT, ESwab\u2122, M4 and saline (0.9% NaCl). Specimen types tested included Nasopharyngeal/Oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swabs in the above transport media, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and Sputum. A high-titer SARS-CoV-2 remnant patient specimen was spiked into pooled SARS-CoV-2 RNA-negative specimen remnants for the various media types. Aliquots of samples were stored at 18\u00b0C to 25\u00b0C, 2\u00b0C to 8\u00b0C and -10\u00b0C to -30\u00b0C and then tested at time points up to 14 days. Specimens consistently yielded amplifiable RNA with mean Ct differences of <3 over the various conditions assayed, thus supporting the use and transport of alternative collection media and specimen types under a variety of temperature storage conditions."}, {"pmid": 32349897, "pmcid": "PMC7194974", "title": "Cardiovascular Consequences and Considerations of Coronavirus Infection - Perspectives for the Cardiothoracic Anesthesiologist and Intensivist During the Coronavirus Crisis.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349897", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227090, "pmcid": "PMC7184507", "title": "The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Res", "authors": ["Chen, Liang", "Li, Xiangjie", "Chen, Mingquan", "Feng, Yi", "Xiong, Chenglong"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227090", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new type of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks recently in China and spreads into many other countries. This disease, named as COVID-19, is similar to patients infected by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and nearly 20% of patients developed severe condition. Cardiac injury is a prevalent complication of severe patients, exacerbating the disease severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the key host cellular receptor of SARS-CoV-2, has been identified in multiple organs, but its cellular distribution in human heart is not illuminated clearly. This study performed the first state-of-art single cell atlas of adult human heart, and revealed that pericytes with high expression of ACE2 might act as the target cardiac cell of SARS-CoV-2. The pericytes injury due to virus infection may result in capillary endothelial cells dysfunction, inducing microvascular dysfunction. And patients with basic heart failure disease showed increased ACE2 expression at both mRNA and protein levels, meaning that if infected by the virus these patients may have higher risk of heart attack and critically ill condition. The finding of this study explains the high rate of severe cases among COVID-19 patients with basic cardiovascular disease; and these results also perhaps provide important reference to clinical treatment of cardiac injury among severe patients infected by SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32220989, "title": "Looking after yourself and others.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Allister, Rosie"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220989", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global Covid-19 outbreak is having a profound impact on everyone, including people in the veterinary profession. Public health and government advice for some to self isolate and for all of us to increase social distancing poses huge challenges for the industry and its people, as well as clients and patients. Here, Vetlife Helpline manager."}, {"pmid": 32311043, "pmcid": "PMC7188117", "title": "'COVID-19 Pandemic' Anxiety induced Tako-tsubo Cardiomyopathy.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Chadha, Sameer"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311043", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442756, "title": "Combination of four clinical indicators predicts the severe/critical symptom of patients infected COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Sun, Liping", "Song, Fengxiang", "Shi, Nannan", "Liu, Fengjun", "Li, Shenyang", "Li, Ping", "Zhang, Weihan", "Jiang, Xiao", "Zhang, Yongbin", "Sun, Lining", "Chen, Xiong", "Shi, Yuxin"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442756", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the death rate of COVID-19 is less than 3%, the fatality rate of severe/critical cases is high, according to World Health Organization (WHO). Thus, screening the severe/critical cases before symptom occurs effectively saves medical resources. In this study, all 336 cases of patients infected COVID-19 in Shanghai to March 12th, were retrospectively enrolled, and divided in to training and test datasets. In addition, 220 clinical and laboratory observations/records were also collected. Clinical indicators were associated with severe/critical symptoms were identified and a model for severe/critical symptom prediction was developed. Totally, 36 clinical indicators significantly associated with severe/critical symptom were identified. The clinical indicators are mainly thyroxine, immune related cells and products. Support Vector Machine (SVM) and optimized combination of age, GSH, CD3 ratio and total protein has a good performance in discriminating the mild and severe/critical cases. The area under receiving operating curve (AUROC) reached 0.9996 and 0.9757 in the training and testing dataset, respectively. When the using cut-off value as 0.0667, the recall rate was 93.33 % and 100 % in the training and testing datasets, separately. Cox multivariate regression and survival analyses revealed that the model significantly discriminated the severe/critical cases and used the information of the selected clinical indicators. The model was robust and effective in predicting the severe/critical COVID cases."}, {"pmid": 32371057, "pmcid": "PMC7181989", "title": "Potential Applications of Plant Biotechnology against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Trends Plant Sci", "authors": ["Capell, Teresa", "Twyman, Richard M", "Armario-Najera, Victoria", "Ma, Julian K-C", "Schillberg, Stefan", "Christou, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371057", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus responsible for an ongoing human pandemic (COVID-19). There is a massive international effort underway to develop diagnostic reagents, vaccines, and antiviral drugs in a bid to slow down the spread of the disease and save lives. One part of that international effort involves the research community working with plants, bringing researchers from all over the world together with commercial enterprises to achieve the rapid supply of protein antigens and antibodies for diagnostic kits, and scalable production systems for the emergency manufacturing of vaccines and antiviral drugs. Here, we look at some of the ways in which plants can and are being used in the fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32340645, "title": "The mental health of doctors during the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BJPsych Bull", "authors": ["Galbraith, Niall", "Boyda, David", "McFeeters, Danielle", "Hassan, Tariq"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340645", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A video abstract can be found at: https://vimeo.com/414651981. Doctors experience high levels of work stress even under normal circumstances, but many would be reluctant to disclose mental health difficulties or seek help for them, with stigma an often-cited reason. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis places additional pressure on doctors and on the healthcare system in general and research shows that such pressure brings a greater risk of psychological distress for doctors. For this reason, we argue that the authorities and healthcare executives must show strong leadership and support for doctors and their families during the COVID-19 outbreak and call for efforts to reduce mental health stigma in clinical workplaces. This can be facilitated by deliberately adding \u2018healthcare staff mental health support process\u2019 as an ongoing agenda item to high-level management planning meetings."}, {"pmid": 32346394, "pmcid": "PMC7176064", "title": "Additional challenges faced by cancer patients in Gaza due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Ecancermedicalscience", "authors": ["AlWaheidi, Shaymaa", "Sullivan, Richard", "Davies, Elizabeth A"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346394", "countries": ["Palestine, State of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cancer patients in conflict settings experience significant barriers in accessing chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as palliative care and psychosocial support. Now they face an additional possible risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus and the indirect impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on movement restrictions and their access to care. In this commentary, we highlight that despite the low COVID-19 burden in conflict settings like Gaza, COVID-19 could lead to further inequity in cancer care and poorer outcomes for Palestinians with cancer. This is due to the pre-existing shortage in cancer resources as well as the lack of context-specific guidelines to prepare for COVID-19 in war-torn settings."}, {"pmid": 32023685, "title": "[Potential antiviral therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, H", "Wang, Y M", "Xu, J Y", "Cao, B"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023685", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of respiratory illness in Wuhan, China is caused by a novel coronavirus, named 2019-nCoV, which is genetically close to a bat-derived coronavirus. 2019-nCoV is categorized as beta genus coronavirus, same as the two other strains - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Antiviral drugs commonly used in clinical practice, including neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, paramivir, zanamivir, etc.), ganciclovir, acyclovir and ribavirin, are invalid for 2019-nCoV and not recommended. Drugs are possibly effective for 2019-nCoV include: remdesivir, lopinavir / ritonavir, lopinavir / ritonavir combined with interferon-\u03b2, convalescent plasma, and monoclonal antibodies. But the efficacy and safety of these drugs for 2019-nCoV pneumonia patients need to be assessed by further clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32401711, "pmcid": "PMC7211498", "title": "Evidence mounts on the disproportionate effect of COVID-19 on ethnic minorities.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Kirby, Tony"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401711", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443640, "title": "SEIR Modeling of the Italian Epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 Using Computational Swarm Intelligence.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Godio, Alberto", "Pace, Francesca", "Vergnano, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443640", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Italy", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We applied a generalized SEIR epidemiological model to the recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in the world, with a focus on Italy and its Lombardy, Piedmont, and Veneto regions. We focused on the application of a stochastic approach in fitting the model parameters using a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) solver, to improve the reliability of predictions in the medium term (30 days). We analyzed the official data and the predicted evolution of the epidemic in the Italian regions, and we compared the results with the data and predictions of Spain and South Korea. We linked the model equations to the changes in people's mobility, with reference to Google's COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports. We discussed the effectiveness of policies taken by different regions and countries and how they have an impact on past and future infection scenarios."}, {"pmid": 32061312, "pmcid": "PMC7134552", "title": "First imported case of 2019 novel coronavirus in Canada, presenting as mild pneumonia.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Silverstein, William Kyle", "Stroud, Lynfa", "Cleghorn, Graham Edward", "Leis, Jerome Allen"], "date": "2020-02-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32061312", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302988, "pmcid": "PMC7164397", "title": "Editorial. Pediatric neurosurgery along with Children's Hospitals' innovations are rapid and uniform in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Pediatr", "authors": ["Weiner, Howard L", "Adelson, P David", "Brockmeyer, Douglas L", "Maher, Cormac O", "Gupta, Nalin", "Smyth, Matthew D", "Jea, Andrew", "Blount, Jeffrey P", "Riva-Cambrin, Jay", "Lam, Sandi K", "Ahn, Edward S", "Albert, Gregory W", "Leonard, Jeffrey R"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302988", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362292, "pmcid": "PMC7237388", "title": "A glance at the prevalence of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in Iran: Strengths and weaknesses.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mohammadzadeh, Nima", "Shahriary, Mahla", "Shirmohammadlou, Neda", "Lohrasbi, Vahid"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362292", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468623, "title": "Which medical specialties should be prioritised to fill staffing gaps caused by COVID-19 in the United Kingdom? A network analysis.", "journal": "Int J Health Plann Manage", "authors": ["Sharp, Elliott", "Cole, Liam", "Clementi, Rebecca", "Curlewis, Keegan"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468623", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406927, "title": "Convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19: a rapid review.", "journal": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "authors": ["Valk, Sarah J", "Piechotta, Vanessa", "Chai, Khai Li", "Doree, Carolyn", "Monsef, Ina", "Wood, Erica M", "Lamikanra, Abigail", "Kimber, Catherine", "McQuilten, Zoe", "So-Osman, Cynthia", "Estcourt, Lise J", "Skoetz, Nicole"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406927", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulin may reduce mortality in patients with respiratory virus diseases, and are currently being investigated in\u00a0trials as a potential therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A thorough understanding of the current body of evidence regarding the benefits and risks\u00a0is required.\u00a0 OBJECTIVES: To assess whether convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin transfusion is effective and safe in the treatment of people with COVID-19. The protocol was pre-published with the\u00a0Center for Open Science and can be accessed here: osf.io/dwf53\u00a0 We searched the World Health Organization (WHO) COVID-19 Global Research Database, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention COVID-19 Research Article Database and trials registries\u00a0to identify ongoing studies and results of completed studies\u00a0on 23 April 2020 for case-series, cohort, prospectively planned, and randomised controlled trials (RCTs). We followed standard Cochrane methodology and performed all steps regarding study selection in duplicate by two independent review authors (in contrast to the recommendations of the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group). We included studies evaluating convalescent plasma or hyperimmune immunoglobulin for people with COVID-19, irrespective of disease severity, age, gender or ethnicity. We excluded studies including populations with other coronavirus diseases (severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)) and studies evaluating standard immunoglobulins. We followed recommendations of the Cochrane Rapid Reviews Methods Group regarding data extraction and assessment. To assess bias in included studies, we used the\u00a0assessment criteria tool for observational studies, provided by Cochrane Childhood Cancer. We rated the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach for the following\u00a0outcomes: all-cause mortality at hospital discharge, improvement of clinical symptoms (7, 15, and 30 days after transfusion), grade 3 and 4 adverse events, and serious adverse events.\u00a0 MAIN RESULTS: We included eight studies (seven case-series, one prospectively planned, single-arm intervention study) with 32 participants, and\u00a0identified a further 48 ongoing studies evaluating convalescent plasma (47 studies)\u00a0or hyperimmune immunoglobulin (one study), of which 22 are randomised. Overall risk of bias of the eight included studies was high, due to:\u00a0study design;\u00a0small number of\u00a0participants; poor reporting within studies; and varied type of participants with different severities\u00a0of disease, comorbidities, and types of previous or concurrent treatments, including\u00a0antivirals, antifungals or antibiotics, corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine and respiratory support. We rated all\u00a0outcomes as very low certainty, and we were unable to summarise numerical data in any meaningful way. As we identified case-series studies only, we reported results narratively. Effectiveness of convalescent plasma for people with COVID-19 The following reported outcomes could all be related to the underlying natural history of the disease or other concomitant treatment, rather than convalescent plasma. All-cause mortality at hospital discharge All studies reported mortality.\u00a0All participants were alive at the end of the reporting period, but not all participants had been discharged from hospital by the end of the study (15 participants discharged, 6 still hospitalised, 11 unclear). Follow-up ranged from 3 days to\u00a037 days post-transfusion. We do not know whether convalescent plasma therapy affects mortality (very low-certainty evidence).\u00a0 Improvement of clinical symptoms (assessed by respiratory support) Six\u00a0studies, including 28 participants,\u00a0reported the level of respiratory support required; most participants required\u00a0respiratory support at baseline. All studies reported improvement in clinical symptoms in at least some participants.\u00a0We do not know whether convalescent plasma improves clinical symptoms (very low-certainty evidence). Time to discharge from hospital Six studies reported time to discharge from hospital for at least some participants, which ranged from four to 35 days after convalescent plasma therapy.\u00a0 Admission on the intensive care unit (ICU) Six studies included patients who were critically ill. At final follow-up the majority of these patients were no longer on the ICU or no longer required mechanical ventilation. Length of stay on the ICU Only one study (1 participant) reported\u00a0length of stay on the ICU. The individual\u00a0was discharged from the ICU\u00a011 days after plasma transfusion. Safety of convalescent plasma for people with COVID-19 Grade 3 or 4 adverse events\u00a0 The studies did not report the grade of adverse events after convalescent plasma transfusion. Two studies reported data relating to participants who had experienced\u00a0adverse events, that were presumably grade 3 or 4. One case study reported a participant who had moderate fever (38.9 \u00b0C). Another study (3 participants) reported a case of\u00a0severe anaphylactic shock. Four studies reported the absence of moderate or severe adverse events (19 participants). We are very uncertain whether or not convalescent plasma therapy affects the risk of moderate to severe adverse events\u00a0(very low-certainty evidence). Serious adverse events One study (3\u00a0participants) reported one serious adverse event. As described above, this individual had severe\u00a0anaphylactic shock after receiving convalescent plasma. Six studies reported that no serious adverse events occurred. We are very uncertain whether or not convalescent plasma therapy affects the risk of\u00a0serious adverse events (very low-certainty evidence).\u00a0 AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: We identified eight studies (seven case-series and one prospectively planned single-arm intervention study) with a total of 32 participants (range 1 to 10). Most studies assessed the risks of the intervention; reporting two adverse events (potentially grade 3 or 4), one of which\u00a0was a serious adverse event. We are very uncertain whether convalescent plasma is effective for people admitted to hospital with COVID-19 as studies reported results inconsistently, making it difficult to compare results and to draw conclusions. We identified very low-certainty evidence on the effectiveness and safety of convalescent plasma therapy for people with COVID-19; all studies were at high risk of bias and reporting quality was low. No RCTs or controlled non-randomised studies evaluating benefits and harms of convalescent plasma have been completed. There are 47 ongoing studies evaluating convalescent plasma, of which 22\u00a0are RCTs, and one\u00a0trial evaluating hyperimmune immunoglobulin. We will update this review as a living systematic review, based on monthly searches in the above mentioned databases and registries. These updates are likely to\u00a0show different results to those reported here."}, {"pmid": 32404672, "pmcid": "PMC7268842", "title": "Virtual Surgical Training During COVID-19: Operating Room Simulation Platforms Accessible from Home.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["McKechnie, Tyler", "Levin, Marc", "Zhou, Kelvin", "Freedman, Benjamin", "Palter, Vanessa", "Grantcharov, Teodor P"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404672", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393502, "pmcid": "PMC7219630", "title": "Protecting the health of doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Majeed, Azeem", "Molokhia, Mariam", "Pankhania, Bharat", "Asanati, Kaveh"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393502", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303881, "pmcid": "PMC7164410", "title": "Possible link between anosmia and COVID-19: sniffing out the truth.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Marinosci, Annalisa", "Landis, Basile N", "Calmy, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303881", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489248, "pmcid": "PMC7253737", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Canadian medical oncologists and cancer care: Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists survey report.", "journal": "Curr Oncol", "authors": ["Gill, S", "Hao, D", "Hirte, H", "Campbell, A", "Colwell, B"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489248", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The covid-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented professional and personal challenges for the oncology community. Under the auspices of the Canadian Association of Medical Oncologists, we conducted an online national survey to better understand the impact of the pandemic on the medical oncology community in Canada. An English-language multiple-choice survey, including questions about demographics, covid-19 risk, use of personal protective equipment (ppe), personal challenges, and chemotherapy management was distributed to Canadian medical oncologists. The survey was open from 30 March to 4 April 2020, and attracted 159 responses. More than 70% of medical oncologists expressed moderate-to-extreme concern about personally contracting covid-19 and about family members or patients (or both) contracting covid-19 from them. Despite that high level of concern, considerable variability in the use of ppe in direct cancer care was reported at the time of this survey, with 33% of respondents indicating no routine ppe use at their institutions and 69% indicating uncertainty about access to adequate ppe. Of the respondents, 54% were experiencing feelings of nervousness or anxiety on most days, and 52% were having feelings of depression or hopelessness on at least some days. Concern about aging parents or family and individual wellness represented the top personal challenges identified. The management of cancer patients has been affected, with adoption of telemedicine reported by 82% of respondents, and cessation of clinical trial accrual reported by 54%. The 3 factors deemed most important for treatment decision-making were\u25a0 cancer prognosis and anticipated benefit from treatment,\u25a0 risk of treatment toxicity during scarce health care access, and\u25a0 patient risk of contracting covid-19. This report describes the results of the first national survey assessing the impact of the covid-19 on Canadian medical oncologists and how they deliver systemic anticancer therapies. We hope that these data will provide a framework to address the challenges identified."}, {"pmid": 32504017, "title": "India expands use of controversial drug for coronavirus despite safety concerns.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Pulla, Priyanka"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504017", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361250, "pmcid": "PMC7165294", "title": "Longitudinal characteristics of lymphocyte responses and cytokine profiles in the peripheral blood of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.", "journal": "EBioMedicine", "authors": ["Liu, Jing", "Li, Sumeng", "Liu, Jia", "Liang, Boyun", "Wang, Xiaobei", "Wang, Hua", "Li, Wei", "Tong, Qiaoxia", "Yi, Jianhua", "Zhao, Lei", "Xiong, Lijuan", "Guo, Chunxia", "Tian, Jin", "Luo, Jinzhuo", "Yao, Jinghong", "Pang, Ran", "Shen, Hui", "Peng, Cheng", "Liu, Ting", "Zhang, Qian", "Wu, Jun", "Xu, Ling", "Lu, Sihong", "Wang, Baoju", "Weng, Zhihong", "Han, Chunrong", "Zhu, Huabing", "Zhou, Ruxia", "Zhou, Helong", "Chen, Xiliu", "Ye, Pian", "Zhu, Bin", "Wang, Lu", "Zhou, Wenqing", "He, Shengsong", "He, Yongwen", "Jie, Shenghua", "Wei, Ping", "Zhang, Jianao", "Lu, Yinping", "Wang, Weixian", "Zhang, Li", "Li, Ling", "Zhou, Fengqin", "Wang, Jun", "Dittmer, Ulf", "Lu, Mengji", "Hu, Yu", "Yang, Dongliang", "Zheng, Xin"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361250", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The dynamic changes of lymphocyte subsets and cytokines profiles of patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and their correlation with the disease severity remain unclear. Peripheral blood samples were longitudinally collected from 40 confirmed COVID-19 patients and examined for lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry and cytokine profiles by specific immunoassays. Of the 40 COVID-19 patients enrolled, 13 severe cases showed significant and sustained decreases in lymphocyte counts [0\u00b76 (0\u00b76-0\u00b78)] but increases in neutrophil counts [4\u00b77 (3\u00b76-5\u00b78)] than 27 mild cases [1.1 (0\u00b78-1\u00b74); 2\u00b70 (1\u00b75-2\u00b79)]. Further analysis demonstrated significant decreases in the counts of T cells, especially CD8+ T cells, as well as increases in IL-6, IL-10, IL-2 and IFN-\u03b3 levels in the peripheral blood in the severe cases compared to those in the mild cases. T cell counts and cytokine levels in severe COVID-19 patients who survived the disease gradually recovered at later time points to levels that were comparable to those of the mild cases. Moreover, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (AUC=0\u00b793) and neutrophil-to-CD8+ T cell ratio (N8R) (AUC =0\u00b794) were identified as powerful prognostic factors affecting the prognosis for severe COVID-19. The degree of lymphopenia and a proinflammatory cytokine storm is higher in severe COVID-19 patients than in mild cases, and is associated with the disease severity. N8R and NLR may serve as a useful prognostic factor for early identification of severe COVID-19 cases. The National Natural Science Foundation of China, the National Science and Technology Major Project, the Health Commission of Hubei Province, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, and the Medical Faculty of the University of Duisburg-Essen and Stiftung Universitaetsmedizin, Hospital Essen, Germany."}, {"pmid": 32403032, "pmcid": "PMC7200336", "title": "Early thromboembolic events in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Rosen, Raphael J"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403032", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352480, "title": "Mental Health in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Emergency-The Italian Response.", "journal": "JAMA Psychiatry", "authors": ["de Girolamo, Giovanni", "Cerveri, Giancarlo", "Clerici, Massimo", "Monzani, Emiliano", "Spinogatti, Franco", "Starace, Fabrizio", "Tura, Giambattista", "Vita, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352480", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article briefly reports the experience of mental health services and the lessons learned during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. In particular, this report offers opportunities to build on experience gained in managing the COVID-19 emergency in the Departments of Mental Health and Addiction (DMHAs) in Lombardy, the wealthiest Italian region, which has approximately 10 million inhabitants. Italy has a National Mental Health System divided into 134 DMHAs, 27 of which are in Lombardy. In the 4 weeks after the epidemic started, important changes occurred in the management of DMHAs in Lombardy. Many challenges have occurred in the management of health services. In many hospitals, entire wards, including some psychiatric wards, have been reorganized to admit patients with COVID-19, and many physicians and nurses have been diverted to wards managing patients with COVID-19. Most day facilities for patients with psychiatric needs have been temporarily closed, whereas in residential facilities, patients who usually are free to come and go during the day have had to be confined in the facilities with very limited or no leave. These changes have produced considerable stresses on people with severe mental disorders. Many outpatient clinics have limited appointments to those with the most urgent cases, and home visits, a common practice in most DMHAs, have been drastically reduced with potentially detrimental consequences for patients' well-being. Another potential detrimental consequence of being forced to stay at home has been an increase in the hours spent face to face with families with high amounts of conflict. Departments of Mental Health need to be equipped with appropriate e-health technologies and procedures to cope with situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, interventions are needed to mitigate the potentially harmful consequences of quarantine. Departments of Mental Health should be able to assume a leadership position in the psychosocial management of disasterlike situations, and this requires the acquisition of new skills, notably how to correctly inform the population about risk, train and disseminate effective preventive and management procedures for disasters, support health personnel and rescuers, and support those experiencing bereavement."}, {"pmid": 32291903, "pmcid": "PMC7262101", "title": "COVID-19 - Looking beyond the immediate concerns.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Smith, Timothy L"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291903", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253226, "pmcid": "PMC7164393", "title": "An orally bioavailable broad-spectrum antiviral inhibits SARS-CoV-2 in human airway epithelial cell cultures and multiple coronaviruses in mice.", "journal": "Sci Transl Med", "authors": ["Sheahan, Timothy P", "Sims, Amy C", "Zhou, Shuntai", "Graham, Rachel L", "Pruijssers, Andrea J", "Agostini, Maria L", "Leist, Sarah R", "Schafer, Alexandra", "Dinnon, Kenneth H 3rd", "Stevens, Laura J", "Chappell, James D", "Lu, Xiaotao", "Hughes, Tia M", "George, Amelia S", "Hill, Collin S", "Montgomery, Stephanie A", "Brown, Ariane J", "Bluemling, Gregory R", "Natchus, Michael G", "Saindane, Manohar", "Kolykhalov, Alexander A", "Painter, George", "Harcourt, Jennifer", "Tamin, Azaibi", "Thornburg, Natalie J", "Swanstrom, Ronald", "Denison, Mark R", "Baric, Ralph S"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253226", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) traffic frequently between species resulting in novel disease outbreaks, most recently exemplified by the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Here, we show that the ribonucleoside analog \u03b2-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC; EIDD-1931) has broad-spectrum antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, and related zoonotic group 2b or 2c bat-CoVs, as well as increased potency against a CoV bearing resistance mutations to the nucleoside analog inhibitor remdesivir. In mice infected with SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV, both prophylactic and therapeutic administration of EIDD-2801, an orally bioavailable NHC prodrug (\u03b2-d-N4-hydroxycytidine-5'-isopropyl ester), improved pulmonary function and reduced virus titer and body weight loss. Decreased MERS-CoV yields in vitro and in vivo were associated with increased transition mutation frequency in viral, but not host cell RNA, supporting a mechanism of lethal mutagenesis in CoV. The potency of NHC/EIDD-2801 against multiple CoVs and oral bioavailability highlights its potential utility as an effective antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 and other future zoonotic CoVs."}, {"pmid": 32235187, "pmcid": "PMC7253040", "title": "A Comparative Study of Chest Computed Tomography Features in Young and Older Adults With Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Zhu, Tingting", "Wang, Yujin", "Zhou, Shuchang", "Zhang, Na", "Xia, Liming"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235187", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the most common computed tomography (CT) findings of pneumonia caused by new coronavirus in younger patients (60 and younger) and older adults (older than 60). The chest CT images of 72 symptomatic patients with corona virus disease (COVID-19) were analyzed retrospectively, including 44 younger patients (47.5\u00b18.7\u2009y old) and 28 older patients (68.4\u00b16.0\u2009y old). CT findings including density (pure ground-glass opacities, ground-glass opacities with consolidation, consolidation), the number of lobes involved, lesion distribution, and the main accompanying signs were analyzed and compared. Characteristic CT findings included the lobes of bilateral lung extensively involved, ground-glass opacity and ground-glass opacity with consolidation in the peripheral area, sometimes accompanied by interlobular septal thickening, and subpleural line and pleural thickening. Compared with the younger group, the proportion of extensive involvement of lung lobes was higher in the elderly group (71.4% vs. 36.4%, P=0.009), and subpleural line and pleural thickening were more likely to occur (50.0% vs. 25.0%, and 71.4% vs. 40.9%, P=0.030 and 0.011, respectively). Elderly and younger patients with corona virus disease have some common CT features, but older patients are more likely to have extensive lung lobe involvement, and subpleural line and pleural thickening. These differentiated characteristics may be related to the progress and prognosis of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32336870, "pmcid": "PMC7180358", "title": "Air purifiers: A supplementary measure to remove airborne SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Build Environ", "authors": ["Zhao, By Bin", "Liu, Yumeng", "Chen, Chen"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336870", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466598, "title": "Metabolic Impacts of Confinement during the COVID-19 Pandemic Due to Modified Diet and Physical Activity Habits.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Martinez-Ferran, Maria", "de la Guia-Galipienso, Fernando", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian", "Pareja-Galeano, Helios"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466598", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the detrimental effects of a chronic positive energy balance due to a sedentary lifestyle have been well established, the impacts of a short period of abruptly reduced physical activity and overeating arising from strict confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic will soon start to emerge. To reasonably anticipate major consequences according to the available evidence, we hereby review the literature for studies that have explored the health impacts of several weeks of a reduction in physical activity and daily step-count combined with modified eating habits. These studies identify as main metabolic consequences increases in insulin resistance, total body fat, abdominal fat and inflammatory cytokines. All these factors have been strongly associated with the development of metabolic syndrome, which in turn increases the risk of multiple chronic diseases. A plausible mechanism involved in these impacts could be a positive energy balance promoted by maintaining usual dietary intake while reducing energy expenditure. This means that just as calorie intake restriction could help mitigate the deleterious impacts of a bout of physical inactivity, overeating under conditions of home confinement is very likely to exacerbate these consequences. Moreover, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease have been identified as potential risk factors for more severely ill patients with COVID-19. Thus, adequate control of metabolic disorders could be important to reduce the risk of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32332061, "title": "Clinical Evaluation of Three Sample-To-Answer Platforms for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Zhen, Wei", "Smith, Elizabeth", "Manji, Ryhana", "Schron, Deborah", "Berry, Gregory J"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332061", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has now spread across the globe. As part of the worldwide response, many molecular diagnostic platforms have been granted Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to identify SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Our objective was to evaluate three sample-to-answer molecular diagnostic platforms (Cepheid Xpert\u00ae Xpress SARS-CoV-2 [Xpert Xpress], Abbott ID NOW\u2122 COVID-19 [ID NOW], GenMark ePlex\u00ae SARS-CoV-2 Test [ePlex]) to determine analytical sensitivity, clinical performance, and workflow for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swabs from 108 symptomatic patients. We found that the Xpert Xpress had the lowest limit of detection (100% detection at 100 copies/mL), followed by the ePlex (100% detection at 1,000 copies/mL), and the ID NOW (20,000 copies/mL). The Xpert Xpress also had highest positive percent agreement (PPA) when compared to our reference standard (98.3%) followed by the ePlex (91.4%) and ID now (87.7%). All three assays showed 100% negative percent agreement (NPA). In the workflow analysis, the ID NOW produced the most rapid time to result per specimen (\u223c17 minutes) as compared to the Xpert Xpress (\u223c46 minutes) and the ePlex (\u223c1.5 hours), but what the ID NOW gained in rapid results, it lost in analytical and clinical performance. The ePlex had the longest time to results and showed a slight improvement in PPA over the ID NOW. Information about the clinical and analytical performance of these assays, as well as workflow, will be critical in making informed and timely decisions on testing platform."}, {"pmid": 32524961, "title": "Health Systems' Resilience: COVID-19 Response in Trinidad and Tobago.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Hunte, Shelly-Ann", "Pierre, Karen", "St Rose, Roseann", "Simeon, Donald T"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524961", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Trinidad and Tobago, a small island developing state, has been ranked as number one in a report published by the University of Oxford that assessed responses to COVID-19 based on four of the six WHO criteria for rolling back COVID-19 \"lockdown\" measures. The key mitigation and containment strategies implemented by the country were evidence-informed and demonstrated an \"all-of-government\" approach. The COVID-19 health system response of this country demonstrates that although developing countries face many health system challenges, political will, evidence-informed decision-making, respect for science, and timely, coordinated, collaborative actions can strengthen the resilience and response of the health system during a health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32243784, "pmcid": "PMC7270522", "title": "Protecting the psychological health of children through effective communication about COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Dalton, Louise", "Rapa, Elizabeth", "Stein, Alan"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243784", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448344, "pmcid": "PMC7245881", "title": "Effect of flow and cannula size on generated pressure during nasal high flow.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Pinkham, Maximilian", "Tatkov, Stanislav"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448344", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321623, "pmcid": "PMC7200837", "title": "Effective infection prevention and control strategies in a large, accredited, psychiatric facility in Singapore.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Poremski, Daniel", "Subner, Sandra H", "Lam, Grace F K", "Dev, Raveen", "Mok, Yee Ming", "Chua, Hong Choon", "Fung, Daniel Ss"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321623", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352407, "title": "Preventing cytokine storm syndrome in COVID-19 using alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Konig, Maximilian F", "Powell, Mike", "Staedtke, Verena", "Bai, Ren-Yuan", "Thomas, David L", "Fischer, Nicole", "Huq, Sakibul", "Khalafallah, Adham M", "Koenecke, Allison", "Xiong, Ruoxuan", "Mensh, Brett", "Papadopoulos, Nickolas", "Kinzler, Kenneth W", "Vogelstein, Bert", "Vogelstein, Joshua T", "Athey, Susan", "Zhou, Shibin", "Bettegowda, Chetan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352407", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475018, "title": "Social-economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic on aesthetic centers in Greece.", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Biskanaki, Foteini", "Rallis, Epsilonfstathios", "Andreou, Epsilonleni", "Sfiri, Epsilonleni", "Tertipi, Nuiki", "Kefala, Vasiliki"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475018", "countries": ["Greece"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Epidemics are a major cause of health problems in developing countries, preventing the accumulation of human capital and economic growth. On the appearance of the pandemic of the new coronavirus COVID-19 worldwide, this survey was carried out in the 4th week of the occurrence of the cases in Greece. The investigation was aimed at the social and economic impact caused by this COVID-19 pandemic and the state's decision to suspend the operation of businesses and stores in Greece. One hundred and fifth-eight aesthetic centers from various areas of Greece were participated in this study, and the questionnaires were sent electronically to the business owners. Statistical analyzes were conducted using Google Forms and the questionnaires analyzed through PSPP software. Based on their answers and the statistical analyzes, it was calculated the reduction of the monthly income for the first month of suspension of the operation of their companies. Additionally, social related matters were examined as, how they experience this period, psychologically, financially, what problems they believe that they will face and what changes in their work that could result from the pandemic. There is no similar study and experience for aesthetic centers from a viral pandemic in literature. The suspension of operations provoked serious financial problems and significant psychological burden about what \"tomorrow will bring\" with returning to \"normalcy\"."}, {"pmid": 32464582, "pmcid": "PMC7245233", "title": "Treating patients with multiple sclerosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: Assessing the expert recommendations.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Guevara, Carlos", "Villa, Eduardo", "Rosas, Carlos Silva", "Diaz, Violeta", "Naves, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464582", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443151, "title": "Lopinavir pharmacokinetics in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Gregoire, Matthieu", "Le Turnier, Paul", "Gaborit, Benjamin J", "Veyrac, Gwenaelle", "Lecomte, Raphael", "Boutoille, David", "Canet, Emmanuel", "Imbert, Berthe-Marie", "Bellouard, Ronan", "Raffi, Francois"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443151", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255761, "title": "High Contagiousness and Rapid Spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Sanche, Steven", "Lin, Yen Ting", "Xu, Chonggang", "Romero-Severson, Ethan", "Hengartner, Nick", "Ke, Ruian"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255761", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the causative agent of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease pandemic. Initial estimates of the early dynamics of the outbreak in Wuhan, China, suggested a doubling time of the number of infected persons of 6-7 days and a basic reproductive number (R0) of 2.2-2.7. We collected extensive individual case reports across China and estimated key epidemiologic parameters, including the incubation period. We then designed 2 mathematical modeling approaches to infer the outbreak dynamics in Wuhan by using high-resolution domestic travel and infection data. Results show that the doubling time early in the epidemic in Wuhan was 2.3-3.3 days. Assuming a serial interval of 6-9 days, we calculated a median R0 value of 5.7 (95% CI 3.8-8.9). We further show that active surveillance, contact tracing, quarantine, and early strong social distancing efforts are needed to stop transmission of the virus."}, {"pmid": 32496247, "title": "Genome analysis of SARS-CoV-2 isolates occurring in India: Present scenario.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Devendran, Ragunathan", "Kumar, Manish", "Chakraborty, Supriya"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496247", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still a debatable topic. The association of the virus spread from the market is supported by the close relation of genome sequences of environmental surface samples with virus samples from earliest patients by phylogenetic analysis. To have an insight into the SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences reported from India for better understanding on their epidemiology and virulence. Genome sequences of Indian isolates of SARS-CoV-2 were analyzed to understand their phylogeny and divergence with respect to other isolates reported from other countries. Amino acid sequences of individual open reading frames (ORFs) from SARS-CoV-2 Indian isolates were aligned with sequences of isolates reported from other countries to identify the mutations occurred in Indian isolates. Our analysis suggests that Indian SARS-CoV-2 isolates are closely related to isolates reported from other parts of the world. Most ORFs are highly conserved; mutations were also detected in some ORFs. We found that most isolates reported from India have key mutations at 614th position of the S protein and 84th position of the ORF 8, which has been reported to be associated with high virulence and high transmission rate. An attempt was made to understand the SARS-CoV-2 virus reported from India. SARS-CoV-2 reported from India was closely similar to other SARS-CoV-2 reported from other parts of the world, which suggests that vaccines and other therapeutic methods generated from other countries might work well in India. In addition, available sequence data suggest that majority of Indian isolates are capable of high transmission and virulence."}, {"pmid": 32265008, "pmcid": "PMC7140598", "title": "Understanding coronavirus disease (COVID-19) risk perceptions among the public to enhance risk communication efforts: a practical approach for outbreaks, Finland, February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Lohiniva, Anna-Leena", "Sane, Jussi", "Sibenberg, Katja", "Puumalainen, Taneli", "Salminen, Mika"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265008", "countries": ["Finland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Understanding risk perceptions of the public is critical for risk communication. In February 2020, the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare started collecting weekly qualitative data on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) risk perception that informs risk communication efforts. The process is based on thematic analysis of emails and social media messages from the public and identifies factors linked to appraisal of risk magnitude, which are developed into risk communication recommendations together with health and communication experts."}, {"pmid": 32449272, "title": "Lung ultrasonography in COVID-19: a gamechanger in the Stroke Unit?", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Lugnan, Carlo", "Tommasini, Valentina", "Furlanis, Giovanni", "Naccarato, Marcello", "Caruso, Paola", "Scali, Ilario", "Buoite Stella, Alex", "Ajcevic, Milos", "Cillotto, Tommaso", "Manganotti, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449272", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly spreading worldwide, and the WHO declared its pandemic nature on 11th March 20201 . The outbreak has hit Europe and, as of April 19, 2020, Italy has the third largest number of confirmed cases, namely a total of 175,925 cases and 23,227 deaths according to the John Hopkins University2 . This is the largest health and economic emergency of our country since the post-war period, and many hospitals are now dedicated exclusively to COVID-19 assistance. Our University Hub Stroke Unit of Cattinara Hospital is in the northeaster Italian region of Friuli Venezia Giulia which enlisted 2,731 cases and 222 deaths at the time of writing3 ."}, {"pmid": 32396497, "title": "COVID-19-associated SIADH: a clue in the times of pandemic!", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Yousaf, Zohaib", "Al-Shokri, Shaikha D", "Al-Soub, Hussam", "Mohamed, Mouhand F H"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396497", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387870, "pmcid": "PMC7184974", "title": "Forensic medicine in the time of COVID 19: An Editorial from Milano, Italy.", "journal": "Forensic Sci Int", "authors": ["Cattaneo, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387870", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525468, "title": "EXPRESS: Impact of COVID-19 outbreak in ischemic stroke admissions and in-hospital mortality in North-West Spain.", "journal": "Int J Stroke", "authors": ["Tejada Meza, Herbert", "Lambea, Alvaro", "Sancho Saldana, Agustin", "Martinez-Zabaleta, Maria T", "de la Riva, Patricia", "Lopez-Cancio, Elena", "Castanon Apilanez, Maria", "Herrera, Maria", "Marta-Enguita, Juan", "De Lera, Mercedes", "Arenillas, Juan F", "Segurola Olaizola, Jon", "Timiraos Fernandez, Juan Jose", "Sanchez, Joaquin", "Macineiras Montero, Jose Luis", "Castellanos, Mar", "Roel Garcia, Alexia", "Casado Menendez, Ignacio", "Freijo, Mar", "Luna Rodriguez, Alain", "Palacio Portilla, Enrique Jesus", "Jimenez Lopez, Yesica", "Rodriguez-Castro, Emilio", "Arias Rivas, Susana", "Tejada, Javier", "Beltran Rodriguez, Iria", "Julian-Villaverde, Francisco", "Moreno Garcia, Maria Pilar", "Trejo-Gabriel-Galan, Jose M", "Echevarria Iniguez, Ana", "Tejero Juste, Carlos", "Perez Lazaro, Cristina", "Marta Moreno, Javier"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525468", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441360, "pmcid": "PMC7267098", "title": "Evaluation of dermatology consultations in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Temiz, Selami Aykut", "Dursun, Recep", "Daye, Munise", "Ataseven, Arzu"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441360", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been reported that dermatology practices may be a vector for SARS-CoV-2 transmission and elective cases should be postponed during the pandemic period. In this context, studies on the change of patient profile in Dermatology outpatient clinic have been conducted. However, there was no study in the literature about dermatology consultations during the pandemic period. One hundred and forty-seven dermatology consultation cases in the era of COVID-19 pandemic between March 11, 2020 and May 4, 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty-four patients (16.3%) had suspicion and signs of COVID during consultation (fever, cough, shortness of breath, etc.). Nine (37.5%) of these patients also had accompanying COVID-19 skin lesions (two urticarial lesions, two livedo and necrosis, two maculopapular eruption, two vesicular rashes, one pseudo-chilblain). The number of cases that were suspected to have COVID-19 was statistically significantly higher in consultations requested by the emergency department and intensive care unit, while there were no suspected cases in outpatient clinic consultations (P =\u2009.001). Two (1.4%) of these patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 confirmed by PCR within 2\u2009weeks. We acknowledge that daily practice changes frequently during this period, but still our study provides a perspective to other dermatology clinics in terms of the requested dermatology consultations during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32301958, "title": "The Promise and Peril of Antibody Testing for COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Abbasi, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301958", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529703, "title": "The WetNet: What the Oral Polio Vaccine Hypothesis Exposes about Globalized Interspecies Fluid Bonds.", "journal": "Med Anthropol Q", "authors": ["Jain, S Lochlann"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529703", "countries": ["Belgium", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The author analyzes the aftermath of Edward\u00a0Hooper's suggestion that the trial of an oral polio vaccine (OPV) in the Belgian colonies of Africa engendered the pandemic form of the AIDS virus, HIV-1. In response to\u00a0Hooper's book,\u00a0The River (1999),\u00a0the Royal Society in London held a conference to debate the origins of HIV. Examination of the quick dismissal of the OPV theory opens a space for legitimately challenging the widely held belief that the vaccine contamination question was convincingly resolved. This article interrogates the relationship between historiography and the making of scientific facts and history, suggesting that historians have been too credulous of scientists' testimony. The further result of the lack of a thorough analysis of the evidence backing the OPV hypothesis has resulted in a missed opportunity to read The River as one of the few detailed accounts of the immense social, political, technological, and interspecies infrastructure constituted by Cold War vaccine production. This biomedical infrastructure dramatically changed the geographic and interspecies mobility of viruses in ways that may be impossible to reconstruct. Yet these potential transmission routes remain crucial to acknowledge. The COVID-19 pandemic draws attention to the critical importance of studying The WetNet, a concept coined by the author to name the conceptual and material infrastructures of inter- and intraspecies fluid bonding."}, {"pmid": 32434095, "pmcid": "PMC7219409", "title": "Binge watching behavior during COVID 19 pandemic: A cross-sectional, cross-national online survey.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Dixit, Ayushi", "Marthoenis, Marthoenis", "Arafat, S M Yasir", "Sharma, Pawan", "Kar, Sujita Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434095", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503117, "title": "Lassa Fever: Viral Replication, Disease Pathogenesis, and Host Immune Modulations.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Ly, Hinh"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503117", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite major discoveries made in the last few decades about Lassa fever, there are still many unresolved key issues that hamper the development of effective vaccines and therapies against this deadly disease that is endemic in several West African countries. Some of these issues include the lack of a detailed understanding of the viral and participating host factors in completing the virus life cycle, in mediating disease pathogenesis or protection from disease, and in activating or suppressing host innate and cellular immunity against virus infection, as well as of the animal models required for testing vaccines and therapeutics. This Special Issue is devoted to understanding some of these important issues and to exploring the current status of the research and development in combating Lassa fever."}, {"pmid": 32198713, "pmcid": "PMC7091172", "title": "A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Wang, Qiong", "Qiu, Ye", "Li, Jin-Yan", "Zhou, Zhi-Jian", "Liao, Ce-Heng", "Ge, Xing-Yi"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198713", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386473, "title": "Postoperative fever in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Surg", "authors": ["Bourget-Murray, Jonathan", "Heard, Bryan J", "Bansal, Rohit", "Johnson, Andrew S", "Powell, James"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386473", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Postoperative fever is common following orthopedic trauma surgery. As the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection increases in the community, migration into the acute care hospital setting intensifies, creating confusion when fever develops postoperatively. The transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 make it difficult to adequately gauge and pinpoint risk groups with questionnaires at the time of hospital admission. This is particularly problematic when asymptomatic or presymptomatic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 require urgent surgery and cannot be screened effectively. One approach is to treat every patient as though they were SARS-CoV-2-positive in preparation for surgery, but doing so could exacerbate shortages of personal protective equipment and staffing limitations. Uncertainty regarding the etiology of postoperative fever could be significantly reduced by universal SARS-CoV-2 testing of all surgical patients at the time of hospital admission in addition to routine screening, but testing capacity and a rapid turnaround time would be required."}, {"pmid": 32354807, "pmcid": "PMC7194766", "title": "Video consultations in UK primary care in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Trethewey, Samuel P", "Beck, Kathryn J", "Symonds, Rehan F"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354807", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444414, "title": "Antibodies against immunogenic epitopes with high sequence identity to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with autoimmune dermatomyositis.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Megremis, Spyridon", "Walker, Thomas D J", "He, Xiaotong", "Ollier, William E R", "Chinoy, Hector", "Hampson, Lynne", "Hampson, Ian", "Lamb, Janine A"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444414", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304464, "pmcid": "PMC7179058", "title": "Calculate the COVID-19 equation with the people's energy as key variable.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Boggs, Steven D"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304464", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311289, "title": "Pursuing a Good Death in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Wang, Samuel S Y", "Teo, Winnie Z Y", "Yee, Chee Wai", "Chai, Yong Woon"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311289", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31969317, "title": "Coronavirus: UK screens direct flights from Wuhan after US case.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-01-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31969317", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345583, "title": "Risks to children and young people during covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Green, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345583", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531121, "title": "Two cases of cutaneous eruptions due to CoVID-19 infection in Singapore: New insights into the spectrum of clinical presentation and histopathology.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Ho, Benjamin Wen Yang", "Wang, Dingyuan", "Tan, Llewelyn Yi Chang", "Bundele, Manish Mahadeorao", "Tan, Chee Hian", "Lim, Joel Hua-Liang"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531121", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The dermatological manifestations of CoVID-19 infection (CI) are variable, including livedo/necrosis, pseudochillblains, vesicular (monomorphic vesicles unlike varicella), urticarial and maculopapular subtypes1 . We report the cutaneous manifestations of two Han-Chinese patients in Singapore with CI and highlight their instructive features. Case 1 is a 43-year-old male with CI who developed truncal and limb rashes 12 days after onset of respiratory symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32448759, "pmcid": "PMC7207142", "title": "COVID-19: Unique public health issues facing Black, Asian and minority ethnic communities.", "journal": "Curr Probl Cardiol", "authors": ["Abuelgasim, Eyad", "Saw, Li Jing", "Shirke, Manasi", "Zeinah, Mohamed", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448759", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus disease is a serious public health emergency, with serious adverse implications for populations, healthcare systems, and economies globally. Recently, concerns have been raised about possible\u00a0association between ethnicity, incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 arisen from early government data. In this review, we will explore the possible association using both recent COVID-19 studies and studies of previous pandemics. We call for data on ethnicity to be routinely collected by governments, as part of an international collaboration, alongside other patient demographics and further research to robustly determine the magnitude of association. Moreover, governments must learn from previous pandemics and recommended strategies to mitigate risks on minority ethnicities due to socioeconomic disadvantages."}, {"pmid": 32266375, "pmcid": "PMC7184336", "title": "Inquiring into Benefits of Independent Activation of Non-Classical Renin-Angiotensin System in the Clinical Prognosis and Reduction of COVID-19 mortality.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Alvarez-Aragon, Luis Miguel", "Cuesta-Munoz, Antonio Luis", "Alvarez-Lopez, Inmaculada"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266375", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243778, "pmcid": "PMC7271264", "title": "Ensuring global access to COVID-19 vaccines.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Yamey, Gavin", "Schaferhoff, Marco", "Hatchett, Richard", "Pate, Muhammad", "Zhao, Feng", "McDade, Kaci Kennedy"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243778", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360932, "pmcid": "PMC7252010", "title": "Telephonic triage before surgical ward admission and telemedicine during COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Effective and easy procedures to reduce in-hospital positivity.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Tolone, Salvatore", "Gambardella, Claudio", "Brusciano, Luigi", "Del Genio, Gianmattia", "Lucido, Francesco Saverio", "Docimo, Ludovico"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360932", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292688, "pmcid": "PMC7114947", "title": "Covid-19, Coronavirus and Mental Health Rehabilitation at Times of Crisis.", "journal": "J Psychosoc Rehabil Ment Health", "authors": ["Chaturvedi, Santosh K"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292688", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308536, "pmcid": "PMC7153689", "title": "A Critical Appraisal of COVID-19 in Malaysia and Beyond.", "journal": "Malays J Med Sci", "authors": ["Abdullah, Jafri Malin", "Wan Ismail, Wan Faisham Nu'man", "Mohamad, Irfan", "Ab Razak, Asrenee", "Harun, Azian", "Musa, Kamarul Imran", "Lee, Yeong Yeh"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308536", "countries": ["China", "Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When the first report of COVID-19 appeared in December 2019 from Wuhan, China, the world unknowingly perceived this as another flu-like illness. Many were surprised at the extreme steps that China had subsequently taken to seal Wuhan from the rest of the world. However, by February 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, had spread so quickly across the globe that the World Health Organization officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic. COVID-19 is not the first pandemic the world has seen, so what makes it so unique in Malaysia, is discussed to avoid a future coronacoma."}, {"pmid": 32420951, "title": "COVID-19 virus case fatality rate: How to avoid errors in calculation of data during the outbreak?", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Soliman, Ashraf T", "Alyafei, Fawziya", "Elalaily, Rania"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420951", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "."}, {"pmid": 32401611, "pmcid": "PMC7232879", "title": "The pulmonary-proteoliposome as a new therapeutic approach for Coronaviruses.", "journal": "Hum Vaccin Immunother", "authors": ["Feliciello, Isidoro", "Procino, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401611", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are proposing\u00c2\u00a0the use of pulmonary-proteoliposome as a new therapeutic approach for Coronaviruses. The designed strategy represents a potential treatment to reduce the overall viral load in the lungs and to help the immune system to successfully stave off the infection."}, {"pmid": 32462098, "pmcid": "PMC7242967", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic, socioeconomic crisis and human stress in resource-limited settings: A case from Bangladesh.", "journal": "Heliyon", "authors": ["Shammi, Mashura", "Bodrud-Doza, Md", "Towfiqul Islam, Abu Reza Md", "Rahman, Md Mostafizur"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462098", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Considering the population density, healthcare capacity, limited resources and existing poverty, environmental factors, social structure, cultural norms, and already more than 18,863 people infected, the community transmission of COVID-19 is happening fast. These exacerbated a complex fear among the public. The aim of this article is, therefore, to understand the public perception of socioeconomic crisis and human stress in resource-limited settings of Bangladesh during the COVID-19 outbreak. The sample comprised of 1066 Bangladeshi participants. Principal component analysis (PCA) was considered to design a standardized scale to measure the mental stress and socioeconomic crisis, one-way ANOVA and t-test were conducted to perceive different demographic risk groups; multiple linear regression was applied to estimate the statistically significant association between each component, and classical test theory (CTT) analysis was applied to examine the reliability of each item according to the components to develop a composite score. Without safeguarding the fundamental needs for the vulnerable ultra-poor group can undeniably cause the socioeconomic crisis and mental stress due to the COVID-19 lockdown. It has further created unemployment, deprivation, hunger, and social conflicts. The weak governance in the fragile healthcare system exacerbates the general public's anxiety as the COVID-19 testing facilities are centered around in the urban areas, a long serial to be tested, minimum or no treatment facilities in the dedicated hospital units for COVID-19 patients are the chief observations hampered along with the disruption of other critical healthcare services. One-way ANOVA and t-test confirmed food and nutritional deficiency among the vulnerable poorest section due to loss of livelihood. Also, different emergency service provider professions such as doctors, healthcare staff, police forces, volunteer organizations at the frontline, and bankers are at higher risk of infection and subsequently mentally stressed. Proper risk assessment of the pandemic and dependable risk communications to risk groups, multi-sectoral management taskforce development, transparency, and good governance with inter-ministerial coordination is required along with strengthening healthcare capacity was suggested to reduce mental and social stress causing a socioeconomic crisis of COVID-19 outbreak. Moreover, relief for the low-income population, proper biomedical waste management through incineration, and preparation for the possible natural disasters such as flood, cyclones, and another infectious disease such as dengue was suggested. Finally, this assessment process could help the government and policymakers to judge the public perceptions to deal with COVID-19 pandemic in densely populated lower-middle-income and limited-resource countries like Bangladesh."}, {"pmid": 32391746, "pmcid": "PMC7248595", "title": "Containment of COVID-19 cases among healthcare workers: The role of surveillance, early detection, and outbreak management.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wee, Liang En", "Sim, Xiang Ying Jean", "Conceicao, Edwin Philip", "Aung, May Kyawt", "Goh, Jia Qing", "Yeo, Dennis Wu Ting", "Gan, Wee Hoe", "Chua, Ying Ying", "Wijaya, Limin", "Tan, Thuan Tong", "Tan, Ban Hock", "Ling, Moi Lin", "Venkatachalam, Indumathi"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391746", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Staff surveillance is crucial during the containment phase of a pandemic to help reduce potential healthcare-associated transmission and sustain good staff morale. During an outbreak of SARS-COV-2 with community transmission, our institution used an integrated strategy for early detection and containment of COVID-19 cases among healthcare workers (HCWs). Our strategy comprised 3 key components: (1) enforcing reporting of HCWs with acute respiratory illness (ARI) to our institution's staff clinic for monitoring; (2) conducting ongoing syndromic surveillance to obtain early warning of potential clusters of COVID-19; and (3) outbreak investigation and management. Over a 16-week surveillance period, we detected 14 cases of COVID-19 among HCWs with ARI symptoms. Two of the cases were linked epidemiologically and thus constituted a COVID-19 cluster with intrahospital HCW-HCW transmission; we also detected 1 family cluster and 2 clusters among HCWs who shared accommodation. No transmission to HCWs or patients was detected after containment measures were instituted. Early detection minimized the number of HCWs requiring quarantine, hence preserving continuity of service during an ongoing pandemic. An integrated surveillance strategy, outbreak management, and encouraging individual responsibility were successful in early detection of clusters of COVID-19 among HCWs. With ongoing local transmission, vigilance must be maintained for intrahospital spread in nonclinical areas where social mingling of HCWs occurs. Because most individuals with COVID-19 have mild symptoms, addressing presenteeism is crucial to minimize potential staff and patient exposure."}, {"pmid": 32523144, "title": "Protocol for the prevention of ventricular arrhythmias due to treatment in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Cueva-Parra, Angel", "Neach-de-la-Vega, Diego", "Ortiz-Solis, William", "Fernandez-Domenech, Jose", "Lara-Aguilera, Selene", "Chi-Pool, Sandra", "Munoz-Benavides, Guillermo", "Bustillos-Garcia, Gabriela", "Marquez-Murillo, Manlio", "Gomez-Flores, Jorge", "Levinstein-Jacinto, Moises", "Mendoza-G, Celso", "Nava-Townsend, Santiago"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523144", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457055, "title": "Covid-19: Japan ends state of emergency but warns of \"new normal\".", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Looi, Mun-Keat"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457055", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32211789, "pmcid": "PMC7184333", "title": "The first locally acquired novel case of 2019-nCoV infection in a healthcare worker in the Paris area.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Klement, Elise", "Godefroy, Nagisa", "Burrel, Sonia", "Kornblum, Dimitri", "Monsel, Gentiane", "Bleibtreu, Alexandre", "Marcelin, Anne-Genevieve", "Calvez, Vincent", "Caumes, Eric", "Boutolleau, David", "Pourcher, Valerie"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211789", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386671, "pmcid": "PMC7183988", "title": "Management in oral and maxillofacial surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: Our experience.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Barca, Ida", "Cordaro, Raffaella", "Kallaverja, Elvis", "Ferragina, Francesco", "Cristofaro, Maria Giulia"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386671", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel \u03b2-coronavirus (2019-nCOV), identified in Wuhan City in late December 2019, is generating a rapid and tragic health emergency in Italy due to the need to provide assistance to an uncontrollable number of infected patients and, at the same time, treat all the non-deferrable oncological and traumatic maxillofacial conditions. This article summarises the clinical and surgical experience of Maxillofacial Surgery Unit of \"Magna Graecia\" University (Catanzaro -Italy) during the COVID-19 pandemic and would like to provide a number of recommendations that should facilitate the scheduling process of surgical activities during the COVID-19 pandemic and reduce the risk of infection among healthcare professionals."}, {"pmid": 32415242, "pmcid": "PMC7225630", "title": "A spike with which to beat COVID-19?", "journal": "Nat Rev Microbiol", "authors": ["Alam, Nawsad", "Higgins, Matthew K"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415242", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501020, "title": "Service-learning in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Emerging lessons from the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health at the University of Botswana.", "journal": "Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med", "authors": ["Tsima, Billy M", "Masupe, Tiny", "Setlhare, Vincent"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501020", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted many lives worldwide. Training programmes in academic institutions have also been affected by the pandemic. Teaching and learning family medicine and public health medicine in the COVID-19 era require adjustments to training activities. At the University of Botswana, the pandemic presented an opportunity to steer training programmes in the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Medicine more towards service-learning. The department collaborated with the Ministry of Health and Wellness as well as the District Health Management teams in the national response to the pandemic as essential service providers. The increased demands for service provision were balanced with educational opportunities for trainees during the COVID-19 public health emergency. Including structured ongoing reflections for trainees involved in the COVID-19 response helps to connect service and the academic curriculum."}, {"pmid": 32379381, "pmcid": "PMC7267415", "title": "Widening Disparities Among Patients with Rheumatic Diseases in the COVID-19 Era: An Urgent Call to Action.", "journal": "Arthritis Rheumatol", "authors": ["Feldman, Candace H", "Ramsey-Goldman, Rosalind"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379381", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent data from multiple public health departments across the U.S. highlighting the disproportionate burden of COVID-19 infections in vulnerable populations serve as an urgent call to action. As rheumatologists, we are acutely aware of the higher morbidity and mortality, and for a number of our diseases, the higher incidence and prevalence among racial/ethnic minorities and individuals of lower socioeconomic status (SES). Comorbidities are frequent, timely access to subspecialty care is limited, receipt of high quality care is less common, and care is more often fragmented with frequent, avoidable acute care use."}, {"pmid": 32391660, "title": "[Principles and suggestions on biosafety protection of biological specimen preservation during prevalence of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiaoyan", "Sun, Wei", "Shang, Shiqiang", "Mao, Jianhua", "Fu, Junfen", "Shu, Qiang", "Jiang, Kewen"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391660", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a grade B infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In pace with the spreading of the disease, biosafety risk of the biological specimen preservation in biobanks has been significantly increased and biosafety protection during biological specimen preservation become increasingly important. According to the related national rules and the corresponding guidelines of Chinese Medical Association, this paper introduced the etiology about SARS-CoV-2, epidemiology about COVID-19, and the biosafety protection principles of individuals and biological specimen storage places in the process of personal protection, protection of collection, transport, handling, preservation, detection, post-detection disposal and emergencies of biological specimen. Emphasized to carry out a strict biosafety-risk assessment on biological specimen basing on virus load information, infectivity, and sample type (possible contact transmission, aerosol transmission, and fecal oral transmission)."}, {"pmid": 32434816, "title": "Severe COVID-19 and related hyperferritinaemia: more than an innocent bystander?", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Ruscitti, Piero", "Berardicurti, Onorina", "Barile, Antonio", "Cipriani, Paola", "Shoenfeld, Yehuda", "Iagnocco, Annamaria", "Giacomelli, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434816", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364890, "title": "Evidence Supporting Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 While Presymptomatic or Asymptomatic.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Furukawa, Nathan W", "Brooks, John T", "Sobel, Jeremy"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364890", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent epidemiologic, virologic, and modeling reports support the possibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission from persons who are presymptomatic (SARS-CoV-2 detected before symptom onset) or asymptomatic (SARS-CoV-2 detected but symptoms never develop). SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the absence of symptoms reinforces the value of measures that prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by infected persons who may not exhibit illness despite being infectious. Critical knowledge gaps include the relative incidence of asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, the public health interventions that prevent asymptomatic transmission, and the question of whether asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection confers protective immunity."}, {"pmid": 32364692, "title": "Medical Education in Turkey in Time of COVID-19", "journal": "Balkan Med J", "authors": ["Tokuc, Burcu", "Varol, Gamze"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364692", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335177, "pmcid": "PMC7179502", "title": "The economics of infection prevention: why it is crucial to invest in hand hygiene and nurses during the novel coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Peters, Alexandra", "Lotfinejad, Nasim", "Simniceanu, Alice", "Pittet, Didier"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335177", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379319, "pmcid": "PMC7239172", "title": "Letter: Evaluation and Surgical Treatment of Functional Neurosurgery Patients With Implanted Deep Brain Stimulation and Vagus Nerve Stimulation Pulse Generators During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Gross, Robert E", "Buetefisch, Cathrin M", "Miocinovic, Svjetlana", "Bullinger, Katie L", "Okun, Michael S", "Ostrem, Jill L", "Foote, Kelly D", "Starr, Phillip A"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379319", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383969, "title": "Segmental Pulmonary Vascular Changes in COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Parry, Arshed Hussain", "Wani, Abdul Haseeb"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383969", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346678, "pmcid": "PMC7156792", "title": "Editorial: Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Gerontological Social Work.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Berg-Weger, M", "Morley, J E"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346678", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372809, "pmcid": "PMC7195036", "title": "Facing two deadly viruses.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Yeung, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372809", "countries": ["Congo"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As covid-19 begins to take hold, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has detected its first new Ebola cases in months, reports Peter Yeung."}, {"pmid": 32397940, "pmcid": "PMC7256349", "title": "Identification of bioactive molecules from tea plant as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Bhardwaj, Vijay Kumar", "Singh, Rahul", "Sharma, Jatin", "Rajendran, Vidya", "Purohit, Rituraj", "Kumar, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397940", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19 pandemic that is causing a global health emergency. The lack of targeted therapeutics and limited treatment options have triggered the scientific community to develop new vaccines or small molecule therapeutics against various targets of SARS-CoV-2. The main protease (Mpro) is a well characterized and attractive drug target because of its crucial role in processing of the polyproteins which are required for viral replication. In order to provide potential lead molecules against the Mpro for clinical use, we docked a set of 65 bioactive molecules of Tea plant followed by exploration of the vast conformational space of protein-ligand complexes by long term molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (1.50\u2009\u00b5s). Top three bioactive molecules (Oolonghomobisflavan-A, Theasinensin-D, and Theaflavin-3-O-gallate) were selected by comparing their docking scores with repurposed drugs (Atazanavir, Darunavir, and Lopinavir) against SARS-CoV-2. Oolonghomobisflavan-A molecule showed a good number of hydrogen bonds with Mpro and higher MM-PBSA binding energy when compared to all three repurposed drug molecules. during the time of simulation. This study showed Oolonghomobisflavan-A as a potential bioactive molecule to act as an inhibitor for the Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. [Formula: see text]Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32434706, "title": "Comparison of Cepheid Xpert Xpress and Abbott ID Now to Roche cobas for the Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Smithgall, Marie C", "Scherberkova, Ioana", "Whittier, Susan", "Green, Daniel A"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434706", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has created an urgent and unprecedented need for rapid large-scale diagnostic testing to inform timely patient management. However, robust data are lacking on the relative performance of available rapid molecular tests across a full range of viral concentrations. This study aimed to compare two recently-authorized rapid tests, Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 and Abbott ID Now SARS-CoV-2, to the Roche cobas SARS-CoV-2 assay for samples with low, medium, and high viral concentrations. A total of 113 nasopharyngeal swabs from remnant patient samples were tested, including 88 positives spanning the full range of observed Ct values on the cobas assay. Compared to cobas, the overall positive agreement was 73.9% with ID Now and 98.9% with Xpert. Negative agreement was 100% and 92.0% for ID Now and Xpert, respectively. Both ID Now and Xpert showed 100% positive agreement for medium and high viral concentrations (Ct value <30). However, for Ct values >30, positive agreement was 34.3% for ID Now and 97.1% for Xpert. While Xpert showed high agreement with cobas across a wide range of viral concentrations, this study highlights an important limitation of ID Now for specimens collected in viral or universal transport media with low viral concentrations. Further studies are needed to evaluate the performance of ID Now for direct swabs."}, {"pmid": 32184128, "pmcid": "PMC7195522", "title": "Is Romania ready to face the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak? The role of incoming travelers and that of Romanian diaspora.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gherghel, Iulian", "Bulai, Mihai"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184128", "countries": ["Romania"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462841, "title": "[Obesity and risk of severe COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Scheen, Andre J"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462841", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Obesity represents a higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection, which may lead to the requirement of a mechanical ventilation in intensive care units and premature death. The underlying mechanisms are multiple: alteration of the respiratory performance, presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension or obstructive sleep apnea, finally inadequate and excessive immunological responses, possibly aggravated by ectopic intrathoracic fat depots. Thus, COVID-19 may challenge the so-called \u00ab\u2005obesity paradox\u2005\u00bb commonly reported by intensivists in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. These findings require reinforced preventive and curative measures among obese patients to limit the risk of progression towards an unfavorable outcome in case of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32234713, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors still at \"considerable risk\" from lack of PPE, BMA warns.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234713", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516624, "title": "Readability of online patient education material for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a cross-sectional health literacy study.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Szmuda, T", "Ozdemir, C", "Ali, S", "Singh, A", "Syed, M T", "Sloniewski, P"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516624", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The internet has become one of the most important resources for the general population when searching for healthcare information. However, the information available is not always suitable for all readers because of its difficult readability. We sought to assess the readability of online information regarding the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and establish whether they follow the patient educational information reading level recommendations. This is a cross-sectional study. We searched five key terms on Google and the first 30 results from each of the searches were considered for analysis. Five validated readability tests were utilized to establish the reading level for each article. Of the 150 gathered articles, 61 met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated. None (0%) of the articles met the recommended 5th to 6th grade reading level (of an 11-12-year-old). The mean readability scores were Flesch Reading Ease 44.14, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level 12.04, Gunning-Fog Index 14.27, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook SMOG Index 10.71, and Coleman-Liau Index 12.69. Online educational articles on COVID-19 provide information too difficult to read for the general population. The readability of articles regarding COVID-19 and other diseases needs to improve so that the general population may understand health information better and may respond adequately to protect themselves and limit the spread of infection."}, {"pmid": 32499220, "title": "Protecting hard-won gains for mothers and newborns in low-income and middle-income countries in the face of COVID-19: call for a service safety net.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Graham, Wendy Jane", "Afolabi, Bosede", "Benova, Lenka", "Campbell, Oona Maeve Renee", "Filippi, Veronique", "Nakimuli, Annettee", "Penn-Kekana, Loveday", "Sharma, Gaurav", "Okomo, Uduak", "Valongueiro, Sandra", "Waiswa, Peter", "Ronsmans, Carine"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499220", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425490, "pmcid": "PMC7231732", "title": "[Emotional management of the health crisis by coronavirus: A narrative review].", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Brito-Brito, Pedro Ruyman", "Fernandez-Gutierrez, Domingo Angel", "Cuellar-Pompa, Leticia"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To make a synthesis of the available scientific evidence in the emotional management of the declared health crisis in the face of coronavirus. A bibliographic search was made, without date limit, in Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science databases using the following keywords: \"emotional management\"; \"health crisis\" and \"health crisis response\". Initially; 73 studies were identified and; after selecting them according to eligibility criteria; 10 were included. The main recommendations based on the available evidence indicate emotional management measures such as offering support groups to professionals, ensuring their social non-discrimination, strengthening their confidence and control capacity through training actions, as well as reinforcing the recognition of nurses by the community. The accumulated evidence comes from experience with previous outbreaks of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. Stress was the most studied aspect, concerning issues such as social stigma, professionalism, intention to care, burnout, ethical conflicts, anxiety, depression or guilt. The emotional management of health crises in the face of the coronavirus requires an individual, collective, social and institutional strategy to reinforce security on all fronts and reduce fear through effective control measures using sufficient and adequate material and human resources."}, {"pmid": 32516622, "title": "Protecting health workers' mental health during COVID-19.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Armitage, R", "Nellums, L B"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516622", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300051, "pmcid": "PMC7204613", "title": "Insights from immuno-oncology: the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer Statement on access to IL-6-targeting therapies for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Immunother Cancer", "authors": ["Ascierto, Paolo Antonio", "Fox, Bernard A", "Urba, Walter J", "Anderson, Ana Carrizosa", "Atkins, Michael B", "Borden, Ernest C", "Brahmer, Julie R", "Butterfield, Lisa H", "Cesano, Alessandra", "Chen, Daniel C", "de Gruijl, Tanja D", "Dillman, Robert O", "Drake, Charles G", "Emens, Leisha A", "Gajewski, Thomas F", "Gulley, James L", "Stephen Hodi, F Jr", "Hwu, Patrick", "Kaufman, David", "Kaufman, Howard L", "Lotze, Michael T", "McNeel, Douglas G", "Margolin, Kim M", "Marincola, Francesco M", "Mastrangelo, Michael J", "Maus, Marcela V", "Parkinson, David R", "Romero, Pedro J", "Sondel, Paul M", "Spranger, Stefani", "Sznol, Mario", "Weiner, George J", "Wigginton, Jon M", "Weber, Jeffrey S"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300051", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503620, "pmcid": "PMC7273823", "title": "Adding Colchicine to the Antiretroviral Medication - Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) in Hospitalized Patients with Non-Severe Covid-19 Pneumonia: A Structured Summary of a Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Dalili, Nooshin", "Kashefizadeh, Alireza", "Nafar, Mohsen", "Poorrezagholi, Fatemeh", "Firouzan, Ahmad", "Samadian, Fariba", "Samavat, Shiva", "Ziaie, Shadi", "Fatemizadeh, Somayeh"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503620", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Colchicine is a well-known drug, which has been used for years to treat a wide range of rheumatic and inflammatory disorders. It helps break the cycle of inflammation through diverse mechanisms including reducing Intereukin-6, Interleukin-8, Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha besides controlling oxidative stress pathways which all are important and pathologic components in the clinical course and outcome of patients infected with COVID-19. This study aims to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of colchicine in non-severe hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Prospective, randomized (1:1 ratio), double blind study with parallel group design. Hospitalized patients with positive nasopharyngeal swab for COVID-19 infection (RT -PCR) and lung Computed tomography scan involvement compatible with COVID-19 pneumonia. The patients are not severely hypoxic, do not need intubation or invasive oxygenation. known hypersensitivity to colchicine; known hepatic failure; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<30 ml/min/1.73m2 (by the CKD-EPI Creatinine Equation for Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) which estimates GFR based on serum creatinine. ; kidney transplant recipients, using Digoxin, QTc >450 msec. Participants will be recruited from inpatients at Labbafinejad Meidcal Center , Tehran, Iran. Eligible enrolled patients will be randomized into two groups. Group A will receive the antiretroviral Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) while group B will receive Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) + Colchicine 1.5 mg loading then 0.5 mg twice daily orally. All patients in both groups will receive the same amounts of essential minerals, vitamins as antioxidants, and antibiotics. Patients of both groups will be treated under optimal treatment based on the CDC and WHO guidelines and national consensus proposed in Iran including the same dosages of Lopinavir/Ritonavir, antibiotics, trace elements and antioxidants while only in group-B patients Colchicine will be added on top of this protocol. Primary: Time for clinical improvement and lung CT score changes 14 days after treatment. Secondary: 14 days after treatment - C-Reactive Protein test x Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio , Interleukin-6, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels reduction - Percentage of patients who require supplemental Oxygen - Mean hospital stay length RANDOMISATION: Patients will be allocated to each group (ratio 1:1) by using an online randomization tool: http://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/index.cfm BLINDING (MASKING): This will be a double-blind study in which participants and those assessing the final outcomes will be blinded to group assignment. Regarding the pandemic crisis and our center capacity to hospitalize confirmed COVID-19 patients, a total of 80 patients was found to be logical to be randomized into two groups of 40- patients. Recruitment is ongoing. Recruitment began on 20/03/2020 and the date by which the recruitment is anticipated to be completed is 30/05/2020. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04360980, registered 24/04/2020. The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32488724, "pmcid": "PMC7265876", "title": "Endocrine complications of COVID-19: what happens to the thyroid and adrenal glands?", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Bellastella, G", "Maiorino, M I", "Esposito, K"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488724", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501175, "title": "The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on domestic violence: The dark side of home isolation during quarantine.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Sacco, Matteo Antonio", "Caputo, Fiorella", "Ricci, Pietrantonio", "Sicilia, Francesco", "De Aloe, Luigi", "Bonetta, Carlo Filippo", "Cordasco, Fabrizio", "Scalise, Carmen", "Cacciatore, Giulia", "Zibetti, Angelica", "Gratteri, Santo", "Aquila, Isabella"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501175", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Domestic violence is a global public health problem. It takes many different forms and leads to significant physical and psychological consequences for the victim and the whole family. Situations that may prompt episodes of violence in the family include stress, emotional disappointment, economic factors, bad and cramped housing, and alcohol or drug abuse. How does the government's forced home isolation to contain Covid-19 infections impact on this type of abuse? Numerous articles have reported a decrease in reports of domestic violence since quarantine began but how reliable is these data? Is it a potential wake-up call for public institutions? We discuss the risks associated with quarantine measures during the pandemic and suggest the measures to prevent and improve the reporting of abuse cases."}, {"pmid": 32429747, "title": "Adapting a Comfort Care Order Set in a Large Health System during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Dingfield, Laura E", "Flores, Emilia J", "Radcliff, Jacob A", "Stamm, Rebecca", "Uritsky, Tanya J"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429747", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527955, "title": "COVID-19 in patients with sickle cell disease - a case series from a UK Tertiary Hospital.", "journal": "Haematologica", "authors": ["Chakravorty, Subarna", "Padmore-Payne, Giselle", "Ike, Fester", "Tshibangu, Virginia", "Graham, Charlotte", "Rees, David", "Stuart-Smith, Sara"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527955", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281144, "pmcid": "PMC7262094", "title": "Is it ethical to be a 'whistleblower' during COVID-19 pandemic? Ethical challenges confronted by health care workers in China.", "journal": "J Adv Nurs", "authors": ["Zhu, Junhong"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281144", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450476, "pmcid": "PMC7236686", "title": "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in COVID-19 patients - To do or not to?", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kapoor, Indu", "Prabhakar, Hemanshu", "Mahajan, Charu"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450476", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388221, "pmcid": "PMC7151482", "title": "Nursing's response to COVID-19: Lessons learned from SARS in Taiwan.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Stud", "authors": ["Tsay, Shwu-Feng", "Kao, Ching-Chiu", "Wang, Hsiu-Hung", "Lin, Chia-Chin"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388221", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289175, "pmcid": "PMC7262354", "title": "Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Khoo, Erwin J", "Lantos, John D"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289175", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443024, "pmcid": "PMC7273941", "title": "Addendum to: Risk Stratification and Personal Protective Equipment Use in Pediatric Endoscopy During the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Single-center Protocol.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Say, Daphne S", "de Lorimier, Arthur", "Lammers, Cathleen R", "Natale, JoAnne", "Lakshminrusimha, Satyan", "Wiedeman, Jean", "Partridge, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443024", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426222, "pmcid": "PMC7227522", "title": "The Ethics of COVID-19 Clinical Trials: New Considerations in a Controversial Area.", "journal": "Integr Med Res", "authors": ["Han, Zhenzhen", "Wang, Junting", "Zhang, Kai", "Tang, Qilin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426222", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463459, "pmcid": "PMC7256862", "title": "Prescription Fill Patterns for Commonly Used Drugs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Vaduganathan, Muthiah", "van Meijgaard, Jeroen", "Mehra, Mandeep R", "Joseph, Jacob", "O'Donnell, Christopher J", "Warraich, Haider J"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463459", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342336, "pmcid": "PMC7186114", "title": "Prevention and Control of COVID-19 in Chronic Kidney Disease.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Feng, Shipin", "Xie, Min", "Luo, Wei", "Wang, Li", "Guo, Limin", "Wu, Ying", "Liu, Jun", "Duan, Qinwei", "Yang, Qin", "Li, Jia", "Liu, Xi", "Zhu, Rong"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267485, "pmcid": "PMC7142799", "title": "Screening and Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children in Madrid, Spain.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Tagarro, Alfredo", "Epalza, Cristina", "Santos, Mar", "Sanz-Santaeufemia, Francisco Jose", "Otheo, Enrique", "Moraleda, Cinta", "Calvo, Cristina"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267485", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374000, "title": "An update on the status of COVID-19: a comprehensive review.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Zhao, N", "Zhou, Z-L", "Wu, L", "Zhang, X-D", "Han, S-B", "Bao, H-J", "Shu, Y", "Shu, X-G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374000", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The last two decades have witnessed two large-scale pandemics caused by coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). At the end of 2019, another novel coronavirus, designated as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), hit Wuhan, a city in the center of China, and subsequently spread rapidly to the whole world. Latest reports revealed that more than 800 thousand people in over 200 countries are involved in the epidemic disease by SARS-CoV-2. Due to the high mortality rate and the lack of optimum therapeutics, it is crucial to understand the biological characteristics of the virus and its possible pathogenesis to respond to the SARS-CoV-2. Rapid diagnostics and effective therapeutics are also important interventions for the management of infection control. However, the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2 exerted tremendous challenges on its diagnostics and therapeutics. Therefore, there is an urgent need to summarize the existing research results to guide decision-making on the prioritization of resources for research and development. In this review, we focus on our current understanding of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32442317, "title": "The case for Chronotherapy in COVID-19 induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Tamimi, Faleh", "Abusamak, Mohammad", "Akkanti, Bindu", "Chen, Zheng", "Yoo, Seung-Hee", "Karmouty-Quintana, Harry"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442317", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the disease resulting from infection by a novel coronavirus: SARS-Cov2 that has rapidly spread since November 2019 leading to a global pandemic. SARS-Cov2 has infected over 4 million people and caused over 290,000 deaths worldwide. Although most cases are mild, a subset of patients develop a severe and atypical presentation of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) that is characterised by a cytokine release storm (CRS). Paradoxically, treatment with anti-inflammatory agents and immune regulators has been associated with worsening of ARDS. We hypothesize that the intrinsic circadian clock of the lung and the immune system may regulate individual components of CRS and thus chronotherapy may be used to effectively manage ARDS in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32273611, "pmcid": "PMC7144578", "title": "A framework for identifying regional outbreak and spread of COVID-19 from one-minute population-wide surveys.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Rossman, Hagai", "Keshet, Ayya", "Shilo, Smadar", "Gavrieli, Amir", "Bauman, Tal", "Cohen, Ori", "Shelly, Esti", "Balicer, Ran", "Geiger, Benjamin", "Dor, Yuval", "Segal, Eran"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273611", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281555, "pmcid": "PMC7153961", "title": "The Fast Territorial Expansion of COVID-19 in Spain.", "journal": "J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Perez-Bermejo, Marcelino", "Murillo-Llorente, Maria Teresa"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281555", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473921, "pmcid": "PMC7255985", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine for Covid-19 - When the pandemic runs faster than research.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Frigerio, Maria"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473921", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380508, "title": "Neonatal emergency transport system during COVID-19 pandemic in the Veneto Region: proposal for standard operating procedures.", "journal": "Pediatr Res", "authors": ["Cavicchiolo, Maria Elena", "Doglioni, Nicoletta", "Ventola, Mariela Adriana", "Biban, Paolo", "Baraldi, Eugenio", "Trevisanuto, Daniele"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380508", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215896, "title": "[The COVID-19 pandemic and otolaryngology: What it comes down to?]", "journal": "Laryngorhinootologie", "authors": ["Luers, Jan-Christoffer", "Klussmann, Jens Peter", "Guntinas-Lichius, Orlando"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215896", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Here, we review the most recent findings on the effects COVID-19 pandemic for the work of otolaryngologists. The role of anosmia and hyposmia as a potential COVID-19 related symptom is presented. We discuss the clinical management of all ENT patients, but especially of COVID-19 patients from the ENT perspective. The impact of the infection on the ENT examination and ENT surgery is summarized."}, {"pmid": 32375446, "title": "[Individualized treatment recommendations for lung cancer patients at different stages of treatment during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease].", "journal": "Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhao, Z", "Bai, H", "Duan, J C", "Wang, J"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375446", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In order to achieve the overall victory over 2019 novel coronavirus disease epidemic, especially to prevent the disease recurrence from rebounding during the resumption of labor, the government has not loosened any control of personnel mobility, which has obviously affected the normal examination and treatment of lung cancer patients under the influence of this epidemic. During the epidemic period, cancer patients with low immunity levels face the double ordeals of disease and epidemic situation. Compared with the general population, they are more likely to be infected with the new coronavirus. Among the infected cancer patients, lung cancer is the most common type. It is necessary to provide more appropriate individualized treatment recommendations for patients with lung cancer based on the epidemic situation of the patient's location and in combination with the patient's own condition. Through active prevention of infection, timely conversion of treatment strategies, online and offline joint control, and positive psychological counseling, we do our best to help patients with lung cancer to survive this difficult period."}, {"pmid": 32149486, "title": "[COVID-19 with post-chemotherapy agranulocytosis in childhood acute leukemia: a case report].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, Z", "Xiong, H", "Li, J X", "Li, H", "Tao, F", "Yang, Y T", "Wu, B", "Tang, W", "Teng, J X", "Fu, Q", "Yang, L"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149486", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407746, "pmcid": "PMC7214308", "title": "Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in 2019 novel coronavirus: A meta-analysis.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Wang, Xiang", "Wang, Shoujun", "Sun, Liangge", "Qin, Guijun"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407746", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a new strain ofcoronavirus named 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has been discovered in Wuhan. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, which is a great public health issue leading to immunity inhibition and anincreased incidenceofinfections, has been increasing over the past ten years. The aim of this research was to systematically assess the prevalence of diabetes mellitus among 2019-nCoV. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Medline for observational studies up to February 25, 2020. A random effects model or fixed-effects model was applied to evaluate the pooled prevalence of diabetes mellitus and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). In total, nine papers met the eligibility criteria. The pooled prevalence of DM was 9% (95% CI 6%-12%). There was obvious heterogeneity (I2 65%, p\u00a0=\u00a00.004) in the prevalence of DM in these studies. The prevalence of DM in moderate patients with 2019-nCoV was 7% (95% CI 4%-10%). The prevalence of DM in severe patients with 2019-nCoV was 17% (95% CI 13%-21%). The prevalence of DM in severe patients with 2019-nCoV was significantly higher than that in moderate patients with 2019-nCoV (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.70 to 3.64). To our knowledge, this work is the first report showing the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in patients with 2019-nCoV, which is beneficial to prevent the spread of 2019-nCoV in the future."}, {"pmid": 32479992, "pmcid": "PMC7256562", "title": "Identifying causal role of COVID-19 in immunopsychiatry models.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Horn, Sarah R", "Weston, Sara J", "Fisher, Philip A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479992", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236301, "title": "Coronavirus 2020.", "journal": "Rev Bras Enferm", "authors": ["Belasco, Angelica Goncalves Silva", "Fonseca, Cassiane Dezoti da"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236301", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499056, "pmcid": "PMC7260517", "title": "COVID-19, economic impact and child mortality: A global concern.", "journal": "Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Kabir, Mahvish", "Saqib, Muhammad Arif Nadeem", "Zaid, Muhammad", "Ahmed, Haroon", "Afzal, Muhammad Sohail"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499056", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205334, "title": "Covid-19: identifying and isolating asymptomatic people helped eliminate virus in Italian village.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205334", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398216, "title": "Monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa: focusing on health facility admissions and deaths.", "journal": "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis", "authors": ["Harries, A D", "Martinez, L", "Chakaya, J M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355299, "title": "Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["Bavel, Jay J Van", "Baicker, Katherine", "Boggio, Paulo S", "Capraro, Valerio", "Cichocka, Aleksandra", "Cikara, Mina", "Crockett, Molly J", "Crum, Alia J", "Douglas, Karen M", "Druckman, James N", "Drury, John", "Dube, Oeindrila", "Ellemers, Naomi", "Finkel, Eli J", "Fowler, James H", "Gelfand, Michele", "Han, Shihui", "Haslam, S Alexander", "Jetten, Jolanda", "Kitayama, Shinobu", "Mobbs, Dean", "Napper, Lucy E", "Packer, Dominic J", "Pennycook, Gordon", "Peters, Ellen", "Petty, Richard E", "Rand, David G", "Reicher, Stephen D", "Schnall, Simone", "Shariff, Azim", "Skitka, Linda J", "Smith, Sandra Susan", "Sunstein, Cass R", "Tabri, Nassim", "Tucker, Joshua A", "Linden, Sander van der", "Lange, Paul van", "Weeden, Kim A", "Wohl, Michael J A", "Zaki, Jamil", "Zion, Sean R", "Willer, Robb"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355299", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic represents a massive global health crisis. Because the crisis requires large-scale behaviour change and places significant psychological burdens on individuals, insights from the social and behavioural sciences can be used to help align human behaviour with the recommendations of epidemiologists and public health experts. Here we discuss evidence from a selection of research topics relevant to pandemics, including work on navigating threats, social and cultural influences on behaviour, science communication, moral decision-making, leadership, and stress and coping. In each section, we note the nature and quality of prior research, including uncertainty and unsettled issues. We identify several insights for effective response to the COVID-19 pandemic and highlight important gaps researchers should move quickly to fill in the coming weeks and months."}, {"pmid": 32448084, "title": "Analytical comparisons of SARS-COV-2 detection by qRT-PCR and ddPCR with multiple primer/probe sets.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Xinjin", "Feng, Jiangpeng", "Zhang, Qiuhan", "Guo, Dong", "Zhang, Lu", "Suo, Tao", "Hu, Wenjia", "Guo, Ming", "Wang, Xin", "Huang, Zhixiang", "Xiong, Yong", "Chen, Guozhong", "Chen, Yu", "Lan, Ke"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448084", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Different primers/probes sets have been developed all over the world for the nucleic acid detection of SARS-CoV-2 by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) as a standard method. In our recent study, we explored the feasibility of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for clinical SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection compared with qRT-PCR using the same primer/probe sets issued by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) targeting viral ORF1ab or N gene, which showed that ddPCR could largely minimize the false negatives reports resulted by qRT-PCR [Suo T, Liu X, Feng J, et al. ddPCR: a more sensitive and accurate tool for SARS-CoV-2 detection in low viral load specimens. medRxiv [Internet]. 2020;2020.02.29.20029439. Available from: https://medrxiv.org/content/early/2020/03/06/2020.02.29.20029439.abstract]. Here, we further stringently compared the performance of qRT-PCR and ddPCR for 8 primer/probe sets with the same clinical samples and conditions. Results showed that none of 8 primer/probe sets used in qRT-PCR could significantly distinguish true negatives and positives with low viral load (10-4 dilution). Moreover, false positive reports of qRT-PCR with UCDC-N1, N2 and CCDC-N primers/probes sets were observed. In contrast, ddPCR showed significantly better performance in general for low viral load samples compared to qRT-PCR. Remarkably, the background readouts of ddPCR are relatively lower, which could efficiently reduce the production of false positive reports."}, {"pmid": 32461495, "title": "Comments on: Tool kit for survival: How to run and manage ophthalmic practices during the difficult time of COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Bagrecha, Nipun", "Kothari, Abhishek R"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461495", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489027, "title": "[Recent advances in treatment of viral pneumonia using Chinese patent medicine].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Tao", "Han, Li-Feng", "Wang, Yue-Fei", "Miao, Lin", "Yang, Jian", "Zhang, Jun-Hua", "Gao, Xiu-Mei", "Zhang, Bo-Li"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489027", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viral pneumonia is caused by a spreading of lung infection caused by respiratory viruses. Some virus infections were found to be highly aggressive, leading to lung inflammation and severe damage in respiratory system with high fatality rate. Currently, there is no effective therapeutic drugs in the clinic. The common clinical symptoms of viral pneumonias include fever, rhinitis, runny nose, nonproductive cough, fatigue, myalgias and headaches after the immune system being tricked by driving cytokines and overactivated immune response induced by cytokine storms. Patients with severe symptoms could get persistent high fever, dysfunctional breathing, consciousness disorders and even respiratory failure, post-inflammatory pulmonary fibrosis, multi-organ damages, shock and so on. Most clinical treatments are used to inhibit virus replication, relieve symptoms, inhibit excessive inflammatory response, regulate immune balance and protect organs. Both applied and basic research demonstrate that Chinese patent medicine has certain anti-viral effects, effectively inhibiting viral pneumonia transiting from mild to severe, rapid relieving of patient symptoms because of their multi-component and multi-target integrated roles. This review has summarized the reports on the treatment of viral pneumonia. Based on the pathogenic characteristics of viral pneumonia, this paper summarizes the diverse roles of the marketed Chinese patent medicine, such as their effects in inhibiting the progress of viral replication and overactivated inflammatory response, regulating immune balance, attenuating pulmonary fibrosis and so forth. Our paper summarizes the advantages of Chinese patient medicine in the treatment of viral pneumonia, based on which improvements of clinical therapy are expected to be made soon."}, {"pmid": 32387821, "pmcid": "PMC7175877", "title": "Lockdown, one, two, none, or smart. Modeling containing covid-19 infection. A conceptual model.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ibarra-Vega, Danny"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387821", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A mathematical model has been created with the Systems Dynamics methodology. It is based on a SIR model, with the addition of auxiliary and state variables that represent hospital capacity, contacts, contacts with infected, deaths, giving, as a result, a model of four stock variables. Similarly, using piecewise functions, it was possible to model the \"quarantines\" or lockdowns, and the effectiveness of reduction in the contacts, Results show the decrease in infected people due to the quarantines. The model was simulated for a population of 100,000. The simulations show trends of infections that could occur in three different scenarios: A) one extended lockdown (60\u00a0days), B) two medium lockdowns of 30\u00a0days, with a 30-day smart lockdown space, and C) an initial 40-day lockdown and then a 30-day smart lockdown. All the lockdowns start on day 25 after the first reported infection. The model presents a compact structure of broad understanding and successful capture of a COVID-19 outbreak and therefore provides an overview to improve knowledge of outbreak trends and quarantine effectiveness in reducing infection."}, {"pmid": 32406958, "pmcid": "PMC7267118", "title": "COVID-19 reinforces the importance of handwashing.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Alzyood, Mamdooh", "Jackson, Debra", "Aveyard, Helen", "Brooke, Joanne"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406958", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243722, "pmcid": "PMC7167841", "title": "Lessons unfolding from pediatric cases of COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Yonker, Lael M", "Shen, Kunling", "Kinane, T Bernard"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243722", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413619, "pmcid": "PMC7211630", "title": "beta-Glucan extracts from the same edible shiitake mushroom Lentinus edodes produce differential in-vitro immunomodulatory and pulmonary cytoprotective effects - Implications for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) immunotherapies.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Murphy, Emma J", "Masterson, Claire", "Rezoagli, Emanuele", "O'Toole, Daniel", "Major, Ian", "Stack, Gary D", "Lynch, Mark", "Laffey, John G", "Rowan, Neil J"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413619", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus pneumonia is accompanied by rapid virus replication, where a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokine storm may lead to acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and death. The uncontrolled release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-6, is associated with ARDS. This constituted the first study to report on the variability in physicochemical properties of \u03b2-glucans extracts from the same edible mushroom Lentinus edodes on the reduction of these pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Specifically, the impact on the immunomodulatory and cytoprotective properties of our novel in 'house' (IH-Lentinan, IHL) and a commercial (Carbosynth-Lentinan, CL) Lentinan extract were investigated using in vitro models of lung injury and macrophage phagocytosis. CL comprised higher amounts of \u03b1-glucans and correspondingly less \u03b2-glucans. The two lentinan extracts demonstrated varying immunomodulatory activities. Both Lentinan extracts reduced cytokine-induced NF-\u03baB activation in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells, with the IHL extract proving more effective at lower doses. In contrast, in activated THP-1 derived macrophages, the CL extract more effectively attenuated pro-inflammatory cytokine production (TNF-\u03b1, IL-8, IL-2, IL-6, IL-22) as well as TGF-\u03b2 and IL-10. The CL extract attenuated oxidative stress-induced early apoptosis, while the IHL extract attenuated late apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate significant physicochemical differences between Lentinan extracts, which produce differential in vitro immunomodulatory and pulmonary cytoprotective effects that may also have positive relevance to candidate COVID-19 therapeutics targeting cytokine storm."}, {"pmid": 32409520, "title": "Probable congenital SARS-CoV-2 infection in a neonate born to a woman with active SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Kirtsman, Maksim", "Diambomba, Yenge", "Poutanen, Susan M", "Malinowski, Ann K", "Vlachodimitropoulou, Evangelia", "Parks, W Tony", "Erdman, Laura", "Morris, Shaun K", "Shah, Prakesh S"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409520", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452941, "title": "Essential Case Management Practices Amidst the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: Part 1: Tele-Case Management, Surge Capacity, Discharge Planning, and Transitions of Care.", "journal": "Prof Case Manag", "authors": ["Tahan, Hussein M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452941", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is the first of a 2-part article that discusses essential case management practices and strategies amidst the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The series showcases the potential professional case managers have in support of managing during a crisis such as this global pandemic. Part I discusses reenvisioned roles and responsibilities of case managers and leaders known to address patients' needs during a crisis, with a special focus on telehealth, tele-case management, surge capacity, redeployment, discharge planning, and transitions of care. Applicable to the various case management practice settings across the continuum of health and human services, especially acute care. The COVID-19 global pandemic crisis has brought an unprecedented challenge to professional case managers and health care professionals. It also has provided opportunities for innovation and partnerships within and across health care organizations and the various care settings where patients/support systems access necessary services. Most importantly, it created a renewed interest in telehealth and facilitated a wider adoption of such approach to care delivery than ever before. This pandemic has also increased the use of nontraditional sites of care, most importantly those that operate virtually on electronic networks and health information system technologies such as remote visits, e-visits, virtual care, and tele-monitoring. Undoubtedly, these have provided new opportunities for tele-case management services and roles for professional case managers in the virtual world of health and human service delivery. Professional case managers are integral members of interprofessional health care teams. Their roles are even more necessary during a global pandemic such as COVID-19. The practice of case management will forever change-for the better. The experience of this crisis in health care has brought about ever-lasting implications for case management professionals. It has raised awareness to sites of care never were as popular before, resulting in an increased need and recognition for tele-case management practice and virtual case managers. It has also forced partnerships and collaborations among the diverse contexts of health care organizations (public, private, or both) and other industries, regardless of whether directly involved in the delivery of care or having a support service role. These new and innovative approaches in the provision of care and case management services will without a doubt become routine expectations beyond the current pandemic period. Of special note are the enhanced roles of case managers in discharge planning and transitions of care."}, {"pmid": 32265510, "pmcid": "PMC7136748", "title": "Survey of ophthalmology practitioners in A&E on current COVID-19 guidance at three Major UK Eye Hospitals.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Minocha, Amal", "Sim, Sing Yue", "Than, Jonathan", "Vakros, Georgios"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265510", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327218, "pmcid": "PMC7159858", "title": "COVID-19 and rhinology: A look at the future.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Setzen, Michael", "Svider, Peter F", "Pollock, Kim"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327218", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has created a deadly pandemic that is now significantly impacting the United States. Otolaryngologists are considered high risk for contracting disease, as the virus resides in the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, and oropharynx. While valuable work has been publicized regarding several topics in Rhinology, we discuss other aspects of our specialty in further detail. There are several issues regarding Rhinologic practice that need to be clarified both for the current epidemic as well as for future expected \"waves.\" In addition, as the pandemic dies down, guidelines are needed to optimize safe practices as we start seeing more patients again. These include protocols pertinent to safety, in-office Rhinologic procedures, the substitution of imaging for endoscopy, and understanding the appropriate role of telemedicine. We discuss these aspects of Rhinology as well as practical concerns relating to telemedicine and billing, as these issues take on increasing importance for Rhinologists both in the present and the future."}, {"pmid": 32274354, "pmcid": "PMC7117882", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 in Romania - situation update and containment strategies.", "journal": "Germs", "authors": ["Streinu-Cercel, Adrian"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274354", "countries": ["Romania"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525560, "title": "Transforming a research institute into a COVID diagnostic centre - scientists step forward to protect public health during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "FEBS Lett", "authors": ["Ruffell, Daniela"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525560", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Let's face it: COVID-19 caught us unprepared. Virologists had abundantly described the mutagenic nature of viruses and their potential infectivity. And yet, mankind was surprised by the sudden appearance of SARS-CoV-2. We saw what happened in China and watched the coronavirus spread through countries, but we were slow in reacting."}, {"pmid": 32404436, "title": "TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes.", "journal": "Sci Immunol", "authors": ["Zang, Ruochen", "Gomez Castro, Maria Florencia", "McCune, Broc T", "Zeng, Qiru", "Rothlauf, Paul W", "Sonnek, Naomi M", "Liu, Zhuoming", "Brulois, Kevin F", "Wang, Xin", "Greenberg, Harry B", "Diamond, Michael S", "Ciorba, Matthew A", "Whelan, Sean P J", "Ding, Siyuan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404436", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA are frequently observed in COVID-19 patients. However, it is unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the human intestine and contributes to possible fecal-oral transmission. Here, we report productive infection of SARS-CoV-2 in ACE2+ mature enterocytes in human small intestinal enteroids. Expression of two mucosa-specific serine proteases, TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4, facilitated SARS-CoV-2 spike fusogenic activity and promoted virus entry into host cells. We also demonstrate that viruses released into the intestinal lumen were inactivated by simulated human colonic fluid, and infectious virus was not recovered from the stool specimens of COVID-19 patients. Our results highlight the intestine as a potential site of SARS-CoV-2 replication, which may contribute to local and systemic illness and overall disease progression."}, {"pmid": 32330635, "pmcid": "PMC7194708", "title": "Applying the ethical principles of resource allocation to drugs in limited supply during a public health crisis.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Kong, Ha Eun", "Grant-Kels, Jane M", "Stoff, Benjamin K"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330635", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513864, "title": "Ethnic and racial disparities in COVID-19-related deaths: counting the trees, hiding the forest.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Yaya, Sanni", "Yeboah, Helena", "Charles, Carlo Handy", "Otu, Akaninyene", "Labonte, Ronald"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513864", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405028, "title": "Infection of bat and human intestinal organoids by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Jie", "Li, Cun", "Liu, Xiaojuan", "Chiu, Man Chun", "Zhao, Xiaoyu", "Wang, Dong", "Wei, Yuxuan", "Lee, Andrew", "Zhang, Anna Jinxia", "Chu, Hin", "Cai, Jian-Piao", "Yip, Cyril Chik-Yan", "Chan, Ivy Hau-Yee", "Wong, Kenneth Kak-Yuen", "Tsang, Owen Tak-Yin", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Chen, Honglin", "Yuen, Kwok Yung"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405028", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-emerged in humans in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has since disseminated globally1,2. As of April 16, 2020, the confirmed case count of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had surpassed 2 million. Based on full-genome sequence analysis, SARS-CoV-2 shows high homology to SARS-related coronaviruses identified in horseshoe bats1,2. Here we show the establishment and characterization of expandable intestinal organoids derived from horseshoe bats of the Rhinolophus sinicus species that can recapitulate bat intestinal epithelium. These bat enteroids are fully susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and sustain robust viral replication. Development of gastrointestinal symptoms in some patients with COVID-19 and detection of viral RNA in fecal specimens suggest that SARS-CoV-2 might cause enteric, in addition to respiratory, infection3,4. Here we demonstrate active replication of SARS-CoV-2 in human intestinal organoids and isolation of infectious virus from the stool specimen of a patient with diarrheal COVID-19. Collectively, we established the first expandable organoid culture system of bat intestinal epithelium and present evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can infect bat intestinal cells. The robust SARS-CoV-2 replication in human intestinal organoids suggests that the human intestinal tract might be a transmission route of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32325036, "pmcid": "PMC7172833", "title": "Two Middle East respiratory syndrome vaccines: first step for other coronavirus vaccines?", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Modjarrad, Kayvon", "Kim, Jerome H"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325036", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306495, "pmcid": "PMC7264616", "title": "Potential implications of COVID-19 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Prins, Grietje H", "Olinga, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306495", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305309, "pmcid": "PMC7151295", "title": "Strategic plan for management in oral and maxillofacial surgery during COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Zeng, Liujun", "Su, Tong", "Huang, Long"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305309", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503891, "title": "The paradox of success and public perspective: COVID-19 and the perennial problem of prevention.", "journal": "J Epidemiol Community Health", "authors": ["Messinger Cayetano, Shari", "Crandall, Lee"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503891", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513284, "title": "Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation programs for COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Li, Chenglong", "Hou, Xiaotong", "Tong, Zhaohui", "Qiu, Haibo", "Li, Yimin", "Li, Ang"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513284", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425237, "pmcid": "PMC7232909", "title": "COVID-19: Current Knowledge and Best Practices for Orthopaedic Surgeons.", "journal": "Indian J Orthop", "authors": ["Chhabra, Harvinder Singh", "Bagaraia, Vaibhav", "Keny, Swapnil", "Kalidindi, Kalyan Kumar Varma", "Mallepally, Abhinandan", "Dhillon, Mandeep Singh", "Malhotra, Rajesh", "Rajasekharan, Shanmuganathan"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425237", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A mysterious cluster outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, China in December 2019 was traced to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and declared a Pandemic by WHO on 11th March 2020. The pandemic has spread rapidly causing widespread devastation globally. This review provides a brief understanding of pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of COVID-19 and highlights the current knowledge as well as best practices for orthopaedic surgeons. These are likely to change as knowledge and evidence is gained. Orthopaedic surgeons, like other front-line workers, carry the risk of getting infected during their practice, which as such is already substantially affected. Implementation of infection prevention and control as well as other safety measures for health care workers assumes great importance. All patients/visitors and staff visiting the hospital should be screened. Conservative treatment should be the first line of treatment except for those requiring urgent/emergent care. During lockdown all elective surgeries are to be withheld. All attempts should be made to reduce hospital visits and telemedicine is to be encouraged. Inpatient management of COVID-19 patients requires approval from concerned authorities. All patients being admitted to the hospital in and around containment zones should be tested for COVID-19. There are special considerations for anaesthesia with preference for regional anaesthesia. A separate Operation room with specific workflow should be dedicated for COVID-19 positive cases. Despite the magnitude of challenge, the pandemic offers significant lessons for the orthopaedic surgeon who should seek the opportunity within the adversity and use this time wisely to achieve his/her Ikigai."}, {"pmid": 32476614, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Exacerbating Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Long-Term Services and Supports.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Shippee, Tetyana P", "Akosionu, Odichinma", "Ng, Weiwen", "Woodhouse, Mark", "Duan, Yinfei", "Thao, Mai See", "Bowblis, John R"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476614", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "What services are available and where racial and ethnic minorities receive long-term services and supports (LTSS) have resulted in a lower quality of care and life for racial/ethnic minority users. These disparities are only likely to worsen during the COVID-19 pandemic, as the pandemic has disproportionately affected racial and ethnic minority communities both in the rate of infection and virus-related mortality. By examining these disparities in the context of the pandemic, we bring to light the challenges and issues faced in LTSS by minority communities with regard to this virus as well as the disparities in LTSS that have always existed."}, {"pmid": 32362045, "pmcid": "PMC7267345", "title": "Hand disinfection in the combat against Covid-19.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Goldust, M", "Abdelmaksoud, A", "Navarini, A A"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362045", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a global health emergency over a\u00a0new coronavirus. The new corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) has raised global attention with raising concerns\u00a0of rapid spread from human-to-human. Like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-nCoV, 2019-nCoV can be passed directly from person to person by respiratory droplets, and may also be transmitted through contact and fomites."}, {"pmid": 32444354, "title": "Test Agreement Between Roche Cobas 6800 and Cepheid GeneXpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 Assays at High Cycle Threshold Ranges.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Broder, Kari", "Babiker, Ahmed", "Myers, Charles", "White, Terri", "Jones, Heather", "Cardella, John", "Burd, Eileen M", "Hill, Charles E", "Kraft, Colleen S"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444354", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has changed the face of the globe and upended the daily lives of billions.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32364118, "pmcid": "PMC7183930", "title": "Neurology during the pandemic. Is COVID-19 changing the organisation of Neurology Departments?", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Hernandez Ramos, F J", "Palomino Garcia, A", "Jimenez Hernandez, M D"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364118", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283980, "title": "Clinical Presentation of COVID-19: A Systematic Review Focusing on Upper Airway Symptoms.", "journal": "Ear Nose Throat J", "authors": ["Lovato, Andrea", "de Filippis, Cosimo"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283980", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pharyngodynia, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, smell, and taste dysfunctions could be the presenting symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The aim was to perform a systematic review of current evidences on clinical presentation of COVID-19, focusing on upper airway symptoms in order to help otolaryngologists identifying suspected cases. We searched PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases. We included 5 retrospective clinical studies for a total of 1556 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 57.5% were male and mean age was 49.1 years. Pooled data revealed that pharyngodynia was present in 12.4% of patients, nasal congestion in 3.7%, and rhinorrhea was rare. No reports on COVID-19 and olfactory/gustative disorders matched inclusion criteria but preliminary evidences suggested they could be present. Common symptoms were fever (85.6%), cough (68.7%), and fatigue (39.4%). Frequent comorbidities were hypertension (17.4%), diabetes (3.8%), and coronary heart disease (3.8%); 83% of patients had alterations on chest computed tomography that were bilateral in 89.5% of cases. Ground-glass opacity was the most common finding (50%). Lymphopenia (77.2%) and leucopenia (30.1%) were common. Critical cases with complications were 9%, intensive care unit admission was required in 7.3%, invasive ventilation in 3.4%, and mortality was 2.4%. Otolaryngologists should know that pharyngodynia, nasal congestion, olfactory, and gustative disorders could be the presenting symptoms of COVID-19. Clinical presentation together with radiological and laboratory findings could help to identify suspected cases."}, {"pmid": 32459672, "title": "Routine Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis May Be Inadequate in the Hypercoagulable State of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Maatman, Thomas K", "Jalali, Farid", "Feizpour, Cyrus", "Douglas, Anthony 2nd", "McGuire, Sean P", "Kinnaman, Gabriel", "Hartwell, Jennifer L", "Maatman, Benjamin T", "Kreutz, Rolf P", "Kapoor, Rajat", "Rahman, Omar", "Zyromski, Nicholas J", "Meagher, Ashley D"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459672", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of venous thromboembolism in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients and associate a degree of inflammatory marker elevation to venous thromboembolism development. An observational study that identified patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 between March 12, 2020, and March 31, 2020. Data reported are those available through May 6, 2020. A multicenter study including three Indianapolis area academic hospitals. Two-hundred forty consecutive patients with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection were admitted to one of three hospitals. One-hundred nine critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients admitted to the ICU were included in the analysis. All patients received routine subcutaneous chemical venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. The primary outcome of this study was to determine the frequency of venous thromboembolism and the degree of inflammatory and coagulation marker elevation associated with venous thromboembolism development. Descriptive statistics outlined the frequency of venous thromboembolism at any time during severe coronavirus disease 2019. Clinical course and laboratory metrics were compared between patients that developed venous thromboembolism and patients that did not develop venous thromboembolism. Hypercoagulable thromboelastography was defined as two or more hypercoagulable parameters. One-hundred nine patients developed severe coronavirus disease 2019 requiring ICU care. The mean (\u00b1 SD) age was 61 \u00b1 16 years and 57% were male. Seventy-five patients (69%) were discharged home, 7 patients (6%) remain in the hospital, and 27 patients (25%) died. Venous thromboembolism was diagnosed in 31 patients (28%) 8 \u00b1 7 days after hospital admission, including two patients diagnosed with venous thromboembolism at presentation to the hospital. Elevated admission D-dimer and peak D-dimer were associated with venous thromboembolism development (p < 0.05). D-dimer greater than 2,600 ng/mL predicted venous thromboembolism with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.760 (95% CI, 0.661-0.858; p < 0.0001), sensitivity of 89.7%, and specificity of 59.5%. Twelve patients (11%) had thromboelastography performed and 58% of these patients had a hypercoagulable study. The calculated coagulation index was hypercoagulable in 50% of patients with thromboelastography. These data show that coronavirus disease 2019 results in a hypercoagulable state. Routine chemical venous thromboembolism prophylaxis may be inadequate in preventing venous thromboembolism in severe coronavirus disease 2019."}, {"pmid": 32530814, "title": "An internet-based intervention to face stress during social isolation with guided relaxation and meditation: protocol for a randomized controlled study.", "journal": "JMIR Res Protoc", "authors": ["Pizzoli, Silvia Maria Francesca", "Marzorati, Chiara", "Mazzoni, Davide", "Pravettoni, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530814", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Psychophysiological stress and lower well-being are becoming a relevant issue during prolonged social isolation periods. Relaxation practices might represent helpful exercises to cope with anxiety and stressful sensations. The aim of the present research protocol is to test whether remote relaxation practices like natural sounds, deep respiration, and body scan may promote relaxation and emotional state, and reduce psychomotor activation and the preoccupation related to the COVID-19 pandemics. The study consists of 3 experimental groups which will randomly receive online audio clips containing a single session of guided breathing exercise, guided body scan exercise, or natural sounds. The participants will listen to one of the fully automated audio clips for 7 minutes and pre-post complete self-assessed scales on perceived relaxation, psychomotor activation, level of worries associated with COVID-19 and emotional state. At the end of the session, qualitative reports on subjective experience will be asked too. Analysis will test the difference in efficacy between audio clips in an internet-based intervention on 252 subjects (84 per group), investigating whether natural sounds or remote guided practices like deep respiration and body scan enhance in a positive way the perceived psychological state. The study will provide information on if and to what extent guided practices can help in reducing psychological side-effects related to COVID-19 social isolation. "}, {"pmid": 32314130, "pmcid": "PMC7169648", "title": "We Can't Just Wash Our Hands: a Primary Care Physician's Thoughts on COVID-19 and Her Community.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Bryant, Kelsey B"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314130", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302075, "title": "Africa in the Path of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["El-Sadr, Wafaa M", "Justman, Jessica"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427340, "title": "Influence of storage conditions on SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection in throat swabs.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Lin", "Li, Xiao", "Guo, Zhengdong", "Wang, Zhongyi", "Zhang, Ke", "Li, Chao", "Wang, Changjun", "Zhang, Shoufeng"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427340", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the premise of quarantine. In many countries or areas, samples need to be shipped or inactivated before SARS-CoV-2 testing. In this study, we checked the influence of sample storage conditions on SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing results, including sample inactivation time, storage temperature and the time. All of these conditions caused an increase in the Ct values of the nucleic acid tests and led to the misclassification of at least 10.2% of positive cases as negative or suspected. The results highlight the importance of immediate testing of samples for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid and detection."}, {"pmid": 32334535, "pmcid": "PMC7183387", "title": "Headache medication and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Headache Pain", "authors": ["MaassenVanDenBrink, Antoinette", "de Vries, Tessa", "Danser, A H Jan"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently dominated by the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Besides the obvious concerns about limitation of virus spread and providing the best possible care to infected patients, a concomitant concern has now arisen in view of a putative link between the use of certain drugs, such as Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) inhibitors and ibuprofen, and an increased risk for COVID-19 infection. We here discuss this concern in relation to headache treatment and conclude that, based on current evidence, there is no reason to abandon treatment of headache patients with RAS inhibitors or ibuprofen."}, {"pmid": 32366506, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors face shortages of vital drugs, gases, and therapeutics, survey finds.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366506", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265183, "title": "COVID-19: Risk of increase in smoking rates among England's 6 million smokers and relapse among England's 11 million ex-smokers.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Patwardhan, Pooja"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265183", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487714, "title": "Cranial Neuropathies and COVID-19: Neurotropism and Autoimmunity.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Costello, Fiona", "Dalakas, Marinos C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487714", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or \"COVID-19\" global pandemic began in late 2019. Like its predecessors, SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), COVID-19 binds to angiotension converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors to facilitate tissue invasion, and potentially gain entry into the nervous system.1 This single-stranded RNA virus shares 75-80% identical genome sequence with MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, but has increased virulence, persistence, and lethality.2 Amid catastrophic human suffering, severe neurological complications of COVID-19 have been identified; yet, subtle neurological manifestations have likely been under-reported."}, {"pmid": 32383319, "pmcid": "PMC7267255", "title": "Challenges in the management of critical ill COVID-19 patients with pressure ulcer.", "journal": "Int Wound J", "authors": ["Tang, Jieying", "Li, Binbin", "Gong, Jiacheng", "Li, Weiwei", "Yang, Jianmin"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383319", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459123, "pmcid": "PMC7265107", "title": "Mechanistic inferences from clinical reports of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Jenkins, Meagan M", "McCaw, Tyler R", "Goepfert, Paul A"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459123", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the causative pathogen in an outbreak of viral pneumonia cases originating in Wuhan, China, with an ensuing rapid global spread that led it to be declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. Given the threat to public health posed by sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the literature surrounding patient presentation in severe and non-severe cases, transmission rates and routes, management strategies, and initial clinical trial results have become available at an unprecedented pace. In this review we collate current clinical and immunologic reports, comparing these to reports of previous coronaviruses to identify mechanisms driving progression to severe disease in some patients. In brief, we propose a model wherein dysregulated type I interferon signalling leads to aberrant recruitment and accumulation of innate immune lineages in the lung, impairing establishment of productive adaptive responses, and permitting a pathologic pro-inflammatory state. Finally, we extend these findings to suggest possible treatment options that may merit investigation in randomized clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32239578, "pmcid": "PMC7228380", "title": "Priorities for global health community in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Rudnicka, Lidia", "Gupta, Mrinal", "Kassir, Martin", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Sadoughifar, Roxanna", "Goldust, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239578", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492760, "title": "Diagnostic Performance of a Rapid Point of Care Test for SARS-CoV-2 in an Urban ED Setting.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["McDonald, Samuel", "Courtney, D Mark", "Clark, Andrew E", "Muthukumar, Alagarraju", "Lee, Francesca", "Balani, Jyoti", "Mahimainathan, Lenin", "Bararia, Anjali", "Oliver, Dwight", "Sarode, Ravi", "Diercks, Deborah"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492760", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ability to rapidly and accurately identify a patient's COVID-19 status has had significant impact on emergency departments (ED) and health systems globally. Since the identification of SARS-CoV-2 illness in the United States, there has been rapid development in patient testing capacity following initial challenges including sparse availability. This was made possible by increasing availability of diagnostic molecular tests in several formats, from laboratory based traditional, RT-PCR methods to near patient testing rapid point of care PCR tests."}, {"pmid": 32017153, "pmcid": "PMC7167026", "title": "Updates on Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus epidemic.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kofi Ayittey, Foster", "Dzuvor, Christian", "Kormla Ayittey, Matthew", "Bennita Chiwero, Nyasha", "Habib, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-02-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32017153", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527898, "title": "Owner concerns that pets have Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Watson, Katharine M", "Zhang, Yijia", "Towns, Kristine", "Kahe, Ka"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527898", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453436, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic Spurs Policy Changes Benefiting Older Adults.", "journal": "J Gerontol Nurs", "authors": ["Young, Heather M", "Quinn, Winifred", "Brassard, Andrea", "Gualtieri, Claudio", "Reinhard, Susan"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453436", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article reviews recent federal and state policy changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic that affect health care and quality of life for older adults. Specific regulations and guidelines issued at the state and federal level have increased access and provided additional funding for essential services and supports. Many of these changes are temporary and have the potential to improve care beyond the immediate crisis. This period of greater flexibility offers the opportunity to accrue evidence on quality and access to influence sustained change. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 46(6), 19-23.]."}, {"pmid": 32456064, "title": "Potential Benefits and Harms of Novel Antidiabetic Drugs During COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Mirabelli, Maria", "Chiefari, Eusebio", "Puccio, Luigi", "Foti, Daniela Patrizia", "Brunetti, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456064", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with diabetes have been reported to have enhanced susceptibility to severe or fatal COVID-19 infections, including a high risk of being admitted to intensive care units with respiratory failure and septic complications. Given the global prevalence of diabetes, affecting over 450 million people worldwide and still on the rise, the emerging COVID-19 crisis poses a serious threat to an extremely large vulnerable population. However, the broad heterogeneity and complexity of this dysmetabolic condition, with reference to etiologic mechanisms, degree of glycemic derangement and comorbid associations, along with the extensive sexual dimorphism in immune responses, can hamper any patient generalization. Even more relevant, and irrespective of glucose-lowering activities, DPP4 inhibitors and GLP1 receptor agonists may have a favorable impact on the modulation of viral entry and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines during COVID-19 infection, although current evidence is limited and not univocal. Conversely, SGLT2 inhibitors may increase the likelihood of COVID-19-related ketoacidosis decompensation among patients with severe insulin deficiency. Mindful of their widespread popularity in the management of diabetes, addressing potential benefits and harms of novel antidiabetic drugs to clinical prognosis at the time of a COVID-19 pandemic deserves careful consideration."}, {"pmid": 32322159, "pmcid": "PMC7175919", "title": "Electrostatic Charged Nanofiber Filter for Filtering Airborne Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Nano-aerosols.", "journal": "Sep Purif Technol", "authors": ["Woon Fong Leung, Wallace", "Sun, Qiangqiang"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322159", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic on March 12, 2020. Within 3-1/2 months since outbreak in December 2019, over 1.3 million people have been infected across 206 countries with over 70,000 deaths. COVID-19 has a size of 60-140nm with mean size of the nano-aerosols, 100nm. The virus can be airborne by attaching to human secretion (fine particles, nasal/saliva droplets) of infected person or suspended fine particulates in air. While NIOSH has standardized N95 and N98 at 300nm, to-date there is no filter standards, nor special filter technologies, tailored for capturing airborne viruses and 100nm nano-aerosols. The latter also are present in high number concentration in atmospheric pollutants. This study addresses developing novel charged PVDF nanofiber filter technology to effectively capture the deadly airborne coronavirus with our target set at 100nm (nano-aerosol), and not 300nm. The virus and its attached particle were simulated by sodium chloride aerosols, 50-500nm, generated from sub-micron aerosol generator. PVDF nanofibers were produced with fiber diameters 84, 191, 349 and 525nm with excellent morphology. The fibers were subsequently charged by corona discharge. The amounts of charged fibers in a filter were increased to achieve high efficiency of 90% for the virus filter but the electrical interference between neighbouring fibers resulted in progressively marginal increase in efficiency and concurrently much higher pressure drop across the filter. The quality factor which measured the efficiency-to-pressure-drop kept decreasing. By redistributing the fibers in the filter into several modules, each separated by a permeable scrim material, the electrical interference was reduced, if not fully mitigated. Also, the additional scrim materials introduced macropores into the filter that further reduced the airflow resistance. With this approach, the quality factor can maintain relatively constant with increasing fiber amounts to achieve high filter efficiency. The optimal amounts of fiber in each module depended on the diameter of fibers in the module. Small fiber diameter that has already high performance required small amount of fibers per module. In contrast, large diameter fiber required more amounts of fiber per module to compensate for the poorer performance without incurring higher pressure drop. This approach was applied to develop four new nanofiber filters tailored for capturing 100nm airborne COVID-19 to achieve over 90% efficiency with pressure drop below 30Pa (3.1mm water). One filter developed meeting the 90% efficiency has ultralow pressure drop of only 18Pa (1.9mm water) while another filter meeting the 30Pa limit has high efficiency reaching 94%. These optimized filters based on rigorous engineering approach provide the badly needed technology for protecting the general public from the deadly airborne COVID-19 and other viruses, and nano-aerosols from air pollution which lead to chronic diseases."}, {"pmid": 32364528, "pmcid": "PMC7244080", "title": "Typical radiological progression and clinical features of patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Wang, Min", "Guo, Linghong", "Chen, Qi", "Xia, Guojin", "Wang, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364528", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to describe typical radiological features and progression of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. We reviewed the chest CT scans, laboratory findings, and clinical records of 66 COVID-19 patients who were admitted to affiliated hospitals of Nanchang university, Nanchang, China, from Jan 21 to Feb 2, 2020. CT was used to evaluate the radiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients. Only 4 patients (4/66, 6%) claimed their exposure to COVID-19 pneumonia patients. The major symptoms were fever (60/66, 91%) and cough (37/66, 56%). The predominant features of lesion were scattered (43/66, 65%), bilateral (50/66, 76%), ground-glass opacity (64/66, 97%), and air bronchogram sign (47/66, 71%). Forty-eight patients (48/66, 73%) had more than two lobes involved. Right lower lobe (58/66, 88%) and left lower lobe (49/66, 74%) were most likely invaded. Twelve patients (12/66, 18%) had at least one comorbid condition. Pleural traction (29/66, 44%), crazy paving (15/66, 23%), interlobular septal thickening (11/66, 17%), and consolidation (7/66, 11%) were also observed. The typical radiology features of COVID-19 patients are scattered ground-glass opacity in the bilateral lobes. Fever and cough are the major symptoms. Evaluating chest CT, clinical symptoms, and laboratory results could facilitate the early diagnosis of COVID-19, and judge disease progression."}, {"pmid": 32387864, "pmcid": "PMC7189186", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection and obesity: Common inflammatory and metabolic aspects.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Michalakis, Konstantinos", "Ilias, Ioannis"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387864", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "According to the World Obesity Federation, \"obesity-related conditions seem to worsen the effect of Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2)\"; additionally the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention reported that \"people with heart disease and diabetes are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 complications and that severe obesity poses a higher risk for severe illness\". Recent reports have shown elevated levels of cytokines due to increased inflammation in patients with SARS-CoV-2 disease. On the other hand, obesity represents a state of low-grade inflammation, with various inflammatory products directly excreted by adipose tissue. In this concise report we aimed to assess common elements of obesity and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pubmed search on obesity and SARS-CoV-2 infection. We present \"mechanistic\" obesity-related problems that aggravate SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as tentative inflammatory/metabolic links between these diseases. Obesity and SARS-CoV-2 share common elements of the inflammatory process (and possibly also metabolic disturbances), exacerbating SARS-CoV-2 infection in the obese."}, {"pmid": 32396220, "pmcid": "PMC7273062", "title": "Unequal Distribution of COVID-19 Risk among Rural Residents by Race and Ethnicity.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Henning-Smith, Carrie", "Tuttle, Mariana", "Kozhimannil, Katy B"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396220", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494062, "pmcid": "PMC7269160", "title": "Author Correction: Caring for patients with cancer in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["van de Haar, Joris", "Hoes, Louisa R", "Coles, Charlotte E", "Seamon, Kenneth", "Frohling, Stefan", "Jager, Dirk", "Valenza, Franco", "de Braud, Filippo", "De Petris, Luigi", "Bergh, Jonas", "Ernberg, Ingemar", "Besse, Benjamin", "Barlesi, Fabrice", "Garralda, Elena", "Piris-Gimenez, Alejandro", "Baumann, Michael", "Apolone, Giovanni", "Soria, Jean Charles", "Tabernero, Josep", "Caldas, Carlos", "Voest, Emile E"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494062", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32156682, "title": "Covid-19: What's the current advice for UK doctors?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156682", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279697, "pmcid": "PMC7180330", "title": "The largest epicenter of the coronavirus outbreak in Vietnam.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Nguyen, Trang H D", "Vu, Danh C"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279697", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32189218, "pmcid": "PMC7090637", "title": "The impact of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) on coughing distance: implications on its use during the novel coronavirus disease outbreak.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Loh, Ne-Hooi Will", "Tan, Yanni", "Taculod, Juvel", "Gorospe, Billy", "Teope, Analine S", "Somani, Jyoti", "Tan, Addy Yong Hui"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32189218", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512077, "title": "Post-lockdown management of oncological priorities and postponed radiation therapy following the COVID-19 pandemic: Experience of the institut curie.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Beddok, Arnaud", "Calugaru, Valentin", "Minsat, Mathieu", "Dendale, Remi", "De Oliveira, Aurelien", "Costa, Emilie", "Goudjil, Farid", "Belshi, Rezart", "Pierrat, Noelle", "Rochas, Christophe", "Gravigny, Anne Catherine", "Soisick, Lucas", "Fleury, Helene Colella", "Crehange, Gilles"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512077", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520641, "title": "Re: \"Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Treatment for Severe COVID-19\" by Sengupta et al.", "journal": "Stem Cells Dev", "authors": ["Lim, Sai Kiang", "Giebel, Bernd", "Weiss, Daniel J", "Witwer, Kenneth W", "Rohde, Eva"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520641", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467004, "pmcid": "PMC7211679", "title": "COVID-19: What's next?", "journal": "Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Diaz Tasende, Jose"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467004", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529699, "title": "The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Chien, Patrick"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529699", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379707, "title": "Examining the incubation period distributions of COVID-19 on Chinese patients with different travel histories.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Xiao, Zuopeng", "Xie, Xi", "Guo, Wenbo", "Luo, Zhiqiang", "Liao, Jianxiang", "Wen, Feiqiu", "Zhou, Qingfeng", "Han, Laiwei", "Zheng, Te"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379707", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current studies estimated a general incubation period distribution of COVID-19 based on early-confirmed cases in Wuhan, and have not examined whether the incubation period distribution varies across population segments with different travel histories. We aimed to examine whether patients infected by community transmission had extended incubation periods than the early generation patients who had direct exposures to Wuhan. Based on 4741 patient case reports from municipal centers of disease control by February 21, 2020, we calculated the incubation periods of 2555 patients with clear epidemiological survey information and illness development timeline. All patients were categorized into five groups by their travel histories. Incubation period distributions were modeled for each group by the method of the posterior Weibull distribution estimation. Adults aged 30 to 59 years had the most substantial proportion of confirmed cases in China. The incubation period distribution varied slightly across patient groups with different travel histories. Patients who regularly lived in Wuhan and left to other locations before January 23, 2020 had the shortest posterior median value of 7.57 days for the incubation period, while the incubation periods for persons affected by local community transmission had the largest posterior median of incubation periods, 9.31 days. The median incubation period for all patients infected outside Wuhan was 9 days, a bit of more extended than the early estimated 5-day incubation period that was based on patients in Wuhan. Our findings may imply the decreases of virulence of the COVID-19 virus along with intergenerational transmission."}, {"pmid": 32282956, "pmcid": "PMC7262334", "title": "Rapid and severe Covid-19 pneumonia with severe acute chest syndrome in a sickle cell patient successfully treated with tocilizumab.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["De Luna, Gonzalo", "Habibi, Anoosha", "Deux, Jean-Francois", "Colard, Martin", "Pham Hung d'Alexandry d'Orengiani, Anne-Laure", "Schlemmer, Frederic", "Joher, Nizar", "Kassasseya, Christian", "Pawlotsky, Jean Michel", "Ourghanlian, Clement", "Michel, Marc", "Mekontso-Dessap, Armand", "Bartolucci, Pablo"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282956", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407513, "pmcid": "PMC7239103", "title": "Lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 patients: maybe yes, but at what dose?", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Baldelli, Sara", "Corbellino, Mario", "Clementi, Emilio", "Cattaneo, Dario", "Gervasoni, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407513", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449262, "title": "Birth plan alterations among American women in response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Expect", "authors": ["Gildner, Theresa E", "Thayer, Zaneta M"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449262", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281334, "title": "[Strategy of pharmaceutical care services for clinical Chinese pharmacists in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Lin, Zhi-Jian", "Zhang, Bing"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281334", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) seriously endangers people's health. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has been recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 in Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Prevention and Control Strategy, which have made outstanding contributions to the prevention and control of the epidemic. The wide application of Chinese medicine asked the pharmacists and doctors, nurses, and medical technicians in Wuhan and around the country to stand on the front line of COVID-19 treatment, and provide pharmaceutical care services, which has effectively guaranteed the safety and rational use of Chinese medicine. This article will introduce the TCM cognition of the COVID-19, analyze the clinical application of Chinese medicine and the entry point of pharmaceutical care, and clarify that clinical Chinese pharmacists can participate in making medication therapy plan, medication reconciliation, and prescription review, promoting rational drug use, pharmaceutical monitoring, and drug risk management. The participation of clinical Chinese pharmacists in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 is conducive to improving the level of rational use of TCM, by ensuring the effectiveness, and safety."}, {"pmid": 32347682, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on patients with spine disease in Friuli Venezia Giulia.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Sci", "authors": ["Rispoli, Rossella", "Giorgiutti, Fabrizia", "Egidi, Leonardo", "Cappelletto, Barbara"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347682", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32083831, "title": "The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak: think the unthinkable and be prepared to face the challenge.", "journal": "Diagnosis (Berl)", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32083831", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207807, "title": "Preparation for Possible Sustained Transmission of 2019 Novel Coronavirus: Lessons From Previous Epidemics.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Swerdlow, David L", "Finelli, Lyn"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207807", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404787, "title": "CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 IN NEWBORNS AND VERY YOUNG INFANTS: A SERIES OF SIX PATIENTS IN FRANCE.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Meslin, Pauline", "Guiomard, Clara", "Chouakria, Mouna", "Porcher, Julie", "Duquesne, Frederique", "Tiprez, Catherine", "Zemouri, Neila"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404787", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present here a series of 6 infants hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 infection from March 14 to March 30, 5 of them are newborns. All 6 patients presented with fever, it was the main symptom for all of them. Only one of them needed oxygen; the others were hospitalized for surveillance but did not need specific care. In our series, coronavirus disease 2019 infection is mostly mild in neonates."}, {"pmid": 32394579, "pmcid": "PMC7214950", "title": "Preventing suicide in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "World Psychiatry", "authors": ["McIntyre, Roger S", "Lee, Yena"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394579", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389803, "pmcid": "PMC7206419", "title": "Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation with Cryopreserved Grafts for Severe Aplastic Anemia.", "journal": "Biol Blood Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Eapen, Mary", "Zhang, Mei-Jie", "Tang, Xiao-Ying", "Lee, Stephanie J", "Fei, Ming-Wei", "Wang, Hai-Lin", "Hebert, Kyle M", "Arora, Mukta", "Chhabra, Saurabh", "Devine, Steven M", "Hamadani, Mehdi", "D'Souza, Anita", "Pasquini, Marcelo C", "Phelan, Rachel", "Rizzo, J Douglas", "Saber, Wael", "Shaw, Bronwen E", "Weisdorf, Daniel J", "Horowitz, Mary M"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389803", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing barriers to the collection and transport of donor cells, it is often necessary to collect and cryopreserve grafts before initiation of transplantation conditioning. The effect on transplantation outcomes in nonmalignant disease is unknown. This analysis examined the effect of cryopreservation of related and unrelated donor grafts for transplantation for severe aplastic anemia in the United States during 2013 to 2019. Included are 52 recipients of cryopreserved grafts who were matched for age, donor type, and graft type to 194 recipients who received noncryopreserved grafts. Marginal Cox regression models were built to study the effect of cryopreservation and other risk factors associated with outcomes. We recorded higher 1-year rates of graft failure (hazard ratio [HR], 2.26; 95% confidence interval, 1.17 to 4.35; P\u00a0=\u00a0.01) and of 1-year overall mortality (HR, 3.13; 95% CI, 1.60 to 6.11; P\u00a0=\u00a0.0008) after transplantation of cryopreserved compared with noncryopreserved grafts, with adjustment for sex, performance score, comorbidity, cytomegalovirus serostatus, and ABO blood group match. The incidence of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease did not differ between the 2 groups. Adjusted probabilities of 1-year survival were 73% (95% CI, 60% to 84%) in the cryopreserved graft group and 91% (95% CI, 86% to 94%) in the noncryopreserved graft group. These data support the use of noncryopreserved grafts whenever possible in patients with severe aplastic anemia."}, {"pmid": 32449100, "pmcid": "PMC7246084", "title": "Incidentally discovered COVID-19 in low-suspicion patients-a threat to front line health care workers.", "journal": "Emerg Radiol", "authors": ["Xiao, Nicholas", "Abboud, Samir", "McCarthy, Danielle M", "Parekh, Nishant"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449100", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has been responsible for thousands of deaths worldwide. Testing remains at a premium, and criteria for testing remains reserved for those with lower respiratory infection symptoms and/or a known high-risk exposure. The role of imaging in COVID-19 is rapidly evolving; however, few algorithms include imaging criteria, and it is unclear what should be done in low-suspicion patients with positive imaging findings. From 03/01/2020-03/20/2020, a retrospective review of all patients with suspected COVID-19 on imaging was performed. Imaging was interpreted by a board-certified, fellowship-trained radiologist. Patients were excluded if COVID-19 infection was suspected at the time of presentation, was the reason for imaging, or if any lower respiratory symptoms were present. Eight patients with suspected COVID-19 infection on imaging were encountered. Seven patients received testing due to suspicious imaging findings with subsequent lab-confirmed COVID-19. No patients endorsed prior exposure to COVID-19 or recent international travel. COVID-19 was suggested in six patients incidentally on abdominal CT and two on chest radiography. At the time of presentation, no patients were febrile, and seven endorsed gastrointestinal symptoms. Five COVID-19 patients eventually developed respiratory symptoms and required intubation. Two patients expired during the admission. Patients with imaging findings suspicious for COVID-19 warrant prompt reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing even in low clinical suspicion cases. The prevalence of disease in the population may be underestimated by the current paradigm of RT-PCR testing with the current clinical criteria of lower respiratory symptoms and exposure risk."}, {"pmid": 32189010, "pmcid": "PMC7087553", "title": "Correction to: COVID-19: a novel coronavirus and a novel challenge for critical care.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Arabi, Yaseen M", "Murthy, Srinivas", "Webb, Steve"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32189010", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake."}, {"pmid": 32327397, "pmcid": "PMC7166303", "title": "Safety signals for QT prolongation or Torsades de Pointes associated with azithromycin with or without chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Sarayani, Amir", "Cicali, Brian", "Henriksen, Carl H", "Brown, Joshua D"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327397", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Combinations of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin have been promoted as treatments for COVID-19 based on small, uncontrolled clinical trials that have not assessed potential risks. Risks of treatment include QT segment prolongation, Torsades de Pointes (TdP), and death. This comparative pharmacovigilance analysis evaluated the risk of these events. Data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) (>13 million total reports) were used. Queries extracted reports based on exposures of HCQ/chloroquine (CQ) alone, azithromycin alone, HCQ/CQ\u00a0+\u00a0azithromycin, amoxicillin alone, HCQ/CQ\u00a0+\u00a0amoxicillin alone. Amoxicillin served as a control. Events of interest included death and TdP/QT prolongation as well as accidents/injuries and depression as control events. Proportional Reporting Ratios (PRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated where a lower limit of the of 95% CI (Lower95CI) value of \u22652.0 is interpreted as a potential safety signal. Lower95CIs for HCQ/CQ alone showed no potential safety signals for TdP/QT prolongation, death, or any of the control events included. The PRRs and 95% CIs for TdP/QT prolongation was 1.43 (1.29-2.59) with HCQ/CQ use alone and 4.10 (3.80-4.42) for azithromycin alone. For the combined HCQ/CQ\u00a0+\u00a0azithromycin group, the PRR and 95% CI was 3.77 (1.80-7.87). For the control of amoxicillin, there were no safety signals when used alone or in combination with HCQ/CQ. HCQ/CQ use was not associated with a safety signal in this analysis of FAERS data. However, azithromycin used alone was associated with TdP/QT prolongation events and should be used with caution."}, {"pmid": 32363228, "pmcid": "PMC7194991", "title": "Art of prevention: Life in the time of coronavirus.", "journal": "Int J Womens Dermatol", "authors": ["Baghchechi, Mohsen", "Dunn, Jeffery", "Jaipaul, Navin", "Jacob, Sharon E"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363228", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Germany", "China", "United Kingdom", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has continued to progress since its discovery in December 2019. A cluster of patients with atypical pneumonia identified in Wuhan, China, served as the epicenter of this recent epidemic. This family of viruses is responsible for the common cold along with the infamous severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome in 2012. The Southern China Wholesale Market reportedly has connections to the original 27 cases in Wuhan, China. The worldwide confirmed case total has eclipsed 1,450,000, with more than 83,000 deaths. Patient presentation ranges from mild respiratory illness to acute respiratory distress syndrome and subsequent death. Early epidemiologic studies of viral spread support the hypothesis that COVID-19 can remain latent with an extended and infectious incubation period. The U.S. government has issued level 3 precautions for most international travel, along with prohibiting entry to foreign nationals traveling from China, Iran, the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, and the European Schengen area (e.g., France, Italy, Germany). Prevention remains the mainstay in treating and defeating the COVID-19 epidemic. Anyone infected or suspected of being infected should self-quarantine at home or admit themselves to a specified hospital with infrastructure to handle the situation. The combination of prevention and containment provides the best opportunity to stall the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32368252, "pmcid": "PMC7192402", "title": "Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy for luminal breast cancer treatment: a first-choice alternative in times of crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ecancermedicalscience", "authors": ["Marti, Covadonga", "Sanchez-Mendez, Jose I"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368252", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemiological emergency caused by CoV-2 (COVID-19) has changed priorities in breast cancer management. In those places where the pandemic has had the greatest effect, it is of paramount importance for most patients to be at home, reducing or postponing their attendance at clinics, as well as avoiding surgeries. In this scenario, neoadjuvant endocrine treatment could be an appropriate alternative treatment for hormone receptor positive breast cancer (luminal-like tumours) in order to minimise hospital admissions and to delay elective surgeries. Accordingly, we present a simple protocol that can be applied to most cases of luminal-like breast cancer and is appropriate for the majority of secondary or tertiary medical centres, or even primary care."}, {"pmid": 32417850, "title": "Drug researchers pursue new lines of attack against COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "authors": ["Harrison, Charlotte"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417850", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396627, "pmcid": "PMC7239196", "title": "Successful percutaneous thrombectomy in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia and acute pulmonary embolism supported by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Schmiady, Martin O", "Sromicki, Juri", "Kucher, Nils", "Ouda, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396627", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407668, "pmcid": "PMC7213957", "title": "Organ procurement and transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Loupy, Alexandre", "Aubert, Olivier", "Reese, Peter P", "Bastien, Olivier", "Bayer, Florian", "Jacquelinet, Christian"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407668", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393966, "pmcid": "PMC7239128", "title": "Not all world leaders use Twitter in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: impact of the way of Angela Merkel on psychological distress, behaviour and risk perception.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Teufel, Martin", "Schweda, Adam", "Dorrie, Nora", "Musche, Venja", "Hetkamp, Madeleine", "Weismuller, Benjamin", "Lenzen, Henrike", "Stettner, Mark", "Kohler, Hannah", "Bauerle, Alexander", "Skoda, Eva-Maria"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393966", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At a time of growing governmental restrictions and 'physical distancing' in order to decelerate the spread of COVID-19, psychological challenges are increasing. Social media plays an important role in maintaining social contact as well as exerting political influence. World leaders use it not only to keep citizens informed but also to boost morale and manage people's fears. However, some leaders do not follow this approach; an example is the German Chancellor. In a large online survey, we aimed to determine levels of COVID-19 fear, generalized anxiety, depression, safety behaviour, trust in government and risk perception in Germany. A total of 12\u00a0244 respondents participated during the period of restraint and the public shutdown in March 2020. Concurrent with the German Chancellor's speech, a reduction of anxiety and depression was noticeable in the German population. It appears that, in addition to using social media platforms like Twitter, different-and sometimes more conservative-channels for providing information can also be effective."}, {"pmid": 32507521, "title": "Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on burns epidemiology.", "journal": "Burns", "authors": ["Farroha, Azzam"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507521", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492175, "title": "Is minimal access surgery possible and safe during the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Khan, J", "van Boxel, G", "Mercer, S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492175", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470417, "pmcid": "PMC7250559", "title": "COVID-19 international neurological registries.", "journal": "Lancet Neurol", "authors": ["Roman, Gustavo C", "Reis, Jacques", "Spencer, Peter S", "Buguet, Alain", "Ozturk, Serefnur", "Wasay, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470417", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456845, "pmcid": "PMC7245243", "title": "Effectiveness of Clinical Examination in Cancer Surveillance: New Paradigm to Cancer Survivorship Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Boon, I S", "Au Yong, T P T", "Boon, C S"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456845", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474119, "pmcid": "PMC7256529", "title": "Innovation in IBD Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Global Telemedicine Survey by the International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Lees, Charlie W", "Regueiro, Miguel", "Mahadevan, Uma"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474119", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389131, "title": "A Case of COVID-19 with Ultra-Long Incubation Period.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wang, Yujin", "Wang, Qingwen", "Wang, Kai", "Song, Congkuan", "Guo, ZiXin", "Hu, Weidong"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389131", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284245, "pmcid": "PMC7151479", "title": "The Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Urological Practice in the COVID-19 Era: Is \"Safe Better than Sorry\"?", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Pradere, Benjamin", "Ploussard, Guillaume", "Catto, James W F", "Roupret, Morgan", "Misrai, Vincent"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284245", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441991, "title": "Cloth Masks May Prevent Transmission of COVID-19: An Evidence-Based, Risk-Based Approach.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Clase, Catherine M", "Fu, Edouard L", "Joseph, Meera", "Beale, Rupert C L", "Dolovich, Myrna B", "Jardine, Meg", "Mann, Johannes F E", "Pecoits-Filho, Roberto", "Winkelmayer, Wolfgang C", "Carrero, Juan J"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441991", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464639, "title": "Disaster Preparedness and Social Justice in a Public Health Emergency.", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Pollack, Harold A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464639", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The United States is now experiencing public health catastrophe on a scale we have not seen for more than a century. COVID-19 puts into stark relief our mutual obligations that reflect our interdependence as participants in a common society. Drawing on the work of Amartya Sen concerning famine and related challenges, I discuss the accompanying implications for social justice. Social justice in catastrophe requires strong social insurance structures and legal protections for the most vulnerable people, who would otherwise lack economic resources and political influence to protect their essential interests. Social justice also requires greater and more-sustained attention to disaster preparedness and public health infrastructure-both of which are characteristically neglected, in part because the public health enterprise is identified with politically weak and often stigmatized populations."}, {"pmid": 32379951, "pmcid": "PMC7267520", "title": "When a system breaks: queueing theory model of intensive care bed needs during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Meares, Hamish Dd", "Jones, Michael P"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379951", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32028773, "title": "Fighting the novel coronavirus: the publication of the Chinese expert consensus on the perinatal and neonatal management for the prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection (First edition).", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32028773", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496238, "title": "COVID-19 vaccine development and the way forward.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Arora, Narendra Kumar", "Das, Manoja Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496238", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The whole globe is reeling under the COVID-19 pandemic now. With the scale and severity of infection, number of deaths and lack of any definite therapeutic armamentarium, the vaccine development has been accelerated at a never-before pace. A wide variety of vaccine technologies and platforms are being attempted. Out of the over 108 efforts, 100 are in preclinical and eight in Phase 1 or 2 trial stage. While the availability of newer technologies has facilitated development, there are several challenges on the way including limited understanding of the pathophysiology, targeting humoral or mucosal immunity, lack of suitable animal model, poor success of human severe acute respiratory syndrome/Middle East Respiratory Syndrome vaccines, limited efficacy of influenza vaccines, and immune exaggeration with animal coronavirus vaccines. With the current scenario with political, funding, research, and regulatory supports, if everything sails through smoothly, the successful vaccine is expected in 12-18 months. Modestly efficacious vaccine may be also a good achievement."}, {"pmid": 32297931, "pmcid": "PMC7184433", "title": "Why health promotion matters to the COVID-19 pandemic, and vice versa.", "journal": "Health Promot Int", "authors": ["Van den Broucke, Stephan"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297931", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251408, "title": "A Word from OLAW: COVID-19 guidance.", "journal": "Lab Anim (NY)", "authors": ["Brown, Patricia"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251408", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293834, "title": "Antiviral treatment of COVID-19", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Simsek Yavuz, Serap", "Unal, Serhat"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293834", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, there is not any specific effective antiviral treatment for COVID-19. Although most of the COVID-19 patients have mild or moderate courses, up to 5%\u201310% can have severe, potentially life threatening course, there is an urgent need for effective drugs. Optimized supportive care remains the mainstay of therapy. There have been more than 300 clinical trials going on, various antiviral and immunomodulating agents are in various stages of evaluation for COVID-19 in those trials and some of them will be published in the next couple of months. Despite the urgent need to find an effective antiviral treatment for COVID-19 through randomized controlled studies, certain agents are being used all over the world based on either in-vitro or extrapolated evidence or observational studies. The most frequently used agents both in Turkey and all over the world including chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, favipiravir and remdesivir will be reviewed here .Nitazoxanide and ivermectin were also included in this review as they have recently been reported to have an activity against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and are licensed for the treatment of some other human infections."}, {"pmid": 32329563, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 and prevalence of chronic liver disease: A meta-analysis.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Mantovani, Alessandro", "Beatrice, Giorgia", "Dalbeni, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329563", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, there is scarce information regarding the global prevalence of chronic liver disease in individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease, which is becoming a global pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess the overall prevalence of chronic liver disease among patients with COVID-19 disease by meta-analysing data in observational studies and to investigate the relationship between liver damage and COVID-19 disease. We included 11 observational studies for a total of 2034 adult individuals (median age 49\u00a0years [IQR 45-54], 57.2% men). The overall prevalence of chronic liver disease at baseline was 3% (95% CI 2%-4%; I2 \u00a0=\u00a029.1%). Individuals with severe COVID-19 disease had relevant alterations of liver enzymes and coagulative profile, probably due to the innate immune response against the virus. Further studies are needed to better investigate the causes of liver injury in patients with COVID-19 disease and the effect of treatment for COVID-19 on the liver."}, {"pmid": 32187887, "pmcid": "PMC7167677", "title": "Insight into COVID-2019 for pediatricians.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Li, Yuanzhe", "Guo, FeiFei", "Cao, Yang", "Li, LiFeng", "Guo, YanJun"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187887", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, patients with unexplained pneumonia have been found in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The pathogen in these cases is a new type of coronavirus. The World Health Organization confirmed this diagnosis and named the pathogen SARSCoV-2. The disease caused by SARSCoV-2 is called Corona Virus Disease (COVID-2019). The virus is highly infectious and pathogenic, causing human-to-human transmission. At present, SARSCoV-2 is still rampant in the world. Zhengzhou City in Henan Province serves as an example, 102 people have been confirmed to be infected with SARSCoV-2 (at 24:00 on February 5th, 2020), including three children, the youngest is 4 years old. From the perspective of clinical pediatricians as the first line fighting the epidemic, this paper will discuss the clinical characteristics, prevention and control measures, outcomes, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric cases."}, {"pmid": 32400860, "pmcid": "PMC7239089", "title": "Quality & Safety in the time of Coronavirus-Design Better, Learn Faster.", "journal": "Int J Qual Health Care", "authors": ["Fitzsimons, John"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400860", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has required health systems to change much faster than normal. Many staff have experienced training in quality improvement and patient safety methods which can be used to support the design of new systems and to accelerate learning about new and adapted practices. This article sets out the principles of quality improvement and patient safety science, applying them in a selection of approaches, methods and tools which may be useful in crisis situations such as the current pandemic. The article also makes reference to several resources which may be of use to those keen to advance their knowledge."}, {"pmid": 32426285, "pmcid": "PMC7203468", "title": "Coronavirus: Older Persons With Cancer in Italy in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Front Oncol", "authors": ["Fratino, Lucia", "Procopio, Giuseppe", "Di Maio, Massimo", "Cinieri, Saverio", "Leo, Silvana", "Beretta, Giordano"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426285", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is the European country that was hit first and hardest by the COVID-19 epidemic. Since February 2020, the outbreak of the epidemic disease in Italy, with fatal outcomes in up to 10% of cases, made it urgent to implement extraordinary measures to avoid a breakdown of the universal Italian national health system. The update for April 1, 2020, in Italy recorded 102,669 confirmed COVID-19 cases, with a median patient age of 63 years. The deceased patients were older people (median age 80 years) and often had a cancer diagnosis (about 20%). Thus, in the extraordinary epidemiological scenario of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, older persons in cancer treatment are at particularly high risk of being severely affected by COVID-19. These people face a health- and economics-related emergency that also carries cultural and ethical implications. In accordance with the measures adopted by the Italian government to limit viral transmission, several associations of Italian oncologists have taken action to update Elderly Cancer Care programs. In view of the newly emerging needs, we herein outline practical suggestions aimed at guaranteeing the best continuity to elderly cancer patients."}, {"pmid": 32470485, "pmcid": "PMC7250068", "title": "Does asthma affect morbidity or severity of Covid-19?", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Matsumoto, Kenji", "Saito, Hirohisa"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470485", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518390, "title": "Editorial: Nutrition and COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Soares, Mario J", "Muller, Manfred J"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518390", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466995, "pmcid": "PMC7206439", "title": "COVID-19 and fertility: a virtual reality.", "journal": "Reprod Biomed Online", "authors": ["Anifandis, George", "Messini, Christina I", "Daponte, Alexandros", "Messinis, Ioannis E"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466995", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is an extraordinary global situation, and all countries have adopted their own strategies to diminish and eliminate the spread of the virus. All measures are in line with the recommendations provided by the World Health Organization. Scientific societies, such as the European Society for Human Reproduction and Embryology and American Society for Reproductive Medicine, have provided recommendations and guidance to overcome and flatten the growing curve of infection in patients who undergo IVF treatments. Although there is as yet no evidence that the virus causing COVID-19 might have negative effects on IVF outcomes, fertility treatments have been postponed in order to support healthcare systems by avoiding placing them under additional stress. The possibility of the virus affecting sperm function and egg performance cannot be excluded. In addition, an indirect effect of the virus on gametes and embryos during their manipulation cannot be ruled out. This commentary aims to provide some ideas on the possible effect of the virus on gametes and embryos, as well as how it could affect the normal functioning of the embryology laboratory."}, {"pmid": 32387512, "pmcid": "PMC7202825", "title": "Emergent hospital reform in response to outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Li, Jingwen", "Zhang, Qing", "Fang, Xi", "Li, Na", "Hu, Caiying", "Lin, Zhicheng", "Xiong, Nian"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387512", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515210, "title": "Charting a Research Agenda for the Advancement of Nursing Organizations' Influence on Health Systems and Policy.", "journal": "Can J Nurs Res", "authors": ["Chiu, Patrick", "Duncan, Susan", "Whyte, Nora"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515210", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nursing organizations across Canada play a significant role in influencing and shaping public policy. 2020, the Year of the Nurse and the Midwife, is an opportune time not only to support nurses in building policy leadership but also to explore opportunities to better understand and strengthen the policy advocacy work of nursing organizations. Given various social, political, and economic forces, the nature of organized nursing across Canada is changing significantly. We draw on recent key national and global events including our systematic inquiry into the Canada's 2019 federal election, the Year of the Nurse and Midwife, and the Coronavirus pandemic to examine how Canadian nursing organizations respond in highly complex and evolving contexts. We use our observations to offer a vision and chart a research agenda for the advancement of nursing organizations' influence on health systems and policy. Specifically, we focus on three key areas including examining nursing organizations' policy agendas and spheres of influence; nursing organizations' decision-making around policy advocacy tactics and engagement approaches; and the impact of policy advocacy coalitions and networks on nursing organizations' influence."}, {"pmid": 32331343, "pmcid": "PMC7215653", "title": "Sex-Specific SARS-CoV-2 Mortality: Among Hormone-Modulated ACE2 Expression, Risk of Venous Thromboembolism and Hypovitaminosis D.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["La Vignera, Sandro", "Cannarella, Rossella", "Condorelli, Rosita A", "Torre, Francesco", "Aversa, Antonio", "Calogero, Aldo E"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331343", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) appears to have a higher mortality rate in presence of comorbidities and in men. The latter suggests the presence of a possible sex-dependent susceptibility. An enzymatic system involved in this different predisposition could be represented by angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 is activated and down-regulated by the spike protein of the virus and allows the penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into epithelial cells and myocardium. Data on the experimental animal have shown that 17\u00df-estradiol increases the expression and activity of ACE2 in both adipose tissue and kidney. Spontaneously hypertensive male mice have a higher myocardial ACE2 expression than females and its levels decrease after orchiectomy. In addition to this first aspect, the recent evidence of an increased frequency of venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 (a clinical element associated with a worse prognosis) calls the attention on the safety of treatment with testosterone, in particular in hypogonadal men with greater genetic predisposition. Evidence that sex hormones are able to modulate the expression of ACE2 could help in interpreting epidemiological results and in designing more appropriate intervention strategies. Moreover, the vitamin D deficiency in elderly men may be worthy of further study regarding the epidemiological aspects of this different susceptibility and lethality between sexes."}, {"pmid": 32294504, "pmcid": "PMC7152865", "title": "CT imaging and clinical course of asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia at admission in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Meng, Heng", "Xiong, Rui", "He, Ruyuan", "Lin, Weichen", "Hao, Bo", "Zhang, Lin", "Lu, Zilong", "Shen, Xiaokang", "Fan, Tao", "Jiang, Wenyang", "Yang, Wenbin", "Li, Tao", "Chen, Jun", "Geng, Qing"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294504", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aimed to characterize the CT imaging and clinical course of asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia. Asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed by SARS-COV-2 nucleic acid testing in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were retrospectively enrolled. The characteristics of CT imaging and clinical feature were collected and analyzed. 58 asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to our hospital between Jan 1, 2020 and Feb 23, 2020 were enrolled. All patients had history of exposure to SARS-CoV-2. On admission, patients had no symptoms and laboratory findings were normal. The predominant feature of CT findings in this cohort was ground glass opacity (GGO) (55, 94.8%) with peripheral (44, 75.9%) distribution, unilateral location (34, 58.6%) and mostly involving one or two lobes (38, 65.5%), often accompanied by characteristic signs. After short-term follow-up, 16 patients (27.6%) presented symptoms with lower lymphocyte count and higher CRP, mainly including fever, cough and fatigue. The evolution of lesions on CT imaging were observed in 10 patients (17.2%). The average days of hospitalization was19.80\u00b110.82 days, and was significantly longer in progression patients (28.60\u00b17.55 day). CT imaging of asymptomatic cases with COVID-19 pneumonia has definite characteristics. Since asymptomatic infections as \"covert transmitter\", and some patients can progress rapidly in the short term. It is essential to pay attention to the surveillance of asymptomatic patients with COVID-19. CT scan has great value in screening and detecting patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, especially in the highly suspicious, asymptomatic cases with negative nucleic acid testing."}, {"pmid": 32319881, "title": "May hydrogen peroxide reduce the hospitalization rate and complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection?", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Caruso, Arturo Armone", "Del Prete, Antonio", "Lazzarino, Antonio Ivan", "Capaldi, Roberto", "Grumetto, Lucia"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319881", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371086, "pmcid": "PMC7196389", "title": "The pros and cons of traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Wang, Yali", "Zeng, Xian", "Zhao, Yufen", "Chen, Weiping", "Chen, Yu Zong"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371086", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361100, "pmcid": "PMC7182751", "title": "Amantadine as a drug to mitigate the effects of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Aranda Abreu, Gonzalo Emiliano", "Hernandez Aguilar, Maria Elena", "Herrera Covarrubias, Deissy", "Rojas Duran, Fausto"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361100", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread around the world. At this time, there is no vaccine that can help people prevent the spread of coronavirus. We are proposing amantadine as a drug that can be used to mitigate the effects of the virus. It is demonstrated by docking models how amantadine can exert its action on Coronavirus viroporin E."}, {"pmid": 32436600, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 as an extrahepatic precipitator of acute-on-chronic liver failure.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Grosse, Karsten", "Kramer, Matthijs", "Trautwein, Christian", "Bruns, Tony"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436600", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31979013, "pmcid": "PMC7077218", "title": "Emerging Viruses without Borders: The Wuhan Coronavirus.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Liu, Shan-Lu", "Saif, Linda"], "date": "2020-01-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31979013", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recently emerged coronavirus in Wuhan, China has claimed at least two lives as of January 17 and infected hundreds if not thousands of individuals. The situation has drawn international attention, including from the virology community. We applaud the rapid release to the public of the genome sequence of the new virus by Chinese virologists, but we also believe that increased transparency on disease reporting and data sharing with international colleagues are crucial for curbing the spread of this newly emerging virus to other parts of the world."}, {"pmid": 32325474, "title": "Changes to management of a non-pandemic illness during the COVID-19 pandemic: case study of invasive management of acute coronary syndrome.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Coffey, Sean", "Moynagh, Anouska", "Green, Belinda", "Edmond, John", "Wilkins, Gerard T", "Pemberton, James", "Wilkins, Ben", "Williams, Michael Ja", "Arnold, Brendan"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325474", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires significant changes to standard operating procedures for non-COVID-19 related illnesses. Balancing the benefit from standard evidence-based treatments with the risks posed by COVID-19 to patients, healthcare workers and to the population at large is difficult due to incomplete and rapidly changing information. In this article, we use management of acute coronary syndromes as a case study to show how these competing risks and benefits can be resolved, albeit incompletely. While the risks due to COVID-19 in patients with acute coronary syndromes is unclear, the benefits of standard management are well established in this condition. As an aid to decision making, we recommend systematic estimation of the risks and benefits for management of any condition where there is likely to be an increase in non-COVID-19 related mortality and morbidity due to changes in routine care."}, {"pmid": 32492557, "pmcid": "PMC7255745", "title": "Incidental CT findings in the lungs in COVID-19 patients presenting with abdominal pain.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Voutsinas, Nicholas", "Toussie, Danielle", "Jacobi, Adam", "Bernheim, Adam", "Chung, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492557", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) continues to spread, some patients are presenting with abdominal symptoms without respiratory complaints. Our case series documents four patients who presented with abdominal symptoms whose abdominopelvic CT revealed incidental pulmonary parenchymal findings in the imaged lung bases and were subsequently confirmed positive for COVID-19 via laboratory testing. It remains to be seen whether these patients will eventually develop respiratory symptoms. While it is possible that the patients' abdominal complaints are coincidental with CT findings, it is interesting that patients can have such extensive incidental disease in the lungs on CT without respiratory symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32416290, "pmcid": "PMC7235603", "title": "Immediate psychological distress in quarantined patients with COVID-19 and its association with peripheral inflammation: A mixed-method study.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Guo, Qian", "Zheng, Yuchen", "Shi, Jia", "Wang, Jijun", "Li, Guanjun", "Li, Chunbo", "Fromson, John A", "Xu, Yong", "Liu, Xiaohua", "Xu, Hua", "Zhang, Tianhong", "Lu, Yunfei", "Chen, Xiaorong", "Hu, Hao", "Tang, Yingying", "Yang, Shuwen", "Zhou, Han", "Wang, Xiaoliang", "Chen, Haiying", "Wang, Zhen", "Yang, Zongguo"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416290", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the end of 2019, Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been the cause of a worldwide pandemic. The mental status of patients with COVID-19 who have been quarantined and the interactions between their psychological distress and physiological levels of inflammation have yet to be analyzed. Using a mixed-method triangulation design (QUAN\u00a0+\u00a0QUAL), this study investigated and compared the mental status and inflammatory markers of 103 patients who, while hospitalized with mild symptoms, tested positive with COVID-19 and 103 matched controls that were COVID-19 negative. The severity of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) was measured via an on-line survey. Using a convenience sampling technique, qualitative data were collected until the point of data saturation. In addition, a semi-structured interview was conducted among five patients with COVID-19. Peripheral inflammatory markers were also collected in patients, both at baseline and within\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0three days of completing the on-line survey. Results revealed that COVID-19 patients, when compared to non-COVID controls, manifested higher levels of depression (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), anxiety (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), and post-traumatic stress symptoms (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). A gender effect was observed in the score of \"Perceived Helplessness\", the subscale of PSS-10, with female patients showing higher scores compared to male patients (Z\u00a0=\u00a02.56, P\u00a0=\u00a00.010), female (Z\u00a0=\u00a02.37, P\u00a0=\u00a00.018) and male controls (Z\u00a0=\u00a02.87, P\u00a0=\u00a00.004). Levels of CRP, a peripheral inflammatory indicator, correlated positively with the PHQ-9 total score (R\u00a0=\u00a00.37, P\u00a0=\u00a00.003, Spearman's correlation) of patients who presented symptoms of depression. Moreover, the change of CRP level from baseline inversely correlated with the PHQ-9 total score (R\u00a0=\u00a0-0.31, P\u00a0=\u00a00.002), indicative of improvement of depression symptoms. Qualitative analysis revealed similar results with respect to patient reports of negative feelings, including fear, guilt, and helplessness. Stigma and uncertainty of viral disease progression were two main concerns expressed by COVID-19 patients. Our results indicate that significant psychological distress was experienced by hospitalized COVID-19 patients and that levels of depressive features may be related to the inflammation markers in these patients. Thus, we recommend that necessary measures should be provided to address depression and other psychiatric symptoms for COVID-19 patients and attention should be paid to patient perceived stigma and coping strategies when delivering psychological interventions."}, {"pmid": 32515389, "title": "COVID-19 in children: Epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis and management.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Khan, Ejaz A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515389", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected children, including neonates, who mostly comprise of approximately 2% of total confirmed cases. Most children are asymptomatic or have mild disease and much lower mortality compared to adults for yet unknown reasons. Recovery from illness has largely been universal and <2% have severe disease requiring intensive care. Standardised guidelines from initial studies are now available for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Treatment is mostly supportive with no recommendations for any specific drugs so far. As the pandemic evolves, it is expected that more children will be diagnosed and treated with evolving newer regimens. Research should now focus on early diagnosis, better drugs for children, intensive care modalities, and a universal vaccine. New developments will help in better prevention asides from the other precautionary measures already being practiced."}, {"pmid": 32278505, "pmcid": "PMC7142669", "title": "[Hand hygiene and facemasks against COVID-19: Should we consider alternate strategies?]", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Cochereau, I", "Lamirel, C"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278505", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342500, "title": "Pregnant women's knowledge and practice of preventive measures against COVID-19 in a low-resource African setting.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Nwafor, Johnbosco I", "Aniukwu, Joseph K", "Anozie, Bonaventure O", "Ikeotuonye, Arinze C", "Okedo-Alex, Ijeoma N"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342500", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473497, "pmcid": "PMC7241308", "title": "Increasing global awareness of timely COVID-19 healthcare guidelines through FPV training tutorials: Portable public health crises teaching method.", "journal": "Nurse Educ Today", "authors": ["Ros, Maxime", "Neuwirth, Lorenz S"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473497", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has prompted a timely response from the healthcare system train a large and diverse group of healthcare workers/responders swiftly. In order to address this need, we created a downloadable pedagogical video content through first-person point-of-view to rapidly train users on COVID-19 procedures in the Revinax\u00ae Handbook mobile App. Eight new tutorials were designed through this technology platform to assist healthcare workers/responders caring for COVID-19 patients. A survey was then sent to assess their interest. In one-month since the App was created, it was downloaded by 12,516 users and a feedback survey determined that the users valued the tutorials in helping them learn COVID-19 procedures efficiently in real-time. The fast-growing number of downloads and positive user feedback evidences that we created a valuable educational tool with an emergent- and growing-demand. The 71.48% App user response rate, showed largely positive feedback of the COVID-19 tutorial. The fact that these healthcare workers/responders took the time to complete the survey during a pandemic was indicative of its immediate value. Further, the App users indicated that they FPV tutorial was rather helpful in addressing their training needs regarding their roles in COVID-19 patient care during the pandemic. The tutorials were deployed to offer efficient and rapid global public health educational outreach as a tool to address COVID-19 healthcare training in a timely manner."}, {"pmid": 32306513, "title": "Successful guselkumab treatment in a psoriatic patient affected with Cornelia de Lange syndrome, and prosecution during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Mugheddu, Cristina", "Dell'Antonia, Massimo", "Sanna, Silvia", "Agosta, Daniele", "Atzori, Laura", "Rongioletti, Franco"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306513", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Psychomotor delay and intellectual disability are potential limitations in psoriasis management, due to low compliance, and strict dependence from caregivers intervention. We report our successful experience with a 58-year-old woman, who was genetically affected by Cornelia De Lange syndrome, which causes intellectual disability and psychomotor disorders. The patient had been already treated with topical and traditional therapies, without any clinical benefits. Eventually, she adhered to guselkumab treatment. The compliance was excellent, significant improvements were observed after only 3\u2009months of treatment, without adverse effects. During follow-up, the COVID-19 pandemic address concern on the possible increased risk of infection due to immunosuppression. In agreement with current Italian recommendations, risk and benefits profile was discussed with the patient's legal tutor and the decision to continue the treatment was taken. Psoriasis complete clarification was maintained during the most difficult period of the Italian outbreak, allowing the patient to remain safely at home."}, {"pmid": 32247022, "pmcid": "PMC7118654", "title": "Pancreatic injury patterns in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Wang, Fan", "Wang, Haizhou", "Fan, Junli", "Zhang, Yongxi", "Wang, Hongling", "Zhao, Qiu"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247022", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423579, "pmcid": "PMC7251990", "title": "[Pediatric ophthalmology consultations during COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Speeg-Schatz, C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423579", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473352, "pmcid": "PMC7251353", "title": "Understanding the B and T cell epitopes of spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2: A computational way to predict the immunogens.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Vashi, Yoya", "Jagrit, Vipin", "Kumar, Sachin"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473352", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has caused a large number of deaths, with thousands of confirmed cases worldwide. The present study followed computational approaches to identify B- and T-cell epitopes for the spike (S) glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 by its interactions with the human leukocyte antigen alleles. We identified 24 peptide stretches on the SARS-CoV-2\u202fS protein that are well conserved among the reported strains. The S protein structure further validated the presence of predicted peptides on the surface, of which 20 are surface exposed and predicted to have reasonable epitope binding efficiency. The work could be useful for understanding the immunodominant regions in the surface protein of SARS-CoV-2 and could potentially help in designing some peptide-based diagnostics. Also, identified T-cell epitopes might be considered for incorporation in vaccine designs."}, {"pmid": 32473784, "pmcid": "PMC7245212", "title": "Teaching Remotely: Educating Radiology Trainees at the Workstation in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Nadgir, Rohini"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473784", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32184216, "title": "Covid-19: Trump sought to buy vaccine developer exclusively for US, say German officials.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184216", "countries": ["United States", "Germany"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448405, "title": "Characteristics of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia at Hvidovre Hospital, March-April 2020.", "journal": "Dan Med J", "authors": ["Israelsen, Simone Bastrup", "Kristiansen, Klaus Tjelle", "Hindsberger, Bettina", "Ulrik, Charlotte Suppli", "Andersen, Ove", "Jensen, Magnus", "Andersen, Sten", "Rasmussen, Christian", "Jorgensen, Henrik L", "Ostergaard, Christian", "Lindhardt, Bjarne Orskov", "Kronborg, Gitte", "Benfield, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448405", "countries": ["Denmark"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 occurred in Denmark on 27 February 2020. On 10 March, the first case of COVID-19 pneumonia was admitted to Hvidovre Hospital. Retrospective case review of individuals 18 years or older who were admitted consecutively to Hvidovre Hospital from 10 March through 23 April 2020. A total of 175 individuals were admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia. The median age was 71 years, 48.6% were male and 71% had at least one co-morbidity. The most commonly presenting symptoms were dyspnoea, dry cough, and fever. The majority of patients had lymphopenia, elevated liver function tests and C-reactive protein. Nearly two in three presented with multilobar infiltration by chest X-ray. Respiratory failure leading to invasive mechanical ventilation developed in 27 patients (15.4%). By 20 April, 23 of 175 (13.1%) patients remained hospitalised, 43 (24.6%) had died and 109 (62.3%) had been discharged. The manifestations of COVID-19 at presentation were similar to those seen in other reports. Our population was older, slightly overrepresented by women and had a high level of co-morbidity. COVID-19 admittance was associated with frequent need of intensive care and mechanical ventilation that was associated with a very high mortality. none. not relevant."}, {"pmid": 32525374, "title": "Living under the shadow of a pandemic: The psychological challenges underlying social distancing and awareness raising.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Zaidi, Aelia", "Ali, Amena Zehra"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525374", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The efforts of containing the novel virus (COVID-19) have now begun to show signs of psychological impact on societies across the globe. Social distancing and awareness campaigns can be double-edged sword, if handled inadequately. Herein, authors have shed light on the favorable and unfavorable aspects of living under lockdown. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32427316, "title": "Responding to COVID-19: The experience from Italy and recommendations for management and prevention.", "journal": "Int J Qual Health Care", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427316", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287787, "pmcid": "PMC7131653", "title": "Deadly unknowns.", "journal": "New Sci", "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287787", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are still scrambling to understand how dangerous the Wuhan coronavirus is."}, {"pmid": 32517542, "title": "Clinical uncertainty and Covid-19: Embrace the questions and find solutions.", "journal": "Palliat Med", "authors": ["Koffman, Jonathan", "Gross, Jamie", "Etkind, Simon Noah", "Selman, Lucy E"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517542", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513808, "title": "Procedural sedation in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Fawley, Nicholas", "Abdelmalak, Basem"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513808", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Resuming procedural sedation services for elective procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic requires unique considerations to ensure safety for patients and providers. Guidelines for resuming these procedures, including timing, screening and testing, use of personal protective equipment, and case planning are discussed. Approaches to procedural sedation can be modified to reduce the risk of droplet or aerosol transmission by decreasing nasal cannula oxygen supplementation flows. Decreasing the need for oxygen supplement can be accomplished by opioid and sedative sparing strategies, including the use of multimodal analgesia and non-pharmacologic analgesic and anxiolytic interventions. Recommendations are made for patients who are COVID-19 positive and require procedural sedation."}, {"pmid": 32226962, "title": "COVID-19 in a Patient Presenting with Syncope and a Normal Chest X-ray.", "journal": "R I Med J (2013)", "authors": ["Tape, Chantal", "Byrd, Katrina M", "Aung, Su", "Lonks, John R", "Flanigan, Timothy P", "Rybak, Natasha R"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226962", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus that has now affected hundreds of thousands of individuals across the world. Amidst this global pandemic, maintaining a high index of suspicion, rapid testing capacity, and infection control measures are required to curtail the virus' rapid spread. While fever and respiratory symptoms have been commonly used to identify COVID-19 suspects, we present an elderly female who arrived to the hospital after a syncopal episode. She was afebrile with a normal chest X-ray and there was no suspicion of COVID-19. She then developed a fever and tested positive for COVID-19. Our unique case underscores the increasing diversity of COVID-19 presentations and potential for initial mis- diagnosis and delay in implementing proper precautions."}, {"pmid": 32423587, "pmcid": "PMC7202828", "title": "COVID-19-associated nephritis: early warning for disease severity and complications?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Gross, Oliver", "Moerer, Onnen", "Weber, Manfred", "Huber, Tobias B", "Scheithauer, Simone"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423587", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385126, "title": "Importance of collecting data on socioeconomic determinants from the early stage of the COVID-19 outbreak onwards.", "journal": "J Epidemiol Community Health", "authors": ["Khalatbari-Soltani, Saman", "Cumming, Robert G", "Delpierre, Cyrille", "Kelly-Irving, Michelle"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385126", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disadvantaged socioeconomic position (SEP) is widely associated with disease and mortality, and there is no reason to think this will not be the case for the newly emerged coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has reached a pandemic level. Individuals with a more disadvantaged SEP are more likely to be affected by most of the known risk factors of COVID-19. SEP has been previously established as a potential determinant of infectious diseases in general. We hypothesise that SEP plays an important role in the COVID-19 pandemic either directly or indirectly via occupation, living conditions, health-related behaviours, presence of comorbidities and immune functioning. However, the influence of socioeconomic factors on COVID-19 transmission, severity and outcomes is not yet known and is subject to scrutiny and investigation. Here we briefly review the extent to which SEP has been considered as one of the potential risk factors of COVID-19. From 29 eligible studies that reported the characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and their potential risk factors, only one study reported the occupational position of patients with mild or severe disease. This brief overview of the literature highlights that important socioeconomic characteristics are being overlooked when data are collected. As COVID-19 spreads worldwide, it is crucial to collect and report data on socioeconomic determinants as well as race/ethnicity to identify high-risk populations. A systematic recording of socioeconomic characteristics of patients with COVID-19 will be beneficial to identify most vulnerable groups, to identify how SEP relates to COVID-19 and to develop equitable public health prevention measures, guidelines and interventions."}, {"pmid": 32498096, "title": "Intramural Hematoma as Unexpected Complication of COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Aorta (Stamford)", "authors": ["Terzi, Francesca", "Cefarelli, Mariano", "Fattori, Rossella", "Di Eusanio, Marco"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498096", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an ominous infectious disease that seems capable to attack any organ system, leading in the most severe cases to patient death. COVID-19 has been associated with multiple cardiovascular complications of inflammatory and immune origin, leading to a wide spectrum of vascular damage, myocardial injury, stroke, and pulmonary obstruction. We report the case of a patient with COVID-19 infection who developed an acute aortic syndrome with the characteristics of aortic intramural hematoma."}, {"pmid": 32360301, "pmcid": "PMC7187831", "title": "Proposal for the return to routine endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Gupta, Sunil", "Shahidi, Neal", "Gilroy, Nicole", "Rex, Douglas K", "Burgess, Nicholas G", "Bourke, Michael J"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360301", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many jurisdictions and gastroenterological societies around the world have suspended nonurgent endoscopy. Subject to country-specific variability, it is projected that with current mitigation measures in place, the peak incidence of active COVID-19 infections may be delayed by over 6 months. Although this aims to prevent the overburdening of healthcare systems, prolonged deferral of elective endoscopy will become unsustainable. Herein, we propose that by incorporating readily available point-of-care tests and conducting accurate clinical risk assessments, a safe and timely return to elective endoscopy is feasible. Our algorithm not only focuses on the safety of patients and healthcare workers, but also assists in rationalizing the use of invaluable resources such as personal protective equipment."}, {"pmid": 32464094, "pmcid": "PMC7237914", "title": "Introductions to the Community: Early-Career Researchers in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cell Stem Cell", "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464094", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has unfortunately halted lab work, conferences, and in-person networking, which is especially detrimental to researchers just starting their labs. Through social media and our reviewer networks, we met some early-career stem cell investigators impacted by the closures. Here, they introduce themselves and their research to our readers."}, {"pmid": 32493604, "pmcid": "PMC7211733", "title": "[Influence of the coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) pandemic on acute appendicitis].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Velayos, Maria", "Munoz-Serrano, Antonio Jesus", "Estefania-Fernandez, Karla", "Sarmiento Caldas, Ma Carmen", "Moratilla Lapena, Lucas", "Lopez-Santamaria, Manuel", "Lopez-Gutierrez, Juan Carlos"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493604", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute appendicitis (AA) is the most common abdominal surgical emergency. No specific studies have been found that evaluate the impact of the coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) pandemic on AA and its surgical management. An analysis was made on the influence of this new pathology on the clinical course of AA. Retrospective observational study was conducted on patients operated on for AA from January to April 2020. They were classified according to the time of the appendectomy, before the declaration of the state of alarm (pre-COVID-19), and after its declaration (post-COVID-19) in Spain, one the most affected countries in the world. An evaluation was made of demographic variables, duration of symptoms, type of appendicitis, surgical time, hospital stay, and postoperative complications. The study included 66 patients (41 pre-COVID-19; 25 post-COVID-19) with mean age of 10.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03 and 9.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.1; P\u00a0=\u00a0.073, respectively. Fever was found in a higher number of post-COVID-19 patients (52 vs. 19.5%; P\u00a0=\u00a00.013), as well as a higher CRP (72.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a096.2 vs. 31.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a036.2\u00a0mg/dL; P = 0.042). This group presented with a higher proportion of complicated appendicitis when compared to pre-COVID-19 (32 vs. 7.3%; P\u00a0=\u00a00.015). The mean hospital stay was longer in the post-COVID-19 group (5.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.9 vs. 3.2\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.3 days; P\u00a0=\u00a00.041). No differences were found in the time of onset of symptoms or surgical time. The SARS-Cov-2 pandemic influenced the time of diagnosis of appendicitis, as well as its course, and mean hospital stay. Peritonitis was more frequently seen. As a result of the significant circumstances, delaying diagnosis and treatment of AA during SARS-Cov-2 pandemic, inappropriate management of this common surgical disorder has been noticed."}, {"pmid": 32501348, "pmcid": "PMC7255156", "title": "Smokers are actually at a higher risk of dying from covid-19.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Wilson, Clare"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501348", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426529, "pmcid": "PMC7228662", "title": "Impact of shelter-in-place order for COVID-19 on trauma activations: Santa Clara County, California, March 2020.", "journal": "Trauma Surg Acute Care Open", "authors": ["Forrester, Joseph D", "Liou, Raymond", "Knowlton, Lisa M", "Jou, Ronald M", "Spain, David A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426529", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The shelter-in-place order for Santa Clara County, California on 16 March was the first of its kind in the USA. It was unknown what impact this order would have on trauma activations. We performed a retrospective analysis of institutional trauma registries among the two American College of Surgeons Level 1 trauma centers serving Santa Clara County, California. Trauma activation volumes at the trauma centers from January to March 2020 were compared with month-matched historical cohorts from 2018 to 2019. Only 81 (3%) patients were trauma activations at the trauma centers in the 15 days after the shelter-in-place order went into effect on 16 March 2020, compared with 389 activations during the same time period in 2018 and 2019 (p<0.0001). There were no other statistically significant changes to the epidemiology of trauma activations. Only one trauma activation had a positive COVID-19 test. Overall trauma activations decreased 4.8-fold after the shelter-in-place order went into effect in Santa Clara County on 16 March 2020, with no other effect on the epidemiology of persons presenting after traumatic injury. Shelter-in-place orders may reduce strain on healthcare systems by diminishing hospital admissions from trauma, in addition to reducing virus transmission."}, {"pmid": 32444286, "pmcid": "PMC7236724", "title": "Brain imaging findings in COVID-19: What do we know so far?", "journal": "J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Md Noh, Mohamad Syafeeq Faeez"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444286", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327001, "pmcid": "PMC7211796", "title": "Short-Term Effects of Mitigation Measures for the Containment of the COVID-19 Outbreak: An Experience From Northern Italy.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Moirano, Giovenale", "Schmid, Maurizio", "Barone-Adesi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327001", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We evaluated the short-term effects of mitigation measures imposed by the Italian government on the first 10 municipalities affected by Sars-Cov-2 spread. Our results suggest that the effects of containment measures can be appreciated in about approximately 2 wk."}, {"pmid": 32437822, "pmcid": "PMC7211584", "title": "Knowledge, attitude, practice and perceived barriers among healthcare professionals regarding COVID-19: A Cross-sectional survey from Pakistan.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Saqlain, Muhmmad", "Munir, Muhammad Muddasir", "Rehman, Saif Ur", "Gulzar, Aqsa", "Naz, Sahar", "Ahmed, Zaheer", "Tahir, Azhar Hussain", "Mashhood, Muhammad"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437822", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A self-administered validated (Cronbach alpha= 0.077) questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, attitude and practice among HCPs in Pakistan regarding COVID-19. Findings showed HCPs had good knowledge (93.2%, n=386), positive attitude (8.43\u00b11.78) and good practice (88.7%, n=367) regarding COVID-19. HCPs perceived that limited infection control material (50.7%, n=210) and poor knowledge regarding transmission (40.6%, n=168) are the major barriers in infection control practice. Regression analysis indicated pharmacist role (OR: 2.247, 95% CI: 1.11-4.55, P=0.025) was the substantial determinant of good practice. HCPs in Pakistan have good knowledge, yet, there were areas where gaps in knowledge and practice were observed."}, {"pmid": 32376669, "title": "Reducing risks from coronavirus transmission in the home-the role of viral load.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Little, Paul", "Read, Robert C", "Amlot, Richard", "Chadborn, Tim", "Rice, Cathy", "Bostock, Jennifer", "Yardley, Lucy"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376669", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378817, "title": "Inhaled Nebulized Sodium Pyruvate Use in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Isr Med Assoc J", "authors": ["Hidvegi, Mate"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378817", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32228736, "pmcid": "PMC7156582", "title": "Heart University: a new online educational forum in paediatric and adult congenital cardiac care. The future of virtual learning in a post-pandemic world?", "journal": "Cardiol Young", "authors": ["Tretter, Justin T", "Windram, Jonathan", "Faulkner, Theresa", "Hudgens, Michelle", "Sendzikaite, Skaiste", "Blom, Nico A", "Hanseus, Katarina", "Loomba, Rohit S", "McMahon, Colin J", "Zheleva, Bistra", "Kumar, Raman Krishna", "Jacobs, Jeffrey P", "Oechslin, Erwin N", "Webb, Gary D", "Redington, Andrew N"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228736", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Online learning has become an increasingly expected and popular component for education of the modern-day adult learner, including the medical provider. In light of the recent coronavirus pandemic, there has never been more urgency to establish opportunities for supplemental online learning. Heart University aims to be \"the go-to online resource\" for e-learning in CHD and paediatric-acquired heart disease. It is a carefully curated open access library of paedagogical material for all providers of care to children and adults with CHD or children with acquired heart disease, whether a trainee or a practising provider. In this manuscript, we review the aims, development, current offerings and standing, and future goals of Heart University."}, {"pmid": 32268052, "title": "Vitamin D, Covid-19 and Children.", "journal": "Ir Med J", "authors": ["Molloy, E J", "Murphy, N"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268052", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209549, "title": "Covid-19: trials of four potential treatments to generate \"robust data\" of what works.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Sayburn, Anna"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209549", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425202, "pmcid": "PMC7229733", "title": "Cardiothoracic Surgical Advocacy in a Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Speir, Alan M", "Yohe, Courtney", "Dearani, Joseph A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425202", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518152, "title": "Analyzing 2,589 child neurology telehealth encounters necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Rametta, Salvatore C", "Fridinger, Sara E", "Gonzalez, Alexander K", "Xian, Julie", "Galer, Peter D", "Kaufman, Michael", "Prelack, Marisa S", "Sharif, Uzma", "Fitzgerald, Mark P", "Melamed, Susan E", "Malcolm, Marissa P", "Kessler, Sudha Kilaru", "Stephenson, Donna J", "Banwell, Brenda L", "Abend, Nicholas S", "Helbig, Ingo"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518152", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the rapid implementation of child neurology telehealth outpatient care with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. This was a cohort study with retrospective comparison of 14,780 in-person encounters and 2,589 telehealth encounters including 2,093 audio-video telemedicine and 496 scheduled telephone encounters between 10/1/19 and 4/24/2020. We compared in-person and telehealth encounters for patient demographics and diagnoses. For audio-video telemedicine encounters, we analyzed questionnaire responses addressing provider experience, follow-up plans, technical quality, need for in-person assessment, and parent/caregiver satisfaction. We performed manual reviews of encounters flagged as concerning by providers. There were no differences in patient age and major ICD10 codes before and after transition. Clinicians considered telemedicine satisfactory in 93% (1200/1286) of encounters and suggested telemedicine as a component for follow-up care in 89% (1144/1286) of encounters. Technical challenges were reported in 40% (519/1314) of encounters. In-person assessment was considered warranted following 5% (65/1285) of encounters. Patients/caregivers indicated interest in telemedicine for future care in 86% (187/217) of encounters. Participation in telemedicine encounters compared to telephone encounters was less frequent amongst patients in racial or ethnic minority groups. We effectively converted most of our outpatient care to telehealth encounters, including mostly audio-video telemedicine encounters. Providers rated the vast majority of telemedicine encounters to be satisfactory, and only a small proportion of encounters required short-term in-person follow-up. These findings suggest telemedicine is feasible and effective for a large proportion of child neurology care. Additional strategies are needed to ensure equitable telemedicine utilization."}, {"pmid": 32444821, "title": "How lost lizards and Hurricane Irma are helping me get through coronavirus restrictions.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Herrmann, Nicholas"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444821", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333832, "pmcid": "PMC7267372", "title": "Skin cancer triage and management during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Tagliaferri, Luca", "Di Stefani, Alessandro", "Schinzari, Giovanni", "Fionda, Bruno", "Rossi, Ernesto", "Del Regno, Laura", "Gentileschi, Stefano", "Federico, Francesco", "Valentini, Vincenzo", "Tortora, Giampaolo", "Peris, Ketty"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333832", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The worldwide medical community is striving to pursue the most appropriate clinical choices in the worst event of pandemic of the modern times [1], with over 1 million patients affected by COVID-19 (i.e., swab positive patients with or without symptoms) reported so far [1]. In this context, the aim of the ideal management of cancer patients is to achieve the best possible balance between the two different issues to be considered, which include the risk of cancer progression and the risk of infectious disease."}, {"pmid": 32321856, "pmcid": "PMC7179937", "title": "Structure-based design of antiviral drug candidates targeting the SARS-CoV-2 main protease.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Dai, Wenhao", "Zhang, Bing", "Su, Haixia", "Li, Jian", "Zhao, Yao", "Xie, Xiong", "Jin, Zhenming", "Liu, Fengjiang", "Li, Chunpu", "Li, You", "Bai, Fang", "Wang, Haofeng", "Cheng, Xi", "Cen, Xiaobo", "Hu, Shulei", "Yang, Xiuna", "Wang, Jiang", "Liu, Xiang", "Xiao, Gengfu", "Jiang, Hualiang", "Rao, Zihe", "Zhang, Lei-Ke", "Xu, Yechun", "Yang, Haitao", "Liu, Hong"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321856", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent responsible for the global COVID-19 outbreak. The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is a key enzyme that plays a pivotal role in mediating viral replication and transcription. We designed and synthesized two lead compounds (11a and 11b) targeting Mpro Both exhibited excellent inhibitory activity and potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 infection activity. The X-ray crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro in complex with 11a or 11b, both determined at 1.5 \u00c5 resolution, showed that the aldehyde groups of 11a and 11b are covalently bound to Cys145 of Mpro Both compounds showed good PK properties in vivo, and 11a also exhibited low toxicity, suggesting that these compounds are promising drug candidates."}, {"pmid": 32291828, "pmcid": "PMC7235523", "title": "Psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis: How to manage immunosuppressants in COVID-19 days.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Coletto, Lavinia Agra", "Favalli, Ennio Giulio", "Caporali, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291828", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483500, "pmcid": "PMC7253078", "title": "Refractory Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Secondary to COVID-19 Successfully Extubated to Average Volume-assured Pressure Support Non-invasive Ventilator.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Mittal, Abhinav", "Forte, Michael", "Leonard, Rachel", "Sangani, Rahul", "Sharma, Sunil"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483500", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness caused by the highly infectious novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus spread by droplet transmission. Consequently, the use of respiratory devices that may potentially promote aerosolization like non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) for diseases such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), advanced chronic obstructive lung disease, pulmonary hypertension (PH), and neuromuscular respiratory disease has been called into question. We present a case of a patient with history of OSA and PH convalescing from refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID-19 who was successfully\u00a0extubated to average volume-assured pressure support (AVAPS). A 74-year-old male with medical history notable for OSA on NIPPV, PH, and hypertension presented with respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 confirmed on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test. His respiratory status worsened leading to ARDS\u00a0requiring intubation. He was initially extubated to\u00a0high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) due to hospital policy to avoid NIPPV due to concerns of\u00a0viral dissemination. He did not tolerate HFNC and required re-intubation for prolonged period.\u00a0He was then medically optimized for a second attempt and extubated two days later to AVAPS with an anti-viral filter and negative pressure room with a goal of optimizing his critical illness myopathy and pre-existing OSA and PH. He tolerated extubation well, and over the next five days was weaned from alternating AVAPS/HFNC\u00a0to eventually requiring two liters nasal cannula in the day and AVAPS mode at night. This case highlights a potential therapeutic option for patients with severe respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19. This patient's pre-existing comorbidities of OSA and PH markedly increased his risk for extubation failure on HFNC. The use of AVAPS after his second extubation attempt helped ensure ventilation and oxygenation non-invasively. COVID-19\u00a0can lead to prolonged dependence on mechanical ventilation. This pandemic has the potential to create medical resource scarcities, especially in rural areas where ventilators and trained personnel are already in short supply. By using AVAPS mode, this patient was able to rehabilitate his myopathy and participate in intermittent weaning of HFNC to ultimately simple nasal cannula. AVAPS is useful tool to facilitate extubation, as it allows non-invasive support of respiratory dynamics, particularly in those with co-morbidities such as OSA and PH. Further, larger scale studies are needed to determine its exact role during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32285510, "title": "Coronavirus and JMFT: An Editor's Note.", "journal": "J Marital Fam Ther", "authors": ["Harris, Steven M"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285510", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398901, "pmcid": "PMC7214287", "title": "In the midst of the perfect storm: swift public health actions needed in order to increase societal safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Saf Sci", "authors": ["Emmanouil, Pikoulis", "Karl, Puchner", "Eleni, Riza", "Eleni, Kakalou", "Elias, Pavlopoulos", "Constantinos, Tsiamis", "Vasileios, Tokakis", "Georgios, Boustras", "Agis, Terzidis", "Vasiliki, Karamagioli"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398901", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The phenomenal speed of COVID-19 has subjected the public health professionals worldwide to struggle to subdue the spread of the disease and its impact of the affected societies. The limited biomedical and epidemiological understanding of COVID-19 along with the lack of vaccines and therapeutics have led to the reception of draconian measures from the societal safety domain, limiting human interaction through social distancing. Grounded on the adopted approaches, interventions in sero-prevalence studies, mobilisation of the primary health care (PHC) sector, as well as target socially vulnerable groups should be taken into consideration by heath authorities."}, {"pmid": 32320741, "pmcid": "PMC7166301", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Zheng, Kenneth I", "Gao, Feng", "Wang, Xiao-Bo", "Sun, Qing-Feng", "Pan, Ke-Hua", "Wang, Ting-Yao", "Ma, Hong-Lei", "Chen, Yong-Ping", "Liu, Wen-Yue", "George, Jacob", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320741", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405783, "pmcid": "PMC7220850", "title": "Prevention and management of COVID-19 among patients with diabetes: an appraisal of the literature.", "journal": "Diabetologia", "authors": ["Katulanda, Prasad", "Dissanayake, Harsha A", "Ranathunga, Ishara", "Ratnasamy, Vithiya", "Wijewickrama, Piyumi S A", "Yogendranathan, Nilukshana", "Gamage, Kavinga K K", "de Silva, Nipun L", "Sumanatilleke, Manilka", "Somasundaram, Noel P", "Matthews, David R"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405783", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as one of the greatest challenges faced by humankind in the recent past. People with diabetes and related comorbidities are at increased risk of its complications and of COVID-19-related death. Older age, multi-morbidity, hyperglycaemia, cardiac injury and severe inflammatory response are predictors of poor outcome. The complex interplay between COVID-19, diabetes and the effects of related therapies is being explored. Most patients experience a mild illness with COVID-19, while people with diabetes are at increased risk of severe disease. Optimising glycaemic control and adopting measures to prevent disease spread are critical aspects. The management of mild disease is supportive, while very many immunomodulatory and antiviral therapies are being investigated for the treatment of severe disease. Several of these agents have specific considerations for use in people with diabetes. Since mass population lockdowns are considered a key step in controlling disease spread, it follows that, in addition to the direct vulnerability to severe COVID-19, people with diabetes can be affected by limited access to healthcare, insulin, other medications and blood glucose monitoring equipment. Measures to prevent disease spread at the individual and community level are the key to mitigating the rapidly escalating pandemic, while agents for chemoprophylaxis and vaccines are being explored. People with diabetes should be recognised as a vulnerable group for complicated disease and are at risk during times of disturbed social systems. Strategies are needed to safeguard the health of patients with diabetes during the pandemic. This review summarises the current knowledge and perceived challenges for prevention and management of COVID-19 in people with diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32479784, "pmcid": "PMC7260513", "title": "High prevalence of deep vein thrombosis in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Voicu, Sebastian", "Bonnin, Philippe", "Stepanian, Alain", "Chousterman, Benjamin G", "Le Gall, Arthur", "Malissin, Isabelle", "Deye, Nicolas", "Siguret, Virgine", "Mebazaa, Alexandre", "Megarbane, Bruno"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479784", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32167445, "title": "COVID-19: Not a Simple Public Health Emergency.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Stratton, Samuel J"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167445", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454510, "title": "Potential Immunoregulatory and Antiviral/SARS-CoV-2 Activities of Nitric Oxide.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Stefano, George B", "Esch, Tobias", "Kream, Richard M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454510", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nitric oxide (NO) represents a key signaling molecule in multiple regulatory pathways underlying vascular, metabolic, immune, and neurological function across animal phyla. Our brief critical discussion is focused on the multiple roles of the NO signaling pathways in the maintenance of basal physiological states of readiness in diverse cell types mediating innate immunological functions and in the facilitation of proinflammatory-mediated adaptive immunological responses associated with viral infections. Prior studies have reinforced the critical importance of constitutive NO signaling pathways in the homeostatic maintenance of the vascular endothelium, and state-dependent changes in innate immunological responses have been associated with a functional override of NO-mediated inhibitory tone. Accordingly, convergent lines of evidence suggest that dysregulation of NO signaling pathways, as well as canonical oxidative effects of inducible NO, may provide a permissive cellular environment for viral entry and replication. In immunologically compromised individuals, functional override and chronic rundown of inhibitory NO signaling systems promote aberrant expression of unregulated proinflammatory pathways resulting in widespread metabolic insufficiencies and structural damage to autonomous cellular and organ structures. We contend that restoration of normative NO tone via combined pharmaceutical, dietary, or complex behavioral interventions may partially reverse deleterious physiological conditions brought about by viral infection linked to unregulated adaptive immune responses."}, {"pmid": 32377387, "pmcid": "PMC7199186", "title": "High-flow Nasal Cannula Oxygenation Revisited in COVID-19.", "journal": "Card Fail Rev", "authors": ["Rali, Aniket S", "Nunna, Krishidhar R", "Howard, Christopher", "Herlihy, James P", "Guntupalli, Kalpalatha K"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377387", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398222, "title": "Covid-19: Pandemic exposes inequalities in global food systems.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398222", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363255, "pmcid": "PMC7123907", "title": "Investigation into SARS-CoV-2 Resistance of Compounds in Garlic Essential Oil.", "journal": "ACS Omega", "authors": ["Thuy, Bui Thi Phuong", "My, Tran Thi Ai", "Hai, Nguyen Thi Thanh", "Hieu, Le Trung", "Hoa, Tran Thai", "Thi Phuong Loan, Huynh", "Triet, Nguyen Thanh", "Anh, Tran Thi Van", "Quy, Phan Tu", "Tat, Pham Van", "Hue, Nguyen Van", "Quang, Duong Tuan", "Trung, Nguyen Tien", "Tung, Vo Thanh", "Huynh, Lam K", "Nhung, Nguyen Thi Ai"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363255", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Eighteen active substances, including 17 organosulfur compounds found in garlic essential oil (T), were identified by GC-MS analysis. For the first time, using the molecular docking technique, we report the inhibitory effect of the considered compounds on the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein in the human body that leads to a crucial foundation about coronavirus resistance of individual compounds on the main protease (PDB6LU7) protein of SARS-CoV-2. The results show that the 17 organosulfur compounds, accounting for 99.4% contents of the garlic essential oil, have strong interactions with the amino acids of the ACE2 protein and the main protease PDB6LU7 of SARS-CoV-2. The strongest anticoronavirus activity is expressed in allyl disulfide and allyl trisulfide, which account for the highest content in the garlic essential oil (51.3%). Interestingly, docking results indicate the synergistic interactions of the 17 substances, which exhibit good inhibition of the ACE2 and PDB6LU7 proteins. The results suggest that the garlic essential oil is a valuable natural antivirus source, which contributes to preventing the invasion of coronavirus into the human body."}, {"pmid": 32451533, "title": "Molecular Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in FFPE Samples and Histopathologic Findings in Fatal SARS-CoV-2 Cases.", "journal": "Am J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Sekulic, Miroslav", "Harper, Holly", "Nezami, Behtash G", "Shen, Daniel L", "Sekulic, Simona Pichler", "Koeth, Aaron T", "Harding, Clifford V", "Gilmore, Hannah", "Sadri, Navid"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451533", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report methods and findings of 2 autopsies with molecular evaluation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive individuals. Postmortem examination was completed following Centers for Disease Control and Prevention public guidelines. Numerous formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue types from each case were surveyed for SARS-CoV-2 RNA by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). SARS-CoV-2 viral genome was sequenced by next-generation sequencing (NGS) from FFPE lung tissue blocks. Postmortem examinations revealed diffuse alveolar damage, while no viral-associated hepatic, cardiac, or renal damage was observed. Viral RNA was detected in lungs, bronchi, lymph nodes, and spleen in both cases using qRT-PCR method. RNA sequencing using NGS in case 1 revealed mutations most consistent with Western European Clade A2a with ORF1a L3606F mutation. SARS-CoV-2 testing and viral sequencing can be performed from FFPE tissue. Detection and sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 in combination with morphological findings from postmortem tissue examination can aid in gaining a better understanding of the virus's pathophysiologic effects on human health."}, {"pmid": 32250659, "pmcid": "PMC7193801", "title": "COVID-19 and Cancer: Lessons From a Pooled Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "JCO Glob Oncol", "authors": ["Desai, Aakash", "Sachdeva, Sonali", "Parekh, Tarang", "Desai, Rupak"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250659", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350383, "pmcid": "PMC7189830", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: a moment for exposure science.", "journal": "J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol", "authors": ["Deziel, Nicole C", "Allen, Joseph G", "Scheepers, Paul T J", "Levy, Jonathan I"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350383", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530408, "title": "Acute Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 Pneumoniae: The Best Interface for an Optimal Management. A South Italian Experience.", "journal": "Turk Thorac J", "authors": ["Imitazione, Pasquale", "Polistina, Giorgio Emanuele", "Annunziata, Anna", "Di Spirito, Valentina", "Lanza, Maurizia", "Fiorentino, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530408", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522597, "title": "Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 with high dose oral zinc salts: A report on four patients.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Finzi, Eric"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522597", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic with substantial mortality and no accepted therapy. We report here on four consecutive outpatients with clinical characteristics (CDC case definition) of and/or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were treated with high dose zinc salt oral lozenges. All four patients experienced significant improvement in objective and symptomatic disease measures after one day of high dose therapy suggesting that zinc therapy was playing a role in clinical recovery. A mechanism for zinc's effects is proposed based on previously published studies on SARS- CoV-1, and randomized controlled trials assessing zinc shortening of common cold duration. The limited sample size and study design preclude a definitive statement about the effectiveness of zinc as a treatment for COVID-19 but suggest the variables to be addressed to confirm these initial findings in future trials."}, {"pmid": 32470350, "pmcid": "PMC7250097", "title": "Commentary: Myths and facts on vitamin D amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Chakhtoura, M", "Napoli, N", "El Hajj Fuleihan, G"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470350", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463703, "title": "We're Not All in This Together: On COVID-19, Intersectionality, and Structural Inequality.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Bowleg, Lisa"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463703", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516161, "title": "COVID-19 epidemic in the Seine-Saint-Denis Department of Greater Paris: one month and three waves for a tsunami.", "journal": "Eur J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Lapostolle, Frederic", "Goix, Laurent", "Vianu, Isabelle", "Chanzy, Erick", "De Stefano, Carla", "Gorlicki, Judith", "Petrovic, Tomislav", "Adnet, Frederic"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516161", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Worldwide, the COVID-19 epidemic has put health systems to the test. The excess mortality is partly due to the influx of patients requiring hospitalization and intensive care. We propose that the chronology of epidemic spread gives a window of time in which hospitals can act to prevent reaching capacity. The out-of-hospital SAMU Emergency Medical System in an entry point into the French health care system. We recorded the number of patients managed, of patients transferred to emergency departments (ED), and of mobile intensive care units (MICUs) dispatched. Each criterion was compared to the mean of the same criterion over the previous 5 years. The alert threshold which indicated a public health crisis was defined as a 20% increase compared to the 5-year mean. The reference period, from January 2015 to December 2019, included 3 381 611 calls, and 1 137 856 patients. The study period, from 17 February to 28 March 2020, included 166 888 calls, and 56 708 patients. The daily numbers of patients managed crossed the threshold on February 25, and increased until the end of the study period. The daily number of patients transferred to ED crossed the threshold on March 16, and increased until the end of the period. The daily number of MICUs dispatched crossed the threshold on March 15, and increased until the end of the period. The COVID-19 epidemic reached our department in three consecutive waves which overwhelmed the health care system. The first wave preceded by 30 days the massive arrival of critical patients. Health care systems must take advantage of this delay to prepare for the third wave."}, {"pmid": 32497413, "title": "NANDA-I, NOC, and NIC Linkages to SARS-Cov-2 (Covid-19): Part 1. Community Response.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Knowl", "authors": ["Moorhead, Sue", "Macieira, Tamara Goncalves Rezende", "Lopez, Karen Dunn", "Mantovani, Vanessa Monteiro", "Swanson, Elizabeth", "Wagner, Cheryl", "Abe, Noriko"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497413", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We developed linkages using interoperable standardized nursing terminologies, NANDA International (NANDA-I) nursing diagnoses, Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC), and Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), to present initial guidance for the development of care plans focused on COVID-19 for nurses practicing in community or public health roles. Seven nurse experts identified the linkages of NANDA-I, NOC and NIC for our work related to the COVID-19 pandemic. A model was developed to guide the project. The first step in creating linkages focused on the identification of nursing diagnoses. Then, for each nursing diagnosis, outcomes aligned with all components of the diagnosis were categorized and a list of nursing interventions was selected. The experts used their clinical judgment to make final decisions on the linkages selected in this study. Two community level nursing diagnoses were identified as key problems appropriate for a pandemic related to COVID-19: Deficient Community Health and Ineffective Community Coping. For the nursing diagnosis Deficient Community Health, eight nursing outcomes and 12 nursing interventions were selected. In comparison for the nursing diagnosis, Ineffective Community Coping, nine nursing outcomes and 18 nursing interventions were identified. A total of40 concepts were identified for future development across the three classifications. The nursing diagnoses, outcomes and interventions selected during this linkage process provide knowledge to support the community challenged with responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, provide the opportunity to quantify the impact of nursing care, and enhance nursing practice by promoting the use of three standardized terminologies. NANDA-I, NOC and NIC linkages identified in this manuscript provide resources to support clinical decisions and care plan development for nurses practicing in the community."}, {"pmid": 32420519, "pmcid": "PMC7224167", "title": "Endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic: simple construction of a single-use, disposable face shield using inexpensive and readily available materials.", "journal": "VideoGIE", "authors": ["Skamnelos, Alexandros", "Murino, Alberto", "Lazaridis, Nikolaos", "Cunado, Lloyd", "Despott, Edward J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420519", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268041, "title": "Audio Interview: Emerging Tools in the Fight against Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268041", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384820, "title": "Protocol and Reagents for Pseudotyping Lentiviral Particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein for Neutralization Assays.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Crawford, Katharine H D", "Eguia, Rachel", "Dingens, Adam S", "Loes, Andrea N", "Malone, Keara D", "Wolf, Caitlin R", "Chu, Helen Y", "Tortorici, M Alejandra", "Veesler, David", "Murphy, Michael", "Pettie, Deleah", "King, Neil P", "Balazs, Alejandro B", "Bloom, Jesse D"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384820", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 enters cells using its Spike protein, which is also the main target of neutralizing antibodies. Therefore, assays to measure how antibodies and sera affect Spike-mediated viral infection are important for studying immunity. Because SARS-CoV-2 is a biosafety-level-3 virus, one way to simplify such assays is to pseudotype biosafety-level-2 viral particles with Spike. Such pseudotyping has now been described for single-cycle lentiviral, retroviral, and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) particles, but the reagents and protocols are not widely available. Here, we detailed how to effectively pseudotype lentiviral particles with SARS-CoV-2 Spike and infect 293T cells engineered to express the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2. We also made all the key experimental reagents available in the BEI Resources repository of ATCC and the NIH. Furthermore, we demonstrated how these pseudotyped lentiviral particles could be used to measure the neutralizing activity of human sera or plasma against SARS-CoV-2 in convenient luciferase-based assays, thereby providing a valuable complement to ELISA-based methods that measure antibody binding rather than neutralization."}, {"pmid": 32267981, "pmcid": "PMC7262213", "title": "ISUOG Consensus Statement on rationalization of early-pregnancy care and provision of ultrasonography in context of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Bourne, T", "Kyriacou, C", "Coomarasamy, A", "Al-Memar, M", "Leonardi, M", "Kirk, E", "Landolfo, C", "Blanchette-Porter, M", "Small, R", "Condous, G", "Timmerman, D"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267981", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388011, "pmcid": "PMC7167577", "title": "Has there been an increased interest in smoking cessation during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic? A Google Trends study.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Heerfordt, C", "Heerfordt, I M"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388011", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359210, "pmcid": "PMC7267667", "title": "Clinical course of COVID-19 in a liver transplant recipient on hemodialysis and response to tocilizumab therapy: A case report.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Hammami, Muhammad Baraa", "Garibaldi, Brian", "Shah, Pali", "Liu, Gigi", "Jain, Tania", "Chen, Po-Hung", "Kim, Amy K", "Avdic, Edina", "Petty, Brent", "Strout, Sara", "Fine, Derek M", "Niranjan-Azadi, Ashwini", "Garneau, William M", "Cameron, Andrew M", "Monroy Trujillo, Jose M", "Gurakar, Ahmet", "Avery, Robin"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359210", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious and rapidly spreading disease. There are limited published data on the epidemiology and outcomes of COVID-19 infection among organ transplant recipients. After initial flulike symptoms, progression to an inflammatory phase may occur, characterized by cytokine release rapidly leading to respiratory and multiorgan failure. We report the clinical course and management of a liver transplant recipient on hemodialysis, who presented with COVID-19 pneumonia, and despite completing a 5-day course of hydroxychloroquine, later developed marked inflammatory manifestations with rapid improvement after administration of off-label, single-dose tocilizumab. We also highlight the role of lung ultrasonography in early diagnosis of the inflammatory phase of COVID-19. Future investigation of the effects of immunomodulators among transplant recipients with COVID-19 infection will be important."}, {"pmid": 32514210, "pmcid": "PMC7265930", "title": "The need for a coordinated international pandemic response.", "journal": "Bull World Health Organ", "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514210", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn attention to the international agreement governing responses to public health emergencies, with some experts calling for its revision. Lynn Eaton and Gary Humphreys report."}, {"pmid": 32526773, "title": "Impaired Breakdown of Bradykinin and Its Metabolites as a Possible Cause for Pulmonary Edema in COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Semin Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["de Maat, Steven", "de Mast, Quirijn", "Danser, A H Jan", "van de Veerdonk, Frank L", "Maas, Coen"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526773", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405189, "pmcid": "PMC7219360", "title": "Fast and economic cardboard cutout use to increase compliance of face mask wear during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Kashyap, Abhishek", "Singh, Keshave", "Sabat, Dhananjay", "Maini, Lalit"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405189", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277965, "pmcid": "PMC7194585", "title": "Disinfection of N95 respirators by ionized hydrogen peroxide during pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Cheng, V C C", "Wong, S-C", "Kwan, G S W", "Hui, W-T", "Yuen, K-Y"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277965", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367615, "title": "Trends and Innovations in Biosensors for COVID-19 Mass Testing.", "journal": "Chembiochem", "authors": ["Santiago, Ibon"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367615", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fast and widespread diagnosis is crucial to fighting against the outbreak of COVID-19. This work surveys the landscape of available and emerging biosensor technologies for COVID-19 testing. Molecular diagnostic assays based on quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction are used in most clinical laboratories. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed testing capacity and motivated the development of fast point-of-care tests and the adoption of isothermal DNA amplification. Antigenic and serological rapid tests based on lateral-flow immunoassays suffer from low sensitivity. Advanced digital systems enhance performance at the expense of speed and the need for large equipment. Emerging technologies, including CRISPR gene-editing tools, benefit from high sensitivity and specificity of molecular diagnostics and the easy use of lateral-flow assays. DNA sequencing and sample pooling strategies are highlighted to bring out the full capacity of the available biosensor technologies and accelerate mass testing."}, {"pmid": 32490932, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic as a Driver for Spreading Virtual Care Globally: The Future Starts Now.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Denadai, Rafael"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490932", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410003, "pmcid": "PMC7221011", "title": "Pathophysiology of COVID-19: Why Children Fare Better than Adults?", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Dhochak, Nitin", "Singhal, Tanu", "Kabra, S K", "Lodha, Rakesh"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410003", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is facing Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is causing a large number of deaths and burden on intensive care facilities. It is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) originating in Wuhan, China. It has been seen that fewer children contract COVID-19 and among infected, children have less severe disease. Insights in pathophysiological mechanisms of less severity in children could be important for devising therapeutics for high-risk adults and elderly. Early closing of schools and day-care centers led to less frequent exposure and hence, lower infection rate in children. The expression of primary target receptor for SARS-CoV-2,\u00a0i.e. angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), decreases with age. ACE-2 has lung protective effects by limiting angiotensin-2 mediated pulmonary capillary leak and inflammation. Severe COVID-19 disease is associated with high and persistent viral loads in adults. Children have strong innate immune response due to trained immunity (secondary to live-vaccines and frequent viral infections), leading to probably early control of infection at the site of entry. Adult patients show suppressed adaptive immunity and dysfunctional over-active innate immune response in severe infections, which is not seen in children. These could be related to immune-senescence in elderly. Excellent regeneration capacity of pediatric alveolar epithelium may be contributing to early recovery from COVID-19. Children, less frequently, have risk factors such as co-morbidities, smoking, and obesity. But young infants and children with pre-existing illnesses could be high risk groups and need careful monitoring. Studies describing immune-pathogenesis in COVID-19 are lacking in children and need urgent attention."}, {"pmid": 32498612, "title": "Letter to the Editor: Robot-Assisted and Minimally Invasive Pediatric Surgery and Urology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Short Literature Review.", "journal": "J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A", "authors": ["Esposito, Ciro", "Masieri, Lorenzo", "Castagnetti, Marco", "Crocetto, Felice", "Escolino, Maria"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498612", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has dramatically impacted our activities of pediatric surgeons and urologists over the past 3 months, especially in the field of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and robotics. Analyzing the available literature, there is very scarce evidence regarding the use of MIS and robotics for treatment of pediatric surgical and urological pathologies during this pandemic. However, we found some useful information that we would like to share with other pediatric surgeons and urologists through this journal. Based upon the available data, we believe that surgery should only be performed in pediatric patients with emergent/urgent and oncological indications until resolution of the COVID-19 outbreak. Robotics and MIS may be safely performed in such selected children by adopting specific technical precautions such as prevention of aerosol dispersion using filters/suction or adapted systems and appropriate use of electrocautery and other sealing devices for reduction of surgical smoke, as reported in our recent experience. Another key point to manage this pandemic emergency is that all hospitals should provide health care professionals with adequate individual protections and perform universal screening in all patients undergoing surgery. Considering that this pandemic is a rapidly evolving situation with new information available daily, these data resulting from the analysis of literature focused on pediatric robotics and MIS may be further revised and updated."}, {"pmid": 32243238, "pmcid": "PMC7194020", "title": "Chest CT Features of COVID-19 in Rome, Italy.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Caruso, Damiano", "Zerunian, Marta", "Polici, Michela", "Pucciarelli, Francesco", "Polidori, Tiziano", "Rucci, Carlotta", "Guido, Gisella", "Bracci, Benedetta", "de Dominicis, Chiara", "Laghi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243238", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background The standard for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus is reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, but chest CT may play a complimentary role in the early detection of COVID-19 pneumonia. Purpose To investigate CT features of patients with COVID-19 in Rome, Italy, and to compare the accuracy of CT with RT-PCR. Methods In this prospective study from March 4, 2020, until March 19, 2020, consecutive patients with suspected COVID-19 infection and respiratory symptoms were enrolled. Exclusion criteria were: chest CT with contrast medium performed for vascular indications, patients who refused chest CT or hospitalization, and severe CT motion artifact. All patients underwent RT-PCR and chest CT. Diagnostic performance of CT was calculated using RT-PCR as reference. Chest CT features were calculated in a subgroup of RT-PCR-positive and CT-positive patients. CT features of hospitalized patients and patient in home isolation were compared by using Pearson chi squared test. Results Our study population comprised 158 consecutive study participants (83 male and 75 female, mean age 57 y \u00b117). Fever was observed in 97/158 (61%), cough in 88/158 (56%), dyspnea in 52/158 (33%), lymphocytopenia in 95/158 (60%), increased C-reactive protein level in 139/158 (88%), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase in 128/158 (81%) study participants. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CT were 97% (60/62)[95% IC, 88-99%], 56% (54/96)[95% IC,45-66%] and 72% (114/158)[95% IC 64-78%], respectively. In the subgroup of RT-PCR-positive and CT-positive patients, ground-glass opacities (GGO) were present in 58/58 (100%), multilobe and posterior involvement were both present in 54/58 (93%), bilateral pneumonia in 53/58 (91%), and subsegmental vessel enlargement (> 3 mm) in 52/58 (89%) of study participants. Conclusion The typical pattern of COVID-19 pneumonia in Rome, Italy, was peripherally ground-glass opacities with multilobe and posterior involvement, bilateral distribution, and subsegmental vessel enlargement (> 3 mm). Chest CT sensitivity was high (97%) but with lower specificity (56%)."}, {"pmid": 32419776, "pmcid": "PMC7224660", "title": "Changing oncology treatment paradigms in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Colorectal Cancer", "authors": ["Lou, Emil", "Subramanian, Subbaya"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419776", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360077, "pmcid": "PMC7195279", "title": "Estimating severe and critical illness in children with COVID-19.", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Salemi, Jason L", "Menard, Janelle", "Pathak, Elizabeth Barnett"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360077", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32140538, "pmcid": "PMC7049657", "title": "The novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a one health issue.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["Marty, Aileen Maria", "Jones, Malcolm K"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32140538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145772, "pmcid": "PMC7135007", "title": "COVID-19: too little, too late?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145772", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515823, "title": "Homeless Shelters Face High COVID-19 Risks.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Kuehn, Bridget M"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515823", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295787, "title": "SLE, hydroxychloroquine and no SLE patients with COVID-19: a comment.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295787", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475183, "title": "Does lopinavir measure up in the treatment of Covid-19?", "journal": "Expert Opin Investig Drugs", "authors": ["Doggrell, Sheila A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475183", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lopinavir in combination with ritonavir is approved for the treatment of HIV and has recently been subject to a clinical trial in severe COVID-19. This evaluation is of LOTUS China (the Lopinavir Trial for Suppression of SARS-Cov-2 in China), which was a randomized trial in hospitalized subjects with COVID-9 in a respiratory sample and pneumonia. As, in severe COVID-19, lopinavir/ritonavir had no beneficial effects but increased gastrointestinal adverse effects, this combination should not be used at this stage of COVID-19. In my opinion, the rationale for undertaking a trial of lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 was poor. The analysis of a modified intention to treat group analysis in LOTUS China may have introduced bias. After LOTUS China, there is probably no future for lopinavir in the treatment of severe COVID-19, but some clinical trials for prevention or in various stages of COVID-19 have recently started or are ongoing. The major limitation of these trials is that as lopinavir does not inhibit COVID-19, it is unlikely to prevent infection, reduce viral load, or reduce the severity. However, these trials may be worthwhile in finally determining whether lopinavir has any role in preventing or treating COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32507313, "title": "A British Society of Thoracic Imaging statement: considerations in designing local imaging diagnostic algorithms for the COVID-19 pandemic. A reply.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Nair, A", "Rodrigues, J C L", "Hare, S S", "Edey, A", "Devaraj, A", "Jacob, J", "Johnstone, A", "McStay, R", "Denton, E", "Robinson, G"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507313", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401219, "pmcid": "PMC7238862", "title": "Measuring the Outreach Efforts of Public Health Authorities and the Public Response on Facebook During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Early 2020: Cross-Country Comparison.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Sesagiri Raamkumar, Aravind", "Tan, Soon Guan", "Wee, Hwee Lin"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401219", "countries": ["Singapore", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic presents one of the most challenging global crises at the dawn of a new decade. Public health authorities (PHAs) are increasingly adopting the use of social media such as Facebook to rapidly communicate and disseminate pandemic response measures to the public. Understanding of communication strategies across different PHAs and examining the public response on the social media landscapes can help improve practices for disseminating information to the public. This study aims to examine COVID-19-related outreach efforts of PHAs in Singapore, the United States, and England, and the corresponding public response to these outreach efforts on Facebook. Posts and comments from the Facebook pages of the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Singapore, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States, and Public Health England (PHE) in England were extracted from January 1, 2019, to March 18, 2020. Posts published before January 1, 2020, were categorized as pre-COVID-19, while the remaining posts were categorized as peri-COVID-19 posts. COVID-19-related posts were identified and classified into themes. Metrics used for measuring outreach and engagement were frequency, mean posts per day (PPD), mean reactions per post, mean shares per post, and mean comments per post. Responses to the COVID-19 posts were measured using frequency, mean sentiment polarity, positive to negative sentiments ratio (PNSR), and positive to negative emotions ratio (PNER). Toxicity in comments were identified and analyzed using frequency, mean likes per toxic comment, and mean replies per toxic comment. Trend analysis was performed to examine how the metrics varied with key events such as when COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. The MOH published more COVID-19 posts (n=271; mean PPD 5.0) compared to the CDC (n=94; mean PPD 2.2) and PHE (n=45; mean PPD 1.4). The mean number of comments per COVID-19 post was highest for the CDC (mean CPP 255.3) compared to the MOH (mean CPP 15.6) and PHE (mean CPP 12.5). Six major themes were identified, with posts about prevention and safety measures and situation updates being prevalent across the three PHAs. The themes of the MOH's posts were diverse, while the CDC and PHE posts focused on a few themes. Overall, response sentiments for the MOH posts (PNSR 0.94) were more favorable compared to response sentiments for the CDC (PNSR 0.57) and PHE (PNSR 0.55) posts. Toxic comments were rare (0.01%) across all PHAs. PHAs' extent of Facebook use for outreach purposes during the COVID-19 pandemic varied among the three PHAs, highlighting the strategies and approaches that other PHAs can potentially adopt. Our study showed that social media analysis was capable of providing insights about the communication strategies of PHAs during disease outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32379726, "pmcid": "PMC7233008", "title": "Epidemiological Analysis of the First 1389 Cases of COVID-19 in Poland: A Preliminary Report.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Gujski, Mariusz", "Raciborski, Filip", "Jankowski, Mateusz", "Nowicka, Paulina Maria", "Rakocy, Kamil", "Pinkas, Jaroslaw"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379726", "countries": ["Germany", "Czechia", "Poland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUND The World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. This paper presents an epidemiological analysis of the first phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out between 3 and 27 March 2020 on a sample of 1389 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in Poland. Data were obtained from epidemiological reports collected by the Chief Sanitary Inspectorate. Analysis includes the number of COVID-19 cases, number of deaths, number of hospitalizations, number of people quarantined, and number of laboratory tests performed. RESULTS The first case was confirmed on 4 March 2020. Over 24 days after the first case, the total number of confirmed infections rose to 1389 (34,000 laboratory tests were performed). The highest incidence rates (over 5 per 100,000) were observed in the 2 central administrative regions (Mazowieckie and \u0141\u00f3dzkie) and in the south-western region of Dolno\u015bl\u0105skie, which borders the Czech Republic and Germany. Based on available data about age and sex, a clearly higher incidence was observed in the 20-29 years (4.0 per 100,000), 40-49 years (4.1 per 100,000), and 50-59 years (4.3 per 100,000) age groups. In the period analyzed (24 days), there were 16 confirmed deaths (average age 65.5 years; 81.2% males). CONCLUSIONS The proportion of women and men with confirmed COVID-19 infection was similar to the sex ratio in the general population. Infections were relatively less common in those aged under 20 years. The largest numbers of confirmed cases were detected in 3 of the 4 largest cities, each of which has an international airport."}, {"pmid": 32286675, "title": "Covid-19 and Post Intensive Care Syndrome: A Call for Action.", "journal": "J Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Stam, Henk J", "Stucki, Gerold", "Bickenbach, Jerome"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286675", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although we are currently overwhelmed by the astonishing speed of infection of the Covid-19 pandemic, and the daily onslaught of new, and ever-worsening predictions, it is vital that we begin to prepare for the aftershocks of the pandemic. Prominent among this will be the cohort of post-intensive case survivors who have been mechanically ventilated and will like experience short- and medium-term consequences. The notion that patients surviving intensive care and mechanical ventilation for several weeks can be discharged home without further medical attention is a dangerous illusion. Post Intensive Care Syndrome and other severe conditions will require not only adequate screening but early rehabilitation and other interventions. Action must be taken now to prepare for this inevitable aftershock to the healthcare system."}, {"pmid": 32498076, "title": "Association of hypertension and antihypertensive treatment with COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective observational study.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Gao, Chao", "Cai, Yue", "Zhang, Kan", "Zhou, Lei", "Zhang, Yao", "Zhang, Xijing", "Li, Qi", "Li, Weiqin", "Yang, Shiming", "Zhao, Xiaoyan", "Zhao, Yuying", "Wang, Hui", "Liu, Yi", "Yin, Zhiyong", "Zhang, Ruining", "Wang, Rutao", "Yang, Ming", "Hui, Chen", "Wijns, William", "McEvoy, J William", "Soliman, Osama", "Onuma, Yoshinobu", "Serruys, Patrick W", "Tao, Ling", "Li, Fei"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498076", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It remains unknown whether the treatment of hypertension influences the mortality of patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This is a retrospective observational study of all patients admitted with COVID-19 to Huo Shen Shan Hospital. The hospital was dedicated solely to the treatment of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Hypertension and the treatments were stratified according to the medical history or medications administrated prior to the infection. Among 2877 hospitalized patients, 29.5% (850/2877) had a history of hypertension. After adjustment for confounders, patients with hypertension had a two-fold increase in the relative risk of mortality as compared with patients without hypertension [4.0% vs. 1.1%, adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-3.82, P = 0.013]. Patients with a history of hypertension but without antihypertensive treatment (n = 140) were associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality compared with those with antihypertensive treatments (n = 730) (7.9% vs. 3.2%, adjusted HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.03-4.57, P = 0.041). The mortality rates were similar between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor (4/183) and non-RAAS inhibitor (19/527) cohorts (2.2% vs. 3.6%, adjusted HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.28-2.58, P = 0.774). However, in a study-level meta-analysis of four studies, the result showed that patients with RAAS inhibitor use tend to have a lower risk of mortality (relative risk 0.65, 95% CI 0.45-0.94, P = 0.20). While hypertension and the discontinuation of antihypertensive treatment are suspected to be related to increased risk of mortality, in this retrospective observational analysis, we did not detect any harm of RAAS inhibitors in patients infected with COVID-19. However, the results should be considered as exploratory and interpreted cautiously."}, {"pmid": 32334087, "pmcid": "PMC7195138", "title": "Senegal faces the coronavirus disease -19 challenge.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Sokhna, Cheikh"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334087", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402930, "pmcid": "PMC7198989", "title": "Letter to the editors in response to: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be harmful in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic (Cure et al.).", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Ekiz, Timur", "Kara, Murat", "Ozcakar, Levent"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402930", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416318, "pmcid": "PMC7235628", "title": "Lung Ultrasound for Cardiologists in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Kiamanesh, Omid", "Harper, Lea", "Wiskar, Katie", "Luksun, Warren", "McDonald, Michael", "Ross, Heather", "Woo, Anna", "Granton, John"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416318", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a point-of-care ultrasound technique used for its portability, widespread availability, and ability to provide real-time diagnostic information for procedural guidance. LUS outperforms lung auscultation and chest X-ray, and it is an alternative to chest computed tomography in selected cases. Cardiologists may enhance their physical and echocardiographic examination with the addition of LUS. We present a practical guide to LUS, including device selection, scanning, findings, and interpretation. We outline a 3-point scanning protocol using 2-dimensional and M-mode imaging to evaluate the pleural line, pleural space, and parenchyma. We describe LUS findings and interpretation for common causes of respiratory failure. We provide guidance specific of COVID-19, which at the time of writing is a global pandemic. In this context, LUS emerges as a particularly useful tool for the diagnosis and management of patients with cardiopulmonary disease."}, {"pmid": 32371561, "title": "Pulmonary function testing precautions in a time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Ramos, Jose Angel"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371561", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, Cleveland Clinic has put in place several pulmonary function testing precautions to reduce the risk of infection. Precautions include efforts to perform only essential testing, wear personal protective equipment, reduce exposure to aerosolized particles, manage virtually by phone conference, conserve scare medications, clean equipment as recommended, consolidate testing, and defer testing."}, {"pmid": 32376131, "pmcid": "PMC7177054", "title": "Psychiatry in the aftermath of COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment", "authors": ["Vieta, Eduard", "Perez, Victor", "Arango, Celso"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376131", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329380, "pmcid": "PMC7196919", "title": "Adipose-derived stromal stem cells (ASCs) as a new regenerative immediate therapy combating coronavirus (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia.", "journal": "Expert Opin Biol Ther", "authors": ["Gentile, Pietro", "Sterodimas, Aris"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329380", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354535, "pmcid": "PMC7172838", "title": "The Rapid Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic by the Arthroplasty Divisions at Two Academic Referral Centers.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Pelt, Christopher E", "Campbell, Kevin L", "Gililland, Jeremy M", "Anderson, Lucas A", "Peters, Christopher L", "Barnes, C Lowry", "Edwards, Paul K", "Mears, Simon C", "Stambough, Jeffrey B"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has created widespread changes across all of health care. As a result, the impacts on the delivery of orthopedic services have been challenged. To ensure and provide adequate health care resources in terms of hospital capacity and personnel and personal protective equipment, service lines such as adult reconstruction and lower limb arthroplasty have stopped or substantially limited elective surgeries and have been forced to re-engineer care processes for a high volume of patients. Herein, we summarize the similar approaches by two arthroplasty divisions in high-volume academic referral centers in (1) the cessation of elective surgeries, (2) workforce restructuring, (3) phased delivery of outpatient and inpatient care, and (4) educational restructuring."}, {"pmid": 32346874, "pmcid": "PMC7267260", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and the hidden carriers: Sewage, feline, and blood transfusion.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ali, Muhammad", "Zaid, Muhammad", "Saqib, Muhammad Arif Nadeem", "Ahmed, Haroon", "Afzal, Muhammad Sohail"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346874", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473756, "pmcid": "PMC7242930", "title": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Soh, Mitsuhito", "Hifumi, Toru", "Isokawa, Shutaro", "Shimizu, Masato", "Otani, Norio", "Ishimatsu, Shinichi"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473756", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the first two cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) who were receiving intensive care including favipiravir, and were clinically diagnosed with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) to focus attention on NMS in COVID-19 management. Case 1: A 46-year-old-man with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19 infection was being administered favipiravir. Fentanyl, propofol, and rocuronium were also given. On day 3, midazolam administration was initiated for deep sedation. On day 5, his high body temperature increased to 41.2\u202f\u00b0C, creatine kinase level elevated, and he developed tachycardia, tachypnea, altered consciousness, and diaphoresis. NMS was suspected, and supportive therapy was initiated. High-grade fever persisted for 4\u202fdays and subsided on day 9. Case 2: A 44-year-old-man with ARDS caused by COVID-19 infection was being treated with favipiravir. On day 5, risperidone was started for delirium. On day 7, his body temperature suddenly increased to 40.8\u202f\u00b0C, his CK level elevated, and he developed tachycardia, tachypnea, altered consciousness, and diaphoresis. NMS diagnosis was confirmed, and both, favipiravir and risperidone were discontinued on day 8. On the same day, his CK levels decreased, and his body temperature normalized on day 9. Patients with COVID-19 infection frequently require deep sedation and develop delirium; therefore, more attention should be paid to the development of NMS in patients who are being administered such causative agents. The mechanism underlying the occurrence of NMS in COVID-19 patients treated with favipiravir remains unknown. Therefore, careful consideration of NMS development is necessary in the management of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32320641, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmission Potential, Iran, 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Muniz-Rodriguez, Kamalich", "Fung, Isaac Chun-Hai", "Ferdosi, Shayesteh R", "Ofori, Sylvia K", "Lee, Yiseul", "Tariq, Amna", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320641", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the transmission potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Iran in 2020, we estimated the reproduction number as 4.4 (95% CI 3.9-4.9) by using a generalized growth model and 3.5 (95% CI 1.3-8.1) by using epidemic doubling time. The reproduction number decreased to 1.55 after social distancing interventions were implemented."}, {"pmid": 32513202, "title": "From COVID-19 research to vaccine application: why might it take 17 months not 17 years and what are the wider lessons?", "journal": "Health Res Policy Syst", "authors": ["Hanney, Stephen R", "Wooding, Steven", "Sussex, Jon", "Grant, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513202", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is often said that it takes 17\u2009years to move medical research from bench to bedside. In a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) world, such time-lags feel intolerable. In these extraordinary circumstances could years be made into months? If so, could those lessons be used to accelerate medical research when the crisis eases?To measure time-lags in health and biomedical research as well as to identify ways of reducing them, we developed and published (in 2015) a matrix consisting of overlapping tracks (or stages/phases) in the translation from discovery research to developed products, policies and practice. The matrix aids analysis by highlighting the time and actions required to develop research (and its translation) both (1) along each track and (2) from one track to another, e.g. from the discovery track to the research-in-humans track. We noted four main approaches to reducing time-lags, namely increasing resources, working in parallel, starting or working at risk, and improving processes.Examining these approaches alongside the matrix helps interpret the enormous global effort to develop a vaccine for the 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Rapid progress in the discovery/basic and human research tracks is being made through a combination of large-scale funding, work being conducted in parallel (between different teams globally and through working in overlapping tracks), working at greater (but proportionate) risk to safety than usual, and adopting various new processes. The overlapping work of some of the teams involves continuing animal research whilst entering vaccine candidates into Phase I trials alongside planning their Phase II trials. The additional funding available helps to reduce some of the usual financial risks in moving so quickly. Going forward through the increasingly large human trials for safety, dosage and efficacy, it will be vital to overlap work in parallel in the often challenging public policy and clinical tracks. Thus, regulatory and reimbursement bodies are beginning and preparing rapid action to pull vaccines proving to be safe and effective through to extraordinarily rapid application to the general population. Monitoring the development of a COVID-19 vaccine using the matrix (modified as necessary) could help identify which of the approaches speeding development and deployment could be usefully applied more widely in the future."}, {"pmid": 32433272, "pmcid": "PMC7273935", "title": "Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: The COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Khanna, Sahil", "Pardi, Darrell"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433272", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416771, "pmcid": "PMC7255114", "title": "COVID-19 in patients with HIV.", "journal": "Lancet HIV", "authors": ["Jones, Rachael", "Nelson, Mark", "Bracchi, Margherita", "Asboe, David", "Boffito, Marta"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416771", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381502, "title": "Return to play after COVID-19: a sport cardiologist's view.", "journal": "Br J Sports Med", "authors": ["Dores, Helder", "Cardim, Nuno"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381502", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486856, "title": "New Paradigms in Diabetes Management From the Epicenter.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Levy, Carol J", "Levister, Camilla M", "Shah, Nirali A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486856", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219367, "title": "A Framework for Rationing Ventilators and Critical Care Beds During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["White, Douglas B", "Lo, Bernard"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219367", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332019, "title": "Covid-19: Trust withdraws guidance that doctors need not put \"covid-19\" on death certificates.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Clare"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332019", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458558, "pmcid": "PMC7267086", "title": "When Separation is not the Answer: Breastfeeding Mothers and Infants affected by COVID-19.", "journal": "Matern Child Nutr", "authors": ["Tomori, Cecilia", "Gribble, Karleen", "Palmquist, Aunchalee E L", "Ververs, Mija-Tesse", "Gross, Marielle S"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458558", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organisation (WHO) has provided detailed guidance on the care of infants of women who are a person under investigation (PUI) or confirmed to have COVID-19, which supports immediate postpartum mother-infant contact and breastfeeding with appropriate respiratory precautions. Although many countries have followed WHO guidance, others have implemented infection prevention and control policies (IPC) that impose varying levels of postpartum separation and discourage or prohibit breastfeeding or provision of expressed breastmilk. These policies aim to protect infants from the potential harm of infection from their mothers, yet they may fail to fully account for the impact of separation. Global COVID-19 data are suggestive of potentially lower susceptibility and a typically milder course of disease among children, although the potential for severe disease in infancy remains. Separation causes cumulative harms, including disrupting breastfeeding and limiting its protection against infectious disease, which has disproportionate impacts on vulnerable infants. Separation also presumes the replaceability of breastfeeding - a risk that is magnified in emergencies. Moreover, separation does not ensure lower viral exposure during hospitalizations and post-discharge, and contributes to the burden on overwhelmed health systems. Finally, separation magnifies maternal health consequences of insufficient breastfeeding and compounds trauma in communities who have experienced long-standing inequities and violence, including family separation. Taken together, separating PUI/confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive mothers and their infants may lead to excess preventable illnesses and deaths among infants and women around the world. Health services must consider the short-and-long-term impacts of separating mothers and infants in their policies."}, {"pmid": 32527286, "pmcid": "PMC7289223", "title": "COVID-19: opening a new paradigm in thromboprophylaxis for critically ill patients?", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Ferrandis, Raquel", "Llau, Juan V", "Quintana, Manuel", "Sierra, Pilar", "Hidalgo, Francisco", "Cassinello, Concepcion", "Gomez-Luque, Aurelio"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527286", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253197, "title": "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation after hospital admission with covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Fritz, Zoe", "Perkins, Gavin D"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253197", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366725, "title": "COVID -19 Pandemic: The Challenges for Pediatric Oncology.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Seth, Rachna"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366725", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32160273, "pmcid": "PMC7081177", "title": "How Should U.S. Hospitals Prepare for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)?", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Chopra, Vineet", "Toner, Eric", "Waldhorn, Richard", "Washer, Laraine"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160273", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368797, "pmcid": "PMC7267416", "title": "Rethinking the role of senior medical students in the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Wang, Jim H-S", "Tan, Sarah", "Raubenheimer, Kyle"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368797", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442454, "pmcid": "PMC7235576", "title": "Which cancer type has the highest risk of COVID-19 infection?", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Cai, Changjing", "Ahmed, Omar Abdihamid", "Shen, Hong", "Zeng, Shan"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442454", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32231320, "title": "Blocking information on COVID-19 can fuel the spread of misinformation.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Larson, Heidi J"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231320", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389526, "pmcid": "PMC7190518", "title": "[Management of ocular cancer during COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Cassoux, N"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389526", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479828, "pmcid": "PMC7259895", "title": "The right to health must guide responses to COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Puras, Dainius", "de Mesquita, Judith Bueno", "Cabal, Luisa", "Maleche, Allan", "Meier, Benjamin Mason"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479828", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529094, "pmcid": "PMC7270632", "title": "Smoking behavior and psychological dynamics during COVID-19 social distancing and stay-at-home policies: A survey.", "journal": "Health Psychol Res", "authors": ["Caponnetto, Pasquale", "Inguscio, Lucio", "Saitta, Claudio", "Maglia, Marilena", "Benfatto, Francesca", "Polosa, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529094", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, about 60 million of Italians stayed at home. These circumstances may generate exceptional challenges and stress for people who regularly use cigarettes, ecigarettes, heated tobacco products, dual users, former smokers and never smokers. Here, we present results from a study that was aimed at surveying smoking behaviour and psychological dynamics during the Italian COVID-19 social distancing and stay-at-home policies. Participants living in Italy were invited to complete an online brief questionnaire. A questionnaire was prepared and uploaded in an online survey tool. They were asked to participate regardless of their current smoking status and were divided in seven subgroups. In total, 1825 participants were included in the analysis. Exclusive cigarette smokers; Dual users of cigarette and ecigarettes; Dual users of cigarette and heated tobacco products; Former smokers; Exclusive users of e-cigarette; Exclusive users of heated tobacco products; never smoker. Dual users of cigarette and e-cigarette and exclusive cigarette smokers perceived that their daily consumption has slightly decreased. Exclusive cigarette smokers and exclusive e-cigarette users changed the way of purchasing products. Most exclusive cigarette smokers have considered quitting but most exclusive e-cigarette users have not considered stopping the use of e-cigarettes. In former smokers' group, about one third of participants declared thoughts about starting to smoke again and in never smokers' group few participants declared intention to start smoking. The COVID-19 era could be considered a \"transition\" phase and as such requires a search for a new balance. These changes in everyday habits can be a significant moment to use established and emerging strategies to create a definitive smoke-free world."}, {"pmid": 32515337, "title": "[Remdesivir til behandling af COVID-19-pneumoni].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Benfiels, Thomas", "Jensen, Thomas Ostergaard", "Johansen, Isik Somuncu", "Nielsen, Henrik", "Wiese, Lothar", "Ostergaard, Lars", "Lundgren, Jens"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515337", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470231, "title": "Community Mental Health Care in the COVID-19 Response: An Italian Example.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Caroppo, Emanuele", "Lega, Ilaria", "Cognetti, Danilo", "Rotunno, Vittoria"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470231", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337324, "pmcid": "PMC7180158", "title": "The Data set for Patient Information Based Algorithm to Predict Mortality Cause by COVID-19.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Li, Jing", "Wang, Lishi", "Guo, Sumin", "Xie, Ning", "Yao, Lan", "Cao, Yanhong", "Day, Sara W", "Howard, Scott C", "Graff, J Carolyn", "Gu, Tianshu", "Ji, Jiafu", "Gu, Weikuan", "Sun, Dianjun"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337324", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The data of COVID-19 disease in China and then in South Korea were collected daily from several different official websites. The collected data included 33 death cases in Wuhan city of Hubei province during early outbreak as well as confirmed cases and death toll in some specific regions, which were chosen as representatives from the perspective of the coronavirus outbreak in China. Data were copied and pasted onto Excel spreadsheets to perform data analysis. A new methodology, Patient Information Based Algorithm (PIBA) [1], has been adapted to process the data and used to estimate the death rate of COVID-19 in real-time. Assumption is that the number of days from inpatients to death fall into a pattern of normal distribution and the scores in normal distribution can be obtained by observing 33 death cases and analysing the data [2]. We selected 5 scores in normal distribution of these durations as lagging days, which will be used in the following estimation of death rate. We calculated each death rate on accumulative confirmed cases with each lagging day from the current data and then weighted every death rate with its corresponding possibility to obtain the total death rate on each day. While the trendline of these death rate curves meet the curve of current ratio between accumulative death cases and confirmed cases at some points in the near future, we considered that these intersections are within the range of real death rates. Six tables were presented to illustrate the PIBA method using data from China and South Korea. One figure on estimated rate of infection and patients in serious condition and retrospective estimation of initially occurring time of CORID-19 based on PIBA."}, {"pmid": 32304994, "pmcid": "PMC7152924", "title": "The diagnostic and predictive role of NLR, d-NLR and PLR in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Int Immunopharmacol", "authors": ["Yang, Ai-Ping", "Liu, Jian-Ping", "Tao, Wen-Qiang", "Li, Hui-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304994", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To accumulate evidence that indicated the key role played by virus-triggered inflammation in the 2019-novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) which emerged in Wuhan City and rapidly spread throughout China. Age, neutrophil(NEU)-to-lymphocyte (LYM) ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte (MON) ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) of 93 patients with laboratory confirmed COVID-19 were investigated and compared. The receiver operating characteristic curve was applied to determine the thresholds for five bio-markers, and their prognostic values were assessed via the Kaplan-Meier curve and multivariate COX regression models. The median age was 46.4\u00a0years old, and 37cases were females. A total of 27.8% of patients had been to Wuhan, and 73.1% had contacted with people from Wuhan. Fever (83.8%) and cough (70.9%) were the two most common symptoms. Elevated NLR and age were significantly associated with illness severity. The binary logistic analysis identified elevated NLR (hazard risk [HR] 2.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.98-4.57) and age (HR 2.52, 95% CI 1.65-4.83) as independent factors for poor clinical outcome of COVID-19. NLR exhibited the largest area under the curve at 0.841, with the highest specificity (63.6%) and sensitivity (88%). Elevated age and NLR can be considered independent biomarkers for indicating poor clinical outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32406037, "pmcid": "PMC7220615", "title": "COVID-19: is fibrosis the killer?", "journal": "J Cell Commun Signal", "authors": ["Leask, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406037", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a respiratory disease. A recent report in Lancet examined, retrospectively, 137 patients with COVD-19. Patients that died had elevated IL-6 levels and acute respiratory distress syndrome. These data have obvious implications for how to control mortality in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32496242, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Laboratory Testing in India's Pandemic Response: A Public Health Perspective.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Moorthy, Mahesh", "Fletcher, John"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496242", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted (at the time of writing) in over 3.3 million cases and 233,000 deaths globally and ~33,000 cases and ~1,100 deaths in India. The mainstay of the diagnosis is a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The accurate diagnosis is contingent on appropriate specimen choice, time of collection, and assay employed. In this commentary, we highlight the role of laboratory diagnostic tests used in the different stages of India's COVID-19 pandemic response."}, {"pmid": 32525216, "title": "Management of the airway and lung isolation for thoracic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Greenhalgh, D"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397697, "title": "[Investigation of transmission chain of a cluster COVID-19 cases].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhao, H", "Li, B S", "Xia, Y", "Zhou, H L", "Li, T R", "Zeng, Y", "Zhu, X L", "Zhou, Y X", "Li, Q"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397697", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyze of the transmission characteristics of a cluster of COVID-19 cases in Chongqing and evaluate the infectivity of COVID-19 in the incubation period. Methods: A retrospective survey was conducted by using unified questionnaire through field and telephone interviews among 129 close contacts of COVID-19 cases. The relationship of transmission was indicated by transmission chain, and the infectivity was analyzed by the contact history. Results: This cluster of COVID-19 cases occurred after a classmate party involving members in three families and work fellows in a factory (R(0)=3.8). The infection rate during the incubation period was 17.57%. On average, it was infectious three days before onset. There was significant difference in infection rate among different contact modes (\u03c7(2)=15.10, P<0.01),There was significant difference in infection rate among single exposureswith different time length ( \u03c7(2)=25.08, P<0.01). Conclusions: COVID-19 is highly infectious in the incubation period. The more confined the space is, the higher the risk is,and the longer the single exposure is, the higher the risk of transmission is. Indirect contact transmission still exists."}, {"pmid": 32395917, "pmcid": "PMC7272810", "title": "Self-reported olfactory loss in COVID-19: is it really a favorable prognostic factor?", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Hopkins, Claire", "Vaira, Luigi Angelo", "De Riu, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395917", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527342, "title": "[Clinical characteristics and risk factors of acute kidney injury in coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Zhang, Jiahao", "Li, Juan", "Su, Lianjiu", "Yang, Jie", "Jiang, Xiaofang", "Jiang, Nanhui", "Lei, Yu", "He, Li", "Lu, Qiaofa", "Shen, Sanying", "Chen, Fan", "Peng, Zhiyong"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527342", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the characteristics and the risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated acute kidney injury (AKI). A retrospective cohort study was performed to examine the basic data, clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with COVID-19 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Wuhan Fourth Hospital from January 1st to February 1st in 2020. According to the diagnostic criteria of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), patients with AKI were included in AKI group and those without AKI were included in non-AKI group. The differences of each index between the two groups were compared. The prognostic value of AKI for COVID-19 was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox regression. A total of 394 COVID-19 patients were included, with a total mortality of 5.6%; 37 (9.4%) of them developed AKI. The mortality of patients with COVID-19 associated AKI was 18.9%. There were significant differences in age, gender, smoking history, hypertension history, malignancy history, cardiovascular disease history and cerebrovascular disease history between the two groups. In addition to the difference of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NEU), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reaction protein (CRP) in AKI group were significantly higher than those in non-AKI group [WBC (\u00d7109/L): 5.75 (4.13, 7.83) vs. 4.52 (3.35, 5.90), NEU (\u00d7109/L): 4.55 (2.81, 6.11) vs. 3.06 (2.03, 4.50), AST (U/L): 40.0 (24.5, 69.5) vs. 30.0 (23.0, 42.5), LDH (\u03bcmol\u00d7s-1\u00d7L-1): 5.21 (3.68, 7.57) vs. 4.24 (3.05, 5.53), D-dimer (\u03bcg/L): 456 (266, 2 172) vs. 290 (152, 610), PCT (\u03bcg/L): 0.33 (0.03, 1.52) vs. 0.01 (0.01, 0.11), CRP (mg/L): 53.80 (26.00, 100.90) vs. 23.60 (9.25, 51.10), all P < 0.05], while lymphocyte count (LYM) and platelet count (PLT) were decreased [LYM (\u00d7109/L): 0.68 (0.47, 1.05) vs. 0.91 (0.63, 1.25), PLT (\u00d7109/L): 142.0 (118.0, 190.0) vs. 171.0 (130.0, 2 190.0), both P < 0.05]. The mortality of AKI group was significantly higher than that of non-AKI group [18.9% (7/37) vs. 4.2% (15/357), P < 0.01]. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the 30-day cumulative survival of AKI group was lower than that of non-AKI group (log-rank: P = 0.003). Cox analysis also showed that AKI increased the odds of patients with COVID-19 mortality by 3.2-fold [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.208, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.076-9.566, P = 0.037]. The risk of AKI is higher in patients with COVID-19. Early intervention to prevent AKI in patients with COVID-19 is of great significance to improve the prognosis of patients."}, {"pmid": 32092385, "pmcid": "PMC7127192", "title": "The continuous evolution and dissemination of 2019 novel human coronavirus.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Jiahao", "Ma, Kaixiong", "Li, Huanan", "Liao, Ming", "Qi, Wenbao"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092385", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458479, "title": "Diagnostic performance of immunochromatography assay for rapid detection of IgM and IgG in coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Choe, Jung-Yoon", "Kim, Ji-Won", "Kwon, Hyun Hee", "Hong, Hyo-Lim", "Jung, Chi Young", "Jeon, Chang-Ho", "Park, Eun-Jin", "Kim, Seong-Kyu"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458479", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Serologic assays have been developed to detect infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study was conducted to evaluate the diagnostic performance of an immunochromatography-based assay of human serum for COVID-19. The present study enrolled 149 subjects who had been tested by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for COVID-19 and were classified into two groups: 70 who were positive for COVID-19 and 79 who were negative for COVID-19 based on RT-PCR. An immunochromatography-based COVID-19 immunoglobulin G (IgG)/immunoglobulin M (IgM) rapid test on the sera of the study population was applied to measure the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve compared to RT-PCR, with a 95% confidence interval (CI). IgM or IgG antibodies were detected in 65 subjects (92.9%) classified as positive for COVID-19 and in three subjects (3.8%) classified as negative for COVID-19. The sensitivity and specificity percentages for IgM or IgG antibodies were 92.9% (95% CI: 84.1-97.6) and 96.2% (95% CI: 89.3-99.2), respectively, with 95.6% PPV and 93.8% NPV. The PPV rapidly improved with increasing disease prevalence from 19.8% to 96.1% in the presence of either IgM or IgG, while the NPV remained high with a change from 99.9% to 93.1%. The area under the ROC curve was 0.945 (95% CI: 0.903-0.988) for subjects with either IgM or IgG positivity. In conclusion, the immunochromatography-based COVID-19 IgG/IgM rapid test is a useful and practical diagnostic assay for detection of COVID-19, especially in the presence of IgM or IgG antibodies."}, {"pmid": 32111114, "title": "[Recommendations for the regulation of medical practices of burn treatment during the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ma, S Y", "Yuan, Z Q", "Peng, Y Z", "Luo, Q Z", "Song, H P", "Xiang, F", "Tan, J L", "Zhou, J Y", "Li, N", "Hu, G Z", "Luo, G X"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32111114", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is one of the beta coronaviruses and was identified as the pathogen of the severe \"coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)\" in 2019. China has formally included the 2019-nCoV in the statutory notification and control system for infectious diseases according to the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases. Currently, the national defending actions on the 2019-nCoV in China is in a critical period. Burn Department is also confronted with risk of infection by the 2019-nCoV. According to the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 (6(th) trial edition), the latest relative literature at home and abroad, the features of the COVID-19, recommendations for the COVID-19 prevention and control issued by the National Health Commission of China, and management experience of diagnosis and treatment in the related disciplines, we put forward recommendations for the medical practices of burn treatment during the outbreak of the COVID-19 in outpatient and emergency treatment, inpatient treatment, operation and ward management, etc. We hope these recommendations could benefit the professionals of the same occupation as us and related hospital managers, improve the treatment of burn during the outbreak of the COVID-19, and avoid or reduce the risk of infection of medical staff ."}, {"pmid": 32463587, "title": "Global perspectives on Covid-19 from the editorial board.", "journal": "Clin Teach", "authors": ["Thistlethwaite, Jill", "Locke, Rachel", "Buckley, Sharon", "Chandratilake, Madawa", "Jensen, Gail", "van Schalkwyk, Susan", "Weller-Newton, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463587", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289150, "title": "Caution Warranted: Using the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Model for Predicting the Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Jewell, Nicholas P", "Lewnard, Joseph A", "Jewell, Britta L"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289150", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398162, "pmcid": "PMC7214856", "title": "COVID-19 vulnerability: the potential impact of genetic susceptibility and airborne transmission.", "journal": "Hum Genomics", "authors": ["Godri Pollitt, Krystal J", "Peccia, Jordan", "Ko, Albert I", "Kaminski, Naftali", "Dela Cruz, Charles S", "Nebert, Daniel W", "Reichardt, Juergen K V", "Thompson, David C", "Vasiliou, Vasilis"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398162", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, is inarguably the most challenging coronavirus outbreak relative to the previous outbreaks involving SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. With the number of COVID-19 cases now exceeding 2 million worldwide, it is apparent that (i) transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is very high and (ii) there are large variations in disease severity, one component of which may be genetic variability in the response to the virus. Controlling current rates of infection and combating future waves require a better understanding of the routes of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and the underlying genomic susceptibility to this disease. In this mini-review, we highlight possible genetic determinants of COVID-19 and the contribution of aerosol exposure as a potentially important transmission route of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32422288, "pmcid": "PMC7227555", "title": "Endovascular Treatment of a Ruptured Pararenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease-2019: Suggestions and Case Report.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Rinaldi, Luigi Federico", "Marazzi, Giulia", "Marone, Enrico Maria"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422288", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this report is to discuss emergent repair for complex aortic diseases in patients affected by novel coronavirus pneumonia (coronavirus disease-2019 [COVID-19]), describing a case of ruptured pararenal aortic aneurysm. An eighty-year-old man with COVID-19 was admitted for ruptured aneurysm of the pararenal aorta and hemorrhagic shock. Endovascular repair was chosen, and a proximal extension of the previous abdominal endograft was performed with parallel stents in the right renal artery and the superior mesenteric artery. Endovascular treatment and early anticoagulation are the key for success for vascular emergencies in patients with COVID-19, despite the risk of late endoleak."}, {"pmid": 32366178, "title": "Defining Essential Services for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Pattisapu, Prasanth", "Evans, Sean S", "Noble, Anisha R", "Norton, Susan J", "Ou, Henry C", "Sie, Kathleen C Y", "Horn, David L"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366178", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a rapidly growing global pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus. With no vaccine or definitive treatment, public health authorities have recommended a strategy of \"social distancing,\" reducing individual interaction, canceling elective procedures, and limiting nonessential services. Health care providers must determine what procedures are considered \"elective,\" balancing risk of treatment delays with that of coronavirus exposure to patient, family, and providers. Given critical periods for language development and the long-term impact of auditory deprivation, some audiologic and otologic services should be considered essential. In this article, we describe the experience of a quaternary referral pediatric hospital in Seattle, the epicenter of COVID-19 in the United States, and share strategies for risk minimization employed by Seattle Children's Hospital. We hope that this work can be a reference for other centers continuing care for children who are deaf and hard of hearing during the COVID-19 and future resource-limiting crises."}, {"pmid": 32501143, "title": "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Vulnerable Older Adults in the United States.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Lee, Yeonjung Jane"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501143", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311820, "pmcid": "PMC7264569", "title": "Strategies for patient with cancer during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Zhao, Zhenzhen", "Yang, Chao", "Li, Changchun"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311820", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233098, "title": "Medical Education Adaptations: Really Good Stuff for educational transition during a pandemic.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Eva, Kevin W", "Anderson, M Brownie"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233098", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357997, "title": "Coagulopathy associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Lee, Stephanie G", "Fralick, Michael", "Sholzberg, Michelle"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357997", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287797, "pmcid": "PMC7130545", "title": "Is it super-spreading?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["MacKenzie, Debora"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287797", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "If the covid-19 virus is transmitted largely by superspreaders, it might not go pandemic, reports Debora MacKenzie."}, {"pmid": 32391665, "title": "[Clinical analysis of suspected COVID-19 patients with anxiety and depression].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Li, Xin", "Dai, Tian", "Wang, Hong", "Shi, Junnian", "Yuan, Wei", "Li, Jing", "Chen, Lijun", "Zhang, Tianming", "Zhang, Shanshan", "Kong, Yan", "Yue, Ning", "Shi, Hui", "He, Yuping", "Hu, Huifang", "Liu, Furong", "Yang, Caixia"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391665", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the risk factors of anxiety and depression in patients with suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) so as to achieve early intervention and better clinical prognosis. Seventy-six patients with suspected COVID-19 in fever isolation wards of Second Hospital of Lanzhou University were enrolled From January 31, 2020 to February 22, 2020. Their clinical baseline data were collected. The anxiety of patients was assessed by Hamilton Anxiety Scale, and the depression of patients was assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the risk factors of anxiety and depression in these patients. Female patients are more likely to have anxiety (OR=3.206, 95%CI: 1.073-9.583, P<0.05) and depression (OR=9.111, 95%CI: 2.143-38.729, P<0.01) than male patients; patients with known contact history of epidemic area and personnel in epidemic area are more likely to have depression (OR=3.267, 95%CI: 1.082-9.597, P<0.05). During the isolation treatment of suspected COVID-19 patients, early psychological intervention should be carried out for the female patients with known contact history of epidemic area and personnel in epidemic area, and drug treatment should be given in advance if necessary."}, {"pmid": 32271596, "title": "Co-infection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Influenza A: A Report from Iran.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Khodamoradi, Zohre", "Moghadami, Mohsen", "Lotfi, Mehrzad"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271596", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, a viral pneumonia known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated from China and spread very rapidly in the world. Since then, COVID-19 has become a global concern and health problem. We present four patients in this study, selected from among patients who presented with pneumonia symptoms and were suspicious for COVID-19. They were referred to the intended centers for COVID-19 diagnosis and management of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in southern Iran. Two nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal throat swab samples were collected from each patient and tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using real-time reverse-transcriptase- polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR). The samples were also tested for influenza viruses and the complete respiratory panel. In the present report, four patients were diagnosed in the starting days of COVID-19 disease in our center in southern Iran with co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus. This co-infection of COVID-19 and influenza A highlights the importance of considering SARS-CoV-2 PCR assay regardless of other positive findings for other pathogens in the primary test during the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32398888, "pmcid": "PMC7214307", "title": "[ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in times of COVID-19: back to the last century? A call for attention].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398888", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505461, "title": "The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in a MERS-CoV endemic country.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Temsah, Mohamad-Hani", "Al-Sohime, Fahad", "Alamro, Nurah", "Al-Eyadhy, Ayman", "Al-Hasan, Khalid", "Jamal, Amr", "Al-Maglouth, Ibrahim", "Aljamaan, Fadi", "Al Amri, Maha", "Barry, Mazin", "Al-Subaie, Sarah", "Somily, Ali Mohammed"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505461", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has led to unprecedented psychological stress on health workers (HCWs). We aimed to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 on HCWs in comparison to the stress brought on by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemic in Saudi Arabia. Between February 5th and 16th, 2020, 811 health-care workers (HCWs) of a tertiary care teaching hospital were invited to fill a questionnaire regarding concerns and worries about the novel coronavirus pandemic, along with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Anxiety Severity screening tool. Out of 582 HCWs who completed the survey questionnaire (response rate of 71.8%), about 40% were exposed previously to MERS-CoV infected or suspected patients during a previous hospital outbreak. While there were no COVID-19 cases reported yet in Saudi Arabia at the time of data collection, still, the anxiety level from COVID-19 was significantly higher than that from MERS-CoV or seasonal influenza: 41.1% were more worried about COVID-19, 41.4% were similarly worried about both MERS-CoV and COVID-19, and 17.5% were more stressed by the previous MERS-CoV hospital outbreak. The most frequent concern was transmitting the infection to family and friends (2.71/5) than to themselves only (2.57/5). Pandemic and epidemic infectious diseases such as COVID-19 or MERS-CoV impose a significant level of anxiety and stress on healthcare workers who are caring of infected patients, with their main concern being the risk of transmitting the infection to their families or to acquire it themselves. Therefore, optimizing the compliance of healthcare workers with the proper infection prevention and control measures is paramount during the infectious disease outbreak, to ensure their safety, to decrease the likelihood of getting infected or transmitting the infection to others, and consequently to alleviate their psychological stress and anxiety."}, {"pmid": 32467494, "title": "In response to: Simpson R and Robinson L: Rehabilitation following critical illness in people with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Mammi, Patrizia", "Ranza, Elena", "Petraglia, Federica", "Rampello, Anais", "Fabio, Pessina", "Zaccaria, Barbara", "Antonio, Marcato", "Monica, Nora", "Brianti, Rodolfo"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467494", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525825, "title": "COVID-19, frailty and long-term care: Implications for policy and practice.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Andrew, Melissa", "Searle, Samuel D", "McElhaney, Janet E", "McNeil, Shelly A", "Clarke, Barry", "Rockwood, Kenneth", "Kelvin, David J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525825", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Older adults have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, with many outbreaks occurring in Long Term Care Facilities (LTCFs). We discuss this vulnerability among LTCF residents using an ecological framework, on levels spanning from the individual to families and caregivers, institutions, health services and systems, communities, and contextual government policies. Challenges abound for fully understanding the burden of COVID-19 in LTCF, including differences in nomenclature, data collection systems, cultural differences, varied social welfare models, and (often) under-resourcing of the LTC sector. Registration of cases and deaths may be limited by testing capacity and policy, record-keeping and reporting procedures. Hospitalization and death rates may be inaccurate depending on atypical presentations and whether or not residents' goals of care include escalation of care and transfer to hospital. Given the important contribution of frailty, use of the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is discussed as a readily implementable measure, as are lessons learned from the study of frailty in relation to influenza. Biomarkers hold emerging promise in helping to predict disease severity and address the puzzle of why some frail LTCF residents are resilient to COVID-19, either remaining test-negative despite exposure or having asymptomatic infection, while others experience the full range of illness severity including critical illness and death. Strong and coordinated surveillance and research focused on LTCFs and their frail residents is required. These efforts should include widespread assessment of frailty using feasible and readily implementable tools such as the CFS, and rigorous reporting of morbidity and mortality in LTCFs."}, {"pmid": 32336017, "pmcid": "PMC7267402", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on pituitary surgery.", "journal": "ANZ J Surg", "authors": ["Mitchell, Ruth A", "King, James A J", "Goldschlager, Tony", "Wang, Yi Yuen"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336017", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434092, "pmcid": "PMC7252159", "title": "Psychological Outcomes Associated with Stay-at-Home Orders and the Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Daily Life.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Tull, Matthew T", "Edmonds, Keith A", "Scamaldo, Kayla M", "Richmond, Julia R", "Rose, Jason P", "Gratz, Kim L"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434092", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the widespread implementation of extraordinary physical distancing interventions (e.g., stay-at-home orders) to slow the spread of the virus. Although vital, these interventions may be socially and economically disruptive, contributing to adverse psychological outcomes. This study examined relations of both stay-at-home orders and the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life to psychological outcomes (depression, health anxiety, financial worry, social support, and loneliness) in a nationwide U.S. community adult sample (N\u00a0=\u00a0500; 47% women, mean age\u00a0=\u00a040). Participants completed questionnaires assessing psychological outcomes, stay-at-home order status, and COVID-19's impact on their daily life. Being under a stay-at-home order was associated with greater health anxiety, financial worry, and loneliness. Moreover, the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life was positively associated with health anxiety, financial worry, and social support, but negatively associated with loneliness. Findings highlight the importance of social connection to mitigate negative psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32199083, "pmcid": "PMC7104264", "title": "The resilience of the Spanish health system against the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Legido-Quigley, Helena", "Mateos-Garcia, Jose Tomas", "Campos, Vanesa Regulez", "Gea-Sanchez, Montserrat", "Muntaner, Carles", "McKee, Martin"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199083", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298421, "pmcid": "PMC7197037", "title": "Pandemic Surge Models in the Time of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2: Wrong or Useful?", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Wong, John B"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298421", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32274772, "title": "Corticosteroid Guidance for Pregnancy during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["McIntosh, Jennifer Jury"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274772", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is causing a necessary, rapid adjustment within the field of obstetrics. Corticosteroid use is a mainstay of therapy for those women delivering prematurely. Unfortunately, corticosteroid use has been associated with worse outcomes in COVID-19 positive patients. Given this information, it is necessary that obstetricians adjust practice to carefully weigh the fetal benefits with maternal risks. Therefore, our institution has examined the risks and benefits and altered our corticosteroid recommendations. \u00b7 Corticosteroid use is an important part of prematurity treatment because it provides benefit to the fetus.. \u00b7 Corticosteroid use may be related with increased morbidity and mortality in novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).. \u00b7 Therefore, during the COVID-19 pandemic, an alteration in current corticosteroid practices is necessary to uniquely weigh the maternal risks and fetal benefits.."}, {"pmid": 32266937, "pmcid": "PMC7184380", "title": "Inside the heart of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Res", "authors": ["Adao, Rui", "Guzik, Tomasz J"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266937", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272084, "pmcid": "PMC7239666", "title": "Maintaining HIV care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet HIV", "authors": ["Jiang, Hongbo", "Zhou, Yi", "Tang, Weiming"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301047, "pmcid": "PMC7161715", "title": "Cerebellar Scholars' Challenging Time in COVID-19 Pandemia.", "journal": "Cerebellum", "authors": ["Shaikh, Aasef G", "Mitoma, Hiroshi", "Manto, Mario"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301047", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2, has caused pandemic of highly contagious disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with epicenters in China, Italy, Spain, and the USA. Primarily affecting the human respiratory system, SARS-CoV2 has some impact on the human brain, but apparently minimal on the cerebellum, at least so far. Neurological involvement in the acute phase appears to manifest with confusion, dizziness, impaired consciousness, propensity to develop acute strokes, anosmia, hypogeusia, ataxia, epilepsy, and neuralgia. Cerebellar scholars are facing a time of uncertainty. Telemedicine has suddenly emerged as an alternative to follow patients. There is an urgent need to develop novel platforms to assess and follow ataxic patients remotely, especially because cerebellar patients often require ambulatory care to maintain their autonomy."}, {"pmid": 32348111, "pmcid": "PMC7192347", "title": "Is the Collapse of the Respiratory Center in the Brain Responsible for Respiratory Breakdown in COVID-19 Patients?", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Gandhi, Sonu", "Srivastava, Amit Kumar", "Ray, Upasana", "Tripathi, Prem Prakash"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348111", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the identification of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, we are now again facing a global highly pathogenic novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. Although the lungs are one of the most critically affected organs, several other organs, including the brain may also get infected. Here, we have highlighted that SARS-CoV-2 might infect the central nervous system (CNS) through the olfactory bulb. From the olfactory bulb, SARS-CoV-2 may target the deeper parts of the brain including the thalamus and brainstem by trans-synaptic transfer described for many other viral diseases. Following this, the virus might infect the respiratory center of brain, which could be accountable for the respiratory breakdown of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, it is important to screen the COVID-19 patients for neurological symptoms as well as possibility of the collapse of the respiratory center in the brainstem should be investigated in depth."}, {"pmid": 32333127, "pmcid": "PMC7182394", "title": "COVID-19 challenging cell biology.", "journal": "Protoplasma", "authors": ["Bullerdiek, Joern"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333127", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32127125, "pmcid": "PMC7055035", "title": "Authors' response: Plenty of coronaviruses but no SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Reusken, Chantal B", "Haagmans, Bart", "Meijer, Adam", "Corman, Victor M", "Papa, Anna", "Charrel, Remi", "Drosten, Christian", "Koopmans, Marion"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127125", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527610, "title": "Covid-19 in Italy: Lesson from the Veneto Region.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Mugnai, Giacomo", "Bilato, Claudio"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527610", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385712, "pmcid": "PMC7207990", "title": "Inflammation resolution: a dual-pronged approach to averting cytokine storms in COVID-19?", "journal": "Cancer Metastasis Rev", "authors": ["Panigrahy, Dipak", "Gilligan, Molly M", "Huang, Sui", "Gartung, Allison", "Cortes-Puch, Irene", "Sime, Patricia J", "Phipps, Richard P", "Serhan, Charles N", "Hammock, Bruce D"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385712", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is characterized by pulmonary hyper-inflammation and potentially life-threatening \"cytokine storms\". Controlling the local and systemic inflammatory response in COVID-19 may be as important as anti-viral therapies. Endogenous lipid autacoid mediators, referred to as eicosanoids, play a critical role in the induction of inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. SARS-CoV-2 may trigger a cell death (\"debris\")-induced \"eicosanoid storm\", including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which in turn initiates a robust inflammatory response. A paradigm shift is emerging in our understanding of the resolution of inflammation as an active biochemical process with the discovery of novel endogenous specialized pro-resolving lipid autacoid mediators (SPMs), such as resolvins. Resolvins and other SPMs stimulate macrophage-mediated clearance of debris and counter pro-inflammatory cytokine production, a process called inflammation resolution. SPMs and their lipid precursors exhibit anti-viral activity at nanogram doses in the setting of influenza without being immunosuppressive. SPMs also promote anti-viral B cell antibodies and lymphocyte activity, highlighting their potential use in the treatment of COVID-19. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors stabilize arachidonic acid-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which also stimulate inflammation resolution by promoting the production of pro-resolution mediators, activating anti-inflammatory processes, and preventing the cytokine storm. Both resolvins and EETs also attenuate pathological thrombosis and promote clot removal, which is emerging as a key pathology of COVID-19 infection. Thus, both SPMs and sEH inhibitors may promote the resolution of inflammation in COVID-19, thereby reducing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other life-threatening complications associated with robust viral-induced inflammation. While most COVID-19 clinical trials focus on \"anti-viral\" and \"anti-inflammatory\" strategies, stimulating inflammation resolution is a novel host-centric therapeutic avenue. Importantly, SPMs and sEH inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for other inflammatory diseases and could be rapidly translated for the management of COVID-19 via debris clearance and inflammatory cytokine suppression. Here, we discuss using pro-resolution mediators as a potential complement to current anti-viral strategies for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32526759, "title": "Predictive Value of Sudden Olfactory Loss in the Diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec", "authors": ["Haehner, Antje", "Draf, Julia", "Drager, Sarah", "de With, Katja", "Hummel, Thomas"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526759", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent reports suggest that sudden smell loss might be a symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of olfactory loss in an outpatient population who presented to a coronavirus testing center during a 2-week period and to evaluate the diagnostic value of the symptom \"sudden smell loss\" for screening procedures. In this cross-sectional controlled cohort study, 500 patients who presented with symptoms of a common cold to a corona testing center and fulfilled corona testing criteria completed a standardized diagnostic questionnaire which included the patients' main symptoms, time course, and an additional self-assessment of the patients' current smell, taste function, and nasal breathing compared to the level before the onset of symptoms. Out of the 500 patients, 69 presented with olfactory loss. Twenty-two of them subsequently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Only 12 out of the patients without olfactory loss tested positive, resulting in a frequency of 64.7% for the symptom \"sudden smell loss\" in COVID-19 patients. Compared to COVID-19 patients without smell loss, they were significantly younger and less severely affected. Changes in nasal airflow were significantly more pronounced in SARS-CoV-2 negative patients with olfactory complaints compared to the patients with smell loss who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. By excluding patients with a blocked nose, the symptom \"sudden smell loss\" can be attested a high specificity (97%) and a sensitivity of 65% with a positive predictive value of 63% and negative predictive value of 97% for COVID-19. Considering the high frequency of smell loss in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients, acute olfactory impairment should be recognized as an early symptom of the disease and should be tested for on a regular basis. In contrast to other acute viral smell impairment, COVID-19-associated smell loss seems to be only rarely accompanied by a severely blocked nose."}, {"pmid": 32373467, "pmcid": "PMC7195291", "title": "Conjunctivitis can be the only presenting sign and symptom of COVID-19.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Scalinci, Sergio Zaccaria", "Trovato Battagliola, Edoardo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373467", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Five cases of non-remitting conjunctivitis turned out to be the sole presenting sign and symptom of COVID-19. These patients tested positive on RT-PCR of naso-pharyngeal swabs and developed no fever, malaise, or respiratory symptoms throughout the course of their illness. They all fully recovered. In the current efforts to fight the spread of this virus, authors want to emphasize that atypical clinical presentations of COVID-19 can occur and a high level of suspicion should be maintained. Ocular involvement and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 should never be overlooked. In fact, conjunctival mucosae are susceptible to respiratory viruses and remain an important point of entry. For this reason, eye protection in the form of goggles or a face shield should be considered essential for all healthcare providers, even when taking care of patients who are not showing typical symptoms of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32447297, "title": "Adaptations and modifications in the technique of laparoscopic hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Gynecol Cancer", "authors": ["Saadi, Jose Martin", "Cortez, Juan Pablo Segundo", "Noll, Florencia", "Brown, Justina Paula", "Bolano, Lucrecia"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447297", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421876, "title": "Chilblain acral lesions in the COVID-19 era. Are they marker of infection in asymptomatic patients?", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Ramondetta, A", "Panzone, M", "Dapavo, P", "Ortoncelli, M", "Giura, M T", "Licciardello, M", "Rozzo, G", "Siliquini, N", "Fierro, M T", "Ribero, S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421876", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516506, "title": "Additive treatment considerations in COVID-19 - the clinician s perspective on extracorporeal adjunctive purification techniques.", "journal": "Artif Organs", "authors": ["Swol, Justyna", "Lorusso, Roberto"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516506", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this document is to inform the scientific community of sparse preliminary results regarding advanced supportive therapies and technology-driven systems in addition to highlighting the benefits and possibilities of performing concise research during challenging times. Advanced organ support for lung and heart offers the possibility to buy the time needed for recovery. However, remaining a bridging strategy, extracorporeal life support cannot act as the ultimate treatment of the underlying COVID-19 disease. Appropriate patient selection criteria addressed by experts and scientific organizations, such Extracorporeal Life Support Organization and World Health Organization may provide significant help in the difficult decision-making and to reduce mortality in patients with profound respiratory and/or cardiac failure due to COVID-19. Severe, systemic cytokine-mediated inflammation associated with the SARS-CoV-2 has also been described. Effects of crosstalk between coagulation and inflammatory pathways appear to significantly affect disease progression and lead to poor outcomes. Multiple therapeutic strategies, including antibody therapies (such as Tocilizumab, Sarilumab, Siltuximab), therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), and blood purification techniques for direct removal of cytokines, including filtration, dialysis (diffusion), and adsorption are available. Further, we believe, that research should be facilitated and promoted, particularly under the guidance of recognized scientific societies or expert-based multicenter investigation, with rapid communication of critical and relevant information to enhance better appraisal of patient profiles, complications, and treatment modalities."}, {"pmid": 32315026, "pmcid": "PMC7188160", "title": "Responding to the COVID-19 outbreak in Singapore: Staff Protection and Staff Temperature and Sickness Surveillance Systems.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Htun, Htet Lin", "Lim, Dwee Wee", "Kyaw, Win Mar", "Loh, Wan-Ning Janis", "Lee, Lay Tin", "Ang, Brenda", "Chow, Angela"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315026", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), and first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003, Tan Tock Seng Hospital (TTSH) in Singapore has routinely fit-tested staff for high filtration N95 respirators, and established web-based staff surveillance systems. The routine systems were enhanced in response to Singapore's first imported COVID-19 case on January 23,2020. We conducted a cross-sectional study, from January 23,2020 to February 23,2020, among healthcare workers to evaluate the effectiveness of the staff protection and surveillance strategy in TTSH, a 1600-bed multidisciplinary acute-care hospital co-located with the 330-bed National Centre for Infectious Diseases (NCID). As of February 23,2020, TTSH/NCID has managed 76% of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Singapore. The hospital adopted a multi-pronged approach to protect and monitor staff with potential COVID-19 exposures:(1) Risk-based personal protective equipment, (2) Staff fever and sickness surveillance, and (3) Enhanced medical surveillance of unwell staff. A total of 10,583 staff were placed on hospital-wide fever and sickness surveillance, with 1,524 frontline staff working in COVID-19 areas under close surveillance. Among frontline staff, a median of eight staff illness episodes was seen per day, and almost 10% (n=29) resulted in hospitalization. None of the staff was found to be infected with COVID-19. A robust staff protection and health surveillance system that is routinely implemented during non-outbreak periods and enhanced during the COVID-19 outbreak is effective in protecting frontline staff from the infection."}, {"pmid": 32305323, "pmcid": "PMC7158770", "title": "Hajj in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Dis Health", "authors": ["Atique, Suleman", "Itumalla, Ramaiah"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305323", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of the novel COVID-19 is posing a severe public health risk across the globe. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is one of the greatest destinations of religious congregations of Muslims. One of the largest religious gatherings is the Hajj that is anticipated to produce serious challenges of mass level exposures and spread to every corner of the world. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the Ministry of Hajj and Umrah (KSA), must regularly analyze the prevailing situation of COVID-19, and involve the religious scholars to make appropriate decisions about Hajj 2020. Although the Saudi government has been continuously taking all possible measures to contain the pandemic, people's cooperation is crucial in the fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32285129, "pmcid": "PMC7184377", "title": "Public health concerns and unsubstantiated claims at the intersection of vaping and COVID-19.", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Majmundar, Anuja", "Allem, Jon-Patrick", "Cruz, Tess Boley", "Unger, Jennifer B"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285129", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32195698, "pmcid": "PMC7155909", "title": "COVID-19 Infection: Implications for Perioperative and Critical Care Physicians.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Greenland, John R", "Michelow, Marilyn D", "Wang, Linlin", "London, Martin J"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195698", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare systems worldwide are responding to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), an emerging infectious syndrome caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Patients with COVID-19 can progress from asymptomatic or mild illness to hypoxemic respiratory failure or multisystem organ failure, necessitating intubation and intensive care management. Healthcare providers, and particularly anesthesiologists, are at the frontline of this epidemic, and they need to be aware of the best available evidence to guide therapeutic management of patients with COVID-19 and to keep themselves safe while doing so. Here, the authors review COVID-19 pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, and potential therapeutics, with a focus on management of COVID-19-associated respiratory failure. The authors draw on literature from other viral epidemics, treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and recent publications on COVID-19, as well as guidelines from major health organizations. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the evidence currently available to guide management of critically ill patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32404529, "title": "Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding to ACE2 receptors from human, pets, farm animals, and putative intermediate hosts.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Zhai, Xiaofeng", "Sun, Jiumeng", "Yan, Ziqing", "Zhang, Jie", "Zhao, Jin", "Zhao, Zongzheng", "Gao, Qi", "He, Wan-Ting", "Veit, Michael", "Su, Shuo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404529", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, resulted in a pandemic. Here, we used X-ray structures of human ACE2 bound to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein (S) from SARS-CoV-2 to predict its binding to ACE2 proteins from different animals, including pets, farm animals, and putative intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2. Comparing the interaction sites of ACE2 proteins known to serve or not serve as receptor allows to define residues important for binding. From the 20 amino acids in ACE2 that contact S up to seven can be replaced and ACE2 can still function as the SARS-CoV-2 receptor. These variable amino acids are clustered at certain positions, mostly at the periphery of the binding site, while changes of the invariable residues prevent S-binding or infection of the respective animal. Some ACE2 proteins even tolerate the loss or the acquisition of N-glycosylation sites located near the S-interface. Of note, Pigs and dogs, which are not or not effectively infected and have only a few changes in the binding site, exhibit relatively low levels of ACE2 in the respiratory tract. Comparison of the RBD of S of SARS-CoV-2 with viruses from Bat-CoV-RaTG13 and Pangolin-CoV revealed that the latter contains only one substitution, whereas the Bat-CoV-RaTG13 exhibits five. However, ACE2 of pangolin exhibit seven changes relative to human ACE2, a similar number of substitutions is present in ACE2 of bats, raccoon, and civet suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may not especially adapted to ACE2 of any of its putative intermediate hosts. These analyses provide new insight into the receptor usage and animal source/origin of SARS-CoV-2.IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 is threatening people worldwide and there are no drugs or vaccines available to mitigate its spread. The origin of the virus is still unclear and whether pets and livestock can be infected and transmit SARS-CoV-2 are important and unknown scientific questions. Effective binding to the host receptor ACE2 is the first prerequisite for infection of cells and determines the host range. Our analysis provides a framework for the prediction of potential hosts of SARS-CoV-2. We found that ACE2 from species known to support SARS-CoV-2 infection tolerate many amino acid changes indicating that the species barrier might be low. An exception are dogs and especially pigs, which, however, revealed relatively low ACE2 expression levels in the respiratory tract. Monitoring of animals is necessary to prevent the generation of a new coronavirus reservoir. Finally, our analysis also showed that SARS-CoV-2 may not be specifically adapted to any of its putative intermediate hosts."}, {"pmid": 32306755, "title": "Clinical and Dynamic Computed Tomography Features of 24 Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Jie, Bingkun", "Liu, Xiaojin", "Suo, Huaqian", "Qiao, Guoqing", "Zheng, Qingshui", "Xu, Wanbo", "Liu, Zhenhe"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306755", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the clinical and dynamic computed tomography features of coronavirus disease 2019. We enrolled 24 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 treated at a regional center in Dezhou, China, from January 22 to February 5, 2020, and analyzed data retrospectively. Nineteen cases had close contact with people with coronavirus disease 2019, and five patients denied a travel history in Wuhan City or contact with patients having coronavirus disease 2019. Symptoms were fever, cough, chest tightness, dyspnea, fatigue, and muscle pain. Chest computed tomography showed multiple ground-glass opacities distributed along peribronchial bundles and subpleural areas, often accompanied by bronchiectasis, vascular thickening, and interlobular septal thickening after coronavirus disease 2019 progression. Coronavirus disease 2019 has certain clinical characteristics and typical computed tomography features."}, {"pmid": 32223004, "title": "Art of performing dermoscopy during the times of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): simple change in approach can save the day!", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Jakhar, D", "Kaur, I", "Kaul, S"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223004", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467596, "title": "Ethical guidelines for COVID-19 tracing apps.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Morley, Jessica", "Cowls, Josh", "Taddeo, Mariarosaria", "Floridi, Luciano"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467596", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334063, "pmcid": "PMC7175853", "title": "Stay home while going out - Possible impacts of earthquake co-occurring with COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and vice versa.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Marko, Curkovic", "Andro, Kosec", "Petrana, Brecic"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334063", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419558, "title": "Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnant women: a preliminary study.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Durankus, Ferit", "Aksu, Erson"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419558", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak that began in China has turned into a pandemic that threatens global health, thereby prompting the concentration of studies and clinical routines on treating and preventing the disease. However, research on the psychological effects of the pandemic on the general population, particularly pregnant women, is lacking. Accordingly, the present study investigated the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on depression and anxiety in pregnant women.Study design: An anonymous survey for assessing depression and anxiety in pregnant women was designed, after which a link to the online questionnaire was sent to the participants, who were being treated in a private medical center. One of the researchers followed up with the respondents, among whom 260 returned their questionnaires.Results: Among the respondents, 35.4% (n\u2009=\u200992, case group) obtained scores higher than 13 on the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS). The comparison of the groups by years of education indicated statistically significant effects of COVID-19 on psychology, social isolation, and mean scores in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). These effects were more severe in the case group than in the control group (psychology: 8.369\u2009\u00b1\u20092.003, social isolation: 8.000\u2009\u00b1\u20092.507, mean BDI and BAI scores: 20.565\u2009\u00b1\u20096.605 and 22.087\u2009\u00b1\u20098.689, respectively). A regression analysis revealed that the BDI scores and the disease's psychological effects, as well as the BAI scores and the illness's social isolation effects, exerted a statistically significant influence on the EPDS scores of the participants.Conclusion: This study illustrated the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the depression and anxiety levels of pregnant women. Our results point to an urgent need to provide psychosocial support to this population during the crisis. Otherwise, adverse events may occur during pregnancy and thus affect both mother and fetus."}, {"pmid": 32512271, "title": "An approach towards development of monoclonal IgY antibodies against SARS CoV-2 spike protein (S) using phage display method: A review.", "journal": "Int Immunopharmacol", "authors": ["Somasundaram, Rajeswari", "Choraria, Ankit", "Antonysamy, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512271", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present state of diagnostic and therapeutic developmental race for vaccines against the SARS CoV-2 (nCOVID-19) focuses on prevention and control of this global pandemic which also represents a critical challenge to the global health community. Although development of novel vaccines can prevent the SARS CoV-2 infections, it is still impeded by several other factors and therefore novel approaches towards treatment and management of this disease is the urgent need. Passive immunotherapy plays a vital role as a possible alternative to meet this challenge and among various antibody sources, chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) can be used as an alternative to mammalian antibodies which have been previously studied against SARS CoV outbreak in China. In this review, we discuss the strategies for the use of chicken egg yolk (IgY) antibodies in the development of rapid diagnosis and immunotherapy against SARS CoV-2. Also, IgY antibodies have previously been used against various respiratory bacterial and viral infections in humans and animals. Compared to mammalian antibodies (IgG), chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) have greater binding affinity to specific antigens, ease of extraction and lower production costs, hence possessing remarkable pathogen-neutralizing activity of pathogens in respiratory and lungs. We provide an overall importance for the use of monoclonal chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY) using phage display method describing their potential passive immunotherapeutic application for the treatment and prevention of SARS CoV-2 infection which is simple, fast and safe way of approach for treating patients effectively."}, {"pmid": 32371624, "pmcid": "PMC7268823", "title": "The War on COVID-19 Pandemic: Role of Rehabilitation Professionals and Hospitals.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Lew, Henry L", "Oh-Park, Mooyeon", "Cifu, David X"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371624", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has created an unprecedented challenge to the society. Currently, the United States stands as the most affected country, and the entire healthcare system is affected, from emergency department, intensive care unit, post-acute care, outpatient, to home care. Considering the debility, neurological, pulmonary, neuromuscular and cognitive complications, rehabilitation professionals can play an important role in the recovery process for individuals with COVID-19. Clinicians across the nation's rehabilitation system have already begun working to initiate intensive care unit-based rehabilitation care and develop programs, settings and specialized care to meet the short- and long-term needs of these individuals. We describe the anticipated rehabilitation demands, and the strategies to meet the needs of this population. The complications from COVID-19 can be reduced by (1) delivering interdisciplinary rehabilitation that is initiated early and continued throughout the acute hospital stay, (2) providing patient/family education for self-care after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation at either acute or subacute settings, and (3) continuing rehabilitation care in the outpatient setting, and at home through ongoing therapy either in-person or via telehealth."}, {"pmid": 32420635, "pmcid": "PMC7267120", "title": "Is physiotherapy ready for the management of COVID-19 in Africa? - Snippets of anecdotal evidences in two African countries.", "journal": "Physiother Res Int", "authors": ["Gopaul, Urvashy", "Manie, Shamila", "Amosun, Seyi L"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420635", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496602, "title": "Respiratory protection for health care workers: A 2020 COVID-19 perspective.", "journal": "Am J Ind Med", "authors": ["Petsonk, Edward L", "Harber, Philip"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496602", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the US health care system began to respond to the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic, demand for respiratory personal protective equipment (PPE) increased precipitously, as did the number of users. This commentary discusses ensuing deviations from accepted respiratory PPE program practices, which potentially increased risk to health care workers. Such lapses included omitting user training and fit testing, provision of unapproved devices, and application of devices in settings and ways for which they were not intended. The temporary compromise of professionally accepted standards due to exigencies must not become the new normal. Rather, the current attention to PPE should be leveraged to enhance practice, motivate vital research, and strengthen professional, governmental, and institutional capabilities to control health care worker exposures to infectious hazards."}, {"pmid": 32531225, "pmcid": "PMC7283054", "title": "Protecting the Homeless During The COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Tan, Li Feng", "Chua, Joo Wei"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531225", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311771, "pmcid": "PMC7264768", "title": "Airborne transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 to healthcare workers: a narrative review.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Wilson, N M", "Norton, A", "Young, F P", "Collins, D W"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311771", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare workers are at risk of infection during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 pandemic. International guidance suggests direct droplet transmission is likely and airborne transmission occurs only with aerosol-generating procedures. Recommendations determining infection control measures to ensure healthcare worker safety follow these presumptions. Three mechanisms have been described for the production of smaller sized respiratory particles ('aerosols') that, if inhaled, can deposit in the distal airways. These include: laryngeal activity such as talking and coughing; high velocity gas flow; and cyclical opening and closure of terminal airways. Sneezing and coughing are effective aerosol generators, but all forms of expiration produce particles across a range of sizes. The 5-\u03bcm diameter threshold used to differentiate droplet from airborne is an over-simplification of multiple complex, poorly understood biological and physical variables. The evidence defining aerosol-generating procedures comes largely from low-quality case and cohort studies where the exact mode of transmission is unknown as aerosol production was never quantified. We propose that transmission is associated with time in proximity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 patients with respiratory symptoms, rather than the procedures per se. There is no proven relation between any aerosol-generating procedure with airborne viral content with the exception of bronchoscopy and suctioning. The mechanism for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 transmission is unknown but the evidence suggestive of airborne spread is growing. We speculate that infected patients who cough, have high work of breathing, increased closing capacity and altered respiratory tract lining fluid will be significant producers of pathogenic aerosols. We suggest several aerosol-generating procedures may in fact result in less pathogen aerosolisation than a dyspnoeic and coughing patient. Healthcare workers should appraise the current evidence regarding transmission and apply this to the local infection prevalence. Measures to mitigate airborne transmission should be employed at times of risk. However, the mechanisms and risk factors for transmission are largely unconfirmed. Whilst awaiting robust evidence, a precautionary approach should be considered to assure healthcare worker safety."}, {"pmid": 32334905, "pmcid": "PMC7164904", "title": "[Management of a radiotherapy center during the COVID-19 outbreak: The experience of the Mulhouse hospital centre (France)].", "journal": "Cancer Radiother", "authors": ["Ohnleiter, T", "Piot, L", "Rogenmuser, A", "Noirclerc, M", "Hamlaoui, R", "Grandgirard, A"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334905", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19\u00a0outbreak grows exponentially in our country. Despite most of patients develops benign symptoms, cancer patients are at risk of a severe form of the disease. Radiotherapy centres are a potential contamination place due to the number of patients treated and staff present. Their organization during the outbreak period aims to ensure continuity of care while limiting the risk of death from COVID-19. In the radiotherapy department of Mulhouse hospital (France), we pointed five points out: protection of medical and paramedical staff, protection of patients undergoing treatment, detection of patients suspected of being infected by SARS-CoV-2\u00a0and their management, reorganization of the patient circuit and measures regarding the quality management. This reflection, which began at the beginning of the outbreak in our city, allows us to preserve the access to radiotherapy treatments by anticipating the risk of spreading the virus. Through biweekly meetings, we continue to adapt to the epidemic in our department, considering our material resources. The ability to perform diagnostic tests in all suspect patients would also allow us to refine our procedures."}, {"pmid": 32319220, "title": "Covid-19 and Namaste.", "journal": "Influenza Other Respir Viruses", "authors": ["Kulkarni, Prashanth", "Kodad, Shruthi", "Mahadevappa, Manjappa"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319220", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328220, "pmcid": "PMC7178923", "title": "A Proposed Process for Risk Mitigation During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Behav Anal Pract", "authors": ["Cox, David J", "Plavnick, Joshua B", "Brodhead, Matthew T"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328220", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent executive orders have led some applied behavior analysis (ABA) providers to interpret themselves as \"essential personnel\" during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this article, we argue against a blanket interpretation that being labeled \"essential personnel\" means that all in-person ABA services for all clients should continue during the COVID-19 pandemic. We believe this argument holds even if ABA providers are not in a jurisdiction currently under an active shelter-at-home or related order. First, we provide a brief description of risks associated with continued in-person ABA service delivery, as well as risks associated with the temporary suspension of services or the transition to remote ABA service delivery. For many clients, continued in-person service delivery carries a significant risk of severe harm to the client, family and caregivers, staff, and a currently overburdened health care system. In these situations, ABA providers should temporarily suspend services or transition to telehealth or other forms of remote service delivery until information from federal, state, and local health care experts deems in-person contact safe. In rare cases, temporary suspension of services or a transition to remote service delivery may place the client or others at risk of significant harm. In these situations, in-person services should likely continue, and ongoing assessment and risk mitigation are essential."}, {"pmid": 32358678, "pmcid": "PMC7195298", "title": "Computed tomography of the lungs in novel corona virus (COVID-19) infection.", "journal": "Pediatr Radiol", "authors": ["Lai, Wei", "Xie, Chuxing", "Pan, Haien", "Fan, Miao", "Liu, Jianxin"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358678", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322313, "pmcid": "PMC7172662", "title": "[Risks of viral contamination in healthcare professionals during laparoscopy in the Covid-19 pandemic].", "authors": ["Veziant, J", "Bourdel, N", "Slim, K"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322313", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has markedly changed our practices. This article analyses the risks of contamination among healthcare professionals (HCPs) during laparoscopic surgery on patients with Covid-19. Harmful effects of aerosols from a pneumoperitoneum with the virus present have not yet been quantified. Measures for the protection of HCPs are an extrapolation of those taken during other epidemics. They must still be mandatory to minimise the risk of viral contamination. Protection measures include personal protection equipment for HCPs, adaptation of surgical technique (method for obtaining pneumoperitoneum, filters, preferred intracorporeal anastomosis, precautions during the exsufflation of the pneumoperitoneum), and organisation of the operating room."}, {"pmid": 32495403, "title": "Safeguarding Dermatologist Attendings and Residents Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: Focus on Special Populations.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Stewart, Claire R", "Lipner, Shari R"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495403", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294297, "pmcid": "PMC7262315", "title": "The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Bariatric Surgery: Redefining Psychosocial Care.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Sockalingam, Sanjeev", "Leung, Samantha E", "Cassin, Stephanie E"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294297", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease has had a tremendous psychological impact on individuals around the world. Individuals with obesity are susceptible to distress and psychological sequalae secondary to this pandemic, which can have detrimental effects on obesity management. In particular, individuals undergoing bariatric surgery could experience increased emotional distress, resulting in increased eating psychopathology, mental health exacerbation, and difficulties with self-management. Addressing these challenges requires novel approaches to redefining psychosocial care before and after bariatric surgery. Emerging evidence suggests that the remote delivery of care using virtual care models, including mobile and online modalities, could extend the reach of psychosocial services to individuals after bariatric surgery and mitigate weight regain or impairment in quality of life. Because of this pandemic, the rapid integration of virtual psychosocial care in bariatric surgery programs to address patients' needs will create new opportunities for clinical and implementational scientific research."}, {"pmid": 32369262, "pmcid": "PMC7267643", "title": "Kidney transplantation with presymptomatic COVID-19-positive surgeon.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Ravaioli, Matteo", "Comai, Giorgia", "Germinario, Giuliana", "Maroni, Lorenzo", "La Manna, Gaetano"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369262", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323070, "pmcid": "PMC7175815", "title": "Correction to: Ultra-high-resolution computed tomography can demonstrate alveolar collapse in novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Iwasawa, Tae", "Sato, Midori", "Yamaya, Takafumi", "Sato, Yozo", "Uchida, Yoshinori", "Kitamura, Hideya", "Hagiwara, Eri", "Komatsu, Shigeru", "Utsunomiya, Daisuke", "Ogura, Takashi"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323070", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The correct caption is given below."}, {"pmid": 32411822, "pmcid": "PMC7213907", "title": "Tube thoracostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: guidance and recommendations from the AAST Acute Care Surgery and Critical Care Committees.", "journal": "Trauma Surg Acute Care Open", "authors": ["Pieracci, Fredric M", "Burlew, Clay Cothren", "Spain, David", "Livingston, David H", "Bulger, Eileen M", "Davis, Kimberly A", "Michetti, Christopher"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411822", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This document provides guidance for trauma and acute care surgeons surrounding the placement, management and removal of chest tubes during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32283233, "pmcid": "PMC7151451", "title": "Reply to \"COVID-19 can present with a rash and be mistaken for dengue\": Petechial rash in a patient with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Jimenez-Cauhe, Juan", "Ortega-Quijano, Daniel", "Prieto-Barrios, Marta", "Moreno-Arrones, Oscar M", "Fernandez-Nieto, Diego"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283233", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243677, "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak in Italy: Initial implications for organ transplantation programs.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Angelico, Roberta", "Trapani, Silvia", "Manzia, Tommaso Maria", "Lombardini, Letizia", "Tisone, Giuseppe", "Cardillo, Massimo"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243677", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has already reached a pandemic dimension within a few weeks. Italy has been one of the first countries dealing with the outbreak of COVID-19, and severe measures have been adopted to limit viral transmission. The spread of COVID-19 may have several implications in organ transplant activity that physicians should be aware of. The initial experience gained during the COVID-19 outbreak shows that around 10% of infected patients in Italy need intensive care management to overcome the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Due to the exponential rise of infected patients we are now facing an actual risk of saturation of intensive care unit (ICU) beds. A restriction in the number of ICU beds available for both donors and transplant recipients may unfavorably influence the overall donation activity, and eventually lead to a reduced number of transplants. Preliminary Italian data show that a 25% reduction of procured organs has already occurred during the first 4\u00a0weeks of COVID-19 outbreak. This underlines the need to closely monitor what will be further happening in ICUs due to the COVID-19 spread in the attempt to preserve transplant activity, especially in Western countries where deceased donors represent the major organ resource."}, {"pmid": 32471812, "title": "The role of palliative care in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Sese, Denise", "Makhoul, Ahed", "Hoeksema, Laura", "Shoemaker, Laura"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471812", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, many healthcare systems are experiencing an increased demand for palliative care (PC). To meet this challenge, the PC team at Cleveland Clinic designed an enterprise-wide response plan organized around 4 domains: staff (educational resources and tools), stuff (medications and supplies), space (recommendations for optimizing physical space and facilities), and systems to facilitate high-quality PC delivery to patients. To mitigate isolation during end-of-life care, the Clinic offers \"compassionate exceptions\" to strict visitation policies, provides personal protective equipment to visitors of these patients, and facilitates virtual visitation via electronic devices."}, {"pmid": 32402783, "pmcid": "PMC7205707", "title": "Beware of Time Delay and Differential Diagnosis when Screening for Symptoms of COVID-19 in Surgical Cancer Patients.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Ghannam, Abdelilah", "Souadka, Amine"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402783", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534143, "title": "Estimating the undetected infections in the Covid-19 outbreak by harnessing capture-recapture methods.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bohning, Dankmar", "Rocchetti, Irene", "Maruotti, Antonello", "Holling, Heinz"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534143", "countries": ["Austria"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A major open question, affecting the decisions of policy makers, is the estimation of the true number of Covid-19 infections. Most of them are undetected, because of a large number of asymptomatic cases. We provide an efficient, easy to compute and robust lower bound estimator for the number of undetected cases. A modified version of the Chao estimator is proposed, based on the cumulative time-series distributions of cases and deaths. Heterogeneity has been addressed by assuming a geometrical distribution underlying the data generation process. An (approximated) analytical variance of the estimator has been derived to compute reliable confidence intervals at 95% level. A motivating application to the Austrian situation is provided and compared with an independent and representative study on prevalence of Covid-19 infection. Our estimates match well with the results from the independent prevalence study, but the capture-recapture estimate has less uncertainty involved as it is based on a larger sample size. Results from other European countries are mentioned in the discussion. The estimated ratio of the total estimated cases to the observed cases is around the value of 2.3 for all the analyzed countries. The proposed method answers to a fundamental open question: \"How many undetected cases are going around?\". CR methods provide a straightforward solution to shed light on undetected cases, incorporating heterogeneity that may arise in the probability of being detected."}, {"pmid": 32334687, "pmcid": "PMC7180023", "title": "India under COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334687", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291501, "pmcid": "PMC7156230", "title": "CT features of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in children.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Duan, Ya-Ni", "Zhu, Yan-Qiu", "Tang, Lei-Lei", "Qin, Jie"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291501", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A serious epidemic of COVID-19 broke out in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and spread to other Chinese cities and several countries now. As the majority of patients infected with COVID-19 had chest CT abnormality, chest CT has become an important tool for early diagnosis of COVID-19 and monitoring disease progression. There is growing evidence that children are also susceptible to COVID-19 and have atypical presentations compared with adults. This review is mainly about the differences in clinical symptom spectrum, diagnosis of COVID-19, and CT imaging findings between adults and children, while highlighting the value of radiology in prevention and control of COVID-19 in pediatric patients. KEY POINTS: \u2022 Compared with adults, pediatric patients with COVID-19 have the characteristics of lower incidence, slighter clinical symptoms, shorter course of disease, and fewer severe cases. \u2022 The chest CT characteristics of COVID-19 in pediatric patients were atypical, with more localized GGO extent, lower GGO attenuation, and relatively rare interlobular septal thickening. \u2022 Chest CT should be used with more caution in pediatric patients with COVID-19 to protect this vulnerable population from risking radiation."}, {"pmid": 32291630, "pmcid": "PMC7155949", "title": "Common breaches in biosafety during donning and doffing of protective personal equipment used in the care of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Munoz-Leyva, Felipe", "Niazi, Ahtsham U"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291630", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392355, "title": "Debate Style Lecturing to Engage and Enrich Resident Education Virtually.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Durrani, Muhammad"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392355", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462708, "title": "\"Conscious proning: An introduction of a proning protocol for non-intubated, awake, hypoxic Emergency Department COVID-19 patients\".", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Jiang, Lynn G", "LeBaron, Johnathon", "Bodnar, David", "Caputo, Nicholas D", "Chang, Bernard P", "Chiricolo, Gerardo", "Flores, Stefan", "Kenny, James", "Melville, Laura", "Sayan, Osman R", "Sharma, Manish", "Shemesh, Amos", "Suh, Edward", "Farmer, Brenna"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462708", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, or COVID-19, has rapidly become a global pandemic. A major cause of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 has been the worsening hypoxia which, if untreated, can progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure. Past work has found that intubated patients with ARDS experience physiological benefits to the prone position, as it promotes better matching of pulmonary perfusion to ventilation, improved secretion clearance, and recruitment of dependent areas of the lungs. We created a system-wide multi-institutional (New York-Presbyterian Hospital enterprise) protocol for placing awake, non-intubated, Emergency Department patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 in the prone position. In this piece, we describe the background literature and the approach we have taken at our institution as we care for a high burden of COVID-19 cases with respiratory symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32387102, "pmcid": "PMC7196414", "title": "COVID-19-related prejudice toward Asian medical students: A consequence of SARS-CoV-2 fears in Poland.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Rzymski, Piotr", "Nowicki, Michal"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387102", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 has triggered global panic. We have conducted an anonymous online survey of Asian medical students in Poland to assess whether they experience any form of prejudice related to the ongoing pandemic. As demonstrated, the COVID-19 outbreak had triggered xenophobic reactions toward students of Asian-origin (n=85) before the first SARS-CoV-2 case was confirmed in Poland. Facing prejudice, including discrimination related to COVID-19, may add to feelings of isolation of students of Asian origin who study abroad, and affect career development, especially for students. We recommend that universities should proactively develop policies that support students, faculty, and staff affected by discriminatory behavior both during the current outbreak and in the future. However, preventing such behaviors should also be enforced by national authorities."}, {"pmid": 32405126, "pmcid": "PMC7219351", "title": "Putting a balance on the aerosolization debate around SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Dancer, S J", "Tang, J W", "Marr, L C", "Miller, S", "Morawska, L", "Jimenez, J L"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405126", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32098289, "pmcid": "PMC7073898", "title": "Short-term Forecasts of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Guangdong and Zhejiang, China: February 13-23, 2020.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Roosa, Kimberlyn", "Lee, Yiseul", "Luo, Ruiyan", "Kirpich, Alexander", "Rothenberg, Richard", "Hyman, James M", "Yan, Ping", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32098289", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic continues to spread within and outside of China, despite several social distancing measures implemented by the Chinese government. Limited epidemiological data are available, and recent changes in case definition and reporting further complicate our understanding of the impact of the epidemic, particularly in the epidemic's epicenter. Here we use previously validated phenomenological models to generate short-term forecasts of cumulative reported cases in Guangdong and Zhejiang, China. Using daily reported cumulative case data up until 13 February 2020 from the National Health Commission of China, we report 5- and 10-day ahead forecasts of cumulative case reports. Specifically, we generate forecasts using a generalized logistic growth model, the Richards growth model, and a sub-epidemic wave model, which have each been previously used to forecast outbreaks due to different infectious diseases. Forecasts from each of the models suggest the outbreaks may be nearing extinction in both Guangdong and Zhejiang; however, the sub-epidemic model predictions also include the potential for further sustained transmission, particularly in Zhejiang. Our 10-day forecasts across the three models predict an additional 65-81 cases (upper bounds: 169-507) in Guangdong and an additional 44-354 (upper bounds: 141-875) cases in Zhejiang by February 23, 2020. In the best-case scenario, current data suggest that transmission in both provinces is slowing down."}, {"pmid": 32381503, "title": "Covid-19: Nightingale hospitals set to shut down after seeing few patients.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381503", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353355, "pmcid": "PMC7185012", "title": "Commentary: Testosterone, a key hormone in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Pozzilli, Paolo", "Lenzi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353355", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468972, "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome with facial diplegia related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Can J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Chan, Jason L", "Ebadi, Hamid", "Sarna, Justyna R"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468972", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464146, "pmcid": "PMC7255132", "title": "Yield and Implications of Pre-Procedural COVID-19 PCR Testing on Routine Endoscopic Practice.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Forde, Justin J", "Goldberg, David", "Sussman, Daniel", "Soriano, Frederick", "Barkin, Jodie A", "Amin, Sunil"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464146", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514427, "pmcid": "PMC7272234", "title": "Social isolation and loneliness among older adults in the context of COVID-19: a global challenge.", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Wu, Bei"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514427", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are experiencing a historical moment with an unprecedented challenge of the COVID-19 global pandemic. The outbreak of COVID-19 will have a long-term and profound impact on older adults' health and well-being. Social isolation and loneliness are likely to be one of the most affected health outcomes. Social isolation and loneliness are\u00a0major risk factors that have been linked with poor physical and mental health status. This paper discusses several approaches that may address the issues of social isolation and loneliness. These approaches include promoting social connection as public health messaging, mobilizing the resources from family members, community-based networks and resources, developing innovative technology-based interventions to improve social connections, and engaging the health care system to begin the process of developing methods to identify social isolation and loneliness in health care settings."}, {"pmid": 32220205, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Henry, Brandon M", "Vikse, Jens"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220205", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513072, "title": "A Second Pandemic? Perspective on Information Overload in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Valika, Taher S", "Maurrasse, Sarah E", "Reichert, Lara"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513072", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has affected the globe in previously unimaginable ways, with far-reaching economic and social implications. It has also led to an outpouring of daily, ever-changing information. To assess the amount of data that were emerging, a PubMed search related to COVID-19 was performed. Nearly 8000 articles have been published since the virus was defined 4 months ago. This number has grown exponentially every month, potentially hindering our ability to discern what is scientifically important. Unlike previous global pandemics, we exist in a world of instantaneous access. Information, accurate or otherwise, is flowing from one side of the world to the other via word of mouth, social media, news, and medical journals. Changes in practice guidelines should be based on high-quality, well-powered research. Our job as health care providers is to mitigate misinformation and provide reassurance to prevent a second pandemic of misinformation."}, {"pmid": 32296910, "pmcid": "PMC7156897", "title": "Mechanism of thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Ann Hematol", "authors": ["Xu, Panyang", "Zhou, Qi", "Xu, Jiancheng"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296910", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus has spread throughout China and across the world, causing a continuous increase in confirmed cases within a short period of time. Some studies reported cases of thrombocytopenia, but hardly any studies mentioned how the virus causes thrombocytopenia. We propose several mechanisms by which coronavirus disease 2019 causes thrombocytopenia to better understand this disease and provide more clinical treatment options."}, {"pmid": 32387006, "pmcid": "PMC7252009", "title": "SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19): lessons to be learned by Brazilian Physical Therapists.", "journal": "Braz J Phys Ther", "authors": ["Pinto, Thiago Fernandes", "Carvalho, Celso R F de"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387006", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508329, "title": "COVID-19 in Refractory Myasthenia Gravis- A Case Report of Successful Outcome.", "journal": "J Neuromuscul Dis", "authors": ["Ramaswamy, Swathi Beladakere", "Govindarajan, Raghav"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508329", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a brief report of a patient who has refractory Myasthenia Gravis, on multiple long-term immunosuppressive therapies and contracted COVID-19 during this 2020 pandemic. She was quarantined for total of 14 days and recovered successfully without any complications (no myasthenia exacerbation or crisis, no COVID-19 related complications), with no changes to her immunosuppressive therapy. Treatment of MG patients with COVID-19 needs to be tailored to individual patient."}, {"pmid": 32283185, "pmcid": "PMC7194895", "title": "Graft Cryopreservation Does Not Impact Overall Survival after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Using Post-Transplantation Cyclophosphamide for Graft-versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis.", "journal": "Biol Blood Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Hamadani, Mehdi", "Zhang, Mei-Jie", "Tang, Xiao-Ying", "Fei, Mingwei", "Brunstein, Claudio", "Chhabra, Saurabh", "D'Souza, Anita", "Milano, Filippo", "Phelan, Rachel", "Saber, Wael", "Shaw, Bronwen E", "Weisdorf, Daniel", "Devine, Steven M", "Horowitz, Mary M"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283185", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant barriers to timely donor evaluation, cell collection, and graft transport for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HCT). To ensure availability of donor cells on the scheduled date of infusion, many sites now collect cryopreserved grafts before the start of pretransplantation conditioning. Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (ptCY) is an increasingly used approach for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis, but the impact of graft cryopreservation on the outcomes of allo-HCT using ptCY is not known. Using the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) database, we compared the outcomes of HCT using cryopreserved versus fresh grafts in patients undergoing HCT for hematologic malignancy with ptCY. We analyzed 274 patients with hematologic malignancy undergoing allo-HCT between 2013 and 2018 with cryopreserved grafts and ptCY. Eighteen patients received bone marrow grafts and 256 received peripheral blood stem cell grafts. These patients were matched for age, graft type, disease risk index (DRI), and propensity score with 1080 patients who underwent allo-HCT with fresh grafts. The propensity score, which is an assessment of the likelihood of receiving a fresh graft versus a cryopreserved graft, was calculated using logistic regression to account for the following: disease histology, Karnofsky Performance Score (KPS), HCT Comorbidity Index, conditioning regimen intensity, donor type, and recipient race. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Secondary endpoints included acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), non-relapse mortality (NRM), relapse/progression and disease-free survival (DFS). Because of multiple comparisons, only P values <.01 were considered statistically significant. The 2 cohorts (cryopreserved and fresh) were similar in terms of patient age, KPS, diagnosis, DRI, HCT-CI, donor/graft source, and conditioning intensity. One-year probabilities of OS were 71.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 68.3% to 73.8%) with fresh grafts and 70.3% (95% CI, 64.6% to 75.7%) with cryopreserved grafts (P\u00a0=\u00a0.81). Corresponding probabilities of OS at 2 years were 60.6% (95% CI, 57.3% to 63.8%) and 58.7% (95% CI, 51.9% to 65.4%) (P\u00a0=\u00a0.62). In matched-pair regression analysis, graft cryopreservation was not associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] for cryopreserved versus fresh, 1.05; 95% CI, .86 to 1.29; P\u00a0=\u00a0.60). Similarly, rates of neutrophil recovery (HR, .91; 95% CI, .80 to 1.02; P\u00a0=\u00a0.12), platelet recovery (HR, .88; 95% CI, .78 to 1.00; P\u00a0=\u00a0.05), grade III-IV acute GVHD (HR, .78; 95% CI, .50 to 1.22; P\u00a0=\u00a0.27), NRM (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, .86 to 1.55; P\u00a0=\u00a0.32) and relapse/progression (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, .97 to 1.50; P\u00a0=\u00a0.09) were similar with cryopreserved grafts versus fresh grafts. There were somewhat lower rates of chronic GVHD (HR, 78; 95% CI, .61 to .99; P\u00a0=\u00a0.04) and DFS (HR for treatment failure, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.29; P\u00a0=\u00a0.04) with graft cryopreservation that were of marginal statistical significance after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Overall, our data indicate that graft cryopreservation does not significantly delay hematopoietic recovery, increase the risk of acute GVHD or NRM, or decrease OS after allo-HCT using ptCY."}, {"pmid": 32319878, "pmcid": "PMC7231663", "title": "Borderless collaboration is needed for COVID-19-A disease that knows no borders.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mohamed, Kawthar", "Rodriguez-Roman, Eduardo", "Rahmani, Farzaneh", "Zhang, Hongbo", "Ivanovska, Mariya", "Makka, Sara A", "Joya, Musa", "Makuku, Rangarirai", "Islam, Md Shahidul", "Radwan, Nesrine", "Rahmah, Laila", "Goda, Rayan", "Abarikwu, Sunny O", "Shaw, Mujtaba", "Zoghi, Samaneh", "Irtsyan, Sevan", "Ling, Irene", "Cseprekal, Orsolya", "Faten, Attig-Bahar", "Hazar Sayar, Esra", "Soloukey, Chagajeg", "Grancini, Giulia", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319878", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396400, "title": "No deleterious effect of lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic on glycaemic control, measured by glucose monitoring, in adults with type 1 diabetes.", "journal": "Diabetes Technol Ther", "authors": ["Beato-Vibora, Pilar Isabel"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396400", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the health public authorities to impose extraordinary policies to limit the virus spread. Lockdown has been recognized as an effective measure to minimise the risk of infection. The effect of this extreme and prolonged situation on glycaemic control in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is unknown. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) allow health care professionals to remotely monitored sensor glucose levels. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of lockdown on glycaemic control in adults with T1D. People with T1D on multiple daily insulin injections and using CGM or FGM were included. Sensor data from the 2 weeks before the start of the COVID-19 lockdown and from the 2 weeks after 5 weeks of consecutive lockdown were compared. 147 subjects were selected (age: 39\u00b114 years (15-80), 54% male (n=80), diabetes duration: 18\u00b111 years). Forty six percent (n=68) were CGM users and 54% (n=79) FGM users. Estimated HbA1c was reduced from 57\u00b111 mmol/l to 55\u00b111 mmol/l (7.38\u00b11.0% to 7.16\u00b11.0%), (p<0.001). Time 70-180 mg/dl was increased from 60.3\u00b116.0 to 62.8\u00b117.0 (p=0.009). Time >180 mg/dl and >250 mg/dl were reduced from 36.0\u00b117.2 to 32.6\u00b117.5 (p<0.001) and from 11.9\u00b111.8 to 9.4\u00b110.3%, (p=0.001), respectively. Time in hypoglycaemia remained unchanged. Estimated HbA1c and time in range 70-180 mg/dl showed an improvement in 62% (n=91) of the subjects. Sensor use (93%) and coefficient of variation (36%) remained unchanged. No deterioration in glycaemic control was found as a result of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32430070, "pmcid": "PMC7236639", "title": "The urgent need for integrated science to fight COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Moradian, Negar", "Ochs, Hans D", "Sedikies, Constantine", "Hamblin, Michael R", "Camargo, Carlos A Jr", "Martinez, J Alfredo", "Biamonte, Jacob D", "Abdollahi, Mohammad", "Torres, Pedro J", "Nieto, Juan J", "Ogino, Shuji", "Seymour, John F", "Abraham, Ajith", "Cauda, Valentina", "Gupta, Sudhir", "Ramakrishna, Seeram", "Sellke, Frank W", "Sorooshian, Armin", "Wallace Hayes, A", "Martinez-Urbistondo, Maria", "Gupta, Manoj", "Azadbakht, Leila", "Esmaillzadeh, Ahmad", "Kelishadi, Roya", "Esteghamati, Alireza", "Emam-Djomeh, Zahra", "Majdzadeh, Reza", "Palit, Partha", "Badali, Hamid", "Rao, Idupulapati", "Saboury, Ali Akbar", "Jagan Mohan Rao, L", "Ahmadieh, Hamid", "Montazeri, Ali", "Fadini, Gian Paolo", "Pauly, Daniel", "Thomas, Sabu", "Moosavi-Movahed, Ali A", "Aghamohammadi, Asghar", "Behmanesh, Mehrdad", "Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa", "Ghavami, Saeid", "Mehran, Roxana", "Uddin, Lucina Q", "Von Herrath, Matthias", "Mobasher, Bahram", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430070", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has become the leading societal concern. The pandemic has shown that the public health concern is not only a medical problem, but also affects society as a whole; so, it has also become the leading scientific concern. We discuss in this treatise the importance of bringing the world's scientists together to find effective solutions for controlling the pandemic. By applying novel research frameworks, interdisciplinary collaboration promises to manage the pandemic's consequences and prevent recurrences of similar pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32396999, "pmcid": "PMC7272804", "title": "Clustered Cases of Acral Perniosis: Clinical Features, Histopathology and Relationship to COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Cordoro, Kelly M", "Reynolds, Sean D", "Wattier, Rachel", "McCalmont, Timothy H"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396999", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There has been a recent marked increase in pediatric and adult patients presenting with purpuric acral lesions concerning for ischemia, thrombosis and necrosis in COVID-19 prevalent regions worldwide. The clinical and histopathological features and relationship to COVID-19 have not been well described. The objective of this case series is to describe the clinical features and determine the histopathologic findings and clinical implications of the clusters of acral perniosis cases identified in pediatric patients. We describe 6 otherwise healthy adolescents - 3 siblings per family from 2 unrelated families - presented within a 48-hour period in April, 2020, with acral perniosis-like lesions in the context of over 30 similar patients who were evaluated within the same week. Affected patients had mild symptoms of viral upper respiratory infection (URI) or contact with symptomatic persons 1-2 weeks preceding the rash. They all presented with red to violaceous macules and dusky, purpuric plaques scattered on the mid and distal aspects of the toes. Skin biopsies performed on each of the 6 patients demonstrated near identical histopathologic findings to those of idiopathic perniosis, with a lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate without evidence of thromboembolism or immune complex vasculitis. While SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction was negative, testing was performed 1-2 weeks after URI symptoms or sick contact exposure. We offer a clinical approach to evaluation of patients with this presentation and discuss the possibility that these skin findings represent a convalescent-phase cutaneous reaction to SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32472250, "pmcid": "PMC7259432", "title": "Survival strategy of urology department during the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Int Urol Nephrol", "authors": ["Choi, Se Young", "Kim, Tae-Hyoung"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472250", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32188482, "pmcid": "PMC7081588", "title": "COVID-19 infection epidemic: the medical management strategies in Heilongjiang Province, China.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Wang, Hongliang", "Wang, Sicong", "Yu, Kaijiang"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188482", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458739, "title": "Social Work Response Needed to the Challenge of COVID-19 for Aging People with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilties.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["McCallion, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458739", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474988, "title": "Non-complicated evolution of COVID-19 infection in a patient with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis during treatment with adalimumab.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Valenti, M", "Facheris, P", "Pavia, G", "Gargiulo, L", "Borroni, R G", "Costanzo, A", "Narcisi, A"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474988", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299780, "pmcid": "PMC7118531", "title": "Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 as the Molecular Bridge Between Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Bombardini, Tonino", "Picano, Eugenio"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299780", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384171, "pmcid": "PMC7267419", "title": "COVID-19 treatment in patients with comorbidities: Awareness of drug-drug interactions.", "journal": "Br J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Back, David", "Marzolini, Catia", "Hodge, Catherine", "Marra, Fiona", "Boyle, Alison", "Gibbons, Sara", "Burger, David", "Khoo, Saye"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384171", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439516, "pmcid": "PMC7234954", "title": "COVID-19 Lessons: The Alignment of Palliative Medicine and Trauma-Informed Care.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Brown, Chelsea", "Peck, Sarah", "Humphreys, Jessi", "Schoenherr, Laura", "Saks, Naomi Tzril", "Sumser, Bridget", "Elia, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439516", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic wears on, its psychological, emotional, and existential toll continues to grow and indeed may now rival the physical suffering caused by the illness. Patients, caregivers, and health-care workers are particularly at risk for trauma responses and would be well served by trauma-informed care practices to minimize both immediate and long-term psychological distress. Given the significant overlap between the core tenets of trauma-informed care and accepted guidelines for the provision of quality palliative care (PC), PC teams are particularly well poised to both incorporate such practices into routine care and to argue for their integration across health systems. We outline this intersection to highlight the uniquely powerful role PC teams can play to reduce the long-term psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32384180, "pmcid": "PMC7273083", "title": "Clinical and histological characterization of vesicular COVID-19 rashes: A prospective study in a tertiary care hospital.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Fernandez-Nieto, D", "Ortega-Quijano, D", "Jimenez-Cauhe, J", "Burgos-Blasco, P", "de Perosanz-Lobo, D", "Suarez-Valle, A", "Cortes-Cuevas, J L", "Carretero, I", "Garcia Del Real, C M", "Fernandez-Guarino, M"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384180", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Vesicular skin rashes have been associated to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), but there is little information about this cutaneous manifestation. We designed a prospective observational study of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and vesicular lesions. Clinical characterization of skin findings was conducted by dermatologists. When possible, histological analysis and detection of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the content of the vesicles was performed. A total of 24 patients were included. A disseminated pattern was found in 18 patients (75%), and a localized pattern was found in 6 patients (25%). The median duration of the skin rash was of 10 days. Out of all, 19 patients (79.2%) presented the skin rash after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Histologic examination in two patients was consistent with viral infection, SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in four patients. This monocentric study shows the clinical characteristics of vesicular skin rashes in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32520878, "title": "The Potential Impact & Availability of Sexual Health Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Sex Transm Dis", "authors": ["Nagendra, Gowri", "Carnevale, Caroline", "Neu, Natalie", "Cohall, Alwyn", "Zucker, Jason"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520878", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic causes upheaval in New York City (NYC), one consequence is the accessibility of sexual health services. The NYC STD Prevention Training Center at Columbia University administered an online provider survey to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the availability of sexual health care services regionally."}, {"pmid": 32476306, "pmcid": "PMC7261700", "title": "Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in a COVID-19 Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated with Etanercept: Case Report.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Lee, Jong Mok", "Lee, Sang Jin"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476306", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The neurologic manifestations concerning coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are highly penetrated. Anosmia and ageusia are one of the common acute neurologic symptoms, which develop in the early stage of COVID-19. However, it is not reported that how immunosuppressive agents affect these symptoms. We report olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treated with etanercept during COVID-19. A 53-year-old female showing AS controlled with tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 inhibitor, etanercept, had been diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, presenting cough and rhinorrhea. One month after diagnosis, she complained about hyposmia and hypogeusia two days before the seronegative conversion of SARS-CoV-2, which were confirmed by a neurological examination. We speculate that the etanercept may have delayed the development of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in the patient."}, {"pmid": 32259337, "pmcid": "PMC7262155", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical services: early experiences at a nominated COVID-19 centre.", "journal": "ANZ J Surg", "authors": ["McBride, Kate E", "Brown, Kilian G M", "Fisher, Oliver M", "Steffens, Daniel", "Yeo, David A", "Koh, Cherry E"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259337", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449329, "pmcid": "PMC7246183", "title": "Clinical Significance of a High SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in the Saliva.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Yoon, Jin Gu", "Yoon, Jung", "Song, Joon Young", "Yoon, Soo Young", "Lim, Chae Seung", "Seong, Hye", "Noh, Ji Yun", "Cheong, Hee Jin", "Kim, Woo Joo"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449329", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can unknowingly spread the virus to several people during the early subclinical period. We evaluated the viral dynamics in various body fluid specimens, such as nasopharyngeal swab, oropharyngeal swab, saliva, sputum, and urine specimens, of two patients with COVID-19 from hospital day 1 to 9. Additional samples of the saliva were taken at 1 hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours after using a chlorhexidine mouthwash. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load was determined by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). SARS-CoV-2 was detected from all the five specimens of both patients by rRT-PCR. The viral load was the highest in the nasopharynx (patient 1 = 8.41 log10 copies/mL; patient 2 = 7.49 log10 copies/mL), but it was also remarkably high in the saliva (patient 1 = 6.63 log10 copies/mL; patient 2 = 7.10 log10 copies/mL). SARS-CoV-2 was detected up to hospital day 6 (illness day 9 for patient 2) from the saliva of both patients. The viral load in the saliva decreased transiently for 2 hours after using the chlorhexidine mouthwash. SARS-CoV-2 viral load was consistently high in the saliva; it was relatively higher than that in the oropharynx during the early stage of COVID-19. Chlorhexidine mouthwash was effective in reducing the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the saliva for a short-term period."}, {"pmid": 32485316, "pmcid": "PMC7260530", "title": "Pentoxifylline and complicated COVID-19: A pathophysiologically based treatment proposal.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Assimakopoulos, Stelios F", "Seintis, Fotios", "Marangos, Markos"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485316", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529424, "pmcid": "PMC7287282", "title": "[COVID-19 preparedness in ophthalmology].", "journal": "Ophthalmologe", "authors": ["Wacker, Katrin", "Reinhard, Thomas"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529424", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare work is a\u00a0risk factor for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To review risk mitigation strategies in ophthalmology during the COVID-19 pandemic. Risk mitigation strategies to maintain ophthalmology care, to prevent collateral damage from care disruption, and to prevent the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a02 (SARS-CoV-2) are summarized based on the example of a\u00a0tertiary referral center in Germany. Clinical management strategies included restricted access to buildings, triage systems, telemedicine approaches, strategies for rapid treat and release, and transparent communication strategies. Strategies to protect patients and staff relied on both standard hygiene precautions and the use of personal protective equipment for prevention of droplet infections. Physical barriers supported risk mitigation strategies. To maintain ophthalmological care during the COVID-19 pandemic, a\u00a0coordinated, multifaceted approach using risk mitigation strategies to protect staff, patients, and the public was initiated."}, {"pmid": 32320999, "pmcid": "PMC7176336", "title": "CHALLENGES IN THE FIGHT AGAINST THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS.", "journal": "Rev Paul Pediatr", "authors": ["Medeiros, Eduardo Alexandrino Servolo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320999", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32159234, "pmcid": "PMC7228230", "title": "Identification of coronavirus sequences in carp cDNA from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Conway, Michael J"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32159234", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus sequences were identified in two separate complementary DNA (cDNA) pools. The first pool was from a Carassius auratus (crusian carp) cell line and the second was from Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp) head kidney tissue. BLAST analysis suggests that these sequences belong to SARS-like coronaviruses, and that they are not evolutionarily conserved in other species. Investigation of the submitting laboratories revealed that two laboratories from the Institute of Hydrobiology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Wuhan, China performed the research and submitted the cDNA libraries to GenBank. This institution is very close in proximity to the Wuhan South China Seafood Wholesale Market where SARS-CoV-2 first amplified in the human population. It is possible that these sequences are an artifact of the bioinformatics pipeline that was used. It is also possible that SARS-like coronaviruses are a common environmental pathogen in the region that may be in aquatic habitats."}, {"pmid": 32525700, "title": "Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in Association with COVID-19.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Simpson, John M", "Newburger, Jane W"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525700", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145214, "pmcid": "PMC7133663", "title": "Lymphopenic community acquired pneumonia as signature of severe COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Bermejo-Martin, Jesus F", "Almansa, Raquel", "Menendez, Rosario", "Mendez, Raul", "Kelvin, David J", "Torres, Antoni"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145214", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359035, "title": "Pilot prospective open, single-arm multicentre study on off-label use of tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Sciascia, Savino", "Apra, Franco", "Baffa, Alessandra", "Baldovino, Simone", "Boaro, Daniela", "Boero, Roberto", "Bonora, Stefano", "Calcagno, Andrea", "Cecchi, Irene", "Cinnirella, Giacoma", "Converso, Marcella", "Cozzi, Martina", "Crosasso, Paola", "De Iaco, Fabio", "Di Perri, Giovanni", "Eandi, Mario", "Fenoglio, Roberta", "Giusti, Massimo", "Imperiale, Daniele", "Imperiale, Gianlorenzo", "Livigni, Sergio", "Manno, Emilpaolo", "Massara, Carlo", "Milone, Valeria", "Natale, Giuseppe", "Navarra, Mauro", "Oddone, Valentina", "Osella, Sara", "Piccioni, Pavilio", "Radin, Massimo", "Roccatello, Dario", "Rossi, Daniela"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359035", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No agent has yet been proven to be effective for the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19. We conducted a pilot prospective open, single-arm multicentre study on off-label use of tocilizumab (TCZ) involving 63 hospitalised adult patients (56 males, age 62.6\u00b112.5) with severe COVID-19. Clinical and laboratory parameters were prospectively collected at baseline, day 1, 2, 7 and 14. No moderate-to-severe adverse events attributable to TCZ were recorded. We observed a significant improvement in the levels of ferritin, C-reactive protein, D-dimer. The ratio of the partial pressure of oxygen (Pa02) to the fraction of inspired oxygen (Fi02) improved (mean\u00b1SD Pa02/Fi02 at admission: 152\u00b153; at day 7: 283.73\u00b1115.9, at day 14: 302.2\u00b1126, p<0.05). The overall mortality was 11%; D-dimer level at baseline, but not IL-6 levels were predictors of mortality. TCZ administration within 6 days from admission in the hospital was associated with an increased likelihood of survival (HR 2.2 95%CI 1.3-6.7, p<0.05). In hospitalised adult patients with severe COVID-19, TCZ could be a safe option. An improvement in respiratory and laboratory parameters was observed. Future controlled trials in patients with severe illness are urgently needed to confirm the definite benefit with IL-6 target therapy."}, {"pmid": 32432217, "pmcid": "PMC7226308", "title": "COVID-19 Special Column: Principles Behind the Technology for Detecting SARS-CoV-2, the Cause of COVID-19.", "journal": "Hawaii J Health Soc Welf", "authors": ["Ching, Lauren", "Chang, Sandra P", "Nerurkar, Vivek R"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432217", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nationwide shortages of tests that detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and diagnose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have led the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to significantly relax regulations regarding COVID-19 diagnostic testing. To date the FDA has given emergency use authorization (EUA) to 48 COVID-19 in vitro diagnostic tests and 21 high complexity molecular-based laboratory developed tests, as well as implemented policies that give broad authority to clinical laboratories and commercial manufacturers in the development, distribution, and use of COVID-19 diagnostic tests. Currently, there are 2 types of diagnostic tests available for the detection of SARS-CoV-2: (1) molecular and (2) serological tests. Molecular detection of nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) sequences relating to the suspected pathogen is indicative of an active infection with the suspected pathogen. Serological tests detect antibodies against the suspected pathogen, which are produced by an individual's immune system. A positive serological test result indicates recent exposure to the suspected pathogen but cannot be used to determine if the individual is actively infected with the pathogen or immune to reinfection. In this article, the SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic tests currently approved by the FDA under EUA are reviewed, and other diagnostic tests that researchers are developing to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32531154, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic repercussions on the use and management of plastics.", "journal": "Environ Sci Technol", "authors": ["Prata, Joana Correia", "Patricio Silva, Ana Luisa", "Walker, Tony R", "Duarte, Armando C", "Rocha Santos, Teresa"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531154", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Plastics are essential in society as a widely available and inexpensive material. Mismanagement of personal protective equipment (PPE) during COVID-19 pandemic, with a monthly estimated use of 129 billion face masks and 65 billion gloves globally, is resulting in widespread environmental contamination. This poses a risk to public health as a vector for SARS-CoV-2 virus, which survives up to 3 days on plastics, as well as impacts to ecosystems and organisms more broadly functions. Concerns over the role of reusable plastics as vectors for SARS-CoV-2 virus contributed to the reversal of bans on single-use plastics, highly supported by the plastic industry. While not underestimating the importance of plastics in the prevention of COVID-19 transmission, it is imperative not to undermine recent progress made in the sustainable use of plastics. There is a need to assess alternatives that allow reductions of PPE and reinforce awareness on the proper public use and disposal. Finally, assessment of contamination and impacts of plastics driven by the pandemic will be required once the outbreak ends."}, {"pmid": 32450201, "pmcid": "PMC7243754", "title": "Side effects of ruxolitinib in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: Two case reports.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Gaspari, Valeria", "Zengarini, Corrado", "Greco, Sonia", "Vangeli, Valeria", "Mastroianni, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450201", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339251, "pmcid": "PMC7267452", "title": "The importance of hypertension as a risk factor for severe illness and mortality in COVID-19.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Cook, T M"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339251", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32165386, "pmcid": "PMC7067954", "title": "Complete Genome Sequence of a 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Strain Isolated in Nepal.", "journal": "Microbiol Resour Announc", "authors": ["Sah, Ranjit", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J", "Jha, Runa", "Chu, Daniel K W", "Gu, Haogao", "Peiris, Malik", "Bastola, Anup", "Lal, Bibek Kumar", "Ojha, Hemant Chanda", "Rabaan, Ali A", "Zambrano, Lysien I", "Costello, Anthony", "Morita, Kouichi", "Pandey, Basu Dev", "Poon, Leo L M"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165386", "countries": ["China", "Nepal"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A complete genome sequence was obtained for a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain isolated from an oropharyngeal swab specimen of a Nepalese patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), who had returned to Nepal after traveling to Wuhan, China."}, {"pmid": 32516467, "title": "Testing Asymptomatic Emergency Department Patients for Coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) in a Low Prevalence Region.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ford, James S", "Parikh, Aman", "Sandhu, Rupinder", "Turnipseed, Samuel", "Morris, Beth", "May, Larissa", "Holmes, James F"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516467", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first cases of Coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19) were reported in Wuhan, China in December 20191 . The literature demonstrates geographical variation with regards to estimates of infection incidence, suggesting that COVID-19 has been underdiagnosed in certain regions2,3 . The rate of asymptomatic infection has been estimated to be as high as 30.8%, which may help explain variation in incidence, particularly in regions with differing screening practices 3 . Transmission of COVID-19 by asymptomatic carriers has been reported in multiple family units, indicating that this mode of infection is important in understanding disease epidemiology and population risk4,5 ."}, {"pmid": 32007135, "pmcid": "PMC7129118", "title": "Origins of MERS-CoV, and lessons for 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Lancet Planet Health", "authors": ["Ji, John S"], "date": "2020-02-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32007135", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520832, "title": "Social Justice, Triage, and COVID-19: Ignore Life-years Saved.", "journal": "Med Care", "authors": ["Stone, John R"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520832", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251649, "pmcid": "PMC7194667", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: staged management of surgical services for gynecology and obstetrics.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Weber LeBrun, Emily E", "Moawad, Nash S", "Rosenberg, Eric I", "Morey, Timothy E", "Davies, Laurie", "Collins, William O", "Smulian, John C"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251649", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic warrants an unprecedented global healthcare response requiring maintenance of existing hospital-based services while simultaneously preparing for high-acuity care for infected and sick individuals. Hospitals must protect patients and the diverse healthcare workforce by conserving personal protective equipment and redeployment of facility resources. While each hospital or health system must evaluate their own capabilities and surge capacity, we present principles of management of surgical services during a health emergency and provide specific guidance to help with decision making. We review the limited evidence from past hospital and community responses to various health emergencies and focus on systematic methods for adjusting surgical services to create capacity, addressing the specific risks of coronavirus disease 2019. Successful strategies for tiered reduction of surgical cases involve multidisciplinary engagement of the entire healthcare system and use of a structured risk-assessment categorization scheme that can be applied across the institution. Our institution developed and operationalized this approach over 3 working days, indicating that immediate implementation is feasible in response to an unforeseen healthcare emergency."}, {"pmid": 32324622, "pmcid": "PMC7188041", "title": "Restructuring Electrophysiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Practical Guide from a New York City Hospital Network.", "journal": "Crit Pathw Cardiol", "authors": ["Rubin, Geoffrey A", "Wan, Elaine Y", "Saluja, Deepak", "Thomas, George", "Slotwiner, David J", "Goldbarg, Seth", "Chaudhary, Salma", "Turitto, Gioia", "Dizon, Jose", "Yarmohammadi, Hirad", "Ehlert, Frederick", "Rubin, David A", "Morrow, John P", "Waase, Marc", "Berman, Jeremy", "Kushnir, Alexander", "Abrams, Mark P", "Halik, Carolyn", "Kumaraiah, Deepa", "Schwartz, Allan", "Kirtane, Ajay", "Kodali, Susheel", "Goldenthal, Isaac", "Garan, Hasan", "Biviano, Angelo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324622", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 crisis is a global pandemic of a novel infectious disease with far-ranging public health implications. With regard to cardiac electrophysiology (EP) services, we discuss the \"real-world\" challenges and solutions that have been essential for efficient and successful (i) ramping down of standard clinical practice patterns and (ii) pivoting of workflow processes to meet the demands of this pandemic. The aims of these recommendations are to outline: (1) essential practical steps to approaching procedures, as well as outpatient and inpatient care of EP patients, with relevant examples, (2) successful strategies to minimize exposure risk to patients and clinical staff while also balancing resource utilization, (3) challenges related to redeployment and restructuring of clinical and support staff, and (4) considerations regarding continued collaboration with clinical and administrative colleagues in order to implement these changes. While process changes will vary across practices and hospital systems, we believe that these experiences from four different EP sections in a large New York city hospital network currently based in the global epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic will prove useful for other EP practices adapting their own practices in preparation for local surges."}, {"pmid": 32396628, "pmcid": "PMC7239120", "title": "Presumed COVID-19 Index Case on Diamond Princess cruise ship and Evacuees to Hong Kong.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Leung, Wai Shing", "Chan, Jacky Man Chun", "Chik, Thomas Shiu Hong", "Lau, Daphne Pui Ling", "Choi, Chris Yau Chung", "Lau, Alicia Wing Tung", "Tsang, Owen Tak Yin"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396628", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241325, "pmcid": "PMC7160162", "title": "How Is COVID-19 Affecting South Korea? What Is Our Current Strategy?", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Her, Minyoung"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241325", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 is expanding globally. South Korea is one of the countries most affected by COVID-19 from the very early stages of this pandemic. Explosive outbreaks occurred across South Korea in the first two months, and efforts to control this new virus have involved everyone across the country. To curb the transmission of the virus, health-care professionals, committees, and governments have combined many approaches, such as extensive COVID-19 screening, effective patient triage, the transparent provision of information, and the use of information technology. This experience could provide some valuable ideas and lessons to others who are fighting against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32425265, "pmcid": "PMC7229971", "title": "A perfect storm: Root cause analysis of supra-therapeutic anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Speed, V", "Patel, R K", "Byrne, R", "Roberts, L N", "Arya, R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425265", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382141, "pmcid": "PMC7205024", "title": "Surgeon's protection during ophthalmic surgery in the Covid-19 era: a novel fitted drape for ophthalmic operating microscopes.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Anguita, Rodrigo", "Tossounis, Harry", "Mehat, Manjit", "Eames, Ian", "Wickham, Louisa"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382141", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392330, "pmcid": "PMC7239237", "title": "The Effects of Pregnancy on Women with COVID-19: Maternal and Infant Outcomes.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Schwartz, David A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392330", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374033, "pmcid": "PMC7267284", "title": "Chilblain-like lesions in children following suspected COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Colonna, Cristiana", "Monzani, Nicola Adriano", "Rocchi, Alessia", "Gianotti, Raffaele", "Boggio, Francesca", "Gelmetti, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374033", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, chilblain-like lesions have been reported in mildly symptomatic children and adolescents. We present four children investigated for suspected COVID-19 infection who presented with acral skin findings and mild systemic symptoms. Histology from one case showed signs of vasculitis with evident fibrin thrombus."}, {"pmid": 32525469, "title": "COVID-19: asymptomatic carrier transmission is an underestimated problem.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Zhao, Hong-Jun", "Lu, Xiao-Xiao", "Deng, Yi-Bin", "Tang, Yu-Jin", "Lu, Jia-Chun"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525469", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359911, "pmcid": "PMC7151254", "title": "Plastic Bags as Personal Protective Equipment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea.", "journal": "J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Lee, Eric", "Loh, Will", "Ang, Ivy", "Tan, Yanni"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359911", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332039, "title": "Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and COVID-19.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Quinn, Kieran L", "Fralick, Michael", "Zipursky, Jonathan S", "Stall, Nathan M"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332039", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276260, "pmcid": "PMC7161163", "title": "Editorial. Response to COVID-19 in Chinese neurosurgery and beyond.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Sun, Yirui", "Mao, Ying"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276260", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363352, "pmcid": "PMC7194973", "title": "COVID-19: A United Kingdom National Health Service cardiology perspective.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Collins, George B", "Jenner, William J", "Kaier, Thomas E", "Bhattacharyya, Sanjeev"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363352", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505070, "title": "Nebulized Lidocaine in COVID-19, An Hypothesis.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Ali, Ziad A", "El-Mallakh, Rif S"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505070", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Diseases-2019 (COVID-19) has caused a large global outbreak and has been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). It has been proposed that COVID-19-related hyperinflammation and dysregulated immune response might play a critical role in developing a cytokine storm which usually progresses to a life-threatening acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome in infected individuals. Lidocaine, a local analgesic and anti-arrhythmic, is known for its anti-inflammatory actions and has been used to reduce cough and improve respiratory symptoms in severe asthmatic patients. It has a demonstrated safety profile. It is proposed that nebulized lidocaine might be beneficial in reducing cytokines, protecting patients' lungs and improving outcomes in COVID-19 patients when administered via inhalation as an adjunctive treatment for severe respiratory symptoms in patients fighting the novel Coronavirus. Additional investigation is warranted."}, {"pmid": 32384159, "pmcid": "PMC7239177", "title": "Effectiveness of interventions targeting air travellers for delaying local outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Clifford, Samuel", "Pearson, Carl A B", "Klepac, Petra", "Van Zandvoort, Kevin", "Quilty, Billy J", "Eggo, Rosalind M", "Flasche, Stefan"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384159", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We evaluated if interventions aimed at air travellers can delay local SARS-CoV-2 community transmission in a previously unaffected country. We simulated infected air travellers arriving into countries with no sustained SARS-CoV-2 transmission or other introduction routes from affected regions. We assessed the effectiveness of syndromic screening at departure and/or arrival & traveller sensitisation to the COVID-2019-like symptoms with the aim to trigger rapid self-isolation and reporting on symptom onset to enable contact tracing. We assumed that syndromic screening would reduce the number of infected arrivals and that traveller sensitisation reduces the average number of secondary cases. We use stochastic simulations to account for uncertainty in both arrival and secondary infections rates, and present sensitivity analyses on arrival rates of infected travellers and the effectiveness of traveller sensitisation. We report the median expected delay achievable in each scenario and an inner 50% interval. Under baseline assumptions, introducing exit and entry screening in combination with traveller sensitisation can delay a local SARS-CoV-2 outbreak by 8\u00a0days (50% interval: 3-14\u00a0days) when the rate of importation is 1 infected traveller per week at time of introduction. The additional benefit of entry screening is small if exit screening is effective: the combination of only exit screening and traveller sensitisation can delay an outbreak by 7\u00a0days (50% interval: 2-13\u00a0days). In the absence of screening, with less effective sensitisation, or a higher rate of importation, these delays shrink rapidly to less than 4\u00a0days. Syndromic screening and traveller sensitisation in combination may have marginally delayed SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in unaffected countries."}, {"pmid": 32401275, "title": "Global Effort to Collect Data on Ventilated Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Rubin, Rita"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401275", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472688, "title": "Low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 among pregnant and postpartum patients with universal screening in Seattle, Washington.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["LaCourse, Sylvia M", "Kachikis, Alisa", "Blain, Michela", "Simmons, LaVone E", "Mays, James A", "Pattison, Amber D", "Salerno, Carol C", "McCartney, Stephen A", "Kretzer, Nicole M", "Resnick, Rebecca", "Shay, Rosemary L", "Savitsky, Leah M", "Curtin, Anna C", "Huebner, Emily M", "Ma, Kimberly K", "Delaney, Shani", "Delgado, Carlos", "Schippers, Adrienne", "Munson, Jeff", "Pottinger, Paul S", "Cohen, Seth", "Neme, Santiago", "Bourassa, Lori", "Bryan, Andrew", "Greninger, Alex", "Jerome, Keith R", "Roxby, Alison C", "Lokken, Erica", "Cheng, Edith", "Adams Waldorf, Kristina M", "Hitti, Jane"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472688", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We found a low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 (2.7% [5/188]) among pregnant and postpartum patients after initiating universal testing. Prevalence among symptomatic patients (22.2% [4/18]) was similar to initial targeted screening approaches (19.1% [8/42]). Among 170 asymptomatic patients, two were positive or inconclusive, respectively; repeat testing at 24 hours was negative."}, {"pmid": 32527845, "title": "Evolving Neuroimaging Findings during COVID-19.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Jain, R"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527845", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304156, "pmcid": "PMC7264793", "title": "Inaccurate conclusions by Tang and colleagues.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Greenstein, Yonatan Y"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304156", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360567, "pmcid": "PMC7191276", "title": "Inflammatory bowel disease management during the COVID-19 outbreak: a survey from the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization (ECCO).", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["D'Amico, Ferdinando", "Danese, Silvio", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360567", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371150, "pmcid": "PMC7194049", "title": "Immediate impact of COVID-19 on transplant activity in the Netherlands.", "journal": "Transpl Immunol", "authors": ["de Vries, A P J", "Alwayn, I P J", "Hoek, R A S", "van den Berg, A P", "Ultee, F C W", "Vogelaar, S M", "Haase-Kromwijk, B J J M", "Heemskerk, M B A", "Hemke, A C", "Nijboer, W N", "Schaefer, B S", "Kuiper, M A", "de Jonge, J", "van der Kaaij, N P", "Reinders, M E J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371150", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented and poses an unparalleled obstacle in the sixty-five year history of organ transplantation. Worldwide, the delivery of transplant care is severely challenged by matters concerning - but not limited to - organ procurement, risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, screening strategies of donors and recipients, decisions to postpone or proceed with transplantation, the attributable risk of immunosuppression for COVID-19 and entrenched health care resources and capacity. The transplant community is faced with choosing a lesser of two evils: initiating immunosuppression and potentially accepting detrimental outcome when transplant recipients develop COVID-19 versus postponing transplantation and accepting associated waitlist mortality. Notably, prioritization of health care services for COVID-19 care raises concerns about allocation of resources to deliver care for transplant patients who might otherwise have excellent 1-year and 10-year survival rates. Children and young adults with end-stage organ disease in particular seem more disadvantaged by withholding transplantation because of capacity issues than from medical consequences of SARS-CoV-2. This report details the nationwide response of the Dutch transplant community to these issues and the immediate consequences for transplant activity. Worrisome, there was a significant decrease in organ donation numbers affecting all organ transplant services. In addition, there was a detrimental effect on transplantation numbers in children with end-organ failure. Ongoing efforts focus on mitigation of not only primary but also secondary harm of the pandemic and to find right definitions and momentum to restore the transplant programs."}, {"pmid": 32324950, "title": "Radiation therapy considerations during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Literature review and expert opinions.", "journal": "J Appl Clin Med Phys", "authors": ["Mohindra, Pranshu", "Buckey, Courtney R", "Chen, Shifeng", "Sio, Terence T", "Rong, Yi"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369281, "title": "A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Dalerba, Piero", "Levin, Bruce", "Thompson, John L"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369281", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385568, "pmcid": "PMC7205906", "title": "Surgery in times of COVID-19-recommendations for hospital and patient management.", "journal": "Langenbecks Arch Surg", "authors": ["Flemming, S", "Hankir, M", "Ernestus, R-I", "Seyfried, F", "Germer, C-T", "Meybohm, P", "Wurmb, T", "Vogel, U", "Wiegering, A"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385568", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has escalated rapidly to a global pandemic stretching healthcare systems worldwide to their limits. Surgeons have had to immediately react to this unprecedented clinical challenge by systematically repurposing surgical wards. To provide a detailed set of guidelines developed in a surgical ward at University Hospital Wuerzburg to safely accommodate the exponentially rising cases of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients without compromising the care of emergency surgery and oncological patients or jeopardizing the well-being of hospital staff. The dynamic prioritization of SARS-CoV-2 infected and surgical patient groups is key to preserving life while maintaining high surgical standards. Strictly segregating patient groups in emergency rooms, non-intensive care wards and operating areas prevents viral spread while adequately training and carefully selecting hospital staff allow them to confidently and successfully undertake their respective clinical duties."}, {"pmid": 32425293, "pmcid": "PMC7229962", "title": "Re: Al-Muharraqi MA. Testing recommendation for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients planned for surgery - continuing the service and 'suppressing' the pandemic. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2020 Apr 13 pii: S0266-4356(20)30164-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.04.014. [Epub ahead of print].", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["O' Connell, K", "Fitzpatrick, F", "Richmond, A", "Foley, M", "Martin, F"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425293", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458546, "title": "Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: A review of the published literature.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Elmas, Omer Faruk", "Demirbas, Abdullah", "Ozyurt, Kemal", "Atasoy, Mustafa", "Tursen, Umit"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458546", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2). COVID-19 outbreak, which caused thousands of deaths, has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The infection has been reported to demonstrate different types of cutaneous manifestations including urticarial, maculopapular, papulovesicular, purpuric, livedoid, and thromboticischemic lesions. Given the high mortality rate of the infection, timely and accurate identification of relevant cutaneous manifestations may play a key role in the early diagnosis and management. In this study, we provide a review with a focus on the reported cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32219356, "pmcid": "PMC7101506", "title": "Cardiovascular Implications of Fatal Outcomes of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Guo, Tao", "Fan, Yongzhen", "Chen, Ming", "Wu, Xiaoyan", "Zhang, Lin", "He, Tao", "Wang, Hairong", "Wan, Jing", "Wang, Xinghuan", "Lu, Zhibing"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219356", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasing numbers of confirmed cases and mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are occurring in several countries and continents. Information regarding the impact of cardiovascular complication on fatal outcome is scarce. To evaluate the association of underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) and myocardial injury with fatal outcomes in patients with COVID-19. This retrospective single-center case series analyzed patients with COVID-19 at the Seventh Hospital of Wuhan City, China, from January 23, 2020, to February 23, 2020. Analysis began February 25, 2020. Demographic data, laboratory findings, comorbidities, and treatments were collected and analyzed in patients with and without elevation of troponin T (TnT) levels. Among 187 patients with confirmed COVID-19, 144 patients (77%) were discharged and 43 patients (23%) died. The mean (SD) age was 58.50 (14.66) years. Overall, 66 (35.3%) had underlying CVD including hypertension, coronary heart disease, and cardiomyopathy, and 52 (27.8%) exhibited myocardial injury as indicated by elevated TnT levels. The mortality during hospitalization was 7.62% (8 of 105) for patients without underlying CVD and normal TnT levels, 13.33% (4 of 30) for those with underlying CVD and normal TnT levels, 37.50% (6 of 16) for those without underlying CVD but elevated TnT levels, and 69.44% (25 of 36) for those with underlying CVD and elevated TnTs. Patients with underlying CVD were more likely to exhibit elevation of TnT levels compared with the patients without CVD (36 [54.5%] vs 16 [13.2%]). Plasma TnT levels demonstrated a high and significantly positive linear correlation with plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.530, P\u2009<\u2009.001) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels (\u03b2\u2009=\u20090.613, P\u2009<\u2009.001). Plasma TnT and NT-proBNP levels during hospitalization (median [interquartile range (IQR)], 0.307 [0.094-0.600]; 1902.00 [728.35-8100.00]) and impending death (median [IQR], 0.141 [0.058-0.860]; 5375 [1179.50-25695.25]) increased significantly compared with admission values (median [IQR], 0.0355 [0.015-0.102]; 796.90 [401.93-1742.25]) in patients who died (P\u2009=\u2009.001; P\u2009<\u2009.001), while no significant dynamic changes of TnT (median [IQR], 0.010 [0.007-0.019]; 0.013 [0.007-0.022]; 0.011 [0.007-0.016]) and NT-proBNP (median [IQR], 352.20 [174.70-636.70]; 433.80 [155.80-1272.60]; 145.40 [63.4-526.50]) was observed in survivors (P\u2009=\u2009.96; P\u2009=\u2009.16). During hospitalization, patients with elevated TnT levels had more frequent malignant arrhythmias, and the use of glucocorticoid therapy (37 [71.2%] vs 69 [51.1%]) and mechanical ventilation (41 [59.6%] vs 14 [10.4%]) were higher compared with patients with normal TnT levels. The mortality rates of patients with and without use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers was 36.8% (7 of 19) and 25.6% (43 of 168). Myocardial injury is significantly associated with fatal outcome of COVID-19, while the prognosis of patients with underlying CVD but without myocardial injury is relatively favorable. Myocardial injury is associated with cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmias. Inflammation may be a potential mechanism for myocardial injury. Aggressive treatment may be considered for patients at high risk of myocardial injury."}, {"pmid": 32369476, "title": "[Digestive symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Rev Gastroenterol Peru", "authors": ["Cortes, Manuel E"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369476", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442619, "pmcid": "PMC7235567", "title": "Thoracic Surgical Oncology in Lombardy: How to Do It During COVID-19 Time?", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Bertolaccini, Luca", "Spaggiari, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415473, "pmcid": "PMC7227174", "title": "Radiotherapy during COVID-19 pandemic. How to create a No fly zone: a Northern Italy experience.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Montesi, Giampaolo", "Di Biase, Saide", "Chierchini, Sara", "Pavanato, Giovanni", "Virdis, Graziella Elia", "Contato, Edgardo", "Mandoliti, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415473", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic represents a troubling health emergency but also a main challenge for the clinical governance of the system. Discontinuation of radiation treatments is not desirable and potentially life-threatening. On the other hand, accesses to hospital expose cancer patients to an increased risk of COVID-19 infection. We report our extended protocol, draft to manage clinical activities in our radiotherapy department, by minimizing contagion risks. We used telephonic screening to assess the need for patient admission. A telephonic triage was performed to identify the presence of COVID-19 infection risk factors or symptoms. New treatments were stratified according to priority codes. A reserved entrance to radiotherapy department was assured for patients and staff. Surgical disposable mask was required for patients and caregivers. The activities were distributed during the whole workday, avoiding overlap to reduce aggregation. From 1st February 2020 to 31 March 2020, we reported an increase in the number of first medical examinations and treatments, compared to the same period of the previous year. Outpatients first medical examinations have been spread over the 12 working hours. No COVID-19 cases were detected. During COVID-19 pandemic, we introduced procedures that allowed us to ensure the continuity in oncological cares, with limited risks of infection for patients and staff."}, {"pmid": 32428111, "pmcid": "PMC7213663", "title": "Why is SARS-CoV-2 infection milder among children?", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Palmeira, Patricia", "Barbuto, Jose Alexandre M", "Silva, Clovis Artur A", "Carneiro-Sampaio, Magda"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428111", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276116, "pmcid": "PMC7144850", "title": "Rapid and visual detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) by a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Yan, C", "Cui, J", "Huang, L", "Du, B", "Chen, L", "Xue, G", "Li, S", "Zhang, W", "Zhao, L", "Sun, Y", "Yao, H", "Li, N", "Zhao, H", "Feng, Y", "Liu, S", "Zhang, Q", "Liu, D", "Yuan, J"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276116", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and compare it with RT-PCR. We designed primers specific to the orf1ab and S genes of SARS-CoV-2. Total viral RNA was extracted using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit. We optimized the RT-LAMP assay, and evaluated it for its sensitivity and specificity of detection using real-time turbidity monitoring and visual observation. The primer sets orf1ab-4 and S-123 amplified the genes in the shortest times, the mean (\u00b1SD) times were 18\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.32\u00a0min and 20\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.80\u00a0min, respectively, and 63\u00b0C was the optimum reaction temperature. The sensitivities were 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0101 copies and 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0102 copies per reaction with primer sets orf1ab-4 and S-123, respectively. This assay showed no cross-reactivity with 60 other respiratory pathogens. To describe the availability of this method in clinical diagnosis, we collected 130 specimens from patients with clinically suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. Among them, 58 were confirmed to be positive and 72 were negative by RT-LAMP. The sensitivity was 100% (95% CI 92.3%-100%), specificity 100% (95% CI 93.7%-100%). This assay detected SARS-CoV-2 in a mean (\u00b1SD) time of 26.28\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.48\u00a0min and the results can be identified with visual observation. These results demonstrate that we developed a rapid, simple, specific and sensitive RT-LAMP assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection among clinical samples. It will be a powerful tool for SARS-CoV-2 identification, and for monitoring suspected patients, close contacts and high-risk groups."}, {"pmid": 32216640, "title": "CSC Expert Consensus on Principles of Clinical Management of Patients With Severe Emergent Cardiovascular Diseases During the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Han, Yaling", "Zeng, Hesong", "Jiang, Hong", "Yang, Yuejin", "Yuan, Zuyi", "Cheng, Xiang", "Jing, Zhicheng", "Liu, Bin", "Chen, Jiyan", "Nie, Shaoping", "Zhu, Jianhua", "Li, Fei", "Ma, Changsheng"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216640", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, the Chinese Society of Cardiology (CSC) issued this consensus statement after consulting with 125 medical experts in the fields of cardiovascular disease and infectious disease. The over-arching principles laid out here are the following: 1) Consider the prevention and control of COVID-19 transmission as the highest priority, including self-protection of medical staff; 2) Patient risk assessment of both infection and cardiovascular issues. Where appropriate, preferential use of conservative medical therapeutic approaches to minimize disease spread; 3) At all times, medical practices and interventional procedures should be conducted in accordance with the directives of the infection control department of local hospitals and local health commissions."}, {"pmid": 32467125, "title": "Morphology of COVID-19-affected cells in peripheral blood film.", "journal": "BMJ Case Rep", "authors": ["Singh, Aminder", "Sood, Neena", "Narang, Vikram", "Goyal, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467125", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265115, "pmcid": "PMC7118674", "title": "COVID-19 in Colombia endpoints. Are we different, like Europe?", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Amariles, Pedro", "Granados, Johan", "Ceballos, Mauricio", "Montoya, Carlos Julio"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265115", "countries": ["Italy", "Colombia", "Spain"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The infection by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has taken the dimension of a pandemic, affecting more than 160 countries in a few weeks. In Colombia, despite the implementation of the rules established by the national government, exists an elevate concern both for mortality and for the limited capacity of the health system to respond effectively to the needs of patients infected. For Colombia, assuming a case fatality rate among people infected with SARS-CoV-2 of 0.6% (average data from the information reported for Latin American countries for March 18) (Table 1), the number of deaths, in one or two weeks, could be 16 and 243, respectively. These estimates differ markedly from those documented in countries such as Spain and Italy, in which COVID-19 case fatality rates exceed 8% (case of Italy) and from the percentage of patients who have required intensive care, which has ranged from 9% to 11% of patients in Mediterranean European countries. These differences could be explained due to: a) the percentage of the population at risk (individuals older than 60 years); b) a higher epidemiological exposure to viral respiratory infections associated with more frequent exposure to them, due to geographic and climatic conditions; c) less spread of the virus by location in the tropical zone; and d) earlier preventive measures to contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, it is possible to establish that the situation in this country will be different from in European Mediterranean and that Colombia could have different endpoints from Spain and Italy."}, {"pmid": 32294078, "pmcid": "PMC7177041", "title": "Comparison of the Indicators of Psychological Stress in the Population of Hubei Province and Non-Endemic Provinces in China During Two Weeks During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in February 2020.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Yuan, Shuai", "Liao, Zhenxin", "Huang, Haojie", "Jiang, Boyue", "Zhang, Xueyan", "Wang, Yingwen", "Zhao, Mingyi"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294078", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUND During February 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Hubei Province, China, was at its height, requiring isolation of the population. This study aimed to compare the emotional state, somatic responses, sleep quality, and behavior of people in Hubei Province with non-endemic provinces in China during two weeks in February 2020.\u00a0 MATERIAL AND METHODS Questionnaires were completed by 939 individuals (357 men; 582 women), including 33 from Hubei and 906 from non-endemic provinces. The Stress Response Questionnaire (SRQ) determined the emotional state, somatic responses, and behavior. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure the duration of sleep and sleep quality. RESULTS There were 939 study participants, aged 18-24 years (35.89%) and 25-39 years (35.57%); 65.92% were university students. During a two week period in February 2020, the emotional state and behavior of participants in Hubei improved, but the quality of sleep did not. Health workers and business people became increasingly anxious, but other professionals became less anxious. The data showed that most people in Hubei Province developed a more positive attitude regarding their risk of infection and the chances of surviving the COVID-19 epidemic. CONCLUSIONS During a two-week period, front-line health workers and people in Hubei Province became less anxious about the COVID-19 epidemic, but sleep quality did not improve. Despite public awareness, levels of anxiety exist that affect the quality of life during epidemics, including periods of population quarantine. Therefore, health education should be combined with psychological counseling for vulnerable individuals."}, {"pmid": 32471832, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors criticise Indian research agency for recommending hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bmj India Correspondent"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471832", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473049, "title": "Estimation of the Serial Interval and Basic Reproduction Number of COVID-19 in Qom, Iran, and Three Other Countries: A Data-Driven Analysis in the Early Phase of the Outbreak.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Aghaali, Mohammad", "Kolifarhood, Goodarz", "Nikbakht, Roya", "Mozafar Saadati, Hossein", "Hashemi Nazari, Seyed Saeed"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473049", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 was first reported from China, and on February 19, 2020, the first case was confirmed in Qom, Iran. The basic reproduction number (R0 ) of infection is variable in different populations and periods. The present study aimed to estimate the R0 of COVID-19 in Qom, Iran and compare it with other countries. For estimation of the serial interval, we used data of the 51 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and their 318 close contacts in the Qom, Iran. The daily number of confirmed cases in the early phase of the outbreak and estimated serial interval were used for R0 estimation. We used the time-varying method as a method with the least bias to estimate R0 in Qom, Iran, China, Italy, and South Korea. The serial interval was estimated with gamma distribution, mean of 4.55 days and a standard deviation of 3.30 days for the COVID-19 epidemic based on Qom data. The number of R0 in the present study was estimated to be between 2 and 3 in Qom. Of the four countries studied, the lowest R0 was estimated for South Korea (1.5-2) and the highest for Iran (4-5). Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that R0 is sensitive to the applied mean generation time. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the current study is the first to estimate R0 number in Qom. To control the epidemic, the number of reproduction number should be reduced by decreasing the contact rate, decreasing transmission probability and decreasing the duration of the infectious period."}, {"pmid": 32369204, "title": "Hepatic involvement in COVID-19 patients: Pathology, pathogenesis, and clinical implications.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Yueying", "Xiao, Shu-Yuan"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369204", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it has been observed that hepatic injury occurs in a significant proportion of patients, particularly in those with severe or critical illness. Mild increase in sinusoidal lymphocytic infiltration, sinusoidal dilatation, steatosis and multifocal hepatic necrosis are the pathologic changes reported. Direct viral-induced cellular injuries and potential hepatotoxicity from therapeutic drugs are two likely underlying mechanisms. In addition, the pre-existing chronic liver disease exacerbated during COVID-19, and COVID-19-related hyperinflammatory reactions may contribute to liver injury as well. Further studies of additional autopsy cases will help clarifying these possibilities."}, {"pmid": 32523109, "title": "Molecular structure analyses suggest strategies to therapeutically target SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Commun", "authors": ["Zhang, Yi", "Kutateladze, Tatiana G"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523109", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416787, "pmcid": "PMC7255139", "title": "Emergency ambulance services for heart attack and stroke during UK's COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Holmes, Jenny Lumley", "Brake, Simon", "Docherty, Mark", "Lilford, Richard", "Watson, Sam"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416787", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32161091, "title": "Covid-19: Trump proposes tax cuts and improved health insurance, but millions are not covered.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161091", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271935, "title": "Response of a European surgical department to the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Peloso, Andrea", "Moeckli, Beat", "Oldani, Graziano", "Triponez, Frederic", "Toso, Christian"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271935", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333843, "pmcid": "PMC7176380", "title": "First experience of COVID-19 screening of health-care workers in England.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Hunter, Ewan", "Price, David A", "Murphy, Elizabeth", "van der Loeff, Ina Schim", "Baker, Kenneth F", "Lendrem, Dennis", "Lendrem, Clare", "Schmid, Matthias L", "Pareja-Cebrian, Lucia", "Welch, Andrew", "Payne, Brendan A I", "Duncan, Christopher J A"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333843", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255510, "pmcid": "PMC7262046", "title": "COVID-19 and the use of immunomodulatory and biologic agents for severe cutaneous disease: An Australian/New Zealand consensus statement.", "journal": "Australas J Dermatol", "authors": ["Wang, Charlie", "Rademaker, Marius", "Baker, Christopher", "Foley, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255510", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients on immunomodulators, including biologic agents and new small molecular inhibitors, for cutaneous disease, represent a potentially vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is currently insufficient evidence to determine whether patients on systemic immunomodulators are at increased risk of developing COVID-19 disease or more likely to have severe disease. As such, clinicians need to assess the benefit-to-risk ratio on a case-by-case basis. In patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 disease, all immunomodulators used for skin diseases should be immediately withheld, with the possible exception of systemic corticosteroid therapy, which needs to be weaned. In patients who develop symptoms or signs of an upper respiratory tract infection, but COVID-19 is not yet confirmed, consider dose reduction or temporarily cessation for 1-2\u00a0weeks. In otherwise well patients, immunomodulators and biologics should be continued. In all patients, and their immediate close contacts, the importance of preventative measures to minimise human-to-human transmission cannot be overemphasised."}, {"pmid": 32376169, "pmcid": "PMC7195373", "title": "The Response of an Orthopedic Department and Specialty Hospital at the Epicenter of a Pandemic: The NYU Langone Health Experience.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Schwarzkopf, Ran", "Maher, Nolan A", "Slover, James D", "Strauss, Eric J", "Bosco, Joseph A", "Zuckerman, Joseph D"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376169", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world grapples with the COVID-19 pandemic, we as health care professionals thrive to continue to help our patients, and as orthopedic surgeons, this goal is ever more challenging. As part of a major academic tertiary medical center in New York City, the orthopedic department at New York University (NYU) Langone Health has evolved and adapted to meet the challenges of the COVID pandemic. In our report, we will detail the different aspects and actions taken by NYU Langone Health as well as NYU Langone Orthopedic\u00a0Hospital and the orthopedic department in particular. Among the steps taken, the department has reconfigured its staff's assignments to help both with the institution's efforts and our patients' needs from reassigning operating room nurses to medical COVID floors to having attending surgeons cover urgent care locations. We have reorganized our residency and fellowship rotations and assignments as well as adapting our educational programs to online learning. While constantly evolving to meet the institution's and our patient demands, our leadership starts planning for the return to a new \"normal\"."}, {"pmid": 32359420, "pmcid": "PMC7252036", "title": "Nicaragua's response to COVID-19 - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Jarquin, Mateo C", "Prado, Andrea M", "Gallo Marin, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359420", "countries": ["Nicaragua"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32006656, "pmcid": "PMC7128735", "title": "The association between domestic train transportation and novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in China from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven correlational report.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Shi", "Zhuang, Zian", "Ran, Jinjun", "Lin, Jiaer", "Yang, Guangpu", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai"], "date": "2020-02-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32006656", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382214, "pmcid": "PMC7203725", "title": "Plastic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic times.", "journal": "Eur J Plast Surg", "authors": ["Mayer, Horacio F", "Persichetti, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382214", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425013, "title": "COVID-19 and coagulative axis: review of emerging aspects in a novel disease.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Boccia, Matilde", "Aronne, Luigi", "Celia, Benito", "Mazzeo, Grazia", "Ceparano, Maria", "D'Agnano, Vito", "Parrella, Roberto", "Valente, Tullio", "Bianco, Andrea", "Perrotta, Fabio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425013", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Latest evidences from literature suggest that SARS-CoV-2 disease 2019 (COVID-19) is commonly complicated with coagulopathy and that disseminated intravascular coagulation is present in the majority of deceased patients. Particularly, conventional coagulation parameters appear to be significantly altered in patients with poor prognosis. A wide-ranging cross- talk between coagulative haemostasis and inflammation, as well as the activation of coagulation cascade during viral infections, are well established. Another important evidence which may explain coagulation disorders in COVID-19 is the increase of thrombus formation under conditions of hypoxia. Despite the exact pathophysiological mechanism of coronavirus-induced thromboembolism needs to be further investigated, this finding suggests that it is good practice to assess the risk of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients to improvethe clinical management in terms of anticoagulation therapy. Anticoagulants, mainly low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), should be tailored in patients meeting sepsis induced coagulopathy (SIC) criteria or with markedly elevated D-dimer. In this context, further studies are needed to optimise the decision making in therapeutic approach."}, {"pmid": 32450943, "title": "Loneliness and Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Hwang, Tzung-Jeng", "Rabheru, Kiran", "Peisah, Carmelle", "Reichman, William", "Ikeda, Manabu"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450943", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Loneliness and social isolation are associated with adverse physical and psychological consequences which are particularly prevalent in older persons. During this unprecedented time of the COVID-19 pandemic, we must follow social distancing guidelines to protect ourselves and to reduce the spread of coronavirus. At the same time, it is crucial to maintain social connections with each other, especially with older persons, to help cope and reduce the negative consequences of loneliness and social isolation. It is important to develop new strategies (e.g. virtual health care and new government policy) to address loneliness and social isolation among older adults for the post-pandemic era."}, {"pmid": 32248575, "title": "Natural products and their derivatives against coronavirus: A review of the non-clinical and pre-clinical data.", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Islam, Muhammad T", "Sarkar, Chandan", "El-Kersh, Dina M", "Jamaddar, Sarmin", "Uddin, Shaikh J", "Shilpi, Jamil A", "Mubarak, Mohammad S"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248575", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several corona viral infections have created serious threats in the last couple of decades claiming the death of thousands of human beings. Recently, corona viral epidemic raised the issue of developing effective antiviral agents at the earliest to prevent further losses. Natural products have always played a crucial role in drug development process against various diseases, which resulted in screening of such agents to combat emergent mutants of corona virus. This review focuses on those natural compounds that showed promising results against corona viruses. Although inhibition of viral replication is often considered as a general mechanism for antiviral activity of most of the natural products, studies have shown that some natural products can interact with key viral proteins that are associated with virulence. In this context, some of the natural products have antiviral activity in the nanomolar concentration (e.g., lycorine, homoharringtonine, silvestrol, ouabain, tylophorine, and 7-methoxycryptopleurine) and could be leads for further drug development on their own or as a template for drug design. In addition, a good number of natural products with anti-corona virus activity are the major constituents of some common dietary supplements, which can be exploited to improve the immunity of the general population in certain epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32409440, "title": "The role of cardiac imaging in hospitalized COVID-19-positive patients.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Wang, Tom Kai Ming", "Tang, W H Wilson", "Flamm, Scott D", "Griffin, Brian", "Dugar, Siddharth", "Grimm, Richard A", "Kwon, Deborah H"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409440", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 infection is associated with several cardiac complications with high rates of adverse outcomes. Cardiac imaging has different utility in different clinical scenarios, and the importance of minimizing healthcare worker exposure should be considered. Cardiac imaging should only be ordered if its benefits outweigh its risks, with anticipated changes in acute treatment and outcomes, and no suitable alternative of sufficient adequacy is available. Indications for advanced cardiac imaging for COVID-19 patients in the acute phase are limited, although follow-up imaging in the convalescent stage may provide prognostic importance in recovered COVID-19 patients with positive troponin or decompensated heart failure."}, {"pmid": 32085850, "pmcid": "PMC7129690", "title": "Initiation of a new infection control system for the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Xuejiao", "Tian, Junzhang", "Li, Guanming", "Li, Guowei"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32085850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179890, "pmcid": "PMC7184482", "title": "Risk Factors of Healthcare Workers with Corona Virus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Designated Hospital of Wuhan in China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ran, Li", "Chen, Xuyu", "Wang, Ying", "Wu, Wenwen", "Zhang, Ling", "Tan, Xiaodong"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179890", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated in Wuhan, China has caused many healthcare workers (HCWs) infected. Seventy-two HCWs manifested with acute respiratory illness were retrospectively enrolled to analyze the risk factors. The high-risk department, longer duty hours, and suboptimal hand hygiene after contacting with patients were linked to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32156330, "pmcid": "PMC7068163", "title": "Rapid establishment of laboratory diagnostics for the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in Bavaria, Germany, February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Konrad, Regina", "Eberle, Ute", "Dangel, Alexandra", "Treis, Bianca", "Berger, Anja", "Bengs, Katja", "Fingerle, Volker", "Liebl, Bernhard", "Ackermann, Nikolaus", "Sing, Andreas"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156330", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The need for timely establishment of diagnostic assays arose when Germany was confronted with the first travel-associated outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Europe. We describe our laboratory experiences during a large contact tracing investigation, comparing previously published real-time RT-PCR assays in different PCR systems and a commercial kit. We found that assay performance using the same primers and probes with different PCR systems varied and the commercial kit performed well."}, {"pmid": 32418848, "pmcid": "PMC7231737", "title": "Early mobilization in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Valenzuela, Pedro L", "Joyner, Michel", "Lucia, Alejandro"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418848", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279418, "pmcid": "PMC7262190", "title": "Threatening drug-drug interaction in a kidney transplant patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bartiromo, Marilu", "Borchi, Beatrice", "Botta, Annarita", "Bagala, Alfredo", "Lugli, Gianmarco", "Tilli, Marta", "Cavallo, Annalisa", "Xhaferi, Brunilda", "Cutruzzula, Roberta", "Vaglio, Augusto", "Bresci, Silvia", "Larti, Aida", "Bartoloni, Alessandro", "Cirami, Calogero"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279418", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the novel coronavirus pandemic, organ transplant recipients represent a frail susceptible category due to long-term immunosuppressive therapy. For this reason, clinical manifestations may differ from general population and different treatment approaches may be needed. We present the case of a 36-year-old kidney transplanted woman affected by Senior-Loken syndrome diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia after a contact with her positive mother. Initial symptoms were fatigue, dry cough and coryza; she never had fever nor oxygen supplementation. Hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir were started, and the antiviral drug was replaced with darunavir/cobicistat after two days for diarrhea. Immunosuppressant levels were closely monitored, and we observed very high tacrolimus trough levels despite initial dose reduction. The patient was left with steroid therapy alone. The peculiarity of clinical presentation and the management difficulties represent the flagship of our case-report. We stress the need for guidelines in transplant recipients with COVID-19 infection with particular regard to the management of therapy."}, {"pmid": 32271372, "pmcid": "PMC7184467", "title": "Asymptomatic and Presymptomatic Infectors: Hidden Sources of COVID-19 Disease.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Guanjian", "Li, Weiran", "He, Xiaojin", "Cao, Yunxia"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271372", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453666, "title": "Mitigating the Psychological Harm of COVID-19 Pandemic for Clinicians.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Kuehn, Bridget M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453666", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374541, "title": "[Diabetes and COVID-19 infection].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Kosinski, Christophe", "Zanchi, Anne", "Wojtusciszyn, Anne"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374541", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on the epidemiological data currently available, diabetes does not seem to be a risk factor for infection with SARS-CoV-2 but may be associated with a more severe course. Diabetes is extremely common in older patients with co-morbidities who are at risk of unfavorable outcomes. As with any other infection, poorly controlled pre-existing diabetes can promote secondary infections and lead to acute complications related to hyperglycemia, worsened itself by the infection. It is important to advise patients to have enough diabetic equipment and supplies at home, to make regular blood glucose self-tests, and to contact a caregiver immediately in case of glycemic imbalance or signs of infection. Antidiabetic therapy may need adjustments following usual sick day rules. Insulin therapy should be considered to treat any persistent hyperglycemia in patients hospitalized for an acute infection."}, {"pmid": 32469683, "title": "Use of personal protective equipment while admixing antineoplastic drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic era: Questionnaire survey in Niigata, Japan.", "journal": "J Oncol Pharm Pract", "authors": ["Mitsuboshi, Satoru", "Yoshino, Masaki", "Hosokawa, Hiroki", "Isobe, Hirokazu", "Kobayashi, Kenichi"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469683", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223552, "pmcid": "PMC7191629", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: an ally or a Trojan horse? Implications to SARS-CoV-2-related cardiovascular complications.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol", "authors": ["Abassi, Zaid", "Assady, Suheir", "Khoury, Emad E", "Heyman, Samuel N"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223552", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360137, "pmcid": "PMC7175843", "title": "Aged Patients With Mental Disorders in the COVID-19 Era: The Experience of Northern Italy.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Serafini, Gianluca", "Bondi, Emi", "Locatelli, Clara", "Amore, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360137", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221725, "pmcid": "PMC7100410", "title": "Brief report of the first cured 2019-nCoV pneumonia patient in West China Hospital.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, En-Qiang", "Wang, Li-Chun", "Tang, Guang-Min", "Yang, Yao", "Wang, Min-Jin", "Deng, Rong", "Chen, Fang", "Wang, Meng-Lan", "Tao, Ya-Chao", "Feng, Ping", "Tang, Hong"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221725", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330343, "pmcid": "PMC7264777", "title": "COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: Initial report from the US epicenter.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Pereira, Marcus R", "Mohan, Sumit", "Cohen, David J", "Husain, Syed A", "Dube, Geoffrey K", "Ratner, Lloyd E", "Arcasoy, Selim", "Aversa, Meghan M", "Benvenuto, Luke J", "Dadhania, Darshana M", "Kapur, Sandip", "Dove, Lorna M", "Brown, Robert S Jr", "Rosenblatt, Russell E", "Samstein, Benjamin", "Uriel, Nir", "Farr, Maryjane A", "Satlin, Michael", "Small, Catherine B", "Walsh, Thomas J", "Kodiyanplakkal, Rosy P", "Miko, Benjamin A", "Aaron, Justin G", "Tsapepas, Demetra S", "Emond, Jean C", "Verna, Elizabeth C"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330343", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Solid organ transplant recipients may be at a high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection and poor associated outcomes. We herein report our initial experience with solid organ transplant recipients with SARS-CoV-2 infection at two centers during the first 3\u00a0weeks of the outbreak in New York City. Baseline characteristics, clinical presentation, antiviral and immunosuppressive management were compared between patients with mild/moderate and severe disease (defined as ICU admission, intubation or death). Ninety patients were analyzed with a median age of 57\u00a0years. Forty-six were kidney recipients, 17 lung, 13 liver, 9 heart, and 5 dual-organ transplants. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (70%), cough (59%), and dyspnea (43%). Twenty-two (24%) had mild, 41 (46%) moderate, and 27 (30%) severe disease. Among the 68 hospitalized patients, 12% required non-rebreather and 35% required intubation. 91% received hydroxychloroquine, 66% azithromycin, 3% remdesivir, 21% tocilizumab, and 24% bolus steroids. Sixteen patients died (18% overall, 24% of hospitalized, 52% of ICU) and 37 (54%) were discharged. In this initial cohort, transplant recipients with COVID-19 appear to have more severe outcomes, although testing limitations likely led to undercounting of mild/asymptomatic cases. As this outbreak unfolds, COVID-19 has the potential to severely impact solid organ transplant recipients."}, {"pmid": 32241308, "pmcid": "PMC7167487", "title": "Lessons learned from Korea: COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Moradi, Hazhir", "Vaezi, Atefeh"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241308", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493791, "title": "COVID-19 diagnostics in context.", "journal": "Sci Transl Med", "authors": ["Weissleder, Ralph", "Lee, Hakho", "Ko, Jina", "Pittet, Mikael J"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493791", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the need for different types of diagnostics, comparative validation of new tests, faster approval by federal agencies, and rapid production of test kits to meet global demands. In this Perspective, we discuss the utility and challenges of current diagnostics for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32460683, "title": "Rapid Conversion of an Outpatient Psychiatric Clinic to a 100% Virtual Telepsychiatry Clinic in Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatr Serv", "authors": ["Yellowlees, Peter", "Nakagawa, Keisuke", "Pakyurek, Murat", "Hanson, Angel", "Elder, Jerry", "Kales, Helen C"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460683", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In anticipation of a surge of COVID-19 cases in Northern California, the outpatient psychiatric clinic at UC Davis Health, in which 98% of visits initially occurred in person, was converted to a telepsychiatry clinic, with all visits changed to virtual appointments within 3 business days. The clinic had 73 virtual appointments on its first day after full conversion. This column describes the process, challenges, and lessons learned from this rapid conversion. Patients were generally grateful, providers learned rapidly how to work from home, and the clinic remained financially viable with no immediate losses."}, {"pmid": 32223689, "title": "Rules for scientific progress while living with the COVID-19 Pandemic: from 'benchside' to 'fireside.'", "journal": "Cancer Biol Ther", "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223689", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490713, "title": "Psychological support and psychotherapy via digital devices in Covid-19 emergency time: Some critical issues.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Tullio, Valeria", "Perrone, Giulio", "Bilotta, Clio", "Lanzarone, Antonietta", "Argo, Antonina"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490713", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic and the resulting fear, quarantine and lockdown measures implemented in Italy and other countries to contain the risk of contagion have seriously impacted the mental health of a large number of people. The need to offer psychological and psychotherapeutic support to these people, while respecting the government's pressing calls to \"stay home\", have led many psychologists and psychotherapists, both in the public and private sectors, to provide their professional services via teleconference, telephone, smartphone, etc. The aim of this work is to highlight some critical issues related to the sudden switch from the traditional method of providing psychological services to the digital one in Italy."}, {"pmid": 32394513, "pmcid": "PMC7272900", "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: A word of caution.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["Annangi, Srinadh"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394513", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489175, "pmcid": "PMC7268274", "title": "Letter to the editor: SARS-CoV-2 detection by real-time RT-PCR.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Pillonel, Trestan", "Scherz, Valentin", "Jaton, Katia", "Greub, Gilbert", "Bertelli, Claire"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489175", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353746, "pmcid": "PMC7177070", "title": "Venous and arterial thromboembolic complications in COVID-19 patients admitted to an academic hospital in Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Lodigiani, Corrado", "Iapichino, Giacomo", "Carenzo, Luca", "Cecconi, Maurizio", "Ferrazzi, Paola", "Sebastian, Tim", "Kucher, Nils", "Studt, Jan-Dirk", "Sacco, Clara", "Alexia, Bertuzzi", "Sandri, Maria Teresa", "Barco, Stefano"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353746", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few data are available on the rate and characteristics of thromboembolic complications in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We studied consecutive symptomatic patients with laboratory-proven COVID-19 admitted to a university hospital in Milan, Italy (13.02.2020-10.04.2020). The primary outcome was any thromboembolic complication, including venous thromboembolism (VTE), ischemic stroke, and acute coronary syndrome (ACS)/myocardial infarction (MI). Secondary outcome was overt disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). We included 388 patients (median age 66\u00a0years, 68% men, 16% requiring intensive care [ICU]). Thromboprophylaxis was used in 100% of ICU patients and 75% of those on the general ward. Thromboembolic events occurred in 28 (7.7% of closed cases; 95%CI 5.4%-11.0%), corresponding to a cumulative rate of 21% (27.6% ICU, 6.6% general ward). Half of the thromboembolic events were diagnosed within 24\u00a0h of hospital admission. Forty-four patients underwent VTE imaging tests and VTE was confirmed in 16 (36%). Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) was performed in 30 patients, corresponding to 7.7% of total, and pulmonary embolism was confirmed in 10 (33% of CTPA). The rate of ischemic stroke and ACS/MI was 2.5% and 1.1%, respectively. Overt DIC was present in 8 (2.2%) patients. The high number of arterial and, in particular, venous thromboembolic events diagnosed within 24\u00a0h of admission and the high rate of positive VTE imaging tests among the few COVID-19 patients tested suggest that there is an urgent need to improve specific VTE diagnostic strategies and investigate the efficacy and safety of thromboprophylaxis in ambulatory COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32496707, "title": "[Rehabilitation is crucial for severe COVID-19 survivors].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Gracio, Simone", "Kocer, Serdar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496707", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 survivors can have serious complications from this viral infection, particularly respiratory and cardiovascular with severe asthenia and fatigue. Several studies have already demonstrated the benefit of early rehabilitation after the acute phase, especially in patients who have been in intensive care. The authors present a rehabilitation program including interdisciplinary care with simple and reproducible clinical criteria."}, {"pmid": 32072300, "pmcid": "PMC7079935", "title": "How to face the novel coronavirus infection during the 2019-2020 epidemic: the experience of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Pan, Lingai", "Wang, Li", "Huang, Xiaobo"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32072300", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32123347, "pmcid": "PMC7095448", "title": "The species Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus: classifying 2019-nCoV and naming it SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Microbiol", "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32123347", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32108460, "title": "[Discussion on diagnosis and treatment of hepatobiliary malignancies during the outbreak of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wu, F", "Song, Y", "Zeng, H Y", "Ye, F", "Chen, B", "Rong, W Q", "Wang, L M", "Niu, L J", "Wu, J X"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108460", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: From December 2019, the new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, Hubei, and spread rapidly to the nationwide. On January 20, 2020, the National Health Committee classified COVID-19 pneumonia as one of B class infectious diseases and treated it as class A infectious disease. During the epidemic period, the routine diagnosis and treatment of tumor patients was affected with varying degrees. In this special period, we performed the superiority of the multi-disciplinary team of diagnosis and treatment, achieved accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients with hepatobiliary malignant tumors, provided support for these patients with limited medical resources, and helped them to survive during the epidemic period.On the basis of fully understanding the new coronavirus pneumonia, the treatment strategy should be changed timely during the epidemic, and more appropriate treatment methods should be adopted to minimize the adverse effect of the epidemic on tumor treatment."}, {"pmid": 32473501, "pmcid": "PMC7242931", "title": "Respirators used by healthcare workers due to the COVID-19 outbreak increase end-tidal carbon dioxide and fractional inspired carbon dioxide pressure.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Ozdemir, Levent", "Azizoglu, Mustafa", "Yapici, Davud"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473501", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304343, "pmcid": "PMC7264680", "title": "Bilirubin levels in patients with mild and severe Covid-19: A pooled analysis.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Paliogiannis, Panagiotis", "Zinellu, Angelo"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304343", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307223, "pmcid": "PMC7152875", "title": "Challenges of methadone maintenance treatment during the COVID-19 epidemic in China: Policy and service recommendations.", "journal": "Eur Neuropsychopharmacol", "authors": ["Jiang, Haifeng", "Su, Hang", "Zhang, Changchun", "Liu, Xuebing", "Li, Ruihua", "Zhong, Na", "Zhao, Min"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307223", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419402, "pmcid": "PMC7234859", "title": "Suggestions to Prepare for the Second Epidemic of COVID-19 in Korea.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Yum, Ho Kee"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419402", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497194, "title": "Perseverance in a pandemic: A unique pharmacy residency learning experience.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Campbell, Peter", "Witenko, Corey", "Dzierba, Amy L"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497194", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32194236, "pmcid": "PMC7270613", "title": "Could enhanced influenza and pneumococcal vaccination programs help limit the potential damage from SARS-CoV-2 to fragile health systems of southern hemisphere countries this winter?", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mendelson, Marc"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32194236", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241756, "title": "Fighting covid-19 outbreaks in prisons.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Yang, Hong", "Thompson, Julian R"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241756", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243672, "title": "SARS Cov-2 infection in a renal-transplanted patient: A case report.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Seminari, Elena", "Colaneri, Marta", "Sambo, Margherita", "Gallazzi, Ilaria", "Di Matteo, Angela", "Roda, Silvia", "Bruno, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243672", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical manifestation of COVID-19 can vary from an asymptomatic course to ARDS requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. A kidney transplanted patient infected with SARS CoV-2 infection showed a mild disease despite immune suppression. It is possible that Immunosuppression can \"be protective\" as the cytokine storm is an important factor in the disease story. Despite the good outcome reported in the present case report, is remains of vital importance the solid organ transplant patients use precautions in order to avoid the infection."}, {"pmid": 32518443, "pmcid": "PMC7270555", "title": "There are two types of the new coronavirus What does that mean? Jessica Hamzelou explains.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Hamzelou, Jessica"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518443", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366282, "pmcid": "PMC7198236", "title": "Liver injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a case series.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Cardoso, Filipe S", "Pereira, Rui", "Germano, Nuno"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366282", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293518, "pmcid": "PMC7156900", "title": "Prognosis when using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for critically ill COVID-19 patients in China: a retrospective case series.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Zeng, Yingchun", "Cai, Zhongxiang", "Xianyu, Yunyan", "Yang, Bing Xiang", "Song, Ting", "Yan, Qiaoyuan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293518", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405140, "pmcid": "PMC7218371", "title": "On the Question of Resource Constraints During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Thinking Globally.", "journal": "Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys", "authors": ["Thomson, David J", "Yom, Sue S"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401670, "title": "Treatment of COVID-19-exacerbated asthma: should systemic corticosteroids be used?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Kumar, Kartik", "Hinks, Timothy S C", "Singanayagam, Aran"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401670", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a new rapidly spreading infectious disease. Current guidance from the World Health Organization (WHO) highlights asthmatics as a high-risk group for severe illness from COVID-19. Viruses are common triggers of asthma exacerbations and the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic raises several questions regarding the optimum management strategies. Here, we discuss the contentious issue of whether the mainstay therapy systemic corticosteroids should be used in the routine management of COVID-19-associated asthma exacerbations. Recent guidance from the WHO has advised against the use of corticosteroids if COVID-19 is suspected due to concerns that these agents may impair protective innate antiviral immune responses. This may not be appropriate in the unique case of asthma exacerbation, a syndrome associated with augmented type 2 inflammation, a disease feature that is known to directly inhibit antiviral immunity. Corticosteroids, through their suppressive effects on type 2 inflammation, are thus likely to restore impaired antiviral immunity in asthma and, in contrast to non-asthmatic subjects, have beneficial clinical effects in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32306440, "pmcid": "PMC7264528", "title": "Pediatric anesthetic implications of COVID-19-A review of current literature.", "journal": "Paediatr Anaesth", "authors": ["Lee-Archer, Paul", "von Ungern-Sternberg, Britta S"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306440", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pediatric anesthetists have an important role to play in the management of patients suspected or confirmed to have COVID-19. In many institutions, the COVID-19 intubation teams are staffed with anesthetists as the proceduralists working throughout the hospitals also in the ICU and Emergency Departments. As practitioners who perform aerosol generating procedures involving the airway, we are at high risk of exposure to the virus SARS-CoV-2 and need to ensure we are well prepared and trained to manage such cases. This article reviews the relevant pediatric literature surrounding COVID-19 and summarizes the key recommendations for anesthetists involved in the care of children during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32369240, "title": "Cutaneous manifestations of a 21st century worldwide fungal epidemic possibly complicating the COVID-19 pandemic to jointly menace mankind.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Schwartz, Robert A", "Kapila, Rajendra"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369240", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In view of the new viral COVID-19 pandemic, the fungal Candida auris epidemic still in progress worldwide highlights non-Candida albicans candidal infections. We describe an immunocompetent woman with a cutaneous manifestation of Candida parasilopsis fungemia, a prominent eschar, which proved to be the nidus for the candidemia. We stress the value of selectively removing eschars. C. parasilopsis and C. auris are increasingly important causes of sepsis and wound infections. We emphasize that commercially available biochemical-based tests may misidentify C. auris as C. parapsilosis, and stress the added danger of C. auris to critically ill-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Any health care facility with evidence of infection or colonization with C. auris requires very close monitoring, since this fungus is a nosocomial threat comparable to SARS-CoV-2 in its mortality and fomite adhesiveness! Both organisms have the potential to be transmitted as nosocomial pathogens; health care workers need to follow strict CDC guidelines. During this COVID-19 pandemic, every health care facility should closely monitor for the possible deadly combination of the SARS-CoV-2 and C. auris. The identification of C. auris necessitates use of sophisticated technology not readily available to make this essential diagnosis since C. auris is multi-drug resistant and isolation precautions would become paramount."}, {"pmid": 32338793, "pmcid": "PMC7267442", "title": "Thyroid surgery during COVID-19 pandemic: Principles and philosophies.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Shaha, Ashok R"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338793", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425281, "pmcid": "PMC7227502", "title": "12 Lessons Learned from the Management of the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Health Policy", "authors": ["Forman, Rebecca", "Atun, Rifat", "McKee, Martin", "Mossialos, Elias"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425281", "countries": ["Singapore", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Japan", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly since the first cases hit Wuhan, China at the end of 2019, and has now landed in almost every part of the world. By mid-February 2020, China, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and - to some extent - Japan began to contain and control the spread of the virus, while conversely, cases increased rapidly in Europe and the United States. In response to the pandemic, many countries have had to introduce drastic legally mandated lockdowns to enforce physical separation, which are ravaging economies worldwide. Although it will be many months or even years before the final verdict can be reached, we believe that it is already possible to identify 12 key lessons that we can learn from to reduce the tremendous economic and social costs of this pandemic and which can inform responses to future crises. These include lessons around the importance of transparency, solidarity, coordination, decisiveness, clarity, accountability and more."}, {"pmid": 32409878, "pmcid": "PMC7221232", "title": "[COVID-19 guidelines for the prioritization of operations for malignant thoracic diseases].", "journal": "Chirurg", "authors": ["Hekmat, Khosro", "Bruns, Christiane J"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409878", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379194, "title": "Demand for BCG Vaccine Due to Unproven Claims of its Role in Preventing COVID-19 Is Causing Shortages of Vaccines for Infants in Japan.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Kuroda, Naoto"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379194", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369736, "pmcid": "PMC7252168", "title": "Association of Blood Glucose Control and Outcomes in Patients with COVID-19 and Pre-existing Type 2 Diabetes.", "journal": "Cell Metab", "authors": ["Zhu, Lihua", "She, Zhi-Gang", "Cheng, Xu", "Qin, Juan-Juan", "Zhang, Xiao-Jing", "Cai, Jingjing", "Lei, Fang", "Wang, Haitao", "Xie, Jing", "Wang, Wenxin", "Li, Haomiao", "Zhang, Peng", "Song, Xiaohui", "Chen, Xi", "Xiang, Mei", "Zhang, Chaozheng", "Bai, Liangjie", "Xiang, Da", "Chen, Ming-Ming", "Liu, Yanqiong", "Yan, Youqin", "Liu, Mingyu", "Mao, Weiming", "Zou, Jinjing", "Liu, Liming", "Chen, Guohua", "Luo, Pengcheng", "Xiao, Bing", "Zhang, Changjiang", "Zhang, Zixiong", "Lu, Zhigang", "Wang, Junhai", "Lu, Haofeng", "Xia, Xigang", "Wang, Daihong", "Liao, Xiaofeng", "Peng, Gang", "Ye, Ping", "Yang, Jun", "Yuan, Yufeng", "Huang, Xiaodong", "Guo, Jiao", "Zhang, Bing-Hong", "Li, Hongliang"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369736", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major comorbidity of COVID-19. However, the impact of blood glucose (BG) control on the degree of required medical interventions and on mortality in patients with COVID-19 and T2D remains uncertain. Thus, we performed a retrospective, multi-centered study of 7,337 cases of COVID-19 in Hubei Province, China, among which 952 had pre-existing T2D. We found that subjects with T2D required more medical interventions and had a significantly higher mortality (7.8% versus 2.7%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.49) and multiple organ injury than the non-diabetic individuals. Further, we found that well-controlled BG (glycemic variability within 3.9 to 10.0\u00a0mmol/L) was associated with markedly lower mortality compared to individuals with poorly controlled BG (upper limit of glycemic variability exceeding 10.0\u00a0mmol/L) (adjusted HR, 0.14) during hospitalization. These findings provide clinical evidence correlating improved glycemic control with better outcomes in patients with COVID-19 and pre-existing T2D."}, {"pmid": 32392566, "title": "The Hidden Face of Fear in the COVID-19 Era: The Amygdala Hijack.", "journal": "Eur Neurol", "authors": ["Morelli, Nicola", "Rota, Eugenia", "Immovilli, Paolo", "Spallazzi, Marco", "Colombi, Davide", "Guidetti, Donata", "Michieletti, Emanuele"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392566", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308988, "pmcid": "PMC7160610", "title": "The use of simulation to prepare and improve responses to infectious disease outbreaks like COVID-19: practical tips and resources from Norway, Denmark, and the UK.", "journal": "Adv Simul (Lond)", "authors": ["Dieckmann, Peter", "Torgeirsen, Kjetil", "Qvindesland, Sigrun Anna", "Thomas, Libby", "Bushell, Verity", "Langli Ersdal, Hege"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308988", "countries": ["Norway", "United Kingdom", "Denmark"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we describe the potential of simulation to improve hospital responses to the COVID-19 crisis. We provide tools which can be used to analyse the current needs of the situation, explain how simulation can help to improve responses to the crisis, what the key issues are with integrating simulation into organisations, and what to focus on when conducting simulations. We provide an overview of helpful resources and a collection of scenarios and support for centre-based and in situ simulations."}, {"pmid": 32334409, "pmcid": "PMC7165107", "title": "Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, Amir"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334409", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study is aimed to assess the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak. The online questionnaire surveyed 10,754 individuals from the general population of 31 provinces of Iran who completed the questionnaire on social networks from March 1 to March 9, 2020. The inferential statistics suggests that the level of anxiety was higher among women (95 % CI [0.1, 81.36], p\u202f<\u202f0.001), people who more followed corona-related news (p\u202f<\u202f0.001) and the age group of 21-40 years (p\u202f<\u202f0.001). Ultimately, the level of anxiety was significantly higher among people who had at least one family member, relative, or friend who contracted COVID-19 disease (95 % CI [1.2, 35.03], p\u202f<\u202f0.001). The health care system should adopt a package of psychosocial interventions to reduce the anxiety of high risk groups."}, {"pmid": 32443899, "title": "Early Predictors of Clinical Deterioration in a Cohort of 239 Patients Hospitalized for Covid-19 Infection in Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Cecconi, Maurizio", "Piovani, Daniele", "Brunetta, Enrico", "Aghemo, Alessio", "Greco, Massimiliano", "Ciccarelli, Michele", "Angelini, Claudio", "Voza, Antonio", "Omodei, Paolo", "Vespa, Edoardo", "Pugliese, Nicola", "Parigi, Tommaso Lorenzo", "Folci, Marco", "Danese, Silvio", "Bonovas, Stefanos"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443899", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We described features of hospitalized Covid-19 patients and identified predictors of clinical deterioration. We included patients consecutively admitted at Humanitas Research Hospital (Rozzano, Milan, Italy); retrospectively extracted demographic; clinical; laboratory and imaging findings at admission; used survival methods to identify factors associated with clinical deterioration (defined as intensive care unit (ICU) transfer or death), and developed a prognostic index. Overall; we analyzed 239 patients (29.3% females) with a mean age of 63.9 (standard deviation [SD]; 14.0) years. Clinical deterioration occurred in 70 patients (29.3%), including 41 (17.2%) ICU transfers and 36 (15.1%) deaths. The most common symptoms and signs at admission were cough (77.8%) and elevated respiratory rate (34.1%), while 66.5% of patients had at least one coexisting medical condition. Imaging frequently revealed ground-glass opacity (68.9%) and consolidation (23.8%). Age; increased respiratory rate; abnormal blood gas parameters and imaging findings; coexisting coronary heart disease; leukocytosis; lymphocytopenia; and several laboratory parameters (elevated procalcitonin; interleukin-6; serum ferritin; C-reactive protein; aspartate aminotransferase; lactate dehydrogenase; creatinine; fibrinogen; troponin-I; and D-dimer) were significant predictors of clinical deterioration. We suggested a prognostic index to assist risk-stratification (C-statistic; 0.845; 95% CI; 0.802\u20120.887). These results could aid early identification and management of patients at risk, who should therefore receive additional monitoring and aggressive supportive care."}, {"pmid": 32291082, "pmcid": "PMC7151300", "title": "Reflections on the quality of health care after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "J Healthc Qual Res", "authors": ["Carrasco, Genis"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291082", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275257, "title": "Clinical manifestation, diagnosis, prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) during the outbreak period.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Ozma, Mahdi Asghari", "Maroufi, Parham", "Khodadadi, Ehsaneh", "Kose, Sukran", "Esposito, Isabella", "Ganbarov, Khudaverdi", "Dao, Sounkalo", "Esposito, Silvano", "Dal, Tuba", "Zeinalzadeh, Elham", "Kafil, Hossein Samadi"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275257", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19), spreading from Wuhan, China, is one of the causes of respiratory infections that can spread to other people through respiratory particles, and can cause symptoms such as fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, anorexia, fatigue and sore throat in infected patients. This review summarizes current strategies on the diagnosis. Additionally, treatments, infection prevention and control of the SARS-CoV-2 are addressed. In addition to the respiratory system, this virus can infect the digestive system, the urinary system and the haematological system, which causes to observe the virus in the stool, urine and blood samples in addition to throat sample. The SARS-CoV-2 causes changes in blood cells and factors and makes lung abnormalities in patients, which can be detected by serological, molecular, and radiological techniques by detecting these changes and injuries. Radiological and serological methods are the most preferred among the other methods and the radiological method is the most preferred one which can diagnose the infection quickly and accurately with fewer false-negatives, that can be effective in protecting the patient's life by initiating treatment and preventing the transmission of infection to other people."}, {"pmid": 32404780, "title": "FIRST CASE OF CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 IN CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA IN CHINA.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Zhao, Yang", "Zhao, Weihong", "Wang, Aibin", "Qian, Fang", "Wang, Sa", "Zhuang, Liwei", "Zhang, Fujie", "Sun, Delin", "Gao, Guiju"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404780", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) comorbid with leukemia in a patient hospitalized in Beijing, China. The patient showed a prolonged manifestation of symptoms and a protracted diagnosis period of COVID-19. It is necessary to extend isolation time, increase the number of nucleic acid detections and conduct early symptomatic treatment for children with both COVID-19 and additional health problems."}, {"pmid": 32271607, "title": "Role of Social Media and Telemedicine in Diagnosis & Management of COVID-19; An Experience of the Iranian Society of Radiology.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Sanei Taheri, Morteza", "Falahati, Farahnaz", "Radpour, Alireza", "Karimi, Vahid", "Sedaghat, Abdolrasoul", "Karimi, Mohammad Ali"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271607", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520158, "title": "Recommendations for radiotherapy during the novel coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)", "authors": ["Starling, Maria Thereza Mansur", "Silva, Alice Roxo Nobre de Souza E", "Pereira, Ana Paula Alves", "Ferreira Neto, David Rodrigues", "Restini, Felipe Cicci Farinha", "Brito, Leticia Hernandes de", "Souza, Tomas Yokoo Teodoro de", "Hanna, Samir Abdallah"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520158", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32004066, "title": "Novel Wuhan (2019-nCoV) Coronavirus.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Carlos, W Graham", "Dela Cruz, Charles S", "Cao, Bin", "Pasnick, Susan", "Jamil, Shazia"], "date": "2020-02-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32004066", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385050, "title": "COVID-19 and the Duty to Protect from Communicable Diseases.", "journal": "J Am Acad Psychiatry Law", "authors": ["Ghossoub, Elias", "Newman, William J"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385050", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222433, "pmcid": "PMC7103920", "title": "[Guidelines for surgical management of gynaecological cancer during pandemic COVID-19 period - FRANCOGYN group for the CNGOF].", "journal": "Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol", "authors": ["Akladios, C", "Azais, H", "Ballester, M", "Bendifallah, S", "Bolze, P-A", "Bourdel, N", "Bricou, A", "Canlorbe, G", "Carcopino, X", "Chauvet, P", "Collinet, P", "Coutant, C", "Dabi, Y", "Dion, L", "Gauthier, T", "Graesslin, O", "Huchon, C", "Koskas, M", "Kridelka, F", "Lavoue, V", "Lecointre, L", "Mezzadri, M", "Mimoun, C", "Ouldamer, L", "Raimond, E", "Touboul, C"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222433", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recommendations for the management of patients with gynecological cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Recommendations based on the consensus conference model. In the case of a COVID-19 positive patient, surgical management should be postponed for at least 15 days. For cervical cancer, the place of surgery must be re-evaluated in relation to radiotherapy and Radio-Chemotherapy-Concomitant and the value of lymph node staging surgeries must be reviewed on a case-by-case basis. For advanced ovarian cancers, neo-adjuvant chemotherapy should be favored even if primary cytoreduction surgery could be envisaged. It is lawful not to offer hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy during a COVID-19 pandemic. In the case of patients who must undergo interval surgery, it is possible to continue the chemotherapy and to offer surgery after 6 cycles of chemotherapy. For early stage endometrial cancer, in case of low and intermediate preoperative ESMO risk, hysterectomy with bilateral annexectomy associated with a sentinel lymph node procedure should be favored. It is possible to consider postponing surgery for 1 to 2 months in low-risk endometrial cancers (FIGO Ia stage on MRI and grade 1-2 endometrioid cancer on endometrial biopsy). For high ESMO risk, it ispossible to favor the MSKCC algorithm (combining PET-CT and sentinel lymph node biopsy) in order to omit pelvic and lumbar-aortic lymphadenectomies. During COVID-19 pandemic, patients suffering from cancer should not lose life chance, while limiting the risks associated with the virus."}, {"pmid": 32479412, "title": "Suitability and Sufficiency of telehealth clinician-observed participant-collected samples for SARS-CoV2 testing: the iCollect Cohort Pilot Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Guest, Jodie L", "Sullivan, Patrick S", "Valentine-Graves, Mariah", "Valencia, Rachel", "Adam, Elizabeth", "Luisi, Nicole", "Nakano, Mariko", "Guarner, Jeannette", "Del Rio, Carlos", "Sailey, Charles", "Goedecke, Zoe", "Siegler, Aaron J", "Sanchez, Travis H"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479412", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic calls for expanded opportunities for testing, including novel testing strategies like participant-collected specimens. We aimed to understand whether oropharyngeal swab (OPS), saliva and dried blood spot (DBS) specimens participant-collected at home and mailed to a laboratory were sufficient for use in diagnostic and serology tests. Eligible participants were consented online and mailed a participant-collection kit to support collection of three specimens for SARS-CoV-2 testing; saliva, OPS, and DBS. Participants performed specimen collection while clinical observers watched through a telehealth video appointment and documented the suitability of the collection. The biological sufficiency of specimens for detection of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR and serology testing was assessed by laboratorians using visual inspection and quantification of nucleic acid content of samples by RNase P measurements. One hundred and fifty-three participants returned their kits and are included in this analysis (out of 159 enrolled (96%). All attended their video appointments. Clinical observers assessed that, of the samples collected, 96% of saliva, 97% of OPS and 93% of the DBS samples were of sufficient quality for submission for laboratory testing; 100% OPS and 99% of saliva had Ct values RNase P <30, indicating sufficient nucleic acid for RNA-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2. These pilot data indicate that most participant-collected OPS, saliva and DBS specimens are suitable and sufficient for testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and serology. Clinical observers rated the collection of specimens as suitable for testing and visual and quantitative laboratory assessment indicated that specimens were biologically sufficient. These data support the utility of participant-collected and mailed-in specimens for SARS-CoV-2.  RR2-10.2196/19054."}, {"pmid": 32504021, "title": "The pandemic mixed up what scientists study - and some won't go back.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Gibney, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504021", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468202, "pmcid": "PMC7254976", "title": "A clinical pathway for pre-operative screening of COVID-19 and its influence on clinical outcome in patients with traumatic fractures.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Meng, Yutong", "Leng, Kunpeng", "Shan, Lei", "Guo, Meng", "Zhou, Junlin", "Tian, Qingxian", "Hai, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468202", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic. The toughest issue traumatic orthopaedic surgeons are faced with is how to maintain a balance between adequate COVID-19 screening and timely surgery. In this study, we described our experience with pre-operative COVID-19 screening in patients with traumatic fractures. Furthermore, we analysed the clinical results of fracture patients undergoing confined or emergency surgery during the COVID-19 outbreak. This was a case series study. Patients with traumatic fractures who were admitted to our hospital for surgery were enrolled in this study during the COVID-19 outbreak from March to April 2020. All patients were enrolled and managed using the standardized clinical pathway we designed for preoperative COVID-19 screening. Clinical, laboratory and outcome data were analysed. The average surgery waiting time from injury to surgery was 8.7\u2009\u00b1\u20093.4\u00a0days. The average waiting time from admission to surgery was 5.3\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8\u00a0days. These average waiting times were increased by 4.1\u00a0days and 2.0\u00a0days, respectively, compared with 2019 data. Cardiovascular complications, venous thromboembolism and pneumonia occurred in one, two and one patient, respectively. Three and two patients developed pre-operative and postoperative fevers, respectively. We introduced a novel clinical pathway for pre-operatively screening of COVID-19 in traumatic orthopaedic patients. The delay in surgery caused by COVID-19 screening was minimized to a point at which reasonable and acceptable clinical outcomes were achieved. Doctors should pay more attention to perioperative complications, such as cardiovascular complications, venous thromboembolism, pneumonia and fever."}, {"pmid": 32035537, "pmcid": "PMC7138046", "title": "Offline: 2019-nCoV-\"A desperate plea\".", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035537", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317164, "pmcid": "PMC7166252", "title": "[Clozapine prescription in the wake of the coronavirus (SARS CoV-2) outbreak: What measures? Why?]", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Ben Dhia, A", "Hamzaoui, S", "Mouaffak, F"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317164", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493712, "title": "The right to know: ethical implications of antibody testing for healthcare workers and overlooked societal implications.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Vakharia, Kunal"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493712", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the initial surge in cases of coronavirus (COVID-19), the outbreak has been managed differently in different countries. In the USA, it has been managed in many different ways between states, cities and even counties. This disparity is slowly becoming more and more pronounced with the advent of antibody testing. Although many argue over the potential merits of antibody testing as an immunity passport to allow the economy to restart, there are other implications that stand at the heart of the bioethical debate that are often overlooked. Particularly with COVID-19, there are many uncertainties and the discourse alone of antibodies presumes misinformation that may outweigh the epidemiological benefits of antibody testing. Although this paper does not seek to eliminate antibody testing, it does highlight the need for appropriate counselling both on a personal level with each patient but on a more global level. This moral standard of appropriate education is key to allowing the continued autonomy needed during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32397286, "title": "Using Early Data to Estimate the Actual Infection Fatality Ratio from COVID-19 in France.", "journal": "Biology (Basel)", "authors": ["Roques, Lionel", "Klein, Etienne K", "Papaix, Julien", "Sar, Antoine", "Soubeyrand, Samuel"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397286", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom", "France"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of screening tests carried out in France and the methodology used to target the patients tested do not allow for a direct computation of the actual number of cases and the infection fatality ratio (IFR). The main objective of this work is to estimate the actual number of people infected with COVID-19 and to deduce the IFR during the observation window in France. We develop a `mechanistic-statistical' approach coupling a SIR epidemiological model describing the unobserved epidemiological dynamics, a probabilistic model describing the data acquisition process and a statistical inference method. The actual number of infected cases in France is probably higher than the observations: we find here a factor \u00d78 (95%-CI: 5-12) which leads to an IFR in France of 0.5% (95%-CI: 0.3-0.8) based on hospital death counting data. Adjusting for the number of deaths in nursing homes, we obtain an IFR of 0.8% (95%-CI: 0.45-1.25). This IFR is consistent with previous findings in China (0.66%) and in the UK (0.9%) and lower than the value previously computed on the Diamond Princess cruse ship data (1.3%)."}, {"pmid": 32267833, "pmcid": "PMC7185114", "title": "Does comorbidity increase the risk of patients with COVID-19: evidence from meta-analysis.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Wang, Bolin", "Li, Ruobao", "Lu, Zhong", "Huang, Yan"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267833", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the number of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has increased rapidly, but relationship between comorbidity and patients with COVID-19 still not clear. The aim was to explore whether the presence of common comorbidities increases COVID-19 patients' risk. A literature search was performed using the electronic platforms (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and other databases) to obtain relevant research studies published up to March 1, 2020. Relevant data of research endpoints in each study were extracted and merged. All data analysis was performed using Stata12.0 software. A total of 1558 patients with COVID-19 in 6 studies were enrolled in our meta-analysis eventually. Hypertension (OR: 2.29, P<0.001), diabetes (OR: 2.47, P<0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR: 5.97, P<0.001), cardiovascular disease (OR: 2.93, P<0.001), and cerebrovascular disease (OR:3.89, P=0.002)were independent risk factors associated with COVID-19 patients. The meta-analysis revealed no correlation between increased risk of COVID-19 and liver disease, malignancy, or renal disease. Hypertension, diabetes, COPD, cardiovascular disease, and cerebrovascular disease are major risk factors for patients with COVID-19. Knowledge of these risk factors can be a resource for clinicians in the early appropriate medical management of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32273336, "title": "Case for continuing community NIV and CPAP during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Thorax", "authors": ["Baker, Jillian G", "Sovani, Milind"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335579, "pmcid": "PMC7199435", "title": "Comparison of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression Among People Affected by versus People Unaffected by Quarantine During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Southwestern China.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Lei, Lei", "Huang, Xiaoming", "Zhang, Shuai", "Yang, Jinrong", "Yang, Lin", "Xu, Min"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335579", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUND At the end of 2019, the COVID-19 outbreak began in Wuhan, Hubei, China, and spread rapidly to the whole country within 1 month. This new epidemic caused a great mental reaction among the public. This study aimed to assess and compare the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety and depression among the public affected by quarantine and those unaffected during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwestern China in early Feb. 2020. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data were collected using the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and the self-rating depression scale (SDS) administered to 1593 respondents aged 18 years and above. The respondents were grouped as 'affected group' and 'unaffected group' on the basis of whether they or their families/colleagues/classmates/neighbors had been quarantined. RESULTS Among 1593 participants, the prevalence of anxiety and depression was approximately 8.3% and 14.6%, respectively, and the prevalence in the affected group (12.9%, 22.4%) was significantly higher than that in the unaffected group (6.7%, 11.9%). Lower average household income, lower education level, having a higher self-evaluated level of knowledge, being more worried about being infected, having no psychological support, greater property damage, and lower self-perceived health condition were significant associated with higher scores on the SAS and SDS. People living in Chongqing had higher SAS and SDS scores than those living in Yunnan Province. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of anxiety and depression of the affected group are higher than in the unaffected group during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwestern China in early Feb. 2020. The government should focus more on providing economic and medical support to improve the general population's mental state."}, {"pmid": 32476032, "title": "A Tribute to Frontline Health Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Crit Care Nurse", "authors": ["Bourgault, Annette M"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476032", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32351864, "pmcid": "PMC7186100", "title": "Protected Stroke Mechanical Thrombectomy Code During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Southwestern Part of Saudi Arabia Stroke Unit Local Protocol.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Alqahtani, Saeed A", "Alnaami, Ibrahim", "Alhazzani, Adel"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351864", "countries": ["China", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cerebrovascular diseases are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, in particular those with large vessels occlusion (LVO). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global crisis rapidly since its initial outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December, 2019. Stroke due to LVO needs rapid assessment and timely endovascular intervention which can be very challenging during the time of pandemic where you need to deliver proper, safe, and timely care to acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with LVO, yet, protecting healthcare workers and existing patients at the medical facility. In this article, we share our local experience in the stroke unit at Aseer Central Hospital which is the main hub of stroke patients in the southwestern part of Saudi Arabia and the primary regional COVID center to provide guidance to perform smooth, safe, and swift mechanical thrombectomy during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic as well as possible similar future situations."}, {"pmid": 32366160, "title": "Olfactory Dysfunction: A Highly Prevalent Symptom of COVID-19 With Public Health Significance.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Sedaghat, Ahmad R", "Gengler, Isabelle", "Speth, Marlene M"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366160", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting millions of individuals, killing hundreds of thousands. Although typically described with characteristic symptoms of fever, cough, and shortness of breath, greater understanding of COVID-19 has revealed myriad clinical manifestations. Olfactory dysfunction (OD)-hyposmia and anosmia-has recently been recognized as an important symptom of COVID-19 and increasingly gained traction as a public health tool for identifying COVID-19 patients, in particular otherwise asymptomatic carriers who, unawares, may be major drivers of disease spread. The objective of this study is to review the scientific evidence about anosmia in COVID-19. PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Comprehensive literature search of primary studies pertinent to the objectives of this review using the chosen data sources. Current evidence shows that OD is highly prevalent in COVID-19, with up to 80% of patients reporting subjective OD and objective olfactory testing potentially showing even higher prevalence. OD is frequently accompanied by taste dysfunction. Up to 25% of COVID-19 patients may experience sudden-onset OD as the first symptom. A large proportion of COVID-19 OD cases may resolve over the period of a few weeks. Sudden anosmia should be considered a symptom of COVID-19. Assessing for sudden-onset anosmia may increase sensitivity of COVID-19 screening strategies, in particular for identifying patients at the earliest stages of disease. Since many cases of OD due to COVID-19 may resolve in the short term, conservative management, including observation, is reasonable, while advanced imaging is unnecessary."}, {"pmid": 32525715, "title": "Multigroup, Adaptively Randomized Trials Are Advantageous for Comparing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Interventions.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Magaret, Amalia S", "Jacob, Shevin T", "Halloran, M Elizabeth", "Guthrie, Katherine A", "Magaret, Craig A", "Johnston, Christine", "Simon, Noah R", "Wald, Anna"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525715", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32189136, "pmcid": "PMC7080931", "title": "Lower mortality of COVID-19 by early recognition and intervention: experience from Jiangsu Province.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Sun, Qin", "Qiu, Haibo", "Huang, Mao", "Yang, Yi"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32189136", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353898, "pmcid": "PMC7267318", "title": "Histopathology and genetic susceptibility in COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["von der Thusen, Jan", "van der Eerden, Menno"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353898", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical features of COVID-19 range from a mild illness to patients with a very severe illness with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring ventilation and Intensive Care Unit admission. Risk factors for a fatal disease include older age, respiratory disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity and hypertension. Little is known about the mechanisms behind observed episodes of sudden deterioration or the infrequent idiosyncratic clinical demise in otherwise healthy and young subjects. As in other diseases, the answer to some of these questions may in time be provided by genotyping as well careful clinical, serological, radiological and histopathological phenotyping, which enable mechanistic insights into the differences in pathogenesis and underlying immunological and tissue regenerative response patterns. We will aim to provide a brief overview of the existing evidence for such differences in host response and outcome, and generate hypotheses for divergent patterns and avenues for future research, by highlighting similarities and differences in histopathological appearance between COVID19 and influenza as well as previous coronavirus outbreaks, and by discussing predisposition through genetics and underlying disease."}, {"pmid": 32108458, "title": "[Consideration and suggestions on development of blood transfusion department under the epidemic situation of novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, X M", "Wang, D Q"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108458", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363136, "pmcid": "PMC7194921", "title": "Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein RNA binding domain reveals potential unique drug targeting sites.", "journal": "Acta Pharm Sin B", "authors": ["Kang, Sisi", "Yang, Mei", "Hong, Zhongsi", "Zhang, Liping", "Huang, Zhaoxia", "Chen, Xiaoxue", "He, Suhua", "Zhou, Ziliang", "Zhou, Zhechong", "Chen, Qiuyue", "Yan, Yan", "Zhang, Changsheng", "Shan, Hong", "Chen, Shoudeng"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363136", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus continually led to worldwide human infections and deaths. Currently, there is no specific viral protein-targeted therapeutics. Viral nucleocapsid protein is a potential antiviral drug target, serving multiple critical functions during the viral life cycle. However, the structural information of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein remains unclear. Herein, we have determined the 2.7 \u00c5 crystal structure of the N-terminal RNA binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Although the overall structure is similar as other reported coronavirus nucleocapsid protein N-terminal domain, the surface electrostatic potential characteristics between them are distinct. Further comparison with mild virus type HCoV-OC43 equivalent domain demonstrates a unique potential RNA binding pocket alongside the \u03b2-sheet core. Complemented by in vitro binding studies, our data provide several atomic resolution features of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein N-terminal domain, guiding the design of novel antiviral agents specific targeting to SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32336225, "title": "Recovering from the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Focus on Older Adults.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Morrow-Howell, Nancy", "Galucia, Natalie", "Swinford, Emma"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336225", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As we look toward recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic, we overview challenges to be minimized, including economic setbacks, health and well-being effects, and highlighted ageism, racism, and classism. We articulate opportunities to be seized, including increased comfort with technology and online platforms; stronger family and intergenerational connections, renewed energy to combat social isolation; more respect for self-care and time management; increased awareness about the importance of advance directives; and, potentially, increased interest across disciplines to work on issues of aging society. Ongoing efforts to improve policies and programs for longer, healthier lives might now be more productive, as we communicate to consumers, public officials, and everyday citizens who may be more aware of what isn't working, what is at stake, and what might be improved."}, {"pmid": 32504251, "pmcid": "PMC7274516", "title": "COVID-19 and Food Insecurity: an Uneven Patchwork of Responses.", "journal": "J Urban Health", "authors": ["Kinsey, Eliza W", "Kinsey, Dirk", "Rundle, Andrew G"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213336, "pmcid": "PMC7156233", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: virus dynamics and host response.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Yu", "Li, Lanjuan"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213336", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368570, "pmcid": "PMC7197250", "title": "The Indian perspective of COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Virusdisease", "authors": ["Kaushik, Samander", "Kaushik, Sulochana", "Sharma, Yashika", "Kumar, Ramesh", "Yadav, Jaya Parkash"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368570", "countries": ["China", "India", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging infection of COVID-19 was initiated from Wuhan, China, have been spread to more than 210 countries around the globe including India. The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 are very similar to other respiratory viruses. The number of laboratory-confirmed cases and associated deaths are increasing regularly in various parts of the World. Seven coronaviruses (229E, NL63, OC43, HKU1, SARS, MERS and, COVID-19) can naturally infect human beings. Out of these four (229E-CoV, NL63-CoV, OC43-CoV, HKU1-CoV) are responsible for mild upper respiratory infections, while SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19 are well known for their high mortality. Few mild strains of coronaviruses are circulating in India but there is no evidence of SARS and MERS outbreaks. The COVID-19 is an emerging viral infection responsible for pandemics. Fortunately, the mortality of COVID-19 is low as compared with SARS and MERS, the majority of its cases are recovered. The death toll of COVID-19 is high even after its low mortality because COVID-19 causes a pandemic while SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV cause epidemics only. COVID-19 influenced the large segments of the world population, which led to a public health emergency of international concern, putting all health organizations on high alert. COVID-19 is the first coronavirus after Spanish Flu 1918-1919, who has extremely influenced the health system, economy, and psychology of India. The present study review is on the general continent, virology, pathogenesis, global epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and control of COVID-19 with the reference to India."}, {"pmid": 32451846, "pmcid": "PMC7247778", "title": "Does SARS-CoV-2 infection cause chronic neurological complications?", "journal": "Geroscience", "authors": ["Hascup, Erin R", "Hascup, Kevin N"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451846", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 has created an unparalleled health crisis. Besides the acute respiratory infection, CoVs are neuroinvasive causing additional inflammation and neurodegeneration. This is likely also true of SARS-CoV-2 given reports of neurological manifestations in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) positive patients. Older adults >\u200965\u00a0years of age constitute a high-risk group prone to severe infection and death. Despite the higher mortality rate, a majority of cases are expected to recover and survive from this viral outbreak. But, the long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 neuroinfection are unknown. We discuss these potential chronic changes to the central nervous system (CNS) in relation to accelerated brain aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders."}, {"pmid": 32496097, "title": "Will there be a silver lining in the end? Lessons from and reflections on the COVID-19 pandemic in Hong Kong and beyond.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Cheng, Sheung-Tak"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496097", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article provides an analysis of the psychological and moral transformations as people confront the risk of infection, using Hong Kong as a case example. In the face of an unfamiliar threat, the need for uncertainty reduction gives rise to hasty, uncritical, and oversimplified assumptions about risk reduction, while prejudice against people and nations who do not share similar practices, as well as those symptomatic or at risk of catching the virus, ensue. The pandemic is eroding basic human decency and our compassion for one another while the human race battles a common threat to our destiny. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32502135, "title": "Reduced monocytic HLA-DR expression indicates immunosuppression in critically ill COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Spinetti, Thibaud", "Hirzel, Cedric", "Fux, Michaela", "Walti, Laura N", "Schober, Patrick", "Stueber, Frank", "Luedi, Markus M", "Schefold, Joerg C"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502135", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The cellular immune system is of pivotal importance with regard to the response to severe infections. Monocytes / macrophages are considered key immune cells in infections and downregulation of the surface expression of monocytic human leukocyte antigen-DR (mHLA-DR) expression within the major histocompatibility complex class II reflects a state of immunosuppression, also referred to as injury-associated immunosuppression. As the role of immunosuppression in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease is currently unclear, we seek to explore the level of mHLA-DR expression in COVID-19 patients. In a preliminary prospective monocentric observational study, 16 COVID-19 positive patients (75% male, median age: 68 [interquartile range 59-75], APACHE-II score in 9 ICU patients: 30 [interquartile range 25-32] with acute respiratory failure were included. Standardized quantitative assessment of mHLA-DR on CD14+ cells was performed using calibrated flow cytometry at baseline (ICU admission), and at days 3 and 5 after ICU admission. Baseline data was compared to hospitalized non-critically ill COVID-19 patients. While normal mHLA-DR expression was observed in all hospitalized non-critically ill patients (n=7), 89% (8/9) critically ill patients with COVID-19- induced acute respiratory failure showed signs of downregulation of mHLA-DR at ICU admission. Monocytic HLA-DR expression at admission was significantly lower in critically ill patients (median, [quartiles]: 9280 antibodies/cell [6114, 16567]) as compared to the non-critically ill patients (30900 antibodies/cell [26777, 52251]), with a median difference of 21508 antibodies/cell (95% CI: 14118 to 42971), P=0.002. Reduced monocytic HLA-DR expression was observed to persist until day 5 after ICU admission. When compared to non-critically ill hospitalized COVID-19 patients, ICU patients with severe COVID-19 disease showed reduced mHLA-DR expression on circulating CD14+ monocytes at ICU admission, indicating a dysfunctional immune response. This immunosuppressive (monocytic) phenotype remained unchanged over the ensuing days after ICU admission. Strategies aiming for immunomodulation in this population of critically ill patients should be guided by an immune-monitoring program in an effort to determine who might benefit best from a given immunological intervention."}, {"pmid": 32335078, "pmcid": "PMC7177128", "title": "Deep impact of COVID-19 in the healthcare of Latin America: the case of Brazil.", "journal": "Braz J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cimerman, Sergio", "Chebabo, Alberto", "Cunha, Clovis Arns da", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335078", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475003, "title": "The Clinics of HHV-6 infection in COVID-19 pandemic: Pityriasis rosea and Kawasaki disease.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Dursun, Recep", "Temiz, Selami Aykut"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475003", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new type of coronavirus family (SARS-CoV-2), which can be found in humans and animals, with many varieties and clinical symptoms, was first seen in Wuhan, China in late 2019, under the name novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the literature, cutaneous symptoms related to the disease are generally emphasized. However, it is not yet known whether this new SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has entered our lives, plays a role in the etiopathogenesis of dermatological diseases. The patients who were admitted to the dermatology outpatient clinic between 1 April and May 15, 2019, and on 1 April and May 15, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed by searching the hospital automation system and patient files. The reason for the same months to be included in the study was to exclude seasonal effects on the diseases. After pandemic, the number of patients with Pityriasis rosea and Kawasaki disease increased significantly in patients who applied to the dermatology outpatient clinic. Our study is the first study showing pityriasis rosea increase during the pandemic period. We think that this increase is related to HHV-6 reactivation. Herein, we wanted to draw attention to two diseases in which Human Herpes 6 (HHV-6) was accused in etiopathogenesis: Kawasaki disease and Pityriasis rosea. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32530862, "title": "Intersecting Pandemics: Impact of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Protective Behaviors on People Living with HIV, Atlanta, Georgia.", "journal": "J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr", "authors": ["Kalichman, Seth C", "Eaton, Lisa A", "Berman, Marcie", "Kalichman, Moira O", "Katner, Harold", "Sam, Soya S", "Caliendo, Angela M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530862", "countries": ["United States", "Georgia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 and its social responses threaten the health of people living with HIV. We conducted a rapid-response interview to assess COVID-19 protective behaviors of people living with HIV and the impact of their responses on HIV related healthcare. Men and women living with HIV (N = 162) ages 20 to 37 participating in a longitudinal study of HIV treatment and care completed routine study measures and an assessment of COVID-19-related experiences. At baseline, a majority of participants demonstrated HIV viremia, markers indicative of renal disorders, and biologically confirmed substance use. At follow-up, in the first month of responding to COVID-19, engaging in more social distancing behaviors was related to difficulty accessing food and medications, and increased cancelation of healthcare appointments, both by self and providers. We observed ART adherence had improved during the initial month of COVID-19 response. Factors that may pose added risk for COVID-19 severity were prevalent among people living with HIV and those with greater risk factors did not practice more COVID-19 protective behaviors. Social distancing and other practices intended to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 interfered with HIV care, and impeded access to food and medications, although an immediate adverse impact on medication adherence was not evident. These results suggest social responses to COVID-19 adversely impacted the healthcare of people living with HIV, supporting continued monitoring to determine the long-term effects of co-occurring HIV and COVID-19 pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32106852, "pmcid": "PMC7047369", "title": "Q&A: The novel coronavirus outbreak causing COVID-19.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Fisher, Dale", "Heymann, David"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32106852", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349931, "pmcid": "PMC7180375", "title": "Re: Silke Gillessen Sommer, Thomas Powles. Advice for Medical Oncology Care of Urological Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Eur Urol. In press: Is It Always Correct to Continue Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitors in the COVID-19 Era?", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349931", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456713, "title": "Mental Health Impacts of COVID-19 in Ireland and the Need for a Secondary Care, Mental Health Service Response.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["O'Connor, Karen", "Wrigley, Margo", "Jennings, Rhona", "Hill, Michele", "Niazi, Amir"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456713", "countries": ["Ireland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32111656, "title": "Covid-19: school closures and bans on mass gatherings will need to be considered, says England's CMO.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Moberly, Tom"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32111656", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486608, "title": "Lung ultrasound for pregnant women admitted to ICU for Covid-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Minerva Anestesiol", "authors": ["Giannini, Alberto", "Mantovani, Alessandro", "Vezzoli, Cesare", "Franchini, Diego", "Finazzi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486608", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515081, "title": "Endonasal Drilling May Be Employed Safely in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Snyderman, Carl H", "Gardner, Paul A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515081", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233642, "title": "Risk factors associated with disease progression in a cohort of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Yulong", "Zhang, Zhicheng", "Tian, Jie", "Xiong, Shaoyun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233642", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging infection of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in late December, 2019 in Wuhan, China, has caused an extreme health concern, with many patients having progressed to acute respiratory disease or other complications in a short period. Meanwhile, the risk factors associated with the disease progression still remain elusive. A cohort of 17 patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infections who were admitted to the Ninth Hospital of Nanchang between January 28 and February 6, 2020, were enrolled in this study. All the patients received standardized treatment. The disease progression was evaluated every 7 days after admission. The clinical, radiologic, and laboratory characteristics were retrospectively analyzed, and the factors associated with the disease progression were screened by binary logistic regression analysis. The cohort comprised 11 women (64.7%) and 6 men (35.3%) between the ages of 18 to 70 years old. All patients had a reported history of contact with infection-confirmed patients. Fever (11/64.7%) and cough (8/47.1%) were the most common symptoms, whereas dyspnea (2/11.8%) and fatigue (3/17.6%) were rare, and there was no patient with diarrhea symptoms. There were 5 patients with aggravated disease at the first disease progression evaluation, and no patient received mechanical ventilation, transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU), or progressed to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, refractory metabolic acidosis, coagulation dysfunction, or death. Based on the disease progression, patients were divided into the non-aggravation group (12 cases) and the aggravation group (5 cases). There were no significant differences between the 2 groups with respect to their clinical characteristics. Chest computed tomography (CT) on admission revealed there were 8 patients (47.1%) with invasive lesions found bilaterally on the lungs on multiple lobes, 4 patients (23.5%) with invasive lesions on 1 lobe, and 5 patients (29.4%) with normal chest CT. The aggravation group had1 patient (20.0%) with invasive lesions on one lobe, 3 (60.0%) with invasive lesions on multiple lobes, bilaterally, and 1 (20.0%) with normal chest CT; meanwhile, the nonaggravation group had 3 patients (25.0%) with invasive lesions on one lobe, 5 (41.7%) with invasive lesions on multiple lobes, bilaterally, and 4 (33.3%) with normal chest CT. No significant difference was found between the 2 groups. In the aggravation group, the total lymphocyte counts significantly decreased in comparison to that in the non-aggravation group. Further analysis showed that the CD4+ T cell count but not the CD8+ T cell count of the aggravation group was significantly lower than that of the non-aggravation group. Correlation analysis indicated total lymphocyte count was positively correlated with CD4+ T cell count, and no significant differences were found between the 2 groups in other laboratory measurements, including those of white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and D-dimer. Finally, a binary logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with the disease progression. It was found that total lymphocyte count was a risk factor associated with disease progression in patients infected with 2019-nCoV. A higher cell count of total lymphocytes may indicate a better outcome of the disease, and immune response may be a vital factor for directing disease progression in the early stage of 2019-nCoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32321159, "pmcid": "PMC7188181", "title": "Preparedness and Rapid Implementation of External Quality Assessment Helped Quickly Increase COVID-19 Testing Capacity in the Republic of Korea.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Sung, Heungsup", "Yoo, Cheon-Kwon", "Han, Myung-Guk", "Lee, Sang-Won", "Lee, Hyukmin", "Chun, Sail", "Lee, Wee Gyo", "Min, Won-Ki"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321159", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502640, "pmcid": "PMC7266602", "title": "Optimising effectiveness of health care and value of clinical trials in the COVID -19 outbreak.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Filippis, Giuseppe De"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502640", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448590, "pmcid": "PMC7186205", "title": "Marked Up-Regulation of ACE2 in Hearts of Patients With Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Implications for SARS-CoV-2-Mediated COVID-19.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Bos, J Martijn", "Hebl, Virginia B", "Oberg, Ann L", "Sun, Zhifu", "Herman, Daniel S", "Teekakirikul, Polakit", "Seidman, Jonathan G", "Seidman, Christine E", "Dos Remedios, Cristobal G", "Maleszewski, Joseph J", "Schaff, Hartzell V", "Dearani, Joseph A", "Noseworthy, Peter A", "Friedman, Paul A", "Ommen, Steve R", "Brozovich, Frank V", "Ackerman, Michael J"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448590", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the transcriptomic differences between patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and controls. RNA was extracted from cardiac tissue flash frozen at therapeutic surgical septal myectomy for 106 patients with HCM and 39 healthy donor hearts. Expression profiling of 37,846 genes was performed using the Illumina Human HT-12v3 Expression BeadChip. All patients with HCM were genotyped for pathogenic variants causing HCM. Technical validation was performed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. This study was started on January 1, 1999, and final analysis was completed on April 20,\u00a02020. Overall, 22% of the transcriptome (8443 of 37,846 genes) was expressed differentially between HCM and control tissues. Analysis by genotype revealed that gene expression changes were similar among genotypic subgroups of HCM, with only 4% (1502 of 37,846) to 6% (2336 of 37,846) of the transcriptome exhibiting differential expression between genotypic subgroups. The qRT-PCR confirmed differential expression in 92% (11 of 12 genes) of tested transcripts. Notably, in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the transcript for angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a negative regulator of the angiotensin system, was the single most up-regulated gene in HCM (fold-change, 3.53; q-value =1.30\u00d710-23), which was confirmed by qRT-PCR in triplicate (fold change, 3.78; P=5.22\u00d710-4), and Western blot confirmed greater than 5-fold overexpression of ACE2 protein (fold change, 5.34; P=1.66\u00d710-6). More than 20% of the transcriptome is expressed differentially between HCM and control tissues. Importantly, ACE2 was the most up-regulated gene in HCM, indicating perhaps the heart's compensatory effort to mount an antihypertrophic, antifibrotic response. However, given that\u00a0the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses ACE2 for viral entry, this 5-fold increase in ACE2 protein may confer increased risk for COVID-19 manifestations and outcomes in patients with increased ACE2 transcript expression and protein levels in the heart."}, {"pmid": 32459408, "pmcid": "PMC7195845", "title": "Special Edition: COVID-19 Guest Editorial.", "journal": "J Am Acad Orthop Surg", "authors": ["Rose, Peter", "Levine, William N"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459408", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334995, "pmcid": "PMC7161476", "title": "Concomitant acute aortic thrombosis and pulmonary embolism complicating COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Imaging", "authors": ["Le Berre, A", "Marteau, V", "Emmerich, J", "Zins, M"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334995", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402693, "pmcid": "PMC7204652", "title": "Early experience in tracheostomy and tracheostomy tube management in Covid-19 patients.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Piccin, Ottavio", "Albertini, Riccardo", "Caliceti, Umberto", "Cavicchi, Ottavio", "Cioccoloni, Eleonora", "Dematte, Marco", "Ferri, Gian Gaetano", "Macri, Giovanni", "Marre, Pietro", "Pelligra, Irene", "Saggese, Domenico", "Schiavon, Patrizia", "Sciarretta, Vittorio", "Sorrenti, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402693", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Italy, we have experienced Europe's first and largest coronavirus outbreak. Based on our preliminary experience, we discuss the challenges in performing tracheotomy and tracheostoma care in the setting of a new pathogen."}, {"pmid": 32282412, "pmcid": "PMC7197341", "title": "Preparing to Perform Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery on Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Rodrigues-Pinto, Ricardo", "Sousa, Ricardo", "Oliveira, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282412", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476574, "title": "Virtual Screening-Driven Drug Discovery of SARS-CoV2 Enzyme Inhibitors Targeting Viral Attachment, Replication, Post-Translational Modification and Host Immunity Evasion Infection Mechanisms.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Quimque, Mark Tristan J", "Notarte, Kin Israel R", "Fernandez, Rey Arturo T", "Mendoza, Mark Andrew O", "Liman, Rhenz Alfred D", "Lim, Justin Allen K", "Pilapil, Luis Agustin E", "Ong, Jehiel Karsten H", "Pastrana, Adriel M", "Khan, Abbas", "Wei, Dong-Qing", "Macabeo, Allan Patrick G"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476574", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2, the causative agent of the pandemic disease COVID-19, emerged in December 2019 forcing lockdown of communities in many countries. The absence of specific drugs and vaccines, the rapid transmission of the virus, and the increasing number of deaths worldwide necessitated the discovery of new substances for anti-COVID-19 drug development. With the aid of bioinformatics and computational modelling, ninety seven antiviral secondary metabolites from fungi were docked onto five SARS-CoV2 enzymes involved in viral attachment, replication, post-translational modification, and host immunity evasion infection mechanisms followed by molecular dynamics simulation and in silico ADMET prediction (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) of the hit compounds. Thus, three fumiquinazoline alkaloids scedapin C (15), quinadoline B (19) and norquinadoline A (20), the polyketide isochaetochromin D1 (8), and the terpenoid 11a-dehydroxyisoterreulactone A (11) exhibited high binding affinities on the target proteins, papain-like protease (PLpro), chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), RNA-directed RNA polymerase (RdRp), non-structural protein 15 (nsp15), and the spike binding domain to GRP78. Molecular dynamics simulation was performed to optimize the interaction and investigate the stability of the top-scoring ligands in complex with the five target proteins. All tested complexes were found to have dynamic stability. Of the five top-scoring metabolites, quinadoline B (19) was predicted to confer favorable ADMET values, high gastrointestinal absorptive probability and poor blood-brain barrier crossing capacities."}, {"pmid": 32321074, "title": "COVID-19 and opportunities for international cooperation in health.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Buss, Paulo Marchiori", "Tobar, Sebastian"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321074", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32080993, "title": "The Author's Response: Case of the Index Patient Who Caused Tertiary Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: the Application of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19 Pneumonia Monitored by Quantitative RT-PCR.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Lim, Jaegyun", "Jeon, Seunghyun", "Shin, Hyun Young", "Kim, Moon Jung", "Seong, Yu Min", "Lee, Wang Jun", "Choe, Kang Won", "Kang, Yu Min", "Lee, Baeckseung", "Park, Sang Joon"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32080993", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222161, "pmcid": "PMC7195275", "title": "Considering inequalities in the school closure response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Armitage, Richard", "Nellums, Laura B"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222161", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487426, "pmcid": "PMC7261091", "title": "Challenges and Ethical Considerations for Trainees and Attending Physicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Hai, Shaikh", "Baroutjian, Amanda", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487426", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334408, "pmcid": "PMC7195353", "title": "The fight against COVID-19 and the restoration of trust in Chinese medical professionals.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Gan, Yiqun", "Chen, Yidi", "Wang, Cheng", "Latkin, Carl", "Hall, Brian J"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334408", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383758, "pmcid": "PMC7239191", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 expression in the human heart: cause of a post-pandemic wave of heart failure?", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Thum, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383758", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372756, "pmcid": "PMC7201951", "title": "Letter to the editor: Evidence on school closure and children's social contact: useful for coronavirus disease (COVID-19)?", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Poletti, Michele", "Raballo, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372756", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493601, "pmcid": "PMC7245267", "title": "Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Sex Med", "authors": ["Torremade, Jose", "Martinez-Salamanca, Juan Ignacio"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493601", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347772, "title": "National Response to COVID-19 in the Republic of Korea and Lessons Learned for Other Countries.", "journal": "Health Syst Reform", "authors": ["Oh, Juhwan", "Lee, Jong-Koo", "Schwarz, Dan", "Ratcliffe, Hannah L", "Markuns, Jeffrey F", "Hirschhorn, Lisa R"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347772", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Republic of Korea (South Korea) had the second highest number of cases globally yet was able to dramatically lower the incidence of new cases and sustain a low mortality rate, making it a promising example of strong national response. We describe the main strategies undertaken and selected facilitators and challenges in order to identify transferable lessons for other countries working to control the spread and impact of COVID-19. Identified strategies included early recognition of the threat and rapid activation of national response protocols led by national leadership; rapid establishment of diagnostic capacity; scale-up of measures for preventing community transmission; and redesigning the triage and treatment systems, mobilizing the necessary resources for clinical care. Facilitators included existing hospital capacity, the epidemiology of the COVID-19 outbreak, and strong national leadership despite political changes and population sensitization due to the 2015 Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemic. Challenges included sustaining adequate human resources and supplies in high-caseload areas. Key recommendations include (1) recognize the problem, (2) establish diagnostic capacity, (3) implement aggressive measures to prevent community transmission, (4) redesign and reallocate clinical resources for the new environment, and (5) work to limit economic impact through and while prioritizing controlling the spread and impact of COVID-19. South Korea's strategies to prevent, detect, and respond to the pandemic represent applicable knowledge that can be adopted by other countries and the global community facing the enormous COVID-19 challenges ahead."}, {"pmid": 32423903, "title": "Thrombotic risk in COVID-19: a case series and case-control study.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Stoneham, Simon M", "Milne, Kate M", "Nuttal, Elisabeth", "Frew, Georgina H", "Sturrock, Beattie R", "Sivaloganathan, Helena", "Ladikou, Eleni E", "Drage, Stephen", "Phillips, Barbara", "Chevassut, Timothy Jt", "Eziefula, Alice C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423903", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A possible association between COVID-19 infection and thrombosis, either as a direct consequence of the virus or as a complication of inflammation, is emerging in the literature. Data on the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are extremely limited. We describe three cases of thromboembolism refractory to heparin treatment, the incidence of VTE in an inpatient cohort, and a case-control study to identify risk factors associated with VTE. We identified 274 confirmed (208) or probable (66) COVID-19 patients. 21 (7.7%) were diagnosed with VTE. D-dimer was elevated in both cases (confirmed VTE) and controls (no confirmed VTE) but higher levels were seen in confirmed VTE cases (4.1 vs 1.2 \u03bcg/mL, P<0.001). Incidence of VTE is high in patients hospitalised with COVID-19. Urgent clinical trials are needed to evaluate the role of anticoagulation in COVID-19. Monitoring of D-dimer and anti-factor Xa levels may be beneficial in guiding management."}, {"pmid": 32360134, "title": "EUS-guided gallbladder drainage during a pandemic crisis - How the COVID-19 outbreak could impact interventional endoscopy.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Lisotti, Andrea", "Fusaroli, Pietro"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360134", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434634, "title": "[Clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 in children aged <18 years in Jiangxi, China: an analysis of 23 cases].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wu, Hua-Ping", "Li, Bing-Fei", "Chen, Xiao", "Hu, Hua-Zhu", "Jiang, Shu-Ai", "Cheng, Hao", "Hu, Xin-He", "Tang, Jian-Xin", "Zhong, Fu-Chu", "Zeng, Ling-Wen", "Yu, Wei", "Yuan, Yan", "Wu, Xian-Fei", "Li, Yu-Ping", "Zheng, Zong-Li", "Pan, Tian-Bo", "Wu, Zhi-Xing", "Yuan, Jin-Feng", "Chen, Qiang"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434634", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To study the clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children aged <18 years. A retrospective analysis was performed from the medical data of 23 children, aged from 3 months to 17 years and 8 months, who were diagnosed with COVID-19 in Jiangxi, China from January 21 to February 29, 2020. Of the 23 children with COVID-19, 17 had family aggregation. Three children (13%) had asymptomatic infection, 6 (26%) had mild type, and 14 (61%) had common type. Among these 23 children, 16 (70%) had fever, 11 (48%) had cough, 8 (35%) had fever and cough, and 8 (35%) had wet rales in the lungs. The period from disease onset or the first nucleic acid-positive detection of SARS-CoV-2 to the virus nucleic acid negative conversion was 6-24 days (median 12 days). Of the 23 children, 3 had a reduction in total leukocyte count, 2 had a reduction in lymphocytes, 2 had an increase in C-reactive protein, and 2 had an increase in D-dimer. Abnormal pulmonary CT findings were observed in 12 children, among whom 9 had patchy ground-glass opacities in both lungs. All 23 children received antiviral therapy and were recovered. COVID-19 in children aged <18 years often occurs with family aggregation, with no specific clinical manifestation and laboratory examination results. Most of these children have mild symptoms and a good prognosis. Epidemiological history is of particular importance in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in children aged <18 years."}, {"pmid": 32444504, "pmcid": "PMC7253225", "title": "Challenges in the management of older patients with acute coronary syndromes in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Rowland, Ben", "Kunadian, Vijay"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444504", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ischaemic heart disease (IHD), in particular acute coronary syndrome (ACS), comprising ST-elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is the leading cause of death worldwide. Age is a major predictor of adverse outcome following ACS. COVID-19 infection seems to escalate the risk in older patients with heart disease. Increasing odds of in-hospital death is associated with older age following COVID-19 infection. Importantly, it seems older patients with comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), in particular IHD, diabetes and hypertension, are at the highest risk of mortality following COVID-19 infection. The evidence is sparse on the optimal care of older patients with ACS with lack of robust randomised controlled trials. In this setting, with the serious threat imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of rapidly evolving knowledge with much unknown, it is important to weigh the risks and benefits of treatment strategies offered to older patients. In cases where risks outweigh the benefits, it might not be an unreasonable option to treat such patients with a conservative or a palliative approach. Further evidence to elucidate whether invasive management is beneficial in older patients with ACS is required out-with the COVID-19 pandemic. Though it is hoped that the actual acute phase of COVID-19 infection will be short lived, it is vital that important clinical research is continued, given the long-term benefits of ongoing clinical research for patients with long-term conditions, including CVD. This review aimed to evaluate the challenges and the management strategies in the care of older patients presenting with ACS in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32493967, "title": "Global supply-chain effects of COVID-19 control measures.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["Guan, Dabo", "Wang, Daoping", "Hallegatte, Stephane", "Davis, Steven J", "Huo, Jingwen", "Li, Shuping", "Bai, Yangchun", "Lei, Tianyang", "Xue, Qianyu", "Coffman, D'Maris", "Cheng, Danyang", "Chen, Peipei", "Liang, Xi", "Xu, Bing", "Lu, Xiaosheng", "Wang, Shouyang", "Hubacek, Klaus", "Gong, Peng"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493967", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Countries have sought to stop the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by severely restricting travel and in-person commercial activities. Here, we analyse the supply-chain effects of a set of idealized lockdown scenarios, using the latest global trade modelling framework. We find that supply-chain losses that are related to initial COVID-19 lockdowns are largely dependent on the number of countries imposing restrictions and that losses are more sensitive to the duration of a lockdown than its strictness. However, a longer containment that can eradicate the disease imposes a smaller loss than shorter ones. Earlier, stricter and shorter lockdowns can minimize overall losses. A 'go-slow' approach to lifting restrictions may reduce overall damages if it avoids the need for further lockdowns. Regardless of the strategy, the complexity of global supply chains will magnify losses beyond the direct effects of COVID-19. Thus, pandemic control is a public good that requires collective efforts and support to lower-capacity countries."}, {"pmid": 32359205, "pmcid": "PMC7267496", "title": "2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Taxonera, Carlos", "Sagastagoitia, Inigo", "Alba, Cristina", "Manas, Norberto", "Olivares, David", "Rey, Enrique"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359205", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data on patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) who have had 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) are needed. To report the clinical characteristics, including gastrointestinal symptoms, of COVID-19 in IBD patients, and to assess the risk of COVID-19 in IBD. This case series included consecutive IBD patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Age-adjusted cumulative incidences were compared with the general population in the Madrid region. Through April 8, 12 of 1918 IBD patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. The average age was 52\u00a0years, 75% of the patients were female and 58.3% had Crohn's disease. Seven patients (58%) were on maintenance treatment with immunomodulators/biologics, of these four with combined therapy (33%). Eight patients (66%) required hospitalisation (one intensive care unit admission, and two deaths), and four patients were isolated at home. Nine patients had diarrhoea ranging between 4 and 10 loose stools per day (mean 5.4, SD 1.6). In five patients (42%) diarrhoea was a presenting symptom. In two patients, diarrhoea was the only symptom at debut. Cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was 6.2 per 1000 IBD patients. IBD patients had a lower adjusted incidence ratio of COVID-19 (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.70-0.77; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), and a similar associated mortality ratio (OR 0.95, 95% CI: 0.84-1.06; P\u00a0=\u00a00.36), compared with the general population. IBD patients do not have an increased risk of COVID-19 and associated mortality compared with the general population. In many IBD patients, diarrhoea was a presenting symptom, and sometimes, was the only symptom at onset of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32310924, "title": "[COVID-19 and coronary artery disease: selective and collaborative use of resources during public health crisis].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Villa, Emmanuel", "Saccocci, Matteo", "Messina, Antonio", "Maffeo, Diego", "Piti, Antonino", "Bianchetti, Federico", "Cuccia, Claudio", "Troise, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310924", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic is one of the most demanding challenges for the public health organizations. The Lombardy region faced firstly this outbreak in Italy and recorded rapidly a saturation of intensive care and internal medicine beds. Consequently, this lack of technical and human resources, together with people mobility restriction to contain virus spreading, determined the interruption of elective surgical and interventional cardiovascular procedures. In addition, the emergency track of acute patients has been rewritten due to limited resources and viral co-infection (pre- or in-hospital). Herein, we describe two cases of acute coronary syndrome with severe coronary artery disease and an indication for coronary artery bypass grafting. The first patient, COVID-19 positive, was treated with transcatheter technique due to symptom instability and underwent temporary circulatory support without intubation. The second patient received an intra-aortic balloon pump and was then transferred, in accordance with government emergency provisions, to a hub hospital to undergo off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting and short intensive care unit stay. These two apparently similar cases were treated differently according to the moving epidemiological and organizational conditions."}, {"pmid": 32343363, "pmcid": "PMC7267583", "title": "A Health System Response to COVID-19 in Long-Term Care and Post-Acute Care: A Three-Phase Approach.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Kim, Gina", "Wang, Mengru", "Pan, Hanh", "H Davidson, Giana", "Roxby, Alison C", "Neukirch, Jen", "Lei, Danna", "Hawken-Dennis, Elicia", "Simpson, Louise", "D Ong, Thuan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343363", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Seattle, WA, area was ground zero for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Its initial emergence in a skilled nursing facility (SNF) not only highlighted the vulnerability of its patients and residents, but also the limited clinical support that led to national headlines. Furthermore, the coronavirus pandemic heightened the need for improved collaboration among healthcare organizations and local and state public health. The University of Washington Medicine's (UWM's) Post-Acute Care (PAC) Network developed and implemented a three-phase approach within its pre-existing network of SNFs to help slow the spread of the disease, support local area SNFs from becoming overwhelmed when inundated with COVID-19 cases or persons under investigation, and help decrease the burden on area hospitals, clinics, and emergency medical services. Support of local area SNFs consisted of the following phases that were implemented at various times as COVID-19 impacted each facility at different times. Initial Phase: This phase was designed to (1) optimize communication, (2) review infection control practices, and (3) create a centralized process to track and test the target population. Delayed Phase: The goals of the Delayed Phase were to slow the spread of the disease once it is present in the SNF by providing consistent education and reinforcing infection prevention and control practices to all staff. Surge Phase: This phase aimed to prepare facilities in response to an outbreak by deploying a \"Drop Team\" within 24 hours to the facility to expeditiously test patients and exposed employees, triage symptomatic patients, and coordinate care and supplies with local public health authorities. The COVID-19 Three-Phase Response Plan provides a standardized model of care that may be implemented by other health systems and SNFs to help prepare and respond to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32494853, "pmcid": "PMC7267746", "title": "Neurological complications of COVID-19: a preliminary review.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Pryce-Roberts, A", "Talaei, M", "Robertson, N P"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494853", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455629, "title": "Tripartite Combination of Candidate Pandemic Mitigation Agents: Vitamin D, Quercetin, and Estradiol Manifest Properties of Medicinal Agents for Targeted Mitigation of the COVID-19 Pandemic Defined by Genomics-Guided Tracing of SARS-CoV-2 Targets in Human Cells.", "journal": "Biomedicines", "authors": ["Glinsky, Gennadi V"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455629", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Genes required for SARS-CoV-2 entry into human cells, ACE2 and FURIN, were employed as baits to build genomic-guided molecular maps of upstream regulatory elements, their expression and functions in the human body, and pathophysiologically relevant cell types. Repressors and activators of the ACE2 and FURIN genes were identified based on the analyses of gene silencing and overexpression experiments as well as relevant transgenic mouse models. Panels of repressors (VDR; GATA5; SFTPC; HIF1a) and activators (HMGA2; INSIG1; RUNX1; HNF4a; JNK1/c-FOS) were then employed to identify existing drugs manifesting in their effects on gene expression signatures of potential coronavirus infection mitigation agents. Using this strategy, vitamin D and quercetin have been identified as putative 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) mitigation agents. Quercetin has been identified as one of top-scoring candidate therapeutics in the supercomputer SUMMIT drug-docking screen and Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) of expression profiling experiments (EPEs), indicating that highly structurally similar quercetin, luteolin, and eriodictyol could serve as scaffolds for the development of efficient inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In agreement with this notion, quercetin alters the expression of 98 of 332 (30%) of human genes encoding protein targets of SARS-CoV-2, thus potentially interfering with functions of 23 of 27 (85%) of the SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins in human cells. Similarly, Vitamin D may interfere with functions of 19 of 27 (70%) of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins by altering expression of 84 of 332 (25%) of human genes encoding protein targets of SARS-CoV-2. Considering the potential effects of both quercetin and vitamin D, the inference could be made that functions of 25 of 27 (93%) of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in human cells may be altered. GSEA and EPEs identify multiple drugs, smoking, and many disease conditions that appear to act as putative coronavirus infection-promoting agents. Discordant patterns of testosterone versus estradiol impacts on SARS-CoV-2 targets suggest a plausible molecular explanation of the apparently higher male mortality during the coronavirus pandemic. Estradiol, in contrast with testosterone, affects the expression of the majority of human genes (203 of 332; 61%) encoding SARS-CoV-2 targets, thus potentially interfering with functions of 26 of 27 SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. A hypothetical tripartite combination consisting of quercetin/vitamin D/estradiol may affect expression of 244 of 332 (73%) human genes encoding SARS-CoV-2 targets. Of major concern is the ACE2 and FURIN expression in many human cells and tissues, including immune cells, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may infect a broad range of cellular targets in the human body. Infection of immune cells may cause immunosuppression, long-term persistence of the virus, and spread of the virus to secondary targets. Present analyses and numerous observational studies indicate that age-associated vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the high mortality of older adults and the elderly. Immediate availability for targeted experimental and clinical interrogations of potential COVID-19 pandemic mitigation agents, namely vitamin D and quercetin, as well as of the highly selective (Ki, 600 pm) intrinsically specific FURIN inhibitor (a1-antitrypsin Portland (a1-PDX), is considered an encouraging factor. Observations reported in this contribution are intended to facilitate follow-up targeted experimental studies and, if warranted, randomized clinical trials to identify and validate therapeutically viable interventions to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, gene expression profiles of vitamin D and quercetin activities and their established safety records as over-the-counter medicinal substances strongly argue that they may represent viable candidates for further considerations of their potential utility as COVID-19 pandemic mitigation agents. In line with the results of present analyses, a randomized interventional clinical trial evaluating effects of estradiol on severity of the coronavirus infection in COVID19+ and presumptive COVID19+ patients and two interventional randomized clinical trials evaluating effects of vitamin D on prevention and treatment of COVID-19 were listed on the ClinicalTrials.gov website."}, {"pmid": 32521564, "title": "Viral enanthema in oral mucosa: a possible diagnostic challenge in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Rocha, Breno Amaral", "Souto, Giovanna Ribeiro", "de Mattos Camargo Grossmann, Soraya", "de Aguiar, Maria Cassia Ferreira", "de Andrade, Bruno Augusto Benevenuto", "Romanach, Mario Jose", "Horta, Martinho Campolina Rebello"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521564", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recalcati (2020), for example, reported that 20.4% of 88 COVID-19 patients presented cutaneous manifestations such as erythematous rash, generalized urticaria and vesicles. They suggested that the skin lesions were similar to ones found in common viral diseases but emphasized that additional studies are necessary to confirm its association with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32473937, "pmcid": "PMC7256528", "title": "The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Urology Residency Program in Singapore.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Tan, Yi Quan", "Wang, Ziting", "Tiong, Ho Yee", "Chiong, Edmund"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473937", "countries": ["Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392129, "title": "Screening of healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 highlights the role of asymptomatic carriage in COVID-19 transmission.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Rivett, Lucy", "Sridhar, Sushmita", "Sparkes, Dominic", "Routledge, Matthew", "Jones, Nick K", "Forrest, Sally", "Young, Jamie", "Pereira-Dias, Joana", "Hamilton, William L", "Ferris, Mark", "Torok, M Estee", "Meredith, Luke", "Curran, Martin D", "Fuller, Stewart", "Chaudhry, Afzal", "Shaw, Ashley", "Samworth, Richard J", "Bradley, John R", "Dougan, Gordon", "Smith, Kenneth G C", "Lehner, Paul J", "Matheson, Nicholas J", "Wright, Giles", "Goodfellow, Ian G", "Baker, Stephen", "Weekes, Michael P"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392129", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Significant differences exist in the availability of healthcare worker (HCW) SARS-CoV-2 testing between countries, and existing programmes focus on screening symptomatic rather than asymptomatic staff. Over a 3-week period (April 2020), 1,032 asymptomatic HCWs were screened for SARS-CoV-2 in a large UK teaching hospital. Symptomatic staff and symptomatic household contacts were additionally tested. Real-time RT-PCR was used to detect viral RNA from a throat+nose self-swab. 3% of HCWs in the asymptomatic screening group tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. 17/30 (57%) were truly asymptomatic/pauci-symptomatic. 12/30 (40%) had experienced symptoms compatible with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) >7 days prior to testing, most self-isolating, returning well. Clusters of HCW infection were discovered on two independent wards. Viral genome sequencing showed that the majority of HCWs had the dominant lineage B\u22191. Our data demonstrates the utility of comprehensive screening of HCWs with minimal or no symptoms. This approach will be critical for protecting patients and hospital staff."}, {"pmid": 32175719, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on rehabilitation services and Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) physicians' activities in Italy. An official document of the Italian PRM Society (SIMFER).", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Boldrini, Paolo", "Bernetti, Andrea", "Fiore, Pietro"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32175719", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460369, "pmcid": "PMC7267090", "title": "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in management of COVID-19; a systematic review on current evidence.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Yousefifard, Mahmoud", "Zali, Alireza", "Zarghi, Afshin", "Madani Neishaboori, Arian", "Hosseini, Mostafa", "Safari, Saeed"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460369", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since there is still no definitive conclusion regarding which non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are most effective and safe in viral respiratory infections, we decided to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various NSAIDs in viral respiratory infections so that we can reach a conclusion on which NSAID is best choice for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A search was performed in Medline (via PubMed), Embase and CENTRAL databases until 23 March 2020. Clinical trials on application of NSAIDs in viral respiratory infections were included. Six clinical trials were included. No clinical trial has been performed on COVID-19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome infections. Studies show that ibuprofen and naproxen not only have positive effects in controlling cold symptoms, but also do not cause serious side effects in rhinovirus infections. In addition, it was found that clarithromycin, naproxen and oseltamivir combination leads to decrease in mortality rate and duration of hospitalisation in patients with pneumonia caused by influenza. Although based on existing evidence, NSAIDs have been effective in treating respiratory infections caused by influenza and rhinovirus, since there is no clinical trial on COVID-19 and case-reports and clinical experiences are indicative of elongation of treatment duration and exacerbation of the clinical course of patients with COVID-19, it is recommended to use substitutes such as acetaminophen for controlling fever and inflammation and be cautious about using NSAIDs in management of COVID-19 patients until there are enough evidence. Naproxen may be a good choice for future clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32270938, "title": "[Covid-19 diagnosis : clinical recommendations and performance of nasopharyngeal swab-PCR].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Kokkinakis, Ioannis", "Selby, Kevin", "Favrat, Bernard", "Genton, Blaise", "Cornuz, Jacques"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270938", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic imposes new diagnostic strategies in order to optimize the medical care of our patients. The current biblio-graphy, although of low quality, shows a sensitivity of 56 to 83\u2005% for the Covid-19 PCR. Even though one negative test can exclude a Covid-19 in the majority of cases, the NPV (Negative Predictive Value) decreases with increasing prevalence (pre-test probability). This finding suggests the need for strict auto-isolation of patients until the resolution of their symptoms. For patients that present with typical symptoms, who have a presumed Covid-19 prevalence of -40-50\u2005%, a negative test should be interpreted with caution and a repeat test may be needed."}, {"pmid": 32409516, "title": "Proximal humeral fracture surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic: advocacy for regional anesthesia.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Tognu, Andrea", "Barbara, Enrico", "Pacini, Ilaria", "Bosco, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409516", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526365, "title": "Acute hemorrhage after intra-cerebral biopsy in COVID-19 patients: a report of 3 cases.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Degeneffe, Aurelie", "Bruneau, Michael", "Spitaels, Julien", "Gilis, Nathalie", "De Witte, Olivier", "Lubansu, Alphonse"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526365", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When Belgium's COVID-19 outbreak began in March of 2020, our neurosurgical department followed the protocol of most surgical departments in the world and postponed elective surgery. However, patients with tumor-like brain lesions requiring urgent surgery still received treatment as usual, in order to ensure ongoing neuro-oncological care. From a series of 31 patients admitted for brain surgery, three were confirmed as infected by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We present the clinical outcomes of these three COVID-19 patients, who underwent an intra-cerebral biopsy in our department during April of 2020. All suffered from a diffuse intra-parenchymal hemorrhage post-operatively. Unfortunately, we were not able to identify a clear etiology of these post-operative complications. It could be hypothesized that an active COVID-19 infection status may be related to a higher bleeding risk. The remaining 28 neuro-oncological non-COVID patients underwent uneventful surgery during the same period. This case series reports the previously unreported and unexpected outcomes of COVID-19 patients suffering from acute hemorrhage after intra-cerebral biopsy procedures. Although no direct relation can yet be established, we recommend the neurosurgical community be cautious in such cases."}, {"pmid": 32264957, "pmcid": "PMC7137400", "title": "Fighting against the common enemy of COVID-19: a practice of building a community with a shared future for mankind.", "journal": "Infect Dis Poverty", "authors": ["Qian, Xu", "Ren, Ran", "Wang, Youfa", "Guo, Yan", "Fang, Jing", "Wu, Zhong-Dao", "Liu, Pei-Long", "Han, Tie-Ru"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264957", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused more than 80\u2009813 confirmed cases in all provinces of China, and 21\u2009110 cases reported in 93 countries of six continents as of 7 March 2020 since middle December 2019. Due to biological nature of the novel coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with faster spreading and unknown transmission pattern, it makes us in a difficulty position to contain the disease transmission globally. To date, we have found it is one of the greatest challenges to human beings in fighting against COVID-19 in the history, because SARS-CoV-2 is different from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV in terms of biological features and transmissibility, and also found the containment strategies including the non-pharmaceutical public health measures implemented in China are effective and successful. In order to prevent a potential pandemic-level outbreak of COVID-19, we, as a community of shared future for mankind, recommend for all international leaders to support preparedness in low and middle income countries especially, take strong global interventions by using old approaches or new tools, mobilize global resources to equip hospital facilities and supplies to protect noisome infections and to provide personal protective tools such as facemask to general population, and quickly initiate research projects on drug and vaccine development. We also recommend for the international community to develop better coordination, cooperation, and strong solidarity in the joint efforts of fighting against COVID-19 spreading recommended by the joint mission report of the WHO-China experts, against violating the International Health Regulation (WHO, 2005), and against stigmatization, in order to eventually win the battle against our common enemy - COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32425632, "pmcid": "PMC7231483", "title": "First, second and potential third generation spreads of the COVID-19 epidemic in mainland China: an early exploratory study incorporating location-based service data of mobile devices.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hu, Bisong", "Qiu, Jingyu", "Chen, Haiying", "Tao, Vincent", "Wang, Jinfeng", "Lin, Hui"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425632", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of atypical pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has currently become a global concern. The generations of the epidemic spread are not well known, yet these are critical parameters to facilitate an understanding of the epidemic. A seafood wholesale market and Wuhan city, China, were recognized as the primary and secondary epidemic sources. Human movements nationwide from the two epidemic sources revealed the characteristics of the first-generation and second-generation spreads of the COVID-19 epidemic, as well as the potential third-generation spread. We used spatiotemporal data of COVID-19 cases in mainland China and two categories of location-based service (LBS) data of mobile devices from the primary and secondary epidemic sources to calculate Pearson correlation coefficient,r, and spatial stratified heterogeneity, q, statistics. Two categories of device trajectories had generally significant correlations and determinant powers of the epidemic spread. Bothr and q statistics decreased with distance from the epidemic sources and their associations changed with time. At the beginning of the epidemic, the mixed first-generation and second-generation spreads appeared in most cities with confirmed cases. They strongly interacted to enhance the epidemic in Hubei province and the trend was also significant in the provinces adjacent to Hubei. The third-generation spread started in Wuhan from January 17-20, 2020, and in Hubei from January 23-24. No obvious third-generation spread was detected outside Hubei. The findings provide important foundations to quantify the effect of human movement on epidemic spread and inform ongoing control strategies. The spatiotemporal association between the epidemic spread and human movements from the primary and secondary epidemic sources indicates a transfer from second to third generations of the infection. Urgent control measures include preventing the potential third-generation spread in mainland China, eliminating it in Hubei, and reducing the interaction influence of first-generation and second-generation spreads."}, {"pmid": 32363326, "pmcid": "PMC7174023", "title": "Mental healthcare for psychiatric inpatients during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Gen Psychiatr", "authors": ["Li, Shen", "Zhang, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363326", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During this 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia epidemic, some experts have expressed concern for the mental healthcare of different types of population groups. However, hospitalised patients with severe mental illness are seemingly overlooked. Psychiatric patients are still a vulnerable group who need to obtain more attention and respect, particularly during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. In this commentary, we briefly introduce the situation of hospitalized patients with severe mental illness and suggest some effective measures that should be rapidly undertaken to reverse current challenges."}, {"pmid": 32458212, "pmcid": "PMC7250261", "title": "Patients with chronic kidney disease have a poorer prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): an experience in New York City.", "journal": "Int Urol Nephrol", "authors": ["Yamada, Takayuki", "Mikami, Takahisa", "Chopra, Nitin", "Miyashita, Hirotaka", "Chernyavsky, Svetlana", "Miyashita, Satoshi"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458212", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427416, "title": "COVID-19 complicated by acute myocardial infarction with extensive thrombus burden and cardiogenic shock.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Harari, Rafael", "Bangalore, Sripal", "Chang, Ernest", "Shah, Binita"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427416", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A patient with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) developed acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by extensive coronary thrombosis and cardiogenic shock. She underwent percutaneous coronary intervention and placement of a mechanical circulatory support device but subsequently died from shock. This report illustrates the challenges in managing patients with COVID-19, AMI, and cardiogenic shock."}, {"pmid": 32513593, "title": "Systemic Treatment of Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancers During the COVID-19 Outbreak: COVID-19-adapted Recommendations of the National Cancer Institute of Milan.", "journal": "Clin Colorectal Cancer", "authors": ["Pietrantonio, Filippo", "Morano, Federica", "Niger, Monica", "Corallo, Salvatore", "Antista, Maria", "Raimondi, Alessandra", "Prisciandaro, Michele", "Pagani, Filippo", "Prinzi, Natalie", "Nichetti, Federico", "Randon, Giovanni", "Torchio, Martina", "Corti, Francesca", "Ambrosini, Margherita", "Palermo, Federica", "Palazzo, Michele", "Biamonte, Lavinia", "Platania, Marco", "Sposito, Carlo", "Cosimelli, Maurizio", "Mazzaferro, Vincenzo", "Pusceddu, Sara", "Cremolini, Chiara", "de Braud, Filippo", "Di Bartolomeo, Maria"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513593", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak poses a major challenge in the treatment decision-making of patients with cancer, who may be at higher risk of developing a severe and deadly SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with the general population. The health care emergency is forcing the reshaping of the daily assessment between risks and benefits expected from the administration of immune-suppressive and potentially toxic treatments. To guide our clinical decisions at the National Cancer Institute of Milan (Lombardy region, the epicenter of the outbreak in Italy), we formulated Coronavirus-adapted institutional recommendations for the systemic treatment of patients with gastrointestinal cancers. Here, we describe how our daily clinical practice has changed due to the pandemic outbreak, with the aim of providing useful suggestions for physicians that are facing the same challenges worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32479632, "title": "Characteristics of Hospitalized Pediatric COVID-19 Cases - Chicago, Illinois, March - April 2020.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Mannheim, Jonathan", "Gretsch, Stephanie", "Layden, Jennifer E", "Fricchione, Marielle J"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479632", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, no report on COVID-19 pediatric patients in a large urban center with data on underlying comorbidities and co-infection for hospitalized cases has been published. Case series of Chicago COVID-19 patients aged 0-17 years reported to Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) from 3/5/20-4/8/20. Enhanced case investigation performed. Chi-square and Wilcoxon two-sample tests to compare characteristics among hospitalized and non-hospitalized cases. During March 5-April 8, 2020, 6369 lab-confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported to CDPH; 64 (1.0%) were among children 0-17 years. Ten patients (16%) were hospitalized, seven (70%) required intensive care (ICU); median length of hospitalization 4 days (range: 1-14). Reported fever and dyspnea were significantly higher in hospitalized patients compared to non-hospitalized patients (9/10 vs. 28/54, p = 0.04 and 7/10 vs. 10/54, p = 0.002, respectively). Hospitalized patients were significantly younger than non-hospitalized patients (median, 3.5 years vs. 12 years; p = 0.03) and all either had an underlying comorbidity or co-infection. Among the 34 unique households with multiple laboratory-confirmed infections, median number of laboratory-confirmed infections was 2 (range: 2-5), and 31 (91%) households had at least one COVID-19 infected adult. For 15 households with available data to assess transmission, 11 (73%) were adult-to-child, 2 (13%) child-to-child, and 2 (13%) child-to-adult. Enhanced case investigation of hospitalized patients revealed that underlying comorbidities and co-infection might have contributed to severe disease. Given frequency of household transmission, healthcare providers should consider alternative dispositional planning for affected families of children living with comorbidities."}, {"pmid": 32387057, "pmcid": "PMC7158827", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in appendicular syndrome: Chest CT scan before appendectomy.", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Pautrat, K", "Chergui, N"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387057", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The initial clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 may be appendicular syndrome. An abdominal CT scan ruled out a diagnosis of appendicitis and a chest CT scan yielded a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. CT scan is required before considering emergency surgery for acute appendicitis."}, {"pmid": 32393469, "title": "Covid-19: England plan to ease lockdown is \"confusing\" and \"risky,\" say doctors.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393469", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471634, "pmcid": "PMC7195111", "title": "Adding insult to injury: kidney replacement therapy during COVID-19 in India.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Ramachandran, Raja", "Jha, Vivekanand"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471634", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450053, "pmcid": "PMC7255213", "title": "Following-up allogeneic transplantation recipients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Lupo-Stanghellini, Maria Teresa", "Messina, Carlo", "Marktel, Sarah", "Carrabba, Matteo G", "Peccatori, Jacopo", "Corti, Consuelo", "Ciceri, Fabio"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450053", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436445, "pmcid": "PMC7243039", "title": "Potential specific therapies in COVID-19.", "journal": "Ther Adv Respir Dis", "authors": ["Gul, Muhammad Hamdan", "Htun, Zin Mar", "Shaukat, Nauman", "Imran, Muhammad", "Khan, Ahmad"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436445", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has grown into a global pandemic that has strained healthcare throughout the world. There is a sense of urgency in finding a cure for this deadly virus. In this study, we reviewed the empiric options used in common practice for COVID-19, based on the literature available online, with an emphasis on human experiences with these treatments on severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-COV-1) and other viruses. Convalescent blood products are the most promising potential treatment for use in COVID-19. The use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), remdesivir, and tocilizumab are some of the other promising potential therapies; however, they are yet to be tested in randomized clinical trials (RCTs). The use of lopinavir-ritonavir did not prove beneficial in a large RCT. The use of corticosteroids should be avoided in COVID-19 pneumonia unless used for other indications, based on the suggestion of harm in patients with SARS-COV-1 and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) infection. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section."}, {"pmid": 32470110, "title": "The ethics of neuro-oncology in the era of COVID-19: Lessons to be learned.", "journal": "Neuro Oncol", "authors": ["Das, Sunit"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470110", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460926, "title": "Developing a guidance resource for managing delirium in patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Meagher, David", "Adamis, Dimitrios", "Timmons, Suzanne", "O'Regan, Niamh A", "O'Keeffe, Shaun", "Kennelly, Sean", "Corby, Catherine", "Meaney, Anna Maria", "Reynolds, Paul", "Mohamad, Mas", "Glynn, Kevin", "O'Sullivan, Roisin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460926", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the Covid-19 pandemic escalates worldwide it is apparent that many patients with more severe illness will also experience delirium. These patients pose a particular challenge in the application of optimal care due to issues with infectious risk, respiratory compromise and potential interactions between medications that can be used to manage delirium with antiviral and other treatments used for Covid-19. We describe a guidance resource adapted from existing guidelines for delirium management that has been tailored to the specific challenge of managing delirium in patients with Covid-19 infection. Issues around the assessment and treatment of these patients are examined and distilled into a simple (one-paged guidance resource that can assist clinicians in managing suspected delirium."}, {"pmid": 32268051, "title": "Optimisation of Vitamin D Status for Enhanced Immuno-protection Against Covid-19.", "journal": "Ir Med J", "authors": ["McCartney, D M", "Byrne, D G"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268051", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357553, "title": "Repurposing Antiviral Protease Inhibitors Using Extracellular Vesicles for Potential Therapy of COVID-19.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Kumar, Santosh", "Zhi, Kaining", "Mukherji, Ahona", "Gerth, Kelli"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357553", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020, Chinese health agencies reported an outbreak of a novel coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) which can lead to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The virus, which belongs to the coronavirus family (SARS-CoV-2), was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Full-length genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 showed 79.6% sequence identity to SARS-CoV, with 96% identity to a bat coronavirus at the whole-genome level. COVID-19 has caused over 133,000 deaths and there are over 2 million total confirmed cases as of April 15th, 2020. Current treatment plans are still under investigation due to a lack of understanding of COVID-19. One potential mechanism to slow disease progression is the use of antiviral drugs to either block the entry of the virus or interfere with viral replication and maturation. Currently, antiviral drugs, including chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, and lopinavir/ritonavir, have shown effective inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Due to the high dose needed and narrow therapeutic window, many patients are experiencing severe side effects with the above drugs. Hence, repurposing these drugs with a proper formulation is needed to improve the safety and efficacy for COVID-19 treatment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a family of natural carriers in the human body. They play a critical role in cell-to-cell communications. EVs can be used as unique drug carriers to deliver protease inhibitors to treat COVID-19. EVs may provide targeted delivery of protease inhibitors, with fewer systemic side effects. More importantly, EVs are eligible for major aseptic processing and can be upscaled for mass production. Currently, the FDA is facilitating applications to treat COVID-19, which provides a very good chance to use EVs to contribute in this combat."}, {"pmid": 32474479, "title": "Analysis of thin-section CT in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) after hospital discharge.", "journal": "J Xray Sci Technol", "authors": ["Wei, Jiangping", "Lei, Pinggui", "Yang, Hong", "Fan, Bing", "Qiu, Yingying", "Zeng, Bingliang", "Yu, Peng", "Lv, Jian", "Jian, Yinchao", "Wan, Chengfeng"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474479", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze clinical and thin-section computed tomographic (CT) data from the patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) to predict the development of pulmonary fibrosis after hospital discharge. Fifty-nine patients (31 males and 28 females ranging from 25 to 70 years old) with confirmed COVID-19 infection performed follow-up thin-section thorax CT. After 31.5\u00b17.9 days (range, 24 to 39 days) of hospital admission, the results of CT were analyzed for parenchymal abnormality (ground-glass opacification, interstitial thickening, and consolidation) and evidence of fibrosis (parenchymal band, traction bronchiectasis, and irregular interfaces). Patients were analyzed based on the evidence of fibrosis and divided into two groups namely, groups A and B (with and without CT evidence of fibrosis), respectively. Patient demographics, length of stay (LOS), rate of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, peak C-reactive protein level, and CT score were compared between the two groups. Among the 59 patients, 89.8% (53/59) had a typical transition from early phase to advanced phase and advanced phase to dissipating phase. Also, 39% (23/59) patients developed fibrosis (group A), whereas 61% (36/59) patients did not show definite fibrosis (group B). Patients in group A were older (mean age, 45.4\u00b116.9 vs. 33.8\u00b110.2 years) (P\u200a=\u200a0.001), with longer LOS (19.1\u00b15.2 vs. 15.0\u00b12.5 days) (P\u200a=\u200a0.001), higher rate of ICU admission (21.7% (5/23) vs. 5.6% (2/36)) (P\u200a=\u200a0.061), higher peak C-reactive protein level (30.7\u00b126.4 vs. 18.1\u00b117.9\u200amg/L) (P\u200a=\u200a0.041), and higher maximal CT score (5.2\u00b14.3 vs. 4.0\u00b12.2) (P\u200a=\u200a0.06) than those in group B. Pulmonary fibrosis may develop early in patients with COVID-19 after hospital discharge. Older patients with severe illness during treatment were more prone to develop fibrosis according to thin-section CT results."}, {"pmid": 32501876, "title": "Implications of COVID-19 for the busy gastroenterologist.", "journal": "Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Ferreira-Silva, Joel", "Peixoto, Armando", "Rodrigues-Pinto, Eduardo", "Macedo, Guilherme"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501876", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infection caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) originated in China in December 2020 and declared pandemic by WHO. This coronavirus mainly spreads through the respiratory tract and enters cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients include fever, cough, and fatigue. Gastrointestinal symptoms (diarrhea, anorexia, and vomiting) may be present in 50% of patients and may be associated with worst prognosis. Other risk factors are older age, male gender, and underlying chronic diseases. Mitigation measures are essential to reduce the number of people infected. Hospitals are a place of increased SARS-CoV-2 exposure. This has implications in the organization of healthcare services and specifically endoscopy departments. Patients and healthcare workers safety must be optimized in this new reality. Comprehension of COVID-19 gastrointestinal manifestations and implications of SARS-CoV-2 in the management of patients with gastrointestinal diseases, under or not immunosuppressant therapies, is essential. In this review, we summarized the latest research progress and major societies recommendations regarding the implications of COVID-19 in gastroenterology, namely the adaptations that gastroenterology/endoscopy departments and professionals must do in order to optimize the provided assistance, as well as the implications that this infection will have, in particularly vulnerable patients such as those with chronic liver disease and inflammatory bowel disease under or not immunosuppressant therapies."}, {"pmid": 32403261, "title": "Hand Sanitizers: A Review on Formulation Aspects, Adverse Effects, and Regulations.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Jing, Jane Lee Jia", "Pei Yi, Thong", "Bose, Rajendran J C", "McCarthy, Jason R", "Tharmalingam, Nagendran", "Madheswaran, Thiagarajan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403261", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hand hygiene is of utmost importance as it may be contaminated easily from direct contact with airborne microorganism droplets from coughs and sneezes. Particularly in situations like pandemic outbreak, it is crucial to interrupt the transmission chain of the virus by the practice of proper hand sanitization. It can be achieved with contact isolation and strict infection control tool like maintaining good hand hygiene in hospital settings and in public. The success of the hand sanitization solely depends on the use of effective hand disinfecting agents formulated in various types and forms such as antimicrobial soaps, water-based or alcohol-based hand sanitizer, with the latter being widely used in hospital settings. To date, most of the effective hand sanitizer products are alcohol-based formulations containing 62%-95% of alcohol as it can denature the proteins of microbes and the ability to inactivate viruses. This systematic review correlated with the data available in Pubmed, and it will investigate the range of available hand sanitizers and their effectiveness as well as the formulation aspects, adverse effects, and recommendations to enhance the formulation efficiency and safety. Further, this article highlights the efficacy of alcohol-based hand sanitizer against the coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32441935, "title": "A Reverse-Transcription Recombinase-Aided Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Anal Chem", "authors": ["Xue, Guanhua", "Li, Shaoli", "Zhang, Weiwei", "Du, Bing", "Cui, Jinghua", "Yan, Chao", "Huang, Lei", "Chen, Lu", "Zhao, Linqing", "Sun, Yu", "Li, Nannan", "Zhao, Hanqing", "Feng, Yanling", "Liu, Shiyu", "Zhang, Qun", "Xie, Xianghui", "Liu, Di", "Yao, Hailan", "Yuan, Jing"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441935", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was recently identified in patients with acute respiratory disease and spread quickly worldwide. A specific and rapid diagnostic method is important for early identification. The reverse-transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) assay is a rapid detection method for several pathogens. Assays were performed within 5-15\u2009min as a one-step single tube reaction at 39 \u00b0C. In this study, we established two RT-RAA assays for the S and orf1ab gene of SARS-CoV-2 using clinical specimens for validation. The analytical sensitivity of the RT-RAA assay was 10 copies for the S and one copy for the orf1ab gene per reaction. Cross-reactions were not observed with any of the other respiratory pathogens. A hundred percent agreement between the RT-RAA and real-time PCR assays was accomplished after testing 120 respiratory specimens. These results demonstrate that the proposed RT-RAA assay will be beneficial as it is a faster, more sensitive, and more specific tool for the detection of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32292205, "pmcid": "PMC7151366", "title": "[Distributions of time, place, and population of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from January 20 to February 10, 2020, in China].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Jin, Lairun", "Zhao, Ying", "Zhou, Jun", "Tao, Mengjun", "Yang, Yang", "Wang, Xingyu", "Ye, Pinkai", "Shan, Shajia", "Yuan, Hui"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292205", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, increasing cases of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are being detected worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to provide a scientific reference for the global prevention and control of COVID-19. General demographic characteristics, epidemiological history, and clinical symptoms of COVID-19\u00a0were collected that had been reported on the websites of multiple Municipal Health Commissions\u00a0in China. We herein describe distributions in time, place, and population of COVID-19. As of midnight on February 10, 2020, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19\u00a0in China was 42,638, and the province with the largest number of confirmed cases was Hubei (31728), followed by Guangdong (1177), Zhejiang (1117), and Henan (1105) province. The number of cases and the speed of confirmed cases in provinces other than Hubei were more moderate than those of the Hubei province. The median (interquartile range) age of patients with COVID-19\u00a0was 44 (33, 54) years, with a range of 10 months to 89 years. The COVID-19 epidemic should be considered a global threat and the steps for control include early diagnosis and treatment, as well as isolation."}, {"pmid": 32398804, "pmcid": "PMC7214859", "title": "Is aberrant CD8+ T cell activation by hypertension associated with cardiac injury in severe cases of COVID-19?", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Zhang, Chao", "Wang, Fu-Sheng", "Silvestre, Jean-Sebastien", "Arenzana-Seisdedos, Fernando", "Tang, Hong"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398804", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513558, "title": "The Importance of Physical Activity to Care for Frail Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Dir Assoc", "authors": ["Aubertin-Leheudre, Mylene", "Rolland, Yves"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513558", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501645, "title": "Why we should be avoiding periorificial mimetic muscles when injecting tissue fillers.", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Goodman, Greg J", "Al-Niaimi, Firas", "McDonald, Cara", "Ciconte, Antoinette", "Porter, Catherine"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501645", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tissue fillers are generally safe and well tolerated by patients. However, complications do occur, and may be very severe, such as intravascular injection (with occasional residual tissue loss, visual and neurological sequelae) and late nodularity and swelling. Methods to lessen the likelihood of complications have been the subject of much recent literature. Depth of injection has been identified as a key safety consideration. The role of injection of facial filler into the muscular layer of the face is explored in this article. Literature was explored using available search facilities to study the role of injections in or around this layer in the production of significant adverse reactions. A body of literature seems to suggest that injection into mimetic musculature of the face especially the musculature in the periorbital and perioral regions is prone to adverse reactions. Injection of agents into the perioral and periorbital mimetic muscular layer may produce, product clumping, displacement, tendency to late nodularity and swelling. It also risks intravascular injection as compared to injection of other layers of the face. Injection into the mimetic muscles especially the sphincteric muscles should be avoided to minimize the risk of complications."}, {"pmid": 32171055, "pmcid": "PMC7104043", "title": "Can Nigeria contain the COVID-19 outbreak using lessons from recent epidemics?", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Ebenso, Bassey", "Otu, Akaninyene"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171055", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489711, "pmcid": "PMC7220287", "title": "Comorbid Chronic Diseases are Strongly Correlated with Disease Severity among COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Aging Dis", "authors": ["Liu, Hong", "Chen, Shiyan", "Liu, Min", "Nie, Hao", "Lu, Hongyun"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489711", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide since December 2019. In order to explore the effects of comorbid chronic diseases on clinical outcomes of COVID-19, a search was conducted in PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, CDC, and NIH databases to April 25, 2020. A total of 24 peer-reviewed articles, including 10948 COVID-19 cases were selected. We found diabetes was present in 10.0%, coronary artery disease/cardiovascular disease (CAD/CVD) was in 8.0%, and hypertension was in 20.0%, which were much higher than that of chronic pulmonary disease (3.0%). Specifically, preexisting chronic conditions are strongly correlated with disease severity [Odds ratio (OR) 3.50, 95% CI 1.78 to 6.90], and being admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) (OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.67 to 6.76); in addition, compared to COVID-19 patients with no preexisting chronic diseases, COVID-19 patients who present with either diabetes, hypertension, CAD/CVD, or chronic pulmonary disease have a higher risk of developing severe disease, with an OR of 2.61 (95% CI 1.93 to 3.52), 2.84 (95% CI 2.22 to 3.63), 4.18 (95% CI 2.87 to 6.09) and 3.83 (95% CI 2.15 to 6.80), respectively. Surprisingly, we found no correlation between chronic conditions and increased risk of mortality (OR 2.09, 95% CI 0.26 to16.67). Taken together, cardio-metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension and CAD/CVD were more common than chronic pulmonary disease in COVID-19 patients, however, each comorbid disease was correlated with increased disease severity. After active treatment, increased risk of mortality in patients with preexisting chronic diseases may reduce."}, {"pmid": 32308571, "pmcid": "PMC7153526", "title": "The Unprecedented COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "J Nurse Pract", "authors": ["Thomas, Sophia L"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308571", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505811, "title": "Ensuring Sustainability of Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy in the Face of Extraordinary Demand: Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["Chua, Horng-Ruey", "Laren, Graeme Mac", "Choong, Lina Hui-Lin", "Chionh, Chang-Yin", "Khoo, Benjamin Zhi En", "Yeo, See-Cheng", "Sewa, Duu-Wen", "Ng, Shin-Yi", "Choo, Jason Chon-Jun", "Teo, Boon-Wee", "Tan, Han-Khim", "Siow, Wen-Ting", "Agrawal, Rohit", "Tan, Chieh-Suai", "Vathsala, Anantharaman", "Tagore, Rajat", "Seow, Terina Ying-Ying", "Khatri, Priyanka", "Hong, Wei-Zhen", "Kaushik, Manish"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505811", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the exponential surge in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients worldwide, the resources needed to provide continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) for patients with acute kidney injury or kidney failure may be threatened. This article summarizes subsisting strategies that can be implemented immediately. Pre-emptive weekly multi-center projections of CKRT demand based on evolving COVID-19 epidemiology and routine workload should be made. Corresponding consumables should be quantified and acquired, with diversification of sources from multiple vendors. Supply procurement should be stepped up accordingly, so that a several-week stock is amassed, with administrative oversight to prevent disproportionate hoarding by institutions. Consumption of CKRT resources can be made more efficient by optimizing circuit anticoagulation to preserve filters, extending use of each vascular access, lowering blood flows to reduce citrate consumption, moderating the CKRT intensity to conserve fluids, or running accelerated KRT at higher clearance to treat more patients per machine. If logistically feasible, earlier transition to intermittent hemodialysis with online generated dialysate, or urgent peritoneal dialysis in selected patients, may help reduce CKRT dependency. These measures, coupled to multi-center collaboration and a corresponding increase in trained medical and nursing staffing levels, may avoid downstream rationing of care and save lives during the peak of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32474580, "title": "Pharmacy services at a temporary COVID-19 hospital in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Wu, Jie", "Shen, Bingzheng", "Li, Dan", "Song, Wei", "Li, Jing", "Zhang, Mengke", "Liu, Gang", "Zhou, Benhong"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474580", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32506723, "title": "Pregnancy hypertension diagnosis and care in COVID-19 era and beyond.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Magee, L A", "Khalil, A", "von Dadelszen, P"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506723", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299750, "pmcid": "PMC7194869", "title": "Post-Discharge Cardiac Care in the Era of Coronavirus 2019: How Should We Prepare?", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Percy, Edward", "Luc, Jessica G Y", "Vervoort, Dominique", "Hirji, Sameer", "Ruel, Marc", "Coutinho, Thais"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299750", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic has placed intense pressure on health care organizations around the world. Among other concerns, there has been an increasing recognition of common and deleterious cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 based on preliminary studies. Furthermore, patients with preexisting cardiac disease are likely to experience a more severe disease course with COVID-19. As case numbers continue to increase exponentially, a surge in the number of patients with new or comorbid cardiovascular disease will translate into more frequent and, in some cases, prolonged rehabilitation needs after acute hospitalization. This report describes the current status of post-discharge cardiac care in Canada and provides suggestions regarding steps that policymakers and health care organizations can take to prepare for the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32458356, "pmcid": "PMC7248450", "title": "The potential long-term impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on patients with non-communicable diseases in Europe: consequences for healthy ageing.", "journal": "Aging Clin Exp Res", "authors": ["Palmer, Katie", "Monaco, Alessandro", "Kivipelto, Miia", "Onder, Graziano", "Maggi, Stefania", "Michel, Jean-Pierre", "Prieto, Rita", "Sykara, Georgia", "Donde, Shaantanu"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458356", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic have focused on containing SARS-CoV-2 infection and identifying treatment strategies. While controlling this communicable disease is of utmost importance, the long-term effect on individuals with non-communicable diseases (NCD) is significant. Although certain NCDs appear to increase the severity of COVID-19 and mortality risk, SARS-CoV-2 infection in survivors with NCDs may also affect the progression of their pre-existing clinical conditions. Infection containment measures will have substantial short- and long-term consequences; social distancing and quarantine restrictions will reduce physical activity and increase other unhealthy lifestyles, thus increasing NCD risk factors and worsening clinical symptoms. Vitamin D levels might decrease\u00a0and there might be a rise in mental health disorders. Many countries have made changes to routine management of NCD patients, e.g., cancelling non-urgent outpatient visits, which will have important implications for NCD management, diagnosis of new-onset NCDs, medication adherence, and NCD progression. We may have opportunities to learn from this unprecedented crisis on how to leverage healthcare technologies and improve procedures to optimize healthcare service provision. This article discusses how the COVID-19 outbreak and related infection control measures could hit the most frail individuals, worsening the condition of NCD patients, while further jeopardizing the sustainability of the healthcare systems. We suggest ways to define an integrated strategy that could involve both public institutional entities and the\u00a0private sector to safeguard frail individuals and mitigate the impact of the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32101683, "title": "Audio Interview: Preparing for the Spread of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32101683", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404210, "title": "Counselling Clients During New York City's Covid-19 Pandemic: Observations on fundamental elements of emotions management.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Sweeney, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404210", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313296, "pmcid": "PMC7165110", "title": "Identification of Potential Binders of the Main Protease 3CL(pro) of the COVID-19 via Structure-Based Ligand Design and Molecular Modeling.", "journal": "Chem Phys Lett", "authors": ["Macchiagodena, Marina", "Pagliai, Marco", "Procacci, Piero"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313296", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have applied a computational strategy, using a combination of virtual screening, docking and molecular dynamics techniques, aimed at identifying possible lead compounds for the non-covalent inhibition of the main protease 3CLpro of the SARS-CoV2 Coronavirus. Based on the X-ray structure (PDB code: 6LU7), ligands were generated using a multimodal structure-based design and then docked to the monomer in the active state. Docking calculations show that ligand-binding is strikingly similar in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2 main proteases. The most potent docked ligands are found to share a common binding pattern with aromatic moieties connected by rotatable bonds in a pseudo-linear arrangement."}, {"pmid": 32427334, "title": "Detection of Nucleocapsid Antibody to SARS-CoV-2 is More Sensitive than Antibody to Spike Protein in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Burbelo, Peter D", "Riedo, Francis X", "Morishima, Chihiro", "Rawlings, Stephen", "Smith, Davey", "Das, Sanchita", "Strich, Jeffrey R", "Chertow, Daniel S", "Davey, Richard T", "Cohen, Jeffrey I"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427334", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is associated with respiratory-related morbidity and mortality. Assays to detect virus-specific antibodies are important to understand the prevalence of infection and the course of the immune response. Quantitative measurements of plasma or serum antibodies by luciferase immunoprecipitation assay systems (LIPS) to the nucleocapsid and spike proteins were analyzed in 100 cross-sectional or longitudinal samples from SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. A subset of samples was tested with and without heat inactivation. Fifteen or more days after symptom onset, antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein showed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, while antibodies to spike protein were detected with 91% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Neither antibody levels nor the rate of seropositivity were significantly reduced by heat inactivation of samples. Analysis of daily samples from six patients with COVID-19 showed anti-nucleocapsid and spike antibodies appearing between day 8 and day 14 after initial symptoms. Immunocompromised patients generally had a delayed antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 compared to immunocompetent patients. Antibody to the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 is more sensitive than spike protein antibody for detecting early infection. Analyzing heat-inactivated samples by LIPS is a safe and sensitive method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies."}, {"pmid": 32388722, "pmcid": "PMC7210459", "title": "To mask or not to mask children to overcome COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Pediatr", "authors": ["Esposito, Susanna", "Principi, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388722", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been reported that asymptomatic people can transmit the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and become important sources of COVID-19. To reduce the role of asymptomatic or poorly symptomatic people in COVID-19, universal use of face masks in addition to hand hygiene and safety distance seems extremely useful. Consequently, preparing the healthy child to use face masks is strongly needed. To obtain maximal compliance, reasons for mask wearing without attempts of removing must be clearly explained. Moreover, child's will must not be forced.Conclusion: On the basis of clinical findings, we think that the universal use of facial masks seems necessary when people have to go out in their everyday lives. In addition to the availability of masks of different sizes capable of adapting perfectly to the face, it is necessary that the use of masks in children is preceded by a strong parental work and school lessons on this issue and other hygiene topics with the main aim to obtain child cooperation.What is Known:\u2022 Asymptomatic people can transmit and become important sources of COVID-19.\u2022 Asymptomatic cases are common also in pediatrics.What is New:\u2022 Universal use of face masks for success against COVID-19 seems necessary also in pediatric age when people have to go out in their everyday lives.\u2022 In addition to the availability of masks of different sizes capable of adapting perfectly to the face, it is necessary that the use of masks in children is preceded by a strong parental work and school lessons with the main aim to obtain child cooperation."}, {"pmid": 32493696, "title": "Covid-19: Review of ethnic disparities is labelled \"whitewash\" for lack of recommendations.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493696", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379268, "title": "The Equitable Distribution of COVID-19 Therapeutics and Vaccines.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Bollyky, Thomas J", "Gostin, Lawrence O", "Hamburg, Margaret A"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379268", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503892, "title": "Are we all in this together? Longitudinal assessment of cumulative adversities by socioeconomic position in the first 3 weeks of lockdown in the UK.", "journal": "J Epidemiol Community Health", "authors": ["Wright, Liam", "Steptoe, Andrew", "Fancourt, Daisy"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503892", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite media claims that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is uniting societies and countries in shared experience, there has been concern that the pandemic is in fact exposing and widening existing inequalities within societies. Data have shown these differences for cases and fatalities, but data on other types of adversities are lacking. Therefore, this study explored the changing patterns of adversity relating to the COVID-19 pandemic by socioeconomic position (SEP) during the early weeks of lockdown in the UK. Data were from 12\u00a0527 UK adults in the University College London COVID-19 Social Study (a panel study that involves online weekly data collection from participants during the COVID-19 pandemic). We analysed data collected from 25 March to 14 April 2020. The sample was well-stratified and weighted to population proportions of gender, age, ethnicity, education and country of living. We used Poisson and logit models to assess 10 different types of adverse experiences depending on an index of SEP over time. There was a clear gradient across the number of adverse events experienced each week by SEP. This was most clearly seen for adversities relating to finances (including loss of employment and cut in income) and basic needs (including access to food and medications) but less for experiences directly relating to the virus. Inequalities were maintained with no reductions in discrepancies between socioeconomic groups over time. There were clear inequalities in adverse experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic in the early weeks of lockdown in the UK. Results suggest that measures taken to try to reduce such adverse events did not go far enough in tackling inequality."}, {"pmid": 32433260, "title": "Where Have All the Fractures Gone? The Epidemiology of Pediatric Fractures During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Pediatr Orthop", "authors": ["Bram, Joshua T", "Johnson, Mitchell A", "Magee, Lacey C", "Mehta, Nishank N", "Fazal, Faris Z", "Baldwin, Keith D", "Riley, Jake", "Shah, Apurva S"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433260", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, public health measures to encourage social distancing have been implemented, including cancellation of school and organized sports. A resulting change in pediatric fracture epidemiology is expected. This study examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on fracture incidence and characteristics. This is a retrospective cohort study comparing acute fractures presenting to a single level I pediatric trauma hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic with fractures during a prepandemic period at the same institution. The \"pandemic\" cohort was gathered from March 15 to April 15, 2020 and compared with a \"prepandemic\" cohort from the same time window in 2018 and 2019. In total, 1745 patients presenting with acute fractures were included. There was a significant decrease in the incidence of fractures presenting to our practice during the pandemic (22.5\u00b19.1/d vs. 9.6\u00b15.1/d, P<0.001). The presenting age for all fractures decreased during the pandemic (7.5\u00b14.3 vs. 9.4\u00b14.4\u2009y, P<0.001) because of decreased fracture burden among adolescents. There were also a decrease in the number of fractures requiring surgery (2.2\u00b11.8/d vs. 0.8\u00b10.8/d, P<0.001). During the pandemic, there was an increase in the proportion of injuries occurring at home (57.8% vs. 32.5%, P<0.001) or on bicycles (18.3% vs. 8.2%, P<0.001), but a decrease in those related to sports (7.2% vs. 26.0%, P<0.001) or playgrounds (5.2% vs. 9.0%, P<0.001). There was no increase in time-to-presentation. Patients with distal radius torus fractures were more likely to receive a velcro splint during the pandemic (44.2% vs. 25.9%, P=0.010). Pediatric fracture volume has decreased 2.5-fold during the COVID-19 pandemic, partially because of cessation of organized sports and decreased playground use. In endemic regions, lower trauma volume may allow redeployment of orthopaedic surgeons and staff to other clinical arenas. Given the rising proportion of bicycling injuries, an emphasis on basic safety precautions could improve public health. An observed increase in the prescription of velcro splints for distal radius fractures highlights an opportunity for simplified patient care during the pandemic. Level III."}, {"pmid": 32479778, "pmcid": "PMC7256524", "title": "Managing a radiotherapy center safely and efficiently using risk-adaptive strategies during coronavirus disease pandemic: Experience from national cancer center of China.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Bi, Nan", "Yi, Junlin", "Dai, Jianrong", "Wang, Shulian", "Zhou, Zongmei", "Men, Kuo", "Jin, Jing", "Gao, Shugeng", "Li, Ye-Xiong", "He, Jie"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479778", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32161408, "pmcid": "PMC7096028", "title": "Lack of maternal-fetal SARS-CoV-2 transmission.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Stower, Hannah"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161408", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324331, "pmcid": "PMC7264495", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia in a kidney transplant recipient successfully treated with tocilizumab and hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Fontana, Francesco", "Alfano, Gaetano", "Mori, Giacomo", "Amurri, Alessio", "Tei, Lorenzo", "Ballestri, Marco", "Leonelli, Marco", "Facchini, Francesca", "Damiano, Francesca", "Magistroni, Riccardo", "Cappelli, Gianni"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324331", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia has been poorly reported in solid organ transplanted patients; prognosis is uncertain and best management unclear. We describe the case of a 61-year-old kidney transplant recipient with several comorbidities who was hospitalized and later received a diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia; the infection was successfully managed with the use of hydroxychloroquine and a single administration of tocilizumab, after immunosuppression reduction; the patient did not require mechanical ventilation. During the rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, transplant clinicians should be readily informed about new cases of COVID-19 pneumonia in solid organ transplant recipients, with focus on therapeutic strategies employed and their outcome."}, {"pmid": 32322036, "title": "Why the World Bank ex-chief is on a mission to end coronavirus transmission.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322036", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529963, "title": "Can lactoferrin boost human immunity against COVID-19?", "journal": "Pathog Glob Health", "authors": ["AlKhazindar, M", "Elnagdy, S M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529963", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312730, "title": "Covid-19: public health experts demand evidence behind UK's short self-isolation advice.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312730", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32182130, "pmcid": "PMC7147271", "title": "Be Prepared.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Ardati, Amer K", "Mena Lora, Alfredo J"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32182130", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203294, "title": "Fast, portable tests come online to curb coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "authors": ["Sheridan, Cormac"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203294", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485061, "title": "Incidence and Determinants of QT Interval Prolongation in COVID-19 Patients Treated with Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Maraj, Ilir", "Hummel, James P", "Taoutel, Roy", "Chamoun, Romy", "Workman, Virginia", "Li, Cindy", "Tran, Lydia", "DelVecchio, Alexander", "Howes, Christopher", "Akar, Joseph G"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485061", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Combined use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin was globally adopted, in part due to paucity and high cost of alternative therapies. However the utility of these medications has been questioned; and thus safety becomes a major concern given clinical equipoise regarding efficacy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32446015, "pmcid": "PMC7270925", "title": "The performance and professionalism of nurses in the fight against the new outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic is laudable.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Stud", "authors": ["Jiang, Li", "Broome, Marion E", "Ning, Chuanyi"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446015", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32088679, "title": "2019-nCoV (Wuhan virus), a novel Coronavirus: human-to-human transmission, travel-related cases, and vaccine readiness.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Ralph, Robyn", "Lew, Jocelyne", "Zeng, Tiansheng", "Francis, Magie", "Xue, Bei", "Roux, Melissa", "Toloue Ostadgavahi, Ali", "Rubino, Salvatore", "Dawe, Nicholas J", "Al-Ahdal, Mohammed N", "Kelvin, David J", "Richardson, Christopher D", "Kindrachuk, Jason", "Falzarano, Darryl", "Kelvin, Alyson Anne"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088679", "countries": ["Thailand", "Canada", "France", "Germany", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Japan", "Viet Nam", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December 2019 the Wuhan Health Commission reported a cluster of atypical pneumonia cases that was linked to a wet market in the city of Wuhan, China. The first patients began experiencing symptoms of illness in mid-December 2019. Clinical isolates were found to contain a novel coronavirus with similarity to bat coronaviruses. As of 28 January 2020, there are in excess of 4,500 laboratory-confirmed cases, with > 100 known deaths. As with the SARS-CoV, infections in children appear to be rare. Travel-related cases have been confirmed in multiple countries and regions outside mainland China including Germany, France, Thailand, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, Canada, and the United States, as well as Hong Kong and Taiwan. Domestically in China, the virus has also been noted in several cities and provinces with cases in all but one provinence. While zoonotic transmission appears to be the original source of infections, the most alarming development is that human-to-human transmission is now prevelant. Of particular concern is that many healthcare workers have been infected in the current epidemic. There are several critical clinical questions that need to be resolved, including how efficient is human-to-human transmission? What is the animal reservoir? Is there an intermediate animal reservoir? Do the vaccines generated to the SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV or their proteins offer protection against 2019-nCoV? We offer a research perspective on the next steps for the generation of vaccines. We also present data on the use of in silico docking in gaining insight into 2019-nCoV Spike-receptor binding to aid in therapeutic development. Diagnostic PCR protocols can be found at https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus/laboratory-diagnostics-for-novel-coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32474676, "pmcid": "PMC7261212", "title": "Statement from the North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging on imaging strategies to reduce the scarcity of healthcare resources during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Kicska, Gregory", "Litmanovich, Diana E", "Ordovas, Karen G", "Young, Phillip M", "Dennie, Carole", "Truong, Quynh A", "Abbara, Suhny", "Kirsch, Jacobo"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474676", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an evolving global pandemic that is predicted to strain healthcare resources at multiple locations throughout North America and the World. As of April 6, 2020, the apex of infection rates is predicted to occur within 1 to 5\u00a0weeks at various locations. Widespread reports of personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages, and healthcare worker exposure to disease have become commonplace. To mitigate this crisis, we are suggesting imaging strategies that aim to use the least PPE, require the smallest number of potential staff exposures, and streamlines utilization of imaging. They are broadly organized by (1) substituting a noninvasive diagnostic test in place of a semi-invasive or invasive diagnostic tests, and (2) consolidating diagnostic imaging."}, {"pmid": 32513951, "title": "COVID-19 infection: the China and Italy perspectives.", "journal": "Cell Death Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Jun", "Lu, Hongzhou", "Melino, Gerry", "Boccia, Stefania", "Piacentini, Mauro", "Ricciardi, Walter", "Wang, Ying", "Shi, Yufang", "Zhu, Tongyu"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513951", "countries": ["United States", "China", "Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. Since its first report in December 2019, despite great efforts made in almost every country worldwide, this disease continues to spread globally, especially in most parts of Europe, Iran, and the United States. Here, we update the recent understanding in clinical characteristics, diagnosis strategies, as well as clinical management of COVID-19 in China as compared to Italy, with the purpose to integrate the China experience with the global efforts to outline references for prevention, basic research, treatment as well as final control of the disease. Being the first two countries we feel appropriate to evaluate the evolution of the disease as well as the early result of the treatment, in order to offer a different baseline to other countries. It is also interesting to compare two countries, with a very significant difference in population, where the morbidity and mortality has been so different, and unrelated to the size of the country."}, {"pmid": 32478606, "title": "Underutilization of Healthcare for strokes during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Stroke", "authors": ["Onteddu, Sanjeeva R", "Nalleballe, Krishna", "Sharma, Rohan", "Brown, Aliza T"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478606", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32181302, "pmcid": "PMC7063124", "title": "Application of the ARIMA model on the COVID-2019 epidemic dataset.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Benvenuto, Domenico", "Giovanetti, Marta", "Vassallo, Lazzaro", "Angeletti, Silvia", "Ciccozzi, Massimo"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181302", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) has been recognized as a global threat, and several studies are being conducted using various mathematical models to predict the probable evolution of this epidemic. These mathematical models based on various factors and analyses are subject to potential bias. Here, we propose a simple econometric model that could be useful to predict the spread of COVID-2019. We performed Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model prediction on the Johns Hopkins epidemiological data to predict the epidemiological trend of the prevalence and incidence of COVID-2019. For further comparison or for future perspective, case definition and data collection have to be maintained in real time."}, {"pmid": 32224294, "pmcid": "PMC7146722", "title": "[Recommendations CCAFU on the management of cancers of the urogenital system during an epidemic with Coronavirus COVID-19].", "journal": "Prog Urol", "authors": ["Mejean, A", "Roupret, M", "Rozet, F", "Bensalah, K", "Murez, T", "Game, X", "Rebillard, X", "Mallet, R", "Faix, A", "Mongiat-Artus, P", "Fournier, G", "Neuzillet, Y"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224294", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The French population is facing the COVID-19\u00a0pandemic and the health system have been reoriented in emergency for the care of patients with coronavirus. The management of cancers of the urinary and male genital tracts must be adapted to this context. An expert opinion documented by a literature review was formulated by the Cancerology Committee of the French Association of Urology (CCAFU). The medical and surgical management of patients with any cancers of the urinary and male genital tracts must be adapted by modifying the consultation methods, by prioritizing interventions according to the intrinsic prognosis of cancers, taking into account the patient's comorbidities. The protection of urologists from COVID-19\u00a0must be considered. The CCAFU issues an expert opinion on the measure to be taken to adapt the management of cancers of the male urinary and genital tract to the context of pandemic by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32286118, "pmcid": "PMC7160791", "title": "COVID-19: fail to prepare, prepare to fail.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Abbasi, Kamran"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286118", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32105641, "pmcid": "PMC7128449", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia: what has CT taught us?", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lee, Elaine Y P", "Ng, Ming-Yen", "Khong, Pek-Lan"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105641", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420957, "title": "COVID-19: the end of lockdown what next?", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Castaldi, Silvana", "Romano, Luisa", "Pariani, Elena", "Garbelli, Claudio", "Biganzoli, Elia"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420957", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Corona Virus 19 (COVID 19) epidemic is an infectious disease which was declared as a pandemic and hit all the Countries, all over the world, from the beginning of the year 2020. In Italy the epidemic is particular serious with 169.325 confirmed cases and 21.551 deaths on 20.04.2020. To stop the contagion on March 8 and up to May 3, the Italian Government decided a lockdown for all the Country, the authors suggest how to manage the reopening and restarting of all the activities avoiding a restart of the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32381642, "title": "Understanding, verifying and implementing Emergency Use Authorization molecular diagnostics for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Mitchell, Stephanie L", "St George, Kirsten", "Rhoads, Daniel D", "Butler-Wu, Susan M", "Dharmarha, Vaishali", "McNult, Peggy", "Miller, Melissa B"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381642", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought a new wave of challenges to health care, particularly in the area of rapid diagnostic test development and implementation. Acute diagnosis of COVID-19 infection is critically dependent on detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from clinical specimens (e.g. nasopharyngeal swabs). While laboratory-developed testing for SARS-CoV-2 is an essential component of diagnostic testing for this virus, the majority of clinical microbiology laboratories are dependent on commercially available SARS-CoV-2 molecular assays. In contrast to assays approved or cleared by the Food and Drug Administration for in vitro diagnostic use, assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids have Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) from the FDA. Outside of highly specialized academic and commercial laboratory settings, clinical microbiology laboratories are likely unfamiliar with EUA classification and thus assay verification can be daunting. Further compounding anxiety for laboratories are major issues with supply chain that are dramatically affecting the availability of test reagents and requiring laboratories to implement multiple commercial EUA tests. Here, we describe guidance for the verification of assays with EUA for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid from clinical specimens."}, {"pmid": 32422364, "pmcid": "PMC7227539", "title": "Treatment Guidance for Patients With Lung Cancer During the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Dingemans, Anne-Marie C", "Soo, Ross A", "Jazieh, Abdul Rahman", "Rice, Shawn J", "Kim, Young Tae", "Teo, Lynette L S", "Warren, Graham W", "Xiao, Shu-Yuan", "Smit, Egbert F", "Aerts, Joachim G", "Yoon, Soon Ho", "Veronesi, Giulia", "De Cobelli, Francesco", "Ramalingam, Suresh S", "Garassino, Marina C", "Wynes, Murry W", "Behera, Madhusmita", "Haanen, John", "Lu, Shun", "Peters, Solange", "Ahn, Myung-Ju", "Scagliotti, Giorgio V", "Adjei, Alex A", "Belani, Chandra P"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422364", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic continues to escalate at a rapid pace inundating medical facilities and creating substantial challenges globally. The risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in patients with cancer seems to be higher, especially as they are more likely to present with an immunocompromised condition, either from cancer itself or from the treatments they receive. A major consideration in the delivery of cancer care during the pandemic is to balance the risk of patient exposure and infection with the need to provide effective cancer treatment. Many aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection currently remain poorly characterized and even less is known about the course of infection in the context of a patient with cancer. As SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious, the risk of infection directly affects the cancer patient being treated, other cancer patients in close proximity, and health care providers. Infection at any level for patients or providers can cause considerable disruption to even the most effective treatment plans. Lung cancer patients, especially those with reduced lung function and cardiopulmonary comorbidities are more likely to have increased risk and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 as one of its common manifestations is as an acute respiratory illness. The purpose of this manuscript is to present a practical multidisciplinary and international overview to assist in treatment for lung cancer patients during this pandemic, with the caveat that evidence is lacking in many areas. It is expected that firmer recommendations can be developed as more evidence becomes available."}, {"pmid": 32513678, "title": "'Do not resuscitate me in Barbados'.", "journal": "BMJ Support Palliat Care", "authors": ["Taubert, Mark"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513678", "countries": ["Barbados"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New ways of encouraging discussion and education around the topic of do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation (DNACPR) decisions in healthcare can prove challenging. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is still portrayed as an intervention that is successful even in people with multiple long-term conditions. In 2020, during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic, a letter from a palliative care doctor to his patient was read out as part of an online campaign entitled #ReadALetter, organised by the organisation Letters Live. The letter addresses misconceptions regarding DNACPR decisions and encourages thoughtful dialogue. In particular, it promotes an individualised approach for clinicians, and investigates one patient's journey: from initially rejecting the concept, to later on fully embracing it as part of his holistic care. A journey that took him to Barbados, amongst other places."}, {"pmid": 32403201, "pmcid": "PMC7273012", "title": "Increased severity of COVID-19 in people with obesity: are we overlooking plausible biological mechanisms?", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Tibirica, Eduardo", "De Lorenzo, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403201", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The relationship between obesity and more severe disease in patients with COVID-19 is intriguing. Recent articles published in Obesity (1-3) discuss the possible effects of increased proinflammatory cytokines and disturbances of lung function in people with obesity, but we believe that they overlook an important player in this scenario, which is endothelial dysfunction."}, {"pmid": 32422199, "pmcid": "PMC7228695", "title": "The UK hibernated pandemic influenza research portfolio: triggered for COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Simpson, Colin R", "Thomas, Benjamin D", "Challen, Kirsty", "De Angelis, Daniela", "Fragaszy, Ellen", "Goodacre, Steve", "Hayward, Andrew", "Lim, Wei Shen", "Rubin, G James", "Semple, Malcolm G", "Knight, Marian"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422199", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32052846, "pmcid": "PMC7074654", "title": "The reproductive number of COVID-19 is higher compared to SARS coronavirus.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Liu, Ying", "Gayle, Albert A", "Wilder-Smith, Annelies", "Rocklov, Joacim"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32052846", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286678, "title": "Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system: The potential role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cardiol J", "authors": ["Huang, Ziyin", "Jiang, Yufeng", "Chen, Jingjing", "Zhou, Yafeng"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286678", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which initially began in China, has spread to other countries of Asia, Europe, America, Africa and Oceania, with the number of confirmed cases and suspected cases increasing each day. According to recently published research, it was found that the majority of the severe cases were elderly, and many of them had at least one chronic disease, especially cardiovascular diseases. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ACEIs/ARBs) are the most widely used drugs for cardiovascular diseases. The clinical effect of ACEIs/ARBs on patients with COVID-19 is still uncertain. This paper describes their potential role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, which may provide useful in the advice of cardiologists and physicians."}, {"pmid": 32305269, "pmcid": "PMC7152921", "title": "Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19): A case series of early suspected cases reported and the implications towards the response to the pandemic in Zimbabwe.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Makurumidze, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305269", "countries": ["Zimbabwe"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Zimbabwe is among the countries that have been identified to be at risk of the COVID-19 pandemic. As of the 15th of March 2020, there was no confirmed case of the virus. Official reports of suspected cases were used to appraise the general screening, case management, and the emergency preparedness and response of the country towards the COVID-19 pandemic. In terms of the surveillance and capacity to screen at the ports of entry, the country seems to be faring well. The country might not be screening optimally, considering the number of COVID-19 tests conducted to date and the suspected cases who missed testing. Three of the suspected cases faced mental, social, and psychological consequences due to them being suspected cases of COVID-19. There is a need to enhance the screening process and infrastructure at all the ports of entry. More COVID-19 diagnostic tests should be procured to increase the testing capacity. Training and awareness on mental, social, and psychological consequences of COVID-19 should be offered to the health care workers and the general public. More financial resources should be sourced to enable the country control the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32472655, "title": "Cytokine storm in COVID-19 and parthenolide: preclinical evidence.", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Bahrami, Mohsen", "Kamalinejad, Mohammad", "Latifi, Seied Amirhossein", "Seif, Farhad", "Dadmehr, Majid"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472655", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A group of patients with pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were reported from China in December 2019. Although several antiviral drugs are widely tested, none of them has been approved as specific antiviral therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Accumulating evidence established a hyperinflammatory states or cytokine storm in COVID-19. Among these cytokines, IL-6 plays a key role in cytokine storm and can predict the adverse clinical outcomes and fatality in these patients. Based on the evidence of the significant role of IL-6 in cytokine storm, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases as principal comorbidities, it seems that anti-cytokine therapy may be useful in patients with severe COVID-19 to reduce mortality. Recent studies demonstrated that herbal-derived natural products had immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties and exhibited exceptional act on mediators of inflammation. Parthenolide is the principal sesquiterpene lactones and the main biologically active constituent Tanacetum parthenium (commonly known as feverfew) which has could significantly reduce IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-\u03b1 production pathways established in several human cell line models in vitro and in vivo studies. Therefore, parthenolide may be one of the herbal candidates for clinical evaluation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32319670, "title": "Telemedicine in neurosurgery during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Neurol Neurochir Pol", "authors": ["Szmuda, Tomasz", "Ali, Shan", "Sloniewski, Pawel", "Group, NSurg Wl"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319670", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525010, "title": "Thrombotic microangiopathy in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Jhaveri, Kenar D", "Meir, Lea R", "Flores Chang, Bessy Suyin", "Parikh, Rushang", "Wanchoo, Rimda", "Barilla-LaBarca, Marie Louise", "Bijol, Vanesa", "Hajizadeh, Negin"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525010", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393973, "pmcid": "PMC7239163", "title": "Management of Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis in a Pregnant Woman With COVID-19 Infection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Rosen, Melissa H", "Axelrad, Jordan", "Hudesman, David", "Rubin, David T", "Chang, Shannon"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393973", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "First detected in Wuhan, China, the novel 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an enveloped RNA beta-coronavirus responsible for an unprecedented, worldwide pandemic caused by COVID-19. Optimal management of immunosuppression in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with COVID-19 infection currently is based on expert opinion, given the novelty of the infection and the corresponding lack of high-level evidence in patients with immune-mediated conditions. There are limited data regarding IBD patients with COVID-19 and no data regarding early pregnancy in the era of COVID-19. This article describes a patient with acute severe ulcerative colitis (UC) during her first trimester of pregnancy who also has COVID-19. The case presentation is followed by a review of the literature to date on COVID-19 in regard to inflammatory bowel disease and pregnancy, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32321099, "pmcid": "PMC7182289", "title": "COVID-19 - Computed tomography findings in two patients in Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Muniz, Bernardo Carvalho", "Milito, Miguel Angelo", "Marchiori, Edson"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321099", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473945, "pmcid": "PMC7256555", "title": "COVID-19, hypercoagulation and what it could mean for patients with psychotic disorders.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Mongan, David", "Cannon, Mary", "Cotter, David R"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473945", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330112, "title": "Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Household Contacts of a Healthcare Provider, Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Luo, Yi", "Trevathan, Edwin", "Qian, Zhengmin", "Li, Yirong", "Li, Jin", "Xiao, Wei", "Tu, Ning", "Zeng, Zhikun", "Mo, Pingzheng", "Xiong, Yong", "Ye, Guangming"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330112", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We found that all 5 asymptomatic household contacts of a Wuhan, China, physician with coronavirus disease had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detected by PCR. The index patient and 2 contacts also had abnormal chest computed tomography scans. Asymptomatic infected household contacts of healthcare workers with coronavirus disease might be underrecognized."}, {"pmid": 32522717, "title": "\"Women and children last\"-effects of the covid-19 pandemic on reproductive, perinatal, and paediatric health.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["von Dadelszen, Peter", "Khalil, Asma", "Wolfe, Ingrid", "Kametas, Nikos A", "O'Brien, Patrick", "Magee, Laura A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522717", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376603, "pmcid": "PMC7202686", "title": "Rapid development of an inactivated vaccine candidate for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Gao, Qiang", "Bao, Linlin", "Mao, Haiyan", "Wang, Lin", "Xu, Kangwei", "Yang, Minnan", "Li, Yajing", "Zhu, Ling", "Wang, Nan", "Lv, Zhe", "Gao, Hong", "Ge, Xiaoqin", "Kan, Biao", "Hu, Yaling", "Liu, Jiangning", "Cai, Fang", "Jiang, Deyu", "Yin, Yanhui", "Qin, Chengfeng", "Li, Jing", "Gong, Xuejie", "Lou, Xiuyu", "Shi, Wen", "Wu, Dongdong", "Zhang, Hengming", "Zhu, Lang", "Deng, Wei", "Li, Yurong", "Lu, Jinxing", "Li, Changgui", "Wang, Xiangxi", "Yin, Weidong", "Zhang, Yanjun", "Qin, Chuan"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376603", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in an unprecedented public health crisis. There are currently no SARS-CoV-2-specific treatments or vaccines available due to the novelty of the virus. Hence, rapid development of effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed. Here we developed a pilot-scale production of a purified inactivated SARS-CoV-2 virus vaccine candidate (PiCoVacc), which induced SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies in mice, rats and non-human primates. These antibodies neutralized 10 representative SARS-CoV-2 strains, suggesting a possible broader neutralizing ability against SARS-CoV-2 strains. Three immunizations using two different doses (3 \u03bcg or 6 \u03bcg per dose) provided partial or complete protection in macaques against SARS-CoV-2 challenge, respectively, without observable antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. These data support clinical development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for humans."}, {"pmid": 32526461, "title": "A framework for identifying and mitigating the equity harms of COVID-19 policy interventions.", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Glover, Rebecca E", "van Schalkwyk, May Ci", "Akl, Elie A", "Kristjannson, Elizabeth", "Lotfi, Tamara", "Petkovic, Jennifer", "Petticrew, Mark P", "Pottie, Kevin", "Tugwell, Peter", "Welch, Vivian"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526461", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic. Governments have implemented combinations of 'lockdown' measures of various stringencies, including school and workplace closures, cancellations of public events, and restrictions on internal and external movements. These policy interventions are an attempt to shield high risk individuals and to prevent overwhelming countries' healthcare systems, or, colloquially, 'flatten the curve'. However, these policy interventions may come with physical and psychological health harms, group and social harms, and opportunity costs. These policies may particularly affect vulnerable populations and not only exacerbate pre-existing inequities, but also generate new ones. We developed a conceptual framework to identify and categorise adverse effects of COVID-19 lockdown measures. We based our framework on Lorenc and Oliver's framework for the adverse effects of public health interventions and the PROGRESS-Plus equity framework. To test its application we purposively sampled COVID-19 policy examples from around the world and evaluated them for the potential physical, psychological, and social harms, as well as opportunity costs, in each of the PROGRESS-Plus equity domains: Place of residence, Race/ethnicity, Occupation, Gender/sex, Religion, Education, Socioeconomic status, Social capital, Plus (age, and disability). We found examples of inequitably distributed adverse effects for each COVID-19 lockdown policy example, stratified by LMIC and HIC, in every PROGRESS-Plus equity domain. We identified known policy interventions intended to mitigate some of these adverse effects. The same harms (anxiety; depression; food insecurity; loneliness; stigma; violence) appear to be repeated across many groups, and are exacerbated by several COVID-19 policy interventions. Our conceptual framework highlights the fact that COVID-19 policy interventions can generate or exacerbate interactive and multiplicative equity harms. Applying this framework can help in three ways: (1) identifying areas where a policy intervention may generate inequitable adverse effects; (2) mitigating policy and practice interventions by facilitating the systematic examination of relevant evidence; and (3) planning for lifting COVID-19 lockdowns and policy interventions around the world."}, {"pmid": 32210483, "pmcid": "PMC7071545", "title": "The Battle Against COVID-19: Where Do We Stand Now?", "journal": "Iran J Med Sci", "authors": ["Negahdaripour, Manica"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210483", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500404, "pmcid": "PMC7272235", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and dentistry.", "journal": "Clin Oral Investig", "authors": ["Ortega, Karem L", "Rodrigues de Camargo, Alessandra", "Bertoldi Franco, Juliana", "Mano Azul, Antonio", "Perez Sayans, Mario", "Braz Silva, Paulo Henrique"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500404", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385664, "pmcid": "PMC7209764", "title": "COVID-19 Digestive Symptoms Mimicking Internal Hernia Presentation After Roux-en-Y-Gastric Bypass; Comment on \"Internal Hernia in the Times of COVID-19: to Laparoscope or Not to Laparoscope?\"", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Betton, Louis", "Benchetrit, Deborah", "Aron-Wisnewsky, Judith", "Oppert, Jean-Michel", "Torcivia, Adriana", "Vaillant, Jean-Christophe", "Genser, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385664", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360439, "pmcid": "PMC7187846", "title": "COVID-19 presenting as stroke.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Avula, Akshay", "Nalleballe, Krishna", "Narula, Naureen", "Sapozhnikov, Steven", "Dandu, Vasuki", "Toom, Sudhamshi", "Glaser, Allison", "Elsayegh, Dany"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360439", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute stroke remains a medical emergency even during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most patients with COVID-19 present with constitutional and respiratory symptoms, some patients present with atypical symptoms including gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, or neurological symptoms. Here we present a series of four COVID-19 patients with acute stroke as a presenting symptom. We searched the hospital databases for patients presenting with acute strokes and suspected COVID-19 features. All patients that had imaging confirmed strokes and PCR confirmed COVID-19 were included in the study. Patients admitted to the hospital with PCR confirmed COVID-19 disease whose hospital course was complicated with acute stroke while inpatient were excluded from the study. Retrospective patient data were obtained from electronic medical records. Informed consent was obtained. We identified four patients presenting with imaging confirmed acute strokes and PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. We elucidate the clinical characteristics, imaging findings, and the clinical course. Timely assessment and hyperacute treatment is the key to minimize mortality and morbidity of patients with acute stroke. Stroke teams should be wary of the fact that COVID-19 patients can present with cerebrovascular accidents and dawn appropriate personal protective equipment in every suspected patient. Further studies are urgently needed for a comprehensive understanding of the neurological pathology of COVID-19 and its effects on the nervous system."}, {"pmid": 32356627, "pmcid": "PMC7206933", "title": "Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockers and the Risk of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Mancia, Giuseppe", "Rea, Federico", "Ludergnani, Monica", "Apolone, Giovanni", "Corrao, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356627", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A potential association between the use of angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has not been well studied. We carried out a population-based case-control study in the Lombardy region of Italy. A total of 6272 case patients in whom infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was confirmed between February 21 and March 11, 2020, were matched to 30,759 beneficiaries of the Regional Health Service (controls) according to sex, age, and municipality of residence. Information about the use of selected drugs and patients' clinical profiles was obtained from regional databases of health care use. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations between drugs and infection, with adjustment for confounders, were estimated by means of logistic regression. Among both case patients and controls, the mean (\u00b1SD) age was 68\u00b113 years, and 37% were women. The use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs was more common among case patients than among controls, as was the use of other antihypertensive and non-antihypertensive drugs, and case patients had a worse clinical profile. Use of ARBs or ACE inhibitors did not show any association with Covid-19 among case patients overall (adjusted odds ratio, 0.95 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.86 to 1.05] for ARBs and 0.96 [95% CI, 0.87 to 1.07] for ACE inhibitors) or among patients who had a severe or fatal course of the disease (adjusted odds ratio, 0.83 [95% CI, 0.63 to 1.10] for ARBs and 0.91 [95% CI, 0.69 to 1.21] for ACE inhibitors), and no association between these variables was found according to sex. In this large, population-based study, the use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs was more frequent among patients with Covid-19 than among controls because of their higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease. However, there was no evidence that ACE inhibitors or ARBs affected the risk of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32488910, "title": "Acro-ischemia and COVID-19 infection: clinical and histopathological features.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Calvao, J", "Relvas, M", "Pinho, A", "Brinca, A", "Cardoso, J C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488910", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the COVID-19 pandemic we are facing a changing world. This new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) poses new challenges to dermatologists too. Some of us are in the field, others are describing skin aspects related to this infection, either directly or indirectly caused (e.g: dermatoses resulting from prolonged contact with personal protective equipment and excessive personal hygiene). Still, cutaneous manifestations are uncommonly reported and the majority has no clinical or histological pictures."}, {"pmid": 32502685, "pmcid": "PMC7255329", "title": "Risk of COVID-19 pneumonia in aquatic mammals.", "journal": "Environ Res", "authors": ["Nabi, Ghulam", "Khan, Suliman"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502685", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474860, "pmcid": "PMC7260450", "title": "Potential of Arbidol for Post-exposure Prophylaxis of COVID-19 Transmission-A Preliminary Report of a Retrospective Cohort Study.", "journal": "Curr Med Sci", "authors": ["Zhang, Jin-Nong", "Wang, Wen-Jing", "Peng, Bo", "Peng, Wei", "Zhang, Yi-Sheng", "Wang, Ya-Ling", "Wan, Yan", "Chang, Jiang", "Mao, Ling", "Miao, Xiao-Ping", "Li, Ya-Nan", "Zhou, Yi-Fan", "Hu, Bo"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474860", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The efficient transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) from patients to health care workers or family members has been a worrisome and prominent feature of the ongoing outbreak. On the basis of clinical practice and in-vitro studies, we postulated that post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) using Arbidol is associated with decreased infection among individuals exposed to confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection. We conducted a retrospective cohort study on family members and health care workers who were exposed to patients confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time RT-PCR and chest computed tomography (CT) from January 1 to January 16, 2020. The last follow-up date was Feb. 26, 2020. The emergence of fever and/or respiratory symptoms after exposure to the primary case was collected. The correlations between post-exposure prophylaxis and infection in household contacts and health care workers were respectively analyzed. A total of 66 members in 27 families and 124 health care workers had evidence of close exposure to patients with confirmed COVID-19. The Cox regression based on the data of the family members and health care workers with Arbidol or not showed that Arbidol PEP was a protective factor against the development of COVID-19 (HR 0.025, 95% CI 0.003-0.209, P=0.0006 for family members and HR 0.056, 95% CI 0.005-0.662, P=0.0221 for health care workers). Our findings suggest Arbidol could reduce the infection risk of the novel coronavirus in hospital and family settings. This treatment should be promoted for PEP use and should be the subject of further investigation."}, {"pmid": 32418736, "pmcid": "PMC7211570", "title": "Why are women better protected from COVID-19: Clues for men? Sex and COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Elgendy, Islam Y", "Pepine, Carl J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418736", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330534, "pmcid": "PMC7172818", "title": "Considerations for Scaling Down Fetal Echocardiography During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Cardinal, Mikhail-Paul", "Poder, Thomas G", "Roy-Lacroix, Marie-Eve", "Cavalle-Garrido, Tiscar", "Vaujois, Laurence", "Dallaire, Frederic"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330534", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510244, "title": "Status of a real-life cohort of patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis treated with secukinumab and considerations on the use of biological agents in the Covid-19 era.", "journal": "Expert Opin Biol Ther", "authors": ["Galluzzo, Marco", "Tofani, Lorenzo", "Bianchi, Luca", "Talamonti, Marina"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510244", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384078, "pmcid": "PMC7239492", "title": "Clinical findings of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Jiangsu province, China: A retrospective, multi-center study.", "journal": "PLoS Negl Trop Dis", "authors": ["Huang, Rui", "Zhu, Li", "Xue, Leyang", "Liu, Longgen", "Yan, Xuebing", "Wang, Jian", "Zhang, Biao", "Xu, Tianmin", "Ji, Fang", "Zhao, Yun", "Cheng, Juan", "Wang, Yinling", "Shao, Huaping", "Hong, Shuqin", "Cao, Qi", "Li, Chunyang", "Zhao, Xiang-An", "Zou, Lei", "Sang, Dawen", "Zhao, Haiyan", "Guan, Xinying", "Chen, Xiaobing", "Shan, Chun", "Xia, Juan", "Chen, Yuxin", "Yan, Xiaomin", "Wei, Jie", "Zhu, Chuanwu", "Wu, Chao"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384078", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Limited data are available for clinical characteristics of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outside Wuhan. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and identify the risk factors for severe illness of COVID-19 in Jiangsu province, China. Clinical data of hospitalized COVID-19 patients were retrospectively collected in 8 hospitals from 8 cities of Jiangsu province, China. Clinical findings of COVID-19 patients were described and risk factors for severe illness of COVID-19 were analyzed. By Feb 10, 2020, 202 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. The median age of patients was 44.0 years (interquartile range, 33.0-54.0). 55 (27.2%) patients had comorbidities. At the onset of illness, the common symptoms were fever (156 [77.2%]) and cough (120 [59.4%]). 66 (32.7%) patients had lymphopenia. 193 (95.5%) patients had abnormal radiological findings. 11 (5.4%) patients were admitted to the intensive care unit and none of the patients died. 23 (11.4%) patients had severe illness. Severe illness of COVID-19 was independently associated with body mass index (BMI) \u2265 28 kg/m2 (odds ratio [OR], 9.219; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.731 to 31.126; P<0.001) and a known history of type 2 diabetes (OR, 4.326; 95% CI, 1.059 to 17.668; P = 0.041). In this case series in Jiangsu Province, COVID-19 patients had less severe symptoms and had better outcomes than the initial COVID-19 patients in Wuhan. The BMI \u2265 28 kg/m2 and a known history of type 2 diabetes were independent risk factors of severe illness in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32333969, "pmcid": "PMC7175913", "title": "Response to COVID-19 and diabetes: Can DPP4 inhibition play a role? - GLP-1 might play one too.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Morin, Nathaniel"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333969", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413176, "title": "The emergence of methemoglobinemia amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Naymagon, Leonard", "Berwick, Shana", "Kessler, Alaina", "Lancman, Guido", "Gidwani, Umesh", "Troy, Kevin"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413176", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369103, "pmcid": "PMC7239226", "title": "Sacubitril/valsartan in COVID-19 patients: the need for trials.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Acanfora, Domenico", "Ciccone, Marco Matteo", "Scicchitano, Pietro", "Acanfora, Chiara", "Casucci, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369103", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534206, "title": "Leptomeningeal involvement in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus infecting by COVID-19.", "journal": "Joint Bone Spine", "authors": ["Guven, Fadime", "Ogul, Hayri", "Turgut, Asli", "Tezcan, Alperen", "Kantarci, Mecit"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534206", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516847, "title": "Successful implementation of preventive measures leads to low relevance of SARS-CoV-2 in liver transplant patients: Observations from a German outpatient department.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ossami Saidy, Ramin Raul", "Globke, Brigitta", "Pratschke, Johann", "Schoening, Wenzel", "Eurich, Dennis"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516847", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Immunosuppressed liver transplant (LT) patients are considered to be at high risk for any kind of infection. What the outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) means for the transplant cohort is a question that, as of now, cannot easily be answered. Data on prevalence, relevance of the novel virus and clinical course of the infection in stable LT patients are limited. Nasopharyngeal swabs were performed in our outpatient department during the shutdown between March and April 2020 in Germany. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 was 3%. Three out of a cohort of 101 LT-patients were asymptomatic for respiratory diseases. Respiratory complaints were common and not associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The overall monthly mortality rate was 0,22% and did not show alterations during the shutdown in Germany. If preventive measures are applied, LT-patients do not seem to be at a higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Telemedicine in the outpatient setting may help to maintain distance and to reduce direct patient contact. However, standard of care must be guaranteed for patients with relevant comorbidities in spite of pandemics, because complications may arise from preexisting conditions."}, {"pmid": 32427203, "pmcid": "PMC7231487", "title": "Covid-19: Containment exit.", "journal": "Bull Acad Natl Med", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427203", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518817, "pmcid": "PMC7272884", "title": "Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterizations of Novel Norcantharimides, Their ADME Properties and Docking Studies Against COVID-19 M(pr) degrees .", "journal": "ChemistrySelect", "authors": ["Ozkan, Hamdi", "Adem, Sevki"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518817", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A series of novel Norcantharimide derivatives were synthesized and their structures were characterized by FTIR, 1H and 13C\u2009NMR spectroscopy as well as elemental analyses. The absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) properties of the synthesized molecules were investigated. The results obtained in silico demonstrated that these molecules can be considered as orally active drug candidates due to their physicochemical properties. Also, docking studies demonstrated that all derivatives exhibit a good theoretical affinity with MolDock Score in between 124-138 against the main protease of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19 Mpr\u00b0) that caused worldwide epidemics. We believe that newly synthesized norcantharimide derivatives can guide many future studies in organic synthesis, medicine and pharmaceutical applications."}, {"pmid": 32080990, "pmcid": "PMC7036342", "title": "Virus Isolation from the First Patient with SARS-CoV-2 in Korea.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Park, Wan Beom", "Kwon, Nak Jung", "Choi, Su Jin", "Kang, Chang Kyung", "Choe, Pyoeng Gyun", "Kim, Jin Yong", "Yun, Jiyoung", "Lee, Gir Won", "Seong, Moon Woo", "Kim, Nam Joong", "Seo, Jeong Sun", "Oh, Myoung Don"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32080990", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is found to cause a large outbreak started from Wuhan since December 2019 in China and SARS-CoV-2 infections have been reported with epidemiological linkage to China in 25 countries until now. We isolated SARS-CoV-2 from the oropharyngeal sample obtained from the patient with the first laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in Korea. Cytopathic effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the Vero cell cultures were confluent 3 days after the first blind passage of the sample. Coronavirus was confirmed with spherical particle having a fringe reminiscent of crown on transmission electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analyses of whole genome sequences showed that it clustered with other SARS-CoV-2 reported from Wuhan."}, {"pmid": 32354735, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors should not face investigation for refusing to see patients over lack of PPE, says indemnifier.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354735", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425313, "pmcid": "PMC7227509", "title": "ECONOMIC RECESSION FROM THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC SIGNALS RECRUITING DIFFICULTY AHEAD FOR RADIOLOGY RESIDENCY PROGRAMS.", "journal": "Curr Probl Diagn Radiol", "authors": ["Heitkamp, Darel E", "Gupta, Yasha", "Patel, Tirath Y"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425313", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266184, "pmcid": "PMC7098456", "title": "Infants Born to Mothers With a New Coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Front Pediatr", "authors": ["Chen, Yan", "Peng, Hua", "Wang, Lin", "Zhao, Yin", "Zeng, Lingkong", "Gao, Hui", "Liu, Yalan"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266184", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel viral respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is responsible for an epidemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in cases in China and worldwide. Four full-term, singleton infants were born to pregnant women who tested positive for COVID-19 in the city of Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province, China, where the disease was first identified. Of the three infants, for who consent to be diagnostically tested was provided, none tested positive for the virus. None of the infants developed serious clinical symptoms such as fever, cough, diarrhea, or abnormal radiologic or hematologic evidence, and all four infants were alive at the time of hospital discharge. Two infants had rashes of unknown etiology at birth, and one had facial ulcerations. One infant had tachypnea and was supported by non-invasive mechanical ventilation for 3 days. One had rashes at birth but was discharged without parental consent for a diagnostic test. This case report describes the clinical course of four live born infants, born to pregnant women with the COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32320062, "pmcid": "PMC7264652", "title": "Infection risk in a gastroenterological ward during a nosocomial COVID-19 infection event.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Hara, Tasuku", "Yamamoto, Chie", "Sawada, Ryo", "Ohara, Tomoya", "Oka, Kohei", "Iwai, Naoto", "Inada, Yutaka", "Tsuji, Toshifumi", "Okuda, Takashi", "Komaki, Toshiyuki", "Kagawa, Keizo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320062", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) first emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and rapidly infected a large number of individuals, and disease clusters have spread worldwide. A case of presumably nosocomial COVID-19 was detected in the gastroenterological ward; however, appropriate precautions against contact and droplet prevented a subsequent infection cluster. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32510329, "title": "A Global Immunological Observatory to meet a time of pandemics.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Mina, Michael J", "Metcalf, C Jessica E", "McDermott, Adrian B", "Douek, Daniel C", "Farrar, Jeremy", "Grenfell, Bryan T"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510329", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 presents an unprecedented international challenge, but it will not be the last such threat. Here, we argue that the world needs to be much better prepared to rapidly detect, define and defeat future pandemics. We propose that a Global Immunological Observatory and associated developments in systems immunology, therapeutics and vaccine design should be at the heart of this enterprise."}, {"pmid": 32530130, "title": "An unilateral purpuric rash in a patient with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Karaca, Z", "Yayli, S", "Caliskan, O"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530130", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240719, "pmcid": "PMC7195369", "title": "No evidence of rapid antiviral clearance or clinical benefit with the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in patients with severe COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Molina, J M", "Delaugerre, C", "Le Goff, J", "Mela-Lima, B", "Ponscarme, D", "Goldwirt, L", "de Castro, N"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240719", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528613, "pmcid": "PMC7266479", "title": "Public trust in the time of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): the case of the DR Congo.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Whembolua, Guy-Lucien", "Tshiswaka, Daudet Ilunga"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528613", "countries": ["Congo"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over the past half century, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a low-income and post-conflict country, has experienced several Ebola Virus Disease outbreaks, with different fatality rates. The DRC is currently experiencing the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Using the PEN-3 cultural model, we assessed the socio-cultural factors affecting public trust in the government and its health agencies. Results of this analysis revealed the perceptions, enablers, and nurturers that impacted public trust in the government and its health agencies among the Congolese population. Future interventions designed to address the COVID-19 in the DRC should account for these socio-cultural factors."}, {"pmid": 32267912, "pmcid": "PMC7147341", "title": "Chest Computed Tomography for Detection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Don't Rush the Science.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Hope, Michael D", "Raptis, Constantine A", "Henry, Travis S"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267912", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342098, "pmcid": "PMC7197538", "title": "Case Report of a SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis on Tofacitinib.", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Jacobs, Jeffrey", "Clark-Snustad, Kindra", "Lee, Scott"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342098", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32228738, "pmcid": "PMC7156566", "title": "Mortality Rate of Infection With COVID-19 in Korea From the Perspective of Underlying Disease.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Kang, Yun-Jung"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228738", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019 the China National Health Commission (NHC) reported that an unknown cause of pneumonia had been detected in Wuhan in Hubei province. On February 12, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was given a formal name, COVID-19. On January 20, 2020, the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Korea. The age-specific death rate was the highest among patients over 70 years of age, with underlying diseases in their circulatory system, such as myocardial infarction, cerebral infraction, arrythmia, and hypertension. Patients with underlying disease who are 70 years of age or older should recognize that there is a high possibility of developing a serious disease in case of viral infection and follow strict precautions."}, {"pmid": 32515987, "title": "When the Dust Settles: Preventing a Mental Health Crisis in COVID-19 Clinicians.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Kiser, Stephanie B", "Bernacki, Rachelle E"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515987", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333285, "pmcid": "PMC7181108", "title": "Consensus recommendations for the care of children receiving chronic dialysis in association with the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Nephrol", "authors": ["Shen, Qian", "Wang, Mo", "Che, Ruochen", "Li, Qiu", "Zhou, Jianhua", "Wang, Fang", "Shen, Ying", "Ding, Jie", "Huang, Songming", "Yap, Hui-Kim", "Warady, Bradley A", "Xu, Hong", "Zhang, Aihua"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333285", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread not only in China but throughout the world. Children with kidney failure (chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5) are at significant risk for COVID-19. In turn, a set of recommendations for the prevention and control of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and COVID-19 in pediatric hemodialysis (HD) centers and in home peritoneal dialysis (PD) settings have been proposed. The recommendations are based on the epidemiological features of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and COVID-19 disease, susceptibility factors, and preventive and control strategies. These recommendations will be updated as new information regarding SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 becomes available."}, {"pmid": 32312362, "title": "[Recommendations on the identification and transfer of children with critical diabetes during the COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312362", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most serious public health problem in China. Children with diabetes are also among the population susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Traffic problems caused by epidemic prevention and control increase the difficulty in the management of children with severe diabetes. In order to control the spread of epidemic, children with mild diabetes are advised to be managed at home and in the community. However, how to treat children with severe diabetes effectively and safely during the outbreak of COVID-19 brings great challenges to primary doctors. The Subspecialty Group of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association and the Subspecialty Group of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Doctor Association have developed the recommendations on the identification and transfer of children with critical diabetes during the COVID-19 outbreak, which provide a reference for primary doctors to quickly assess the severity of patient's condition and treat the illness accordingly, thus reducing the risk of referral infection and improving clinical prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32467196, "pmcid": "PMC7241904", "title": "Religious cliche and COVID-19 management: a barrier for physicians.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Iqbal, Qaiser", "Tareen, Abdul Malik", "Saleem, Fahad"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467196", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526661, "title": "Endovascular simulation as a supplemental training tool during the COVID-19 national emergency.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Kesselman, Andrew", "Lamparello, Nicole A", "Malhotra, Anuj", "Winokur, Ronald S", "Pua, Bradley B"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526661", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID pandemic raises many concerns as our healthcare system is pushed to its limits and as a consequence, Interventional Radiology training may be compromised. Endovascular simulators allow trainees many benefits to build and maintain endovascular skills in a safe environment. Our experience demonstrates a methodology to maintain IR training with use of didactic and simulation supplementation during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may be helpful for incorporation at other institutions facing similar challenges."}, {"pmid": 32165562, "title": "Genome analyses help track coronavirus' moves.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Kupferschmidt, Kai"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165562", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495913, "title": "Severe acute dried gangrene in COVID-19 infection: a case report.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Novara, E", "Molinaro, E", "Benedetti, I", "Bonometti, R", "Lauritano, E C", "Boverio, R"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495913", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related coagulopathy may be the first clinical manifestation even in non-vasculopathic patients and is often associated with worse clinical outcomes. A 78 years old woman was admitted to the Emergency Unit with respiratory symptoms, confusion and cyanosis at the extremity, in particular at the nose area, hands and feet fingers. A nasal swab for COVID-19 was performed, which resulted positive, and so therapy with doxycycline, hydroxychloroquine and antiviral agents was started. At admission, the patient was hemodynamically unstable requiring circulatory support with liquids and norepinephrine; laboratory tests showed disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). During hospitalization, the clinical condition worsened and the cyanosis of the nose, fingers, and toes rapidly increased and became dried gangrene in three days. Subsequently, the neurological state deteriorated into a coma and the patient died. In severe cases, COVID-19 could be complicated by acute respiratory disease syndrome, septic shock, and multi-organ failure. This case report shows the quick development of dried gangrene in a non-vasculopathic patient, as a consequence of COVID-19's coagulopathy and DIC. In our patient, COVID-19 related coagulopathy was associated with poor prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32334406, "pmcid": "PMC7166027", "title": "A crisis for elderly with mental disorders: Relapse of symptoms due to heightened anxiety due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Mehra, Aseem", "Rani, Seema", "Sahoo, Swapnajeet", "Parveen, Shaheena", "Singh, Ajay Pal", "Chakrabarti, Subho", "Grover, Sandeep"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334406", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414982, "title": "Could vets manage Covid-19 better?", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Brown, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414982", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292867, "pmcid": "PMC7142700", "title": "Collapsing Glomerulopathy in a Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Kidney Int Rep", "authors": ["Larsen, Christopher P", "Bourne, Thomas D", "Wilson, Jon D", "Saqqa, Osaid", "Sharshir, Moh'd A"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292867", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524794, "title": "Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum in a Patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia and the Possible Underlying Mechanism.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Lei, Pinggui", "Mao, Jujiang", "Wang, Pingxian"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524794", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436251, "title": "Triage tool for the rationing of blood for massively bleeding patients during a severe national blood shortage: guidance from the National Blood Transfusion Committee.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Doughty, Heidi", "Green, Laura", "Callum, Jeannie", "Murphy, Michael F"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436251", "countries": ["Canada", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed healthcare resources worldwide, and for transfusion services this could potentially result in rapid imbalance between supply and demand due to a severe shortage of blood donors. This may result in insufficient blood components to meet every patient's needs resulting in difficult decisions about which patients with major bleeding do and do not receive active transfusion support. This document, which was prepared on behalf of the National Blood Transfusion Committee in England, provides a framework and triage tool to guide the allocation of blood for patients with massive haemorrhage during severe blood shortage. Its goal is to provide blood transfusions in an ethical, fair, and transparent way to ensure that the greatest number of life years are saved. It is based on an evidence- and ethics-based Canadian framework, and would become operational where demand for blood greatly exceeds supply, and where all measures to manage supply and demand have been exhausted. The guidance complements existing national shortage plans for red cells and platelets."}, {"pmid": 32159318, "title": "[Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and coronavirus: research update on pathogenesis of the infection induced by this indissoluble bond].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hou, P", "Xu, Q", "Na, J", "Zhang, B L", "Wu, H", "Li, P", "Zhao, X X"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32159318", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203382, "title": "Scientists exposed to coronavirus wonder: why weren't we notified?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203382", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431273, "title": "Precision Physical Distancing for COVID-19: An Important Tool in Unlocking the Lockdown.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Bausch, Daniel G"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431273", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to the more routine public health measures, many countries have implemented \"lockdowns\"-closing borders, restricting international travel, and placing severe limitations on individual movement and group gatherings. While lockdowns may be an important tool to limit transmission, they come at a potentially great cost with regard to economic impact, mental health consequences, and increased morbidity and mortality from non-COVID-19 diseases. Furthermore, implementation of the required draconian measures may be difficult in some settings because of logistical, economic, and sociocultural impediments, especially in many low- and middle-income countries. Governments and health authorities must chart a course on how to \"unlock\" or control transmission where lockdowns are not feasible. \"Precision physical distancing\"-distancing tailored and optimized to specific physical, social, cultural, political, and economic contexts and to specific groups and settings-is proposed and discussed here as an important tool in the control of COVID-19. It has the advantages of being low cost, adaptable to diverse sociocultural and economic settings through community ownership and local action, and more easily monitored and potentially enforced than less precise measures. Precision physical distancing can be one important component of a sustainable long-term solution that is proportionate to the risk yet does not have a disproportionate impact on society and the economy, allowing a partial return to normal activities, with the community as an essential partner."}, {"pmid": 32334918, "pmcid": "PMC7164903", "title": "Acute Stroke Care in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis", "authors": ["Dafer, Rima M", "Osteraas, Nicholas D", "Biller, Jose"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334918", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic respiratory disease with serious public health risk and has taken the world off-guard with its rapid spread. As the COVID-19 pandemic intensifies, overwhelming the healthcare system and the medical community, current practice for the management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) will require modification, and guidelines should be relaxed while maintaining high standard quality of care. The aim of these suggestions is to avoid contributing to the rapid spread of COVID-19 as well as to conserve what are likely to be very limited resources (including personnel, intensive care/hospital beds as well as physicians) while maintaining high quality care for patients with AIS. We present our recommendations for the management of acute stroke during the COVID-19 pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32333024, "pmcid": "PMC7181099", "title": "[Anesthesia and intensive care ventilators: differences and usability in COVID-19 patients].", "journal": "Anaesthesist", "authors": ["Notz, Q", "Herrmann, J", "Stumpner, J", "Schmid, B", "Schlesinger, T", "Kredel, M", "Kranke, P", "Meybohm, P", "Lotz, C"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333024", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemia is a highly dynamic situation characterized by therapeutic and logistic uncertainties. Depending on the effectiveness of social distancing, a shortage of intensive care respirators must be expected. Concomitantly, many physicians and nursing staff are unaware of the capabilities of alternative types of ventilators, hence being unsure if they can be used in intensive care patients. Intensive care respirators were specifically developed for the use in patients with pathological lung mechanics. Nevertheless, modern anesthesia machines offer similar technical capabilities including a number of different modes. However, conceptual differences must be accounted for, requiring close monitoring and the presence of trained personnel. Modern transport ventilators are mainly for bridging purposes as they can only be used with 100% oxygen in contaminated surroundings. Unconventional methods, such as \"ventilator-splitting\", which have recently received increasing attention on social media, cannot be recommended. This review intends to provide an overview of the conceptual and technical differences of different types of mechanical ventilators."}, {"pmid": 32358955, "pmcid": "PMC7197591", "title": "Still much to learn about the diagnostic role of SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Di Giambenedetto, Simona", "Ciccullo, Arturo", "Posteraro, Brunella", "Lombardi, Francesca", "Borghetti, Alberto", "Sanguinetti, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358955", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199938, "pmcid": "PMC7270593", "title": "Catheterization Laboratory Considerations During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: From the ACC's Interventional Council and SCAI.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Welt, Frederick G P", "Shah, Pinak B", "Aronow, Herbert D", "Bortnick, Anna E", "Henry, Timothy D", "Sherwood, Matthew W", "Young, Michael N", "Davidson, Laura J", "Kadavath, Sabeeda", "Mahmud, Ehtisham", "Kirtane, Ajay J"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199938", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437244, "title": "Let's talk about sex in the context of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Appl Physiol (1985)", "authors": ["Gargaglioni, Luciane H", "Marques, Danuzia A"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437244", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In recent months, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has sent many countries into crisis. Studies have shown that this virus causes worse outcomes and a higher mortality in men than in women. It has been recognized that sex can affect the immune response to a pathogenic agent, as well as the susceptibility for some respiratory diseases. These different responses in males and females may be related to the actions of sex hormones. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) acts as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19. The expression of ACE2 is influenced by sex hormones; therefore, we discuss in this article that this could be one of the reasons why COVID-19 is more prevalent in men than in women."}, {"pmid": 32319792, "title": "Unexpected Findings of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) at the Lung Bases on Abdominopelvic CT.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Dane, Bari", "Brusca-Augello, Geraldine", "Kim, Danny", "Katz, Douglas S"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319792", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to report unanticipated lung base findings on abdominal CT in 23 patients concerning for coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In these patients, who were not previously suspected of having COVID-19, abdominal pain was the most common indication for CT (n = 19), and 11 patients had no extrapulmonary findings. Seventeen patients underwent polymerase chain reaction testing, which returned positive results for all 17. CONCLUSION. Unsuspected coronavirus disease may be strongly suggested on the basis of lung findings on abdominopelvic CT."}, {"pmid": 32375455, "title": "Prediction of COVID-19 transmission dynamics using a mathematical model considering behavior changes in Korea.", "journal": "Epidemiol Health", "authors": ["Kim, Soyoung", "Seo, Yu Bin", "Jung, Eunok"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375455", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the report of the first confirmed case in Daegu on February 18, 2020, local transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korea has continued. In this study, we aimed to identify the pattern of local transmission of COVID-19 using mathematical modeling and predict the epidemic size and the timing of the end of the spread. We modeled the COVID-19 outbreak in Korea by applying a mathematical model of transmission that factors in behavioral changes. We used the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data of daily confirmed cases in the country to estimate the nationwide and Daegu/Gyeongbuk area-specific transmission rates as well as behavioral change parameters using a least-squares method. The number of transmissions per infected patient was estimated to be about 10 times higher in the Daegu/Gyeongbuk area than the average of nationwide. Using these estimated parameters, our models predicts that about 13,800 cases will occur nationwide and 11,400 cases in the Daegu/Gyeongbuk area until mid-June. We mathematically demonstrate that the relatively high per-capita rate of transmission and the low rate of changes in behavior have caused a large-scale transmission of COVID-19 in the Daegu/Gyeongbuk area in Korea. Since the outbreak is expected to continue until May, non-pharmaceutical interventions that can be sustained over the long term are required."}, {"pmid": 32272481, "title": "Structure of M(pro) from SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of its inhibitors.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Jin, Zhenming", "Du, Xiaoyu", "Xu, Yechun", "Deng, Yongqiang", "Liu, Meiqin", "Zhao, Yao", "Zhang, Bing", "Li, Xiaofeng", "Zhang, Leike", "Peng, Chao", "Duan, Yinkai", "Yu, Jing", "Wang, Lin", "Yang, Kailin", "Liu, Fengjiang", "Jiang, Rendi", "Yang, Xinglou", "You, Tian", "Liu, Xiaoce", "Yang, Xiuna", "Bai, Fang", "Liu, Hong", "Liu, Xiang", "Guddat, Luke W", "Xu, Wenqing", "Xiao, Gengfu", "Qin, Chengfeng", "Shi, Zhengli", "Jiang, Hualiang", "Rao, Zihe", "Yang, Haitao"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272481", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a02 (SARS-CoV-2), is the aetiological agent responsible for the 2019-2020 viral pneumonia outbreak of coronavirus disease\u00a02019 (COVID-19)1-4. Currently, there are no targeted therapeutic agents for the treatment of this disease, and effective treatment options remain very limited. Here we describe the results of a programme that aimed to rapidly discover lead compounds for clinical use, by combining structure-assisted drug design, virtual drug screening and high-throughput screening. This programme focused on identifying drug leads that target main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2: Mpro is a key enzyme of coronaviruses and has a pivotal role in mediating viral replication and transcription, making it an attractive drug target for SARS-CoV-25,6. We identified a mechanism-based inhibitor (N3) by computer-aided drug design, and then determined the crystal structure of Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 in complex with this compound. Through a combination of structure-based virtual and high-throughput screening, we assayed more than 10,000\u00a0compounds-including approved drugs, drug candidates in clinical trials and other pharmacologically active compounds-as inhibitors of Mpro. Six of these compounds inhibited Mpro, showing half-maximal inhibitory concentration values that ranged from 0.67 to 21.4\u00a0\u03bcM. One of these compounds (ebselen) also exhibited promising antiviral activity in cell-based assays. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of our screening strategy, which can lead to the rapid discovery of drug leads with clinical potential in response to new infectious diseases for which no specific drugs or vaccines are available."}, {"pmid": 32474160, "pmcid": "PMC7256009", "title": "A Butterfly Flaps its Wings: Extinction of Biological Experience and the Origins of Allergy.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Prescott, Susan L"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474160", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The grand global challenges of the Anthropocene are interdependent with ample evidence that reduced early-life 'experience' of biodiversity primes for immune dysregulation and a higher propensity low-grade inflammation, increasing the risk of allergy many other later-onset NCDs -also now implicated in the susceptibility to acute inflammation in COVID-19 infection. The objective of this review is to explore links between biodiversity on all scales and allergic disease as a measure of immune dysregulation. Were identified from PubMed and Web of Science using search terms pertaining to biodiversity, nature-relatedness, allergic disease, microbiome, NCDs, COVID-19 and associated terms. Studies were selected based on relevance to human health and biodiversity. Contact with natural environments enriches the human microbiome, promotes regulated immune responses, and protects from allergy and both acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. These important links to eco-psychological constructs of the 'extinction of experience' which indicates that loss of direct, personal contact with biodiversity-wildlife and the more visible elements of the natural world-might lead to emotional apathy and irresponsible behaviors toward the environment. The immune system is a useful early barometer of environmental impacts, and via the microbiome, a measure of the way in which our current experiences differ from our ancestral past. While we would benefit from further research, efforts to increase direct, personal contact with biodiversity have clear benefits for multiple aspect of physical and mental health, the skin and gut microbiome, immune function, food choices, sleep, physical activity, and promotes environmental responsibility."}, {"pmid": 32487319, "pmcid": "PMC7261101", "title": "Anesthesiology and the Anesthesiologists at COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim", "authors": ["Ferrando, C", "Colomina, M J", "Errando, C L", "Llau, J V"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487319", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354733, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the cardiovascular system: What the non-cardiologist needs to know.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Davis, Gershan K", "Adlan, Ahmed", "Majewski, Jacek", "Ibrahim, Bassem"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354733", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There has been the need to make major modifications to the way cardiology is practised in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. There has also been the need to recognise the complex cardiovascular manifestations and complications of COVID-19. In this article we provide guidance on the management of cardiac patients without COVID-19 in the current pandemic as well as patients with cardiac disease and COVID-19 and patients with cardiac complications of COVID-19. There is also a focus on indications and interpretation of commonly performed cardiac investigations in the setting of COVID-19. References are included from a number of specialist societies and groups."}, {"pmid": 32367286, "pmcid": "PMC7197632", "title": "May home confinement during the COVID-19 outbreak worsen the global burden of myopia?", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Pellegrini, Marco", "Bernabei, Federico", "Scorcia, Vincenzo", "Giannaccare, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367286", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427106, "pmcid": "PMC7265654", "title": "Tracking Social Media Discourse About the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Public Coronavirus Twitter Data Set.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Chen, Emily", "Lerman, Kristina", "Ferrara, Emilio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427106", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the time of this writing, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak has already put tremendous strain on many countries' citizens, resources, and economies around the world. Social distancing measures, travel bans, self-quarantines, and business closures are changing the very fabric of societies worldwide. With people forced out of public spaces, much of the conversation about these phenomena now occurs online on social media platforms like Twitter. In this paper, we describe a multilingual COVID-19 Twitter data set that we are making available to the research community via our COVID-19-TweetIDs GitHub repository. We started this ongoing data collection on January 28, 2020, leveraging Twitter's streaming application programming interface (API) and Tweepy to follow certain keywords and accounts that were trending at the time data collection began. We used Twitter's search API to query for past tweets, resulting in the earliest tweets in our collection dating back to January 21, 2020. Since the inception of our collection, we have actively maintained and updated our GitHub repository on a weekly basis. We have published over 123 million tweets, with over 60% of the tweets in English. This paper also presents basic statistics that show that Twitter activity responds and reacts to COVID-19-related events. It is our hope that our contribution will enable the study of online conversation dynamics in the context of a planetary-scale epidemic outbreak of unprecedented proportions and implications. This data set could also help track COVID-19-related misinformation and unverified rumors or enable the understanding of fear and panic-and undoubtedly more."}, {"pmid": 32492295, "title": "Universal Masking in the Covid-19 Era.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Klompas, Michael", "Morris, Charles A", "Shenoy, Erica S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492295", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438520, "title": "The role of climate during the COVID-19 epidemic in New South Wales, Australia.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Ward, Michael P", "Xiao, Shuang", "Zhang, Zhijie"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438520", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous research has identified a relationship between climate and occurrence of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV cases, information that can be used to reduce the risk of infection. Using COVID-19 notification and postcode data from New South Wales, Australia during the exponential phase of the epidemic in 2020, we used time series analysis to investigate the relationship between 749 cases of locally acquired COVID-19 and daily rainfall, 9\u00a0a.m. and 3\u00a0p.m. temperature, and 9\u00a0a.m. and 3\u00a0p.m. relative humidity. Lower 9\u00a0a.m. relative humidity (but not rainfall or temperature) was associated with increased case occurrence; a reduction in relative humidity of 1% was predicted to be associated with an increase of COVID-19 cases by 6.11%. During periods of low relative humidity, the public health system should anticipate an increased number of COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32429885, "pmcid": "PMC7235176", "title": "Keeping up with the information explosion: a surge in consumption of data on pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection by pediatric emergency physicians.", "journal": "Int J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Feldman, Oren", "Boukai, Amit", "Shavit, Itai"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429885", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "PEM-Database.org is an unaffiliated, not-for-profit website, dedicated to the field's advancement of pediatric emergency medicine. PEM-Database published the first early access pediatric-related SARS-CoV-2 articles on March 13th, two days following the World Health Organization's declaration of a global pandemic. Over the following 2\u2009weeks, the number of PEM-Database entries increased dramatically. This surge expresses interest by pediatric emergency medicine physicians in data on pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32501493, "title": "Admissions to Veterans Affairs Hospitals for Emergency Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Baum, Aaron", "Schwartz, Mark D"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501493", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500177, "pmcid": "PMC7271833", "title": "Learning from the past: did experience with previous epidemics help mitigate the impact of COVID-19 among spine surgeons worldwide?", "journal": "Eur Spine J", "authors": ["Weiner, Joseph A", "Swiatek, Peter R", "Johnson, Daniel J", "Louie, Philip K", "Harada, Garrett K", "McCarthy, Michael H", "Germscheid, Niccole", "Cheung, Jason P Y", "Neva, Marko H", "El-Sharkawi, Mohammad", "Valacco, Marcelo", "Sciubba, Daniel M", "Chutken, Norman B", "An, Howard S", "Samartzis, Dino"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500177", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Spine surgeons around the world have been universally impacted by COVID-19. The current study addressed whether prior experience with disease epidemics among the spine surgeon community had an impact on preparedness and response toward COVID-19. A 73-item survey was distributed to spine surgeons worldwide via AO Spine. Questions focused on: demographics, COVID-19 preparedness, response, and impact. Respondents with and without prior epidemic experience (e.g., SARS, H1NI, MERS) were assessed on preparedness and response via univariate and multivariate modeling. Results of the survey were compared against the Global Health Security Index. Totally, 902 surgeons from 7 global regions completed the survey. 24.2% of respondents had prior experience with global health crises. Only 49.6% reported adequate access to personal protective equipment. There were no differences in preparedness reported by respondents with prior epidemic exposure. Government and hospital responses were fairly consistent around the world. Prior epidemic experience did not impact the presence of preparedness guidelines. There were subtle differences in sources of stress, coping strategies, performance of elective surgeries, and impact on income driven by prior epidemic exposure. 94.7% expressed a need for formal, international guidelines to help mitigate the impact of the current and future pandemics. This is the first study to note that prior experience with infectious disease crises did not appear to help spine surgeons prepare for the current COVID-19 pandemic. Based on survey results, the GHSI was not an effective measure of COVID-19 preparedness. Formal international guidelines for crisis preparedness are needed to mitigate future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32439691, "title": "Mitigating the psychological effects of social isolation during the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Razai, Mohammad S", "Oakeshott, Pippa", "Kankam, Hadyn", "Galea, Sandro", "Stokes-Lampard, Helen"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439691", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526061, "title": "Targeting the NO-cGMP-PDE5 pathway in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Andrology", "authors": ["Isidori, A M", "Giannetta, E", "Pofi, R", "Venneri, M A", "Gianfrilli, D", "Campolo, F", "Mastroianni, C M", "Lenzi, A", "d'Ettorre, G"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526061", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 has been sweeping the world since December. It begins as a respiratory infection that, mainly in men with diabetes or renal impairment, evolves into a systemic disease, with SARDS, progressive endothelial cell damage, abnormal clotting and impaired cardiovascular and liver function. Some clinical trials are testing biological drugs to limit the immune system dysregulation, \"cytokines storm\", that causes the systemic complications of COVID-19. The contraindications of these drugs and their cost raise concerns over the implications of their widespread availability. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have revealed a role for the nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP-phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) pathway in modulating low-grade inflammation in patients with metabolic diseases, offering cardiovascular protection. PDE5 inhibition favors an anti-inflammatory response by modulating activated T cells, reducing cytokine release, lowering fibrosis, increasing oxygen diffusion, stimulating vascular repair. PDE5 is highly expressed in the lungs, where its inhibition improves pulmonary fibrosis, a complication of severe COVID-19 disease. We performed a systematic review of all evidence documenting any involvement of the NO-cGMP-PDE5 axis in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, presenting the ongoing clinical trials aimed at modulating this axis, including our own \"silDEnafil administration in DiAbetic and dysmetaboLic patients with COVID-19 (DEDALO trial)\". The reviewed evidence suggests that PDE5 inhibitors could offer a new strategy in managing COVID-19 by (i) counteracting the Ang-II-mediated downregulation of AT-1 receptor; (ii) acting on monocyte switching, thus reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines, interstitial infiltration and the vessel damage responsible for alveolar hemorrhage-necrosis; (iii) inhibiting the transition of endothelial and smooth muscle cells to mesenchymal cells in the pulmonary artery, preventing clotting and thrombotic complications. If the ongoing trials presented herein should provide positive findings, the low cost, wide availability and temperature stability of PDE5 inhibitors could make them a major resource to combat COVID-19 in developing countries."}, {"pmid": 32493814, "title": "Inflammasomes and Pyroptosis as Therapeutic Targets for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Immunol", "authors": ["Yap, Jeremy K Y", "Moriyama, Miyu", "Iwasaki, Akiko"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493814", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 infection has a direct impact on the clinical outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Of the many innate immune pathways that are engaged by severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2, we highlight the importance of the inflammasome pathway. We discuss available pharmaceutical agents that target a critical component of inflammasome activation, signaling leading to cellular pyroptosis, and the downstream cytokines as a promising target for the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019-associated diseases."}, {"pmid": 32416992, "pmcid": "PMC7251994", "title": "Reducing droplet spread during airway manipulation. Reply to Au Yong and colleagues (Br J Anaesth 2020, in press).", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lim, Wan Y", "Wong, Patrick", "Ong, Sharon G K"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416992", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32173855, "pmcid": "PMC7161908", "title": "Care of haematology patients in a COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Willan, John", "King, Andrew J", "Hayes, Sandy", "Collins, Graham P", "Peniket, Andrew"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173855", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224276, "pmcid": "PMC7195559", "title": "Ethical outpatient dermatology care during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Pathoulas, James T", "Stoff, Benjamin K", "Lee, Kachiu C", "Farah, Ronda S"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224276", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462289, "pmcid": "PMC7253235", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on the Cardio-Oncology Population.", "journal": "Curr Oncol Rep", "authors": ["Asokan, Ishan", "Rabadia, Soniya V", "Yang, Eric H"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462289", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV, COVID-19) is historically one of the most severe acute respiratory syndromes and pandemics to affect the globe in the twenty-first century. Originating in Wuhan, the virus rapidly spread and impacted subsets of populations with initial unclear risk factors contributing to worsening morbidity and mortality. Patients with diagnosis of cancer and undergoing treatment further represent a population at risk for worsening cardiopulmonary outcomes. This review explores specific risk factors, diagnoses, and treatment options that impact cardio-oncologic patients with COVID-19. Multiple studies globally, including Italy, China, and the USA, have documented severe outcomes. Cancer patients are at increased risk of cardiac injury which itself is a risk factor for mortality. Additionally, elderly cancer patients undergoing recent anti-cancer treatment may be at greater risk for sustaining worse outcomes, although data remains suboptimal in this population. Major gaps remain regarding risk associated with type of cancer and type of anti-cancer treatment, as well as the layered risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer. Immunomodulatory therapies used to treat cytokine release syndrome secondary to anti-cancer therapies, as well as other agents being traditionally used to treat cardiovascular and cancer disease states, are being investigated for treatment of COVID-19. Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer have been associated with more severe COVID-19 infection and worse outcomes. Patients undergoing anti-cancer therapy or those who have suffered from coronavirus infection may develop long-standing changes, not limited to pulmonary fibrosis, hyperlipidemia, and worsening atherosclerosis. Those undergoing anti-cancer therapy are at theoretically increased susceptibility for infection, with type of cancer not necessarily dictating outcome. A review of the literature of patients with cardiovascular and/or cancer disease is presented, as well as proposed strategies to attenuate risk regarding treatment, management, and surveillance in this vulnerable population."}, {"pmid": 32462423, "pmcid": "PMC7251048", "title": "Taking care of systemic sclerosis patients during COVID-19 pandemic: rethink the clinical activity.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Minniti, Antonina", "Maglione, Wanda", "Pignataro, Francesca", "Cappadona, Carmela", "Caporali, Roberto", "Del Papa, Nicoletta"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462423", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 outbreak has quickly spread worldwide, causing a high pressure on the health-care system. In Italy, from March 8, 2020, all the deferrable clinical activities have been suspended to increase the health care offer for COVID-19 patients. The hospital organization has been modified also in order to assure non-COVID-19 patients assistance. The Scleroderma Unit of ASST Pini-CTO Hospital, in Milan, in the region mostly hit by SARS-CoV-2 in Italy, follows more than 600 patients affected by systemic sclerosis (SSc). Patients with SSc need a close follow-up with a regular screening of organ involvement and frequent intravenous treatments. All SSc patients have been educated about ministerial directives to limit COVID-19 spread. The organization of our Scleroderma Unit has been quickly rethought to assure SSc patients assistance in safety for them and for health-care workers during urgent visits or infusion therapies. Using electronic way of communication with frequent virtual contact and guarantying home deliveries of some therapies, we allowed a continuity of care also outside the Hospital."}, {"pmid": 32196453, "title": "Diagnostic Value of Chest CT in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Curr Med Imaging", "authors": ["Sun, Zhonghua"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196453", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501640, "title": "On the clinical psychologist's role in the time of COVID-19, with particular reference to experience gained in pediatric oncology.", "journal": "Psychooncology", "authors": ["Clerici, Carlo Alfredo", "Massimino, Maura", "Ferrari, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501640", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic seems to be developing into a planetary-scale mental health experiment, undermining the foundations of our being human, obliging us to keep physically apart from one another, and inducing us to see other people as a potential threat. In the world of pediatric oncology, we have found ourselves up against new challenges. In this article, we discuss the difficulties found in conducting psychological support sessions while complying with physical distancing rules, as well as wearing protective face masks, and even gloves; or while using modern remote communication telecommunications. The classic reasons behind requests for psychological support have been compounded by other, novel problems, such as: fewer relational resources for families at home, less chance to socialize, hospital stays with only one parent, the suspension of all teaching and group activities on the ward, economic difficulties caused by the pandemic, the rising levels of family conflictuality and generalized anxiety. It is essential to find new solutions that can be promptly implemented, reconfiguring the way we humanize our hospital wards."}, {"pmid": 32406536, "pmcid": "PMC7273005", "title": "Osteoporosis Management in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Bone Miner Res", "authors": ["Yu, Elaine W", "Tsourdi, Elena", "Clarke, Bart L", "Bauer, Douglas C", "Drake, Matthew T"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406536", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Osteoporosis is a chronic condition that reflects reduced bone strength and an associated increased risk for fracture. As a chronic condition, osteoporosis generally requires sustained medical intervention(s) to limit the risks for additional bone loss, compromise of skeletal integrity, and fracture occurrence. Further complicating this issue is the fact that the abrupt cessation of some therapies can be associated with an increased risk for harm. It is in this context that the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented disruption to the provision of health care globally, including near universal requirements for social distancing. In this Perspective, we provide evidence, where available, regarding the general care of patients with osteoporosis in the COVID-19 era and provide clinical recommendations based primarily on expert opinion when data are absent. Particular emphasis is placed on the transition from parenteral osteoporosis therapies. It is hoped that these recommendations can be used to safely guide care for patients with osteoporosis until a return to routine clinical care standards is available. \u00a9 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research."}, {"pmid": 32282982, "pmcid": "PMC7262146", "title": "Early impact of COVID-19 on transplant center practices and policies in the United States.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Boyarsky, Brian J", "Po-Yu Chiang, Teresa", "Werbel, William A", "Durand, Christine M", "Avery, Robin K", "Getsin, Samantha N", "Jackson, Kyle R", "Kernodle, Amber B", "Van Pilsum Rasmussen, Sarah E", "Massie, Allan B", "Segev, Dorry L", "Garonzik-Wang, Jacqueline M"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282982", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a novel, rapidly changing pandemic: consequently, evidence-based recommendations in solid organ transplantation (SOT) remain challenging and unclear. To understand the impact on transplant activity across the United States, and center-level variation in testing, clinical practice, and policies, we conducted a national survey between March 24, 2020 and March 31, 2020 and linked responses to the COVID-19 incidence map. Response rate was a very high 79.3%, reflecting a strong national priority to better understand COVID-19. Complete suspension of live donor kidney transplantation was reported by 71.8% and live donor liver by 67.7%. While complete suspension of deceased donor transplantation was less frequent, some restrictions to deceased donor kidney transplantation were reported by 84.0% and deceased donor liver by 73.3%; more stringent restrictions were associated with higher regional incidence of COVID-19. Shortage of COVID-19 tests was reported by 42.5%. Respondents reported a total of 148 COVID-19 recipients from <1 to >10\u00a0years posttransplant: 69.6% were kidney recipients, and 25.0% were critically ill. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was used by 78.1% of respondents; azithromycin by 46.9%; tocilizumab by 31.3%, and remdesivir by 25.0%. There is wide heterogeneity in center-level response across the United States; ongoing national data collection, expert discussion, and clinical studies are critical to informing evidence-based practices."}, {"pmid": 32360743, "pmcid": "PMC7252166", "title": "Lower detection rates of SARS-COV2 antibodies in cancer patients versus health care workers after symptomatic COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Solodky, M L", "Galvez, C", "Russias, B", "Detourbet, P", "N'Guyen-Bonin, V", "Herr, A-L", "Zrounba, P", "Blay, J-Y"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360743", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418146, "pmcid": "PMC7230035", "title": "Rapid response in the COVID-19 pandemic: a Delphi study from the European Pediatric Dialysis Working Group.", "journal": "Pediatr Nephrol", "authors": ["Eibensteiner, Fabian", "Ritschl, Valentin", "Ariceta, Gema", "Jankauskiene, Augustina", "Klaus, Gunter", "Paglialonga, Fabio", "Edefonti, Alberto", "Ranchin, Bruno", "Schmitt, Claus Peter", "Shroff, Rukshana", "Stefanidis, Constantinos J", "Walle, Johan Vande", "Verrina, Enrico", "Vondrak, Karel", "Zurowska, Aleksandra", "Stamm, Tanja", "Aufricht, Christoph"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418146", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 was declared a global health emergency. Since children are less than 1% of reported cases, there is limited information to develop evidence-based practice recommendations. The objective of this study was to rapidly gather expert knowledge and experience to guide the care of children with chronic kidney disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. A four-round multi-center Delphi exercise was conducted among 13 centers in 11 European countries of the European Pediatric Dialysis Working Group (EPDWG) between March, 16th and 20th 2020. Results were analyzed using a mixed methods qualitative approach and descriptive statistics. Thirteen COVID-19 specific topics of particular need for guidance were identified. Main themes encompassed testing strategies and results (n\u2009=\u20094), changes in use of current therapeutics (n\u2009=\u20093), preventive measurements of transmission and management of COVID-19 (n\u2009=\u20093), and changes in standard clinical care (n\u2009=\u20093). Patterns of center-specific responses varied according to regulations and to availability of guidelines. As limited quantitative evidence is available in real time during the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, qualitative expert knowledge and experience represent the best evidence available. This Delphi exercise demonstrates that use of mixed methodologies embedded in an established network of experts allowed prompt analysis of pediatric nephrologists' response to COVID-19 during this fast-emerging public health crisis. Such rapid sharing of knowledge and local practices is essential to timely and optimal guidance for medical management of specific patient groups in multi-country health care systems such as those of Europe and the US."}, {"pmid": 32339534, "pmcid": "PMC7195096", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes: Is metformin a friend or foe?", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Ursini, Francesco", "Ciaffi, Jacopo", "Landini, Maria Paola", "Meliconi, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339534", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32116147, "title": "Coronavirus disinfection in histopathology.", "journal": "J Histotechnol", "authors": ["Henwood, Anthony F"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32116147", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 Coronavirus epidemic, provisionally called 2019-nCoV, was first identified in Wuhan, China, in persons exposed to a seafood or wet market. There is an international push to contain the virus and prevent its spread. It is feasible that potentially infectious samples may be received in histopathology laboratories for diagnosis. This technical note presents disinfection procedures and histotechnology processes that should alleviate the risk of infection to laboratory staff. Using data obtained from similar coronaviruses, e.g. severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), experts are confident that 70% ethanol and 0.1% sodium hypochlorite should inactivate the virus. Formalin fixation and heating samples to 56oC, as used in routine tissue processing, were found to inactivate several coronaviruses and it is believed that 2019-nCoV would be similarly affected."}, {"pmid": 32458396, "pmcid": "PMC7250584", "title": "Adjusting to the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and opportunities of frontline colorectal cancer teams in the UK.", "journal": "Int J Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Aseem, Rabiya", "Warren, Oliver", "Mills, Sarah", "Smith, Jason", "Pawa, Nikhil"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458396", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521463, "title": "Managing common endocrine disorders amid COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Pal, Rimesh", "Bhadada, Sanjay K"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521463", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the resulting nationwide lockdowns have posed a major challenge to the management of pre-existing and newly diagnosed endocrine disorders. Herein, we have summarized the management approaches of common endocrine disorders amid the ongoing pandemic. We have performed an extensive literature search for articles in PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases till 25 May 2020, with the following keywords: \"COVID-19\", \"diabetes mellitus\", \"thyroid disorders\", \"primary adrenal insufficiency\", \"Cushing's syndrome\", \"pituitary tumors\", \"vitamin D\u2033\", \"osteoporosis\", \"primary hyperparathyroidism\", \"hypoparathyroidism\", \"management\", \"treatment\" and \"guidelines\" with interposition of the Boolean operator \"AND\". We have summarized the most feasible strategies for the management of diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders, primary adrenal insufficiency (including congenital adrenal hyperplasia), Cushing's syndrome, pituitary tumors, osteoporosis, primary hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism amid the constraints laid down by the raging pandemic. In general, medical management should be encouraged and surgical interventions should be deferred whenever possible. Ongoing medications should be continued. Sick-day rules should be sincerely adhered to. Regular contact with physicians can be maintained through teleconsultations and virtual clinics. Considering the burden of endocrine disorders in the general population, their management needs to be prioritized amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32352594, "pmcid": "PMC7267347", "title": "Phytotherapic compounds against coronaviruses: Possible streams for future research.", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Antonelli, Michele", "Donelli, Davide", "Maggini, Valentina", "Firenzuoli, Fabio"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352594", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32035269, "pmcid": "PMC7128115", "title": "What goes on board aircraft? Passengers include Aedes, Anopheles, 2019-nCoV, dengue, Salmonella, Zika, et al.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wilson, Mary E"], "date": "2020-02-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035269", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32186278, "pmcid": "PMC7096775", "title": "Influenza-associated pneumonia as reference to assess seriousness of coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Tolksdorf, Kristin", "Buda, Silke", "Schuler, Ekkehard", "Wieler, Lothar H", "Haas, Walter"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32186278", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Information on severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (transmissibility, disease seriousness, impact) is crucial for preparation of healthcare sectors. We present a simple approach to assess disease seriousness, creating a reference cohort of pneumonia patients from sentinel hospitals. First comparisons exposed a higher rate of COVID-19 patients requiring ventilation. There were more case fatalities among COVID-19 patients without comorbidities than in the reference cohort. Hospitals should prepare for high utilisation of ventilation and intensive care resources."}, {"pmid": 32416531, "pmcid": "PMC7204670", "title": "Handling the COVID-19 pandemic: Proposing a community based toolkit for psycho-social management and preparedness.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Banerjee, Debanjan", "Nair, Vasundharaa S"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375574, "pmcid": "PMC7232887", "title": "Repurposing of chloroquine and some clinically approved antiviral drugs as effective therapeutics to prevent cellular entry and replication of coronavirus.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Adeoye, Akinwunmi O", "Oso, Babatunde Joseph", "Olaoye, Ige Francis", "Tijjani, Habibu", "Adebayo, Ahmed I"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375574", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The reemergence of coronavirus prompts the need for the development of effective therapeutics to prevent the cellular entry and replication of coronavirus. This study demonstrated the putative inhibitory potential of lopinavir, remdesivir, oseltamir, azithromycin, ribavirin, and chloroquine towards V-ATPase, protein kinase A, SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein/ACE-2 complex and viral proteases. The pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties were predicted through the pkCSM server while the corresponding binding affinity of the selected drugs towards the proteins was computed using AutodockVina Screening tool. The ADMET properties revealed all the drugs possess drug-like properties. Lopinavir has the highest binding affinities to the pocket site of SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein/ACE-2 complex, cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A and 3-Chymotrypsin like protease while redemsivir has the highest binding affinities for vacuolar proton-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) and papain-like proteins. The amino acids Asp269, Leu370, His374, and His345 were predicted as the key residues for lopinavir binding to human SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein/ACE-2 complex while His378, Tyr515, Leu73, Leu100, Phe32 and Phe40 for remdesivir and Tyr510, Phe504, Met62, Tyr50, and His378 were predicted for azithromycin as the key residues for binding to SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein/ACE-2 complex. Moreover, it was also observed that chloroquine has appreciable binding affinities for 3-Chymotrpsin- like protease and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A when compared to Oseltamivir and ribavirin. The study provided evidence suggesting putative repurposing of the selected drugs for the development of valuable drugs for the prevention of cellular entry and replication of coronavirus.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32513520, "title": "COVID-19: A Call for Action, Collaboration, Reason, and Unity.", "journal": "Eur Urol Focus", "authors": ["Gaisa, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513520", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373464, "pmcid": "PMC7198420", "title": "Author's reply to \"To the editor - Is it really COVID-19 infection?\"", "journal": "HeartRhythm Case Rep", "authors": ["Chang, David", "Epstein, Laurence M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373464", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307192, "pmcid": "PMC7159874", "title": "Embracing telemedicine into your otolaryngology practice amid the COVID-19 crisis: An invited commentary.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Pollock, Kim", "Setzen, Michael", "Svider, Peter F"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307192", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has quickly and radically altered how Otolaryngologists provide patient care in the outpatient setting. Continuity of care with established patients as well as establishment of a professional relationship with new patients is challenging during this Public Health Emergency (PHE). Many geographic areas are under \"stay at home\" or \"shelter in place\" directives from state and local governments to avoid COVID-19 exposure risks. Medicare has recently allowed \"broad flexibilities to furnish services using remote communications technology to avoid exposure risks to health care providers, patients, and the community.\" [1] The implementation of telemedicine, or virtual, services, will help the Otolaryngologists provide needed care to patients while mitigating the clinical and financial impact of the pandemic. The significant coding and billing issues related to implementing telemedicine services are discussed to promote acceptance of this technology by the practicing Otolaryngologist. Of particular importance, outpatient visit Current Procedural Terminology\u00ae codes (99201-99215) may be used for telehealth visits performed in real-time audio and video."}, {"pmid": 32171872, "pmcid": "PMC7156152", "title": "Arbidol combined with LPV/r versus LPV/r alone against Corona Virus Disease 2019: A retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Deng, Lisi", "Li, Chunna", "Zeng, Qi", "Liu, Xi", "Li, Xinghua", "Zhang, Haitang", "Hong, Zhongsi", "Xia, Jinyu"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171872", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China. We aimed to compare arbidol and lopinavir/ritonavir(LPV/r) treatment for patients with COVID-19 with LPV/r only. In this retrospective cohort study, we included adults (age\u226518years) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 without Invasive ventilation, diagnosed between Jan 17, 2020, and Feb 13, 2020. Patients, diagnosed after Jan 17, 2020, were given oral arbidol and LPV/r in the combination group and oral LPV/r only in the monotherapy group for 5-21 days. The primary endpoint was a negative conversion rate of coronavirus from the date of COVID-19 diagnosis(day7, day14), and assessed whether the pneumonia was progressing or improving by chest CT (day7). We analyzed 16 patients who received oral arbidol and LPV/r in the combination group and 17 who oral LPV/r only in the monotherapy group, and both initiated after diagnosis. Baseline clinical, laboratory, and chest CT characteristics were similar between groups. The SARS-CoV-2 could not be detected for 12(75%) of 16 patients' nasopharyngeal specimens in the combination group after seven days, compared with 6 (35%) of 17 in the monotherapy group (p < 0\u00b705). After 14 days, 15 (94%) of 16 and 9 (52\u00b79%) of 17, respectively, SARS-CoV-2 could not be detected (p < 0\u00b705). The chest CT scans were improving for 11(69%) of 16 patients in the combination group after seven days, compared with 5(29%) of 17 in the monotherapy group (p < 0\u00b705). In patients with COVID-19, the apparent favorable clinical response with arbidol and LPV/r supports further LPV/r only."}, {"pmid": 32253182, "title": "Social distancing in covid-19: what are the mental health implications?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Venkatesh, Ashwin", "Edirappuli, Shantal"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253182", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527713, "title": "In Silico computational screening of Kabasura Kudineer - Official Siddha Formulation and JACOM against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.", "journal": "J Ayurveda Integr Med", "authors": ["Kiran, Gangarapu", "Karthik, L", "Shree Devi, M S", "Sathiyarajeswaran, P", "Kanakavalli, K", "Kumar, K M", "Ramesh Kumar, D"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527713", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Siddha Medicine is a valuable therapeutic choice which is classically used for treating viral respiratory infections, this principle of medicine is proven to contain antiviral compounds. The study is aimed to execute the In Silico computational studies of phytoconstituents of Siddha official formulation Kabasura Kudineer and novel herbal preparation - JACOM which are commonly used in treating viral fever and respiratory infectious diseases and could be affective against the ongoing pandemic novel corona virus disease SARS-CoV-2. Cresset Flare software was used for molecular docking studies against the spike protein SARS-CoV-2 (PDB ID: 6VSB). Further, we also conducted insilico prediction studies on the pharmacokinetics (ADME) properties and the safety profile in order to identify the best drug candidates by using online pkCSM and SwissADME web servers. Totally 37 compounds were screened, of these 9 compounds showed high binding affinity against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. All the phytoconstituents were free from carcinogenic and tumorigenic properties. Based on these, we proposed the new formulation called as \"SNACK-V\" CONCLUSION: Based on further experiments and clinical trials, these formulations could be used for effective treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32145465, "pmcid": "PMC7102659", "title": "A conceptual model for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China with individual reaction and governmental action.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lin, Qianying", "Zhao, Shi", "Gao, Daozhou", "Lou, Yijun", "Yang, Shu", "Musa, Salihu S", "Wang, Maggie H", "Cai, Yongli", "Wang, Weiming", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145465", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, emerged in Wuhan, China in the end of 2019, has claimed more than 2600 lives as of 24 February 2020 and posed a huge threat to global public health. The Chinese government has implemented control measures including setting up special hospitals and travel restriction to mitigate the spread. We propose conceptual models for the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan with the consideration of individual behavioural reaction and governmental actions, e.g., holiday extension, travel restriction, hospitalisation and quarantine. We employe the estimates of these two key components from the 1918 influenza pandemic in London, United Kingdom, incorporated zoonotic introductions and the emigration, and then compute future trends and the reporting ratio. The model is concise in structure, and it successfully captures the course of the COVID-19 outbreak, and thus sheds light on understanding the trends of the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32364347, "pmcid": "PMC7222621", "title": "One oral and maxillofacial surgeon's attitude toward the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Lee, Won"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364347", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424482, "pmcid": "PMC7232609", "title": "Systemic arterial thrombosis and acute mesenteric ischemia in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Azouz, Eya", "Yang, Sisi", "Monnier-Cholley, Laurence", "Arrive, Lionel"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424482", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479770, "pmcid": "PMC7258849", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Variability but not admission or trends in NEWS2 score predicts clinical outcome in elderly hospitalised patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Sze, Shirley", "Pan, Daniel", "Williams, Caroline M L", "Wong, Nicholas", "Sahota, Amandip", "Bell, David", "Tang, Julian W", "Wiselka, Martin", "Stephenson, Iain", "Pareek, Manish"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479770", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492361, "title": "Governance lessons from COVID-19.", "journal": "Aust Health Rev", "authors": ["Duckett, Stephen"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492361", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458598, "title": "[Management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): experiences from imported malaria control in China].", "journal": "Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, Y B", "Cao, J"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458598", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the local transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been effectively contained in China; however, the epidemic situation of this highly infectious disease is more and more serious outside of China. Importation of COVID-19 cases from other countries and territories is therefore becoming a new challenge for the control of COVID-19 in China. Malaria was once widely epidemic in China. Nevertheless, the local transmission of this parasitic disease has been interrupted in China since the launch of the national malaria elimination programme in 2010, and great successes have been achieved in the management of appropriately 3 thousand malaria cases imported from other countries and territories annually. Hereby, the epidemiological characteristics and current epidemic situation of COVID-19 in China were analyzed and compared with malaria. Based on the successful experiences from the management of overseas imported malaria in China, the strategy and countermeasures for COVID-19 control were proposed, so as to provide insights into the response to the importation of COVID-19 from other countries and territories and the consolidation of the control achievements in China."}, {"pmid": 32533668, "title": "Hospital pharmacist experience in a multidisciplinary team in special care settings.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Santolaya-Perrin, Rosario", "Garcia-Martin, Angeles", "Carrero-Fernandez, Ana", "Torres-Santos-Olmo, Rosario"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533668", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is placing huge strain on health systems and\u00a0professionals. Emergency departments and their pharmacy services have\u00a0been the first to face this challenge before any other pharmacy units. This\u00a0article provides a description of the experience of two public hospitals\u00a0 located\u00a0in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, Spain.\u00a0Team working and\u00a0 reciprocal trust have made it possible to meet the unprecedented\u00a0demand for\u00a0 health services and has facilitated rapid decision\u00a0making. Strategies have been\u00a0 developed to guarantee the availability, distribution\u00a0and safe use of medications. Other strategies have included favoring\u00a0communication within Emergency\u00a0 Departments pharmacy services, and\u00a0between these services and Emergency\u00a0 Departments during the pandemic.\u00a0Multidisciplinary cooperation and information\u00a0 sharing have traditionally\u00a0formed the base for efficient and quality work, along\u00a0 with solid\u00a0technologies that guarantee a safe use of medications. The crucial role of\u00a0information and communication technologies during the pandemic may\u00a0give\u00a0 rise to a new model of pharmaceutical care, which should not replace\u00a0face-to- face Emergency Department pharmacist support and advice.\u00a0Promoting the re- humanization of healthcare and pharmacy services is\u00a0essential. An adequate\u00a0 technical\u00a0training and the development of abilities\u00a0such as flexibility, planning\u00a0 and coordination skills, and an assertive communication and management of\u00a0 emotions will be key to the successful management of unimaginable settings in\u00a0 the future."}, {"pmid": 32504739, "title": "Interleukin-17: a potential therapeutic target in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Mendoza, Vicky M Montano"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504739", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412528, "pmcid": "PMC7221225", "title": "COVID-19 exposes animal agriculture's vulnerability.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Garces, Leah"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412528", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259373, "pmcid": "PMC7262363", "title": "Cytologic and histologic samples from patients infected by the novel coronavirus 2019 SARS-CoV-2: An Italian institutional experience focusing on biosafety procedures.", "journal": "Cancer Cytopathol", "authors": ["Rossi, Esther Diana", "Fadda, Guido", "Mule, Antonino", "Zannoni, Gian Franco", "Rindi, Guido"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259373", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus pandemic, which started in Wuhan, China, spread around the globe with dramatic and lethal effects. From the initial Chinese epicenter, the European diaspora taxed the resources of several countries and especially those of Italy, which was forced into a complete social and economic shutdown. Infection by droplets contaminating hands and surfaces represents the main vehicle of diffusion of the virus. The common and strong efforts to contain the pandemic have relevant effects on the management of samples from histopathology laboratories. The current commentary reports and focuses on the protocols and guidelines in use at a large tertiary Italian hospital that accordingly are proposed for adoption in Italian laboratories as a potential model for national guidelines for the coronavirus emergency."}, {"pmid": 32391370, "pmcid": "PMC7193980", "title": "The Role of Hydroxychloroquine in Coronavirus Disease 2019. A Versatile Tool at the Service of Humanity.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Tzouvelekis, Argyris", "Karampitsakos, Theodoros", "Bouros, Demosthenes"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391370", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493950, "title": "Academic leaders must support inclusive scientific communities during COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Ecol Evol", "authors": ["Maas, Bea", "Grogan, Kathleen E", "Chirango, Yolanda", "Harris, Nyeema", "Lievano-Latorre, Luisa Fernanda", "McGuire, Krista L", "Moore, Alexandria C", "Ocampo-Ariza, Carolina", "Palta, Monica Marie", "Perfecto, Ivette", "Primack, Richard B", "Rowell, Kirsten", "Sales, Lilian", "Santos-Silva, Rejane", "Silva, Rafaela Aparecida", "Sterling, Eleanor J", "Vieira, Raisa R S", "Wyborn, Carina", "Toomey, Anne"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493950", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512463, "title": "COVID-19: The wrong target for healthcare liability claims.", "journal": "Leg Med (Tokyo)", "authors": ["Parisi, Saverio G", "Viel, Guido", "Cecchi, Rossana", "Montisci, Massimo"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512463", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Regrettably, after a first moment of appreciation and praise of the citizens for healthcare personnel facing COVID 19 pandemia, numerous episodes of actions taken against them on the issue of their legal liability followed. Impelling is to start an argumentation on this problem that aims to establish a shared conduct in dealing with them. The authors propose a basis for discussion on which to begin a constructive debate."}, {"pmid": 32291894, "pmcid": "PMC7262064", "title": "Cytosine drives evolution of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Environ Microbiol", "authors": ["Danchin, Antoine", "Marliere, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291894", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125413, "pmcid": "PMC7107516", "title": "The pandemic of social media panic travels faster than the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Depoux, Anneliese", "Martin, Sam", "Karafillakis, Emilie", "Preet, Raman", "Wilder-Smith, Annelies", "Larson, Heidi"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125413", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496414, "title": "Thinking Outside the Box.: A Low-cost and Pragmatic Alternative to Aerosol Boxes for Endotracheal Intubation of COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Brown, Huong", "Preston, David", "Bhoja, Ravi"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496414", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437920, "pmcid": "PMC7211594", "title": "Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and clinical outcome in COVID-19: a report from the Italian front line.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Ciccullo, Arturo", "Borghetti, Alberto", "Zileri Dal Verme, Lorenzo", "Tosoni, Alberto", "Lombardi, Francesca", "Garcovich, Matteo", "Biscetti, Federico", "Montalto, Massimo", "Cauda, Roberto", "Di Giambenedetto, Simona"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437920", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327626, "title": "Management of inflammatory bowel disease during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol", "authors": ["Ribaldone, Davide G", "Astegiano, Marco", "Actis, Giovanni C", "Pellicano, Rinaldo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327626", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32150618, "pmcid": "PMC7108130", "title": "In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yao, Xueting", "Ye, Fei", "Zhang, Miao", "Cui, Cheng", "Huang, Baoying", "Niu, Peihua", "Liu, Xu", "Zhao, Li", "Dong, Erdan", "Song, Chunli", "Zhan, Siyan", "Lu, Roujian", "Li, Haiyan", "Tan, Wenjie", "Liu, Dongyang"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32150618", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first broke out in Wuhan (China) and subsequently spread worldwide. Chloroquine has been sporadically used in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hydroxychloroquine shares the same mechanism of action as chloroquine, but its more tolerable safety profile makes it the preferred drug to treat malaria and autoimmune conditions. We propose that the immunomodulatory effect of hydroxychloroquine also may be useful in controlling the cytokine storm that occurs late-phase in critically ill SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Currently, there is no evidence to support the use of hydroxychloroquine in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The pharmacological activity of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine was tested using SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero cells. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) were implemented for both drugs separately by integrating their in vitro data. Using the PBPK models, hydroxychloroquine concentrations in lung fluid were simulated under 5 different dosing regimens to explore the most effective regimen whilst considering the drug's safety profile. Hydroxychloroquine (EC50=0.72 \u03bcM) was found to be more potent than chloroquine (EC50=5.47 \u03bcM) in vitro. Based on PBPK models results, a loading dose of 400 mg twice daily of hydroxychloroquine sulfate given orally, followed by a maintenance dose of 200 mg given twice daily for 4 days is recommended for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it reached three times the potency of chloroquine phosphate when given 500 mg twice daily 5 days in advance. Hydroxychloroquine was found to be more potent than chloroquine to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro."}, {"pmid": 32378743, "pmcid": "PMC7267280", "title": "Acro-ischemia in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Suarez-Valle, A", "Fernandez-Nieto, D", "Diaz-Guimaraens, B", "Dominguez-Santas, M", "Carretero, I", "Perez-Garcia, B"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378743", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dermatological manifestations of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) may include unspecific macular erythematous rash, urticarial lesions and chickenpox-like vesicles1,2 . Acroischemic lesions have been described in two different types of COVID-19 patients. Firstly, critically ill patients with severe limb ischemia and secondly, paucisymptomatic young patients with chilblain-like lesions3 . The etiopathogenesis and clinical implications of these lesions remains unclear."}, {"pmid": 32432780, "title": "Self-protection of medical workers in ophthalmology clinic during COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Hua, L", "Zhu, H", "Liu, H"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432780", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a coronavirus called SARS Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has been observed that COVID-19 mainly spreads via respiratory tract, contact and digestive tract. Due to the particularity of profession, ophthalmic medical workers need to be in close contact with patients, so they have a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this paper, therefore, the self-protection of medical workers in ophthalmology clinic during COVID-19 epidemic was summarized, so as to improve the occupational protection measures for medical workers in ophthalmology clinic, strengthen the self-protection awareness, and protect the safety of such a special group."}, {"pmid": 32512587, "title": "Bleeding and Bleeding Risk in COVID-19.", "journal": "Semin Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["Dorgalaleh, Akbar"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512587", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391446, "pmcid": "PMC7205721", "title": "Noncontact endoscopy for infection-free gastric examination during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "VideoGIE", "authors": ["Pan, Jun", "Li, Zhaoshen", "Liao, Zhuan"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391446", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420938, "title": "What happens to people's lungs when they get coronavirus disease 2019?", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Frizzelli, Annalisa", "Tuttolomondo, Domenico", "Aiello, Marina", "Majori, Maria", "Bertorelli, Giuseppina", "Chetta, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420938", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was first identified in Wuhan in December 2019 as cause of the consequent novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The virus has since spread worldwide. The clinical presentation following human infection ranges from a mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. We reviewed literature using Pubmed to identify relevant English-language articles published until April 15, 2020. Search terms include novel coronavirus pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, coronavirus and ventilation. We summarized what SARS-CoV-2 infection means for the lungs."}, {"pmid": 32472383, "pmcid": "PMC7260124", "title": "COVID-19 and parasitology.", "journal": "Parasitol Res", "authors": ["de Souza, Wanderley"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472383", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32043978, "pmcid": "PMC7128127", "title": "Pandemic potential of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Thompson, Robin"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32043978", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516222, "title": "Pediatric Critical Care Medicine in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Kochanek, Patrick M", "Kudchadkar, Sapna R", "Kissoon, Niranjan"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516222", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488422, "pmcid": "PMC7265165", "title": "[Recommendations for the support of suffering, severely ill, dying or grieving persons in the corona pandemic from a palliative care perspective : Recommendations of the German Society for Palliative Medicine (DGP), the German Interdisciplinary Association for Intensive and Emergency Medicine (DIVI), the Federal Association for Grief Counseling (BVT), the Working Group for Psycho-oncology in the German Cancer Society, the German Association for Social Work in the Healthcare System (DVSG) and the German Association for Systemic Therapy, Counseling and Family Therapy (DGSF)].", "journal": "Schmerz", "authors": ["Munch, Urs", "Muller, Heidi", "Deffner, Teresa", "von Schmude, Andrea", "Kern, Martina", "Kiepke-Ziemes, Susanne", "Radbruch, Lukas"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The corona pandemic has led to a\u00a0number of restrictions and prohibitions, which in turn place large psychosocial or spiritual burdens on patients with COVID-19, their families and relatives and the treating personnel in the healthcare system. Patients with COVID-19 are not allowed to receive visitors and many hospitals and nursing homes have completely banned visitors. Many support services have been reduced or stopped completely. Necessary treatment interventions for other patients with critical and life-limiting diseases have been delayed or suspended in order to free resources for the expected COVID-19 patients; however, these people need to feel social connectedness with their relatives. Palliative care patients should be exempted from any ban on visitors. Families should be able to visit dying patients even on intensive care units or isolation wards, using adequate protective equipment. Alternative options, such as video telephone calls or via social media should be explored for patients in isolation. Families should also be enabled to say goodbye to the deceased with adequate protective equipment or should be offered alternative real or virtual options for remembrance and commemoration. Health care professionals coping with the exceptional stress should be continuously supported. This requires clear communication and leadership structures, communication training, psychosocial support, but most of all optimal framework conditions for the clinical work."}, {"pmid": 32229278, "pmcid": "PMC7270881", "title": "Telehealth: Helping your patients and practice survive and thrive during the COVID-19 crisis with rapid quality implementation.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Lee, Ivy", "Kovarik, Carrie", "Tejasvi, Trilokraj", "Pizarro, Michelle", "Lipoff, Jules B"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229278", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301300, "pmcid": "PMC7167399", "title": "Walk-Through Screening Center for COVID-19: an Accessible and Efficient Screening System in a Pandemic Situation.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Sang Il", "Lee, Ji Yong"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301300", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the ongoing novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the number of individuals that need to be tested for COVID-19 has been rapidly increasing. A walk-through (WT) screening center using negative pressure booths that is inspired by the biosafety cabinet has been designed and implemented in Korea for easy screening of COVID-19 and for safe and efficient consultation for patients with fever or respiratory symptoms. Here, we present the overall concept, advantages, and limitations of the COVID-19 WT screening center. The WT center increases patient access to the screening clinics and adequately protects healthcare personnel while reducing the consumption of personal protective equipment. It can also increase the number of people tested by 9-10 fold. However, there is a risk of cross-infection at each stage of screening treatment, including the booths, and adverse reactions with disinfection of the booths. These limitations can be overcome using mobile technology and increasing the number of booths to reduce congestion inside the center, reducing booth volume for sufficient and rapid ventilation, and using an effective, harmless, and certified environmental disinfectant. A WT center can be implemented in other institutions and countries and modified depending on local needs to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32417311, "pmcid": "PMC7228733", "title": "The role of serology for COVID-19 control: Population, kinetics and test performance do matter.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Tre-Hardy, Marie", "Blairon, Laurent", "Wilmet, Alain", "Beukinga, Ingrid", "Malonne, Hugues", "Dogne, Jean-Michel", "Douxfils, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417311", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513429, "title": "Aerosol-generating procedures in head and neck surgery - can we improve practice after COVID-19?", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Kerawala, C", "Riva, F"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513429", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on international medicine practice. The propensity for head and neck surgery to generate aerosols needs special consideration over and above simply adopting personal protective equipment. This study sought to interrogate the literature and evaluate whether which additional measures might provide benefit if routinely adopted in minimising viral transmission."}, {"pmid": 32386882, "pmcid": "PMC7187849", "title": "How Has COVID-19 Affected Our Orthopedic Implant Industry Partners? Implications for the Surgeon-Industry Relationship in 2020 and Beyond.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Warth, Lucian C", "Noiseux, Nicolas O", "Duncan, Stephen T", "Daines, S Bradley", "Mahoney, Craig R"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had far-reaching societal and financial consequences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how COVID-19 has affected AAHKS industry partners and the surgeon-industry relationship, emphasizing education, resource allocation, and strategic direction for the 2nd half of\u00a02020. AAHKS industry partners were contacted to participate in a blinded survey and optional interview with the AAHKS Industry Relations Committee. Based on the results, a group of AAHKS member surgeons with disparate practice types were asked to postulate on how the COVID-19 pandemic has and will affect their practice and relationship with Industry. AAHKS industry partner responses indicated decreased resource allocation for regional, \"other national,\" and AAHKS annual meetings (67%, 55%, and 30%, respectively). Web-based educational content was expected to increase in 2020 and will likely remain a point of emphasis in 2021 (100% and 70% of responders). For Q3/Q4 2020, a significant emphasis was placed on site of service/outpatient TJA and COVID-19-related safety measures (70% and 90% of responders), as well as increased availability of instrumentation and implants (40% and 60%, respectively). The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the orthopedic landscape for the foreseeable future. Survey responses by AAHKS industry partners demonstrate a continued commitment to surgeon education with and increasing shift to a web-based platform. Increased resource allocation for outpatient TJA and COVID-19-related safety measures were significant. Articulating optimal mechanisms to aid industry in supporting surgeons with different practice models to meet demand during the second half of fiscal year 2020 will be critical."}, {"pmid": 32301692, "pmcid": "PMC7219975", "title": "What do urologists need to know: Diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Turk J Urol", "authors": ["Ho, Hui Ching", "Hughes, Thomas", "Bozlu, Murat", "Kadioglu, Ates", "Somani, Bhaskar K"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301692", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has had unprecedented effect on healthcare systems globally with severe impact on every specialist service within the hospital including urology. While it affects the respiratory system causing symptoms ranging from fever, cough, dyspnea, diarrhea, nausea, myalgia and fatigue, it eventually causes pneumonia and respiratory distress needing oxygenation and ventilation. Laboratory diagnosis is required to confirm the diagnosis of COVID-19. Radiological changes are seen on chest XR or CT scan of patients. The surge in patients affected by the disease has led to extreme pressures on healthcare systems by the overwhelming number of critically unwell patients. This scenario has presented challenges to maintain other emergency and essential services. Reallocation of staff, wards and equipment has resulted in cancellations of many surgical procedures, requiring urologists to select only the most essential or critical procedures. The outpatient face-to-face clinics are also cancelled or changed to telephone or video consultations. In some hospitals, urologists are required to work outside of their usual scope of practice helping their respiratory and intensive care unit colleagues. The pandemic is disrupting training and education opportunities for junior medical staff. In this review we provide guidance on the diagnosis and management of COVID-19, the influence it has on urological practice and consider the long-term implications that may be of consequence for years to come."}, {"pmid": 32315879, "pmcid": "PMC7194570", "title": "Stressors of nurses in psychiatric hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Wu, Dongmei", "Jiang, Chunyan", "He, Changjiu", "Li, Chao", "Yang, Lei", "Yue, Yuchuan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315879", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32211920, "pmcid": "PMC7095212", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): update for anesthesiologists and intensivists March 2020.", "journal": "Anaesthesist", "authors": ["Thomas-Ruddel, D", "Winning, J", "Dickmann, P", "Ouart, D", "Kortgen, A", "Janssens, U", "Bauer, M"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211920", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Transmission", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has reached Germany. The majority of people infected present with mild disease, but there are severe cases that need intensive care. Unlike other acute infectious diseases progressing to sepsis, the severe courses of COVID19 seemingly show prolonged progression from onset of first symptoms to life-threatening deterioration of (primarily) lung function. Diagnosis relies on PCR using specimens from the respiratory tract. Severe ARDS reflects the hallmark of a critical course of the disease. Preventing nosocomial infections (primarily by correct use of personal protective equipment) and maintenance of hospitals' operational capability are of utmost importance. Departments of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and emergency medicine will envisage major challenges."}, {"pmid": 32403068, "pmcid": "PMC7252107", "title": "The big challenge for neurologists in treating patients with multiple sclerosis in the post-COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Naser Moghadasi, Abdorreza"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403068", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241811, "title": "Covid-19: doctors' visas are automatically extended for one year.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241811", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344319, "pmcid": "PMC7175872", "title": "Ad hoc laboratory-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 by real-time RT-PCR using minipools of RNA prepared from routine respiratory samples.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Eis-Hubinger, Anna M", "Honemann, Mario", "Wenzel, Jurgen J", "Berger, Annemarie", "Widera, Marek", "Schmidt, Barbara", "Aldabbagh, Souhaib", "Marx, Benjamin", "Streeck, Hendrik", "Ciesek, Sandra", "Liebert, Uwe G", "Huzly, Daniela", "Hengel, Hartmut", "Panning, Marcus"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344319", "countries": ["China", "Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in China in late 2019 and subsequently caused a pandemic. Surveillance is important to better appreciate this evolving pandemic and to longitudinally monitor the effectiveness of public health measures. We aimed to provide a rapid, easy to establish and costeffective laboratory-based surveillance tool for SARS-CoV-2. We used minipools of RNA prepared from nucleic acid extractions of routine respiratory samples. We technically validated the assay and distributed the protocol within an informal network of five German university laboratories. We tested a total of 70 minipools resembling 700 samples shortly before the upsurge of cases in Germany from 17.02.2020 to 10.03.2020. One minipool reacted positive and after resolution one individual sample tested SARS-CoV-2 positive. This sample was from a hospitalized patient not suspected of having contracted SARS-CoV-2. Our approach of a laboratory-based surveillance for SARSCoV-2 using minipools proved its concept is easily adaptable and resource-saving. It might assist not only public health laboratories in SARS-CoV-2 surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32458242, "pmcid": "PMC7249985", "title": "Can COVID-19 cause myalgia with a completely different mechanism? A hypothesis.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Kucuk, Adem", "Cumhur Cure, Medine", "Cure, Erkan"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458242", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294858, "title": "[CT imaging analysis of 33 cases with the 2019 novel coronavirus infection].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, R R", "Zhu, Y", "Wu, M Y", "Liu, J", "Ren, R", "Cao, Q L", "Shen, X H", "Chen, G Q", "Li, M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294858", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To explore the CT imaging features of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection in order to summarize the imaging characteristics of the disease and improve the ability of imaging diagnosis and early diagnosis of the disease. Methods: From January 13, 2020 to January 31, 2020, a total of 33 patients with 2019-nCoV infection diagnosed and treated by Suzhou Fifth People's Hospital were analyzed retrospectively, including 20 males and 13 females, with an average age of (50\u00b112) years, ranging from 20 to 70 years old. There were 3 cases of mild type, 27 cases of common type and 3 cases of severe type.There were 2 cases with hypertension, 1 case with postoperative lung,1 case with diabetes, 1 case with chronic bronchitis, and 1 case with bronchiectasis.SPSS25.0 Chi-square test was used to analyze the distribution of lesions in each lung lobe; SPSS25.0 Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the image score and clinical classification. Results: There were 3 cases (9.1%) with normal lung and 30 cases (90.9%) with Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia(COVID-19) of the 2019-nCoV infected patients. In the distribution of COVID-19, 29 cases (87.9%) were involved in bilateral lung and 1 case (3.0%) in unilateral lung. There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of lesions in each lobe. The correlation coefficient between the degree of lesion distribution and clinical classification was 0.819, and the two were highly correlated.There were 30 cases (90.9%) with subpleural lesions, 17 cases (51.5%) with central lesions. There were many kinds of lesions, 25 cases (75.8%) had ground glass density shadow, 16 cases (48.5%) had consolidation, 12 cases (36.4%) had interstitial change, and 18 cases (54.5%) had interlobular septal thickening. Among the 22 cases, 10 cases had more lesions, 6 cases had no changes and 6 cases had less lesions. Conclusion: Most of the patients with 2019-nCoV infection have pulmonary inflammation.CT manifestations include multiple parts, subpleural area or middle and lateral field of lung, ground glass shadow and consolidation, or coexistence. Some cases have pleural thickening or interlobular septal thickening. CT images can indicate the diagnosis of COVID-19 and provide important basis for early detection and disease monitoring."}, {"pmid": 32367852, "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 and novel coronavirus disease 2019: An extraordinary pandemic.", "journal": "Lung India", "authors": ["Singh, Sheetu", "Sharma, Bharat Bhushan"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367852", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has emerged as one of the most significant illnesses of the current century. It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The world was initially viewing it as a localized outbreak in Wuhan city of China; however, it started spreading quickly to other parts of the world. Globally, half-hearted containment measures and a false sense of safety against this novel coronavirus led to the dissemination of disease. Currently, no effective therapy or vaccine is available to manage this illness. After learning a huge lesson, global efforts would hopefully lead to effective control of this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32371418, "title": "Identifying rheumatic disease patients at high risk and requiring shielding during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Price, Elizabeth", "MacPhie, Elizabeth", "Kay, Lesley", "Lanyon, Peter", "Griffiths, Bridget", "Holroyd, Christopher", "Abhishek, Abhishek", "Youngstein, Taryn", "Bailey, Kathryn", "Clinch, Jacqui", "Shaikh, Muddassir", "Rivett, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371418", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rheumatology teams care for patients with diverse, systemic autoimmune diseases who are often immunosuppressed and at high risk of infections. The current COVID-19 pandemic has presented particular challenges in caring for and managing this patient group. The office of the chief medical officer (CMO) for England contacted the rheumatology community to provide expert advice on the identification of extremely vulnerable patients at very high risk during the COVID-19 pandemic who should be 'shielded'. This involves the patients being asked to strictly self-isolate for at least 12 weeks with additional funded support provided for them to remain at home. A group of rheumatologists (the authors) have devised a pragmatic guide to identifying the very highest risk group using a rapidly developed scoring system which went live simultaneous with the Government announcement on shielding and was cascaded to all rheumatologists working in England."}, {"pmid": 32275082, "pmcid": "PMC7262346", "title": "Conjunctiva is not a preferred gateway of entry for SARS-CoV-2 to infect respiratory tract.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Liu, Zhe", "Sun, Chuan-Bin"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275082", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425923, "pmcid": "PMC7204543", "title": "Could the Inhibition of Endo-Lysosomal Two-Pore Channels (TPCs) by the Natural Flavonoid Naringenin Represent an Option to Fight SARS-CoV-2 Infection?", "journal": "Front Microbiol", "authors": ["Filippini, Antonio", "D'Amore, Antonella", "Palombi, Fioretta", "Carpaneto, Armando"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425923", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523931, "pmcid": "PMC7279904", "title": "Fatal Ischaemic Stroke During COVID-19 and Acute Lung Injury.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Duroi, Iris", "Van Durme, Frederik", "Bruyns, Tony", "Louage, Sofie", "Heyse, Alex"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523931", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe COVID-19 may predispose to both venous and arterial thrombosis. We describe a patient with acute ischaemic stroke while suffering from COVID-19 and respiratory failure, necessitating mechanical ventilation. Deep sedation may delay diagnosis. A thrombotic stroke can complicate severe COVID-19.Prolonged deep sedation during mechanical ventilation of COVID-19 patients may delay the diagnosis of stroke.The hypercoagulability and a thrombo-inflammatory response in COVID-19 is characterized by an increase in D-dimers and fibrinogen."}, {"pmid": 32301757, "title": "Interpretations of \"Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 7)\".", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Zhao, Jing-Ya", "Yan, Jia-Yang", "Qu, Jie-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301757", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414417, "pmcid": "PMC7228434", "title": "Therapeutic plasma exchange as a routine therapy in septic shock and as an experimental treatment for COVID-19: we are not sure.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Honore, Patrick M", "Mugisha, Aude", "Kugener, Luc", "Redant, Sebastien", "Attou, Rachid", "Gallerani, Andrea", "De Bels, David"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414417", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283291, "pmcid": "PMC7146708", "title": "Psychiatry hospital management facing COVID-19: From medical staff to patients.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Shao, Ying", "Shao, Yang", "Fei, Jian-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283291", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429123, "title": "The Need for the Right Socio-Economic and Cultural Fit in the COVID-19 Response in Sub-Saharan Africa: Examining Demographic, Economic Political, Health, and Socio-Cultural Differentials in COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Renzaho, Andre M N"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429123", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread quickly across the globe with devastating effects on the global economy as well as the regional and societies' socio-economic fabrics and the way of life for vast populations. The nonhomogeneous continent faces local contextual complexities that require locally relevant and culturally appropriate COVID-19 interventions. This paper examines demographic, economic, political, health, and socio-cultural differentials in COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The health systems need to be strengthened through extending the health workforce by mobilizing and engaging the diaspora, and implementing the International Health Regulations (2005) core capacities. In the absence of adequate social protection and welfare programs targeting the poor during the pandemic, sub-Saharan African countries need to put in place flexible but effective policies and legislation approaches that harness and formalise the informal trade and remove supply chain barriers. This could include strengthening cross-border trade facilities such as adequate pro-poor, gender-sensitive, and streamlined cross-border customs, tax regimes, and information flow. The emphasis should be on cross-border infrastructure that not only facilitates trade through efficient border administration but can also effectively manage cross-border health threats. There is an urgent need to strengthen social protection systems to make them responsive to crises, and embed them within human rights-based approaches to better support vulnerable populations and enact health and social security benefits. The COVI-19 response needs to adhere to the well-established 'do no harm' principle to prevent further damage or suffering as a result of the pandemic and examined through local lenses to inform peace-building initiatives that may yield long-term gains in the post-COVID-19 recovery efforts."}, {"pmid": 32524375, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: personal view to a new model of pediatric practice.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Barsoum, Zakaria"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524375", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411358, "pmcid": "PMC7195895.2", "title": "A review of open source ventilators for COVID-19 and future pandemics.", "journal": "F1000Res", "authors": ["Pearce, Joshua M"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411358", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) threatens to overwhelm our medical infrastructure at the regional level causing spikes in mortality rates because of shortages of critical equipment, like ventilators. Fortunately, with the recent development and widespread deployment of small-scale manufacturing technologies like RepRap-class 3-D printers and open source microcontrollers, mass distributed manufacturing of ventilators has the potential to overcome medical supply shortages. In this study, after providing a background on ventilators, the academic literature is reviewed to find the existing and already openly-published, vetted designs for ventilators systems. These articles are analyzed to determine if the designs are open source both in spirit (license) as well as practical details (e.g. possessing accessible design source files, bill of materials, assembly instructions, wiring diagrams, firmware and software as well as operation and calibration instructions). Next, the existing Internet and gray literature are reviewed for open source ventilator projects and designs. The results of this review found that the tested and peer-reviewed systems lacked complete documentation and the open systems that were documented were either at the very early stages of design (sometimes without even a prototype) and were essentially only basically tested (if at all). With the considerably larger motivation of an ongoing pandemic, it is assumed these projects will garner greater attention and resources to make significant progress to reach a functional and easily-replicated system. There is a large amount of future work needed to move open source ventilators up to the level considered scientific-grade equipment, and even further work needed to reach medical-grade hardware. Future work is needed to achieve the potential of this approach by developing policies, updating regulations, and securing funding mechanisms for the development and testing of open source ventilators for both the current COVID19 pandemic as well as for future pandemics and for everyday use in low-resource settings."}, {"pmid": 32437032, "title": "Care in the time of coronavirus: Ethical considerations in head and neck oncology.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Gordin, Eli A", "Day, Andrew", "Stankova, Lenka", "Heitman, Elizabeth", "Sadler, John"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437032", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As COVID-19 continues to challenge the practice of head and neck oncology, clinicians are forced to make new decisions in the setting of the pandemic that impact the safety of their patients, their institutions, and themselves. The difficulty inherent in these decisions is compounded by potentially serious ramifications to the welfare of patients and health-care staff, amid a scarcity of data on which to base informed choices. This paper explores the risks of COVID-19 incurred while striving to uphold the standard of care in head and neck oncology. The ethical problems are assessed from the perspective of the patient with cancer, health-care provider, and other patients within the health-care system. While no single management algorithm for head and neck cancer can be universally implemented, a detailed examination of these issues is necessary to formulate ethically sound treatment strategies."}, {"pmid": 32501955, "title": "Closed-suction System for Intubated COVID-19 Patients with the Use of an Ultrasound Probe Cover.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Vargas, Maria", "Servillo, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501955", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426062, "pmcid": "PMC7227592", "title": "Impact of complete lockdown on total infection and death rates: A hierarchical cluster analysis.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Ghosal, Samit", "Bhattacharyya, Rahul", "Majumder, Milan"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426062", "countries": ["Italy", "Sweden", "France", "Malaysia", "Korea, Republic of", "India", "Germany", "Austria", "Spain", "United Kingdom", "New Zealand", "Poland", "Belgium", "Hungary"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Retarding the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection by preventive strategies is the first line of management. Several countries have declared a stringent lockdown in order to enforce social distancing and prevent the spread of infection. This analysis was conducted in an attempt to understand the impact of lockdown on infection and death rates over a period of time in countries with declared lock-down. A validated database was used to generate data related to countries with declared lockdown. Simple regression analysis was conducted to assess the rate of change in infection and death rates. Subsequently, a k-means and hierarchical cluster analysis was done to identify the countries that performed similarly. Sweden and South Korea were included as counties without lockdown in a second-phase cluster analysis. There was a significant 61% and 43% reduction in infection rates 1-week post lockdown in the overall and India cohorts, respectively, supporting its effectiveness. Countries with higher baseline infections and deaths (Spain, Germany, Italy, UK, and France-cluster 1) fared poorly compared to those who declared lockdown early on (Belgium, Austria, New Zealand, India, Hungary, Poland and Malaysia-cluster 2). Sweden and South Korea, countries without lock-down, fared as good as the countries in cluster 2. Lockdown has proven to be an effective strategy is slowing down the SARS-CoV-2 disease progression (infection rate and death) exponentially. The success story of non-lock-down countries (Sweden and South Korea) need to be explored in detail, to identify the variables responsible for the positive results."}, {"pmid": 32355115, "pmcid": "PMC7224619", "title": "Trauma does not Quarantine: Violence during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Hatchimonji, Justin S", "Swendiman, Robert A", "Seamon, Mark J", "Nance, Michael L"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355115", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424489, "title": "Data Analysis of Infection Rates Among Exposed Healthcare Workers Could Reveal Effective Prophylactics Against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Adv Exp Med Biol", "authors": ["Nunez-Mujica, Guido", "Kichuk, Therese", "Carrasco-Lopez, Cesar"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424489", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global crisis provoked by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and the economic and social consequences associated to the essential policies applied to contain it, necessitates the expedited development of therapeutic solutions. It is a priority to produce data both rapidly and accurately in order to identify current therapies that can be repurposed to offer protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection. As healthcare workers are both at high risk for infection and able to be readily diagnosed, they offer a potential wealth of data to be analyzed. A systematic data analysis of exposure and infection rates among healthcare workers could yield patterns identifying common protective factors, such as medications with prophylactic potential against SARS-CoV-2, that can be fast-tracked into available therapies. With results suggesting their activity against other coronaviruses and their widespread adoption, Antiretroviral cocktails could be a promising initial target for such large-scale data analysis approach."}, {"pmid": 32369613, "title": "Effectiveness of a COVID-19 screening questionnaire for pregnant women at admission to an obstetric unit in Milan.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Tassis, Beatrice", "Lunghi, Giovanna", "Frattaruolo, Maria P", "Ruggiero, Marta", "Somigliana, Edgardo", "Ferrazzi, Enrico"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369613", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249847, "pmcid": "PMC7132547", "title": "In the eye of the COVID-19 cytokine storm.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Vaninov, Natalie"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249847", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338224, "title": "Focus on Receptors for Coronaviruses with Special Reference to Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 as a Potential Drug Target - A Perspective.", "journal": "Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets", "authors": ["Magrone, Thea", "Magrone, Manrico", "Jirillo, Emilio"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338224", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) possess an enveloped, single, positive-stranded RNA genome which encodes for four membrane proteins, namely spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins 3-5 [1]. With regard to pathogenicity, S proteins are essential for viral entry into host cells [2, 3]. SARS-CoV binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)2 which is present on nonimmune cells, such as respiratory and intestinal epithelial cells, endothelial cells, kidney cells (renal tubules) and cerebral neurons and immune cells, such as alveolar monocytes/macrophages [4-6]. Of note, CD209L or liver/lymph node special intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (SIGN) and dendritic cell (DC)-SIGN are alternative receptors for SARS-CoV but with lower affinity [7]. In the case of MERS-CoV, S proteins bind to the host cell receptor dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4 or CD26) which is broadly expressed on intestinal, alveolar, renal, hepatic and prostate cells as well as on activated leukocytes [8]. Then, viruses replicate in target cells with release of mature virions, which, in turn, invade new target cells [9]. Evidence has been provided that SARSCoV proteins are cleaved into two subunits, S1 and S2, respectively, and the amino acids 318-510 of the S1 represent the receptor-binding domain (RBD) which binds to ACE2 [10, 11]. Quite importantly, in the context of RBD there is the receptor-binding motif (RBM) (amino acids 424- 494), which accounts for complete binding to ACE2 [11]. Moreover, by means of two residues at positions 479 and 487 RBD allows virus progression and tropism [10, 11]. In the case of MERSCoV, its RBM binds to DPP4 with residues 484-567, thus, suggesting that its RBD differs from that of SARS-CoV [12, 13]. In a very recent paper, Wan and associates [14] have investigated the receptor recognition by COVID-19 (a new term to indicate the 2019-nCoV in Wuhan) on the bases of structural studies. In this respect, the sequence of COVID-19 RBM is similar to that of SARSCoV, thus, implicating that ACE2 may represent the binding receptors for COVID-19. Furthermore, gln493 residue of COVID-19 RBM seems to allow interaction with human ACE2, thus, suggesting the ability of this virus to infect human cells. According, to Wan and associates structural analysis [14], COVID-19 binds to human ACE2 with a lesser efficiency than human SARS-CoV (2002) but with higher affinity than human SARS-CoV (2003). Furthermore, same authors predicted that a single mutation at the 501 position may enhance the COVID-19 RBD binding capacity to human ACE2 and this evolution should be monitored in infected patients [14]. These predictive findings by Wan and associates [14] are confirmed by two contemporary studies by Letko and Muster [15] and Peng and associates [16]. In particular, the report by Peng and associates [16], points out the possible origin of COVID-19 from bats [16]. From a pathogenic point of view, evidence has been provided that binding of S2 to ACE2 receptor leads to its down-regulation with subsequent lung damage in the course of SARS-CoV infection [17]. Down-regulation of ACE2 causes excessive production of angiotensin (ANG) II by the related enzyme ACE with stimulation of ANG type 1a receptor (AT1R) and enhanced lung vascular permeability [18]. In particular, same authors have reported that recombinant ACE2 could attenuate severe acute lung injury in mice [18]. Moreover, Battle and associates [19] also proposed to use already available recombinant ACE2 for intercepting COVID-19 and attenuating infection. In the previous paragraphs, the presence of ACE2 on immune cells has been pointed out and, by analogy to epithelial cells, this receptor may also be down-regulated following viral entry. Therefore, in CoV-infected animal models and in infected humans further investigations are required to clarify a possible reduced expression of ACE2 on immune cells. In fact, in the course of SARS-CoV infection, a number of immune disorders have been detected. Three reports have demonstrated the ability of CoV to inhibit interferon (IFN)-\uf062 production in the course of SARS acting as IFN antagonist [20-22]. In senescent Balb/c mice, depletion of T lymphocytes is associated to more severe interstitial pneumonitis and delayed clearance of SARS-CoV, thus, suggesting a protective role played by these cells [23]. In this connection, both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have been shown to induce T cell apoptosis, thus, aggravating the clinical course of disease [24, 25]. Quite interestingly, memory CD8+ T cells specific for SARS-CoV M and N proteins have been detected up to 11 years post-infection [26]. As far as humoral immune responsiveness is concerned, evidence has been provided that S1 subunit from MERS-CoV is highly immunogenic in mice [27]. Moreover, monoclonal antibodies have been shown to be highly neutralizing against MERS-CoV replication and endowed with post exposure effectiveness in susceptible mice [28, 29]. Human neutralizing antibodies have also been isolated from a recovered patient, thus, suggesting the role of humoral immunity in the control of the persistence of CoV in the host [30]. In particular, IgG response occurs early in infection and its prolonged production may serve for virus clearance during recovery also in view of the absence of viremia in convalescent sera from SARS patients [31]. According to current literature, severity of COVID-19 infection correlates with lymphopenia and patients who died from COVID-19 had lower lymphocyte counts when compared to survivors [32, 33]. These data suggest that lymphocyte-mediated anti-viral activity is poorly effective against COVID-19. Despite lymphopenia, evidence for an exaggerate release of proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6] has been reported in the course acute respiratory syndrome in COVID19 infected patients, thus, aggravating the clinical course of disease [34]. As recently reported, during COVID-19 pandemic in both Italy and China higher frequency of fatalities have been observed in the frail elderly population with previous comorbidities [35]. It is well known that decline of immunity occurs in ageing and, therefore, COVID-19 may gain easier access to the respiratory tract in frail elderly patients [36]. There is evidence that ACE2 protects from severe acute lung failure and operates as a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) [18, 37]. It is well known that ANG II via activation of the AT1R promotes detrimental effects on the host, such as, vasoconstriction, reactive oxygen species generation, inflammation and matrix remodelling [38]. ACE2 counterbalances the noxious effects exhibited by ANG II and AT1R via activation of AT2R which arrests cell growth, inflammation and fibrosis [39]. In this framework, Gurwitz [40] proposed to use AT1R blockers, such as losartan, as a potential treatment of COVID-19 infection. In fact, losartan as well as olmesartan, used for treating hypertension in patients, were able to increase ACE2 expression after 28 days treatment of rats with myocardial infarction [41]. Then, Gurwitz suggests to evaluate severity of symptoms in COVID-19 infected patients under previous chronic treatment with AT1R blockers in comparison to COVID-19 infected patients who did not take AT1R blockers [40]. Quite interestingly, 75% of aged COVID-19 infected patients admitted to Italian hospitals had hypertension [unpublished data]. However, the putative effects of ACE-2 down-regulation on the cardiovascular system in the course of COVID-19 pandemic need more intensive studies. Taken together, these evidences suggest that CoV-induced down-regulation of ACE2 activates RAS with collateral damage to organs, such as lungs, in the course of SARS-related pneumonia. Then, putative therapeutic measures aimed at increasing ACE2 levels on respiratory epithelial cells should be taken into serious consideration. Quite interestingly, over the past few years, three key papers have demonstrated the ability of a polyphenol, resveratrol (RES), to experimentally deactivate the RAS system in maternal and post-weaning high fat diet, arterial ageing and high fat diet, respectively [42-44]. In all these experimental models, RES led to an increase of ACE2 with reduction of organ damage, such as liver steatosis and aorta media thickness and decrease of adipose tissue mass, respectively. As far as the mechanism of action of RES is concerned, this polyphenol is able to activate sirtuin (Sirt)1 [45-47]. In turn, Sirt1 down-regulates AT1R expression via ACE2 up-regulation [43, 48]. Of importance, Lin and associates [48] have demonstrated the ability of RES to in vitro inhibit MERS-CoV infection of Vero E6 cells, thus, prolonging cell survival in virtue of an anti-apoptotic mechanism. These findings suggest a direct antiviral effect exerted by RES. It would be very interestingly to evaluate the direct effects of RES on COVID-19, in vitro. The data above discussed strongly suggest, that RES, as an activators of ACE2, should be investigated in animal models of CoV-induced severe pneumonia, also taking into account the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects exerted by polyphenols [49]. Then, successful animal studies may pave the way for RES-based human trials in COVID-infected patients. Note added in proof During the reviewing process of this perspective other related papers have been published. Hanff and associates [50] have discussed the possible association between COVID-19-associated cardiovascular mortality and dysregulation of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS). From a pharmacologic point of view, RAS inhibition leads to upregulation of ACE2, thus, attenuating acute respiratory syndrome and myocarditis in COVID-19-infected patients. Conversely, increase in ACE2 expression may facilitate the access into the host of COVID-19, thus, aggravating the clinical picture. Such a dilemma would be solved by clinical trials based on RAS blockade or initiation and monitoring related effects. Contemporarily, Danser and associates [51] claim that there is no evidence to stop RAS blockers in the course of COVID-19 infection. In fact, there are no available data which support that ACE inhibitors or ANG II type I receptor blockers increase COVID-19 infection via its binding to ACE2. Finally, Kuster and associates [52] write that there are no data on the strict relationship between ACE2 activity and SARS-CoV2 mortality. Moreover, in the SARSCoV2, cells expressing ACE2 were not attacked by the virus, while cells lacking ACE2 were bound by the SARS-CoV2 virus [53]. These findings suggest that also in the case of RES effects on COVID-19 infection, the dual role of ACE2 should be taken into serious consideration."}, {"pmid": 32379312, "pmcid": "PMC7239200", "title": "What COVID-19 is taking away from us.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Mapelli, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379312", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246822, "pmcid": "PMC7184485", "title": "Potential False-Negative Nucleic Acid Testing Results for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 from Thermal Inactivation of Samples with Low Viral Loads.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Pan, Yang", "Long, Luyao", "Zhang, Daitao", "Yuan, Tingting", "Cui, Shujuan", "Yang, Peng", "Wang, Quanyi", "Ren, Simei"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246822", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has spread widely throughout the world since the end of 2019. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) has played an important role in patient diagnosis and management of COVID-19. In some circumstances, thermal inactivation at 56\u00b0C has been recommended to inactivate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) before NAT. However, this procedure could theoretically disrupt nucleic acid integrity of this single-stranded RNA virus and cause false negatives in real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests. We investigated whether thermal inactivation could affect the results of viral NAT. We examined the effects of thermal inactivation on the quantitative RT-PCR results of SARS-CoV-2, particularly with regard to the rates of false-negative results for specimens carrying low viral loads. We additionally investigated the effects of different specimen types, sample preservation times, and a chemical inactivation approach on NAT. Our study showed increased Ct values in specimens from diagnosed COVID-19 patients in RT-PCR tests after thermal incubation. Moreover, about half of the weak-positive samples (7 of 15 samples, 46.7%) were RT-PCR negative after heat inactivation in at least one parallel testing. The use of guanidinium-based lysis for preservation of these specimens had a smaller impact on RT-PCR results with fewer false negatives (2 of 15 samples, 13.3%) and significantly less increase in Ct values than heat inactivation. Thermal inactivation adversely affected the efficiency of RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 detection. Given the limited applicability associated with chemical inactivators, other approaches to ensure the overall protection of laboratory personnel need consideration."}, {"pmid": 32296828, "pmcid": "PMC7184395", "title": "Potential Neurologic and Oncologic Implications of the Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "Neuro Oncol", "authors": ["Aaroe, Ashley", "Majd, Nazanin", "Weathers, Shiao-Pei", "de Groot, John"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296828", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506792, "title": "Organ Transplantation during COVID-19 Pandemic: Making the Best Patient Care Decision.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Mujtaba, Muhammad", "Kueht, Michael", "Merwat, Shehzad", "Hussain, Syed", "Gamilla-Crudo, Ann Kathleen", "Kulkarni, Rupak", "Merwat, Sheharyar", "Fair, Jeff"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506792", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is with great interest and sadness that we read the experience of Akalin et al. and Pereira et al. with unprecedented mortality (18-28%) in transplant recipients in New York City, New York. High mortality reports in transplant patients have created anxiety among some community practitioners as evidence as to why transplants should not be performed at this time, contrary to the recommendations from multiple transplant organizations."}, {"pmid": 32289051, "pmcid": "PMC7129441", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia manifestations at the admission on chest ultrasound, radiographs, and CT: single-center study and comprehensive radiologic literature review.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol Open", "authors": ["Lomoro, Pascal", "Verde, Francesco", "Zerboni, Filippo", "Simonetti, Igino", "Borghi, Claudia", "Fachinetti, Camilla", "Natalizi, Anna", "Martegani, Alberto"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289051", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the imaging features of emerging COVID-19 pneumonia on chest ultrasound (US), radiographs (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) examinations performed at admission and to provide a comprehensive radiological literature review on ongoing radiological data from recent publications. In this retrospective single-center study, we enrolled consecutive patients from February 15, 2020, to March 15, 2020, with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized in Valduce Hospital (Como, Italy). Multi-modality imaging findings were evaluated and compared. Literature research was conducted through a methodical search on Pubmed and Embase databases. Fifty-eight patients (36 men, 22 women; age range, 18-98 years) were included in the study. Among these, chest US, CXR, and CT were performed respectively in twenty-two, thirty-two and forty-two patients. Lung US findings were consistent with diffuse B lines (100%) and subpleural consolidations (27.3%). CXR showed prevalent manifestations of consolidations (46.9%) and hazy increased opacities (37.5%). Typical CT features included bilateral and multilobar ground-glass opacities (GGO) with (59.5%) and without (35.7%) consolidations having a predominantly peripheral distribution (64.3%). Other imaging features included crazy paving pattern (57.1%), fibrous stripes (50%), subpleural lines (35.7%), architectural distortion (28.6%), air bronchogram sign (26.2%), vascular thickening (23.8%) and nodules (2.4%). Also, enlarged lymph nodes (14.3 %) and pleural effusion (7.1%) were observed. The literature review identified twenty-six original studies supporting our imaging chest findings. The spectrum of chest imaging manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia upon admission includes B-lines and consolidations on US, consolidations and hazy increased opacities on CXR, and multifocal GGO with consolidations on CT."}, {"pmid": 32531892, "title": "Changes in Dietary Behaviours during the COVID-19 Outbreak Confinement in the Spanish COVIDiet Study.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Perez, Celia", "Molina-Montes, Esther", "Verardo, Vito", "Artacho, Reyes", "Garcia-Villanova, Belen", "Guerra-Hernandez, Eduardo Jesus", "Ruiz-Lopez, Maria Dolores"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531892", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to evaluate whether dietary behaviours of the Spanish adult population were changed during the COVID-19 outbreak confinement. For that purpose, an online questionnaire, based on 44 items including socio-demographic data, Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) Adherence Screener (MEDAS) as a reference of a healthy diet, processed foods intake, changes in their usual food choices and weight gain was distributed using social media and snowball sampling. A total of 7514 participants (37% aged below 35 years, 70.6% female, 77.9% university-level education or higher) from all the Spanish territory completed the questionnaire. Results outlined healthier dietary behaviours during the confinement when compared to previous habits. Overall, the MEDAS score (ranging from 0 to 14, whereby higher a scoring reflects greater adherence to the MedDiet) increased significantly from 6.53 \u00b1 2 to 7.34 \u00b1 1.93 during the confinement. Multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for age, gender, region and other variables, showed a statistically significant higher likelihood of changing the adherence to the MedDiet (towards an increase in adherence) in those persons who decreased the intake of fried foods, snacks, fast foods, red meat, pastries or sweet beverages, but increased MedDiet-related foods such as olive oil, vegetables, fruits or legumes during the confinement. COVID-19 confinement in Spain has led to the adoption of healthier dietary habits/behaviours in the studied population, as reflected by a higher adherence to the MedDiet. This improvement, if sustained in the long-term, could have a positive impact on the prevention of chronic diseases and COVID-19-related complications."}, {"pmid": 32324641, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 infection and the cardiovascular system.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)", "authors": ["Romeo, Francesco", "Calcaterra, Giuseppe", "Barilla, Francesco", "Mehta, Jawahar L"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324641", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418875, "pmcid": "PMC7252099", "title": "COVID-19 and Acute Heart Failure: Screening the Critically Ill - A Position Statement of the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ).", "journal": "Heart Lung Circ", "authors": ["Lal, Sean", "Hayward, Christopher S", "De Pasquale, Carmine", "Kaye, David", "Javorsky, George", "Bergin, Peter", "Atherton, John J", "Ilton, Marcus K", "Weintraub, Robert G", "Nair, Priya", "Rudas, Mate", "Dembo, Lawrence", "Doughty, Robert N", "Kumarasinghe, Gayathri", "Juergens, Craig", "Bannon, Paul G", "Bart, Nicole K", "Chow, Clara K", "Lattimore, Jo-Dee", "Kritharides, Leonard", "Totaro, Richard", "Macdonald, Peter S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418875", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Up to one-third of COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care develop an acute cardiomyopathy, which may represent myocarditis or stress cardiomyopathy. Further, while mortality in older patients with COVID-19 appears related to multi-organ failure complicating acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the cause of death in younger patients may be related to acute heart failure. Cardiac involvement needs to be considered early on in critically ill COVID-19 patients, and even after the acute respiratory phase is passing. This Statement presents a screening algorithm to better identify COVID-19 patients at risk for severe heart failure and circulatory collapse, while balancing the need to protect health care workers and preserve personal protective equipment (PPE). The significance of serum troponin levels and the role of telemetry and targeted transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in patient investigation and management are addressed, as are fundamental considerations in the management of acute heart failure in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32429722, "title": "Antenatal corticosteroids for pregnant women with COVID-19 infection and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes: a decision analysis.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Clarice G", "Packer, Claire H", "Hersh, Alyssa R", "Caughey, Aaron B"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429722", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: While antenatal corticosteroids are routinely used to decrease adverse neonatal outcomes following preterm delivery, corticosteroids are also associated with worse outcomes in patients with viral respiratory infections. Currently in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is unclear whether antenatal corticosteroids for infant benefit outweigh the potential harm to a pregnant woman with a COVID-19 infection.Objective: To determine at which gestational ages administering antenatal corticosteroids is the optimal management strategy for hospitalized women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) who have a COVID-19 infection.Methods: We designed a decision-analytic model to assess the maternal and infant outcomes associated with antenatal corticosteroid administration for risk of preterm delivery following rupture of membranes in the setting of a COVID-19 infection. We used a theoretical cohort of 10,000 women at each gestational age between 24 and 32\u2009weeks who were hospitalized with PPROM and found to be COVID-19 positive. Maternal outcomes included intensive care unit admission and death related to COVID-19 infection. The infant outcomes of interest included respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, neurodevelopmental delay, and death, and were assessed along with maternal and infant quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate model assumptions.Results: In our theoretical cohort of 10,000 women with COVID-19 infection and preterm prelabor rupture of membrane between 24 and 32\u2009weeks, corticosteroid administration resulted in 2,200 women admitted to the ICU and 110 maternal deaths at each gestational age. No antenatal corticosteroid use resulted in 1,500 ICU admissions and 75 maternal deaths at each gestational age. Antenatal corticosteroid administration also resulted in fewer cases of respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, and infant death. Overall, we found that between 24 and 30\u2009weeks of gestation, administering antenatal corticosteroids was the optimal management strategy as it resulted in higher combined QALYs than no corticosteroid use. For 31 and 32\u2009weeks of gestation, antenatal corticosteroid administration resulted in lower combined QALYs. On sensitivity analyses, we found that with increasing gestational age, the probability which antenatal corticosteroids was the optimal management strategy decreased.Conclusion: Administration of antenatal corticosteroids was an effective management strategy compared to no corticosteroid administration at gestational ages less than 31\u2009weeks. These results provide data for clinicians to utilize when counseling pregnant patients hospitalized with PPROM and have a COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32482571, "pmcid": "PMC7198134", "title": "Consensus statement. Corticosteroid therapy in ENT in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Herman, P", "Vincent, C", "Parietti Winkler, C", "Loundon, N", "Couloigner, V", "Tankere, F", "Tringali, S", "Gallet, P", "Papon, J-F", "Montava, M", "Lavieille, J-P", "Charpiot, A", "Schmerber, S"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482571", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This consensus statement about the indications and modalities of corticosteroid treatment in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic was jointly written by experts from the French Association of Otology and Oto-Neurology (AFON) and from the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery (SFORL). There is currently not enough data in favour of danger or benefit from corticosteroids in COVID-19, so until this matter is resolved it is advisable to limit their indications to the most serious clinical pictures for which it is well established that this type of treatment has a positive impact on the progression of symptoms. In Grade V and VI Bell's palsy according to the House-Brackmann grading system, a week's course of oral corticosteroids is recommended. Corticosteroid therapy is also recommended in cases of sudden hearing loss of more than 60dB, either in the form of intratympanic injections or a week's course of oral medication. In rhinology, there is no indication for systemic corticosteroid therapy in the current situation. However, patients are advised to continue with their local corticosteroid therapy in the form of a nasal spray or by inhalation. Treatments with corticosteroid nasal sprays can still be prescribed if there is no alternative. Finally, systemic or local corticosteroid therapy is not indicated for bacterial ENT infections."}, {"pmid": 32346873, "pmcid": "PMC7267538", "title": "Epidemiological and clinical features of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Xu, Tianmin", "Huang, Rui", "Zhu, Li", "Wang, Jian", "Cheng, Juan", "Zhang, Biao", "Zhao, Haiyan", "Chen, Kang", "Shao, Huaping", "Zhu, Chuanwu", "Wu, Chao", "Liu, Longgen"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346873", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few studies reported the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients with completely asymptomatic throughout the disease course. We investigated the epidemiological and clinical features of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 without any symptoms. Patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were retrospectively recruited. The demographic characteristics, clinical data, treatment, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients without any symptoms were analyzed. Fifteen (4.4%) of 342 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients did not develop any symptom during the course of the disease. The median time from exposure to diagnosis was 7.0 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.0-15.0 days). Of the 15 patients, 14 patients were diagnosed by tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in throat swabs, while one patient was only tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in anal swabs. During hospitalization, only 1 (6.7%) patient developed lymphopenia. Abnormalities of chest computed tomography examinations were detected in 8 (53.4%) patients on admission. As of 8 March 2020, all patients have been discharged. The median time of SARS-CoV-2 tested negative from admission was 7.0 days (IQR: 4.0-9.0 days). Patients without any symptoms but with SARS-CoV-2 exposure should be closely monitored and tested for SARS-CoV-2 both in anal and throat swabs to excluded the infection. Asymptomatic patients infected by SARS-CoV-2 have favorable outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32450718, "title": "Ophthalmology and SARS-CoV-2: Blind toward those who fight blindness?", "journal": "Eur J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Arrigo, Alessandro", "Aragona, Emanuela", "Parodi, Maurizio Battaglia", "Loperfido, Francesco", "Bandello, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450718", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection recently reached pandemic proportions, with high risk of death for the worldwide population. In this dramatic scenario, all the resources are addressed to the intensive care units for the assessment of the emergency. However, more attention should be paid with respect to the risk of viral diffusion among asymptomatic people. Italy is the second most involved country in the world, and we needed to gain a lot of experience in a very limited time. At least 1\u00a0m of distance among people is recommended; however, some clinical practices cannot allow this distance. In this context, we believe that the careful safety assessment of clinical settings, like ophthalmologic ones, may have a remarkable impact on the fight against SARS-CoV-2 spread."}, {"pmid": 32302812, "pmcid": "PMC7151460", "title": "Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ogen, Yaron"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302812", "countries": ["Germany", "Italy", "France", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is an ambient trace-gas result of both natural and anthropogenic processes. Long-term exposure to NO2 may cause a wide spectrum of severe health problems such as hypertension, diabetes, heart and cardiovascular diseases and even death. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between long-term exposure to NO2 and coronavirus fatality. The Sentinel-5P is used for mapping the tropospheric NO2 distribution and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis for evaluating the atmospheric capability to disperse the pollution. The spatial analysis has been conducted on a regional scale and combined with the number of death cases taken from 66 administrative regions in Italy, Spain, France and Germany. Results show that out of the 4443 fatality cases, 3487 (78%) were in five regions located in north Italy and central Spain. Additionally, the same five regions show the highest NO2 concentrations combined with downwards airflow which prevent an efficient dispersion of air pollution. These results indicate that the long-term exposure to this pollutant may be one of the most important contributors to fatality caused by the COVID-19 virus in these regions and maybe across the whole world."}, {"pmid": 32501330, "pmcid": "PMC7252062", "title": "Shielded from harm.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Arnold, Carrie"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501330", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For some, covid-19 is fatal, but others have no symptoms at all. How can we predict who will get seriously sick - and how best to protect them? Carrie Arnold reports."}, {"pmid": 32066525, "pmcid": "PMC7133601", "title": "Full spectrum of COVID-19 severity still being depicted.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Xu, Zhou", "Li, Shu", "Tian, Shen", "Li, Hao", "Kong, Ling-Quan"], "date": "2020-02-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32066525", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425315, "pmcid": "PMC7227588", "title": "Are we equal in adversity? Does Covid-19 affect women and men differently?", "journal": "Maturitas", "authors": ["Serge, Rozenberg", "Vandromme, Jean", "Charlotte, Martin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425315", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article examines whether women are less prone than men to Covid-19 infections and their complications. We reviewed available databases and searched systematically for publications. To be taken into account, data had to be broken down by gender. There was no study evaluation nor quantification synthesis, due to the large heterogeneity of the studies. Nineteen databases were selected. 73 publications were considered and 33 were selected, to which 12 more were added. Globally, the proportion of men and women who tested positive is comparable. However, men are about 60% more likely to be severely ill or to die from the complications of Covid-19 than are women. The study was hampered by a large heterogeneity in testing and reporting of the data. Although in the pandemic men die more frequently than women from Covid-19, it is not clear whether this is due to biological differences between men and women, differences in behavioral habits, or differences in the rates of co-morbidities. Countries and studies should report their data by age, gender and co-morbidities. This may have implications in terms of vaccination strategies, the choice of treatments and future consequences for long-term health issues concerning gender equality."}, {"pmid": 32358216, "title": "CREST-2 experience with the evolving challenges of COVID-19: A clinical trial in a pandemic.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Meschia, James F", "Barrett, Kevin M", "Brown, Robert D Jr", "Turan, Tanya N", "Howard, Virginia J", "Voeks, Jenifer H", "Lal, Brajesh K", "Howard, George", "Brott, Thomas G"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has disrupted the lives of whole communities and nations. The multinational multicenter National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Carotid Revascularization and Medical Management for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis Trial stroke prevention trial rapidly experienced the effects of the pandemic and had to temporarily suspend new enrollments and shift patient follow-up activities from in-person clinic visits to telephone contacts. There is an ethical obligation to the patients to protect their health while taking every feasible step to ensure that the goals of the trial are successfully met. Here, we describe the effects of the pandemic on the trial and steps that are being taken to mitigate the effects of the pandemic so that trial objectives can be met."}, {"pmid": 32395831, "pmcid": "PMC7272820", "title": "Rapid Dissemination of Protocols for Managing Neurology Inpatients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Neurol", "authors": ["Cervantes-Arslanian, Anna", "Lau, K H Vincent", "Anand, Pria", "Shulman, Julie G", "Ford, Thomas", "Takahashi, Courtney", "Daneshmand, Ali", "Nguyen, Thanh N", "Suchdev, Kushak", "Abdennadher, Myriam", "Saxena, Aneeta", "Macone, Amanda", "Perloff, Michael", "Zhu, Shuhan", "Greer, David M"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395831", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339340, "pmcid": "PMC7267617", "title": "Changes in emergency service access after spread of COVID-19 across Italy.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Tartari, F", "Guglielmo, A", "Fuligni, F", "Pileri, A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339340", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209226, "pmcid": "PMC7096178", "title": "Publishing in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Eisen, Michael B", "Akhmanova, Anna", "Behrens, Timothy E", "Weigel, Detlef"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209226", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "eLife is making changes to its policies on peer review in response to the impact of COVID-19 on the scientific community."}, {"pmid": 32227214, "pmcid": "PMC7184352", "title": "Older people and epidemics: a call for empathy.", "journal": "Age Ageing", "authors": ["Doraiswamy, Sathyanarayanan", "Cheema, Sohaila", "Mamtani, Ravinder"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227214", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519594, "title": "Validity of teleneuropsychology for older adults in response to COVID-19: A systematic and critical review.", "journal": "Clin Neuropsychol", "authors": ["Marra, David E", "Hamlet, Kristin M", "Bauer, Russell M", "Bowers, Dawn"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519594", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: Due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, the field of neuropsychology must rapidly evolve to incorporate assessments delivered via telehealth, or teleneuropsychology (TNP). Given the increasing demand to deliver services electronically due to public health concerns, it is important to review available TNP validity studies. This systematic review builds upon the work of Brearly and colleagues' (2017) meta-analysis and provides an updated review of the literature, with special emphasis on test-level validity data.Method: Using similar methodology as Brearly and colleagues (2017) three internet databases (PubMed, EBSCOhost, PsycINFO) were searched for relevant articles published since 2016. Studies with older adults (aged 65+) who underwent face-to-face and TNP assessments in a counterbalanced cross-over design were included. After review, 10 articles were retained. Combined with nine articles from Brearly's analysis, a total of 19 studies were included in the systematic review.Results: Retained studies included samples from 5 different countries, various ethnic/cultural backgrounds, and diverse diagnostic populations. Test-level analysis suggests there are cognitive screeners (MMSE, MoCA), language tests (BNT, Letter Fluency), attention/working memory tasks (Digit Span Total), and memory tests (HVLT-R) with strong support for TNP validity. Other measures are promising but lack sufficient support at this time. Few TNP studies have done in-home assessments and most studies rely on a PC or laptop.Conclusions: Overall, there appears to be good support for TNP assessments in older adults. Challenges to TNP in the current climate are discussed. Finally, a provisional outline of viable TNP procedures used in our clinic is provided."}, {"pmid": 32292637, "pmcid": "PMC7141553", "title": "Application of refined management in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic in non-isolated areas of a general hospital.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Sci", "authors": ["Xu, Caijuan", "Jin, Jingfen", "Song, Jianping", "Yang, Yan", "Yao, Meiqi", "Zhang, Yuping", "Zao, Ruiyi", "Chen, Zhimei"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292637", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article summarizes the experience in the prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) epidemic in non-isolated areas in a general hospital. Based on refined management theory, we professionally developed the standards for prevention and control of COVID-19 in non-isolated areas, systematically implemented various prevention and control measures, performed gridding audit, effectively communicated among teams and between doctors and patients assisted by information techniques, and reported results for quality improvement. There was no hospital acquired COVID-19 infections among staff in the hospital. The rates of mask wearing, epidemiological history screening and the medical supplies disinfection were all 100% in the hospital. The accuracy rate of mask wearing of patients and their families was 73.79% and the compliance of their hand hygiene was 40.78%. Refined management strategies for the prevention and control of COVID-19 infection in non-isolated areas of the general hospital are effective. The accuracy rate of mask wearing and hand hygiene compliance of patients and their families need to be further improved."}, {"pmid": 32468253, "pmcid": "PMC7255699", "title": "Does gallium-citrate have yet another story to tell? Lessons relevant to the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Zuckier, Lionel S", "Valdivia, Ana Y", "Zamora, Edgar"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468253", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363338, "pmcid": "PMC7195358", "title": "Hemodialysis and COVID-19: An Achilles' Heel in the Pandemic Health Care Response in the United States.", "journal": "Kidney Med", "authors": ["Weiner, Daniel E", "Watnick, Suzanne G"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363338", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490913, "title": "Challenges and opportunities for telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic: ideas on spaces and initiatives in the Brazilian context.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Caetano, Rosangela", "Silva, Angelica Baptista", "Guedes, Ana Cristina Carneiro Menezes", "Paiva, Carla Cardi Nepomuceno de", "Ribeiro, Gizele da Rocha", "Santos, Daniela Lacerda", "Silva, Rondineli Mendes da"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490913", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has created enormous challenges for health systems worldwide, with the rapidly growing number of deaths and critical patients with pneumonia requiring ventilatory support. Alternative methods to control the spread of the disease such as social isolation, extreme quarantine measures, and contact tracing have been used around the world. However, these measures may not be totally effective to fight COVID-19, in step with the necessary national preparations to meet the new patient care demands. A wide range of digital technologies can be used to enhance these public health strategies, and the pandemic has sparked increasing use of telehealth. This field has grown considerably in Brazil in recent years. Still, despite the intense proliferation of recommendations and rules, until the current pandemic the country still lacked a fully consolidated regulatory framework. The emergence of COVID-19 marks a key moment in the expansion of applications and use of telehealth for improving the health system's response to the current crisis. The article discusses telehealth's contribution to the fight against COVID-19 and the recent initiatives triggered in Brazil as opportunities for the consolidation of telemedicine and improvement of the Brazilian Unified National Health System. The authors conclude that telehealth offers capabilities for remote screening, care and treatment, and assists monitoring, surveillance, detection, prevention, and mitigation of the impacts on healthcare indirectly related to COVID-19. The initiatives triggered in this process can reshape the future space of telemedicine in health services in the territory."}, {"pmid": 32395012, "pmcid": "PMC7212734", "title": "Planning and pandemics COVID 19 illuminates why urban planners should have listened to food advocates all along.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Raja, Samina"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395012", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192586, "pmcid": "PMC7104229", "title": "COVID-19: the need for continuous medical education and training.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Li, Li", "Xv, Qianghong", "Yan, Jing"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192586", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384921, "pmcid": "PMC7209763", "title": "Avoiding hospital-related infections during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Ye, Jiarong", "Yang, Liqi", "Xi, Xiaotu", "Lin, Xinghua", "He, Deping", "Wang, Weiliang"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384921", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491888, "pmcid": "PMC7241685", "title": "Asymptotic estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infection counts and their sensitivity to stochastic perturbation.", "journal": "Chaos", "authors": ["Faranda, Davide", "Castillo, Isaac Perez", "Hulme, Oliver", "Jezequel, Aglae", "Lamb, Jeroen S W", "Sato, Yuzuru", "Thompson, Erica L"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491888", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the importance of having robust estimates of the time-asymptotic total number of infections, early estimates of COVID-19 show enormous fluctuations. Using COVID-19 data from different countries, we show that predictions are extremely sensitive to the reporting protocol and crucially depend on the last available data point before the maximum number of daily infections is reached. We propose a physical explanation for this sensitivity, using a susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered model, where the parameters are stochastically perturbed to simulate the difficulty in detecting patients, different confinement measures taken by different countries, as well as changes in the virus characteristics. Our results suggest that there are physical and statistical reasons to assign low confidence to statistical and dynamical fits, despite their apparently good statistical scores. These considerations are general and can be applied to other epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32283099, "pmcid": "PMC7194682", "title": "Why does SARS-CoV-2 invade the gastrointestinal epithelium?", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Uno, Yoshiharu"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283099", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427227, "pmcid": "PMC7233256", "title": "Influence of wind and relative humidity on the social distancing effectiveness to prevent COVID-19 airborne transmission: A numerical study.", "journal": "J Aerosol Sci", "authors": ["Feng, Yu", "Marchal, Thierry", "Sperry, Ted", "Yi, Hang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427227", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been confirmed that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can transmit through droplets created when an infected human coughs or sneezes. Accordingly, 1.83-m (6-feet) social distancing is advised to reduce the spread of the disease among humans. This is based on the assumption that no air circulation exists around people. However, it is not well investigated whether the ambient wind and relative humidity (RH) will cause SARS-CoV-2 laden droplets to transport farther in the air, making the current social distancing policy insufficient. To provide evidence and insight into the \"social distancing\" guidelines, a validated computational fluid-particle dynamics (CFPD) model was employed to simulate the transient transport, condensation/evaporation, and deposition of SARS-CoV-2 laden droplets emitted by coughs, with different environmental wind velocities and RHs. Initial droplet diameters range from 2 to 2000\u202f\u03bcm, and the wind velocities range from 0 to 16\u202fkm/h, representing different wind forces from calm air to moderate breeze. The comparison between a steady-state wind and a gust with a constant frequency has also been performed. Ambient RHs are 40% and 99.5%. The distances between the two virtual humans are 1.83\u202fm and 3.05\u202fm (6 feet and 10 feet). The facial covering effect on reducing the airborne transmission of the cough droplets has also been evaluated. Numerical results indicate that the ambient wind will enhance the complexity of the secondary flows with recirculation between the two virtual humans. Microdroplets follow the airflow streamlines well and deposit on both human bodies and head regions, even with the 3.05-m (10-feet) separation distance. The rest of the microdroplets can transport in the air farther than 3.05\u202fm (10 feet) due to wind convection, causing a potential health risk to nearby people. High RH will increase the droplet sizes due to the hygroscopic growth effect, which increases the deposition fractions on both humans and the ground. With the complex environmental wind and RH conditions, the 6-feet social distancing policy may not be sufficient to protect the inter-person aerosol transmission, since the suspending micro-droplets were influenced by convection effects and can be transported from the human coughs/sneezes to the other human in less than 5\u202fs. Thus, due to the complex real-world environmental ventilation conditions, a social distance longer than 6 feet needs to be considered. Wearing masks should also be recommended for both infected and healthy humans to reduce the airborne cough droplet numbers."}, {"pmid": 32495445, "title": "Pression-induced facial ulcers by prone position for COVID-19 mechanical ventilation.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Ramondetta, Alice", "Ribero, Simone", "Costi, Sonia", "Dapavo, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495445", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233876, "title": "The Role of Emergency Radiology in COVID-19: From Preparedness to Diagnosis.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Nasir, Muhammad Umer", "Roberts, James", "Muller, Nestor L", "Macri, Francesco", "Mohammed, Mohammed F", "Akhlaghpoor, Shahram", "Parker, William", "Eftekhari, Arash", "Rezaei, Susan", "Mayo, John", "Nicolaou, Savvas"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233876", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergency trauma radiology, although a relatively new subspecialty of radiology, plays a critical role in both the diagnosis/triage of acutely ill patients, but even more important in providing leadership and taking the lead in the preparedness of imaging departments in dealing with novel highly infectious communicable diseases and mass casualties. This has become even more apparent in dealing with COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, first emerged in late 2019. We review the symptoms, epidemiology, and testing for this disease. We discuss characteristic imaging findings of COVID-19 in relation to other modern coronavirus diseases including SARS and MERS. We discuss roles that community radiology clinics, outpatient radiology departments, and emergency radiology departments can play in the diagnosis of this disease. We review practical methods to reduce spread of infections within radiology departments."}, {"pmid": 32385891, "pmcid": "PMC7261970", "title": "Systemic Immunobiological, Immunosuppressant and Oncologic Agents for the Treatment of Dermatologic Diseases during the SARS-Cov-2 (COVID19) Pandemic Emergency: a Quick Review for a Quick Consultation.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Paolino, Giovanni", "Mercuri, Santo Raffaele", "Bearzi, Pietro", "Mattozzi, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385891", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Precision Medicine Era has helped to better manage patients with immunological and oncological disease, improving the quality of life of this class of patients. Regarding the management of these patients and positivity to SARS-Cov2, currently, limited data is available and information is evolving. In this quick review we have analyzed the mechanisms of action and related infective risk of drugs used for the treatment of immune-mediated and oncologic skin conditions during the daily clinical practice. In general immunosuppressant and antineoplastic agents for dermatologic treatments do not require suspension and do not require special measures, if not those commonly observed. In the case of a COVID19 patient with complication (such as pneumonia, respiratory failure), treatment suspension should always be considered after taking into account the general condition of the patient, the risk-benefit ratio and the pathophysiology of COVID19 infection. The COVID19 emergency pandemic does not imply an under-treatment of existing skin conditions, which together with the SARS-Cov2 infection may jeopardize the patient's life. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32244017, "pmcid": "PMC7270927", "title": "Patients with advanced basal cell carcinomas in treatment with sonic hedgehog inhibitors during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period: Management and adherence to treatment.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Villani, Alessia", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Costa, Claudia", "Scalvenzi, Massimiliano"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244017", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467094, "title": "Covid-19: Push to reopen schools risks new wave of infections, says Independent SAGE.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467094", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310815, "pmcid": "PMC7184968", "title": "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and Antibodies in Diverse Samples: Protocol to Validate the Sufficiency of Provider-Observed, Home-Collected Blood, Saliva, and Oropharyngeal Samples.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Sullivan, Patrick Sean", "Sailey, Charles", "Guest, Jodie Lynn", "Guarner, Jeannette", "Kelley, Colleen", "Siegler, Aaron Julius", "Valentine-Graves, Mariah", "Gravens, Laura", "Del Rio, Carlos", "Sanchez, Travis Howard"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310815", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The response in the United States to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has been hampered by a lack of aggressive testing for the infection. Testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cornerstone of an effective public health response. However, efforts to test have been hampered by limited reagents, limitations in the availability of swabs used for the collection of nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) specimens, limitations in personal protective equipment (PPE) for health care providers collecting the NPS specimens, and limitations in viral transport media for transporting the specimens. Therefore, more flexible options for screening for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and serologic responses are critical to inform clinical and public health responses. We aim to document the ability of patients to self-collect sufficient specimens for SARS-CoV-2 viral detection and serology. Patient self-collection of samples will be done with observation by a health care provider during a telemedicine session. Participants will be mailed a specimen collection kit, engage in a telehealth session with a provider through a HIPPA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996)-compliant video meeting, and collect specimens while being observed by the provider. Providers will record whether they are confident in the suitability of the specimen for laboratory testing that would inform clinical decision making. We will objectively assess the sufficiency of biological material in the mailed-in specimens. The protocol was approved by the Emory University Institutional Review Board (IRB) on March 30, 2020 (Protocol number 371). To date, we have enrolled 159 participants. Defining a conceptual framework for assessing the sufficiency of patient-collected samples for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and serologic responses to infection is critical for facilitating public health responses and providing PPE-sparing options to increase testing. Validation of alternative methods of specimen collection should include objective measures of the sufficiency of specimens for testing. A strong evidence base for diversifying testing modalities will improve tools to guide public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32417882, "pmcid": "PMC7239201", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic planning, response, and lessons learned at a community hospital.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Schiller, Daryl S", "Fulman, Magda", "Champagne, Jennifer", "Awad, Nirvana"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32498972, "pmcid": "PMC7254005", "title": "SARS-CoV2 RNA detection in a pancreatic pseudocyst sample.", "journal": "Pancreatology", "authors": ["Schepis, T", "Larghi, A", "Papa, A", "Miele, L", "Panzuto, F", "De Biase, L", "Annibale, B", "Cattani, P", "Rapaccini, G L"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498972", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The involvement of gastrointestinal system in SARS-CoV2 related disease, COVID-19, is increasingly recognized. COVID-19 associated pancreatic injury has been suggested, but its correlation with pancreatic disease is still unclear. In this case report, we describe the detection of SARS-CoV2 RNA in a pancreatic pseudocyst fluid sample collected from a patient with SARS-CoV2 associated pneumonia and a pancreatic pseudocyst developed as a complication of an acute edematous pancreatitis. The detection of SARS-CoV2 within the pancreatic collection arise the question of whether this virus has a tropism for pancreatic tissue and whether it plays a role in pancreatic diseases occurrence."}, {"pmid": 32361826, "pmcid": "PMC7195612", "title": "COVID-19 and the endocrine system: exploring the unexplored.", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Pal, R", "Banerjee, M"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361826", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283177, "pmcid": "PMC7146686", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): first indication of efficacy of Gene-Eden-VIR/Novirin in SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Polansky, Hanan", "Lori, Gillad"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283177", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527765, "title": "David Oliver: The structural problems highlighted by covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Oliver, David"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527765", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508313, "title": "Endocrinology in the time of COVID-19: Remodelling Diabetes Services and Promoting Innovation.", "journal": "Eur J Endocrinol", "authors": ["Wake, Deborah Jane", "Gibb, Fraser Wilson", "Kar, Partha", "Kennon, Brian", "Klonoff, David C", "Rayman, Gerry", "Rutter, Martin K", "Sainsbury, Chris", "Semple, Robert Kenneth"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508313", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a major international emergency leading to unprecedented medical, economic and societal challenges. Countries around the globe are facing challenges with diabetes care and are similarly adapting care delivery, with local cultural nuances. People with diabetes suffer disproportionately from acute COVID-19 with higher rates of serious complications and death. In-patient services need specialist support to appropriately manage glycaemia in people with known and undiagnosed diabetes presenting with COVID-19. Due to the restrictions imposed by the pandemic, people with diabetes may suffer longer-term harm caused by inadequate clinical support and less frequent monitoring of their condition and diabetes-related complications. Outpatient services need reorganised to maintain advice and support, focusing on proactive care for the highest risk, making use of telehealth and digital services for consultations, self-management and remote monitoring, where appropriate. Stratification of patients for face-to-face or remote follow-up should be based on a balanced risk assessment. Public health and national organisations have generally responded rapidly with guidance on care management, but the pandemic has created a tension around prioritisation of communicable vs non-communicable disease. Resulting challenges in clinical decision making are compounded by a reduced clinical workforce. For many years, increasing diabetes mellitus incidence has been mirrored by rising preventable morbidity and mortality due to complications, yet innovation in service delivery has been slow. While the current focus is on limiting the terrible harm caused by the pandemic, it is possible that a positive lasting legacy of COVID-19 might include accelerated innovation in chronic disease management."}, {"pmid": 32377176, "pmcid": "PMC7201379", "title": "Management of Pancreatic Cancer During COVID-19 Pandemic: To Treat or Not to Treat?", "journal": "JOP", "authors": ["Patel, Rajvi", "Saif, Muhammad Wasif"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377176", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pancreatic cancer is a very aggressive disease and survival remains dismal even with treatment. Currently, management of patients with pancreatic cancer has been complicated by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Medical oncologists face the dilemma of whether to treat or to not treat these patients who are at high-risk of complications and even death from COVID-19. No current guidelines are available and our limited experience at this time makes it more difficult to manage these patients. Although we have general strategies available from experience in Italy, we need more treatment specific strategies to help mitigate risks of complications and toxicities from chemotherapy in order to protect our patients from COVID-19 as much as possible."}, {"pmid": 32440970, "pmcid": "PMC7241062", "title": "COVID-19, Telemedicine, and Patient Empowerment in HIV Care and Research.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Mgbako, Ofole", "Miller, Emily H", "Santoro, Anthony F", "Remien, Robert H", "Shalev, Noga", "Olender, Susan", "Gordon, Peter", "Sobieszczyk, Magda E"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440970", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501663, "title": "Putting the Public Back in Public Health - Surveying Symptoms of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Chan, Andrew T", "Brownstein, John S"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501663", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404631, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic should not take us back to the pre-laparoscopic era.", "journal": "J Trauma Acute Care Surg", "authors": ["Botteri, Emanuele", "Podda, Mauro", "Sartori, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404631", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336956, "pmcid": "PMC7169369", "title": "Thrombosis management in times of COVID-19 epidemy; a Dutch perspective.", "journal": "Thromb J", "authors": ["Ten Cate, Hugo"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336956", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205822, "pmcid": "PMC7180130", "title": "Deep Learning Localization of Pneumonia: 2019 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Hurt, Brian", "Kligerman, Seth", "Hsiao, Albert"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205822", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504754, "title": "Is melatonin deficiency a unifying pathomechanism of high risk patients with COVID-19?", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Simko, Fedor", "Reiter, Russel J"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504754", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519326, "title": "Independent Correlates of Hospitalization in 2040 Patients with COVID-19 at a Large Hospital System in Michigan, United States.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Imam, Zaid", "Odish, Fadi", "Armstrong, Justin", "Elassar, Heba", "Dokter, Jonathan", "Langnas, Emily", "Halalau, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519326", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418663, "pmcid": "PMC7164895", "title": "Cold Plasma, a New Hope in the Field of Virus Inactivation.", "journal": "Trends Biotechnol", "authors": ["Filipic, Arijana", "Gutierrez-Aguirre, Ion", "Primc, Gregor", "Mozetic, Miran", "Dobnik, David"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418663", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viruses can infect all cell-based organisms, from bacteria to humans, animals, and plants. They are responsible for numerous cases of hospitalization, many deaths, and widespread crop destruction, all of which result in an enormous medical, economical, and biological burden. Each of the currently used decontamination methods has important drawbacks. Cold plasma (CP) has entered this field as a novel, efficient, and clean solution for virus inactivation. We present recent developments in this promising field of CP-mediated virus inactivation, and describe the applications and mechanisms of the inactivation. This is particularly relevant because viral pandemics, such as COVID-19, highlight the need for alternative virus inactivation methods to replace, complement, or upgrade existing procedures."}, {"pmid": 32185921, "title": "[Challenges and countermeasures on Chinese malaria elimination programme during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak].", "journal": "Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhu, G D", "Cao, J"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185921", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the end of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been extensively epidemic in China, which not only seriously threatens the safety and health of Chinese people, but also challenges the management of other infectious diseases. Currently, there are still approximately three thousand malaria cases imported into China every year. If the diagnosis and treatment of malaria cases as well as the investigation and response of the epidemic foci are not carried out timely, it may endanger patients'lives and cause the possible of secondary transmission, which threatens the achievements of malaria elimination in China. Due to the extensive spread and high transmission ability of the COVID-19, there is a possibility of virus infections among malaria cases during the medical care-seeking behaviors and among healthcare professionals during clinical diagnosis and treatment, sample collection and testing and epidemiological surveys. This paper analyzes the challenges of the COVID-19 for Chinese malaria elimination programme, and proposes the countermeasures in response to the COVID-19 outbreak, so as to provide the reference for healthcare professionals."}, {"pmid": 32295322, "title": "[Clinical analysis of 150 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in Nanyang City, Henan Province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Sun, C", "Zhang, X B", "Dai, Y", "Xu, X Z", "Zhao, J"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295322", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and clinical features of the patients with 2019-nCoV infection in Nanyang City, so as to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: The epidemiology, clinical symptoms, atory and radiologic data of 150 patients with 2019-nCoV infection admitted to the designated hospitals in Nanyang City from January 24,2020 to February 16, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: The 150 patients with 2019 nCov infection consisted of 67 men and 83 women, and the median age was (45\u00b116) years; 69 of them were the first generation case,60 of them were the second generation case, 6 of them were the third generation case,the median incubation period of the first generation case was (5.4\u00b12.2) days, and the second generation case was (6.7\u00b13.1) days, and the first-generation cases are the majority in severe patients (69%) . The most common basic disease was hypertension (13 cases, 9%), diabetes (9 cases, 6%), and the most common symptom is fever(142 cases, 95%, 63% showed moderate fever) , cough and sputum(108 cases,72%), fatigue(23 cases,15%), anorexia(20 cases, 13%), headache, diarrhea, muscle soreness, sore throat as the first symptoms. The average time from onset of symptoms to consultation was (4.2\u00b12.2) days for all patients. The changes in peripheral blood cells were mainly lymphonpenia (83 cases, 55%) and eosinophilia (95 cases, 63%), The lymphocyte count of the severe and critically ill patients was more significantly reduced, and some patients had increased myocardial enzymes, mainly LDH (47 cases, 31%), and a few patients had liver function damage, mainly manifested in ALT and AST. High, very few patients have renal impairment. Among the inflammation-related indicators, the main manifestations are increased CRP (66 cases, 43%) and ESR (86 cases, 57%), elevated D-Dimer in 29% of patients. 144 cases have different degrees of infective lesions in chest CT examination, with 30 cases (21%) on one side and 144 cases (79%) on both sides. Morphologically, most of the lesions were patchy ground glass lesions, which could be accompanied by air bronchus signs and some consolidation and paving stone signs. Of the cases showing \"white lung\", 87% were sever ill or critically ill. After active treatment, 45% of patients were discharged according to discharge standards. 33% of sever and critically ill patients were discharged, 49% of them were degraded hospitalization.The average length of hospitalization was (12\u00b14) days. Conclusion: A history of epidemiological exposure, fever, chest CT with signs of pneumonia, normal or decreased WBC, and lymphocytopenia, eosinophilia are the clinical basis for the diagnosis of this disease, and most of the sever patients were the first generation cases. The degree of lymphocytopenia is related to the severity of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32292843, "pmcid": "PMC7142676", "title": "Southern Italy: How the supply of radiation therapy, patient outcomes, and risk to health care providers have changed during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Portaluri, Maurizio", "Tramacere, Francesco", "Portaluri, Tommaso", "Gianicolo, Emilio A L"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292843", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409466, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on academic mothers.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Staniscuaski, Fernanda", "Reichert, Fernanda", "Werneck, Fernanda P", "de Oliveira, Leticia", "Mello-Carpes, Pamela B", "Soletti, Rossana C", "Almeida, Camila Infanger", "Zandona, Eugenia", "Ricachenevsky, Felipe Klein", "Neumann, Adriana", "Schwartz, Ida Vanessa D", "Tamajusuku, Alessandra Sayuri Kikuchi", "Seixas, Adriana", "Kmetzsch, Livia"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409466", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380344, "pmcid": "PMC7167568", "title": "The ethics of scare: COVID-19 and the Philippines' fear appeals.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Biana, H T", "Joaquin, J J B"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380344", "countries": ["Philippines"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425656, "pmcid": "PMC7232930", "title": "The COVID-19 challenge to cardiac electrophysiologists: optimizing resources at a referral center.", "journal": "J Interv Card Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Mazzone, Patrizio", "Peretto, Giovanni", "Radinovic, Andrea", "Limite, Luca Rosario", "Marzi, Alessandra", "Sala, Simone", "Cireddu, Manuela", "Vegara, Pasquale", "Baratto, Francesca", "Paglino, Gabriele", "D'Angelo, Giuseppe", "Cianfanelli, Lorenzo", "Altizio, Savino", "Lipartiti, Felicia", "Frontera, Antonio", "Bisceglia, Caterina", "Gulletta, Simone", "Bella, Paolo Della"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425656", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe how a referral center for cardiac electrophysiology (EP) rapidly changed to comply with the ongoing COVID-19 healthcare emergency. We present retrospective data about the modification of daily activities at our EP unit, following the pandemic outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Italy. In particular, in the context of a pre-existing \"hub-and-spoke\" network, we describe how procedure types and volumes have changed in the last 3\u00a0months. Since our institution was selected as a COVID-19 referral center, the entire in-hospital activity was reorganized to assist more than 1000 COVID-positive cases. Only urgent EP procedures, including ventricular tachycardia ablation and extraction of infected devices, were both maintained and optimized to meet the needs of external hospitals. In addition, most of the non-urgent EP procedures were postponed. Finally, following prompt internal reorganization, both outpatient clinics and on-call services underwent significant modification, by integrating telemedicine support whenever applicable. We presented the fast reorganization of an EP referral center during the ongoing COVID-19 healthcare emergency. Our hub-and-spoke model may be useful for other centers, aiming at a cost-effective management of resources in the context of a global crisis."}, {"pmid": 32441680, "title": "New Normal Terminology.", "journal": "Clin J Oncol Nurs", "authors": ["Carr, Ellen"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441680", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has required us to recognize a new normal and other additions to our general and clinical vocabulary. Some were preexisting terms that now have been broadened or changed during these unprecedented times. Others have helped to bring to light some of the issues or difficulties that healthcare professionals faced prior to this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32500922, "title": "Failed antibody response in a renal transplant recipient with SARS-CoV-2 infected.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xia, Zhiping", "Liu, Xiaojun", "Hu, Xiaoyan", "Zhong, Zibiao", "Wang, Yanfeng", "Peng, Guizhu", "Ye, Qifa"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500922", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as a novel pathogen causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, subsequently spread to the rest of China and has been demonstrating a rapid global spread. Nucleic acid testing (NAT, tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction) of SARS-CoV-2 virus in oropharyngeal/nasal swab samples has been described to be extremely sensitive for the diagnose of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but false-negative results have been reported. Recent months, researches demonstrated the importance of IgM/IgG antibody detecting due to the unsatisfied positive rate of NAT, and the increasement IgM/IgG antibody was considered as a confirmed criteria of diagnosis in the official guides of the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in China (7th Edition) ."}, {"pmid": 32410386, "pmcid": "PMC7272886", "title": "Smell and taste alterations in Covid-19: a cross-sectional analysis of different cohorts.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Paderno, Alberto", "Schreiber, Alberto", "Grammatica, Alberto", "Raffetti, Elena", "Tomasoni, Michele", "Gualtieri, Tommaso", "Taboni, Stefano", "Zorzi, Silvia", "Lombardi, Davide", "Deganello, Alberto", "Redaelli De Zinis, Luca Oscar", "Maroldi, Roberto", "Mattavelli, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410386", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Olfactory (OD) and gustatory (GD) dysfunction have been proven to be a typical symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, their prevalence in different patient populations still needs to be clarified. A cross-sectional study was performed from March 27 to April 1 2020 in Northern Italy. Physicians administered a survey-based questionnaire to SARS-CoV-2 positive patients with the aim of assessing symptoms, focusing on OD and GD. Two groups were studied: patients hospitalized at ASST Spedali Civili University Hospital of Brescia (A); home-quarantined subjects (B). A total of 508 patients were enrolled: 295 in Group A and 213 in Group B. Mean age (\u00b1SD) was 55\u00b115 years; 56% were men. Overall, OD and GD were present in 56% (95% CI 51-60%) and 63% (59-67%) of cases, respectively. In Group A, the prevalence of OD and GD was 44% (38-50%) and 52% (46-58%). In Group B, the prevalence of OD and GD was 72% (65-79%) and 79% (73-84%). In the entire cohort, total loss of olfaction and taste was reported in 64% and 60% of cases, respectively. OD and GD occurred as the first symptom in 10% and 11% of cases; in the remaining cases, they occurred after a mean of 4\u00b13 days following the first symptom. At the time of the questionnaire, complete resolution of OD and GD was reported in 52% and 55% of cases (mean duration: 9\u00b15 in both). OD and GD are more prevalent in home-quarantined subjects, and they are independently associated with younger age and female gender. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32092748, "title": "COVID-19: Real-time dissemination of scientific information to fight a public health emergency of international concern.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Song, Peipei", "Karako, Takashi"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092748", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapidly sharing scientific information is an effective way to reduce public panic about COVID-19, and doing so is the key to providing real-time guidance to epidemiologists working to contain the outbreak, clinicians managing patients, and modelers helping to understand future developments and the possible effectiveness of various interventions. This issue has rapidly reviewed and published articles describing COVID-19, including the drug treatment options for SARS-CoV-2, its clinical characteristics, and therapies involving a combination of Chinese and Western medicine, the efficacy of chloroquine phosphate in the treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia according to clinical studies, and reflections on the system of reserve medical supplies for public health emergencies. As an academic journal, we will continue to quickly and transparently share data with frontline healthcare workers who need to know the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32176272, "pmcid": "PMC7081176", "title": "Estimation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Burden and Potential for International Dissemination of Infection From Iran.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Tuite, Ashleigh R", "Bogoch, Isaac I", "Sherbo, Ryan", "Watts, Alexander", "Fisman, David", "Khan, Kamran"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32176272", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437930, "pmcid": "PMC7211603", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak reproduction number estimations and forecasting in Marche, Italy.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chintalapudi, Nalini", "Battineni, Gopi", "Sagaro, Getu Gamo", "Amenta, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437930", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 disease is becoming a global pandemic and more than 200 countries were affected because of this disease. Italy is one of the countries is largely suffered with this virus outbreak, and about 180,000 cases (as of 20 April 2020) were registered which explains the large transmissibility and reproduction case numbers. In this study, we considered the Marche region of Italy to compute different daily transmission rates (Rt) including five provinces in it. We also present forecasting of daily and cumulative incidences associated after the next thirty days. The Marche region is the 8th in terms of number of people infected in Italy and the first in terms of diffusion of the infection among the 4 regions of the center of Italy. Epidemic statistics were extracted from the national Italian Health Ministry website. We considered outbreak information where the first case registered in Marche with onset symptoms (26 February 2020) to the present date (20 April 2020). Adoption of incidence and projections with R statistics was done. The median values of Rt for the five provinces of Pesaro and Urbano, Ancona, Fermo, Ascoli Piceno, and Macerata, was 2.492 (1.1-4.5), 2.162 (1.0-4.0), 1.512 (0.75-2.75), 1.141 (1.0-1.6), and 1.792 (1.0-3.5) with 95% of CI achieved. The projections at end of 30th day of the cumulative incidences 323 (95% CI), and daily incidences 45 (95% CI) could be possible. This study highlights the knowledge of essential insights into the Marche region in particular to virus transmission dynamics, geographical characteristics of positive incidences, and the necessity of implementing mitigation procedures to fight against the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32343368, "pmcid": "PMC7267661", "title": "Is the use of laparoscopy in a COVID-19 epidemic free of risk?", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Schwarz, L", "Tuech, J J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343368", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532663, "title": "The eighth alternative to evidence based medicine in the early era of the COVID-19 pandemic: Too much emergency and emotion, too little evidence.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Pieralli, Filippo", "Vannucchi, Vieri", "Olivotto, Iacopo"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532663", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512826, "title": "The Prevention and Management of COVID-19: Seeking a Practical and Timely Solution.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Jindal, Charulata", "Kumar, Sandeep", "Sharma, Sunil", "Choi, Yuk Ming", "Efird, Jimmy T"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512826", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with interest several manuscripts recently published in the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) on the ongoing coronavirus pandemic. While these articles provide a well-rounded overview on the risk and current status of this virus, we herein add some relevant information on its etiology, prevention and management, especially for resource-limited healthcare systems. The use of protective actions is both complex and expensive. Affordable options are essential to respond to this and future viral outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32176772, "pmcid": "PMC7184452", "title": "Clinical Features of 69 Cases with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Zhongliang", "Yang, Bohan", "Li, Qianwen", "Wen, Lu", "Zhang, Ruiguang"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32176772", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From December 2019 to February 2020, 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a serious outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Related clinical features are needed. We reviewed 69 patients who were hospitalized in Union hospital in Wuhan between January 16 to January 29, 2020. All patients were confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 and the final date of follow-up was February 4, 2020. The median age of 69 enrolled patients was 42.0 years (IQR 35.0-62.0), and 32 patients (46%) were men. The most common symptoms were fever (60[87%]), cough (38[55%]), and fatigue (29[42%]). Most patients received antiviral therapy (66 [98.5%] of 67 patients) and antibiotic therapy (66 [98.5%] of 67 patients). As of February 4, 2020, 18 (26.9%) of 67 patients had been discharged, and five patients had died, with a mortality rate of 7.5%. According to the lowest SpO2 during admission, cases were divided into the SpO2\u226590% group (n=55) and the SpO2<90% group (n=14). All 5 deaths occurred in the SpO2<90% group. Compared with SpO2\u226590% group, patients of the SpO2<90% group were older, and showed more comorbidities and higher plasma levels of IL6, IL10, lactate dehydrogenase, and c reactive protein. Arbidol treatment showed tendency to improve the discharging rate and decrease the mortality rate. COVID-19 appears to show frequent fever, dry cough, and increase of inflammatory cytokines, and induced a mortality rate of 7.5%. Older patients or those with underlying comorbidities are at higher risk of death."}, {"pmid": 32274773, "title": "[SARS CoV-2/COVID-19: Evidence-Based Recommendation on Diagnosis and Therapy].", "journal": "Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther", "authors": ["Bein, Berthold", "Bachmann, Martin", "Huggett, Susanne", "Wegermann, Petra"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274773", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, a new viral disease affecting primarily the respiratory system and the lung, has caused a pandemic with serious challenges to health systems around the world. In about 20% of patients, severe symptoms occur after a mean incubation period of 5\u200a-\u200a6 days; 5% of patients need intensive care therapy. Morbidity is about 1\u200a-\u200a2%. Protecting health care workers is of paramount importance in order to prevent hospital acquired infections. Therefore, during all procedures associated with aerosol production, a personal safety equipment consisting of a FFP2/FFP3 (N95) respiratory mask, gloves, safety glasses and a waterproof overall should be used. Therapy is based on established recommendations issued for patients with acute lung injury (ARDS). Lung protective ventilation, prone position, restrictive fluid management and an adequate management of organ failures are the mainstays of therapy. In case of fulminant lung failure, veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be used as a rescue in experienced centres. New, experimental therapies evolve with ever increasing frequency; currently, however, there is no evidence based recommendation possible. If off-label and compassionate use of these drugs is considered, an individual benefit-risk assessment is necessary, since serious side effects have been reported."}, {"pmid": 32075783, "title": "Letter from China: covid-19 on the grapevine, on the internet, and in commerce.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mowbray, Heather"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32075783", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335281, "pmcid": "PMC7180159", "title": "Pharmacological perspective: glycyrrhizin may be an efficacious therapeutic agent for COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Luo, Pan", "Liu, Dong", "Li, Juan"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335281", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the previously unknown pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is now a global pandemic. There are no vaccines or specific treatments against this new virus; therefore, there is an urgent need to advance novel therapeutic interventions for COVID-19. Glycyrrhizin is a triterpene saponin with various biological functions and pharmacological effects. This brief article discusses the therapeutic potential of glycyrrhizin for the treatment of COVID-19 from the perspective of its pharmacological action, including binding angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2), downregulating proinflammatory cytokines, inhibiting the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), inhibiting thrombin, inhibiting the hyperproduction of airway exudates, and inducing endogenous interferon."}, {"pmid": 32426075, "pmcid": "PMC7233255", "title": "Letter to the Editor Regarding Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy: Lessons Learned for African Neurosurgical Centers.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Bechri, Hajar", "Oudrhiri, Mohammed Yassaad", "Arkha, Yasser", "El Ouahabi, Abdessamad"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394141, "pmcid": "PMC7213773", "title": "COVID-19: Magnifying the Effect of Health Disparities.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Kim, Eun Ji", "Marrast, Lyndonna", "Conigliaro, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394141", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366319, "pmcid": "PMC7197358", "title": "A united statement of the global chiropractic research community against the pseudoscientific claim that chiropractic care boosts immunity.", "journal": "Chiropr Man Therap", "authors": ["Cote, Pierre", "Bussieres, Andre", "Cassidy, J David", "Hartvigsen, Jan", "Kawchuk, Greg N", "Leboeuf-Yde, Charlotte", "Mior, Silvano", "Schneider, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366319", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the midst of the coronavirus pandemic, the International Chiropractors Association (ICA) posted reports claiming that chiropractic care can impact the immune system. These claims clash with recommendations from the World Health Organization and World Federation of Chiropractic. We discuss the scientific validity of the claims made in these ICA reports. We reviewed the two reports posted by the ICA on their website on March 20 and March 28, 2020. We explored the method used to develop the claim that chiropractic adjustments impact the immune system and discuss the scientific merit of that claim. We provide a response to the ICA reports and explain why this claim lacks scientific credibility and is dangerous to the public. More than 150 researchers from 11 countries reviewed and endorsed our response. In their reports, the ICA provided no valid clinical scientific evidence that chiropractic care can impact the immune system. We call on regulatory authorities and professional leaders to take robust political and regulatory action against those claiming that chiropractic adjustments have a clinical impact on the immune system."}, {"pmid": 32456444, "title": "CORRIGENDUM to Emergency Approval of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for Treatment of COVID-19 (updated to Emergency Authorization of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for Treatment of COVID-19).", "journal": "Ann Pharmacother", "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456444", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304822, "pmcid": "PMC7158792", "title": "COVID-19: Four Paediatric Cases in Malaysia.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["See, K C", "Liew, S M", "Ng, David C E", "Chew, E L", "Khoo, E M", "Sam, C H", "Sheena, D", "Zahilah Filzah, Z", "Chin, S Y", "Lee, P Y", "Tan, L P", "Farah Najwa, Z", "Sabrina, S", "Them, W W", "Saipriya, T", "Muhammad Zamakhshari, Z A", "Cheah, W K", "Peariasamy, K", "Goh, P P", "Ibrahim, H"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304822", "countries": ["China", "Malaysia"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a brief report of 4 paediatric cases of COVID-19 infection in Malaysia BACKGROUND: COVID-19, a coronavirus, first detected in Wuhan, China has now spread rapidly to over 60 countries and territories around the world, infecting more than 85000 individuals. As the case count amongst children is low, there is need to report COVID-19 in children to better understand the virus and the disease. In Malaysia, until end of February 2020, there were four COVID-19 paediatric cases with ages ranging from 20 months to 11 years. All four cases were likely to have contracted the virus in China. The children had no symptoms or mild flu-like illness. The cases were managed symptomatically. None required antiviral therapy. There were 2 major issues regarding the care of infected children. Firstly, the quarantine of an infected child with a parent who tested negative was an ethical dilemma. Secondly, oropharyngeal and nasal swabs in children were at risk of false negative results. These issues have implications for infection control. Consequently, there is a need for clearer guidelines for child quarantine and testing methods in the management of COVID-19 in children."}, {"pmid": 32217531, "title": "Europe's migrant containment policies threaten the response to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Hargreaves, Sally", "Kumar, Bernadette N", "McKee, Martin", "Jones, Lucy", "Veizis, Apostolos"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217531", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463589, "title": "How medical education can help in a COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Clin Teach", "authors": ["Roberts, Chris"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463589", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297796, "title": "Description and Proposed Management of the Acute COVID-19 Cardiovascular Syndrome.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Hendren, Nicholas S", "Drazner, Mark H", "Bozkurt, Biykem", "Cooper, Leslie T Jr"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297796", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly expanding global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. A substantial minority of patients hospitalized develop an acute COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome, which can manifest with a variety of clinical presentations but often presents as an acute cardiac injury with cardiomyopathy, ventricular arrhythmias, and hemodynamic instability in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease. The cause of this injury is uncertain but is suspected to be related to myocarditis, microvascular injury, systemic cytokine-mediated injury, or stress-related cardiomyopathy. Although histologically unproven, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has the potential to directly replicate within cardiomyocytes and pericytes, leading to viral myocarditis. Systemically elevated cytokines are also known to be cardiotoxic and have the potential to result in profound myocardial injury. Prior experience with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 has helped expedite the evaluation of several promising therapies, including antiviral agents, interleukin-6 inhibitors, and convalescent serum. Management of acute COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome should involve a multidisciplinary team including intensive care specialists, infectious disease specialists, and cardiologists. Priorities for managing acute COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome include balancing the goals of minimizing healthcare staff exposure for testing that will not change clinical management with early recognition of the syndrome at a time point at which intervention may be most effective. This article aims to review the best available data on acute COVID-19 cardiovascular syndrome epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. From these data, we propose a surveillance, diagnostic, and management strategy that balances potential patient risks and healthcare staff exposure with improvement in meaningful clinical outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32247320, "pmcid": "PMC7270591", "title": "Fangcang shelter hospitals: a novel concept for responding to public health emergencies.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chen, Simiao", "Zhang, Zongjiu", "Yang, Juntao", "Wang, Jian", "Zhai, Xiaohui", "Barnighausen, Till", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247320", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fangcang shelter hospitals are a novel public health concept. They were implemented for the first time in China in February, 2020, to tackle the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The Fangcang shelter hospitals in China were large-scale, temporary hospitals, rapidly built by converting existing public venues, such as stadiums and exhibition centres, into health-care facilities. They served to isolate patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 from their families and communities, while providing medical care, disease monitoring, food, shelter, and social activities. We document the development of Fangcang shelter hospitals during the COVID-19 outbreak in China and explain their three key characteristics (rapid construction, massive scale, and low cost) and five essential functions (isolation, triage, basic medical care, frequent monitoring and rapid referral, and essential living and social engagement). Fangcang shelter hospitals could be powerful components of national responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as future epidemics and public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32299472, "pmcid": "PMC7160817", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia: ARDS or not?", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Gattinoni, Luciano", "Chiumello, Davide", "Rossi, Sandra"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299472", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431849, "pmcid": "PMC7231563", "title": "Nationwide system to centralize decisions around extracorporeal membranous oxygenation use for severe COVID-19 pneumonia in Japan.", "journal": "Acute Med Surg", "authors": ["Takeda, Shinhiro"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431849", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374823, "title": "COVID-2019 associated overexpressed Prevotella proteins mediated host-pathogen interactions and their role in coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Bioinformatics", "authors": ["Khan, Abdul Arif", "Khan, Zakir"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374823", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-2019 initiated at Wuhan, China has become a global threat by rapid transmission and severe fatalities. Recent studies have uncovered whole genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 (causing COVID-2019). In addition, lung metagenomic studies on infected patients revealed overrepresented Prevotella spp. producing certain proteins in abundance. We performed host-pathogen protein-protein interaction analysis between SARS-CoV-2 and overrepresented Prevotella proteins with human proteome. We also performed functional overrepresentation analysis of interacting proteins to understand their role in COVID-2019 severity. It was found that over-expressed Prevotella proteins can promote viral infection. As per the results, Prevotella proteins, but not viral proteins are involved in multiple interactions with NF-kB, which is involved in increasing clinical severity of COVID-2019. Prevotella may have role in COVID-2019 outbreak and should be given importance for understanding disease mechanisms and improving treatment outcomes. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online."}, {"pmid": 32083728, "pmcid": "PMC7165846", "title": "Global challenges in health and health care for nurses and midwives everywhere.", "journal": "Int Nurs Rev", "authors": ["Catton, H"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32083728", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The next decade is likely to produce any number of global challenges that will affect health and health care, including pan-national infections such as the new coronavirus COVID-19 and others that will be related to global warming. Nurses will be required to react to these events, even though they will also be affected as ordinary citizens. The future resilience of healthcare services will depend on having sufficient numbers of nurses who are adequately resourced to face the coming challenges."}, {"pmid": 32523073, "title": "Coronavirus R number hides raised risk for minority ethnic groups.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Uzoigwe, Chika"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523073", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469056, "title": "Minimizing pharmacotherapy-related healthcare worker exposure to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Barlow, Brooke", "Barlow, Ashley", "Thompson Bastin, Melissa L", "Berger, Karen", "Dixit, Deepali", "Heavner, Mojdeh S"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469056", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376317, "pmcid": "PMC7196550", "title": "Evidence for and against vertical transmission for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Lamouroux, A", "Attie-Bitach, T", "Martinovic, J", "Leruez-Ville, M", "Ville, Y"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376317", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 can severely affect pregnant women and the issue of vertical transmission of sars-cov-2 has also emerged. Sars-cov-2 could be recovered by real-time (RT) PCR from nasal and throat swabs, sputum and feces of symptomatic patients including neonates but not from vaginal swabs, amniotic fluid, placenta, cord blood, neonatal blood or breast milk. Viremia was present in 1% of symptomatic adults. We identified 12 articles published between February 10th and April 4th 2020 reporting on 68 deliveries and 71 neonates with maternal infection in the third trimester of pregnancy. Perinatal exposure, including mode of delivery and time interval from delivery to the diagnosis of neonatal infection are crucial in differentiating congenital from perinatal infection. Neonatal infection is usually asymptomatic. Neonatal infection was diagnosed within 48 hours of life in 4 cases. Detection rates of real-time PCR and the interpretation of IgM and IgG antibodies levels in cord and neonatal blood are discussed in relation with the immaturity of the fetal and neonatal immune system."}, {"pmid": 32471830, "pmcid": "PMC7267883", "title": "Pandemic COVID-19 Joins History's Pandemic Legion.", "journal": "mBio", "authors": ["Morens, David M", "Daszak, Peter", "Markel, Howard", "Taubenberger, Jeffery K"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471830", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With great apprehension, the world is now watching the birth of a novel pandemic already causing tremendous suffering, death, and disruption of normal life. Uncertainty and dread are exacerbated by the belief that what we are experiencing is new and mysterious. However, deadly pandemics and disease emergences are not new phenomena: they have been challenging human existence throughout recorded history. Some have killed sizeable percentages of humanity, but humans have always searched for, and often found, ways of mitigating their deadly effects. We here review the ancient and modern histories of such diseases, discuss factors associated with their emergences, and attempt to identify lessons that will help us meet the current challenge."}, {"pmid": 32437313, "title": "Imaging in Neurological Disease of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: An Italian Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Mahammedi, Abdelkader", "Saba, Luca", "Vagal, Achala", "Leali, Michela", "Rossi, Andrea", "Gaskill, Mary", "Sengupta, Soma", "Zhang, Bin", "Carriero, Alessandro", "Bachir, Suha", "Crivelli, Paola", "Pasche, Alessio", "Premi, Enrico", "Padovani, Alessandro", "Gasparotti, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437313", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467526, "title": "Sequencing Treatments for Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Muralidhar, Vinayak", "Dee, Edward Christopher", "D'Amico, Anthony V"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467526", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221172, "pmcid": "PMC7172559", "title": "Initial Clinical Impressions of the Critical Care of COVID-19 Patients in Seattle, New York City, and Chicago.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Sommer, Phillip", "Lukovic, Elvedin", "Fagley, Eliot", "Long, Dustin", "Sobol, Julia", "Heller, Katherine", "Moitra, Vivek", "Pauldine, Ronald", "O'Connor, Michael", "Shahul, Sajid", "Nunnally, Mark", "Tung, Avery"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221172", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first recognition of a cluster of novel respiratory viral infections in China in late December, 2019, intensivists in the United States have watched with growing concern as infections with the SARS-CoV-2 virus-now named Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) -have spread to hospitals in the United States (US). Because COVID-19 is extremely transmissible and can progress to a severe form of respiratory failure, the potential to overwhelm available critical care resources is high and critical care management of COVID-19 patients has been thrust into the spotlight.COVID-19 arrived in the United States in January and as anticipated has dramatically increased the usage of critical care resources. Three of the hardest hit cities have been Seattle, New York City, and Chicago with a combined total of over 14,000 cases as of March 23, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32408453, "pmcid": "PMC7142681", "title": "Effects of temperature variation and humidity on the death of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ma, Yueling", "Zhao, Yadong", "Liu, Jiangtao", "He, Xiaotao", "Wang, Bo", "Fu, Shihua", "Yan, Jun", "Niu, Jingping", "Zhou, Ji", "Luo, Bin"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408453", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Meteorological parameters are the important factors influencing the infectious diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and influenza. This study aims to explore the association between Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) deaths and weather parameters. In this study, we collected the daily death numbers of COVID-19, meteorological parameters and air pollutant data from 20 January 2020 to 29 February 2020 in Wuhan, China. Generalized additive model was applied to explore the effect of temperature, humidity and diurnal temperature range on the daily death counts of COVID-19. There were 2299 COVID-19 death counts in Wuhan during the study period. A positive association with COVID-19 daily death counts was observed for diurnal temperature range (r\u00a0=\u00a00.44), but negative association for relative humidity (r\u00a0=\u00a0-0.32). In addition, one unit increase in diurnal temperature range was only associated with a 2.92% (95% CI: 0.61%, 5.28%) increase in COVID-19 deaths in lag 3. However, both 1 unit increase of temperature and absolute humidity were related to the decreased COVID-19 death in lag 3 and lag 5, with the greatest decrease both in lag 3 [-7.50% (95% CI: -10.99%, -3.88%) and -11.41% (95% CI: -19.68%, -2.29%)]. In summary, this study suggests the temperature variation and humidity may also be important factors affecting the COVID-19 mortality."}, {"pmid": 32389583, "pmcid": "PMC7206423", "title": "Neurosurgical Practice at the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Grasso, Giovanni", "Munakomi, Sunil"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389583", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473047, "title": "COVID 19 and Ethnicity: Spot light on the global rheumatology issues in developing and developed countries.", "journal": "Int J Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Moorthy, Arumugam", "Dubey, Shirish", "Samanta, Ash", "Adebajo, Ade", "Aggarwal, Amita", "Jain, Avinash", "Jain, Nibha", "Lim, S Sam", "Kerr, Gail S", "Kumar, Kanta"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473047", "countries": ["United States", "India", "United Kingdom", "China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A key issue in the response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the internationally recognised observation that COVID-19 disproportionally affects the Black and Minority Ethnic Population (BAME) (1). We focus predominantly on the countries of the UK, USA, and India COVID-19 rheumatology challenges and examples. This unprecedented public health crisis started in China in Dec 2019, following an infection caused by a novel coronavirus strain, named as SARS-CoV2 (2). The World Health Organisation in March 2020 declared this public health emergency as a pandemic (2). COVID-19 pandemic has moved from country to country peaking at different times despite implementation of strict preventive measures, including complete lock down periods with varied success. Case fatality and mortality rates have been highly variable across nations as well as different ethnic groups (3)."}, {"pmid": 32398883, "pmcid": "PMC7214311", "title": "The COVID-19 Virtual Idea Blitz: Marshaling social entrepreneurship to rapidly respond to urgent grand challenges.", "journal": "Bus Horiz", "authors": ["Bacq, Sophie", "Geoghegan, Will", "Josefy, Matthew", "Stevenson, Regan", "Williams, Trenton A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398883", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to societal grand challenges, professors have unique opportunities to effect change, repurposing their expertise to deploy relevant, timely, practical, and research-backed knowledge for the betterment of communities. Drawing on scholarship on postcrisis organizing, the entrepreneurial hustle, and social entrepreneurship, we provide a firsthand, real-time case description of a three-day \"virtual idea blitz\" organized in response to the COVID-19 crisis. The event was organized and executed in less than a week and ultimately involved 200 individuals, including entrepreneurs, coders, medical doctors, venture capitalists, industry professionals, students, and professors from around the world. By the end of the weekend, 21 ideas with corresponding pitches were developed in five thematic areas: health needs, education, small businesses, community, and purchasing. We describe how the community was rapidly rallied, and we discuss the key learning outcomes of this spontaneous entrepreneurial endeavor. We provide evidence from participants and mentors that showcases the value of the time-compressed virtual idea blitz in accelerating social entrepreneurial action. We offer practical guidance to academic, community, and professional institutions that would like to replicate or build upon our approach to stimulate the formation of community-based and coordinating efforts to thwart the ongoing threat of COVID-19, as well as other societal challenges that might emerge in the future."}, {"pmid": 32192627, "pmcid": "PMC7104244", "title": "Screening of faecal microbiota transplant donors during the COVID-19 outbreak: suggestions for urgent updates from an international expert panel.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Ianiro, Gianluca", "Mullish, Benjamin H", "Kelly, Colleen R", "Sokol, Harry", "Kassam, Zain", "Ng, Siew C", "Fischer, Monika", "Allegretti, Jessica R", "Masucci, Luca", "Zhang, Faming", "Keller, Josbert", "Sanguinetti, Maurizio", "Costello, Samuel P", "Tilg, Herbert", "Gasbarrini, Antonio", "Cammarota, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192627", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379193, "title": "A CASE OF CHILDHOOD COVID-19 INFECTION WITH PLEURAL EFFUSION COMPLICATED BY POSSIBLE SECONDARY MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE INFECTION.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Chen, Hong-Rui", "Zou, Hao", "Xue, Mei", "Chen, Zhen-Bing", "Chen, Wan-Xin"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379193", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a case of childhood coronavirus disease 2019 infection with pleural effusion complicated by possible secondary Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Fever and pulmonary lesions on computed tomography were the early clinical manifestations, and the patient developed nonproductive cough later. The hydrothorax in this coronavirus disease 2019 case was exudative, showing predominantly mature lymphocytes."}, {"pmid": 32416415, "pmcid": "PMC7207128", "title": "Etoposide-based therapy for severe forms of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Hamizi, Kamel", "Aouidane, Souhila", "Belaaloui, Ghania"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416415", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus infection COVID-19 has quickly become a global health emergency. Mortality is principally due to severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) which relays only on supportive treatment. Numerous pathological, clinical and laboratory findings rise the similarity between moderate to severe COVID-19 and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Etoposide-based protocol including dexametasone is the standard of care for secondary HLH. The protocol has been successfully used in HLHs that are secondary to EBV and H1N1 infections by inducing complete response and prolonged survival. These observations prompt to consider this cytotoxic therapy in HLH associated to moderately severe to severe forms of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32450756, "title": "An Otolaryngologist Redeployed to a COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit: Lessons Learned.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Dhar, Shumon Ian"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450756", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has placed a significant personnel burden on intensive care units across the globe. Physicians from various specialties, including otolaryngology, have heeded the call and been redeployed to provide support, serving in a capacity outside their usual scope of practice. The author shares personal experience from redeployment and provides a framework for otolaryngologists to maximize their impact while providing high-quality patient care and preserving their personal safety."}, {"pmid": 32321662, "pmcid": "PMC7161483", "title": "Surgical tracheostomies in Covid-19 patients: important considerations and the \"5Ts\" of safety.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Broderick, Damian", "Kyzas, Panayiotis", "Sanders, Kevin", "Sawyerr, Alistair", "Katre, Chetan", "Vassiliou, Leandros"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321662", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (covid19) pandemic (caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus) is the greatest healthcare challenge in a generation. Clinicians are modifying the way they approach day-to-day procedures. Safety and reduction of transmission risk is paramount. Surgical tracheostomies in covid19 patients are aerosol generating procedures linked with a significant risk of viral contamination. Here, we describe our local approach for these procedures, introducing the \"5Ts\" of safe tracheostomy practice: Theatre set-up, Team Briefing, Transfer of patient, Tracheostomy Procedure, Team Doffing and De-brief. We identify the critical steps of the procedure and explain how we overcome the risks associated with breaking the transfer circuit to attach the patient to the theatre ventilator. We explain our technique to reduce secretion spillage when opening the trachea. We emphasise the importance of closed tracheal suctioning and mouth suctioning prior to patient transfer. We highlight the importance of maintaining a closed circuit throughout the procedure and describe tips on how to achieve this. We summarise the steps of our protocol in an \"easy to reproduce\" way. Finally, we emphasise the importance of communication in a constantly changing environment and challenging circumstances."}, {"pmid": 32086235, "title": "Rules on isolation rooms for suspected covid-19 cases in GP surgeries to be relaxed.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kmietowicz, Zosia"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32086235", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400013, "pmcid": "PMC7272801", "title": "A case of coronavirus disease 2019-infected liver transplant donor.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Hong, Hyo-Lim", "Kim, Sung-Han", "Choi, Dong Lak", "Kwon, Hyun Hee"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400013", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease that continues to spread on a global scale. There has been growing concern about donor-derived transmissions of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Herein, we present the case of a patient who underwent ABO-incompatible living donor liver transplantation without knowing that the liver donor was infected with COVID-19 during the donation procedure. In this case, the donor-derived transmission to the recipient was not identified, and the liver donor was found to be recovering from a COVID-19 infection. The donor-derived transmission was not identified."}, {"pmid": 32530458, "title": "Health Care Policy After the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Fuchs, Victor R"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530458", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299844, "title": "COVID-19 and rheumatology: first steps towards a different future?", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["McInnes, Iain B"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299844", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441830, "title": "Diversity of clinical appearance of cutaneous manifestations in the course of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Guarneri, C", "Venanzi Rullo, E", "Gallizzi, R", "Ceccarelli, M", "Cannavo, S P", "Nunnari, G"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441830", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has stricken more than 203,000 people in Italy up to 30th of April 2020, with over 27,000 died according to official estimates1 . While Italy was one of the most affected countries in Europe, the impact of the disease in the southern part of the state was less dramatic than in the north, due to some still not understood reasons. Particularly in Sicily, 'only' 3,140 cases have been recorded, of whom 533 encountered in the province of Messina."}, {"pmid": 32355892, "pmcid": "PMC7190522", "title": "Radiological findings for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19).", "journal": "Med Clin (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Sanchez-Oro, Raquel", "Torres Nuez, Julio", "Martinez-Sanz, Gloria"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355892", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395713, "pmcid": "PMC7211589", "title": "Melatonin Inhibits COVID-19-induced Cytokine Storm by Reversing Aerobic Glycolysis in Immune Cells: A Mechanistic Analysis.", "journal": "Med Drug Discov", "authors": ["Reiter, Russel J", "Sharma, Ramaswamy", "Ma, Qiang", "Dominquez-Rodriguez, Alberto", "Marik, Paul E", "Abreu-Gonzalez, Pedro"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395713", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502614, "pmcid": "PMC7266575", "title": "Cautious handling of urine from moderate to severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Nomoto, Hidetoshi", "Ishikane, Masahiro", "Katagiri, Daisuke", "Kinoshita, Noriko", "Nagashima, Mami", "Sadamasu, Kenji", "Yoshimura, Kazuhisa", "Ohmagari, Norio"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502614", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32118392, "title": "[Cardiac manifestations of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and related treatment recommendations].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tan, Z C", "Fu, L H", "Wang, D D", "Hong, K"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118392", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470443, "pmcid": "PMC7250754", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and home-based physical activity.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Carvalho, Vitor Oliveira", "Gois, Caroline Oliveira"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470443", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387793, "pmcid": "PMC7194720", "title": "Psychological crisis intervention for college students during novel coronavirus infection epidemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Sun, Qian-Hui", "Su, Ying"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387793", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the beginning of the 2020 New year, novel coronavirus infection continues to affect our lives. The anxiety and stress caused by rising epidemic data, the helplessness and fear caused by city closure and isolation, and the boredom and irritability caused by extended holiday grounding all have a great impact on the psychology of students. In this special stress period of \"suspension of classes and non-stop learning\", teachers actively help and guide students, do a good job of students' psychological support, perform the duties of spiritual mentors, and do a good job of students' psychological care."}, {"pmid": 32439729, "title": "Covid-19: Brazil now has third highest number of cases behind US and Russia.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["de Oliveira Andrade, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439729", "countries": ["United States", "Brazil", "Russian Federation"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533174, "title": "ChurchInAction: the role of religious interventions in times of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Del Castillo, Fides A", "Biana, Hazel T", "Joaquin, Jeremiah Joven B"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533174", "countries": ["Philippines"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a recently published letter to the editor of this journal, the authors have called for the need to establish psychological support structures that cater to people's mental health in this time of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. To be more holistic, we extend this call to include people's spiritual well-being as well. We highlight the initiatives of the Philippines' religious sector. In particular, we report some of the interventions made by the Roman Catholic Church that have led to the social media hashtag, #ChurchInAction. These religious and spiritual interventions showcase the efforts of the Philippine Church and play an important role in providing assistance in time of public health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32419754, "pmcid": "PMC7213029", "title": "COVID-19 and Underlying Cerebrovascular Disease: Analysis on Association.", "journal": "Ann Indian Acad Neurol", "authors": ["Sookaromdee, Pathum", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419754", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238584, "title": "Computational Inference of Selection Underlying the Evolution of the Novel Coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Cagliani, Rachele", "Forni, Diego", "Clerici, Mario", "Sironi, Manuela"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238584", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that recently emerged in China is thought to have a bat origin, as its closest known relative (BatCoV RaTG13) was described previously in horseshoe bats. We analyzed the selective events that accompanied the divergence of SARS-CoV-2 from BatCoV RaTG13. To this end, we applied a population genetics-phylogenetics approach, which leverages within-population variation and divergence from an outgroup. Results indicated that most sites in the viral open reading frames (ORFs) evolved under conditions of strong to moderate purifying selection. The most highly constrained sequences corresponded to some nonstructural proteins (nsps) and to the M protein. Conversely, nsp1 and accessory ORFs, particularly ORF8, had a nonnegligible proportion of codons evolving under conditions of very weak purifying selection or close to selective neutrality. Overall, limited evidence of positive selection was detected. The 6 bona fide positively selected sites were located in the N protein, in ORF8, and in nsp1. A signal of positive selection was also detected in the receptor-binding motif (RBM) of the spike protein but most likely resulted from a recombination event that involved the BatCoV RaTG13 sequence. In line with previous data, we suggest that the common ancestor of SARS-CoV-2 and BatCoV RaTG13 encoded/encodes an RBM similar to that observed in SARS-CoV-2 itself and in some pangolin viruses. It is presently unknown whether the common ancestor still exists and, if so, which animals it infects. Our data, however, indicate that divergence of SARS-CoV-2 from BatCoV RaTG13 was accompanied by limited episodes of positive selection, suggesting that the common ancestor of the two viruses was poised for human infection.IMPORTANCE Coronaviruses are dangerous zoonotic pathogens; in the last 2 decades, three coronaviruses have crossed the species barrier and caused human epidemics. One of these is the recently emerged SARS-CoV-2. We investigated how, since its divergence from a closely related bat virus, natural selection shaped the genome of SARS-CoV-2. We found that distinct coding regions in the SARS-CoV-2 genome evolved under conditions of different degrees of constraint and are consequently more or less prone to tolerate amino acid substitutions. In practical terms, the level of constraint provides indications about which proteins/protein regions are better suited as possible targets for the development of antivirals or vaccines. We also detected limited signals of positive selection in three viral ORFs. However, we warn that, in the absence of knowledge about the chain of events that determined the human spillover, these signals should not be necessarily interpreted as evidence of an adaptation to our species."}, {"pmid": 32456750, "title": "Hospital infection and COVID-19: Do not put all your eggs on the \"swab\" tests.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Chirico, Francesco", "Nucera, Gabriella", "Magnavita, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456750", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500322, "pmcid": "PMC7272104", "title": "Securing Posterior Auricular Incision with Button Headbands in Prominent Ear Patients Wearing Surgical Masks for Self-protection in the Pandemic.", "journal": "Aesthetic Plast Surg", "authors": ["Ozkan, Burak", "Uysal, Cagri A", "Ertas, Nilgun M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500322", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this letter, we describe an attachment on conventional headbands recommended for the postoperative period in prominent ear patients to confidently wear surgical masks without disturbing the posterior auricular incision. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266."}, {"pmid": 32321645, "pmcid": "PMC7158776", "title": "The continuing evolution of COVID-19 imaging pathways in the UK: a British Society of Thoracic Imaging expert reference group update.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Hare, S S", "Rodrigues, J C L", "Nair, A", "Jacob, J", "Upile, S", "Johnstone, A", "Mcstay, R", "Edey, A", "Robinson, G"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321645", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425463, "pmcid": "PMC7228719", "title": "Personalizing Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Strategies in COVID-19-associated lung injury: the Utility of Lung Ultrasound.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Conway, Hannah", "Lau, Gary", "Zochios, Vasileios"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425463", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32044814, "pmcid": "PMC7147277", "title": "Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus cases in tertiary hospitals in Hubei Province.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Liu, Kui", "Fang, Yuan-Yuan", "Deng, Yan", "Liu, Wei", "Wang, Mei-Fang", "Ma, Jing-Ping", "Xiao, Wei", "Wang, Ying-Nan", "Zhong, Min-Hua", "Li, Cheng-Hong", "Li, Guang-Cai", "Liu, Hui-Guo"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32044814", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing an outbreak of pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei province of China was isolated in January 2020. This study aims to investigate its epidemiologic history, and analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment regimens, and prognosis of patients infected with 2019-nCoV during this outbreak. Clinical data from 137 2019-nCoV-infected patients admitted to the respiratory departments of nine tertiary hospitals in Hubei province from December 30, 2019 to January 24, 2020 were retrospectively collected, including general status, clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, imaging characteristics, and treatment regimens. None of the 137 patients (61 males, 76 females, aged 20-83 years, median age 57 years) had a definite history of exposure to Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market. Major initial symptoms included fever (112/137, 81.8%), coughing (66/137, 48.2%), and muscle pain or fatigue (44/137, 32.1%), with other, less typical initial symptoms observed at low frequency, including heart palpitations, diarrhea, and headache. Nearly 80% of the patients had normal or decreased white blood cell counts, and 72.3% (99/137) had lymphocytopenia. Lung involvement was present in all cases, with most chest computed tomography scans showing lesions in multiple lung lobes, some of which were dense; ground-glass opacity co-existed with consolidation shadows or cord-like shadows. Given the lack of effective drugs, treatment focused on symptomatic and respiratory support. Immunoglobulin G was delivered to some critically ill patients according to their conditions. Systemic corticosteroid treatment did not show significant benefits. Notably, early respiratory support facilitated disease recovery and improved prognosis. The risk of death was primarily associated with age, underlying chronic diseases, and median interval from the appearance of initial symptoms to dyspnea. The majority of patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia present with fever as the first symptom, and most of them still showed typical manifestations of viral pneumonia on chest imaging. Middle-aged and elderly patients with underlying comorbidities are susceptible to respiratory failure and may have a poorer prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32363212, "pmcid": "PMC7184359", "title": "Review: Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Open Forum Infect Dis", "authors": ["Pastick, Katelyn A", "Okafor, Elizabeth C", "Wang, Fan", "Lofgren, Sarah M", "Skipper, Caleb P", "Nicol, Melanie R", "Pullen, Matthew F", "Rajasingham, Radha", "McDonald, Emily G", "Lee, Todd C", "Schwartz, Ilan S", "Kelly, Lauren E", "Lother, Sylvain A", "Mitja, Oriol", "Letang, Emili", "Abassi, Mahsa", "Boulware, David R"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363212", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a rapidly emerging viral infection causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have garnered unprecedented attention as potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19 following several small clinical trials, uncontrolled case series, and public figure endorsements. While there is a growing body of scientific data, there is also concern for harm, particularly QTc prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias. Here, we perform a rapid narrative review and discuss the strengths and limitations of existing in vitro and clinical studies. We call for additional randomized controlled trial evidence prior to the widespread incorporation of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine into national and international treatment guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32340751, "pmcid": "PMC7142670", "title": "Management of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) coronavirus epidemic in hemodialysis units.", "journal": "Nefrologia", "authors": ["Arenas, Maria Dolores", "Villar, Judit", "Gonzalez, Cristina", "Cao, Higinio", "Collado, Silvia", "Crespo, Marta", "Horcajada, Juan Pablo", "Pascual, Julio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340751", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 represents a special risk for renal patients due to their comorbidities and advanced age. The usual performance of hemodialysis treatments in collective rooms increases the risk. The specific information at this time in this regard is very limited. This manuscript includes a proposal for action to prevent infection in the Nephrology Services, and in particular in Hemodialysis Units, with the objective of early identification of patients who meet the definition of a suspected case of infection by SARS-CoV-2 and propose circuits and mechanisms to carry out hemodialysis treatments. They are recommendations in continuous review and can be modified if the epidemiological situation, the diagnostic and therapeutic options so require."}, {"pmid": 32315263, "title": "Telemedicine in the Time of the Coronavirus.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Merrell, Ronald C", "Doarn, Charles R Editors-in-Chief"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315263", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243239, "pmcid": "PMC7233400", "title": "Regarding \"Artificial Intelligence Distinguishes COVID-19 from Community Acquired Pneumonia on Chest CT\".", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Dadario, Andrew Maranhao Ventura", "Paiva, Joselisa Peres Queiroz", "Chate, Rodrigo Caruso", "Machado, Birajara Soares", "Szarf, Gilberto"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243239", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285915, "pmcid": "PMC7184501", "title": "Typical takotsubo syndrome triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Meyer, Philippe", "Degrauwe, Sophie", "Van Delden, Christian", "Ghadri, Jelena-Rima", "Templin, Christian"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285915", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363615, "pmcid": "PMC7267521", "title": "COVID-19 risk triage: Engaging residents in telephonic screening.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Casas, Rachel S", "Cooper, Jennifer L", "Hempel, Eliana V"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363615", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437648, "pmcid": "PMC7234792", "title": "Delayed diagnosis of COVID-19 in a 34-year-old man with atypical presentation.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Harkin, Timothy J", "Rurak, Kevin M", "Martins, John", "Eber, Corey", "Szporn, Arnold H", "Beasley, Mary Beth"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437648", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318931, "pmcid": "PMC7173775", "title": "The response during a pandemic is a blurred vision of the future. Reflections on the Lombardy reorganization of the neurosurgical emergencies during the COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Giussani, Carlo", "Sganzerla, Erik", "Valvassori, Luca", "Alparone, Mario", "Citerio, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318931", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234091, "pmcid": "PMC7163187", "title": "When infection prevention enters the temple: Intergenerational social distancing and COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Hartley, David M", "Reisinger, Heather Schacht", "Perencevich, Eli N"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234091", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293753, "pmcid": "PMC7262275", "title": "The impact of COPD and smoking history on the severity of COVID-19: A systemic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhao, Qianwen", "Meng, Meng", "Kumar, Rahul", "Wu, Yinlian", "Huang, Jiaofeng", "Lian, Ningfang", "Deng, Yunlei", "Lin, Su"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293753", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Comorbidities are associated with the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This meta-analysis aimed to explore the risk of severe COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ongoing smoking history. A comprehensive systematic literature search was carried out to find studies published from December 2019 to 22 March 2020 from five databases. The languages of literature included English and Chinese. The point prevalence of severe COVID-19 in patients with pre-existing COPD and those with ongoing smoking was evaluated with this meta-analysis. Overall 11 case series, published either in Chinese or English language with a total of 2002 cases, were included in this study. The pooled OR of COPD and the development of severe COVID-19 was 4.38 (fixed-effects model; 95% CI: 2.34-8.20), while the OR of ongoing smoking was 1.98 (fixed-effects model; 95% CI: 1.29-3.05). There was no publication bias as examined by the funnel plot and Egger's test (P\u2009=\u2009not significant). The heterogeneity of included studies was moderate for both COPD and ongoing smoking history on the severity of COVID-19. COPD and ongoing smoking history attribute to the worse progression and outcome of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32388613, "pmcid": "PMC7211048", "title": "When nuclear medicine radiological protection meets biological COVID-19 protection.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Vigne, Jonathan", "Aide, Nicolas", "Peyronnet, Damien", "Nganoa, Catherine", "Agostini, Denis", "Barbey, Pierre"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388613", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312643, "pmcid": "PMC7129981", "title": "Orthopedic surgery post COVID-19: an opportunity for innovation and transformation.", "journal": "J Shoulder Elbow Surg", "authors": ["Menendez, Mariano E", "Jawa, Andrew", "Haas, Derek A", "Warner, Jon J P"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312643", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512240, "title": "A rapid systematic review of the efficacy of face masks and respirators against coronaviruses and other respiratory transmissible viruses for the community, healthcare workers and sick patients.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Stud", "authors": ["MacIntyre, C Raina", "Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512240", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of COVID-19 is growing, and a shortage of masks and respirators has been reported globally. Policies of health organizations for healthcare workers are inconsistent, with a change in policy in the US for universal face mask use. The aim of this study was to review the evidence around the efficacy of masks and respirators for healthcare workers, sick patients and the general public. A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials on use of respiratory protection by healthcare workers, sick patients and community members was conducted. Articles were searched on Medline and Embase using key search terms. A total of 19 randomised controlled trials were included in this study - 8 in community settings, 6 in healthcare settings and 5 as source control. Most of these randomised controlled trials used different interventions and outcome measures. In the community, masks appeared to be effective with and without hand hygiene, and both together are more protective. Randomised controlled trials in health care workers showed that respirators, if worn continually during a shift, were effective but not if worn intermittently. Medical masks were not effective, and cloth masks even less effective. When used by sick patients randomised controlled trials suggested protection of well contacts. The study suggests that community mask use by well people could be beneficial, particularly for COVID-19, where transmission may be pre-symptomatic. The studies of masks as source control also suggest a benefit, and may be important during the COVID-19 pandemic in universal community face mask use as well as in health care settings. Trials in healthcare workers support the use of respirators continuously during a shift. This may prevent health worker infections and deaths from COVID-19, as aerosolisation in the hospital setting has been documented."}, {"pmid": 32428144, "title": "Coronavirus: a clinical update of Covid-19.", "journal": "Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)", "authors": ["Cespedes, Mateus da Silveira", "Souza, Jose Carlos Rosa Pires de"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428144", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A covid-19 pandemic decreed by WHO has raised greater awareness of it. The infection reached the mark of 350,000 patients in 33 countries and affected as comorbidities the presence of comorbidities and advanced age. The transmissibility calculated so far is similar to the H1N1 epidemic, but with lower mortality rates. The SARS-CoV-2 virus, of the Coronaviridae family, has the capacity for cellular invasion through the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 does not have a lower respiratory epithelium and in the cells of the small intestine mucosa. A presentation can be divided into mild (fever, fatigue, cough, myalgia, and sputum) and severe (cyanosis, dyspnoea, tachypnea, chest pain, hypoxemia and need for clinical measurement) and has an estimated estimate of 2%.allows the detection of viral load in CRP-TR of patients with high clinical suspicion. Based on supportive measures and infection control. In severe cases, the use of medications such as hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin or medication can be promising. Take care to avoid the use of corticosteroids. There are no restrictions on the use of resources and ACEIs / ARBs."}, {"pmid": 32344425, "title": "The Doctor's Dilemma: lessons from GB Shaw in a modern pandemic COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Res", "authors": ["Molloy, Eleanor J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344425", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current COVID 19 pandemic, the only treatments are supportive as no definitive pharmacological intervention is available. The heterogeneity of the immune response in different patient groups is clear with less severe illness in children. Understanding these disparities is particularly important as severely affected patients with COVID19 cannot always be predicted before they experience a cytokine storm and multiorgan dysfunction. Over 100 years ago, the concept of individualised immunotherapy was introduced by Sir Almroth Wright and immortalised in GB Shaw's play The Doctor's Dilemma. Shaw's play The Doctor's Dilemma explores the issues of private medical practice, equality of health care delivery, rationing of scarce resources (intensive care) and high-risk therapies. The play also describes the dilemma of rationing of resources and selecting the correct patient for new experimental therapies. Immunological theories of the time are now reflected in current understanding of inflammatory responses in sepsis and immunomodulation during the COVID19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32369619, "pmcid": "PMC7267151", "title": "Observations about sexual and other routes of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) transmission and its prevention.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Tatu, A L", "Nadasdy, T", "Nwabudike, L C"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369619", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32114745, "title": "[Characteristics of peripheral blood leukocyte differential counts in patients with COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Y X", "Wu, W", "Yang, T", "Zhou, W", "Fu, Y M", "Feng, Q M", "Ye, J M"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114745", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the early changes of peripheral blood leukocyte differential counts in patients with COVID-19. Ten patients with COVID-19 and 30 patients with other viral pneumonia (non-COVID-19) admitted to Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital and Jinshan Branch Hospital from January 22 to February 17, 2020 were enrolled in this study. The differential counts of white blood cells were analyzed. Patients in COVID-19 group showed relatively lower absolute white blood cell (WBC) count 4.95(3.90,6.03)\u00d710(9)/L, lymphocyte absolute count 1.20(0.98,1.50)\u00d710(9)/L and eosinophil absolute count 0.01(0.01,0.01)\u00d710(9)/L. Leukopenia developed in two patients(2/10), lymphocytopenia also in two patients(2/10). Seven over ten patients presented with eosinophil cytopenia. In non-COVID-19 group, absolute WBC count was 8.20 (6.78,9.03) \u00d710(9)/L (P<0.001), lymphocyte absolute count 1.75(1.20,2.53)\u00d710(9)/L(P=0.036), eosinophil absolute count 0.02(0.01,0.03)\u00d710(9)/L(P=0.05). Lymphocytopenia occurred in (16.7%) patients, eosinophil cytopenia in 16.7% patients too. In conclusion, leukopenia, lymphocytopenia and eosinophil cytopenia are more common in COVID-19 patients than those in non- COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32516032, "title": "Icarus and Sports After COVID 19: Too Close to the Sun?", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Baggish, Aaron L", "Levine, Benjamin D"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516032", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407719, "pmcid": "PMC7212947", "title": "Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalized and Critically Ill Children and Adolescents with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) at a Tertiary Care Medical Center in New York City.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Chao, Jerry Y", "Derespina, Kim R", "Herold, Betsy C", "Goldman, David L", "Aldrich, Margaret", "Weingarten, Jacqueline", "Ushay, Henry M", "Cabana, Michael D", "Medar, Shivanand S"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407719", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the clinical profiles and risk factors for critical illness in hospitalized children and adolescents with COVID-19. Children 1 month to 21 years with COVID-19 from a single tertiary care children's hospital between March 15-April 13, 2020 were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected. 67 children tested positive for COVID-19; 21 (31.3%) were managed as outpatients. Of 46 admitted patients, 33 (72%) were admitted to the general pediatric medical unit and 13 (28%) to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Obesity and asthma were highly prevalent but not significantly associated with PICU admission (p=0.99). Admission to the PICU was significantly associated with higher C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and pro-B type natriuretic peptide levels and platelet counts (p<0.05 for all). Patients in the PICU were more likely to require high-flow nasal cannula (p=0.0001) and were more likely to have received Remdesivir through compassionate release (p<0.05). Severe sepsis and septic shock syndromes were observed in 7 (53.8%) PICU patients. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was observed in 10 (77%) PICU patients, 6 of whom (46.2%) required invasive mechanical ventilation for a median of 9 days. Of the 13 patients in the PICU, 8 (61.5%) were discharged home, and 4 (30.7%) patients remain hospitalized on ventilatory support at day 14. One patient died after withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy because of metastatic cancer. We describe a higher than previously recognized rate of severe disease requiring PICU admission in pediatric patients admitted to the hospital with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32381282, "pmcid": "PMC7194847", "title": "Intensive Medicine and Nursing Home Care in Times of SARS CoV-2: A Norwegian Perspective.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Husebo, Bettina S", "Berge, Line I"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381282", "countries": ["Norway"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312600, "pmcid": "PMC7270576", "title": "Clinical consensus recommendations regarding non-invasive respiratory support in the adult patient with acute respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Cinesi Gomez, Cesar", "Penuelas Rodriguez, Oscar", "Lujan Torne, Manel", "Egea Santaolalla, Carlos", "Masa Jimenez, Juan Fernando", "Garcia Fernandez, Javier", "Carratala Perales, Jose Manuel", "Heili-Frades, Sarah Beatrice", "Ferrer Monreal, Miquel", "de Andres Nilsson, Jose M", "Lista Arias, Eva", "Sanchez Rocamora, Juan Luis", "Garrote, Jose Ignacio", "Zamorano Serrano, Miguel J", "Gonzalez Martinez, Monica", "Farrero Munoz, Eva", "Mediano San Andres, Olga", "Rialp Cervera, Gemma", "Mas Serra, Arantxa", "Hernandez Martinez, Gonzalo", "de Haro Lopez, Candelaria", "Roca Gas, Oriol", "Ferrer Roca, Ricard", "Romero Berrocal, Antonio", "Ferrando Ortola, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312600", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection caused by a newly emergent coronavirus, that was first recognized in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined the infection as a global pandemic and there is a health and social emergency for the management of this new infection. While most people with COVID-19 develop only mild or uncomplicated illness, approximately 14% develop severe disease that requires hospitalization and oxygen support, and 5% require admission to an intensive care unit. In severe cases, COVID-19 can be complicated by the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis and septic shock, and multiorgan failure. This consensus document has been prepared on evidence-informed guidelines developed by a multidisciplinary panel of health care providers from four Spanish scientific societies (Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine [SEMICYUC], Spanish Society of Pulmonologists [SEPAR], Spanish Society of Emergency [SEMES], Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Reanimation, and Pain [SEDAR]) with experience in the clinical management of patients with COVID-19 and other viral infections, including SARS, as well as sepsis and ARDS. The document provides clinical recommendations for the noninvasive respiratory support (noninvasive ventilation, high flow oxygen therapy with nasal cannula) in any patient with suspected or confirmed presentation of COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure. This consensus guidance should serve as a foundation for optimized supportive care to ensure the best possible chance for survival and to allow for reliable comparison of investigational therapeutic interventions as part of randomized controlled trials."}, {"pmid": 32342677, "title": "Severe Thrombocytopenia in a Patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Nham, Eliel", "Ko, Jae Hoon", "Jeong, Byeong Ho", "Huh, Kyungmin", "Cho, Sun Young", "Kang, Cheol In", "Chung, Doo Ryeon", "Peck, Kyong Ran"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342677", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is spreading rapidly all over the world, being a major threat to public health. Since clinical feature of COVID-19 has not been fully evaluated yet, empirical antibacterial agents are frequently combined for the treatment of COVID-19 in addition to antiviral agents, concerning co-existing bacterial pathogens. We experienced a case of severe thrombocytopenia with epistaxis and petechiae, while treating a COVID-19 patient with ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, and lopinavir/ritonavir. The platelet count decreased to 2,000/mm\u00b3 and recovered after discontinuation of the three suspected drugs. In treating a potentially fatal emerging infectious disease, empirical and/or experimental approach would be unavoidable. However, the present case suggests that the possibility of adverse effects caused by polypharmacy should also be carefully considered."}, {"pmid": 32317806, "pmcid": "PMC7172384", "title": "Carpal Fracture and COVID-19 Infection: Observation from Thailand.", "journal": "Indian J Orthop", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317806", "countries": ["Thailand"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278542, "pmcid": "PMC7195317", "title": "Correspondence from Northern Italy about our experience with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pediatr Surg", "authors": ["Leva, Ernesto", "Morandi, Anna", "Sartori, Angelo", "Macchini, Francesco", "Berrettini, Alfredo", "Manzoni, Gianantonio"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278542", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301767, "pmcid": "PMC7188036", "title": "The Orthopaedic Trauma Service and COVID-19 - Practice Considerations to Optimize Outcomes and Limit Exposure.", "journal": "J Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Stinner, Daniel J", "Lebrun, Christopher", "Hsu, Joseph R", "Jahangir, A Alex", "Mir, Hassan R"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301767", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344439, "title": "[COVID-19-Response - Strategies of the Task-Force Coronavirus and experiences upon implementation in the management of 115 cases at the University Medical Center Freiburg].", "journal": "Dtsch Med Wochenschr", "authors": ["Rieg, Siegbert", "Busch, Hans-Jorg", "Hans, Felix", "Grundmann, Hajo", "Biever, Paul", "Burkle, Hartmut", "Hammer, Thorsten", "Thimme, Robert", "Kern, Winfried"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344439", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new pandemic coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) poses immense challenges to health care systems worldwide. In the current manuscript we summarize the strategies, organisational approaches and actions of the Task-force Coronavirus at the University Medical Center Freiburg. We also report on experiences with implementation of these approaches and treatment outcomes in the first 115 COVID patients. Retrospective, narrative process description and analysis of the time period between end of January and beginning of April 2020, performed by representatives of the involved departments and institutes. Additionally a retrospective observational cohort study with descriptive analysis of epidemiological and clinical data of COVID patients admitted until March 31st was performed. A multidisciplinary Task-force Coronavirus initiated measures concerning outpatient testing and counseling, reorganisation and separation of patient flow processes alongside with substantial escalation of inpatient capacities on regular wards and intensive care units. Within the framework of the resulting dynamic care model, 115 patients suffering from COVID could be treated without shortages in staff or bed capacities. In the upcoming pandemic, adequate COVID management and care could be secured by a collaborative approach with inclusion of administrative departments, clinical disciplines and theoretical institutes of the University Medical Center Freiburg."}, {"pmid": 32382259, "pmcid": "PMC7201058", "title": "Recommendations for a safety dental care management during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Panam Salud Publica", "authors": ["Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo", "de Gois-Santos, Vanessa Tavares", "Tavares, Carolina Santos Souza", "de Melo, Elisama Gomes Magalhaes", "do Nascimento-Junior, Edmundo Marques", "Santos, Victor Santana"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382259", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is transmitted mainly through droplets, sneezes and aerosols, there is a high risk of transmission during dental procedures. This report describes measures that can be adopted by oral healthcare personnel to minimize the risk of cross-contamination in clinical practice during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32335003, "pmcid": "PMC7164866", "title": "Proposed Imaging Guidelines for Pregnant Women Suspected of Having COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Karimi, Mohammad Ali", "Radpour, Alireza", "Sedaghat, Abdolrasul", "Gity, Masoumeh", "Hekmatnia, Ali", "Sanei-Taheri, Morteza", "Tarzamani, Mohammad Kazem", "Arab-Ahmadi, Mehran"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335003", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232837, "title": "Headaches Associated With Personal Protective Equipment - A Cross-Sectional Study Among Frontline Healthcare Workers During COVID-19.", "journal": "Headache", "authors": ["Ong, Jonathan J Y", "Bharatendu, Chandra", "Goh, Yihui", "Tang, Jonathan Z Y", "Sooi, Kenneth W X", "Tan, Yi Lin", "Tan, Benjamin Y Q", "Teoh, Hock-Luen", "Ong, Shi T", "Allen, David M", "Sharma, Vijay K"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232837", "countries": ["Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease of pandemic proportions. Healthcare workers in Singapore working in high-risk areas were mandated to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) such as N95 face mask and protective eyewear while attending to patients. We sought to determine the risk factors associated with the development of de novo PPE-associated headaches as well as the perceived impact of these headaches on their personal health and work performance. The impact of COVID-19 on pre-existing headache disorders was also investigated. This is a cross-sectional study among healthcare workers at our tertiary institution who were working in high-risk hospital areas during COVID-19. All respondents completed a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 158 healthcare workers participated in the study. Majority [126/158 (77.8%)] were aged 21-35\u00a0years. Participants included nurses [102/158 (64.6%)], doctors [51/158 (32.3%)], and paramedical staff [5/158 (3.2%)]. Pre-existing primary headache diagnosis was present in about a third [46/158 (29.1%)] of respondents. Those based at the emergency department had higher average daily duration of combined PPE exposure compared to those working in isolation wards [7.0 (SD 2.2) vs 5.2 (SD 2.4) hours, P\u00a0<\u00a0.0001] or medical ICU [7.0 (SD 2.2) vs 2.2 (SD 0.41) hours, P\u00a0<\u00a0.0001]. Out of 158 respondents, 128 (81.0%) respondents developed de novo PPE-associated headaches. A pre-existing primary headache diagnosis (OR\u00a0=\u00a04.20, 95% CI 1.48-15.40; P\u00a0=\u00a0.030) and combined PPE usage for >4\u00a0hours per day (OR 3.91, 95% CI 1.35-11.31; P\u00a0=\u00a0.012) were independently associated with de novo PPE-associated headaches. Since COVID-19 outbreak, 42/46 (91.3%) of respondents with pre-existing headache diagnosis either \"agreed\" or \"strongly agreed\" that the increased PPE usage had affected the control of their background headaches, which affected their level of work performance. Most healthcare workers develop de novo PPE-associated headaches or exacerbation of their pre-existing headache disorders."}, {"pmid": 32242315, "pmcid": "PMC7117879", "title": "In reply: Uncertainty in using chest computed tomography in early coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Chen, Rong", "Meng, Qing-Tao"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242315", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245844, "title": "On being a neurologist in Italy at the time of the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Bersano, Anna", "Pantoni, Leonardo"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245844", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358202, "pmcid": "PMC7199907", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Lamers, Mart M", "Beumer, Joep", "van der Vaart, Jelte", "Knoops, Kevin", "Puschhof, Jens", "Breugem, Tim I", "Ravelli, Raimond B G", "Paul van Schayck, J", "Mykytyn, Anna Z", "Duimel, Hans Q", "van Donselaar, Elly", "Riesebosch, Samra", "Kuijpers, Helma J H", "Schippers, Debby", "van de Wetering, Willine J", "de Graaf, Miranda", "Koopmans, Marion", "Cuppen, Edwin", "Peters, Peter J", "Haagmans, Bart L", "Clevers, Hans"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358202", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The virus severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an influenza-like disease that is primarily thought to infect the lungs with transmission via the respiratory route. However, clinical evidence suggests that the intestine may present another viral target organ. Indeed, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is highly expressed on differentiated enterocytes. In human small intestinal organoids (hSIOs), enterocytes were readily infected by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 as demonstrated by confocal- and electron-microscopy. Consequently, significant titers of infectious viral particles were detected. mRNA expression analysis revealed strong induction of a generic viral response program. Hence, intestinal epithelium supports SARS-CoV-2 replication, and hSIOs serve as an experimental model for coronavirus infection and biology."}, {"pmid": 32400137, "pmcid": "PMC7225002", "title": "Management Practice of Allergic Rhinitis in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Allergy Asthma Immunol Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Yuan", "Zhang, Luo"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400137", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377571, "pmcid": "PMC7199819", "title": "eClinic: increasing use of telehealth as a risk reduction strategy during the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Trauma Surg Acute Care Open", "authors": ["Kemp, Michael T", "Williams, Aaron M", "Alam, Hasan B"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377571", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prior to the covid-19 pandemic, telehealth was already being rapidly adopted nationally by healthcare systems. During the covid-19 pandemic, increased use of telehealth may be considered as a risk reduction strategy. Benefits of this strategy may be conferred to both patients and health providers."}, {"pmid": 32360482, "title": "NSAIDs in patients with viral infections, including Covid-19: Victims or perpetrators?", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Capuano, Annalisa", "Scavone, Cristina", "Racagni, Giorgio", "Scaglione, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360482", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Taking anti-inflammatory drugs, including non-steroidal (NSAIDs), during Covid-19 infection, how much is risky? The French Minister of Health, who has raised an alarm on a possible risk deriving from the use of ibuprofen for the control of fever and other symptoms during the disease, opened the debate a few days ago. In this paper we examine available evidence from preclinical and clinical studies that had analysed the role of COX in the inflammatory process and the effects of NSAIDs in patients with infections. Most of the published studies that suggested not protective effects of NSAIDs were mainly performed in vitro or on animals. Therefore, their meaning in humans is to be considered with great caution. Based also on data suggesting protective effects of NSAIDs, we concluded that currently there is no evidence suggesting a correlation between NSAIDs and a worsening of infections. Further studies will be certainly needed to better define the role of NSAIDs and particularly COX2 inhibitors in patients with infections. In the meantime, we must wait for results of the revision started by the PRAC on May 2019 on the association ibuprofen/ketoprofen\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b\u200b and worsening of infections. Since nowadays no scientific evidence establishes a correlation between NSAIDS and worsening of COVID-19, patients should be advice against any NSAIDs self-medication when COVID-19 like symptoms are present."}, {"pmid": 32374808, "title": "Violence against women, children, and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: overview, contributing factors, and mitigating measures.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Marques, Emanuele Souza", "Moraes, Claudia Leite de", "Hasselmann, Maria Helena", "Deslandes, Suely Ferreira", "Reichenheim, Michael Eduardo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374808", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301761, "pmcid": "PMC7172493", "title": "Digestive Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients With Mild Disease Severity: Clinical Presentation, Stool Viral RNA Testing, and Outcomes.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Han, Chaoqun", "Duan, Caihan", "Zhang, Shengyan", "Spiegel, Brennan", "Shi, Huiying", "Wang, Weijun", "Zhang, Lei", "Lin, Rong", "Liu, Jun", "Ding, Zhen", "Hou, Xiaohua"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301761", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) most commonly presents with respiratory symptoms, including cough, shortness of breath, and sore throat. However, digestive symptoms also occur in patients with COVID-19 and are often described in outpatients with less severe disease. In this study, we sought to describe the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms and mild disease severity. We identified COVID-19 patients with mild disease and one or more digestive symptoms (diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting), with or without respiratory symptoms, and compared them with a group presenting solely with respiratory symptoms. We followed up patients clinically until they tested negative for COVID-19 on at least 2 sequential respiratory tract specimens collected \u226524 hours apart. We then compared the clinical features between those with digestive symptoms and those with respiratory symptoms. There were 206 patients with low severity COVID-19, including 48 presenting with a digestive symptom alone, 69 with both digestive and respiratory symptoms, and 89 with respiratory symptoms alone. Between the 2 groups with digestive symptoms, 67 presented with diarrhea, of whom 19.4% experienced diarrhea as the first symptom in their illness course. The diarrhea lasted from 1 to 14 days, with an average duration of 5.4 \u00b1 3.1 days and a frequency of 4.3 \u00b1 2.2 bowel movements per day. Concurrent fever was found in 62.4% of patients with a digestive symptom. Patients with digestive symptoms presented for care later than those with respiratory symptoms (16.0 \u00b1 7.7 vs 11.6 \u00b1 5.1 days, P < 0.001). Nevertheless, patients with digestive symptoms had a longer duration between symptom onset and viral clearance (P < 0.001) and were more likely to be fecal virus positive (73.3% vs 14.3%, P = 0.033) than those with respiratory symptoms. We describe a unique subgroup of COVID-19 patients with mild disease severity marked by the presence of digestive symptoms. These patients are more likely to test positive for viral RNA in stool, to have a longer delay before viral clearance, and to experience delayed diagnosis compared with patients with only respiratory symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32474032, "pmcid": "PMC7255723", "title": "COVID-19 patients with hypertension have more severity condition, and ACEI/ARB treatment have no infulence on the clinical severity and outcome.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Hu, Jianhua", "Zhang, Xiaoli", "Zhang, Xuan", "Zhao, Hong", "Lian, Jiangshan", "Hao, Shaorui", "Jia, Hongyu", "Yang, Meifang", "Lu, Yingfeng", "Xiang, Dairong", "Cai, Huan", "Zhang, Shanyan", "Gu, Jueqing", "Ye, Chanyuan", "Yu, Guodong", "Jin, Ciliang", "Zheng, Lin", "Yang, Yida", "Sheng, Jifang"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474032", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384910, "pmcid": "PMC7209975", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers' contamination and death: an international view.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Hassanian-Moghaddam, Hossein", "Zamani, Nasim", "Kolahi, Ali-Asghar"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384910", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340070, "pmcid": "PMC7267279", "title": "ACE inhibitors and COVID-19: We don't know yet.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Khashkhusha, Taqua R", "Chan, Jeffrey Shi Kai", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340070", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387666, "pmcid": "PMC7204667", "title": "Reply to: \"A dermatologic manifestation of COVID-19: Transient livedo reticularis\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Thomas, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387666", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266419, "pmcid": "PMC7138655", "title": "COVID-19 and drug-induced liver injury: a problem of plenty or a petty point?", "journal": "Arch Toxicol", "authors": ["Boeckmans, Joost", "Rodrigues, Robim M", "Demuyser, Thomas", "Pierard, Denis", "Vanhaecke, Tamara", "Rogiers, Vera"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266419", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250957, "pmcid": "PMC7173241", "title": "Tracking COVID-19 in Europe: Infodemiology Approach.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Mavragani, Amaryllis"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250957", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Germany", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infodemiology (ie, information epidemiology) uses web-based data to inform public health and policy. Infodemiology metrics have been widely and successfully used to assess and forecast epidemics and outbreaks. In light of the recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic that started in Wuhan, China in 2019, online search traffic data from Google are used to track the spread of the new coronavirus disease in Europe. Time series from Google Trends from January to March 2020 on the Topic (Virus) of \"Coronavirus\" were retrieved and correlated with official data on COVID-19 cases and deaths worldwide and in the European countries that have been affected the most: Italy (at national and regional level), Spain, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Statistically significant correlations are observed between online interest and COVID-19 cases and deaths. Furthermore, a critical point, after which the Pearson correlation coefficient starts declining (even if it is still statistically significant) was identified, indicating that this method is most efficient in regions or countries that have not yet peaked in COVID-19 cases. In the past, infodemiology metrics in general and data from Google Trends in particular have been shown to be useful in tracking and forecasting outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics as, for example, in the cases of the Middle East respiratory syndrome, Ebola, measles, and Zika. With the COVID-19 pandemic still in the beginning stages, it is essential to explore and combine new methods of disease surveillance to assist with the preparedness of health care systems at the regional level."}, {"pmid": 32348743, "pmcid": "PMC7194835", "title": "Screening all pregnant women admitted to labor and delivery for the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Vintzileos, William S", "Muscat, Jolene", "Hoffmann, Eva", "John, Nicole S", "Vertichio, Rosanne", "Vintzileos, Anthony M", "Vo, Duc"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348743", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423513, "pmcid": "PMC7264454", "title": "Critical Care Surge Capacity to Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy: A Rapid and Affordable Solution in the Novara Hospital.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Cammarota, Gianmaria", "Ragazzoni, Luca", "Capuzzi, Fabio", "Pulvirenti, Simone", "De Vita, Nello", "Santangelo, Erminio", "Verdina, Federico", "Grossi, Francesca", "Vaschetto, Rosanna", "Della Corte, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423513", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid insurgence and spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exceeded the limit of the intensive care unit (ICU) contingency plan of the Maggiore della Carit\u00e0 University Hospital (Novara, Italy) generating a crisis management condition. This brief report describes how a prompt response to the sudden request of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) was provided by addressing the key elements of health care system surge capacity from contingency to crisis. In a short time and at a relatively low cost, a structural modification of a hospital aisle allowed to convert the general ICU into a COVID-19 unit, increasing the number of COVID-19 critical care beds by 107%."}, {"pmid": 32201339, "pmcid": "PMC7270549", "title": "Hand hygiene and the novel coronavirus pandemic: The role of healthcare workers.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Lotfinejad, N", "Peters, A", "Pittet, D"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201339", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360048, "pmcid": "PMC7180347", "title": "Re: Riccardo Campi, Daniele Amparore, Umberto Capitanio, et al. Assessing the Burden of Urgent Nondeferrable Uro-oncologic Surgery to Guide Prioritisation Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from Three Italian High-volume Referral Centres. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.054.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Ficarra, Vincenzo", "Mucciardi, Giuseppe", "Giannarini, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360048", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171076, "pmcid": "PMC7270627", "title": "Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Zhou, Fei", "Yu, Ting", "Du, Ronghui", "Fan, Guohui", "Liu, Ying", "Liu, Zhibo", "Xiang, Jie", "Wang, Yeming", "Song, Bin", "Gu, Xiaoying", "Guan, Lulu", "Wei, Yuan", "Li, Hui", "Wu, Xudong", "Xu, Jiuyang", "Tu, Shengjin", "Zhang, Yi", "Chen, Hua", "Cao, Bin"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171076", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but risk factors for mortality and a detailed clinical course of illness, including viral shedding, have not been well described. In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients (\u226518 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or had died by Jan 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. 191 patients (135 from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital) were included in this study, of whom 137 were discharged and 54 died in hospital. 91 (48%) patients had a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (58 [30%] patients), followed by diabetes (36 [19%] patients) and coronary heart disease (15 [8%] patients). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1\u00b710, 95% CI 1\u00b703-1\u00b717, per year increase; p=0\u00b70043), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (5\u00b765, 2\u00b761-12\u00b723; p<0\u00b70001), and d-dimer greater than 1 \u03bcg/mL (18\u00b742, 2\u00b764-128\u00b755; p=0\u00b70033) on admission. Median duration of viral shedding was 20\u00b70 days (IQR 17\u00b70-24\u00b70) in survivors, but SARS-CoV-2 was detectable until death in non-survivors. The longest observed duration of viral shedding in survivors was 37 days. The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 \u03bcg/mL could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Key Research and Development Program of China; The Beijing Science and Technology Project; and Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development."}, {"pmid": 32493595, "pmcid": "PMC7263274", "title": "Delayed umbilical cord clamping and breastfeeding after childbirth in mothers affected by COVID 19: Recommended or not?", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Kohan, Shahnaz", "Rahnemaei, Fatemeh Alsadat"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493595", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430579, "pmcid": "PMC7236641", "title": "[18F]-FDG PET/CT for suspected lymphoma relapse in a patient with concomitant pneumococcal pneumonia during COVID-19 outbreak: unexpected SARS-Cov-2 co-infection despite double RT-PCR negativity.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Zanoni, Lucia", "Mosconi, Cristina", "Cervati, Veronica", "Diegoli, Margherita", "Monteduro, Francesco", "Golfieri, Rita", "Fanti, Stefano"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430579", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270521, "pmcid": "PMC7262105", "title": "Data Analysis of Coronavirus CoVID-19 Epidemic in South Korea Based on Recovered and Death Cases.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Al-Rousan, Nadia", "Al-Najjar, Hazem"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270521", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus epidemic caused announcing emergency case in South Korea. The virus started with one infected case by January 20, 2020, where 9583 announced cases were reported by March 29, 2020. This indicates that the number of confirmed cases is increasing rapidly, which can cause national crises for South Korea. The aim of this study is to fill a gap between previous studies and the current development of CoVID-19 spreading, by extracting a relationship between independent variables and dependent variable. This research statistically analyzed the effect of sex, region, infection reasons, birth year, and released or diseased date on the reported numbers of recovered and deceased cases. The results found that sex, region, and infection reasons affected on both recovered and deceased cases, while birth year only affected on deceased cases. Besides, no deceased cases are reported for released cases, while 11.3% of deceased cases positive confirmed after their deceased. Unknown reason of infection is the main variable that detected in South Korea with more than 33% of total infected cases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32305592, "pmcid": "PMC7162780", "title": "Alert to Potential Contagiousness: A Case of Lung Cancer With Asymptomatic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Ouyang, Wen", "Yu, Jing", "Zhang, Junhong", "Xie, Conghua"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305592", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497344, "title": "COVID-19 presenting with immune thrombocytopenia: a case report and review of the literature.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Murt, Ahmet", "Eskazan, Ahmet Emre", "Yilmaz, Umut", "Ozkan, Tuba", "Ar, Muhlis Cem"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497344", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may be associated with thrombocytopenia which might have different mechanisms in different patients and in different phases of the disease. Cytokine release, thrombotic consumption or autoimmune destruction are some leading etiologies of thrombocytopenia in COVID-19. This case report presents a 41-year-old male COVID-19 patient who had petechiae and purpura as the referral symptoms. Laboratory tests revealed isolated thrombocytopenia with no other additional pathologic findings. Most probable diagnosis was COVID-19 induced immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment generated a good response. There were four other recent publications with a total of eight cases in the literature. The presented case was discussed in comparison with those similar cases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32356867, "pmcid": "PMC7195694", "title": "Contact Tracing Assessment of COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics in Taiwan and Risk at Different Exposure Periods Before and After Symptom Onset.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Cheng, Hao-Yuan", "Jian, Shu-Wan", "Liu, Ding-Ping", "Ng, Ta-Chou", "Huang, Wan-Ting", "Lin, Hsien-Ho"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356867", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmissibility are yet to be fully understood. Better understanding of the transmission dynamics is important for the development and evaluation of effective control policies. To delineate the transmission dynamics of COVID-19 and evaluate the transmission risk at different exposure window periods before and after symptom onset. This prospective case-ascertained study in Taiwan included laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19 and their contacts. The study period was from January 15 to March 18, 2020. All close contacts were quarantined at home for 14 days after their last exposure to the index case. During the quarantine period, any relevant symptoms (fever, cough, or other respiratory symptoms) of contacts triggered a COVID-19 test. The final follow-up date was April 2, 2020. Secondary clinical attack rate (considering symptomatic cases only) for different exposure time windows of the index cases and for different exposure settings (such as household, family, and health care). We enrolled 100 confirmed patients, with a median age of 44 years (range, 11-88 years), including 56 men and 44 women. Among their 2761 close contacts, there were 22 paired index-secondary cases. The overall secondary clinical attack rate was 0.7% (95% CI, 0.4%-1.0%). The attack rate was higher among the 1818 contacts whose exposure to index cases started within 5 days of symptom onset (1.0% [95% CI, 0.6%-1.6%]) compared with those who were exposed later (0 cases from 852 contacts; 95% CI, 0%-0.4%). The 299 contacts with exclusive presymptomatic exposures were also at risk (attack rate, 0.7% [95% CI, 0.2%-2.4%]). The attack rate was higher among household (4.6% [95% CI, 2.3%-9.3%]) and nonhousehold (5.3% [95% CI, 2.1%-12.8%]) family contacts than that in health care or other settings. The attack rates were higher among those aged 40 to 59 years (1.1% [95% CI, 0.6%-2.1%]) and those aged 60 years and older (0.9% [95% CI, 0.3%-2.6%]). In this study, high transmissibility of COVID-19 before and immediately after symptom onset suggests that finding and isolating symptomatic patients alone may not suffice to contain the epidemic, and more generalized measures may be required, such as social distancing."}, {"pmid": 32379309, "pmcid": "PMC7239110", "title": "TeleCheck-AF for COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Linz, Dominik", "Pluymaekers, Nikki A H A", "Hendriks, Jeroen M"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379309", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377056, "pmcid": "PMC7201110", "title": "Lockdown-the only solution to defeat COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Gupta, Abhishek", "Singla, Mahima", "Bhatia, Himanshu", "Sharma, Ved"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377056", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497212, "title": "The natural history and transmission potential of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chau, Nguyen Van Vinh", "Thanh Lam, Vo", "Thanh Dung, Nguyen", "Yen, Lam Minh", "Minh, Ngo Ngoc Quang", "Hung, Le Manh", "Ngoc, Nghiem My", "Dung, Nguyen Tri", "Man, Dinh Nguyen Huy", "Nguyet, Lam Anh", "Nhat, Le Thanh Hoang", "Nhu, Le Nguyen Truc", "Ny, Nguyen Thi Han", "Hong, Nguyen Thi Thu", "Kestelyn, Evelyne", "Dung, Nguyen Thi Phuong", "Xuan, Tran Chanh", "Hien, Tran Tinh", "Thanh Phong, Nguyen", "Tu, Tran Nguyen Hoang", "Geskus, Ronald B", "Thanh, Tran Tan", "Thanh Truong, Nguyen", "Binh, Nguyen Tan", "Thuong, Tang Chi", "Thwaites, Guy", "Tan, Le Van"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497212", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little is known about the natural history of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection or its contribution to infection transmission. We conducted a prospective study at a quarantine center for COVID-19 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. We enrolled quarantined people with RT-PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, collecting clinical data, travel and contact history, and saliva at enrolment and daily nasopharyngeal throat swabs (NTS) for RT-PCR testing. We compared the natural history and transmission potential of asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. Between March 10th and April 4th, 2020, 14,000 quarantined people were tested for SARS-CoV-2; 49 were positive. Of these, 30 participated in the study: 13(43%) never had symptoms and 17(57%) were symptomatic. 17(57%) participants acquired their infection outside Vietnam. Compared with symptomatic individuals, asymptomatic people were less likely to have detectable SARS-CoV-2 in NTS samples collected at enrolment (8/13 (62%) vs. 17/17 (100%) P=0.02). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 20/27 (74%) available saliva; 7/11 (64%) in the asymptomatic and 13/16 (81%) in the symptomatic group (P=0.56). Analysis of the probability of RT-PCR positivity showed asymptomatic participants had faster viral clearance than symptomatic participants (P<0.001 for difference over first 19 days). This difference was most pronounced during the first week of follow-up. Two of the asymptomatic individuals appeared to transmit the infection to up to four contacts. Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is common and can be detected by analysis of saliva or NTS. NTS viral loads fall faster in asymptomatic individuals, but they appear able to transmit the virus to others."}, {"pmid": 32467049, "pmcid": "PMC7248632", "title": "Enhanced Draping for Airway Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Wolter, Nikolaus E", "Matava, Clyde T", "Papsin, Blake C", "Oloya, Alice", "Mercier, Marie-Eve", "Salonga, Eloisa", "Propst, Evan J"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467049", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269068, "pmcid": "PMC7164390", "title": "Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS-coronavirus 2.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Shi, Jianzhong", "Wen, Zhiyuan", "Zhong, Gongxun", "Yang, Huanliang", "Wang, Chong", "Huang, Baoying", "Liu, Renqiang", "He, Xijun", "Shuai, Lei", "Sun, Ziruo", "Zhao, Yubo", "Liu, Peipei", "Liang, Libin", "Cui, Pengfei", "Wang, Jinliang", "Zhang, Xianfeng", "Guan, Yuntao", "Tan, Wenjie", "Wu, Guizhen", "Chen, Hualan", "Bu, Zhigao"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269068", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the infectious disease COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), which was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Despite extensive efforts to control the disease, COVID-19 has now spread to more than 100 countries and caused a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is thought to have originated in bats; however, the intermediate animal sources of the virus are unknown. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of ferrets and animals in close contact with humans to SARS-CoV-2. We found that SARS-CoV-2 replicates poorly in dogs, pigs, chickens, and ducks, but ferrets and cats are permissive to infection. Additionally, cats are susceptible to airborne transmission. Our study provides insights into the animal models for SARS-CoV-2 and animal management for COVID-19 control."}, {"pmid": 32458005, "pmcid": "PMC7248457", "title": "Are disease-related pulmonary perfusion abnormalities detectable in COVID-19 patients? Suspicious findings in a lung perfusion SPECT performed for ruling out classical pulmonary embolism.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Sciagra, Roberto", "Rubino, Federica", "Malandrino, Danilo", "Bernardeschi, Nicoletta", "Pignone, Alberto Moggi", "Berni, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458005", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270420, "pmcid": "PMC7141488", "title": "Management of Cancer Surgery Cases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations.", "journal": "Ann Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Bartlett, David L", "Howe, James R", "Chang, George", "Crago, Aimee", "Hogg, Melissa", "Karakousis, Giorgos", "Levine, Edward", "Maker, Ajay", "Mamounas, Eleftherios", "McGuire, Kandace", "Merchant, Nipun", "Shibata, David", "Sohn, Vance", "Solorzano, Carmen", "Turaga, Kiran", "White, Richard", "Yang, Anthony", "Yoon, Sam"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270420", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527870, "title": "Covid-19: Lack of confidentiality affects healthcare staff too.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Adhiyaman, Vedamurthy"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527870", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404498, "title": "Continuing medical education during a pandemic: an academic institution's experience.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Kanneganti, Abhiram", "Sia, Ching-Hui", "Ashokka, Balakrishnan", "Ooi, Shirley Beng Suat"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404498", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has affected healthcare systems worldwide. The disruption to hospital routines has affected continuing medical education (CME) for specialty trainees (STs). We share our academic institution's experience in mitigating the disruption on the CME programme amidst the pandemic. Most specialty training programmes had switched to videoconferencing to maintain teaching. Some programmes also utilized small group teachings with precautions and e-learning modules. Surgical residencies were disproportionately affected due to reductions in elective procedures but some ways to provide continued surgical exposure include going through archived surgical videos with technical pointers from experienced faculty and usage of surgical simulators . We should adapt CME sessions to keep trainees up to date with core clinical competencies as they will continue to manage both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 cases and this pandemic may last until year's end."}, {"pmid": 32131537, "pmcid": "PMC7141184", "title": "Optimization Method for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Al-Qaness, Mohammed A A", "Ewees, Ahmed A", "Fan, Hong", "Abd El Aziz, Mohamed"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32131537", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, called COVID-19, was discovered in Wuhan, China, and has spread to different cities in China as well as to 24 other countries. The number of confirmed cases is increasing daily and reached 34,598 on 8 February 2020. In the current study, we present a new forecasting model to estimate and forecast the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the upcoming ten days based on the previously confirmed cases recorded in China. The proposed model is an improved adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) using an enhanced flower pollination algorithm (FPA) by using the salp swarm algorithm (SSA). In general, SSA is employed to improve FPA to avoid its drawbacks (i.e., getting trapped at the local optima). The main idea of the proposed model, called FPASSA-ANFIS, is to improve the performance of ANFIS by determining the parameters of ANFIS using FPASSA. The FPASSA-ANFIS model is evaluated using the World Health Organization (WHO) official data of the outbreak of the COVID-19 to forecast the confirmed cases of the upcoming ten days. More so, the FPASSA-ANFIS model is compared to several existing models, and it showed better performance in terms of Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Squared Relative Error (RMSRE), Root Mean Squared Relative Error (RMSRE), coefficient of determination ( R 2 ), and computing time. Furthermore, we tested the proposed model using two different datasets of weekly influenza confirmed cases in two countries, namely the USA and China. The outcomes also showed good performances."}, {"pmid": 32355296, "pmcid": "PMC7191971", "title": "Combating physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Rev Rheumatol", "authors": ["Pinto, Ana Jessica", "Dunstan, David W", "Owen, Neville", "Bonfa, Eloisa", "Gualano, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355296", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250244, "pmcid": "PMC7198232", "title": "Potential harmful effects of discontinuing ACE-inhibitors and ARBs in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Rossi, Gian Paolo", "Sanga, Viola", "Barton, Matthias"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250244", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The discovery of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) as the receptor for SARS- CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) has implicated the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The angiotensin converting enzyme-1-angiotensin II-angiotensin AT1 receptor pathway contributes to the pathophysiology of ARDS, whereas activation of the ACE-2-angiotensin(1-7)-angiotensin AT2 receptor and the ACE-2-angiotensin(1-7)-Mas receptor pathways have been shown to be protective. Here we propose and discuss therapeutic considerations how to increase soluble ACE-2 in plasma in order for ACE-2 to capture and thereby inactivate SARS-CoV-2. This could be achieved by administering recombinant soluble ACE-2. We also discuss why and how ACEIs and ARBs provide cardiovascular, renal and also pulmonary protection in SARS-CoV-2- associated ARDS. Discontinuing these medications in COVID-19 patients may therefore potentially be harmful."}, {"pmid": 32440019, "title": "Science superpowers after COVID-19 lockdowns lift: a letter of hope from China to the United States.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Zhou, Xiao-Nong"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440019", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["NONE", "General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424327, "pmcid": "PMC7232062", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) and colonization of ocular tissues and secretions: a systematic review.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Aiello, Francesco", "Gallo Afflitto, Gabriele", "Mancino, Raffaele", "Li, Ji-Peng Olivia", "Cesareo, Massimo", "Giannini, Clarissa", "Nucci, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424327", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has been described to potentially be complicated by ocular involvement. However, scant information is available regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and ocular structures tropism. We conducted a systematic review of articles referenced in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Chinese Clinical Trial Register (ChiCTR) from December 20, 2019 to April 6, 2020, providing information on the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in cornea, conjunctiva, lacrimal sac, and tears. We excluded ongoing clinical \u00a0studies as for unobtainable conclusive results. Of 2422 articles, 11 met the inclusion criteria for analysis and were included in the study. None of the studies were multinational. Among the 11 selected papers there were three original articles, one review, four letters, two editorials, and one correspondence letter. Globally, 252 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients were included in our review. The prevalence of ocular conjunctivitis complicating the course of COVID-19 was demonstrated to be as high as 32% in one study only. Globally, three patients had conjunctivitis with a positive tear-PCR, 8 patients had positive tear-PCR in the absence of conjunctivitis, and 14 had conjunctivitis with negative tear-PCR. The majority of the available data regarding SARS-CoV-2 colonization of ocular and periocular tissues and secretions have to be considered controversial. However, it cannot be excluded that SARS-CoV-2 could both infect the eye and the surrounding structures. SARS-CoV-2 may use ocular structure as an additional transmission route, as demonstrated by the COVID-19 patients' conjunctival secretion and tears positivity to reverse transcriptase-PCR SARS-CoV-2-RNA assay."}, {"pmid": 32376777, "pmcid": "PMC7228480", "title": "COVID-19: maintaining essential rehabilitation services across the care continuum.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Prvu Bettger, Janet", "Thoumi, Andrea", "Marquevich, Victoria", "De Groote, Wouter", "Rizzo Battistella, Linamara", "Imamura, Marta", "Delgado Ramos, Vinicius", "Wang, Ninie", "Dreinhoefer, Karsten E", "Mangar, Ariane", "Ghandi, Dorcas B C", "Ng, Yee Sien", "Lee, Kheng Hock", "Tan Wei Ming, John", "Pua, Yong Hao", "Inzitari, Marco", "Mmbaga, Blandina T", "Shayo, Mathew J", "Brown, Darren A", "Carvalho, Marissa", "Oh-Park, Mooyeon", "Stein, Joel"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501604, "title": "Recommendations for management of diabetic foot ulcers during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Int Wound J", "authors": ["Kelahmetoglu, Osman", "Camli, Mehmet Fatih", "Kirazoglu, Ahmet", "Erbayat, Yusuf", "Asgarzade, Susan", "Durgun, Ufuk", "Mehdizade, Turan", "Yeniocak, Ali", "Yildiz, Kemalettin", "Sonmez Ergun, Selma", "Guneren, Ethem"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501604", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemia began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. A total of 1\u2009878\u2009489 people were infected and 119\u2009044 people were lost because of the disease and its complications by 15 April. Severe morbidity and mortality complications are mostly seen in elderly and patients having comorbidities. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of severe complications of diabetes mellitus and it may require urgent surgical interventions. In this paper, we aimed to create a management algorithm to prevent the unexpected complications that may occur in the patients and health care workers during the evaluation of COVID-19 in DFU patients who require urgent surgical intervention. We advise the use of thorax computerised tomography for preoperative screening in all DFU patients with severe signs of infection and especially those requiring urgent surgery for both the detection of the possible undiagnosed COVID-19 in the patient for the need for close follow-up and protection of the surgical and anaesthesiology team."}, {"pmid": 32498797, "pmcid": "PMC7144610", "title": "COVID-19: Impact on Perianesthesia Nursing Areas.", "journal": "J Perianesth Nurs", "authors": ["Stannard, Daphne"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498797", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504923, "pmcid": "PMC7261085", "title": "N-Acetylcysteine: A potential therapeutic agent for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Poe, Francis L", "Corn, Joshua"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504923", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, a respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), continues to spread across the globe. Predisposing factors such as age, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and lowered immune function increase the risk of disease severity. T cell exhaustion, high viral load, and high levels of TNF-\u0251, IL1\u03b2, IL6, IL10 have been associated with severe SARS-CoV-2. Cytokine and antigen overstimulation are potentially responsible for poor humoral response to the virus. Lower cellular redox status, which leads to pro-inflammatory states mediated by TNF-\u0251 is also potentially implicated. In vivo, in vitro, and human clinical trials have demonstrated N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as an effective method of improving redox status, especially when under oxidative stress. In human clinical trials, NAC has been used to replenish glutathione stores and increase the proliferative response of T cells. NAC has also been shown to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway (IL1\u03b2 and IL18) in vitro, and decrease plasma TNF-\u0251 in human clinical trials. Mediation of the viral load could occur through NAC's ability to increase cellular redox status via maximizing the rate limiting step of glutathione synthesis, and thereby potentially decreasing the effects of virally induced oxidative stress and cell death. We hypothesize that NAC could act as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of COVID-19 through a variety of potential mechanisms, including increasing glutathione, improving T cell response, and modulating inflammation. In this article, we present evidence to support the use of NAC as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32296257, "pmcid": "PMC7158768", "title": "[Exercising in times of COVID-19: what do experts recommend doing within four walls?]", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Rodriguez, Miguel Angel", "Crespo, Irene", "Olmedillas, Hugo"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296257", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348044, "title": "[Hematology in the time of COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Gavillet, Mathilde", "Rufer, Nathalie", "Grandoni, Francesco", "Carr Klappert, Jeanette", "Zermatten, Maxime G", "Cairoli, Anne", "Canellini, Giorgia", "Alberio, Lorenzo", "Duchosal, Michel A", "Spertini, Olivier", "Blum, Sabine"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348044", "topics": ["Transmission", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic impacts the hematology practice. Intensive chemotherapies for high-grade lymphomas and acute leukemias, multiple myeloma treatments and most hematopoietic stem cell transplantations should be performed as usual. Low-grade lymphomas should only be treated when strictly indicated, maintenance can be postponed. Other myeloid neoplasia and their therapies cause imunosupression; dose adjustment is recommended but no brisk stopping. Sickle cell anemia patients are highly succeptible to severe COVID-19 course. Thrombocytopenia and procoagulant state are associated with severe courses of COVID-19, requiring an individualized therapy. No data indicate a risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through blood product transfusion."}, {"pmid": 32271458, "title": "A classifier prediction model to predict the status of Coronavirus COVID-19 patients in South Korea.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Al-Najjar, H", "Al-Rousan, N"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271458", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus COVID-19 further transmitted to several countries globally. The status of the infected cases can be determined basing on the treatment process along with several other factors. This research aims to build a classifier prediction model to predict the status of recovered and death coronavirus CovID-19 patients in South Korea. Artificial neural network principle is used to classify the collected data between February 20, 2020 and March 9, 2020. The proposed classifier used different seven variables, namely, country, infection reason, sex, group, confirmation date, birth year, and region. The most effective variables on recovered and fatal cases are analyzed based on the neural network model. The results found that the proposed predictive classifier efficiently predicted recovered and death cases. Besides, it is found that discovering the infection reason would increase the probability to recover the patient. This indicates that the virus might be controllable based on infection reasons. In addition, the earlier discovery of the disease affords better control and a higher probability of being recovered. Our recommendation is to use this model to predict the status of the patients globally."}, {"pmid": 32433507, "pmcid": "PMC7237061", "title": "CLL and COVID-19 at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona: an interim report.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["Baumann, Tycho", "Delgado, Julio", "Montserrat, Emili"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433507", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340549, "title": "Evidence-Based Guidelines for Management of Head and Neck Mucosal Malignancies during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Crosby, Dana L", "Sharma, Arun"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340549", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, otolaryngologists face novel challenges when treating patients with head and neck cancer. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the current evidence surrounding the treatment of these patients during this pandemic and to provide evidence-based recommendations with attention to increased risk in this setting. A review of the literature was performed with PubMed. Because recently published articles on this topic may not yet be indexed into PubMed, otolaryngology journals were hand searched for relevant articles. Guidelines from national organizations were reviewed to identify additional relevant sources of information. Two groups of search terms were created: one with terms related to COVID-19 and another with terms related to head and neck cancer and its management. Searches were performed of all terms in each group as well as combinations of terms between groups. Searches and subsequent exclusion of articles were performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses). Additional articles were identified after relevant journals and guidelines from national organizations were reviewed. Patients with head and neck mucosal malignancy require continued treatment despite the current pandemic state. Care must be taken at all stages of treatment to minimize the risk to patients and health care workers while maintaining focus on minimizing use of limited resources. Patient care plans should be guided by best available evidence to optimize outcomes while maintaining a safe environment in the setting of this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32359076, "pmcid": "PMC7267651", "title": "COVID-19: Use of the Clinical Frailty Scale for Critical Care Decisions.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Chong, Edward", "Chan, Mark", "Tan, Huei Nuo", "Lim, Wee Shiong"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359076", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489502, "pmcid": "PMC7239583", "title": "COVID-19 and Renal Failure: Challenges in the Delivery of Renal Replacement Therapy.", "journal": "J Clin Med Res", "authors": ["Adapa, Sreedhar", "Aeddula, Narothama Reddy", "Konala, Venu Madhav", "Chenna, Avantika", "Naramala, Srikanth", "Madhira, Bhaskar Reddy", "Gayam, Vijay", "Balla, Mamtha", "Muppidi, Vijayadershan", "Bose, Subhasish"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489502", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first officially reported in December 2019 in Wuhan City, Hubei province, China, and has since lead to a pandemic. Most cases result in minor symptoms such as cough, fever, sore throat, myalgia, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, loss of smell, and abdominal pain. As of April 8, 2020, more than 1,485,000 cases of COVID-19 have been reported in more than 200 countries and territories, resulting in over 90,000 deaths. Outcomes are worse in elderly patients, particularly males, and those with comorbidities, but can affect any age group. The incidence of acute kidney injury in patients with COVID-19 infection is about 3-15%; and in patients with severe infection requiring care in the intensive care unit, the rates of acute kidney injury increased significantly from 15% to 50%. Acute kidney injury is an independent risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients. The nephrologists, as well as intensivists, are facing immense daily challenges while providing care for these patients in the inpatient setting as well as end-stage renal disease patients on chronic dialysis in both inpatient and outpatient settings. In the current review article, we discussed the epidemiology and etiology of acute kidney injury, management of acute kidney injury including renal replacement therapy options (both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis) for inpatient floor, as well as intensive care unit settings. We also discussed the challenges faced by the outpatient dialysis units with COVID-19 infection. We discussed measures required to limit the spread of infection, as well as summarized the guidance as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), American Society of Nephrology (ASN), American Society of Diagnostic and Interventional Nephrology (ASDIN) and the Vascular Access Society of the Americas (VASA)."}, {"pmid": 32519894, "title": "Heparin as a Therapy for COVID-19: Current Evidence and Future Possibilities.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Hippensteel, Joseph Alan", "LaRiviere, Wells B", "Colbert, James F", "Langouet-Astrie, Christophe J", "Schmidt, Eric P"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519894", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the clinical syndrome associated with infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has impacted nearly every country in the world. Despite an unprecedented focus of scientific investigation, there is a paucity of evidence-based pharmacotherapies against this disease. Due to this lack of data-driven treatment strategies, broad variations in practice patterns have emerged. Observed hypercoagulability in COVID-19 patients has created debate within the critical care community on the therapeutic utility of heparin. We seek to provide an overview of the data supporting the therapeutic use of heparin, both unfractionated and low molecular weight, as an anticoagulant for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, we review preclinical evidence establishing biological plausibility for heparin and synthetic heparin-like drugs as therapies for COVID-19 through anti-viral and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, we discuss known adverse effects and theoretical off-target effects that may temper enthusiasm for the adoption of heparin as a therapy in COVID-19 without confirmatory prospective randomized controlled trials. Despite previous failures of anticoagulants in critical illness, plausibility of heparin for COVID-19 is sufficiently robust to justify urgent randomized controlled trials to determine the safety and effectiveness of this therapy."}, {"pmid": 32494921, "pmcid": "PMC7268583", "title": "31 days of COVID-19-cardiac events during restriction of public life-a comparative study.", "journal": "Clin Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Rattka, Manuel", "Baumhardt, Michael", "Dreyhaupt, Jens", "Rothenbacher, Dietrich", "Thiessen, Kevin", "Markovic, Sinisa", "Rottbauer, Wolfgang", "Imhof, Armin"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494921", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 outbreak led to the most recent pandemic of the twenty-first century. To contain spread of the virus, many nations introduced a public lockdown. How the pandemic itself and measures of social restriction affect hospital admissions due to acute cardiac events has rarely been evaluated yet. German public authorities announced measures of social restriction between March 21st and April 20th, 2020. During this period, all patients suffering from an acute cardiac event admitted to our hospital (N\u2009=\u200994) were assessed and incidence rate ratios (IRR) of admissions for acute cardiac events estimated, and compared with those during the same period in the previous three years (2017-2019, N\u2009=\u2009361). Admissions due to cardiac events were reduced by 22% as compared to the previous years (n\u2009=\u200994 vs. an average of n\u2009=\u2009120 per year for 2017-2019). Whereas IRR for STEMI 1.20 (95% CI 0.67-2.14) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest IRR 0.82 (95% CI 0.33-2.02) remained similar, overall admissions with an IRR of 0.78 (95% CI 0.62-0.98) and IRR for NSTEMI with 0.46 (95% CI 0.27-0.78) were significantly lower. In STEMI patients, plasma concentrations of high-sensitivity troponin T at admission were significantly higher (644\u00a0ng/l, IQR 372-2388) compared to 2017-2019 (195\u00a0ng/l, IQR 84-1134; p\u2009=\u20090.02). The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and concomitant social restrictions are associated with reduced cardiac events admissions to our tertiary care center. From a public health perspective, strategies have to be developed to assure patients are seeking and getting medical care and treatment in time during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32425295, "pmcid": "PMC7228706", "title": "Changes in population movement make COVID-19 spread differently from SARS.", "journal": "Soc Sci Med", "authors": ["Shi, Qiujie", "Dorling, Danny", "Cao, Guangzhong", "Liu, Tao"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425295", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This comment discusses the contribution of population movement to the spread of COVID-19, with a reference to the spread of SARS 17 years ago. We argue that the changing geography of migration, the diversification of jobs taken by migrants, the rapid growth of tourism and business trips, and the longer distance taken by people for family reunion are what make the spread of COVID-19 so differently from that of SARS. These changes in population movement are expected to continue. Hence, new strategies in disease prevention and control should be taken accordingly, which are also proposed in the comment."}, {"pmid": 32093458, "pmcid": "PMC7047003", "title": "Mental Health Care Measures in Response to the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in Korea.", "journal": "Psychiatry Investig", "authors": ["Park, Seon-Cheol", "Park, Yong Chon"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32093458", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383171, "pmcid": "PMC7267605", "title": "Asymptomatic cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Yishan", "Kang, Hanyujie", "Liu, Xuefeng", "Tong, Zhaohui"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383171", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 March 2020, Chinese Health Authorization announced that numbers of asymptomatic cases with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection will be made to the public daily. This was a very important step since different counties have different capacities for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection and control strategy for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak. We summarized the characteristics of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and the transmission potential of asymptomatic cases. Then we provided guidelines for the management of asymptomatic cases through quarantine and nucleic acid/serology tests."}, {"pmid": 32449392, "title": "A role for lived experience mental health leadership in the age of Covid-19.", "journal": "J Ment Health", "authors": ["Byrne, Louise", "Wykes, Til"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449392", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482098, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic Triggers Telemedicine Regulation and Intensifies Diabetes Management Technology Adoption in Brazil.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Teles, Milena", "Sacchetta, Teresa", "Matsumoto, Yuri"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482098", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411337, "pmcid": "PMC7221389", "title": "Transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Dent Sci", "authors": ["Patel, Jay"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411337", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349579, "pmcid": "PMC7202359", "title": "COVID-19: the use of immunotherapy in metastatic lung cancer.", "journal": "Immunotherapy", "authors": ["Davis, Alexander P", "Boyer, Michael", "Lee, Jenny H", "Kao, Steven C"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349579", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394480, "pmcid": "PMC7272998", "title": "Care of patients with hemoglobin disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of recommendations.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Taher, Ali T", "Bou-Fakhredin, Rayan", "Kreidieh, Firas", "Motta, Irene", "De Franceschi, Lucia", "Cappellini, Maria Domenica"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394480", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522050, "title": "COVID-19: clinical presentation and implications. A primer for obstetricians.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Dahan, Michael H", "Steiner, Naama"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522050", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473114, "pmcid": "PMC7251354", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Screening All Pregnant Women Admitted To Labor And Delivery For The Virus Responsible For COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Henderson, Cassandra E", "Jackman, Janelle M", "Rezai, Shadi"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473114", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292917, "pmcid": "PMC7151247", "title": "Exploring Personal Protection During High-Risk PCI in a COVID-19 Patient: Impella CP Mechanical Support During ULMCA Bifurcation Stenting.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Bettari, Luca", "Pero, Gaetano", "Maiandi, Cristian", "Messina, Antonio", "Saccocci, Matteo", "Cirillo, Marco", "Troise, Giovanni", "Conti, Elena", "Cuccia, Claudio", "Maffeo, Diego"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292917", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The correct management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and acute coronary syndrome is still uncertain. We describe the percutaneous treatment of an unprotected left main coronary artery in a patient who is positive for coronavirus disease 2019 with unstable angina, dyspnea and fever. Particular attention will be dedicated to the measures adopted in the catheterization laboratory to protect the staff and to avoid further spread of the infection. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.)."}, {"pmid": 32251718, "pmcid": "PMC7195011", "title": "ACE2 at the centre of COVID-19 from paucisymptomatic infections to severe pneumonia.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Rivellese, Felice", "Prediletto, Edoardo"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251718", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294077, "pmcid": "PMC7188066", "title": "Mental Health Care Providers Dealing With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): What Is the Definition of a Case, How Is That Changing, and What Kinds of Tests Are Available?", "journal": "J Psychiatr Pract", "authors": ["Preskorn, Sheldon H"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294077", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The goal of this column is to inform mental health care professionals about the evolving way the diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is being made, with emphasis on tests to assist in making the diagnosis and to determine the presence of antibodies to the virus. This column also provides some general information about the disease, its relative risks, and efforts to develop effective treatments. Links to credible websites that are being continuously updated are also provided for readers who want more information and to stay current with ongoing developments."}, {"pmid": 32314953, "title": "Public Health and COVID-19: From Response to Recovery.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["James, James J"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314953", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404477, "pmcid": "PMC7223722", "title": "A noncompeting pair of human neutralizing antibodies block COVID-19 virus binding to its receptor ACE2.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Wu, Yan", "Wang, Feiran", "Shen, Chenguang", "Peng, Weiyu", "Li, Delin", "Zhao, Cheng", "Li, Zhaohui", "Li, Shihua", "Bi, Yuhai", "Yang, Yang", "Gong, Yuhuan", "Xiao, Haixia", "Fan, Zheng", "Tan, Shuguang", "Wu, Guizhen", "Tan, Wenjie", "Lu, Xuancheng", "Fan, Changfa", "Wang, Qihui", "Liu, Yingxia", "Zhang, Chen", "Qi, Jianxun", "Gao, George Fu", "Gao, Feng", "Liu, Lei"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404477", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Neutralizing antibodies could potentially be used as antivirals against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Here, we report isolation of four human-origin monoclonal antibodies from a convalescent patient, all of which display neutralization abilities. The antibodies B38 and H4 block binding between the spike glycoprotein receptor binding domain (RBD) of the virus and the cellular receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). A competition assay indicated different epitopes on the RBD for these two antibodies, making them a potentially promising virus-targeting monoclonal antibody pair for avoiding immune escape in future clinical applications. Moreover, a therapeutic study in a mouse model validated that these antibodies can reduce virus titers in infected lungs. The RBD-B38 complex structure revealed that most residues on the epitope overlap with the RBD-ACE2 binding interface, explaining the blocking effect and neutralizing capacity. Our results highlight the promise of antibody-based therapeutics and provide a structural basis for rational vaccine design."}, {"pmid": 32525550, "title": "Temperature, Humidity, and Latitude Analysis to Estimate Potential Spread and Seasonality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Sajadi, Mohammad M", "Habibzadeh, Parham", "Vintzileos, Augustin", "Shokouhi, Shervin", "Miralles-Wilhelm, Fernando", "Amoroso, Anthony"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525550", "countries": ["France", "Korea, Republic of", "Spain", "Japan", "China", "Viet Nam", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Russian Federation", "United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has resulted in a global crisis. Investigating the potential association of climate and seasonality with the spread of this infection could aid in preventive and surveillance strategies. To examine the association of climate with the spread of COVID-19 infection. This cohort study examined climate data from 50 cities worldwide with and without substantial community spread of COVID-19. Eight cities with substantial spread of COVID-19 (Wuhan, China; Tokyo, Japan; Daegu, South Korea; Qom, Iran; Milan, Italy; Paris, France; Seattle, US; and Madrid, Spain) were compared with 42 cities that have not been affected or did not have substantial community spread. Data were collected from January to March 10, 2020. Substantial community transmission was defined as at least 10 reported deaths in a country as of March 10, 2020. Climate data (latitude, mean 2-m temperature, mean specific humidity, and mean relative humidity) were obtained from ERA-5 reanalysis. The 8 cities with substantial community spread as of March 10, 2020, were located on a narrow band, roughly on the 30\u00b0 N to 50\u00b0 N corridor. They had consistently similar weather patterns, consisting of mean temperatures of between 5 and 11 \u00b0C, combined with low specific humidity (3-6 g/kg) and low absolute humidity (4-7 g/m3). There was a lack of substantial community establishment in expected locations based on proximity. For example, while Wuhan, China (30.8\u00b0 N) had 3136 deaths and 80\u202f757 cases, Moscow, Russia (56.0\u00b0 N), had 0 deaths and 10 cases and Hanoi, Vietnam (21.2\u00b0 N), had 0 deaths and 31 cases. In this study, the distribution of substantial community outbreaks of COVID-19 along restricted latitude, temperature, and humidity measurements was consistent with the behavior of a seasonal respiratory virus. Using weather modeling, it may be possible to estimate the regions most likely to be at a higher risk of substantial community spread of COVID-19 in the upcoming weeks, allowing for concentration of public health efforts on surveillance and containment."}, {"pmid": 32397174, "title": "Cytokine Release Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients, A New Scenario for an Old Concern: The Fragile Balance between Infections and Autoimmunity.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Picchianti Diamanti, Andrea", "Rosado, Maria Manuela", "Pioli, Claudio", "Sesti, Giorgio", "Lagana, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397174", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 7 January 2020, researchers isolated and sequenced in China from patients with severe pneumonitis a novel coronavirus, then called SARS-CoV-2, which rapidly spread worldwide, becoming a global health emergency. Typical manifestations consist of flu-like symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue, and dyspnea. However, in about 20% of patients, the infection progresses to severe interstitial pneumonia and can induce an uncontrolled host-immune response, leading to a life-threatening condition called cytokine release syndrome (CRS). CRS represents an emergency scenario of a frequent challenge, which is the complex and interwoven link between infections and autoimmunity. Indeed, treatment of CRS involves the use of both antivirals to control the underlying infection and immunosuppressive agents to dampen the aberrant pro-inflammatory response of the host. Several trials, evaluating the safety and effectiveness of immunosuppressants commonly used in rheumatic diseases, are ongoing in patients with COVID-19 and CRS, some of which are achieving promising results. However, such a use should follow a multidisciplinary approach, be accompanied by close monitoring, be tailored to patient's clinical and serological features, and be initiated at the right time to reach the best results. Autoimmune patients receiving immunosuppressants could be prone to SARS-CoV-2 infections; however, suspension of the ongoing therapy is contraindicated to avoid disease flares and a consequent increase in the infection risk."}, {"pmid": 32499983, "pmcid": "PMC7266564", "title": "A Comprehensive Review of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Baek, Woong Kee", "Sohn, Soo-Yeon", "Mahgoub, Ahmed", "Hage, Robert"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499983", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the\u00a0virus strain\u00a0that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It spread to several countries across continents and infected more than one million people within three months. While there is no consensus on the treatment of the disease yet, understanding the virus and its transmission is a cardinal priority. SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through bodily fluid. Upon inoculation, the surface enzyme angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) acts as a receptor protein for viral entry. The mean incubation period is 5.1 days, and infected individuals can exhibit a variety of symptoms from fever, cough, dyspnea, and respiratory failure to even multiorgan failure. Given the current situation, it is of paramount importance\u00a0to understand the virus as thoroughly as possible. In this review, we discuss the background, epidemiology, possible pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and diagnostic studies related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also elaborate on the current research and evidence on treatment options and vaccine development based on the literature."}, {"pmid": 32483409, "pmcid": "PMC7245619", "title": "The potential insights of Traditional Chinese Medicine on treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Chin Med", "authors": ["Tong, Tong", "Wu, Ying-Qi", "Ni, Wei-Jian", "Shen, Ai-Zong", "Liu, Sheng"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483409", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in 2019 and spread rapidly around the world. There is still no specific antiviral therapy to the current pandemic. In China, historical records show that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is effective in prevention and enhancing the resistance to pandemic with unique insights. To fight with COVID-19, National Health and Commission of PRC has recommended some TCM in the guideline, such as HuoxiangZhengqi, LianhuaQingwen ShufengJiedu and XueBijing, and actually displayed a remarkable effect in clinical treatment strategic for COVID-19. We review studies to provide an in-depth understanding into the effect of TCM, and also introduce the possible mechanism involved in COVID-19 treatment."}, {"pmid": 32436846, "title": "Rare CT feature in a COVID-19 patient: cavitation.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Xu, Zhifeng", "Pan, Aizhen", "Zhou, Huiling"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436846", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466717, "title": "Public and Private Health Services: Wait Times for Health Services and the Risk of Inequality from the Italian Perspective.", "journal": "Popul Health Manag", "authors": ["Cioffi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466717", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516836, "title": "Low-Contact & High-Interconnectivity Pathology (LC&HI Path): Post-COVID19-Pandemic Practice of Pathology.", "journal": "Histopathology", "authors": ["Arends, Mark Johan", "Salto-Tellez, Manuel"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516836", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic situation may be viewed as an opportunity to accelerate some of the ongoing transformations in modern Pathology. This refers primarily to the digitalization of the practice of tissue and cellular pathology diagnostics. However, it is also an opportunity to analyse the modus operandi of a discipline that has practiced in a similar manner for over 100 years. The challenge is to define the next generation of interconnectivity tools that would be necessary to achieve a new operational model that, while ensuring low face-to-face interaction between the main players of the diagnostic pipeline, allows maximum interconnectivity to serve our patients and the immediate teaching and research needs associated with clinical tissue/cellular samples. This viewpoint aims to describe what this new paradigm, a low-contact & high-interconnectivity pathology (LC&HC Path) operation, may require in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32402098, "pmcid": "PMC7273107", "title": "Letter: does vitamin D have a potential role against COVID-19? Authors' reply.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Tian, Yuan", "Rong, Long"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402098", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We thank Kumar et al for their comments on our review article and the letter connected with that by Panarese and Shahini.1,2 We agree that there is a complicated effect of vitamin D in preventing the severity of COVID-19, while this mechanism is not exactly the same as that of influenza."}, {"pmid": 32450197, "pmcid": "PMC7243791", "title": "Extra-respiratory manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Lai, Chih-Cheng", "Ko, Wen-Chien", "Lee, Ping-Ing", "Jean, Shio-Shin", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450197", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global health threat. Although most patients with COVID-19 manifest fever and respiratory tract symptoms, SARS-CoV-2 infection may also involve other organs/systems and present with extra-respiratory manifestations, including cardiac, gastrointestinal, hepatic, renal, neurological, olfactory, gustatory, ocular, cutaneous and haematological symptoms. Occasionally, these extra-respiratory symptoms/signs represent the initial presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, prior to fever or respiratory manifestations. Therefore, this comprehensive review of the extra-respiratory manifestations of COVID-19 is intended to help clinicians better understand the range of clinical presentations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, allowing the consideration of COVID-19 in differential diagnoses. A screening test for SARS-CoV-2 should be performed when patients have these extra-respiratory manifestations. In addition, clinicians should be alerted to the adverse effects of anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents that can mimic the extra-respiratory manifestations of COVID-19. Moreover, some extra-respiratory manifestations, such as ocular and gastrointestinal involvement, may be caused by direct invasion of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, protective measures should be taken while managing the associated clinical specimens. Finally, several extra-respiratory manifestations, such as cardiac involvement, acute kidney injury, coagulation disorders and thrombotic complications, could be associated with a poor prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32416600, "pmcid": "PMC7206434", "title": "Comparison of seven commercial RT-PCR diagnostic kits for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["van Kasteren, Puck B", "van der Veer, Bas", "van den Brink, Sharon", "Wijsman, Lisa", "de Jonge, Jorgen", "van den Brandt, Annemarie", "Molenkamp, Richard", "Reusken, Chantal B E M", "Meijer, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416600", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The final months of 2019 witnessed the emergence of a novel coronavirus in the human population. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has since spread across the globe and is posing a major burden on society. Measures taken to reduce its spread critically depend on timely and accurate identification of virus-infected individuals by the most sensitive and specific method available, i.e. real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Many commercial kits have recently become available, but their performance has not yet been independently assessed. The aim of this study was to compare basic analytical and clinical performance of selected RT-PCR kits from seven different manufacturers (Altona Diagnostics, BGI, CerTest Biotec, KH Medical, PrimerDesign, R-Biopharm AG, and Seegene). We used serial dilutions of viral RNA to establish PCR efficiency and estimate the 95 % limit of detection (LOD95). Furthermore, we ran a panel of SARS-CoV-2-positive clinical samples (n = 13) for a preliminary evaluation of clinical sensitivity. Finally, we used clinical samples positive for non-coronavirus respiratory viral infections (n = 6) and a panel of RNA from related human coronaviruses to evaluate assay specificity. PCR efficiency was \u226596 % for all assays and the estimated LOD95 varied within a 6-fold range. Using clinical samples, we observed some variations in detection rate between kits. Importantly, none of the assays showed cross-reactivity with other respiratory (corona)viruses, except as expected for the SARS-CoV-1 E-gene. We conclude that all RT-PCR kits assessed in this study may be used for routine diagnostics of COVID-19 in patients by experienced molecular diagnostic laboratories."}, {"pmid": 32344143, "pmcid": "PMC7194971", "title": "Patients with Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and Surgery: Guidelines and Checklist Proposal.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Grelat, Michael", "Pommier, Benjamin", "Portet, Sylvain", "Amelot, Aymeric", "Barrey, Cedric", "Leroy, Henri-Arthur", "Madkouri, Rachid"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344143", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The management of patients with novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) represents a new challenge for medical and surgical teams. Each operating room in the world should be prepared thoughtfully, and the development of a protocol and patient route seems mandatory. An adequate degree of protection must be used. We propose recommendations to help different professionals in the establishment of protocols for the management of patients with COVID-19. We also offer a checklist that could be used in the operating room."}, {"pmid": 32303993, "pmcid": "PMC7164704", "title": "Recapitulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection and cholangiocyte damage with human liver ductal organoids.", "journal": "Protein Cell", "authors": ["Zhao, Bing", "Ni, Chao", "Gao, Ran", "Wang, Yuyan", "Yang, Li", "Wei, Jinsong", "Lv, Ting", "Liang, Jianqing", "Zhang, Qisheng", "Xu, Wei", "Xie, Youhua", "Wang, Xiaoyue", "Yuan, Zhenghong", "Liang, Junbo", "Zhang, Rong", "Lin, Xinhua"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303993", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32066526, "pmcid": "PMC7133586", "title": "Full spectrum of COVID-19 severity still being depicted - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Gu, Xiaoying", "Cao, Bin", "Wang, Jianwei"], "date": "2020-02-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32066526", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289878, "pmcid": "PMC7262052", "title": "Emergency endoscopic variceal band ligation in a COVID-19 patient presented with hematemesis while on mechanical ventilation.", "journal": "Dig Endosc", "authors": ["El Kassas, Mohamed", "Al Shafie, Ahmad", "Abdel Hameed, Abo Seif", "Mahdi, Mamdouh"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289878", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), is now a global pandemic with serious health consequences. Currently, many strict control measures are applied in health care settings, including endoscopy units, in order to limit virus spread. Several recommendations called to limit endoscopic procedures to emergent endoscopies; however, several uncertainties still exist concerning patient safety, protective measures, and infection control methods in emergency endoscopic settings. In this case report, we present a case of successful endoscopic band ligation for bleeding esophageal varices in man with COVID-19 disease who presented with an acute attack of hematemesis while on mechanical ventilation (MV). Esophago-gastroduodenoscopy was performed in the ICU room after preparing the setting, and revealed large, risky esophageal varices. Endoscopic band ligation was done with successful control of bleeding. Third-level measures of medical protection were applied for the participating medical personnel, and patient monitoring was maintained all through the procedure. After the procedure, the bleeding stopped, and the patient was vitally stable and conscious. We conclude that emergency endoscopic interventions could be performed safely with appropriate arrangements in patients with confirmed COVID-19 on MV."}, {"pmid": 32275254, "title": "Videoconferences of Infectious Diseases: An educational tool that transcends borders. A useful tool also for the current COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Gonzales-Zamora, Jose A", "Alave, Jorge", "De Lima-Corvino, Daniela F", "Fernandez, Anmary"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275254", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Not available."}, {"pmid": 32344657, "title": "Strategies and Solutions for Team Sports Athletes in Isolation due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Sports (Basel)", "authors": ["Jukic, Igor", "Calleja-Gonzalez, Julio", "Cos, Francesc", "Cuzzolin, Francesco", "Olmo, Jesus", "Terrados, Nicolas", "Njaradi, Nenad", "Sassi, Roberto", "Requena, Bernardo", "Milanovic, Luka", "Krakan, Ivan", "Chatzichristos, Kostas", "Alcaraz, Pedro E"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344657", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December of 2019, there was an outbreak of a severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) in China. The virus rapidly spread into the whole World causing an unprecedented pandemic and forcing governments to impose a global quarantine, entering an extreme unknown situation. The organizational consequences of quarantine/isolation are: absence of organized training and competition, lack of communication among athletes and coaches, inability to move freely, lack of adequate sunlight exposure, inappropriate training conditions. Based on the current scientific, we strongly recommend encouraging the athlete to reset their mindset to understand quarantine as an opportunity for development, organizing appropriate guidance, educating and encourage athletes to apply appropriate preventive behavior and hygiene measures to promote immunity and ensuring good living isolation conditions. The athlete's living space should be equipped with cardio and resistance training equipment (portable bicycle or rowing ergometer). Some forms of body mass resistance circuit-based training could promote aerobic adaptation. Sports skills training should be organized based on the athlete's needs. Personalized conditioning training should be carried out with emphasis on neuromuscular performance. Athletes should also be educated about nutrition (Vitamin D and proteins) and hydration. Strategies should be developed to control body composition. Mental fatigue should be anticipated and mental controlled. Adequate methods of recovery should be provided. Daily monitoring should be established. This is an ideal situation in which to rethink personal life, understanding the situation, that can be promoted in these difficult times that affect practically the whole world."}, {"pmid": 32459603, "title": "Social distancing: how religion, culture and burial ceremony undermine the effort to curb COVID-19 in South Africa.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Jaja, Ishmael Festus", "Anyanwu, Madubuike Umunna", "Iwu Jaja, Chinwe-Juliana"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459603", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518135, "title": "Paediatric treatment trials for COVID-19 are an ethical imperative.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Gwee, Amanda", "Boast, Alison", "Osowicki, Joshua", "Steer, Andrew C", "Coghlan, Simon"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518135", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513550, "title": "Diagnosis of Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection in a Patient Referred for CT Lung Biopsy.", "journal": "J Vasc Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Morris, Michael F", "Goettel, Christopher", "Mendenhall, Cole", "Chen, Steve", "Hirsch, Kevin"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513550", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524712, "title": "Registry of patients with congenital bleeding and COVID-19 in madrid.", "journal": "Haemophilia", "authors": ["Alvarez Roman, M T", "Butta Coll, N", "Garcia Barcenilla, S", "Perez Gonzalez, L", "de la Plaza Collazo, I", "De la Corte Rodriguez, H", "Romero Garrido, J A", "Martin Salces, M", "Rivas Pollmar, M I", "Cebanu, T", "Gonzalez-Zorrilla, E", "Acuna, P", "Monzon Manzano, E", "Merchan, E C", "Trelles Martinez, R", "Blanco Banares, M J", "Gutierrez Alvarino, M", "Jimenez Yuste, V"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524712", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present the first registry of patients with congenital bleeding disorders and COVID-19. The study has been carried out in the Community of Madrid, which has the highest number of cases in Spain. The objective is to understand the incidence of COVID-19, the course of the disease if it occurs and the psychosocial and occupational impact on this population. We included 345 patients (246 of haemophilia, 69 of von Willebrand Disease, 2 rare bleeding disorders and 28 carriers of haemophilia). A telephone survey was used to collect the data. 42 patients presented symptoms suggestive of infection by COVID-19 and in 6 cases the disease was confirmed by RT-PCR. The cumulative incidence of our series was 1.73%. It is worth noting the complexity of the management of COVID-19 in two patients on prophylaxis with non-factor replacement therapy. Adherence to the prescribed treatment was maintained by 95.5% of patients. Although 94% were independent for daily living activities, 42.4% had a recognised disability and 58% required assistance, provided by the Madrid Haemophilia Association (Ashemadrid) in 75%of cases. Only 4.4% of consultations were held in person. Patients with congenital bleeding disorders infected with SARS-CoV-2presented a mild course of the disease that did not require admission. Their identification and treatment by a specialist team from a Haemophilia Treatment Center is essential to make a correct assessment of the risk of haemorrhage/thrombosis.COVID-19 had a major impact on the psychosocial aspects of these patients which must be remedied with recovery plans."}, {"pmid": 32474331, "pmcid": "PMC7247969", "title": "Corticosteroids and the hyper-inflammatory phase of the COVID-19 disease.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Taboada, Manuel", "Caruezo, Valentin", "Naveira, Alberto", "Atanassoff, Peter G"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474331", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479758, "pmcid": "PMC7256507", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Testing - Questions to be asked.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Ozcurumez, Mustafa K", "Ambrosch, Andreas", "Frey, Oliver", "Haselmann, Verena", "Holdenrieder, Stefan", "Kiehntopf, Michael", "Neumaier, Michael", "Walter, Michael", "Wenzel, Folker", "Wolfel, Roman", "Renz, Harald"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479758", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of COVID-19 disease presents a major healthcare challenge of global dimensions. Laboratory diagnostics of infected patients, and the assessment of immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 virus presents a major cornerstone in handling the pandemic. Currently there is an increase in demand of antibody testing and a large number of tests are already marketed or in the late stage of development. However, the interpretation of test results depends on many variables and factors, including sensitivity, specificity, potential cross-reactivity and cross-protectivity; the diagnostic value of antibodies of different isotypes, the use of antibody testing in identification of acutely ill patients or in epidemiological settings. In this article the recently established COVID-19 Task Force of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (DGKL) addresses these issues based on the currently available datasets in this rapidly moving field."}, {"pmid": 32389756, "pmcid": "PMC7205657", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak and cancer patient management: Viewpoint from radio-oncologists.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Zhen, Hongnan", "Zhang, Fuquan", "Guan, Hui", "Liu, Zhikai", "Shen, Jie", "Hou, Xiaorong", "Lian, Xin", "Hu, Ke"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389756", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532725, "title": "Rapid review of COVID-19.", "journal": "Can Fam Physician", "authors": ["Korownyk, Christina", "Allan, G Michael", "Dugre, Nicolas", "Lindblad, Adrienne J", "McCormack, James", "Kolber, Michael R"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532725", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456650, "pmcid": "PMC7250537", "title": "Correction to: Sexual and reproductive health (SRH): a key issue in the emergency response to the coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) outbreak.", "journal": "Reprod Health", "authors": ["Tang, Kun", "Gaoshan, Junjian", "Ahonsi, Babatunde", "Ali, Moazzam", "Bonet, Mercedes", "Broutet, Nathalie", "Kara, Edna", "Kim, Caron", "Thorson, Anna", "Thwin, Soe Soe"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456650", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article."}, {"pmid": 32253325, "pmcid": "PMC7140931", "title": "Journal Flexibility in the Troubling Times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Plant Physiol", "authors": ["Meyers, Blake", "Baxter, Ivan", "Blatt, Mike", "Sweetlove, Lee", "Daniell, Henry", "Lunn, John", "Taylor, Crispin", "Winchester, Nancy"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253325", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281158, "pmcid": "PMC7262164", "title": "The pandemic paradox: The consequences of COVID-19 on domestic violence.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Bradbury-Jones, Caroline", "Isham, Louise"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281158", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444569, "title": "Management of the mother-infant dyad with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in a highly epidemic context.", "journal": "J Neonatal Perinatal Med", "authors": ["Pietrasanta, C", "Pugni, L", "Ronchi, A", "Schena, F", "Davanzo, R", "Gargantini, G", "Ferrazzi, E", "Mosca, F"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444569", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "addresses a number of aspects of the mother-infant dyad management during SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Networking among maternity centers and anticipatory planning is essential to organise the assistance to mothers and neonates in maternity and neonatal wards. Early identification of SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers, before delivery, allows their management through dedicated protocols and minimizes the risk of contagion for other patients and healthcare providers. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be excluded at present, and should be ruled out as soon as possible after birth. Rooming in of infected mothers and neonates, provided their good clinical conditions, is not contraindicated based on current knowledge. The choice of breastfeeding should be carefully discussed with parents based on current, evolving scientific evidence."}, {"pmid": 32237918, "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19: between hope and caution.", "journal": "Clin Toxicol (Phila)", "authors": ["Megarbane, Bruno"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237918", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487704, "title": "Reply to Tognu et al: regional anesthesia for proximal humerus surgery during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Mistry, Tuhin", "Kuppusamy, Elayavendhan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487704", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467087, "title": "Covid-19: The doctors turned YouTubers.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Stokel-Walker, Chris"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467087", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459061, "title": "Changing practice patterns in head and neck oncologic surgery in the early COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Kiong, Kimberley L", "Guo, Theresa", "Yao, Christopher M K L", "Gross, Neil D", "Hanasono, Matthew M", "Ferrarotto, Renata", "Rosenthal, David I", "Myers, Jeffrey N", "Hanna, Ehab Y", "Lai, Stephen Y"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459061", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed health\u2009care, challenged by resource constraints and fears of transmission. We report the surgical practice pattern changes in a Head and Neck Surgery department of a tertiary cancer care center and discuss the issues surrounding multidisciplinary care during the pandemic. We report data regarding outpatient visits, multidisciplinary treatment planning conference, surgical caseload, and modifications of oncologic therapy during this pandemic and compared this data to the same interval last year. We found a 46.7% decrease in outpatient visits and a 46.8% decrease in surgical caseload, compared to 2019. We discuss the factors involved in the decision-making process and perioperative considerations. Surgical practice patterns in head and neck oncologic surgery will continue to change with the evolving pandemic. Despite constraints, we strive to prioritize and balance the oncologic and safety needs of patients with head and neck cancer in the face of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32523133, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 downregulation of ACE2 and pleiotropic effects of ACEIs/ARBs.", "journal": "Hypertens Res", "authors": ["Ciulla, Michele M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523133", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319971, "title": "Anosmia as a prominent symptom of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Rhinology", "authors": ["Heidari, F", "Karimi, E", "Firouzifar, M", "Khamushian, P", "Ansari, R", "Mohammadi Ardehali, M", "Heidari, F"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319971", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "United Kingdom", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "According to WHO recommendations, everyone must protect themselves against Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which will also protect others. Due to the lack of current effective treatment and vaccine for COVID-19, screening, rapid diagnosis and isolation of the patients are essential (1, 2). Therefore, identifying the early symptoms of COVID-19 is of particular importance and is a health system priority. Early studies from COVID-19 outbreak in China have illustrated several non-specific signs and symptoms in infected patients, including fever, dry cough, dyspnea, myalgia, fatigue, lymphopenia, and radiographic evidence of pneumonia (3, 4). Recently, a probability of association between COVID-19 and altered olfactory function has been reported in South Korea, Iran, Italy, France, UK and the United States (5-8). However, to our knowledge, the definite association between COVID-19 and anosmia has not been published."}, {"pmid": 32228732, "pmcid": "PMC7156571", "title": "Epidemiological Characteristics on the Clustering Nature of COVID-19 in Qingdao City, 2020: A Descriptive Analysis.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Jia, Jing", "Hu, Xiaowen", "Yang, Feng", "Song, Xin", "Dong, Liyan", "Zhang, Jingfei", "Jiang, Fachun", "Gao, Ruqin"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228732", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As an emerging infectious disease, COVID-19 has involved many countries and regions. With the further development of the epidemic, the proportion of clusters has increased. In our study, we collected information on COVID-19 clusters in Qingdao City. The epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations were analyzed. Eleven clusters of COVID-19 were reported in Qingdao City between January 29, and February 23, 2020, involving 44 confirmed cases, which accounted for 73.33% of all confirmed cases. From January 19 to February 2, 2020, the cases mainly concentrated in the district that had many designated hospitals. Patients aged 20-59 y old accounted for the largest proportion (68.18%) of cases; the male-to-female sex ratio was 0.52:1. Three cases were infected from exposure to confirmed cases. The average incubation period was 6.28 d. The median number of cases per cluster was 4, and the median duration time was 6 d. The median cumulative number of exposed persons was 53. More attention should be paid to the epidemic of clusters in prevention and control of COVID-19. In addition to isolating patients, it is essential to track, screen, and isolate those who have come in close contact with patients. Self-isolation is the key especially for healthy people in the epidemic area."}, {"pmid": 32302370, "pmcid": "PMC7164638", "title": "Perceptions of the adult US population regarding the novel coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["McFadden, SarahAnn M", "Malik, Amyn A", "Aguolu, Obianuju G", "Willebrand, Kathryn S", "Omer, Saad B"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302370", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is spreading globally. Although COVID-19 has now been declared a pandemic and risk for infection in the United States (US) is currently high, at the time of survey administration the risk of infection in the US was low. It is important to understand the public perception of risk and trust in sources of information to better inform public health messaging. In this study, we surveyed the adult US population to understand their risk perceptions about the COVID-19 outbreak. We used an online platform to survey 718 adults in the US in early February 2020 using a questionnaire that we developed. Our sample was fairly similar to the general adult US population in terms of age, gender, race, ethnicity and education. We found that 69% of the respondents wanted the scientific/public health leadership (either the CDC Director or NIH Director) to lead the US response to COVID-19 outbreak as compared to 14% who wanted the political leadership (either the president or Congress) to lead the response. Risk perception was low (median score of 5 out of 10) with the respondents trusting health professionals and health officials for information on COVID-19. The majority of respondents were in favor of strict infection prevention policies to control the outbreak. Given our results, the public health/scientific leadership should be at the forefront of the COVID-19 response to promote trust."}, {"pmid": 32521411, "title": "Excess mortality during the Covid-19 pandemic: Early evidence from England and Wales.", "journal": "Soc Sci Med", "authors": ["Vandoros, Sotiris"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521411", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has claimed many lives in the UK and globally. The objective of this paper is to study whether the number of deaths not registered as Covid-19-related has increased compared to what would have been expected in the absence of the pandemic. Reasons behind this might include Covid-19 underreporting, avoiding visits to hospitals or GPs, and the effects of the lockdown. I used weekly ONS data on the number of deaths in England and Wales that did not officially involve Covid-19 over the period 2015-2020. Simply observing trends is not sufficient as spikes in deaths may occasionally occur. I thus followed a difference-in-differences econometric approach to study whether there was a relative increase in deaths not registered as Covid-19-related during the pandemic, compared to a control. Results suggest that there were an additional 968 weekly deaths that officially did not involve Covid-19, compared to what would have otherwise been expected. It is possible that some people are dying from Covid-19 without being diagnosed, and/or that there are excess deaths due to other causes as a result of the pandemic. Analysing the cause of death for any excess non-covid-19 deaths will shed light upon the reasons for the increase in such deaths and will help design appropriate policy responses to save lives."}, {"pmid": 32363339, "pmcid": "PMC7194106", "title": "I May Not Have Symptoms, but COVID-19 Is a Huge Headache.", "journal": "Matter", "authors": ["Cranford, Steven W"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363339", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented surprise, to say the least. Academia is rooted in group assemblies - from classroom to conferences - which were promptly cancelled and/or shifted to remote efforts. Here are some perspectives from Professors involved."}, {"pmid": 32169400, "pmcid": "PMC7127395", "title": "Cardiac troponin I in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Evidence from a meta-analysis.", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Lavie, Carl J", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32169400", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334084, "pmcid": "PMC7194665", "title": "Incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and countries affected by malarial infections.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ahmed, Anwar E"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365277, "pmcid": "PMC7267585", "title": "Emerging dermatological symptoms in coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Gupta, Gaurav", "Singh, Yogendra", "Chellappan, Dinesh", "Dua, Kamal"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365277", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445573, "title": "Recommendations for the management of patients with immune-mediated kidney disease during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic.", "journal": "Nephrol Dial Transplant", "authors": ["Anders, Hans-Joachim", "Bruchfeld, Annette", "Fernandez Juarez, Gema Maria", "Floege, Jurgen", "Goumenos, Dimitrios", "Turkmen, Kultigin", "van Kooten, Cees", "Tesar, Vladimir", "Segelmark, Marten"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445573", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created major challenges for all countries around the globe. Retrospective studies have identified hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and older age as risk factors for high morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. There is a general concern that patients with immune-mediated kidney diseases, namely those on immunosuppressive therapies and/or those with more advanced kidney failure, could particularly be at risk for adverse outcomes due to a compromised antiviral immunity. Uncertainties exist on how management routines should be reorganized to minimize the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and what measures are necessary for infected patients. The aim of the present review of the Immunonephrology Working Group of the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association is to provide recommendations for the management of patients with immune-mediated kidney diseases based on the available evidence, similar circumstances with other infectious organisms and expert opinions from across Europe. Such recommendations may help to minimize the risk of encountering COVID-19 or developing complications during COVID-19 in patients with immune-mediated kidney disease."}, {"pmid": 31992886, "title": "This scientist hopes to test coronavirus drugs on animals in locked-down Wuhan.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Cyranoski, David"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31992886", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209163, "pmcid": "PMC7096774", "title": "Serological and molecular findings during SARS-CoV-2 infection: the first case study in Finland, January to February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Haveri, Anu", "Smura, Teemu", "Kuivanen, Suvi", "Osterlund, Pamela", "Hepojoki, Jussi", "Ikonen, Niina", "Pitkapaasi, Marjaana", "Blomqvist, Soile", "Ronkko, Esa", "Kantele, Anu", "Strandin, Tomas", "Kallio-Kokko, Hannimari", "Mannonen, Laura", "Lappalainen, Maija", "Broas, Markku", "Jiang, Miao", "Siira, Lotta", "Salminen, Mika", "Puumalainen, Taneli", "Sane, Jussi", "Melin, Merit", "Vapalahti, Olli", "Savolainen-Kopra, Carita"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209163", "countries": ["China", "Finland"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Finland was confirmed on 29 January 2020. No secondary cases were detected. We describe the clinical picture and laboratory findings 3-23 days since the first symptoms. The SARS-CoV-2/Finland/1/2020 virus strain was isolated, the genome showing a single nucleotide substitution to the reference strain from Wuhan. Neutralising antibody response appeared within 9 days along with specific IgM and IgG response, targeting particularly nucleocapsid and spike proteins."}, {"pmid": 32512491, "title": "COVID-19-related complications and decompression illness share main features.: Could the SARS-CoV2-related complications rely on blood foaming?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Denis, Pierre A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512491", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A study by Saraiva et al. (2011) demonstrated the presence of Angiotensin II receptors on the erythrocyte membrane. This little-known information should be deemed as crucial as the SARS-CoV-2 relationships with oxygen saturation and the Renine Angiotensin System but it currently remains unexploited. The pulmonary and cardiovascular systems are involved in any typical complications of COVID-19 but numerous other unrelated symptoms may occur. To fill the gap, we shall first emphasize some similarities between the complications of this infectious disease and Decompression Illness (DCI), which involves bubble formation. We theorized that the Angiotensin II clearance by the red blood cells could trigger the release of its oxygen content in the bloodstream. The resulting foam would worsen the widespread endotheliitis, worsen the gas exchange, trigger the coagulation process, the inflammation process and the complement pathway as typically occurs in DCI. At the end, we propose a plausible mechanism."}, {"pmid": 32150527, "pmcid": "PMC7258461", "title": "Detection of Novel Coronavirus by RT-PCR in Stool Specimen from Asymptomatic Child, China.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tang, An", "Tong, Zhen-Dong", "Wang, Hong-Ling", "Dai, Ya-Xin", "Li, Ke-Feng", "Liu, Jie-Nan", "Wu, Wen-Jie", "Yuan, Chen", "Yu, Meng-Lu", "Li, Peng", "Yan, Jian-Bo"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32150527", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report an asymptomatic child who was positive for a coronavirus by reverse transcription PCR in a stool specimen 17 days after the last virus exposure. The child was virus positive in stool specimens for at least an additional 9 days. Respiratory tract specimens were negative by reverse transcription PCR."}, {"pmid": 32347974, "pmcid": "PMC7267392", "title": "Metformin and COVID-19: A novel deal of an old drug.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["El-Arabey, Amr Ahmed", "Abdalla, Mohnad"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347974", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447292, "title": "Daring discourse: are we ready to recommend neuraxial anesthesia and peripheral nerve blocks during the COVID-19 pandemic? A pro-con.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Singleton, Michael N", "Soffin, Ellen M"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447292", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent joint statement from the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine (ASRA) and the European Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Therapy (ESRA) recommends neuraxial and peripheral nerve blocks for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) illness. The benefits of regional anesthetic and analgesic techniques on patient outcomes and healthcare systems are evident. Regional techniques are now additionally promoted as a mechanism to reduce aerosolizing procedures. However, caring for patients with COVID-19 illness requires rapid redefinition of risks and benefits-both for patients and practitioners. These should be fully considered within the context of available evidence and expert opinion. In this Daring Discourse, we present two opposing perspectives on adopting the ASRA/ESRA recommendation. Areas of controversy in the literature and opportunities for research to address knowledge gaps are highlighted. We hope this will stimulate dialogue and research into the optimal techniques to improve patient outcomes and ensure practitioner safety during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32356302, "pmcid": "PMC7267570", "title": "Antenatal corticosteroid therapy and COVID-19: Pathophysiological considerations.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Sichitiu, Joanna", "Fakhouri, Fadi", "Desseauve, David"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356302", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408776, "title": "Improving the quality of care in pregnancy and childbirth with coronavirus (COVID-19): a systematic review.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Abdollahpour, Sedigheh", "Khadivzadeh, Talat"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408776", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of serious coronavirus epidemic, it is critical that pregnant women not be ignored potentially life-saving interventions. So, this study was designed to improve the quality of care by health providers through what they need to know about coronavirus during pregnancy and childbirth. We conducted a systematic review of electronic databases was performed for published in English, before 25 March 2020. Finally, 29 papers which had covered the topic more appropriately were included in the study. The results of the systematic review of the existing literature are presented in the following nine sections: Symptoms of the COVID-19 in pregnancy, Pregnancy management, Delivery Management, Mode of delivery, Recommendations for health care provider in delivery, Neonatal outcomes, Neonatal care, Vertical Transmission, Breastfeeding. In conclusion, improving quality of care in maternal health, as well as educating, training, and supporting healthcare providers in infection management to be prioritized. Sharing data can help to countries that to prevent maternal and neonatal morbidity associated with the COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32504018, "title": "Scientists' worlds will shrink in the wake of the pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504018", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319200, "pmcid": "PMC7264611", "title": "Therapeutic uncertainties in people with cardiometabolic diseases and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19).", "journal": "Diabetes Obes Metab", "authors": ["Khunti, Sachin", "Khunti, Nitisha", "Seidu, Samuel", "Khunti, Kamlesh"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319200", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and sent all countries scrambling to review emergency healthcare provisions. There is global evidence of each nation struggling to effectively manage the number of people being diagnosed with the virus. These are testing times which have not been experienced in recent generations and there are a number of insecurities regarding the management of people with COVID-19 and cardiometabolic diseases. This review highlights the current concerns related to COVID-19 and provides advice in terms of the therapeutic uncertainty and potential adverse harms associated with therapy when managing people, particularly those with cardiometabolic diseases, who have contracted or are at increased risk of contracting COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32371041, "pmcid": "PMC7194037", "title": "Cancer care under the outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Yasri, Sora", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371041", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304581, "pmcid": "PMC7264726", "title": "Changes in blood coagulation in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Xiong, Mi", "Liang, Xue", "Wei, You-Dong"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304581", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476011, "title": "Airborne Transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Borak, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476011", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32351873, "pmcid": "PMC7189021", "title": "Will the antimalarial drug take over to combat COVID-19?", "journal": "Z Gesundh Wiss", "authors": ["T K, Sivabakya", "G, Srinivas"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351873", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "China has been fighting the epidemic of pneumonia-like diseases first detected for over a month in the city of Wuhan in December 2019. The disease epidemic is caused by a novel coronavirus, called COVID-19, which has now infected more than 700,000 people worldwide. With a death toll approaching that of China's SARS-CoV outbreak in 2002 and 2003, 2019-nCoV has contributed to an international emergency in public health, placing all health organizations on high alert. Such large numbers of infected and deceased people require an urgent need for reliable, inexpensive, and cheap drugs to control and reduce the outbreak. To systematically review and evaluate the pattern of COVID-19 and the treatment plans. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The articles were searched from databases like PubMed, the Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and the Health Research and Development Information Network (HERDIN) combining MeSH and free-text terms. This analysis highlights the agent of COVID-19 and the possible transmission. The current research taking place to overcome this complex disease and the urgent need to develop improved therapeutics are also discussed. Herein, we present an epidemiological overview of the currently available information on the treatment claimed to have helped to bring the situation under control."}, {"pmid": 32443856, "title": "Electronic Health Information Systems to Improve Disease Diagnosis and Management at Point-of-Care in Low and Middle Income Countries: A Narrative Review.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Khubone, Thokozani", "Tlou, Boikhutso", "Mashamba-Thompson, Tivani Phosa"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443856", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of an electronic health information system (EHIS) is to support health care workers in providing health care services to an individual client and to enable data exchange among service providers. The demand to explore the use of EHIS for diagnosis and management of communicable and non-communicable diseases has increased dramatically due to the volume of patient data and the need to retain patients in care. In addition, the advent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in high disease burdened low and middle income countries (LMICs) has increased the need for robust EHIS to enable efficient surveillance of the pandemic. EHIS has potential to enable efficient delivery of disease diagnostics services at point-of-care (POC) and reduce medical errors. This review provides an overview of literature on EHIS's with a focus on describing the key components of EHIS and presenting evidence on enablers and barriers to implementation of EHISs in LMICs. With guidance from the presented evidence, we proposed EHIS key stakeholders' roles and responsibilities to ensure efficient utility of EHIS for disease diagnosis and management at POC in LMICs."}, {"pmid": 32287038, "pmcid": "PMC7164788", "title": "A Case for Participatory Disease Surveillance of the COVID-19 Pandemic in India.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Garg, Suneela", "Bhatnagar, Nidhi", "Gangadharan, Navya"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287038", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease pandemic requires the deployment of novel surveillance strategies to curtail further spread of the disease in the community. Participatory disease surveillance mechanisms have already been adopted in countries for the current pandemic. India, with scarce resources, good telecom support, and a not-so-robust heath care system, makes a strong case for introducing participatory disease surveillance for the prevention and control of the pandemic. India has just launched Aarogya Setu, which is a first-of-its-kind participatory disease surveillance initiative in India. This will supplement the existing Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme in India by finding missing cases and having faster aggregation, analysis of data, and prompt response measures. This newly created platform empowers communities with the right information and guidance, enabling protection from infection and reducing unnecessary contact with the overburdened health care system. However, caution needs to be exercised to address participation from digitally isolated populations, ensure the reliability of data, and consider ethical concerns such as maintaining individual privacy."}, {"pmid": 32526960, "title": "Immunoinformatics and Structural Analysis for Identification of Immunodominant Epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 as Potential Vaccine Targets.", "journal": "Vaccines (Basel)", "authors": ["Mukherjee, Sumit", "Tworowski, Dmitry", "Detroja, Rajesh", "Mukherjee, Sunanda Biswas", "Frenkel-Morgenstern, Milana"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526960", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new coronavirus infection, COVID-19, has recently emerged, and has caused a global pandemic along with an international public health emergency. Currently, no licensed vaccines are available for COVID-19. The identification of immunodominant epitopes for both B- and T-cells that induce protective responses in the host is crucial for effective vaccine design. Computational prediction of potential epitopes might significantly reduce the time required to screen peptide libraries as part of emergent vaccine design. In our present study, we used an extensive immunoinformatics-based approach to predict conserved immunodominant epitopes from the proteome of SARS-CoV-2. Regions from SARS-CoV-2 protein sequences were defined as immunodominant, based on the following three criteria regarding B- and T-cell epitopes: (i) they were both mapped, (ii) they predicted protective antigens, and (iii) they were completely identical to experimentally validated epitopes of SARS-CoV. Further, structural and molecular docking analyses were performed in order to understand the binding interactions of the identified immunodominant epitopes with human major histocompatibility complexes (MHC). Our study provides a set of potential immunodominant epitopes that could enable the generation of both antibody- and cell-mediated immunity. This could contribute to developing peptide vaccine-based adaptive immunotherapy against SARS-CoV-2 infections and prevent future pandemic outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32425487, "pmcid": "PMC7229967", "title": "[Caring For The Caregiver: The Emotional Impact Of The Coronavirus Epidemic On Nurses And Other Health Professionals].", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Ferran, Mercedes Bueno", "Trigo, Sergio Barrientos"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425487", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The health crisis caused by the Covid-19 virus pandemic has once again highlighted the role of health professionals as a key element for their containment, who suffer from high tension marked by healthcare pressure and the lack of means of protection. Given this tension, it is relevant to analyze the emotional impact on health professionals of the coronavirus pandemic and the coping resources to reduce or mitigate this impact. Stress, sleep disorders and depressive symptoms stand out. Some strategies are recommended that have been used by professionals who have previously been under pressure from COVID-19 and have been helpful to them. Finally, some recommendations whose efficacy is known for managing emotional impact are pointed out."}, {"pmid": 32486469, "title": "COVID-19 Related Coagulopathy: A Distinct Entity?", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Marchandot, Benjamin", "Sattler, Laurent", "Jesel, Laurence", "Matsushita, Kensuke", "Schini-Kerth, Valerie", "Grunebaum, Lelia", "Morel, Olivier"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486469", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted healthcare communities across the globe on an unprecedented scale. Patients have had diverse clinical outcomes, but those developing COVID-19-related coagulopathy have shown a disproportionately worse outcome. This narrative review summarizes current evidence regarding the epidemiology, clinical features, known and presumed pathophysiology-based models, and treatment guidance regarding COVID-19 coagulopathy."}, {"pmid": 32457213, "title": "COVID-19 in Children and the Dynamics of Infection in Families.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Posfay-Barbe, Klara M", "Wagner, Noemie", "Gauthey, Magali", "Moussaoui, Dehlia", "Loevy, Natasha", "Diana, Alessandro", "L'Huillier, Arnaud G"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457213", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389499, "pmcid": "PMC7252014", "title": "Inflamm-aging: Why older men are the most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 complicated outcomes.", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Bonafe, Massimiliano", "Prattichizzo, Francesco", "Giuliani, Angelica", "Storci, Gianluca", "Sabbatinelli, Jacopo", "Olivieri, Fabiola"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389499", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is characterized by a high mortality of elderly men with age-related comorbidities. In most of these patients, uncontrolled local and systemic hyperinflammation induces severe and often lethal outcomes. The aging process is characterized by the gradual development of a chronic subclinical systemic inflammation (inflamm-aging) and by acquired immune system impairment (immune senescence). Here, we advance the hypothesis that four well-recognized features of aging contribute to the disproportionate SARS-CoV-2 mortality suffered by elderly men: i. the presence of subclinical systemic inflammation without overt disease, ii. a blunted acquired immune system and type I interferon response due to the chronic inflammation; iii. the downregulation of ACE2 (i.e. the SARS-CoV-2 receptor); and iv. accelerated biological aging. The high mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection suggests that clarification of the mechanisms of inflamm-aging and immune senescence can help combat not only age-related disorders but also SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32146721, "pmcid": "PMC7228293", "title": "An outbreak of COVID-19 caused by a new coronavirus: what we know so far.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Cheng, Allen C", "Williamson, Deborah A"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32146721", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285293, "pmcid": "PMC7152693", "title": "Searching therapeutic strategy of new coronavirus pneumonia from angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: the target of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Shu-Ren", "Tang, Zi-Jian", "Li, Zai-Han", "Liu, Xuan"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285293", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the infection of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) caused an outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China, and caused great public concern. Both COVID-19 and SARS-CoV belong to the coronavirus family and both invade target cells through ACE2. An in-depth understanding of ACE2 and a series of physiological and physiological changes caused by the virus invading the human body may help to discover and explain the corresponding clinical phenomena and then deal with them timely. In addition, ACE2 is a potential therapeutic target. This article will summarize the role of ACE2 in multiple organ damage caused by COVID-19 and SARS-CoV, targeted blocking drugs against ACE2, and drugs that inhibit inflammation in order to provide the basis for subsequent related research, diagnosis and treatment, and drug development."}, {"pmid": 32501380, "pmcid": "PMC7248624", "title": "Exploring the roles of high-speed train, air and coach services in the spread of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Transp Policy (Oxf)", "authors": ["Zhang, Yahua", "Zhang, Anming", "Wang, Jiaoe"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501380", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To understand the roles of different transport modes in the spread of COVID-19 pandemic across Chinese cities, this paper looks at the factors influencing the number of imported cases from Wuhan and the spread speed and pattern of the pandemic. We find that frequencies of air flights and high-speed train (HST) services out of Wuhan are significantly associated with the number of COVID-19 cases in the destination cities. The presence of an airport or HST station at a city is significantly related to the speed of the pandemic spread, but its link with the total number of confirmed cases is weak. The farther the distance from Wuhan, the lower number of cases in a city and the slower the dissemination of the pandemic. The longitude and latitude coordinates do not have a significant relationship with the number of total cases but can increase the speed of the COVID-19 spread. Specifically, cities in the higher longitudinal region tended to record a COVID-19 case earlier than their counterparties in the west. Cities in the north were more likely to report the first case later than those in the south. The pandemic may emerge in large cities earlier than in small cities as GDP is a factor positively associated with the spread speed."}, {"pmid": 32238614, "pmcid": "PMC7182737", "title": "Measles Immunization: Worth Considering Containment Strategy for SARS-CoV-2 Global Outbreak.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Shanker, Varnit"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238614", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499304, "title": "One world, one pandemic, many guidelines: management of liver diseases during COVID-19.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Bollipo, Steven", "Kapuria, Devika", "Rabiee, Atoosa", "Ben-Yakov, Gil", "Lui, Rashid N", "Lee, Hye Won", "Kumar, Goutham", "Siau, Keith", "Turnes, Juan", "Dhanasekaran, Renumathy"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499304", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427104, "title": "Modeling COVID-19 latent prevalence to assess a public health intervention at a state and regional scale.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Turk, Philip J", "Chou, Shih-Hsiung", "Kowalkowski, Marc A", "Palmer, Pooja P", "Priem, Jennifer S", "Spencer, Melanie D", "Taylor, Yhenneko J", "McWilliams, Andrew D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427104", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergence of COVID-19 caught the world off-guard and unprepared, initiating a global pandemic. In the absence of evidence, individual communities had to take timely action to reduce the rate of disease spread and avoid overburdening their healthcare systems. Although a few predictive models have been published to guide these decisions, most have not taken into account spatial differences and have included assumptions that do not match the local realities. Access to reliable information that is adapted to local context is critical for policymakers to make informed decisions during a rapidly evolving pandemic. The goal of this study was to develop an adapted susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model to predict the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina (NC) and the Charlotte metropolitan region and to incorporate the effect of a public health intervention to reduce disease spread, while accounting for unique regional features and imperfect detection. Using the software package R, three SIR models were fit to infection prevalence data from the state and the greater Charlotte region and then rigorously compared. One of these models (SIR-Int) accounted for a stay-at-home intervention and imperfect detection of COVID-19 cases. We computed longitudinal total estimates of the susceptible, infected, and removed compartments of both populations, along with other pandemic characteristics (e.g., basic reproduction number). Prior to March 26, disease spread was rapid at the pandemic onset with the Charlotte region doubling time of 2.56 days (95% CI: (2.11, 3.25)) and in NC 2.94 days (95% CI: (2.33, 4.00)). Subsequently, disease spread significantly slowed with doubling times increased in the Charlotte region to 4.70 days (95% CI: (3.77, 6.22)) and in NC to 4.01 days (95% CI: (3.43, 4.83)). Reflecting spatial differences, this deceleration favored the greater Charlotte region compared to NC as a whole. A comparison of the efficacy of intervention, defined as 1 - the hazard ratio of infection, gave 0.25 for NC and 0.43 for the Charlotte region. Also, early in the pandemic, the initial basic SIR model had good fit to the data; however, as the pandemic and local conditions evolved, the SIR-Int model emerged as the model with better fit. Using local data and continuous attention to model adaptation, our findings have enabled policymakers, public health officials and health systems to proactively plan capacity and evaluate the impact of a public health intervention. Our SIR-Int model for estimated latent prevalence was reasonably flexible, highly accurate, and demonstrated the efficacy of a stay-at-home order at both the state and regional level. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating local context into pandemic forecast modeling, as well as the need to remain vigilant and informed by the data as we enter into a critical period of the outbreak. "}, {"pmid": 32282026, "title": "Call to action for the cardiovascular side of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Emanueli, Costanza", "Badimon, Lina", "Martelli, Fabio", "Potocnjak, Ines", "Carpusca, Irina", "Robinson, Emma L", "Devaux, Yvan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282026", "topics": ["General Info", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267002, "pmcid": "PMC7262254", "title": "Mask is the possible key for self-isolation in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhou, Zhiguo", "Yue, Dongsheng", "Mu, Chenlu", "Zhang, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267002", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320592, "title": "Audio Interview: Approaches to Covid-19 Vaccines and Antivirals.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320592", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390659, "pmcid": "PMC7206430", "title": "Taking control amidst the chaos: Emotion regulation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vocat Behav", "authors": ["Restubog, Simon Lloyd D", "Ocampo, Anna Carmella G", "Wang, Lu"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390659", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic represents a major global health crisis that continues to threaten public health and safety. Although the pandemic is still unfolding, measures to reduce the spread of the virus have spawned significant challenges to people's current work as well as their careers more generally. In this commentary, we discuss the implications of COVID-19 for maintaining one's psychological well-being and employment security, and also managing family and work responsibilities. We also bring forth evidence from the emotion regulation literature to help mitigate the downstream negative consequences of COVID-19 on people's work lives. Finally, we offer several suggestions for future scholarly investigation into how this pandemic impacts vocational behavior."}, {"pmid": 32187458, "pmcid": "PMC7121177", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Lu, Xiaoxia", "Zhang, Liqiong", "Du, Hui", "Zhang, Jingjing", "Li, Yuan Y", "Qu, Jingyu", "Zhang, Wenxin", "Wang, Youjie", "Bao, Shuangshuang", "Li, Ying", "Wu, Chuansha", "Liu, Hongxiu", "Liu, Di", "Shao, Jianbo", "Peng, Xuehua", "Yang, Yonghong", "Liu, Zhisheng", "Xiang, Yun", "Zhang, Furong", "Silva, Rona M", "Pinkerton, Kent E", "Shen, Kunling", "Xiao, Han", "Xu, Shunqing", "Wong, Gary W K"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187458", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314881, "pmcid": "PMC7184275", "title": "[Strategy of dental clinics to cope with the epidemic period of infectious diseases based on the experience of corona virus disease outbreak].", "journal": "Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hua, Cheng-Ge", "Liu, Zhi-Qing", "Wang, Qing", "Yang, Zheng", "Xu, Qing-Hong", "Zhang, Jing"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314881", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of corona virus disease (COVID-19) has raised concerns among dentists to develop strategies to prevent infection of dental equipment, materials, and patients during an epidemic period. Strategies following the National Laws and Standards of China and local standards of several provinces for controlling cross-infection and instituting protective measures for medical staff in dental clinics during an epidemic period are discussed. A proposal is put forth for dental clinics that will face similar situations in the future. Further research is warranted to address potential problems that will be encountered under such dire circumstances."}, {"pmid": 32284004, "title": "Navigating the Ethics of COVID-19 in Otolaryngology.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Shuman, Andrew G"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284004", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically altered how otolaryngologists contemplate and assume their roles in health care delivery. The ethical implications of this pandemic upon our practice are formidable and distinct from other surgical fields. The salient ethical issues of public health stewardship and safety, distributive justice, and nonabandonment are distilled for the practicing otolaryngologist."}, {"pmid": 32510035, "pmcid": "PMC7195897.2", "title": "Remembering people with dementia during the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "HRB Open Res", "authors": ["O'Shea, Eamon"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510035", "countries": ["Ireland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This letter argues that we need to pay particular attention to people with dementia during this difficult time\u00a0of the COVID-19 pandemic. Social distancing rules and cocooning for people aged 70 years and over are now\u00a0in place in Ireland to slow down the rate of infection and protect vulnerable older people.\u00a0 This letter argues\u00a0that we need, more than ever, to assert the personhood of people with dementia at this difficult time. That means more person-centred care and\u00a0practical support structures for family carers to allow them to continue to care at home in a safe and life-enhancing way. New public broadcasting initiatives\u00a0could create information and communication channels for people with dementia and their carers, as well as\u00a0demonstrating\u00a0empathy and solidarity\u00a0with their predicament. Government, the Department of Health, the HSE and the voluntary sector have risen\u00a0to the challenge of COVID-19 in all sectors of society. So too have ordinary citizens. Now we\u00a0need to unite\u00a0even more to create\u00a0an\u00a0unyielding\u00a0commitment and adherence\u00a0to the principles of \u00a0decency, justice \u00a0and equity in the allocation of scarce\u00a0 health and social care resources.\u00a0By doing this, we will demonstrate\u00a0our caring potential and capacity\u00a0in a way that reflects our shared humanity, not only in the current crisis, but into the future."}, {"pmid": 32433219, "title": "Applying Harm Reduction Principles to Address Screen Time in Young Children Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Dev Behav Pediatr", "authors": ["Vanderloo, Leigh M", "Carsley, Sarah", "Aglipay, Mary", "Cost, Katherine T", "Maguire, Jonathon", "Birken, Catherine S"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433219", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488217, "title": "The QT interval in patients with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Chorin, Ehud", "Dai, Matthew", "Shulman, Eric", "Wadhwani, Lalit", "Bar-Cohen, Roi", "Barbhaiya, Chirag", "Aizer, Anthony", "Holmes, Douglas", "Bernstein, Scott", "Spinelli, Michael", "Park, David S", "Chinitz, Larry A", "Jankelson, Lior"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488217", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444295, "pmcid": "PMC7211592", "title": "Atypical presentation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444295", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422063, "title": "Should Clinicians Use Chloroquine or Hydroxychloroquine Alone or in Combination With Azithromycin for the Prophylaxis or Treatment of COVID-19?", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Qaseem, Amir", "Yost, Jennifer", "Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta, Itziar", "Miller, Matthew C", "Abraham, George M", "Obley, Adam Jacob", "Forciea, Mary Ann", "Jokela, Janet A", "Humphrey, Linda L"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422063", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501455, "pmcid": "PMC7252041", "title": "Down Syndrome and COVID-19: A Perfect Storm?", "journal": "Cell Rep Med", "authors": ["Espinosa, Joaquin M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501455", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "People with Down syndrome show signs of chronic immune dysregulation, including a higher prevalence of autoimmune disorders, increased rates of hospitalization during respiratory viral infections, and higher mortality rates from pneumonia and sepsis. At the molecular and cellular levels, they show markers of chronic autoinflammation, including interferon hyperactivity, elevated levels of many inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and changes in diverse immune cell types reminiscent of inflammatory conditions observed in the general population. However, the impact of this immune dysregulation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and CoV disease of 2019 (COVID-19) remains unknown. This Perspective outlines why individuals with Down syndrome should be considered an at-risk population for severe COVID-19. Specifically, the immune dysregulation caused by trisomy 21 may result in an exacerbated cytokine release syndrome relative to that observed in the euploid population, thus justifying additional monitoring and specialized care for this vulnerable population."}, {"pmid": 32395525, "pmcid": "PMC7210193", "title": "A profiling analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different type of cancers vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Dai, Yu-Jun", "Hu, Fang", "Li, Huan", "Huang, Han-Ying", "Wang, Da-Wei", "Liang, Yang"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395525", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) is now causing a severe public health emergency. The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) infected individuals by binding human angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor. ACE2 is widely expressed in multiple organs including respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive and urinary systems in healthy individuals. These tissues with high expression level of ACE2 seemed to be more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recently, it has been reported that patients with tumors were likely to be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and indicated poor prognosis. The tissue atlas database and the blood atlas were used to analyze the distribution of ACE2 in human tissues or organs of cancers and normal samples. Starbase dataset was applied to predict the prognosis of cancers according to expression level of ACE2. In this study, we demonstrated a landscape profiling analysis on expression level of ACE2 in pan-cancers and showed the risky of different type of cancers to SARS-CoV-2 according to the expression level of ACE2. In addition, we found that ACE2 was both differential expression and related to the prognosis only in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). Relative high expression of ACE2 indicated a favorable prognosis in LIHC, but they might be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. We indeed emphasized that LIHC patients with high expression level of ACE2 should be more cautious of the virus infection. Our study might provide a potential clue for preventing infection of SARS-CoV-2 in cancers."}, {"pmid": 32298018, "pmcid": "PMC7262175", "title": "Head and neck virtual medicine in a pandemic era: Lessons from COVID-19.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Prasad, Aman", "Carey, Ryan M", "Rajasekaran, Karthik"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298018", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has presented the world and physicians with a unique public health challenge. In light of its high transmissibility and large burden on the health care system, many hospitals and practices have opted to cancel elective surgeries in order to mobilize resources, ration personal protective equipment and guard patients from the virus. Head and neck cancer physicians are particularly affected by these changes given their scope of practice, complex patient population, and interventional focus. In this viewpoint, we discuss some of the many challenges faced by head and neck surgeons in this climate. Additionally, we outline the utility of telemedicine as a potential strategy for allowing physicians to maintain an effective continuum of care."}, {"pmid": 32414522, "pmcid": "PMC7211689", "title": "Weakness and elevated creatinine kinase as the initial presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Chan, Kok Hoe", "Farouji, Iyad", "Abu Hanoud, Amany", "Slim, Jihad"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414522", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a global public health emergency with more than one million positive cases across the globe. COVID-19 has a multifaceted presentation. We are herein to report two cases of SARS-CoV-2 induced rhabdomyolysis with an initial presentation of weakness and elevated creatinine kinase (CK). Both patients had no respiratory symptoms, they only complained of generalized weakness and were found to have elevated CK. Routine chest X-ray showed bilateral infiltrates in both cases and subsequently reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 was positive. To the best of our knowledge, there was only one literature to date documented SARS-CoV-2 induced rhabdomyolysis as a late complication of COVID-19 patient. Our cases showed that elevated CK and rhabdomyolysis can be the sole initial presentation of patients with COVID-19 and total CK should be ordered in every patient on admission."}, {"pmid": 32298036, "pmcid": "PMC7262168", "title": "Framework for prioritizing head and neck surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Topf, Michael C", "Shenson, Jared A", "Holsinger, F Christopher", "Wald, Samuel H", "Cianfichi, Lisa J", "Rosenthal, Eben L", "Sunwoo, John B"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298036", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an extraordinary demand on the United States health care system. Many institutions have canceled elective and non-urgent procedures to conserve resources and limit exposure. While operational definitions of elective and urgent categories exist, there is a degree of surgeon judgment in designation. In the present commentary, we provide a framework for prioritizing head and neck surgery during the pandemic. Unique considerations for the head and neck patient are examined including risk to the oncology patient, outcomes following delay in head and neck cancer therapy, and risk of transmission during otolaryngologic surgery. Our case prioritization criteria consist of four categories: urgent-proceed with surgery, less urgent-consider postpone >\u200930\u2009days, less urgent-consider postpone 30 to 90\u2009days, and case-by-case basis. Finally, we discuss our preoperative clinical pathway for transmission mitigation including defining low-risk and high-risk surgery for transmission and role of preoperative COVID-19 testing."}, {"pmid": 32288417, "pmcid": "PMC7137856", "title": "Preliminary Assessment of the COVID-19 Outbreak Using 3-Staged Model e-ISHR.", "journal": "J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci", "authors": ["Li, Sijia", "Song, Kun", "Yang, Boran", "Gao, Yucen", "Gao, Xiaofeng"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288417", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan has aroused widespread concern and attention from all over the world. Many articles have predicted the development of the epidemic. Most of them only use very basic SEIR model without considering the real situation. In this paper, we build a model called e-ISHR model based on SEIR model. Then we add hospital system and time delay system into the original model to simulate the spread of COVID-19 better. Besides, in order to take the government's control and people's awareness into consideration, we change our e-ISHR model into a 3-staged model which effectively shows the impact of these factors on the spread of the disease. By using this e-ISHR model, we fit and predict the number of confirmed cases in Wuhan and China except Hubei. We also change some of parameters in our model. The results indicate the importance of isolation and increasing the number of beds in hospital."}, {"pmid": 32522737, "title": "Use of personal protective equipment against coronavirus disease 2019 by healthcare professionals in Wuhan, China: cross sectional study.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Liu, Min", "Cheng, Shou-Zhen", "Xu, Ke-Wei", "Yang, Yang", "Zhu, Qing-Tang", "Zhang, Hui", "Yang, Da-Ya", "Cheng, Shu-Yuan", "Xiao, Han", "Wang, Ji-Wen", "Yao, He-Rui", "Cong, Yu-Tian", "Zhou, Yu-Qi", "Peng, Sui", "Kuang, Ming", "Hou, Fan-Fan", "Cheng, K K", "Xiao, Hai-Peng"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522737", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine the protective effects of appropriate personal protective equipment for frontline healthcare professionals who provided care for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). Cross sectional study. Four hospitals in Wuhan, China. 420 healthcare professionals (116 doctors and 304 nurses) who were deployed to Wuhan by two affiliated hospitals of Sun Yat-sen University and Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University for 6-8 weeks from 24 January to 7 April 2020. These study participants were provided with appropriate personal protective equipment to deliver healthcare to patients admitted to hospital with covid-19 and were involved in aerosol generating procedures. 77 healthcare professionals with no exposure history to covid-19 and 80 patients who had recovered from covid-19 were recruited to verify the accuracy of antibody testing. Covid-19 related symptoms (fever, cough, and dyspnoea) and evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, defined as a positive test for virus specific nucleic acids in nasopharyngeal swabs, or a positive test for IgM or IgG antibodies in the serum samples. The average age of study participants was 35.8 years and 68.1% (286/420) were women. These study participants worked 4-6 hour shifts for an average of 5.4 days a week; they worked an average of 16.2 hours each week in intensive care units. All 420 study participants had direct contact with patients with covid-19 and performed at least one aerosol generating procedure. During the deployment period in Wuhan, none of the study participants reported covid-19 related symptoms. When the participants returned home, they all tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 specific nucleic acids and IgM or IgG antibodies (95% confidence interval 0.0 to 0.7%). Before a safe and effective vaccine becomes available, healthcare professionals remain susceptible to covid-19. Despite being at high risk of exposure, study participants were appropriately protected and did not contract infection or develop protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Healthcare systems must give priority to the procurement and distribution of personal protective equipment, and provide adequate training to healthcare professionals in its use."}, {"pmid": 32350773, "pmcid": "PMC7189633", "title": "Characterizing the Impact of COVID-19 on Men Who Have Sex with Men Across the United States in April, 2020.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Sanchez, Travis H", "Zlotorzynska, Maria", "Rai, Mona", "Baral, Stefan D"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350773", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is reinforcing health inequities among vulnerable populations, including men who have sex with men (MSM). We conducted a rapid online survey (April 2 to April 13, 2020) of COVID-19 related impacts on the sexual health of 1051 US MSM. Many participants had adverse impacts to general wellbeing, social interactions, money, food, drug use and alcohol consumption. Half had fewer sex partners and most had no change in condom access or use. Some reported challenges in accessing HIV testing, prevention and treatment services. Compared to older MSM, those 15-24\u00a0years were more likely to report economic and service impacts. While additional studies of COVID-19 epidemiology among MSM are needed, there is already evidence of emerging interruptions to HIV-related services. Scalable remote solutions such as telehealth and mailed testing and prevention supplies may be urgently needed to avert increased HIV incidence among MSM during the COVID-19 pandemic era."}, {"pmid": 32496531, "title": "Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Need for a Structurally Competent Health Care System.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Metzl, Jonathan M", "Maybank, Aletha", "De Maio, Fernando"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434596, "title": "The Use of Telepsychiatry During COVID-19 and Beyond.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["O'Brien, M", "McNicholas, F"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434596", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the traditional practice of psychiatric assessment and treatment via face to face interaction. Telepsychiatry, the delivery of psychiatric care remotely through telecommunications technology, is an existing and under-utilised tool that may help to minimise disruption to patient care. Technological advancement is at a stage where it can facilitate widespread use of this practice; however concerns that limited its expansion previously were not unfounded. This article discusses the use of telepsychiatry in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32492200, "title": "Remdesivir and Tocilizumab: Mix or Match.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Akinosoglou, K", "Velissaris, D", "Ziazias, D", "Davoulos, C", "Tousis, A", "Tsiotsios, K", "Kalogeropoulou, C", "Spyridonidis, A", "Marangos, M", "Fligkou, F", "Gogos, C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492200", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, no therapy has demonstrated definite efficacy for patients with COVID-19. Antiviral, as well as, anti-inflammatory approaches, as these represented by remdesivir (RDV) and tocilizumab (TCZ) use, have been recently put forward. However, data upon optimal choice of one over the other, or potential need for regimen combination, remains an open question. We hereby report two well-matched cases of SARS-CoV-2 (+) patients, developing respiratory failure, both receiving TCZ following severe inflammatory response, with or without RDV. We argue that, RDV administration is pivotal early in the course of the disease, since TCZ use alone cannot ensure inflammation control. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32447019, "pmcid": "PMC7242181", "title": "Plans to Reactivate Gastroenterology Practices Following the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey of North American Centers.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Kushnir, Vladimir M", "Berzin, Tyler M", "Elmunzer, B Joseph", "Mendelsohn, Robin B", "Patel, Vaishali", "Pawa, Swati", "Smith, Zachary L", "Keswani, Rajesh N"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447019", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Practices dramatically reduced endoscopy services due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As practices are now considering reintroduction of elective endoscopy, we conducted a survey of North American practices to identify reactivation barriers and strategies. We designed and electronically distributed a web-based survey to North American gastroenterologists consisting of seven domains: institutional demographics, impact of COVID-19 on endoscopy practice, elective endoscopy resumption plans, anesthesia modifications, personal protective equipment (PPE) policies, fellowship training and telemedicine use. Responses were stratified by practice type: ambulatory surgery center (ASC) or hospital-based. In total, 123 practices (55% ASC-based and 45% hospital-based) responded. At the pandemic's peak (as reported by the respondent), practices saw a 90% drop in endoscopy volume with most centers planning to resume elective endoscopy a median of 55 days after initial restrictions. Declining community prevalence of COVID-19, PPE availability, and pre-procedure SARS-CoV-2 testing availability were ranked as the three primary factors influencing reactivation timing. ASC-based practices were more likely to identify pre-procedure testing availability as a major factor limiting elective endoscopy resumption (p=0.001). Pre-procedure SARS-CoV-2 testing was planned by only 49.2% of practices overall; when testing is performed and negative, 52.9% of practices will continue to utilize N95 masks. This survey highlights barriers and variable strategies for reactivation of elective endoscopy services following the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results suggest that more widespread access to pre-procedure SARS-CoV-2 tests with superior performance characteristics is needed to increase provider and patient comfort in proceeding with elective endoscopy."}, {"pmid": 32395600, "pmcid": "PMC7212975", "title": "Periorbital Erythema as a Presenting Sign of Covid-19.", "journal": "JAAD Case Rep", "authors": ["Kalner, Samantha", "Vergilis, Irene J"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395600", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339558, "pmcid": "PMC7194565", "title": "Asymptomatic COVID-19 Infection in a Patient Evaluated for Ureteric Colic: Radiological Findings and Impact on Management.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Pang, Karl H", "Osman, Nadir I"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339558", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278758, "pmcid": "PMC7194579", "title": "A cross-sectional comparison of epidemiological and clinical features of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan and outside Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lei, Ziying", "Cao, Huijuan", "Jie, Yusheng", "Huang, Zhanlian", "Guo, Xiaoyan", "Chen, Junfeng", "Peng, Liang", "Cao, Hong", "Dai, Xiaoling", "Liu, Jing", "Li, Xuejun", "Zhu, Jianyun", "Xu, Wenxiong", "Chen, Dabiao", "Gao, Zhiliang", "He, Jian-Rong", "Lin, Bing-Liang"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278758", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread outside the initial epicenter of Wuhan. We compared cases in Guangzhou and Wuhan to illustrate potential changes in pathogenicity and epidemiological characteristics as the epidemic has progressed. We studied 20 patients admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University in Guangzhou, China from January 22 to February 12, 2020. Data were extracted from medical records. These cases were compared with the 99 cases, previously published in Lancet, from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital from January 1 to January 20, 2020. Guangzhou patients were younger and had better prognosis than Wuhan patients. The Wuhan patients were more likely to be admitted to the ICU (23% vs 5%) and had a higher mortality rate (11% vs 0%). Cases in Guangzhou tended to be more community clustered. Diarrhea and vomiting were more common among Guangzhou patients and SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in feces. Fecal SARA-CoV-2 RNA remained positive when nasopharyngeal swabs turned negative in some patients. This study indicates possible diminishing virulence of the virus in the process of transmission. Yet persistent positive RNA in feces after negative nasopharyngeal swabs suggests a possible prolonged transmission period that challenges current quarantine practices."}, {"pmid": 32283153, "pmcid": "PMC7151466", "title": "Low-dose corticosteroid therapy does not delay viral clearance in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Fang, Xiaowei", "Mei, Qing", "Yang, Tianjun", "Li, Lei", "Wang, Yinzhong", "Tong, Fei", "Geng, Shike", "Pan, Aijun"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283153", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319129, "pmcid": "PMC7264548", "title": "Managing childhood allergies and immunodeficiencies during respiratory virus epidemics - The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic: A statement from the EAACI-section on pediatrics.", "journal": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Brough, Helen A", "Kalayci, Omer", "Sediva, Anna", "Untersmayr, Eva", "Munblit, Daniel", "Rodriguez Del Rio, Pablo", "Vazquez-Ortiz, Marta", "Arasi, Stefania", "Alvaro-Lozano, Montserrat", "Tsabouri, Sophia", "Galli, Elena", "Beken, Burcin", "Eigenmann, Philippe A"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319129", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the world is facing an unprecedented pandemic with COVID-19, patients with chronic diseases need special attention and if warranted adaptation of their regular treatment plan. In children, allergy and asthma are among the most prevalent non-communicable chronic diseases, and healthcare providers taking care of these patients need guidance. At the current stage of knowledge, children have less severe symptoms of COVID-19, and severe asthma and immunodeficiency are classified as risk factors. In addition, there is no evidence that currently available asthma and allergy treatments, including antihistamines, corticosteroids, and bronchodilators, increase the risk of severe disease from COVID-19. Most countries affected by COVID-19 have opted for nationwide confinement, which means that communication with the primary clinician is often performed by telemedicine. Optimal disease control of allergic, asthmatic, and immunodeficient children should be sought according to usual treatment guidelines. This statement of the EAACI Section on Pediatrics puts forward six recommendations for the management of childhood allergies and immunodeficiencies based on six underlying facts and existing evidence."}, {"pmid": 32217547, "title": "Covid-19: Don't forget the impact on US family physicians.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kamerow, Douglas"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217547", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253201, "title": "Breast feeding at the time of COVID-19: do not forget expressed mother's milk, please.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed", "authors": ["Davanzo, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253201", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463206, "title": "Relieving the sensation of suffocation in patients dying with COVID-19.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Kiserud, Yngve", "Rosland, Jan Henrik"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463206", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435870, "pmcid": "PMC7238722", "title": "COVID-19: a primer for healthcare providers.", "journal": "Wien Klin Wochenschr", "authors": ["Bearden, Donna M", "Aiken, Patricia B", "Cheng, Yu Hsin", "Mai, Emily", "Peters, Timothy M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435870", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "According to the World Health Organization (WHO) the China office was first notified of cases of atypical pneumonia in Wuhan City on 31 December 2019. A\u00a0viral genome sequence of a\u00a0novel coronavirus, currently termed SARS-CoV\u20112, with a\u00a0disease process called COVID-19 was released 1 week later via online resources to obtain public health support in control of spread. Since then, the virus rapidly evolved into a\u00a0global pandemic. Therefore, healthcare providers need to be familiar with the clinical presentation of infected patients and measures to quickly isolate them. The prevention of nosocomial spread is paramount to proper control of COVID-19 and is reviewed. Currently, treatment is supportive. Researchers are working to develop vaccines and identify effective antiviral interventions. Those recently discussed in the literature are briefly reviewed."}, {"pmid": 32462412, "pmcid": "PMC7253233", "title": "Acute Symptomatic Seizures in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: Is There an Association?", "journal": "Neurocrit Care", "authors": ["Hepburn, Madihah", "Mullaguri, Naresh", "George, Pravin", "Hantus, Stephen", "Punia, Vineet", "Bhimraj, Adarsh", "Newey, Christopher R"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462412", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a global pandemic. Historically, the group of human coronaviruses can also affect the central nervous system leading to neurological symptoms; however, the causative mechanisms of the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 disease are not well known. Seizures have not been directly reported as a part of COVID-19 outside of patients with previously known brain injury or epilepsy. We report two cases of acute symptomatic seizures, in non-epileptic patients, associated with severe COVID-19 disease. Two advanced-age, non-epileptic, male patients presented to our northeast Ohio-based health system with concern for infection in Mid-March 2020. Both had a history of lung disease and during their hospitalization tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. They developed acute encephalopathy days into their hospitalization with clinical and electrographic seizures. Resolution of seizures was achieved with levetiracetam. Patients with COVID-19 disease are at an elevated risk for seizures, and the mechanism of these seizures is likely multifactorial. Clinical (motor) seizures may not be readily detected in this population due to the expansive utilization of sedatives and paralytics for respiratory optimization strategies. Many of these patients are also not electrographically monitored for seizures due to limited resources, multifactorial risk for acute encephalopathy, and the risk of cross-contamination. Previously, several neurological symptoms were seen in patients with more advanced COVID-19 disease, and these were thought to be secondary to multi-system organ failure and/or disseminated intravascular coagulopathy-related brain injury. However, these patients may also have an advanced breakdown of the blood-brain barrier precipitated by pro-inflammatory cytokine reactions. The neurotropic effect and neuroinvasiveness of\u00a0SARS-Coronavirus-2 have not been directly established. Acute symptomatic seizures are possible in patients with COVID-19 disease. These seizures are likely multifactorial in origin, including cortical irritation due to blood-brain barrier breakdown, precipitated by the cytokine reaction as a part of the viral infection. Patients with clinical signs of seizures or otherwise unexplained encephalopathy may benefit from electroencephalography monitoring and/or empiric anti-epileptic therapy. Further studies are needed to elucidate the risk of seizures and benefit of monitoring in this population."}, {"pmid": 32405989, "pmcid": "PMC7220598", "title": "Cardiovascular disease in the literature: A selection of recent original research papers.", "journal": "J Nucl Cardiol", "authors": ["AlJaroudi, Wael A", "Hage, Fadi G"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405989", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385914, "pmcid": "PMC7273020", "title": "The Path Forward: Academic Neurology Responds to COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Neurol", "authors": ["McArthur, Justin C"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385914", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502759, "pmcid": "PMC7236714", "title": "A modified barrier enclosure to prevent viral aerosol transmission during endotracheal intubation and extubation of patients with coronavirus disease.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kojima, Yuki", "Aoyama, Kanae", "Yamagata, Kazuaki", "Sugimura, Mitsutaka"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502759", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480136, "pmcid": "PMC7205643", "title": "Asymptomatic COVID-19 infection in a child with nasal foreign body.", "journal": "Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Diercks, Gillian R", "Park, Brian J", "Myers, Laura B", "Kwolek, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480136", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While children, particularly infants, are susceptible to severe and critical COVID-19 disease, over 55% of pediatric cases are present in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic children. Aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 viral particles remain viable for up to 3 hours, raising concern about risk to healthcare workers during aerosol generating procedures (APGs) in the airway and nasopharynx. Herein we describe the first case of a nasal foreign body in an asymptomatic child with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We discuss management of this child and highlight the importance of considering asymptomatic infection and preoperative testing when planning procedures of the airway in the COVID-19 era."}, {"pmid": 32273490, "pmcid": "PMC7240240", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Children - What We Know So Far and What We Do Not.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Balasubramanian, S", "Rao, Neha Mohan", "Goenka, Anu", "Roderick, Marion", "Ramanan, Athimalaipet V"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273490", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pediatric coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection is relatively mild when compared to adults, and children are reported to have a better prognosis. Mortality in children appears rare. Clinical features of COVID-19 in children include fever and cough, but a large proportion of infected children appears to be asymptomatic and may contribute to transmission. It remains unclear why children and young adults are less severely affected than older individuals, but this might involve differences in immune system function in the elderly and/or differences in the expression/function of the cellular receptor for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)- Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Laboratory findings and chest imaging may not be specific in children with COVID-19. Diagnosis is by Reverse transcriptase-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing of upper or lower respiratory tract secretions. This review additionally considers COVID-19 in immunosuppressed children, and also suggests a management algorithm for the few children who appear to present with life threatening infection, including the potential use of antiviral and immunomodulatory treatment. The most significant threat to global child health from SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely to be related to COVID 19 in children, but rather the socio-economic consequences of a prolonged pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32292880, "pmcid": "PMC7149076", "title": "Progress and prospect on imaging diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Chin J Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Fan, Li", "Li, Dong", "Xue, Huadan", "Zhang, Longjiang", "Liu, Zaiyi", "Zhang, Bing", "Zhang, Lina", "Yang, Wenjie", "Xie, Baojun", "Duan, Xiaoyi", "Hu, Xiuhua", "Cheng, Kailiang", "Peng, Liqing", "Yu, Nan", "Song, Lan", "Chen, Huai", "Sui, Xin", "Zheng, Nannan", "Liu, Shiyuan", "Jin, Zhengyu"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292880", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has become a public health emergency due to its rapid transmission. The appearance of pneumonia is one of the major clues for the diagnosis, progress and therapeutic evaluation. More and more literatures about imaging manifestations and related research have been reported. In order to know about the progress and prospective on imaging of COVID-19, this review focus on interpreting the CT findings, stating the potential pathological basis, proposing the challenge of patients with underlying diseases, differentiating with other diseases and suggesting the future research and clinical directions, which would be helpful for the radiologists in the clinical practice and research."}, {"pmid": 32528711, "pmcid": "PMC7276792", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and shortage of personal protective equipment in Tokyo clinics.", "journal": "Acute Med Surg", "authors": ["Inaba, Mototaka", "Naito, Hiromichi", "Sakata, Taizo", "Nakao, Atsunori"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528711", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483497, "pmcid": "PMC7253081", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Case Report.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Craen, Alexandra", "Logan, Gideon", "Ganti, Latha"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483497", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease\u00a02019 (COVID-19) has had a profound impact on\u00a0healthcare systems around the world. The emergency department (ED) in particular has become the frontline for the identification and care of these patients. While its effects on respiratory symptoms are well recognized, neurologic manifestations have been rarer. We report the case of a patient who presented in cardiac arrest with the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The patient was found to have subarachnoid hemorrhage and later tested positive for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32112977, "pmcid": "PMC7105032", "title": "World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Sohrabi, Catrin", "Alsafi, Zaid", "O'Neill, Niamh", "Khan, Mehdi", "Kerwan, Ahmed", "Al-Jabir, Ahmed", "Iosifidis, Christos", "Agha, Riaz"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112977", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An unprecedented outbreak of pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December 2019. A novel coronavirus was identified as the causative agent and was subsequently termed COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Considered a relative of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 is caused by a betacoronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 that affects the lower respiratory tract and manifests as pneumonia in humans. Despite rigorous global containment and quarantine efforts, the incidence of COVID-19 continues to rise, with 90,870 laboratory-confirmed cases and over 3,000 deaths worldwide. In response to this global outbreak, we summarise the current state of knowledge surrounding COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32531421, "pmcid": "PMC7283070", "title": "Reflection on SARS-CoV-2 infection of container ship seafarers.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Dai, Qi", "Hu, Supei", "Yan, Kun", "Chen, Zhang", "Chen, Bin", "Cai, Ting", "Zhang, Shun", "Zhang, Jingfeng", "Zheng, Jianjun"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531421", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525856, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Emergency Department Visits - United States, January 1, 2019-May 30, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Hartnett, Kathleen P", "Kite-Powell, Aaron", "DeVies, Jourdan", "Coletta, Michael A", "Boehmer, Tegan K", "Adjemian, Jennifer", "Gundlapalli, Adi V"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525856", "countries": ["United States", "Austria", "China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 13, 2020, the United States declared a national emergency to combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As the number of persons hospitalized with COVID-19 increased, early reports from Austria (1), Hong Kong (2), Italy (3), and California (4) suggested sharp drops in the numbers of persons seeking emergency medical care for other reasons. To quantify the effect of COVID-19 on U.S. emergency department (ED) visits, CDC compared the volume of ED visits during four weeks early in the pandemic March 29-April 25, 2020 (weeks 14 to 17; the early pandemic period) to that during March 31-April 27, 2019 (the comparison period). During the early pandemic period, the total number of U.S. ED visits was 42% lower than during the same period a year earlier, with the largest declines in visits in persons aged \u226414 years, females, and the Northeast region. Health messages that reinforce the importance of immediately seeking care for symptoms of serious conditions, such as myocardial infarction, are needed. To minimize SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, transmission risk and address public concerns about visiting the ED during the pandemic, CDC recommends continued use of virtual visits and triage help lines and adherence to CDC infection control guidance."}, {"pmid": 32454398, "pmcid": "PMC7194046", "title": "STEMI during the COVID-19 Pandemic - An Evaluation of Incidence.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Pathol", "authors": ["Zitelny, Edan", "Newman, Noah", "Zhao, David"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454398", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed the practice medicine on a global scale during the year 2020. With fewer patients presenting to hospitals with the diagnosis of STEMI, healthcare workers are wondering what is causing this decline. This piece presents data from two medical centers and addresses several possible causes to explain this phenomenon. It was found that there was a statistically significant decrease from January to March 2020 in number of presenting STEMI diagnoses."}, {"pmid": 32444412, "pmcid": "PMC7243395", "title": "A Fully Automatic Deep Learning System for COVID-19 Diagnostic and Prognostic Analysis.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Wang, Shuo", "Zha, Yunfei", "Li, Weimin", "Wu, Qingxia", "Li, Xiaohu", "Niu, Meng", "Wang, Meiyun", "Qiu, Xiaoming", "Li, Hongjun", "Yu, He", "Gong, Wei", "Bai, Yan", "Li, Li", "Zhu, Yongbei", "Wang, Liusu", "Tian, Jie"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444412", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally, and medical resources become insufficient in many regions. Fast diagnosis of COVID-19, and finding high-risk patients with worse prognosis for early prevention and medical resources optimisation is important. Here, we proposed a fully automatic deep learning system for COVID-19 diagnostic and prognostic analysis by routinely used computed tomography.We retrospectively collected 5372 patients with computed tomography images from 7 cities or provinces. Firstly, 4106 patients with computed tomography images were used to pre-train the DL system, making it learn lung features. Afterwards, 1266 patients (924 with COVID-19, and 471 had follow-up for 5+ days; 342 with other pneumonia) from 6 cities or provinces were enrolled to train and externally validate the performance of the deep learning system.In the 4 external validation sets, the deep learning system achieved good performance in identifying COVID-19 from other pneumonia (AUC=0.87 and 0.88) and viral pneumonia (AUC=0.86). Moreover, the deep learning system succeeded to stratify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups whose hospital-stay time have significant difference (p=0.013 and 0.014). Without human-assistance, the deep learning system automatically focused on abnormal areas that showed consistent characteristics with reported radiological findings.Deep learning provides a convenient tool for fast screening COVID-19 and finding potential high-risk patients, which may be helpful for medical resource optimisation and early prevention before patients show severe symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32531541, "pmcid": "PMC7261099", "title": "Are individuals with cardiovascular disease at risk of COVID-19-related mental health problems or individuals with cardiovascular disease at risk of cardiovascular disease-related mental health problems during COVID-19? A psychological-psychiatric perspective.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Mukhtar, Sonia"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531541", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282359, "pmcid": "PMC7253039", "title": "Rehabilitation After Critical Illness in People With COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Simpson, Robert", "Robinson, Larry"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282359", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic will place enormous pressure on healthcare systems around the world. Large numbers of people are predicted to become critically ill with acute respiratory distress syndrome and will require management in intensive care units. High levels of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial impairments can be anticipated. Rehabilitation providers will serve as an important link in the continuum of care, helping move patients on from acute sites to eventual discharge to the community. Likely impairment patterns, considerations for healthcare practitioner resilience, and organization of services to meet demand are discussed. Innovative approaches to care, such as virtual rehabilitation, are likely to become common in this environment."}, {"pmid": 32224295, "pmcid": "PMC7270835", "title": "The COVID-19 response must be disability inclusive.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Armitage, Richard", "Nellums, Laura B"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224295", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245769, "title": "Managing clinical trials for covid-19: the importance of ethics committees.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Luo, Qiankun", "Qin, Tao"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245769", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474131, "title": "Reply.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Nyenhuis, Sharmilee M", "Greiwe, Justin", "Zeiger, Joanna S", "Nanda, Anil", "Cooke, Andrew"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474131", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362004, "pmcid": "PMC7267174", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and cardiac surgeon-Are we on the back foot?", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Khanna, Sudhansoo"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362004", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425703, "pmcid": "PMC7229957", "title": "NCI's Work to Advance Cancer Research while Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Cancer Cell", "authors": ["Singer, Dinah S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425703", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) is bringing to bear its considerable expertise and capabilities to understand, treat, and prevent the disease. While responding to the pandemic, NCI's priority remains the advancement of cancer research. NCI has implemented many flexibilities for grantees and trainees."}, {"pmid": 32434776, "pmcid": "PMC7246107", "title": "Legal preparedness as part of COVID-19 response: the first 100 days in Taiwan.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Lee, Tsung-Ling"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434776", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281268, "pmcid": "PMC7205832", "title": "G6PD and chloroquine: Selecting the treatment against SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "J Cell Mol Med", "authors": ["Kassi, Eva N", "Papavassiliou, Kostas A", "Papavassiliou, Athanasios G"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281268", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459663, "title": "COVID-19, microangiopathy, hemostatic activation, and complement.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Song, Wen-Chao", "FitzGerald, Garret A"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459663", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In COVID-19, complement activation may contribute to hemostatic activation leading to pathological features such as microvascular injury and coagulopathy."}, {"pmid": 32297723, "title": "COVID-2019: update on epidemiology, disease spread and management.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Mishra, Ajay Kumar", "Lal, Amos"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297723", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With each passing day, more cases of Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) are being detected and unfortunately the fear of novel corona virus 2019 (2019-nCoV) becoming a pandemic disease has come true. Constant efforts at individual, national, and international level are being made in order to understand the genomics, hosts, modes of transmission and epidemiological link of nCoV-2019. As of now, whole genome sequence of the newly discovered coronavirus has already been decoded. Genomic characterization nCoV-2019 have shown close homology with bat-derived severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronaviruses, bat-SL-CoVZC45 and bat-SL-CoVZXC21. Structural analysis of the receptor binding site has confirmed that 2019-nCoV binds with the same ACE 2 receptor protein as human SARS virus. Compared to the previous coronavirus outbreaks, the overall mortality rate is relatively low for COVID-2019 (2-3%). Suspected cases must be quarantined till their test comes positive or they clear infection. At present, treatment of COVID-2019 is mostly based on the knowledge gained from the SARS and MERS outbreaks. Remdesivir, originally develop as a treatment for Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus infections, is being studied for it effectiveness against 2019-nCoV infection. Many other antiviral agents and vaccines are being tested but most of them are in phase I or II and hence unlikely to be of any benefit immediately with regards to current outbreak. Hence, the standard infection control techniques and preventive steps for healthy individuals and supportive care for the confirmed cases is the best available strategy to deal with current viral outbreak.\u2003."}, {"pmid": 32346469, "pmcid": "PMC7176478", "title": "Limiting spread of COVID-19 in an orthopaedic department-a perspective from Spain.", "journal": "J Surg Case Rep", "authors": ["Gomez-Barrena, Enrique", "Rubio-Suarez, Juan C", "Fernandez-Baillo, Nicomedes", "Antuna, Samuel", "Cruz-Pardos, Ana", "Blanco, Manuel", "Ortiz-Cruz, Eduardo", "Gonzalez-Moran, Gaspar", "Gil-Garay, Enrique"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346469", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Besides national and international recommendations, orthopaedic departments face significant changes in daily activity and serious issues to maintain their standards in musculoskeletal care during the pandemic Covid-19 crisis that we are facing. This report retrospectively addresses measures that were progressively put in place to modify in a week time the activity of a busy orthopaedic department in a large tertiary university hospital in face of the pandemic. Surgical priorities and surgical outcomes are key aspects to consider. The experience may offer some insight to areas where the spread of the disease may be slower or delayed. Abrupt stop of scheduled surgery and clinics is useful to adapt an orthopaedic department to the overall hospital resource reorganization. Orthopaedic surgeons need to be aware of the risks to patients and personnel in view of underdiagnosed cases, which make pre-operative Covid-19 evaluation mandatory for all surgical cases."}, {"pmid": 32498135, "title": "Older age and comorbidity are independent mortality predictors in a large cohort of 1305 COVID-19 patients in Michigan, United States.", "journal": "J Intern Med", "authors": ["Imam, Zaid", "Odish, Fadi", "Gill, Inayat", "O'Connor, Daniel", "Armstrong, Justin", "Vanood, Aimen", "Ibironke, Oluwatoyin", "Hanna, Angy", "Ranski, Alexandra", "Halalau, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498135", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Higher comorbidity and older age have been reported as correlates of poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients worldwide, however US data is scarce. We evaluated mortality predictors of COVID-19 in a large cohort of hospitalized patients in the US. Retrospective, multicenter cohort of inpatients diagnosed with COVID-19 by RT-PCR from March 1-April 1,2020 was performed, and outcome data evaluated from March 1-April 17, 2020. Measures included demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentation, laboratory values, and imaging on admission. Primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, time to death, and development of acute kidney injury in the first 48-hours. 1305 patients were hospitalized during the evaluation period. Mean age was 61.0\u00b116.3, 53.8% were male and 66.1% African-American. Mean BMI was 33.2\u00b18.8 kg/m2. Median Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was 2 (1-4), 72.6% of patients had at least one comorbidity, with hypertension (56.2%) and diabetes mellitus (30.1%) being the most prevalent. ACE-I/ARB use and NSAIDs use were widely prevalent (43.3% and 35.7% respectively). Mortality occurred in 200 (15.3%) of patients with median time of 10 (6-14) days. Age >60 (aOR:1.93,95% CI:1.26-2.94), and CCI>3 (aOR:2.71,95% CI:1.85-3.97) were independently associated with mortality by multivariate analyses. NSAIDs and ACE-I/ARB use had no significant effects on renal failure in the first 48 hours. Advanced age and an increasing number of comorbidities are independent predictors of in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 patients. NSAIDs and ACE-I/ARB use prior to admission is not associated with renal failure or increased mortality."}, {"pmid": 32427410, "title": "Head and neck oncologic surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic: Our experience in a deep south tertiary care center.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Morrison, Daniel R", "Gentile, Christopher", "McCammon, Susan", "Buczek, Erin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427410", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing worldwide pandemic due to COVID-19 has forced drastic changes on the daily lives of the global population. This is most notable within the health care sector. The current paper outlines the response of the head and neck oncologic surgery (HNS) division within our academic otolaryngology department in the state of Alabama. Data with regard to case numbers and types were obtained during the pandemic and compared with time matched data. Our overall approach to managing previously scheduled and new cases, personal protective equipment (PPE) utilization, outpatient clinic, and resident involvement is summarized. Our HNS division saw a 55% reduction in surgical volume during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. We feel that an early and cohesive strategy to triaging surgical cases, PPE usage, and minimizing exposure of personnel is essential to providing care for HNS patients during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32417376, "pmcid": "PMC7224656", "title": "The Impact of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic and Italian Lockdown Measures on Clinical Presentation and Management of Acute Heart Failure.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Colivicchi, Furio", "Di Fusco, Stefania Angela", "Magnanti, Massimo", "Cipriani, Manlio", "Imperoli, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417376", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435824, "pmcid": "PMC7237798", "title": "Simplified immune-dysregulation index: a novel marker predicts 28-day mortality of intensive care patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Chen, Hui", "Wang, Jun", "Su, Nan", "Bao, Xiebing", "Li, Yongsheng", "Jin, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435824", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32156607, "pmcid": "PMC7094385", "title": "Positive rate of RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 4880 cases from one hospital in Wuhan, China, from Jan to Feb 2020.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Liu, Rui", "Han, Huan", "Liu, Fang", "Lv, Zhihua", "Wu, Kailang", "Liu, Yingle", "Feng, Yong", "Zhu, Chengliang"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156607", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There's an outbreak of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection since December 2019, first in China, and currently with more than 80 thousand confirmed infection globally in 29 countries till March 2, 2020. Identification, isolation and caring for patients early are essential to limit human-to-human transmission including reducing secondary infections among close contacts and health care workers, preventing transmission amplification events. The RT-PCR detection of viral nucleic acid test (NAT) was one of the most quickly established laboratory diagnosis method in a novel viral pandemic, just as in this COVID-19 outbreak. 4880 cases that had respiratory infection symptoms or close contact with COVID-19 patients in hospital in Wuhan, China, were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection by use of quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) on samples from the respiratory tract. Positive rates were calculated in groups divided by genders or ages. The positive rate was about 38% for the total 4880 specimens. Male and older population had a significant higher positive rates. However, 57% was positive among the specimens from the Fever Clinics. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that age, not gender, was the risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection in fever clinics. Therefore, we concluded that viral NAT played an important role in identifying SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32520750, "title": "The Role of Medical Student Government in Responding to COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Schuiteman, Sam", "Ibrahim, Nadine I", "Hammoud, Ali", "Kruger, Laura", "Mangrulkar, Rajesh S", "Daniel, Michelle"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520750", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has sown clinical and administrative chaos at academic health centers throughout the country. As COVID-19-related burdens on the health care system and medical schools piled up, questions from medical students far outweighed the capacity of medical school administrators to respond in an adequate or timely manner, leaving students feeling confused and without clear guidance. In this Perspective, incoming and outgoing executive leaders of the University of Michigan Medical School Student Council and medical school deans outline the specific ways they were able to bridge the gap between medical students and administrators in a time of crisis. To illustrate the value of student government during uncertain times, the authors identify the most pressing problems faced by students at each phase of the curriculum-preclerkship, clerkship, and postclerkship-and explain how Student Council leadership partnered with administrators to find creative solutions to these problems and provide guidance to learners. They end by reflecting on the role of student government more broadly, identifying 3 guiding principles of student leadership and how these principles enable effective student representation."}, {"pmid": 32379016, "pmcid": "PMC7251282", "title": "Incorporating Issues of Elderly Loneliness into the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Public Health Response.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Patel, Sonny S", "Clark-Ginsberg, Aaron"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379016", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the systems that people depend on are increasingly strained by the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, public health impacts are manifesting in different ways beyond morbidity and mortality for elderly populations. Loneliness is already a chief public health concern that is being made worse by COVID-19. Agencies should recognize the prevalence of loneliness among elderly populations and the impacts that their interventions have on loneliness. This letter describes several ways that loneliness can be addressed to build resilience for elderly populations as part of the public health response to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32388330, "pmcid": "PMC7198998", "title": "Interactions between antihyperglycemic drugs and the renin-angiotensin system: Putative roles in COVID-19. A mini-review.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Nakhleh, Afif", "Shehadeh, Naim"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388330", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes mellitus is associated with a more severe course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilizes angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor for host cell entry. We aimed to assess the interactions between antihyperglycemic drugs and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and their putative roles in COVID-19. A literature search was performed using Pubmed to review the interrelationships between hyperglycemia, RAS and COVID-19, and the effects of antihyperglycemic medications. The RAS has an essential role in glucose homeostasis and may have a role in COVID-19-induced lung injury. Some antihyperglycemic medications modulate RAS and might hypothetically alleviate the deleterious effect of angiotensin II on lung injury. Furthermore, most antihyperglycemic medications showed anti-inflammatory effects in animal models of lung injury. Some antihyperglycemic medications might have protective effects against COVID-19-induced lung injury. Early insulin therapy seems very promising in alleviating lung injury."}, {"pmid": 32458111, "pmcid": "PMC7250589", "title": "Angiopoietin-2 as a marker of endothelial activation is a good predictor factor for intensive care unit admission of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Angiogenesis", "authors": ["Smadja, David M", "Guerin, Coralie L", "Chocron, Richard", "Yatim, Nader", "Boussier, Jeremy", "Gendron, Nicolas", "Khider, Lina", "Hadjadj, Jerome", "Goudot, Guillaume", "Debuc, Benjamin", "Juvin, Philippe", "Hauw-Berlemont, Caroline", "Augy, Jean-Loup", "Peron, Nicolas", "Messas, Emmanuel", "Planquette, Benjamin", "Sanchez, Olivier", "Charbit, Bruno", "Gaussem, Pascale", "Duffy, Darragh", "Terrier, Benjamin", "Mirault, Tristan", "Diehl, Jean-Luc"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458111", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory disease has been associated with ischemic complications, coagulation disorders, and an endotheliitis. To explore endothelial damage and activation-related biomarkers in COVID-19 patients with criteria of hospitalization for referral to intensive care unit (ICU) and/or respiratory worsening. Analysis of endothelial and angiogenic soluble markers in plasma from patients at admission. Study enrolled 40 consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to emergency department that fulfilled criteria for hospitalization. Half of them were admitted in conventional wards without any ICU transfer during hospitalization; whereas the 20 others were directly transferred to ICU. Patients transferred in ICU were more likely to have lymphopenia, decreased SpO2 and increased D-dimer, CRP and creatinine levels. In those patients, soluble E-selectin and angiopoietin-2 were significantly increased (p value at 0.009 and 0.003, respectively). Increase in SELE gene expression (gene coding for E-selectin protein) was confirmed in an independent cohort of 32 patients using a whole blood gene expression profile analysis. In plasma, we found a strong association between angiopoetin-2 and CRP, creatinine and D-dimers (with p value at 0.001, 0.001 and 0.003, respectively). ROC curve analysis identified an Angiopoietin-2 cut-off of 5000\u00a0pg/mL as the best predictor for ICU outcome (Se\u2009=\u200980.1%, Sp\u2009=\u200970%, PPV\u2009=\u200972.7%, NPV\u2009=\u200977%), further confirmed in multivariate analysis after adjustment for creatinine, CRP or D-dimers. Angiopoietin-2 is a relevant predictive factor for ICU direct admission in COVID-19 patients. This result showing an endothelial activation reinforces the hypothesis of a COVID-19-associated microvascular dysfunction."}, {"pmid": 32416976, "pmcid": "PMC7205663", "title": "Re: Kristian D. Stensland, Todd M. Morgan, Alireza Moinzadeh, et al. Considerations in the Triage of Urologic Surgeries During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.027: The Forgotten Urological Patient During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Patient Safety Safeguards.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Tan, Yi Quan", "Lu, Jirong", "Chiong, Edmund"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416976", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523933, "pmcid": "PMC7279906", "title": "Diaphragmatic Rupture and Gastric Perforation in a Patient with COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Poggiali, Erika", "Vercelli, Andrea", "Demichele, Elena", "Ioannilli, Eva", "Magnacavallo, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523933", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the case of a young female patient admitted to our emergency department during the Italian COVID-19 epidemic, for fever and dry cough associated with symptoms of gastric reflux over the previous 5 days. Lung ultrasound showed diffuse bilateral B lines with irregular pleural thickening, and consolidation with air bronchogram and slight pleural effusion in the lower left lobe. Chest HRCT and abdominal CT scanning with contrast revealed diaphragmatic rupture with gastric perforation, and atelectasis of the left pulmonary lobe with unilateral pleural effusion, diffuse ground-glass opacities and multiple small consolidations in both lobes. A nasopharyngeal swab for 2019-nCoV was positive. A diagnosis of diaphragmatic rupture and gastric perforation in COVID-19 pneumonia was made. The patient was immediately hospitalized and surgically treated. Treatment for COVID-19 and empiric antibiotic therapy were promptly started. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can cause fever, dry cough and acute respiratory failure.Cough can result in several complications, including rupture of the diaphragm and abdominal herniation.CT scanning is the gold standard technique to investigate COVID-19 pneumonia and diaphragmatic rupture."}, {"pmid": 32303704, "title": "The race against COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Nanotechnol", "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303704", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318706, "pmcid": "PMC7188128", "title": "Multicenter initial guidance on use of antivirals for children with COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Chiotos, Kathleen", "Hayes, Molly", "Kimberlin, David W", "Jones, Sarah B", "James, Scott H", "Pinninti, Swetha G", "Yarbrough, April", "Abzug, Mark J", "MacBrayne, Christine E", "Soma, Vijaya L", "Dulek, Daniel E", "Vora, Surabhi B", "Waghmare, Alpana", "Wolf, Joshua", "Olivero, Rosemary", "Grapentine, Steven", "Wattier, Rachel L", "Bio, Laura", "Cross, Shane J", "Dillman, Nicholas O", "Downes, Kevin J", "Timberlake, Kathryn", "Young, Jennifer", "Orscheln, Rachel C", "Tamma, Pranita D", "Schwenk, Hayden T", "Zachariah, Philip", "Aldrich, Margaret", "Goldman, David L", "Groves, Helen E", "Lamb, Gabriella S", "Tribble, Alison C", "Hersh, Adam L", "Thorell, Emily A", "Denison, Mark R", "Ratner, Adam J", "Newland, Jason G", "Nakamura, Mari M"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318706", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mild in nearly all children, a small proportion of pediatric patients develops severe or critical illness. Guidance is therefore needed regarding use of agents with potential activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in pediatrics. A panel of pediatric infectious diseases physicians and pharmacists from 18 geographically diverse North American institutions was convened. Through a series of teleconferences and web-based surveys, a set of guidance statements was developed and refined based on review of best available evidence and expert opinion. Given the typically mild course of pediatric COVID-19, supportive care alone is suggested for the overwhelming majority of cases. The panel suggests a decision-making framework for antiviral therapy that weighs risks and benefits based on disease severity as indicated by respiratory support needs, with consideration on a case-by-case basis of potential pediatric risk factors for disease progression. If an antiviral is used, the panel suggests remdesivir as the preferred agent. Hydroxychloroquine could be considered for patients who are not candidates for remdesivir or when remdesivir is not available. Antivirals should preferably be used as part of a clinical trial if available. Antiviral therapy for COVID-19 is not necessary for the great majority of pediatric patients. For those rare children who develop severe or critical disease, this guidance offer an approach for decision-making regarding antivirals, informed by available data. As evidence continues to evolve rapidly, the need for updates to the guidance is anticipated."}, {"pmid": 32232520, "pmcid": "PMC7105959", "title": "Facing a disruptive threat: how can a nuclear medicine service be prepared for the coronavirus outbreak 2020?", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Lam, Winnie Wing-Chuen", "Loke, Kelvin Siu-Hoong", "Wong, Wai Yin", "Ng, David Chee-Eng"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232520", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this short communication is to outline our experience in policies and processes of a nuclear medicine service during the COVID-19 outbreak in Singapore. We describe the key considerations of policies and processes that have been implemented in our nuclear medicine service since the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Singapore General Hospital on 23 January 2020, up to the present time. Infection control, screening of patients and visitors, segregation of risk groups, segregation of staff and service continuity plans, communication and staff welfare, using electronic platforms for multi-disciplinary meetings and tele-reporting are discussed. Since our hospital received the first patient with COVID-19 in Singapore, our centre has managed 16 COVID-19 cases to date. There has not been any healthcare worker in our institution who has contracted COVID-19 through patient contact. We have highlighted for discussion some of the policies and processes to prepare a nuclear medicine service for the COVID-19 threat."}, {"pmid": 32112857, "pmcid": "PMC7128549", "title": "COVID-19: Zoonotic aspects.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ahmad, Tauseef", "Khan, Muhammad", "Haroon", "Musa, Taha Hussein", "Nasir, Saima", "Hui, Jin", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112857", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289235, "pmcid": "PMC7258637", "title": "Improved Prognosis in Cystic Fibrosis: Consideration for Intensive Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Ramos, Kathleen J", "Pilewski, Joseph M", "Faro, Albert", "Marshall, Bruce C"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289235", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322993, "pmcid": "PMC7176030", "title": "The emergence of SARS, MERS and novel SARS-2 coronaviruses in the 21st century.", "journal": "Arch Virol", "authors": ["da Costa, Vivaldo Gomes", "Moreli, Marcos Lazaro", "Saivish, Marielena Vogel"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322993", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the beginning of the 21st century, a new deadly infectious disease known as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was recognized as a global public health threat. Subsequently, ten years after the initial SARS cases occurred in 2002, new cases of another atypical respiratory disease caused worldwide concern. This disease became known as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and was even more lethal than SARS. Currently, history has repeated itself with the emergence of a new Chinese epidemic at the end of 2019. For this respiratory disease, called COVID-19, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the etiologic agent. In sum, SARS, MERS and COVID-19 are caused by recently discovered coronaviruses that cause flu-like illnesses, but with a clinical outcome that tends to be more severe. As a result of the current importance of coronaviruses in global public health, we conducted a review to summarize and update, above all, the epidemiological historical aspects of the three major diseases in humans caused by coronaviral infection."}, {"pmid": 32221003, "title": "Ensuring animal welfare during Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Aitken, Maureen M"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221003", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489804, "pmcid": "PMC7218761", "title": "World Heart Federation Briefing on Prevention: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Low-Income Countries.", "journal": "Glob Heart", "authors": ["Thienemann, Friedrich", "Pinto, Fausto", "Grobbee, Diederick E", "Boehm, Michael", "Bazargani, Nooshin", "Ge, Junbo", "Sliwa, Karen"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489804", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the novel coronavirus Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak started in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei province in China. Since then it has spread to many other regions, including low-income countries."}, {"pmid": 32388934, "title": "[Scenario-based study of medical resource requirement rapid assessment under the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, T", "Wu, H T", "Wang, L H", "Yang, W Z"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388934", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: COVID-19 outbreak is still under global pandemic. China is facing the risks of importation and local rebound of COVID-19. Under the circumstances, preparations for medical resources are in urgently needed. Methods: Based on current understanding of the disease, we set up five scenarios and use the infectious disease transmission dynamic and pandemic theoretical static models to evaluate the demand for medical resources. Results: Different epidemic strength and strategies of disease control and prevention resulted in different levels of medical resource request, and active control strategy and effective measures could significantly decrease the requirement. During the epidemic rising phase, the cost of prevention and control measures and the requirement of professional response capacities would increase with potential high risk of medical resource demand sharply increasing. Conclusion: Regions with different economic level, population scale, and different prevention and control capabilities should all initiate scientific assessment of medical resource requirement under emergency response and prepare for possible future rebound and epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32268343, "title": "Possible causes for decreased susceptibility of children to coronavirus.", "journal": "Pediatr Res", "authors": ["Zhu, Liqin", "Lu, Xiaoqing", "Chen, Lu"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268343", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323399, "pmcid": "PMC7235483", "title": "Management of advanced melanoma in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Conforti, Claudio", "Giuffrida, Roberta", "Di Meo, Nicola", "Zalaudek, Iris"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323399", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305075, "pmcid": "PMC7162648", "title": "Endoscopy in inflammatory bowel diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic period.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Iacucci, Marietta", "Cannatelli, Rosanna", "Labarile, Nunzia", "Mao, Ren", "Panaccione, Remo", "Danese, Silvio", "Kochhar, Gursimran S", "Ghosh, Subrata", "Shen, Bo"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is changing the management of many chronic diseases, including that of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). In particular, the performance of routine endoscopy is temporarily suspended, and only emergency endoscopy is allowed in many countries where severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread. We highlight different scenarios in which endoscopy should still be performed urgently in patients with IBD, as well as recommendations regarding the use of personal protective equipment. We suggest a pathway for performing safe endoscopy and discuss the potential risks of postponing endoscopy in IBD. Finally, we propose a post-pandemic plan for access to endoscopy."}, {"pmid": 32325121, "pmcid": "PMC7194739", "title": "Tocilizumab: A new opportunity in the possible therapeutic arsenal against COVID-19.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ortiz-Martinez, Yeimer"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325121", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523611, "pmcid": "PMC7255468", "title": "A brief note on randomized controlled trials and compassionate/off-label use of drugs in the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Drugs Context", "authors": ["Bassetti, Matteo", "Pelosi, Paolo", "Robba, Chiara", "Vena, Antonio", "Giacobbe, Daniele Roberto"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523611", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the best way to find effective and acceptable safe treatments for COVID-19 and any possible future outbreak. However, caution is needed when comparing the number of participants in RCTs with that of patients with COVID-19 treated with compassionate and/or off-label drugs to support the hypothesis that the latter are preferred by clinicians as an alternative to the former."}, {"pmid": 32525535, "title": "\"Abandoned\" Nursing Homes Continue to Face Critical Supply and Staff Shortages as COVID-19 Toll Has Mounted.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Abbasi, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223782, "pmcid": "PMC7203167", "title": "Just the Facts: Airway management during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Kovacs, George", "Sowers, Nicholas", "Campbell, Samuel", "French, James", "Atkinson, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223782", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A previously healthy 42-year-old male developed a fever and cough shortly after returning to Canada from overseas. Initially, he had mild upper respiratory tract infection symptoms and a cough. He was aware of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) and the advisory to self-isolate and did so; however, he developed increasing respiratory distress over several days and called 911. On arrival at the emergency department (ED), his heart rate was 130 beats/min, respiratory rate 32 per/min, and oxygenation saturation 82% on room air. As per emergency medical services (EMS) protocol, they placed him on nasal prongs under a surgical mask at 5 L/min and his oxygen saturation improved to 86%."}, {"pmid": 32399522, "title": "Ultrasonography and SARS-CoV 2 infection: a review of what we know and do not yet know.", "journal": "Med Ultrason", "authors": ["Dudea, Sorin M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399522", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "."}, {"pmid": 32450565, "title": "Novel Coronavirus-Induced Right Ventricular Failure and Point of Care Echocardiography: A Case Report.", "journal": "Cardiology", "authors": ["Chen, Lu", "Upadhya, Gautham", "Guo, Uta S", "Belligund, Pooja", "Lee, David K", "Shalom, Isaac", "Dubey, Gangacharan R", "Al-Ajam, Mohammad R", "Mitre, Cristina A"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450565", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Various cardiovascular complications have been reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Common complications include acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, arrhythmia, pericarditis, heart failure, and shock. We present a case of cor pulmonale diagnosed with serial point of care ultrasound. Given the current shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and high infectivity of this virus, we acknowledge the utility of this tool in obtaining important clinical information while minimizing exposure and PPE consumption."}, {"pmid": 32268019, "title": "[Clinical experience of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in severe corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["He, Guojun", "Han, Yijiao", "Fang, Qiang", "Zhou, Jianying", "Shen, Jifang", "Li, Tong", "Pu, Qibing", "Chen, Aijun", "Qi, Zhiyang", "Sun, Lijun", "Cai, Hongliu"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268019", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute respiratory failure due to acute hypoxemia is the major manifestation in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Rational and effective respiratory support is crucial in the management of COVID-19 patients. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been utilized widely due to its superiority over other non-invasive respiratory support techniques. To avoid HFNC failure and intubation delay, the key issues are proper patients, timely application and improving compliance. It should be noted that elder patients are vulnerable for failed HFNC. We applied HFNC for oxygen therapy in severe and critical COVID-19 patients and summarized the following experiences. Firstly, to select the proper size of nasal catheter, to locate it at suitable place, and to confirm the nose and the upper respiratory airway unobstructed. Secondly, an initial flow of 60 L/min and 37\u2103 should be given immediately for patients with obvious respiratory distress or weak cough ability; otherwise, low-level support should be given first and the level gradually increased. Thirdly, to avoid hypoxia or hypoxemia, the treatment goal of HFNC should be maintained the oxygen saturation (SpO2) above 95% for patients without chronic pulmonary disease. Finally, patients should wear a surgical mask during HFNC treatment to reduce the risk of virus transmission through droplets or aerosols."}, {"pmid": 32314033, "pmcid": "PMC7169370", "title": "Practical experience on emergency ophthalmic surgery during the prevalence of COVID-19.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Du, Hao", "Zhang, Meng", "Zhang, Hong", "Sun, Xufang"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314033", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432483, "title": "Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 Receptor in the Human Airway Epithelium.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Haijun", "Rostami, Mahboubeh R", "Leopold, Philip L", "Mezey, Jason G", "O'Beirne, Sarah L", "Strulovici-Barel, Yael", "Crystal, Ronald G"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432483", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a predominantly respiratory illness. The first step in SARS-CoV-2 infection is binding of the virus to angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the airway epithelium. The objective was to gain insight into the expression of ACE2 in the human airway epithelium. Airway epithelium sampled by fiberoptic bronchoscopy of trachea, large airway epi-thelium (LAE) and small airway epithelium (SAE) of nonsmokers and smokers was analyzed for expression of ACE2 and other coronavirus infection-related genes using microarray, RNA-seq and 10x single cell transcriptome analysis, with associated examination of ACE2-related miRNA. (1) ACE2 is expressed similarly in the trachea and LAE with lower expression in the SAE; (2) in the SAE, ACE2 is expressed in basal, intermediate, club, mu-cus and ciliated cells; (3) ACE2 is up-regulated in the SAE by smoking, significantly in males; (4) levels of miR-1246 expression could play a role in ACE2 up-regulation in the SAE of smokers; and (5) ACE2 is expressed in airway epithelium differentiated in vitro on air-liquid interface cultures from primary airway basal stem/progenitor cells; this can be replicated using LAE and SAE immortalized basal cell lines derived from healthy nonsmokers. ACE2, the gene encoding the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, is expressed in the human airway epithelium, with variations in expression relevant to the biology of initial steps in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article is open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives License 4.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)."}, {"pmid": 32294763, "title": "[Responsibilities of Weaning Centers during the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak - Recommendations for the Assignment of ICU Capacities in COVID-19 Patients as shown by the Berlin-Brandenburg POST-SAVE-Model].", "journal": "Pneumologie", "authors": ["Wiesner, B", "Bachmann, M", "Blum, T-G", "Forchheim, S", "Geiseler, J", "Kassin, A", "Kretzschmar, E", "Weber-Carstens, S", "Westhoff, M", "Witzenrath, M", "Grohe, C"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294763", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The enormous increase in patients with severe respiratory distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak requires a systematic approach to optimize ventilated patient at risk flow. A standardised algorithm called \"SAVE\" was developed to distribute patients with COVID-19 respiratory distress syndrome requiring invasive ventilation. This program is established by now in Berlin. An instrumental bottleneck of this approach is the vacant slot assignment in the intensive care unit to guarantee constant patient flow. The transfer of the patients after acute care treatment is needed urgently to facilitate the weaning process. In a next step we developed a triage algorithm to identify patients at SAVE intensive care units with potential to wean and transfer to weaning institutions\u200a-\u200awe called POST SAVE. This manuscript highlights the algorithms including the use of a standardised digital evaluation tool, the use of trained navigators to facilitate the communication between SAVE intensive care units and weaning institutions and the establishment of a prospective data registry for patient assignment and reevaluation of the weaning potential in the future."}, {"pmid": 32376580, "pmcid": "PMC7167307", "title": "[Psychological status and sleep quality of nursing interns during the outbreak of COVID-19].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Sheng, Xiaoyan", "Liu, Fenyu", "Zhou, Jin", "Liao, Rongrong"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376580", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the psychological status and sleep quality of nursing interns in collective isolation during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and provide evidence for adequate interventions. We surveyed a total of 95 nursing interns who were isolated collectively in a general teaching hospital in Guangzhou using a self-designed questionnaire, which consisted of a basic information form, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Descriptive analysis, single factor analysis and correlation analysis were used to analyze the current status of the interns' psychology and sleep quality, the potential factors affecting their psychology and sleep quality, and the correlation between their psychological status and sleep quality. The surveyed interns had SAS, SDS and PSQI score of 37.79\u00b16.59, 43.98\u00b19.74 and 5.20\u00b13.14, respectively, which were significant higher than the national norms in China (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis indicated that both anxiety and depression were positively correlated with the sleep quality score (r=0.508 and 0.546, respectively). Univariate analysis showed that the major factors affecting the psychological status and sleep quality of the interns during collective isolation included recent contact with persons from the affected area before isolation and the onset of fever during the isolation. These interns showed relatively high levels of anxiety and depression during the collective isolation to affect their sleep quality, and interventions should be timely administered to improve their mental health and sleep quality."}, {"pmid": 32386448, "pmcid": "PMC7272891", "title": "Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis with Erythema Multiforme-Like lesions in a COVID-19 woman.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Robustelli Test, E", "Vezzoli, P", "Carugno, A", "Raponi, F", "Gianatti, A", "Rongioletti, F", "Sena, P"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386448", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The antimalarials, Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and the antivirals Lopinavir/Ritonavir have been recently recorded as having anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) effects.1 In particular, regarding Italy, one of the countries most affected by the pandemic, the Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical disease (Lombardy section) has recommended the use of HCQ for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32478709, "title": "Stemming COVID-19 in Cuba: Strengths, Strategies, ChallengesFrancisco Duran MD.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Reed, Gail"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478709", "countries": ["Angola", "Cuba"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dr Dur\u00e1n is a native of eastern San-tiago de Cuba and his early medical career began in this mountainous re-gion, where he also headed provin-cial prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. He went on to become rector of the Medical University of Santiago de Cuba and provincial health direc-tor. Later in Havana, Dr Dur\u00e1n was director of medical education and vice minister at the Ministry of Public Health (MINSAP). Abroad, he served as advisor to Angola's Minister of Health, and on his return, as deputy director of Cuba's Pedro Kour\u00ed Tropical Medicine Institute (IPK). Dr Dur\u00e1n has been \"battle-tested\" over the years by his involvement in stemming dengue epidemics and other infectious dis-ease outbreaks, good preparation for his current position as National Direc-tor of Epidemiology. Today, his is the voice and the face on the 11:00 AM briefing carried daily by Cuban television, reporting the latest data on the un-folding COVID-19 pandemic globally, in the Americas and."}, {"pmid": 32374901, "pmcid": "PMC7267624", "title": "Infection control measures of a Taiwanese hospital to confront the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Kaohsiung J Med Sci", "authors": ["Chang, Ya-Ting", "Lin, Chun-Yu", "Tsai, Ming-Ju", "Hung, Ching-Tzu", "Hsu, Chia-Wen", "Lu, Po-Liang", "Hou, Ming-Feng"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374901", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization announced the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic on 12 March 2020. Although being in proximity to China, the original epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak, Taiwan has maintained a low number of COVID-19 cases despite its close social ties and heavy traffic between Taiwan and China. Containment strategies executed by the Taiwanese government have attracted global attention. Similarly, in-hospital settings, high alertness and swift responses to the changing outbreak situation are necessary to ensure hospital staff members' safety so they can continue to save patients' lives. Herein, we present infection control measures that can be adopted in hospital settings that were executed in a Taiwanese hospital to confront the COVID-19 pandemic, including emergency preparedness and responses from the hospital administration, education, surveillance, patient flow arrangement, the partition of hospital zones, and the prevention of a systemic shutdown by using the \"divided cabin, divided flow\" strategy. The measures implemented by a Taiwan hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic may not be universally applicable in every hospital. Nonetheless, the presented infection control methods have been practically executed and can be referenced or modified to fit each hospital's unique condition."}, {"pmid": 32445403, "pmcid": "PMC7267129", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced immune responses: friends or foes?", "journal": "Scand J Immunol", "authors": ["Li, Keying", "Hao, Zhenhua", "Zhao, Xiaohui", "Du, Jiying", "Zhou, Yanlin"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445403", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging coronavirus that belongs to the \u03b2 genus, causing the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 infection can stimulate a pronounced immune response in the host, which embodies in the decrease of lymphocytes and aberrant increase of cytokines in COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 RNA and proteins interact with various pattern recognition receptors that switch on antiviral immune responses to regulate viral replication and spreading within the host in vivo. However, overactive and impaired immune responses also cause immune damage and subsequent tissue inflammation. This article focuses on the dual roles of immune system during SARS-CoV-2 infection, providing a theoretical basic for identifying therapeutic targets in a situation with an unfavorable immune reaction."}, {"pmid": 32444458, "title": "Early Observation and Mitigation of Challenges in Diabetes Management of COVID-19 Patients in Critical Care Units.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Hamdy, Osama", "Gabbay, Robert A"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444458", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348582, "pmcid": "PMC7267375", "title": "Clinical trials during COVID-19.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Singh, Arjun Gurmeet", "Chaturvedi, Pankaj"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348582", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As this ever-evolving pandemic lays itself, more of its impact is being understood. Until recently, most guidelines were reported to aid in managing and treating suspected or confirmed cases. Research institutions around the world are responding with a sense of confusion. Some are continuing routinely, especially those who are overseeing clinical trials that could offer life-saving therapies, particularly against the novel coronavirus. Since research must continue even in the face of a shutdown, we aim to collate the currently available recommendations from various organizations and provide guidance to head and neck researchers across the world during these trying times."}, {"pmid": 32321614, "pmcid": "PMC7198456", "title": "Respiratory protection for healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mermel, Leonard A"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321614", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503806, "title": "The World of Clinical Trial Development Post-Covid-19: Lessons Learned from a Global Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Cancer Res", "authors": ["Karzai, Fatima", "Madan, Ravi A", "Dahut, William"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503806", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global health threat.1 Cancer patients are one of the most vulnerable populations. During this pandemic clinical trial accrual to NCI studies has fallen dramatically. Investigators quickly turned to regulatory bodies to simplify treatment schedules, facilitate telemedicine and to decrease required data collection Going forward the oncology research community must use the lessons learned to focus on redesigning studies to ensure that the critical scientific questions are answered safely while expanding access and increasing partnerships with community physicians. These changes will accelerate clinical progress while protecting our patients."}, {"pmid": 32284326, "pmcid": "PMC7242698", "title": "Remdesivir is a direct-acting antiviral that inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with high potency.", "journal": "J Biol Chem", "authors": ["Gordon, Calvin J", "Tchesnokov, Egor P", "Woolner, Emma", "Perry, Jason K", "Feng, Joy Y", "Porter, Danielle P", "Gotte, Matthias"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284326", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are urgently needed to control this current pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Replication of SARS-CoV-2 depends on the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which is the likely target of the investigational nucleotide analogue remdesivir (RDV). RDV shows broad-spectrum antiviral activity against RNA viruses, and previous studies with RdRps from Ebola virus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have revealed that delayed chain termination is RDV's plausible mechanism of action. Here, we expressed and purified active SARS-CoV-2 RdRp composed of the nonstructural proteins nsp8 and nsp12. Enzyme kinetics indicated that this RdRp efficiently incorporates the active triphosphate form of RDV (RDV-TP) into RNA. Incorporation of RDV-TP at position i caused termination of RNA synthesis at position i+3. We obtained almost identical results with SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 RdRps. A unique property of RDV-TP is its high selectivity over incorporation of its natural nucleotide counterpart ATP. In this regard, the triphosphate forms of 2'-C-methylated compounds, including sofosbuvir, approved for the management of hepatitis C virus infection, and the broad-acting antivirals favipiravir and ribavirin, exhibited significant deficits. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the target specificity of RDV, as RDV-TP was less efficiently incorporated by the distantly related Lassa virus RdRp, and termination of RNA synthesis was not observed. These results collectively provide a unifying, refined mechanism of RDV-mediated RNA synthesis inhibition in coronaviruses and define this nucleotide analogue as a direct-acting antiviral."}, {"pmid": 32478523, "title": "Comparing the Binding Interactions in the Receptor Binding Domains of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV.", "journal": "J Phys Chem Lett", "authors": ["Amin, Muhamed", "Sorour, Mariam K", "Kasry, Amal"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478523", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, since emerging in Wuhan, China, has been a major concern because of its high infection rate and has left more than six million infected people around the world. Many studies endeavored to reveal the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 compared to the SARS-CoV, in order to find solutions to suppress this high infection rate. Some of these studies showed that the mutations in the SARS-CoV spike (S) protein might be responsible for its higher affinity to the ACE2 human cell receptor. In this work, we used molecular dynamics simulations and Monte Carlo sampling to compare the binding affinities of the S proteins of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 to the ACE2. Our results show that the protein surface of the ACE2 at the receptor binding domain (RBD) exhibits negative electrostatic potential, while a positive potential is observed for the S proteins of SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the binding energies at the interface are slightly higher for SARS-CoV-2 because of enhanced electrostatic interactions. The major contributions to the electrostatic binding energies result from the salt bridges forming between R426 and ACE-2-E329 in the case of SARS-CoV and K417 and ACE2-D30 in the SARS-CoV-2. In addition, our results indicate that the enhancement in the binding energy is not due to a single mutant but rather because of the sophisticated structural changes induced by all these mutations together. This finding suggests that it is implausible for the SARS-CoV-2 to be a lab-engineered virus."}, {"pmid": 32321722, "title": "To consider or not antimalarials as a prophylactic intervention in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Parperis, Konstantinos"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321722", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293677, "pmcid": "PMC7184435", "title": "Letter: Neurosurgery and Coronavirus (COVID-19) Epidemic: Doing our Part.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Pesce, Alessandro", "Palmieri, Mauro", "Armocida, Daniele", "Frati, Alessandro", "Santoro, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293677", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501537, "title": "COVID-19 deaths in long term care facilities - a critical piece of the pandemic puzzle.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Lau-Ng, Rossana", "Caruso, Lisa B", "Perls, Thomas T"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501537", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504735, "title": "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using commercial assays and seroconversion patterns in hospitalized patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Tuaillon, E", "Bollore, K", "Pisoni, A", "Debiesse, S", "Renault, C", "S, Marie", "S, Groc", "C, Niels", "N, Pansu", "Am, Dupuy", "D, Morquin", "V, Foulongne", "A, Bourdin", "V, Le Moing", "P, Van de Perre"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504735", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays are needed for serological surveys and as a complement to molecular tests to confirm COVID-19. However, the kinetics of the humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 remains poorly described and relies on the performance of the different serological tests. In this study, we evaluated the performance of six CE-marked point-of-care tests (POC) and three ELISA assays for the diagnosis of COVID-19 by exploring seroconversions in hospitalized patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Both the ELISA and POC tests were able to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in at least half of the samples collected seven days or more after the onset of symptoms. After 15 days, the rate of detection rose to over 80% but without reaching 100%, irrespective of the test used. More than 90% of the samples collected after 15 days tested positive using the iSIA and Accu-Tell\u00ae POC tests and the ID.Vet IgG ELISA assay. Seroconversion was observed 5 to 12 days after the onset of symptoms. Three assays suffer from a specificity below 90% (EUROIMMUN IgG and IgA, UNscience, Zhuhai Livzon). The second week of COVID-19 seems to be the best period for assessing the sensitivity of commercial serological assays. To achieve an early diagnosis of COVID-19 based on antibody detection, a dual challenge must be met: the immunodiagnostic window period must be shortened and an optimal specificity must be conserved."}, {"pmid": 32375234, "title": "Temperature Decreases Spread Parameters of the New Covid-19 Case Dynamics.", "journal": "Biology (Basel)", "authors": ["Demongeot, Jacques", "Flet-Berliac, Yannis", "Seligmann, Herve"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375234", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "(1) Background: The virulence of coronavirus diseases due to viruses like SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV decreases in humid and hot weather. The putative temperature dependence of infectivity by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 or covid-19 has a high predictive medical interest. (2) Methods: External temperature and new covid-19 cases in 21 countries and in the French administrative regions were collected from public data. Associations between epidemiological parameters of the new case dynamics and temperature were examined using an ARIMA model. (3) Results: We show that, in the first stages of the epidemic, the velocity of contagion decreases with country- or region-wise temperature. (4) Conclusions: Results indicate that high temperatures diminish initial contagion rates, but seasonal temperature effects at later stages of the epidemy remain questionable. Confinement policies and other eviction rules should account for climatological heterogeneities, in order to adapt the public health decisions to possible geographic or seasonal gradients."}, {"pmid": 32519903, "title": "'Virtually Perfect' for Some but Perhaps Not for All: Launching Telemedicine in the Bronx During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Watts, Kara L", "Abraham, Nitya"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519903", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344313, "pmcid": "PMC7175844", "title": "Can pioglitazone be potentially useful therapeutically in treating patients with COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Carboni, Elena", "Carta, Anna R", "Carboni, Ezio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344313", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a pandemic disease (COVID-19) that has spread globally causing more than 30,000 deaths. Despite the immense and ongoing global effort, no efficacious drugs to fight this plague have been identified and patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICU), for respiratory distress, are managed mostly by means of supportive care based on oxygen maintenance. Several authors have reported that the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases comorbidities were indeed frequent among patients with COVID-19, which suggests that these conditions are likely to aggravate and complicate the prognosis. What the aforementioned diseases have in common is a latent chronic inflammatory state that may be associated with the alteration of laboratory parameters that are typical of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. In severe COVID-19 patients laboratory markers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein, IL-6, D-dimer, serum ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase are elevated in many patients; assessed since the 4th-6th day of illness onset, such increases seem to be predictive of an adverse prognosis. Our hypothesis is that drugs belonging to the family of thiazolidinediones (TZD) such as pioglitazone or rosiglitazone, approved for treating the condition of insulin resistance and the accompanying inflammation, could ameliorate the prognosis of those COVID-19 patients with diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disorders comorbidities. TZD are PPAR\u03b3 agonists that act on nuclear receptors, thereby triggering certain transcription factors. TZD were widely used for type-2 diabetes in the first decade of this century and although concerns have been raised for possible side effects associated with long-term treatment, their use has been recently revaluated for their anti-inflammatory properties in numerous medical conditions."}, {"pmid": 32530392, "title": "The Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Healthcare Personnel (HCP) and its Implications - A Single-Center, Prospective, Pilot Study.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mughal, Mohsin Sheraz", "Kaur, Ikwinder Preet", "Patton, Chandler D", "Mikhail, Nagy H", "Vareechon, Chairut", "Granet, Kenneth M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530392", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448136, "pmcid": "PMC7245769", "title": "Application of CareDose 4D combined with Karl 3D technology in the low dose computed tomography for the follow-up of COVID-19.", "journal": "BMC Med Imaging", "authors": ["Li, Jiawei", "Wang, Xiao", "Huang, Xiaolu", "Chen, Fangxing", "Zhang, Xuesong", "Liu, Ying", "Luo, Guangzuo", "Xu, Xunhua"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448136", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease caused by the new coronavirus. Previous studies have shown that the chest CT examination plays an important role in the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19. However, some patients with COVID-19 had low white blood cell counts and reduced lymphocyte ratios. Multiple CT examinations may cause radiation damages as well as increase the apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes. A new low-dose CT method should be developed because the regular CT may aggravate the disease. Sixty cases were randomly divided into the study group (n\u2009=\u200930) and control group (n\u2009=\u200930). The lung window was reconstructed by Karl 3D iterative technique in the study group. The image quality was subjectively evaluated by two senior chest group diagnostic physicians using a 5-point double-blind method. The value of CT measurement and its standard deviation (SD) was used as an objective evaluation criteria. The volume of CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP) and effective dose (ED) from the two groups were compared and analyzed statistically. There was no significant difference in the occurrence rates of ground glass opacities, consolidation, crazy-paving pattern, fiber cable shadow and axial interstitial thickening between the study group and control group (p\u00a0>\u20090.05). In addition, no significant difference was found for the subjective score of overall image quality and image noise level (SD) between the two groups (p\u00a0>\u00a00.05). However, significant differences was found in CTDIvol, DLP, and ED between the study group and the control group (p\u2009<\u20090.05). The effective dose of the study group was reduced by 76% compared to the control group. CareDose 4D low-dose scanning combined with Karl 3D iterative reconstruction technology can not only greatly reduce the radiation dose, but also provide images that meet the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19, which can be used as a routine method for the follow-up of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32432563, "title": "Reporting of D-dimer data in COVID-19: some confusion and potential for misinformation.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Favaloro, Emmanuel J", "Thachil, Jecko"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432563", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a new pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A previous pooled analysis clearly identified elevated D-dimer levels as being associated with severity of COVID-19. Since then, several other studies have provided clearer support for this initial evidence. However, potentially under-recognized by those reporting on D-dimer is the considerable variation in reporting units for D-dimer, and thus also the potential for misreporting of D-dimer data based on poor or incomplete reporting. A PubMed search was used to identify recent papers reporting on D-dimers in COVID-19-based studies. We report that: (1) most publications did not identify either the manufacturer or D-dimer product used; (2) most did not identify whether D-dimer values were reported as D-dimer units (DDU) or fibrinogen equivalent units (FEU) (~2\u2009\u00d7\u2009 differences); (3) nearly half did not identify normal cut-off values; (4) some did not report numerical findings or units for D-dimer; (5) where reported, most identified units as either mg/L or \u03bcg/mL; (6) we identified at least four errors in reporting from 21 papers. It may not be possible to truly standardize D-dimer assays, but it should be feasible to harmonize D-dimer assays to a single unit of measurement."}, {"pmid": 32305157, "pmcid": "PMC7156949", "title": "The use of personal protective equipment in the COVID-19 pandemic era.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Smereka, Jacek", "Szarpak, Lukasz"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305157", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353224, "title": "Home ventilators for invasive ventilation of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care Resusc", "authors": ["Monti, Giacomo", "Cremona, George", "Zangrillo, Alberto", "Lombardi, Gaetano", "Sartini, Chiara", "Sartorelli, Marianna", "Colombo, Sergio", "Serpa Neto, Ary", "Landoni, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353224", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489030, "title": "[Thoughts and suggestions on arrangement, analysis and summary of medical data during COVID-19 epidemic].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yan, Yu-Meng", "Li, Bo", "Li, Ze-Yu", "Lian, Bo", "Su, Xiang-Fei", "Wang, Tian-Yuan", "Li, Ping", "Wang, Qiang", "Cheng, Jin-Lian", "Yang, Zhong-Qi"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489030", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The analysis and utilization of clinical scientific research data is an effective means to promote the progress of diagnosis and treatment, and a key step in the development of medical sciences. During the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), how to transform the limited diagnostic data into clinical research resources has attracted much attention. Based on the low efficiency of data collection and extraction, the inconsistency of data analysis, the irregularity of data report and the high timeliness of data update during the epidemic, this paper briefly analyzed the background and reasons of data application under the current situation, and then discusses the problems and feasible solutions of clinical data applications under the epidemic situation and, more importantly, for future medical clinical research methods. We put forward several methodological suggestions: \u2460 gradually improve the medical big data model and establish the national medical health data center; \u2461 improve the scientific research literacy of medical staff and popularize the basic skills and knowledge of GCP; \u2462 promote a scientific, networked and shared data collection and management mode; \u2463 use the mixed research method and collective analysis to improve the efficiency of clinical data analysis; \u2464 pay attention to narration of the medical feelings and emphasize the humanistic data of clinical medicine. It is expected to promote the standardized and reasonable use of clinical scientific research data, the rigorous integration of expert opinions, and ultimately the development of big data for national health care."}, {"pmid": 32387535, "pmcid": "PMC7202805", "title": "Asthma, biologics, corticosteroids, and coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Akenroye, Ayobami T", "Wood, Robert", "Keet, Corinne"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387535", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416788, "pmcid": "PMC7255339", "title": "Global coordination on cross-border travel and trade measures crucial to COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Lee, Kelley", "Worsnop, Catherine Z", "Grepin, Karen A", "Kamradt-Scott, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416788", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322132, "pmcid": "PMC7174923", "title": "Converting Home Spaces Into Food Gardens At the Time of Covid-19 Quarantine: All the Benefits of Plants in This Difficult and Unprecedented Period.", "journal": "Hum Ecol Interdiscip J", "authors": ["Sofo, Adriano", "Sofo, Antonino"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322132", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "People are facing uncertain and difficult times in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. The benefits of plants (psychological, health, economic, productive) in this period of forced isolation can be of key importance. If many of us have to self-isolate in urban or suburban environments, we need something to do to keep our bodies and minds active and fed. In such a challenging scenario, a vegetable garden in home spaces can bring recreational, health, economic and environmental benefits. Regardless of the Covid-19 pandemic, there is untapped potential for this kind of garden to impact environmental outcomes, public awareness, and market trends. Home vegetable gardens could provide a small-scale approach to the sustainable use of natural resources, leading towards self-sufficiency, self-regulation, sustainability, and environmental protection."}, {"pmid": 32200399, "title": "Mental Health Strategies to Combat the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Beyond Paranoia and Panic.", "journal": "Ann Acad Med Singapore", "authors": ["Ho, Cyrus Sh", "Chee, Cornelia Yi", "Ho, Roger Cm"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200399", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278361, "pmcid": "PMC7158946", "title": "Attention should be paid to venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in the management of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Wang, Tao", "Chen, Ruchong", "Liu, Chunli", "Liang, Wenhua", "Guan, Weijie", "Tang, Ruidi", "Tang, Chunli", "Zhang, Nuofu", "Zhong, Nanshan", "Li, Shiyue"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278361", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366616, "title": "Onsite telemedicine strategy for coronavirus (COVID-19) screening to limit exposure in ED.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Chou, Eric", "Hsieh, Yu-Lin", "Wolfshohl, Jon", "Green, Fonda", "Bhakta, Toral"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366616", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) outbreak is a public health emergency and a global pandemic. During the present coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis, telemedicine has been recommended to screen suspected patients to limit risk of exposure and maximise medical staff protection. We constructed the protective physical barrier with telemedicine technology to limit COVID-19 exposure in ED. Our hospital is an urban community hospital with annual ED volume of approximately 50\u2009000 patients. We equipped our patient exam room with intercom and iPad for telecommunication. Based on our telemedicine screening protocol, physician can conduct a visual physical examination on stable patients via intercom or videoconference. Telemedicine was initially used to overcome the physical barrier between patients and physicians. However, our protocol is designed to create a protective physical barrier to protect healthcare workers and enhance efficiency in ED. The implementation can be a promising protocol in making ED care more cost-effective and efficient during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond."}, {"pmid": 32474220, "pmcid": "PMC7251406", "title": "COVID-19-associated mild encephalitis/encephalopathy with a reversible splenial lesion.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Hayashi, Misayo", "Sahashi, Yuki", "Baba, Yasutomo", "Okura, Hiroyuki", "Shimohata, Takayoshi"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474220", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315122, "pmcid": "PMC7264582", "title": "COVID-19 in a High-Risk Dual Heart and Kidney Transplant Recipient.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Hsu, Jeffrey J", "Gaynor, Pryce", "Kamath, Megan", "Fan, Ashley", "Al-Saffar, Farah", "Cruz, Daniel", "Nsair, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315122", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is rapidly infecting people worldwide, resulting in the infectious disease coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) that has been declared a pandemic. Much remains unknown about COVID-19, including its effects on solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Given their immunosuppressed state, SOT recipients are presumed to be at high risk of complications with viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2. Limited case reports in single SOT recipients, however, have not suggested a particularly severe course in this population. In this report, we present a dual-organ (heart/kidney) transplant recipient who was found to have COVID-19 and, despite the presence of a number of risk factors for poor outcomes, had a relatively mild clinical course."}, {"pmid": 32454505, "title": "Subclinical Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.", "journal": "Nephron", "authors": ["Sun, Dan-Qin", "Wang, Ting-Yao", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Targher, Giovanni", "Byrne, Christopher D", "Chen, Yong-Ping", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454505", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240581, "title": "Covid-19 and Health Care's Digital Revolution.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Keesara, Sirina", "Jonas, Andrea", "Schulman, Kevin"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240581", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379708, "title": "Sustainable health promotion for the seniors during COVID-19 outbreak: a lesson from Tokyo.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Aung, Myo Nyein", "Yuasa, Motoyuki", "Koyanagi, Yuka", "Aung, Thin Nyein Nyein", "Moolphate, Saiyud", "Matsumoto, Hiromichi", "Yoshioka, Takashi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379708", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is novel corona virus infection outbreak that has gone global in 2020. Current prevention policies consist of hand hygiene and social distancing. Emergencies overloaded health services and shocked the logistics chains in many countries, especially Italy and China. Having more than a quarter of its population being elderly, Japan is at high risk for COVID-19 induced morbidity and mortality. This situation cancelled schedules of all routine group exercise activities for the seniors in Japan. While the outbreak is ongoing, staying at home is safe. However, successive days of being house-ridden and limited movement can lead to excessive physical inactivity. Some elderly who are not moving much can lose a significant amount of muscle strength, flexibility and aerobic capacity. It can accelerate the frailty and dependency of the seniors, and subsequently, claiming of care and health services. Moreover, existing and new evidences showed that physical activity can promote antiviral immunity. An alternative to usual group exercise activities is crucial to keep seniors active without affecting social distancing. While staying at home for long, functional exercises maintaining basic level of physical activity and movements are urgently required to be introduced to the seniors in Tokyo and around the world to prevent functional decline. Home exercise is a practical option. Therefore, we made a home-version of the functional training exercise video with different sets of 10-minutes exercise for 7 days a week. This breakthrough alternative may sustain health promotion for the elderly persons to preserve their active aging and maintain optimal health."}, {"pmid": 32362395, "pmcid": "PMC7193142", "title": "Donor heart selection during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Chen, Chiu-Yu", "Chen, Sharon F", "Hollander, Seth A", "Rosenthal, David", "Maeda, Katsuhide", "Burgart, Alyssa", "Almond, Christopher S", "Chen, Sharon"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362395", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294864, "title": "[Thinking on clinical rational use of TCM injection in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Z F", "Wang, Y P", "Zhang, H M", "Fan, Y P", "Lu, C", "Wang, Y Y"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294864", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489403, "pmcid": "PMC7238469", "title": "COVID-19: An update from England's high consequence infectious diseases intensive care unit leads.", "journal": "J Intensive Care Soc", "authors": ["Martin, Daniel", "Platt, Sarah", "Hampshire, Peter", "Meadows, Chris"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489403", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207257, "pmcid": "PMC7183837", "title": "A Patient with COVID-19 Presenting a False-Negative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Result.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Chen, Zuhua", "Li, Yunjiang", "Wu, Baoliang", "Hou, Yanchun", "Bao, Jianfeng", "Deng, Xueying"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207257", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388551, "pmcid": "PMC7239143", "title": "Letter: The Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic on Neurosurgeons Worldwide.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["El-Ghandour, Nasser M F", "Elsebaie, Eman H", "Salem, Amany A", "Alkhamees, Abdullah F", "Zaazoue, Mohamed A", "Fouda, Mohammed A", "Elbadry, Rasha G", "Aly, Mohamed", "Bakr, Hebatalla", "Labib, Mohamed A", "Tobin, Matthew K", "Gragnaniello, Cristian", "Gonzalez-Lopez, Pablo", "Shamisa, Abdalla", "Jhawar, Balraj S", "Soliman, Mohamed A R"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388551", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431550, "pmcid": "PMC7198133", "title": "Erratum: Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of 26 Cases of COVID-19 Arising from Patient-to-Patient Transmission in Liaocheng, China [Corrigendum].", "journal": "Clin Epidemiol", "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431550", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[This corrects the article DOI: 10.2147/CLEP.S249903.]."}, {"pmid": 32324459, "title": "COVID-19 and palliative care.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Peate, Ian"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324459", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337590, "pmcid": "PMC7197626", "title": "Profile of IgG and IgM antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qu, Jiuxin", "Wu, Chi", "Li, Xiaoyong", "Zhang, Guobin", "Jiang, Zhaofang", "Li, Xiaohe", "Zhu, Qing", "Liu, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337590", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We profiled the serological responses to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleocapsid (N) protein and spike (S) glycoprotein. The majority of the patients developed robust antibody responses between 17 and 23 days after illness onset. Delayed, but stronger antibody responses were observed in critical patients."}, {"pmid": 32359917, "pmcid": "PMC7187875", "title": "Corrigendum to \"Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and COVID-19 infection during pregnancy\" [Trav Med Infect Dis. (2020) 101641].", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359917", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432542, "title": "Revisiting vitamin D and home-based exercises for patients with sleep apnea facing the COVID-19 quarantine.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Ekiz, Timur", "Kara, Murat", "Ozcakar, Levent"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432542", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505722, "title": "Response Letter: Radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumopathy.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Kirsch, David G", "Diehn, Maximilian", "Cucinotta, Francis A", "Weichselbaum, Ralph"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505722", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434431, "pmcid": "PMC7243040", "title": "Cardiovascular disease, heart failure and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst", "authors": ["Faconti, Luca", "Chowienczyk, Philip J", "Shah, Ajay M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434431", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330274, "pmcid": "PMC7188125", "title": "COVID-19 with spontaneous pneumothorax,pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Wang, Weiyi", "Gao, Rundi", "Zheng, Yulu", "Jiang, Libin"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330274", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a case of COVID-19 pneumonia associated with spontaneous pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema."}, {"pmid": 32489937, "pmcid": "PMC7242313", "title": "Should computed tomography (CT) be used as a screening or follow-up tool for asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection?", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Zeng, Yanwei", "Fu, Junyan", "Yu, Xiaohong", "Huang, Zhijun", "Yin, Xuyang", "Geng, Daoying", "Zhang, Jun"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489937", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462970, "title": "Identification of potential inhibitors of SARS-COV-2 endoribonuclease (EndoU) from FDA approved drugs: a drug repurposing approach to find therapeutics for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Chandra, Anshuman", "Gurjar, Vaishali", "Qamar, Imteyaz", "Singh, Nagendra"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462970", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is causative agent of COVID-19, which is responsible for severe social and economic disruption globally. Lack of vaccine or antiviral drug with clinical efficacy suggested that drug repurposing approach may provide a quick therapeutic solution to COVID-19. Nonstructural protein-15 (NSP15) encodes for an uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (EndoU) enzyme, essential for virus life cycle and an attractive target for drug development. We have performed in silico based virtual screening of FDA approved compounds targeting EndoU in search of COVID-19 drugs from commercially available approved molecules. Two drugs Glisoxepide and Idarubicin used for treatment for diabetes and leukemia, respectively, were selected as stronger binder of EndoU. Both the drugs bound to the active site of the viral endonuclease by forming attractive intermolecular interactions with catalytically essential amino acid residues, His235, His250, and Lys290. Molecular dynamics simulation studies showed stable conformation dynamics upon drugs binding to endoU. The binding free energies for Glisoxepide and Idarubicin were calculated to be -141\u2009\u00b1\u200911 and -136\u2009\u00b1\u200916\u2009kJ/mol, respectively. The IC50 were predicted to be 9.2\u2009\u00b5M and 30\u2009\u00b5M for Glisoxepide and Idarubicin, respectively. Comparative structural analysis showed the stronger binding of EndoU to Glisoxepide and Idarubicin than to uridine monophosphate (UMP). Surface area calculations showed buried are of 361.8\u00c52 by Glisoxepide which is almost double of the area occupied by UMP suggesting stronger binding of the drug than the ribonucleotide. However, further studies on these drugs for evaluation of their clinical efficacy and dose formulations may be required, which may provide a quick therapeutic option to treat COVID-19. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32178774, "pmcid": "PMC7118650", "title": "COVID-19, ECMO, and lymphopenia: a word of caution.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178774", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380215, "pmcid": "PMC7198135", "title": "Reply to \"Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients\": Discussing specificity.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Ortega-Quijano, Daniel", "Jimenez-Cauhe, Juan", "Burgos-Blasco, Patricia", "Jimenez-Gomez, Natalia", "Fernandez-Nieto, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380215", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464665, "title": "Democracy, Capacity, and Coercion in Pandemic Response-COVID 19 in Comparative Political Perspective.", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Kavanagh, Matthew M", "Singh, Renu"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464665", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged governments around the world. It has also challenged conventional wisdom and empirical understandings in the comparative politics and policy of health. Three major questions present themselves: First, some of the countries considered to be the most prepared-having the greatest capacity for outbreak response-have failed to respond effectively to the pandemic. How should our understanding of capacity shift in light of COVID-19, and how can we incorporate political capacity into thinking about pandemic preparedness? Second, several of the mechanisms through which democracy has been shown to be beneficial for health have not traveled well to explain the performance of governments in this pandemic. Is there an authoritarian advantage in disease response? Third, after decades in which coercive public health measures have increasingly been considered counterproductive, COVID-19 has inspired widespread embrace of rigid lockdowns, isolation, and quarantine enforced by police. Will these measures prove effective in the long run and reshape public health thinking? This article explores some of these questions with emerging examples, even amid the pandemic when it is too soon to draw conclusions."}, {"pmid": 32208983, "title": "All Feet On Deck-The Role of Podiatry During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Preventing hospitalizations in an overburdened healthcare system, reducing amputation and death in people with diabetes.", "journal": "J Am Podiatr Med Assoc", "authors": ["Rogers, Lee C", "Lavery, Lawrence A", "Joseph, Warren S", "Armstrong, David G"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208983", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is driving significant change in the healthcare system and disrupting the best practices for diabetic limb preservation, leaving large numbers of patients without care. Patients with diabetes and foot ulcers are at increased risk for infections, hospitalization, amputations, and death. Podiatric care is associated with fewer diabetes-related amputations, ER visits, hospitalizations, length-of-stay, and costs. But podiatrists must mobilize and adopt the new paradigm of shifts away from hospital care to community-based care. Implementing the proposed Pandemic Diabetic Foot Triage System, in-home visits, higher acuity office visits, telemedicine, and remote patient monitoring can help podiatrists manage patients while reducing the COVID-19 risk. The goal of podiatrists during the pandemic is to reduce the burden on the healthcare system by keeping diabetic foot and wound patients safe, functional, and at home."}, {"pmid": 32241301, "pmcid": "PMC7117947", "title": "A novel treatment approach to the novel coronavirus: an argument for the use of therapeutic plasma exchange for fulminant COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Keith, Philip", "Day, Matthew", "Perkins, Linda", "Moyer, Lou", "Hewitt, Kristi", "Wells, Adam"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241301", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502121, "title": "Reply to \"Protecting against COVID-19 aerosol infection during intubation\".", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Wu, Yi-Chi", "Chen, Ching-Sung", "Chan, Yu-Jiun"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502121", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275792, "pmcid": "PMC7262148", "title": "Global challenges to urology practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Ahmed, Kamran", "Hayat, Sulaiman", "Dasgupta, Prokar"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275792", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32200994, "pmcid": "PMC7269901", "title": "High-flow nasal-oxygenation-assisted fibreoptic tracheal intubation in critically ill patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a prospective randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Wu, Cai-Neng", "Xia, Lin-Zhi", "Li, Kun-Hong", "Ma, Wu-Hua", "Yu, Dong-Nan", "Qu, Bo", "Li, Bi-Xi", "Cao, Ying"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200994", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502585, "pmcid": "PMC7265862", "title": "CHILBLAIN-LIKE ACRAL LESIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC (\"COVID TOES\"): HISTOLOGIC, IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF 17 CASES.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Kanitakis, Jean", "Lesort, Cecile", "Danset, Marie", "Jullien, Denis"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502585", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, several acral chilblain-like skin lesions (CBLL) were observed in young patients with suspected, but mostly unconfirmed, infection with SARS-CoV-2. The histopathological aspect of these lesions is as yet poorly known. To investigate the pathologic features of CBLL. Biopsies were obtained from 17 cases of CBLL during the COVID-19 pandemic in France and were studied by routine histological examination, immunohistochemistry and direct immunofluorescence (DIF). The patients had suspected but unconfirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 (negative nasopharyngeal PCR test and serological tests). CBLL showed many features with those reported in idiopathic (IC) and auto-immune related chilblains (AC), including epidermal necrotic keratinocytes, dermal edema, perivascular and perieccrine sweat gland lymphocytic (predominantly CD3/CD4+) inflammation and frequent vascular changes (endothelialitis, microthromboses, fibrin deposition, immunoreactant deposits on vessels). CBLL show similar histopathologic features with IC and AC, with a rather high rate of vascular changes and DIF positivity. The role of SARS-CoV-2 in the development of these puzzling lesions remains to be elucidated."}, {"pmid": 32303492, "title": "A European roadmap out of the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["McKee, Martin"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303492", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304146, "pmcid": "PMC7264739", "title": "Response to recent commentaries regarding the involvement of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and renin-angiotensin system blockers in SARS-CoV-2 infections.", "journal": "Drug Dev Res", "authors": ["Speth, Robert C"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304146", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329632, "title": "Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "DNA Cell Biol", "authors": ["Reiss, Carol Shoshkes"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329632", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266960, "pmcid": "PMC7262138", "title": "CHINA'S OLDEST CORONAVIRUS SURVIVORS.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Huang, Yan-Mei", "Hong, Xue-Zhi", "Shen, Jian", "Huang, Yi", "Zhao, Hai-Lu"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266960", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310670, "title": "Public Health Approach of Ayurveda and Yoga for COVID-19 Prophylaxis.", "journal": "J Altern Complement Med", "authors": ["Tillu, Girish", "Chaturvedi, Sarika", "Chopra, Arvind", "Patwardhan, Bhushan"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310670", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437707, "pmcid": "PMC7211586", "title": "Cerebral Venous Thrombosis associated with COVID-19 infection: causality or coincidence?", "journal": "J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Poillon, Guillaume", "Obadia, Mickael", "Perrin, Mathilde", "Savatovsky, Julien", "Lecler, Augustin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437707", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378768, "title": "People experiencing homelessness urgently need to be recognised as a high risk group for COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Promot J Austr", "authors": ["Cumming, Craig", "Wood, Lisa", "Davies, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378768", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32197096, "pmcid": "PMC7195406", "title": "COVID-19 in pregnant women - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Baud, David", "Giannoni, Eric", "Pomar, Leo", "Qi, Xiaolong", "Nielsen-Saines, Karin", "Musso, Didier", "Favre, Guillaume"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197096", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32122430, "pmcid": "PMC7200852", "title": "Identification of COVID-19 can be quicker through artificial intelligence framework using a mobile phone-based survey when cities and towns are under quarantine.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Srinivasa Rao, Arni S R", "Vazquez, Jose A"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122430", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We propose the use of a machine learning algorithm to improve possible COVID-19 case identification more quickly using a mobile phone-based web survey. This method could reduce the spread of the virus in susceptible populations under quarantine."}, {"pmid": 32467359, "title": "Influence of Different Inactivation Methods on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA Copy Number.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Chen, Hailong", "Wu, Rui", "Xing, Yuan", "Du, Quanli", "Xue, Zerun", "Xi, Yanli", "Yang, Yujie", "Deng, Yangni", "Han, Yuewen", "Li, Kaixin", "Luan, Yang", "Zhang, Yalan", "Wei, Xiaoguang", "Yu, Tongtong", "Li, Hao", "Zhu, Lingxiang", "Su, Shengshi", "Lian, Hao", "Lu, Linping", "Tan, Chianru", "Zheng, Haichao", "Chen, Baozhong", "Yu, Pengbo", "Guo, Yong", "Ma, Chaofeng"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467359", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has spread across the world and was characterized as a pandemic. To protect medical laboratory personnel from infection, most laboratories inactivate the clinical samples before testing. However, the effect of inactivation on the detection results remains unknown. Here, we used a digital PCR assay to determine the absolute SARS-CoV-2 RNA copy number in 63 nasopharyngeal samples and assess the effect of inactivation methods on viral RNA copy number. Viral inactivation was performed with three different methods: (1) incubation with TRIzol\u00ae LS Reagent for 10 min at room temperature, (2) heating in a waterbath at 56\u00b0C for 30 min, and (3) high-temperature treatment, including 121\u00b0C autoclaving for 20 min, 100\u00b0C boiling for 20 min, and 80\u00b0C heating for 20 min. Compared to the amount of RNA in the original sample, TRIzol treatment destroyed 47.54% of N gene and 39.85% of ORF 1ab. For samples treated at 56\u00b0C for 30 min, the copy number of N gene and ORF 1ab was reduced by 48.55% and 56.40%, respectively. Viral RNA copy number dropped by 50-66% after 80\u00b0C heating for 20 min. Nearly no viral RNA was detected after autoclaving at 121\u00b0C or boiling at 100\u00b0C for 20 min. These results indicated that inactivation reduced the quantity of detectable viral RNA and may cause false negative results especially in weakly positive cases. Thus, TRIzol is recommended for sample inactivation in comparison to heat inactivation as Trizol has the least effect on RNA copy number among the tested methods."}, {"pmid": 32497292, "title": "Guillain-Barre Syndrome in a Patient with Minimal Symptoms of COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Oguz-Akarsu, Emel", "Ozpar, Rifat", "Mirzayev, Haci", "Acet-Ozturk, Nilufer Aylin", "Hakyemez, Bahattin", "Ediger, Dane", "Karli, Necdet"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497292", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324456, "title": "COVID-19 safety in maternity care: lessons for the whole NHS.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Tingle, John"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324456", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses some recent reports in maternity care, which can be seen to also to have general application across all clinical specialities."}, {"pmid": 32473661, "pmcid": "PMC7255708", "title": "COVID-19 and the difficulty of inferring epidemiological parameters from clinical data.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wood, Simon N", "Wit, Ernst C", "Fasiolo, Matteo", "Green, Peter J"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473661", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236815, "pmcid": "PMC7105968", "title": "Inefficiency of Sera from Mice Treated with Pseudotyped SARS-CoV to Neutralize 2019-nCoV Infection.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Liu, Zezhong", "Xia, Shuai", "Wang, Xinling", "Lan, Qiaoshuai", "Xu, Wei", "Wang, Qian", "Jiang, Shibo", "Lu, Lu"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236815", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506662, "title": "Necrotizing periodontal disease: oral manifestation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Patel, Jay", "Woolley, Julian"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506662", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with interest the series of cases reported by Mart\u00edn Carreras-Presas et al. (2020). We believe that the described oral vesiculobullous manifestations were suggestive of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) co-infections, which at present, are overlooked and poorly understood (Cox et al., 2020). Increased disease severity and mortality amongst individuals with respiratory viral infections are often attributed to subsequent bacterial co-infections, accounting for approximately 95% of deaths during the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic (Morens et al., 2008)."}, {"pmid": 32350226, "title": "An assessment of real-time RT-PCR kits for SARS-CoV-2 detection.", "journal": "Jpn J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Okamaoto, Kiyoko", "Shirato, Kazuya", "Nao, NagaNaganori", "Saito, Shinji", "Kageyama, Tsutomu", "Hasegawa, Hideki", "Suzuki, Tadaki", "Matsuyama, Shutoku", "Takeda, Makoto"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350226", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan (China) in December 2019 is currently spreading rapidly and globally. We recently reported a laboratory diagnostic protocol for SARS-CoV-2 based on real-time RT-PCR assays using two primer sets, N and N2. On 30-31 January 2020, the protocol and reagents for these assays were distributed to local public health institutes and quarantine depots in Japan, and nationwide, SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing was started. For further validation, the assays were compared with the commercially available kits using SARS CoV-2 viral RNA and the clinical specimens obtained from COVID19-suspected individuals. The LightMix Modular SARS and Wuhan CoV E-gene (LN S&W-E) assay was highly sensitive for SARS-CoV-2, as was the N2 set, and both assays had perfectly consistent results with the clinical specimens. While the LM S&W-E set targets the highly conserved region of the E gene in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, the N2 set was designed to target the unique region in the SARS-CoV-2 N gene. Thus, the N2 set has high specificity and sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 detection. These indicate that the protocol using the N and N2 sets is comparable to commercially available kits and is reliable for the laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32418730, "pmcid": "PMC7204701", "title": "\"Off-label\" use of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir-ritonavir and chloroquine in COVID-19: A survey of cardiac adverse drug reactions by the French Network of Pharmacovigilance Centers.", "journal": "Therapie", "authors": ["Gerard, Alexandre", "Romani, Serena", "Fresse, Audrey", "Viard, Delphine", "Parassol, Nadege", "Granvuillemin, Aurelie", "Chouchana, Laurent", "Rocher, Fanny", "Drici, Milou-Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418730", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an unprecedented challenge for physicians and scientists. Several publicized drugs are being used with not much evidence of their efficacy such as hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin or lopinavir-ritonavir. Yet, the cardiac safety of these drugs in COVID-19 deserves scrutiny as they are known to foster cardiac adverse ADRs, notably QTc interval prolongation on the electrocardiogram and its arrhythmogenic consequences. Since March 27th, 2020, the French Pharmacovigilance Network directed all cardiac adverse drug reactions associated with \"off-label\" use of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and lopinavir-ritonavir in COVID-19 to the Nice Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance. Each Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance first assessed causality of drugs. We performed a specific analysis of these cardiac adverse drug reactions amidst an array of risk factors, reassessed the electrocardiograms and estimated their incidence in coronavirus disease 2019. In one month, 120 reports of cardiac adverse drug reactions have been notified, 103 of which associated with hydroxychloroquine alone (86%), or associated with azithromycin (60%). Their estimated incidence is 0.77% to 1.54% of all patients, notwithstanding strong underreporting. Lopinavir-ritonavir came third with 17 reports (14%) and chloroquine fourth with 3 reports (2.5%). There were 8 sudden, unexplained or aborted deaths (7%), 8 ventricular arrhythmias (7%), 90 reports of prolonged QTc (75%) most of them \"serious\" (64%), 48 of which proved \u2265 500ms, 20 reports of severe conduction disorders (17%) and 5 reports of other cardiac causes (4%). Six reports derived from automedication. \"Off-label\" use of treatments in COVID-19 increases the risk of cardiac ADRs, some of them avoidable. Even if these drugs are perceived as familiar, they are used in patients with added risk factors caused by infection. Precautions should be taken to mitigate the risk, even if they will be proven efficacious."}, {"pmid": 32271457, "title": "Mask crisis during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Wang, M-W", "Zhou, M-Y", "Ji, G-H", "Ye, L", "Cheng, Y-R", "Feng, Z-H", "Chen, J"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271457", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. As of February 29, 2020, the National Health Commission of China has reported 79,389 confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 34 provinces. The masks can be used to block respiratory transmission from human to human, and are an effective way to control influenza. It is, therefore, necessary to wear a mask when respiratory infectious diseases are prevalent. China has a population of 1.4 billion. Assuming that two-thirds of the people in China must wear a mask every day, the daily demand for masks will reach 900 million. The Chinese government has taken many measures to solve these problems. Additionally, more measures should be taken to properly dispose of mask garbage. Although the outbreak originated in China, person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed, which means that it can be spread to anywhere in the world if prevention measures fail. The issues regarding face mask shortages and garbage in China, therefore, deserve worldwide attention."}, {"pmid": 32185635, "pmcid": "PMC7095462", "title": "Successful containment of COVID-19: the WHO-Report on the COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Salzberger, Bernd", "Gluck, Thomas", "Ehrenstein, Boris"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185635", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240633, "pmcid": "PMC7156221", "title": "Likelihood of survival of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ruan, Shigui"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240633", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410517, "title": "Quarantine of the Covid-19 pandemic in suicide: A psychological autopsy.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Aquila, Isabella", "Sacco, Matteo Antonio", "Ricci, Cristoforo", "Gratteri, Santo", "Ricci, Pietrantonio"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410517", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemiology of suicide has identified numerous psychiatric and occupational risk factors. The circumstances surrounding a suicide are fundamental to determining whether its characteristics will play a crucial role in the decision-making process. The state of emergency arising from the Covid-19 pandemic has introduced a new element, given the general concern and feelings of alarm which are global. The most suitable forensic method to analyse these cases is the psychological autopsy. This study's purpose is to analyse the application of the psychological autopsy method to evaluate the impact of the pandemic where government lockdowns impose restrictions on personal freedom. We set out to consider how far this together with other factors may induce suicide. The literature does not as yet offer us a retrospective analysis of the influence of the global pandemic state on rates of suicide. Accordingly, we report a forensic case and examine the critical issues and problems in the management of these cases."}, {"pmid": 32514708, "title": "Low-Intensity Monitoring After Stroke Thrombolysis During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurocrit Care", "authors": ["Faigle, Roland", "Johnson, Brenda", "Summers, Debbie", "Khatri, Pooja", "Anderson, Craig S", "Urrutia, Victor C"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202241, "title": "Therapies used in rheumatology with relevance to coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Pires da Rosa, Gilberto", "Ferreira, Ester"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202241", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402462, "pmcid": "PMC7201242", "title": "Letter to editor regarding Ogen Y 2020 paper: \"Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels as a contributing factor to coronavirus (COVID-19) fatality\".", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Chudnovsky, Alexandra A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402462", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393406, "pmcid": "PMC7242769", "title": "Hospital Emergency Management of Emerging Infectious Disease using Instant Communication Technology.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Lin, Chih-Hao", "Hsieh, Chih-Chia", "Chi, Chih-Hsien"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393406", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125418, "pmcid": "PMC7107240", "title": "Coronavirus disease-2019: An update on third coronavirus outbreak of 21st century.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Sahu, K K", "Mishra, A K", "Lal, A"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125418", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416366, "pmcid": "PMC7205661", "title": "Catheter-directed thrombolysis in COVID-19 pneumonia with acute PE: Thinking beyond the guidelines.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Qanadli, S D", "Gudmundsson, L", "Rotzinger, D C"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416366", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340539, "title": "Otolaryngology Education in the Setting of COVID-19: Current and Future Implications.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Comer, Brett T", "Gupta, Nikita", "Mowry, Sarah E", "Malekzadeh, Sonya"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340539", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic continues to garner extensive international attention. The pandemic has resulted in significant changes in clinical practice for otolaryngologists in the United States; many changes have been implemented to mitigate risks identified by otolaryngologists in other countries. COVID-19-induced limitations include social distancing and triaging of patient acuity. Additionally, a recent publication by Stanford University has drawn attention to the risks that otolaryngologists may face with regard to manipulation of the upper airway and mucosal disruption. As a result of COVID-19 recommendations, multiple institutions have overhauled resident clinical rotations and resident education. The result has been a rapid and significant change in resident education at most academic institutions. This commentary outlines the development of the otolaryngology resident education consortiums, with implications for future education within and outside of otolaryngology."}, {"pmid": 32510154, "title": "Elderly nursing homes residents-are they a priority in national COVID-19 strategies?", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Donnelly, Seamas C"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510154", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243846, "pmcid": "PMC7128146", "title": "Message from the Editor: Stem Cell Science in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Stem Cell Reports", "authors": ["Pera, Martin"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243846", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468834, "title": "Relative Limited Impact of COVID-19 on Diabetes: A Personal View.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["de Galan, Bastiaan E"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468834", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462177, "title": "Myocarditis detected after COVID-19 recovery.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Sardari, Akram", "Tabarsi, Payam", "Borhany, Hamed", "Mohiaddin, Raad", "Houshmand, Golnaz"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462177", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299928, "title": "From mice to monkeys, animals studied for coronavirus answers.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299928", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326943, "pmcid": "PMC7179791", "title": "Sexual and reproductive health (SRH): a key issue in the emergency response to the coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) outbreak.", "journal": "Reprod Health", "authors": ["Tang, Kun", "Gaoshan, Junjian", "Ahonsi, Babatunde", "Ali, Moazzam", "Bonet, Mercedes", "Broutet, Nathalie", "Kara, Edna", "Kim, Caron", "Thorson, Anna", "Thwin, Soe Soe"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326943", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak was first declared in China in December 2019, and WHO declared the pandemic on 11 March 2020. A fast-rising number of confirmed cases has been observed in all continents, with Europe at the epicentre of the outbreak at this moment.Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and rights is a significant public health issue during the epidemics. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is new to humans, and only limited scientific evidence is available to identify the impact of the disease COVID-19 on SRH, including clinical presentation and outcomes of the infection during pregnancy, or for persons with STI/HIV-related immunosuppression. Beyond the clinical scope of SRH, we should not neglect the impacts at the health system level and disruptions or interruptions in regular provision of SRH services, such as pre- and postnatal checks, safe abortion, contraception, HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections. Furthermore, other aspects merit attention such as the potential increase of gender-based violence and domestic abuse, and effects of stigma and discrimination associated with COVID-19 and their effects on SRH clients and health care providers. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the scientific community to generate sound clinical, epidemiological, and psycho-social behavioral links between COVID-19 and SRH and rights outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32433285, "pmcid": "PMC7268822", "title": "Current Evidence for Minimally Invasive Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Risk Mitigation Strategies: A Narrative Review.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Chadi, Sami A", "Guidolin, Keegan", "Caycedo-Marulanda, Antonio", "Sharkawy, Abdu", "Spinelli, Antonino", "Quereshy, Fayez A", "Okrainec, Allan"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433285", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our objective was to review the literature surrounding the risks of viral transmission during laparoscopic surgery and propose mitigation measures to address these risks. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has caused surgeons the world over to re-evaluate their approach to surgical procedures given concerns over the risk of aerosolization of viral particles and exposure of operating room staff to infection. International society guidelines advise against the use of laparoscopy; however, the evidence on this topic is scant and recommendations are based on the perceived most cautious course of action. We conducted a narrative review of the existing literature surrounding the risks of viral transmission during laparoscopic surgery and balance these risks against the benefits of minimally invasive approaches. We also propose mitigation measures to address these risks that we have adopted in our institution. While it is currently assumed that open surgery minimizes operating room staff exposure to the virus, our findings reveal that this may not be the case. A well-informed, evidence-based opinion is critical when making decisions regarding which operative approach to pursue, for the safety and well-being of the patient, the operating room staff, and the healthcare system at large. Minimally invasive surgical approaches offer significant advantages with respect to both patient care, and the mitigation of the risk of viral transmission during surgery, provided the appropriate equipment and expertise are present."}, {"pmid": 32374288, "title": "Newborns at risk of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Shah, Malika D", "Saugstad, Ola D"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374288", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243300, "pmcid": "PMC7172555", "title": "Utility of Substandard Face Mask Options for Health Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Abd-Elsayed, Alaa", "Karri, Jay"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243300", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259419, "title": "Calculated decisions: COVID-19 calculators during extreme resource-limited situations.", "journal": "Emerg Med Pract", "authors": ["Steinberg, Eric", "Balakrishna, Aditi", "Habboushe, Joseph", "Shawl, Arsalan", "Lee, Jarone"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259419", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the near future, clinicians may face scenarios in which there are not have enough resources (ventilators, ECMO machines, etc) available for the number of critically sick COVID-19 patients. There may not be enough healthcare workers, as those who are positive for COVID-19 or those who have been exposed to the virus and need to be quarantined. During these worst-case scenarios, new crisis standards of care and thresholds for intensive care unit (ICU) admissions will be needed. Clinical decision scores may support the clinician's decision-making, especially if properly adapted for this unique pandemic and for the patient being treated. This review discusses the use of clinical prediction scores for pneumonia severity at 3 main decision points to examine which scores may provide value in this unique situation. Initial data from a cohort of over 44,000 COVID-19 patients in China, including risk factors for mortality, were compared with data from cohorts used to study the clinical scores, in order to estimate the potential appropriateness of each score and determine how to best adjust results at the bedside."}, {"pmid": 32324364, "title": "Practical aspects of anesthetic and perioperative care for COVID-19 patients", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Vegh, Tamas", "Laszlo, Istvan", "Juhasz, Marianna", "Berhes, Mariann", "Fabian, Akos", "Koszta, Gyorgy", "Molnar, Csilla", "Fulesdi, Bela"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324364", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Caring for those affected by the coronavirus outbreak of December 2019 imposed a heavy burden on healthcare systems. Not only because some patients require intensive care, but because patients with any form of the disease may need surgical intervention. Managing these cases is a major challenge for anesthesiologists. The purpose of this summary is to present the practical aspects of anesthetic and perioperative care for patients requiring surgical treatment. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 692\u2013695."}, {"pmid": 32346813, "pmcid": "PMC7186765", "title": "COVID-19, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and clinical implications.", "journal": "Endocrine", "authors": ["Pal, Rimesh"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346813", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362507, "pmcid": "PMC7183996", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and non invasive respiratory management: Every Goliath needs a David. An evidence based evaluation of problems.", "journal": "Pulmonology", "authors": ["Winck, J C", "Ambrosino, N"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362507", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The war against Covid-19 is far from won. This narrative review attempts to describe some problems with the management of Covid-19 induced acute respiratory failure (ARF) by pulmonologists. We searched the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and reviewed the references of retrieved articles for additional studies. The search was limited to the terms: Covid-19 AND: acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), SARS, MERS, non invasive ventilation (NIV), high flow nasal cannula (HFNC), pronation (PP), health care workers (HCW). Protection of Health care workers should be paramount, so full Personal Protective Equipment and Negative pressure rooms are warranted. HFNC alone or with PP could be offered for mild cases (PaO2/FiO2 between 200-300); NIV alone or with PP may work in moderate cases (PaO2/FiO2 between 100-200). Rotation and coupled (HFNC/NIV) strategy can be beneficial. A window of opportunity of 1-2h is advised. If PaO2/FIO2 significantly increases, Respiratory Rate decreases with a relatively low Exhaled Tidal Volume, the non-invasive strategy could be working and intubation delayed. Although there is a role for non-invasive respiratory therapies in the context of COVID-19 ARF, more research is still needed to define the balance of benefits and risks to patients and HCW. Indirectly, non invasive respiratory therapies may be of particular benefit in reducing the risks to healthcare workers by obviating the need for intubation, a potentially highly infectious procedure."}, {"pmid": 32180157, "pmcid": "PMC7088073", "title": "Brain Awareness Week, CoVID-19 infection and Neurological Sciences.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Federico, Antonio"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32180157", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510865, "title": "Identification and management of asymptomatic carriers of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China.", "journal": "Influenza Other Respir Viruses", "authors": ["Peng, Jianhui", "Su, Dongwei", "Zhang, Ziwei", "Wang, Mingke"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510865", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405544, "pmcid": "PMC7218385", "title": "Changes in Urology After the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Urol Focus", "authors": ["Margel, David", "Ber, Yaara"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405544", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the world. Urology needs to overcome these challenges. Our duty is to provide care under any circumstances and our privilege is to re-examine and advance our field. The use of novel communication and health technologies will ensure safety while maintaining high-quality care."}, {"pmid": 32525803, "title": "The patient-urologist relationship in the COVID-19 era and beyond.", "journal": "Can Urol Assoc J", "authors": ["Patel, Hiren V", "Srivastava, Arnav", "Tabakin, Alexandra L", "Jang, Thomas L", "Singer, Eric A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525803", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480250, "pmcid": "PMC7248637", "title": "Protective effects of vaccinations and endemic infections on COVID-19: A hypothesis.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Meenakshisundaram, Ramachandran", "Senthilkumaran, Subramanian", "Thirumalaikolundusubramanian, Ponniah"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480250", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426202, "pmcid": "PMC7228800", "title": "The Vacuum Assisted Negative Pressure Isolation Hood (VANISH) System: Novel Application of the Stryker Neptune Suction Machine to Create COVID-19 Negative Pressure Isolation Environments.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Convissar, David", "Chang, Connie Y", "Choi, Wonjae E", "Chang, Marvin G", "Bittner, Edward A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426202", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may remain viable in the air for up to three hours, placing health care workers in close proximity to aerosolizing procedures particularly at high risk for infection. This combined with the drastic shortage of negative pressure rooms hospitals worldwide has led to the rapid innovation of novel biohazard isolation hoods, which can be adapted to create negative pressure isolation environments around the patient's airway using the hospital wall suction, which carries many limitations, including weaker suction capabilities, single patient use, and immobility. Here, we report our Vacuum Assisted Negative Pressure Isolation Hood (VANISH) system that uses a mobile and readily available in most hospital operating rooms Stryker\u00a0Neptune\u2122 (Stryker Corporation, Kalamazoo, Michigan) high-powered suction system to more effectively create a negative pressure biohazard isolation environment. VANISH\u00a0has been utilized regularly in an anesthesia practice of 30+ providers and, to date, there have been no documented COVID-19 infections."}, {"pmid": 32199880, "pmcid": "PMC7270807", "title": "Effect of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Zhou, Zili", "Zhao, Ning", "Shu, Yan", "Han, Shengbo", "Chen, Bin", "Shu, Xiaogang"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199880", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457980, "title": "Failure of hydroxychloroquine pre-exposure prophylaxis in COVID-19 infection? A case report.", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Kauv, Juliette", "Le, Minh P", "Veyrier, Marc", "Le Hingrat, Quentin", "Visseaux, Benoit", "Massias, Laurent", "Chauveheid, Marie-Paule", "Descamps, Diane", "Ghosn, Jade", "Peytavin, Gilles"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457980", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363245, "pmcid": "PMC7195280", "title": "Efforts to Reduce the Impacts of COVID-19 Outbreak on Radiation Oncology in Taiwan.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Chen, Yi-Lun", "Hsu, Feng-Ming", "Tsai, Chiaojung Jillian", "Chia-Hsien Cheng, Jason"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363245", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485236, "pmcid": "PMC7260495", "title": "Options for Personal Protective Equipment During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Used in New Orleans, Louisiana.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Carlson, John C"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485236", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405135, "pmcid": "PMC7218400", "title": "[COVID-19 AND XXI CENTURY PULMONOLOGY: CHALLENGE OR OPPORTUNITY?]", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Barreiro, Esther", "Jimenez, Carlos", "de Pedro, Julia Garcia", "Prieto, Maria Teresa Ramirez"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405135", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398900, "pmcid": "PMC7216570", "title": "COVID-19, the Anthropocene, and transformative change.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Massy, Charles"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398900", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387456, "pmcid": "PMC7202813", "title": "Androgen-deprivation therapies for prostate cancer and risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2: a population-based study (N = 4532).", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Montopoli, M", "Zumerle, S", "Vettor, R", "Rugge, M", "Zorzi, M", "Catapano, C V", "Carbone, G M", "Cavalli, A", "Pagano, F", "Ragazzi, E", "Prayer-Galetti, T", "Alimonti, A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387456", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) depends on binding of the viral spike (S) proteins to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and on S protein priming by TMPRSS2. Inhibition of TMPRSS2 may work to block or decrease the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Intriguingly, TMPRSS2 is an androgen-regulated gene that is up-regulated in prostate cancer where it supports tumor progression and is involved in a frequent genetic translocation with the ERG gene. First- or second-generation androgen-deprivation therapies (ADTs) decrease the levels of TMPRSS2. Here we put forward the hypothesis that ADTs may protect patients affected by prostate cancer from SARS-CoV-2 infections. We extracted data regarding 9280 patients (4532 males) with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from 68 hospitals in Veneto, one of the Italian regions that was most affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The parameters used for each COVID-19-positive patient were sex, hospitalization, admission to intensive care unit, death, tumor diagnosis, prostate cancer diagnosis, and ADT. There were 9280 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients in the Veneto on 1 April 2020. Overall, males developed more severe complications, were more frequently hospitalized, and had a worse clinical outcome than females. Considering only the Veneto male population (2.4 million men), 0.2% and 0.3% of non-cancer and cancer patients, respectively, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Comparing the total number of SARS-CoV-2-positive cases, prostate cancer patients receiving ADT had a significantly lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with patients who did not receive ADT (OR 4.05; 95% CI 1.55-10.59). A greater difference was found comparing prostate cancer patients receiving ADT with patients with any other type of cancer (OR 4.86; 95% CI 1.88-12.56). Our data suggest that cancer patients have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections compared with non-cancer patients. However, prostate cancer patients receiving ADT appear to be partially protected from SARS-CoV-2 infections."}, {"pmid": 32503708, "pmcid": "PMC7146676", "title": "Utilization and Appropriateness of Transthoracic Echocardiography in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Ward, R Parker", "Lee, Linda", "Ward, Timothy J", "Lang, Roberto M"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441754, "title": "Should we be using the Covid-19 outbreak to prompt us to transform our rheumatology service delivery in the technology age?", "journal": "Rheumatology (Oxford)", "authors": ["Jethwa, Hannah", "Abraham, Sonya"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441754", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426931, "title": "Love in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Med Genet A", "authors": ["Muenke, Maximilian"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426931", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266965, "pmcid": "PMC7262153", "title": "COVID-19 precautions: easier said than done when patients are homeless.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Wood, Lisa J", "Davies, Andrew P", "Khan, Zana"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266965", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32167525, "title": "From Containment to Mitigation of COVID-19 in the US.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Parodi, Stephen M", "Liu, Vincent X"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167525", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330302, "pmcid": "PMC7264732", "title": "Comment on \"Organ-protective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its effect on the prognosis of COVID-19\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Hu, Shuaishuai"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330302", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473502, "pmcid": "PMC7250755", "title": "Preparedness and disinfection of anesthetic equipment in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Duan, Na", "Gao, Wei", "Wang, Qiang"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473502", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370848, "pmcid": "PMC7252024", "title": "Empowering Communication in Emergency Contexts: Reflections From the Italian Coronavirus Outbreak.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Brivio, Eleonora", "Oliveri, Serena", "Pravettoni, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370848", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32096611, "pmcid": "PMC7162053", "title": "2019 Novel coronavirus infection and gastrointestinal tract.", "journal": "J Dig Dis", "authors": ["Gao, Qin Yan", "Chen, Ying Xuan", "Fang, Jing Yuan"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32096611", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278360, "pmcid": "PMC7158943", "title": "A Spanish-translated clinical algorithm for management of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Martinez-Portilla, Raigam J", "Gonce, Anna", "Hawkins-Villarreal, Ameth", "Figueras, Francesc"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278360", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420934, "title": "Tobacco smoking and COVID-19 pandemic: old and new issues. A summary of the evidence from the scientific literature.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Cattaruzza, Maria Sofia", "Zaga, Vincenzo", "Gallus, Silvano", "D'Argenio, Paolo", "Gorini, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420934", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic burst onto the international scene as a new disease not affecting patients uniformly; hence it has risen many questions yet to be clarified. The aim of this study was to outline the main issues that led tobacco smoking being discussed as a potential risk factor associated with COVID-19. articles from MEDLINE and pre-prints published from January to April 2020 were identified. data from China showed that men had more severe outcomes of COVID-19 than women. Since smoking prevalence is very high among Chinese men in comparison to women, it was hypothesized that smoking could be a risk factor for poor prognosis. This was also supported by the higher prevalence of comorbidities, many of which are tobacco-related diseases, in patients with severe COVID-19, who were also more likely to have a smoking history. A meta-analysis confirmed these results reporting an OR=2.25 (95% CI: 1.49-3.39) for developing severe Covid-19 among patients with a smoking history. Some authors, noticing that reported smoking prevalence among hospitalized patients was substantially below smoking prevalence in the corresponding populations, speculated a protective role of nicotine. However, it is likely that low prevalence among hospitalized patients are partially due to many smokers misclassified as nonsmokers. Tobacco smoking seems to cause a dose-dependent upregulation of the angiotensin-converting- enzyme-2 (ACE2), the virus cellular entry receptor, which could explain the higher risk of severe COVID-19 in smokers. There is need for further independent studies to clarify the role of smoking on COVID-19 incidence, progression and mortality."}, {"pmid": 32508306, "title": "Pertinence of Telehealth in a Rush Conversion to Virtual Allergy Practice during the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Perez, R", "Sanchez-Machin, I", "Poza-Guedes, P", "Matheu, V", "Alava-Cruz, C", "Mederos Luis, E"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437936, "pmcid": "PMC7207113", "title": "Viral exanthem with \"Spins and needles sensation\" on extremities of a COVID-19 patient: A self-reported case from an Indonesian medical frontliner.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Putra, Bayushi Eka", "Adiarto, Suko", "Dewayanti, Santi Rahayu", "Juzar, Dafsah Arifa"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437936", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cutaneous manifestation is a newly reported clinical manifestation of COVID-19 infection. The clinical description of cutaneous manifestation is still not fully described. Our patient, a medical person, had viral exanthem distributed in the extremities along with a \"Spins and needles sensation,\" which differs from a previously published paper on cutaneous manifestations. The differential diagnosis of drug-induced skin rash and hand-foot-mouth disease was ruled out based on the patient's previous history and course of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32414995, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Challenges for the Neurosurgeons and Neurologists.", "journal": "Neurol India", "authors": ["Khilnani, G C"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414995", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372080, "pmcid": "PMC7239149", "title": "Letter: News From the COVID-19 Front Lines: How Neurosurgeons Are Contributing.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Caridi, John M", "Reynolds, Alexandra S", "Gilligan, Jeffrey", "Bederson, Joshua", "Dangayach, Neha S"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372080", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334117, "pmcid": "PMC7175914", "title": "Evaluation and prediction of the COVID-19 variations at different input population and quarantine strategies, a case study in Guangdong province, China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hu, Zengyun", "Cui, Qianqian", "Han, Junmei", "Wang, Xia", "Sha, Wei E I", "Teng, Zhidong"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334117", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, an epidemic model was developed to simulate and predict the disease variations of Guangdong province which was focused on the period from Jan 27 to Feb 20, 2020. To explore the impacts of the input population and quarantine strategies on the disease variations at different scenarios, four time points were assumed as Feb 6, Feb 16, Feb 24 and Mar 5 2020. The major results suggest that our model can well capture the disease variations with high accuracy. The simulated peak value of the confirmed cases is 1002 at Feb 10, 2020 which is mostly close to the reported number of 1007 at Feb 9, 2020. The disease will become extinction with peak value of 1397 at May 11, 2020. Moreover, the increased numbers of the input population can mainly shorten the disease extinction days and the increased percentages of the exposed individuals of the input population increase the number of cumulative confirmed cases at a small percentage. Increasing the input population and decreasing the quarantine strategy together around the time point of the peak value of the confirmed cases, may lead to the second outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32489695, "pmcid": "PMC7220291", "title": "COVID-19 in India: Are Biological and Environmental Factors Helping to Stem the Incidence and Severity?", "journal": "Aging Dis", "authors": ["Chakrabarti, Sankha Shubhra", "Kaur, Upinder", "Banerjee, Anindita", "Ganguly, Upasana", "Banerjee, Tuhina", "Saha, Sarama", "Parashar, Gaurav", "Prasad, Suvarna", "Chakrabarti, Suddhachitta", "Mittal, Amit", "Agrawal, Bimal Kumar", "Rawal, Ravindra Kumar", "Zhao, Robert Chunhua", "Gambhir, Indrajeet Singh", "Khanna, Rahul", "Shetty, Ashok K", "Jin, Kunlin", "Chakrabarti, Sasanka"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489695", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing Corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic has witnessed global political responses of unimaginable proportions. Many nations have implemented lockdowns that involve mandating citizens not to leave their residences for non-essential work. The Indian government has taken appropriate and commendable steps to curtail the community spread of COVID-19. While this may be extremely beneficial, this perspective discusses the other reasons why COVID-19 may have a lesser impact on India. We analyze the current pattern of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, testing, and mortality in India with an emphasis on the importance of mortality as a marker of the clinical relevance of COVID-19 disease. We also analyze the environmental and biological factors which may lessen the impact of COVID-19 in India. The importance of cross-immunity, innate immune responses, ACE polymorphism, and viral genetic mutations are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32348594, "pmcid": "PMC7267451", "title": "Procedural precautions and personal protective equipment during head and neck instrumentation in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Panuganti, Bharat A", "Pang, John", "Califano, Joseph", "Chan, Jason Y K"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348594", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Otolaryngologists represent a subset of health care workers uniquely vulnerable to COVID-19 transmission. Given the segmentation of extant guidelines concerning precautions and protective equipment for SARS-CoV2, we aimed to provide consolidated recommendations regarding appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) in head neck surgery during the COVID-19 era. Guidelines published by international and US governing bodies were reviewed in conjunction with published literature concerning COVID-19 transmission risk, testing, and PPE, to compile situation-specific recommendations for head and neck providers managing COVID-19 patients. High-quality data regarding the aerosolization potential of head and neck instrumentation and appropriate PPE during head and neck surgeries are lacking. However, extrapolation of recommendations by governing bodies suggests strongly that head and neck mucosal instrumentation warrants strict adherence to airborne-level precautions. We present a series of situation-specific recommendations for PPE use and other procedural precautions for otolaryngology providers to consider in the COVID-19 era."}, {"pmid": 32402107, "pmcid": "PMC7272828", "title": "Letter: low population mortality from COVID-19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees North supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Mansur, Jose L"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402107", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403911, "title": "Clinical implications and economic effects of the corona virus pandemic on gynaecology, obstetrics and reproductive medicine in Germany-learning from Italy.", "journal": "Minerva Ginecol", "authors": ["Findeklee, Sebastian", "Morinello, Emanuela"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403911", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The infection with the novel SARS Cov-2 corona virus, the cause of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, possessing its origin in the Chinese province Hubei, has reached the extent of a global pandemic within a few months. After aerosol infection, most people experience mild respiratory infection with cold symptoms such as cough and fever, and healing within two weeks. In about 5% of those infected, however, a severe course develops with the occurrence of multiple sub pleural bronchopulmonary infiltrates and even death as a result of respiratory failure. The corona virus pandemic has multiple impacts on social life that have not been seen before. For example, the government adopted measures to curb the exponential spread of the virus, which included a significant reduction in social contacts. Furthermore, the specialist societies recommended that no elective treatments be carried out during the pandemic period. This review article considers epidemiological aspects of novel corona virus infection and presents both the clinical as well the possible economic effects of the pandemic on gynaecology, obstetrics and reproductive medicine in Germany in the past, present and future. In addition, useful preventive measures for daily clinical work and the previously known scientific findings dealing with the impact of corona virus on pregnancy and birth are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32234303, "pmcid": "PMC7270476", "title": "Multiomics Evaluation of Gastrointestinal and Other Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Du, Mulong", "Cai, Guoshuai", "Chen, Feng", "Christiani, David C", "Zhang, Zhengdong", "Wang, Meilin"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234303", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314249, "pmcid": "PMC7168566", "title": "Bariatric Surgical Practice During the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Aminian, Ali", "Kermansaravi, Mohammad", "Azizi, Shahriar", "Alibeigi, Peyman", "Safamanesh, Sina", "Mousavimaleki, Ali", "Rezaei, Mohammad Taghi", "Faridi, Maziar", "Mokhber, Somayeh", "Pazouki, Abdolreza", "Safari, Saeed"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314249", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is no data on patients with severe obesity who developed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after bariatric surgery. Four gastric bypass operations, performed in a 2-week period between Feb 24 and March 4, 2020, in Tehran, Iran, were complicated with COVID-19. The mean age and body mass index were 46\u2009\u00b1\u200912\u00a0years and 49\u2009\u00b1\u20093\u00a0kg/m2. Patients developed their symptoms (fever, cough, dyspnea, and fatigue) 1, 2, 4, and 14\u00a0days after surgery. One patient had unnoticed anosmia 2 days before surgery. Three patients were readmitted in hospital. All 4 patients were treated with hydroxychloroquine. In two patients who required admission in intensive care unit, other off-label therapies including antiretroviral and immunosuppressive agents were also administered. All patients survived. In conclusion, COVID-19 can complicate the postoperative course of patients after bariatric surgery. Correct diagnosis and management in the postoperative setting would be challenging. Timing of infection after surgery in our series would raise the possibility of hospital transmission of COVID-19: from asymptomatic patients at the time of bariatric surgery to the healthcare workers versus acquiring the COVID-19 infection by non-infected patients in the perioperative period."}, {"pmid": 32322401, "pmcid": "PMC7171518", "title": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a pandemic (epidemiology, pathogenesis and potential therapeutics).", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Hamid, Saima", "Mir, Mohammad Yaseen", "Rohela, Gulab Khan"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322401", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is highly pathogenic viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. Currently, COVID-19 has caused global health concern. It is assumed that COVID-19 has zoonotic origin based on the large number of infected people who were exposed to the wet market in Wuhan City, China. The phylogenetic analysis has revealed that SARS-CoV-2 has significant sequence similarity with severe acute respiratory syndrome-like (SARS-like) bat viruses, thus bats could be primary possible reservoir. The intermediate host and there subsequent transfer is not known yet, although human to human transfer is widely confirmed. The transmission of COVID-19 infection from one person to another resulted in the isolation of patients who were subsequently given a variety of treatments. To monitor the current outbreak, robust steps have been taken around the globe to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 infection particularly banning international and domestic flights, inducting lockdowns in vulnerable areas, social distancing etc. No clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine against COVID-19 is reported yet. However, in clinical trials, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs were evaluated against COVID-19 infection which resulted in clinical recovery. In this article emergence and pathogenicity of COVID-19 infection along with potential therapeutic strategies are analyzed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32301766, "pmcid": "PMC7219856", "title": "Cardiovascular Pharmacology in the Time of COVID-19: A Focus on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Pharmacol", "authors": ["Buckley, Leo F", "Cheng, Judy W M", "Desai, Akshay"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301766", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a pandemic affecting millions of adults. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2019 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus of COVID-19, infects host cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Preclinical models suggest that ACE2 upregulation confers protective effects in acute lung injury. In addition, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors reduce adverse atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease outcomes, but may increase ACE2 levels. We review current knowledge of the role of ACE2 in cardiovascular physiology and SARS-CoV-2 virology, as well as clinical data to inform the management of patients with or at risk for COVID-19 who require renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor therapy."}, {"pmid": 32305443, "pmcid": "PMC7161526", "title": "United States Cutaneous Lymphoma Consortium recommendations for treatment of cutaneous lymphomas during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Zic, John A", "Ai, Weiyun", "Akilov, Oleg E", "Carter, Joi B", "Duvic, Madeleine", "Foss, Francine", "Girardi, Michael", "Gru, Alejandro A", "Kim, Ellen", "Musiek, Amy", "Olsen, Elise A", "Schieke, Stefan M", "Shinohara, Michi", "Zain, Jasmine M", "Geskin, Larisa J"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305443", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359867, "pmcid": "PMC7177134", "title": "Impact of gender on extent of lung injury in COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Dangis, A", "De Brucker, N", "Heremans, A", "Gillis, M", "Frans, J", "Demeyere, A", "Symons, R"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359867", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434632, "title": "[Roles of the public-facility-turned temporary hospital in prevention and control of coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China and clinical experience in the hospital].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wen, Chuan", "Tian, Ji-Dong", "Xie, Min", "Xu, Jun-Mei"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434632", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, the public-facility-turned temporary hospital (PFTH) has played an important role in preventing the spread of the epidemic. Wuchang PFTH is the first one to put into clinical practice and the last one suspended in Wuhan. The National Emergency Medical Rescue Team of the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, together with other 13 medical teams (841 medical staff in total), have fulfilled the task for the treatment of non-severe COVID-19 patients, without any medical staff infected. The first author of the article was the only pediatrician working in the Wuchang PFTH. The author describes and summarizes the features/functions, management/operations, and advantages/challenges of the PFTH, in order to provide reference for medical institutions and relevant departments to deal with public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32498749, "title": "Role of pharmacists in COVID-19 disease: a Jordanian perspective.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Abdel Jalil, Mariam H", "Alsous, Mervat M", "Abu Hammour, Khawla", "Saleh, Mais M", "Mousa, Rimal", "Hammad, Eman A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498749", "countries": ["China", "Jordan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel 2019 coronavirus outbreak that first appeared in Wuhan has quickly gained global attention, due to its high transmissibility and devastating clinical and economic outcomes. to assess the possible roles of Jordanian pharmacists in minimizing the stage of community transmission. A cross-sectional survey using Google form targeting Jordanian pharmacists was conducted during March 2020 and distributed electronically via social media. Utilizing the survey tool, we measured the pharmacists' knowledge, the educative activities they perform, and their perceptions regarding undertaking traditional and untraditional roles during the COVID-19 outbreak, as specified by the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP). Collected data were analyzed using SPSS version-19. Jordanian pharmacists (n=449) reported performing various educative activities and in general they were knowledgeable about various aspects of the COVID-19 disease (median knowledge score: 20 (13-25)), but certain gaps in knowledge were detected that must be addressed. Pharmacists had positive perceptions about both their traditional and untraditional roles specified by the FIP, the median perceptions score was 4 (1-5). Jordanian pharmacists can be utilized to reduce community transmission of the outbreak. However, more actions are required to keep pharmacists knowledgeable with recent disease updates to enable them to perform their tasks effectively during times of crisis."}, {"pmid": 32472347, "pmcid": "PMC7257353", "title": "Compliance and Psychological Impact of Quarantine in Children and Adolescents due to Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Saurabh, Kumar", "Ranjan, Shilpi"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472347", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine a cohort of children and adolescents quarantined during Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in India and to describe their understanding of, compliance with and the psychological impact of quarantine experience. One hundred twenty one children and adolescents along with their parents were interviewed regarding their compliance and psychological distress during the quarantine period. A comparable data was also obtained from 131 children and adolescents who were not quarantined. Most of the children and adolescents were non-compliant as compliance with all requirements was low (7.43%), though compliance with community protective measures (17.35%) was better than compliance with household protective measures (10.71%). Quarantined children and adolescents experienced greater psychological distress than non-quarantined children and adolescents (p \u02c20.001). Worry (68.59%), helplessness (66.11%) and fear (61.98%) were the most common feelings experienced under quarantine. The low compliance with quarantine requirements as seen in this study raises a serious concern about the effectiveness of quarantine as a preventive measure of disease transmission. Compliance and mental health problems can be improved by providing adequate financial support and enhanced knowledge about pandemic planning."}, {"pmid": 32393985, "title": "Therapeutic targets and signaling mechanisms of vitamin C activity against sepsis: a bioinformatics study.", "journal": "Brief Bioinform", "authors": ["Li, Rong", "Guo, Chao", "Li, Yu", "Qin, Zuqian", "Huang, Wenjun"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393985", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sepsis is a life-threatening complication of pneumonia, including coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia. Evidence of the benefits of vitamin C (VC) for the treatment of sepsis is accumulating. However, data revealing the targets and molecular mechanisms of VC action against sepsis are limited. In this report, a bioinformatics analysis of network pharmacology was conducted to demonstrate screening targets, biological functions, and the signaling pathways of VC action against sepsis. As shown in network assays, 63 primary causal targets for the VC action against sepsis were identified from the data, and four optimal core targets for the VC action against sepsis were identified. These core targets were epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinase-1 (MAPK1), proto-oncogene c (JUN), and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3). In addition, all biological processes (including a top 20) and signaling pathways (including a top 20) potentially involved in the VC action against sepsis were identified. The hub genes potentially involved in the VC action against sepsis and interlaced networks from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Mapper assays were highlighted. Considering all the bioinformatic findings, we conclude that VC antisepsis effects are mechanistically and pharmacologically implicated with suppression of immune dysfunction-related and inflammation-associated functional processes and other signaling pathways. These primary predictive biotargets may potentially be used to treat sepsis in future clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32224711, "pmcid": "PMC7202105", "title": "COVID-19: one threat, one world, one response (magical thinking).", "journal": "Eur J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Miro, Oscar"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224711", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338731, "title": "Twentieth-Century Lessons for a Modern Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Desai, Angel"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338731", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502645, "pmcid": "PMC7265826", "title": "New onset anosmia and ageusia in adult patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Patel, A", "Charani, E", "Ariyanayagam, D", "Abdulaal, A", "Denny, S J", "Mughal, N", "Moore, L S P"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502645", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We investigated the prevalence of anosmia and ageusia in adult patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of infection with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). This was a retrospective observational analysis of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to hospital or managed in the community and their household contacts across a London population during the period March 1st to April 1st, 2020. Symptomatology and duration were extracted from routinely collected clinical data and follow-up telephone consultations. Descriptive statistics were used. Of 386 patients, 141 (92 community patients, 49 discharged inpatients) were included for analysis; 77/141 (55%) reported anosmia and ageusia, nine reported only ageusia and three only anosmia. The median onset of anosmia in relation to onset of SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) symptoms (as defined by the Public Health England case definition) was 4\u00a0days (interquartile range (IQR) 5). Median duration of anosmia was 8\u00a0days (IQR 16). Median duration of COVID-19 symptoms in community patients was 10\u00a0days (IQR 8) versus 18\u00a0days (IQR 13.5) in admitted patients. As of April 1, 45 patients had ongoing COVID-19 symptoms and/or anosmia; 107/141 (76%) patients had household contacts, and of 185 non-tested household contacts 79 (43%) had COVID-19 symptoms with 46/79 (58%) reporting anosmia. Six household contacts had anosmia only. Over half of the positive patients reported anosmia and ageusia, suggesting that these should be added to the case definition and used to guide self-isolation protocols. This adaptation may be integral to case findings in the absence of population-level testing. Until we have successful population-level vaccination coverage, these steps remain critical in the current and future waves of this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32332911, "title": "Chloroquine hype is derailing the search for coronavirus treatments.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ledford, Heidi"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332911", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508022, "title": "Acute lung injury in patients with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Li, Liyang", "Huang, Qihong", "Wang, Diane C", "Ingbar, David H", "Wang, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508022", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the 2020 Spring Festival in China, the outbreak of a novel coronavirus, named COVID-19 by WHO, brought on a worldwide panic. According to the clinical data of infected patients, radiologic evidence of lung edema is common and deserves clinical attention. Lung edema is a manifestation of acute lung injury (ALI) and may progress to hypoxemia and potentially acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Patients diagnosed with ARDS have poorer prognosis and potentially higher mortality. Although no effective treatment is formally approved for COVID-19 infection, support of ventilation with oxygen therapy and sometimes mechanical ventilation is often required. Treatment with systemic and/or local glucocorticoids might be helpful to alleviate the pulmonary inflammation and edema, which may decrease the development and/or consequences of ARDS. In this article, we focus on the lung edema and ALI of patients with this widely transmitted COVID-19 infection in order to provide clinical indications and potential therapeutic targets for clinicians and researchers."}, {"pmid": 32488763, "pmcid": "PMC7266650", "title": "Targeting the World's Slums as Fat Tails in the Distribution of COVID-19 Cases.", "journal": "J Urban Health", "authors": ["Buckley, Robert M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488763", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent article by Corburn et al. lays out the policies that would help slum communities in the global south deal with COVID-19. That article notes the vulnerabilities of people in these informal settlements and argues that any assistance program must recognize these realities so that the policies do not further jeopardize the survival of large segments of the population of these communities. This note extends the arguments in that paper, focusing on some of the logistic issues involved in providing assistance to informal settlements. It argues that such assistance is essential not only for the help it would provide to people in these settlements but also because the residents of these communities should be key targets of assistance. Because of the location and occupation of most of the residents of these communities, targeting them simultaneously addresses health and economy-wide concerns generated by COVID-19. Their characteristics make them much more likely to be afflicted by the virus and spread it to others. The main conclusions of this note with respect to policy are that the scale of such assistance is likely to be larger than has so far been proposed, that in countries with limited testing ability slums provide one of the most effective places to target assistance, that the role of community groups in providing the assistance is difficult to exaggerate, and that philanthropy has a role to play in supporting innovation."}, {"pmid": 32342140, "pmcid": "PMC7185264", "title": "Returning to orthopaedic business as usual after COVID-19: strategies and options.", "journal": "Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc", "authors": ["de Caro, Francesca", "Hirschmann, Thomas Michael", "Verdonk, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this manuscript is to review the available strategies in the international literature to efficiently and safely return to both normal orthopaedic surgical activities and to normal outpatient clinical activities in the aftermath of a large epidemic or pandemic. This information would be beneficial to adequately reorganize outpatient clinics and hospitals to provide the highest possible level of orthopaedic care to our patients in a safe and efficient manner. A literature search was performed for relevant research articles. In addition, the World Health Organisation (WHO), the US Centers for Disease Control (CDC), American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), the EU CDC and other government health agency websites were searched for any relevant information. In particular, interest was paid to strategies and advise on managing the orthopaedic patient flow during outpatient clinics as well as surgical procedures including the necessary safety measures, while still providing a high-quality patient experience. The obtained information is provided as a narrative review. There was not any specific literature concerning the organization of an outpatient clinic and surgical activities and the particular challenges in dealing with a high-volume practice, in the afterwave of a pandemic. As the COVID-19 crisis has abruptly halted most of the orthopaedic activities both in the outpatient clinic and the operating room, a progressive start-up scenario needs to be planned. The exact timing largely depends on factors outside of our control. After restrictions will be lifted, clinical and surgical volume will progressively increase. This paper offers key points and possible strategies to provide the highest level of safety to both the orthopaedic patient and the orthopaedic team including administrative staff and nurses, during the start-up phase. Review, Level V."}, {"pmid": 32270500, "pmcid": "PMC7262090", "title": "Four cases from a family cluster were diagnosed as COVID-19 after 14-day of quarantine period.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Dexiong", "Li, Yueping", "Deng, Xilong", "Huang, Huanliang", "Ou, Xueting", "Lin, Yuebao", "Pan, Xingfei", "Lei, Chunliang"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270500", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32182724, "pmcid": "PMC7150940", "title": "Understanding Unreported Cases in the COVID-19 Epidemic Outbreak in Wuhan, China, and the Importance of Major Public Health Interventions.", "journal": "Biology (Basel)", "authors": ["Liu, Zhihua", "Magal, Pierre", "Seydi, Ousmane", "Webb, Glenn"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32182724", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We develop a mathematical model to provide epidemic predictions for the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China. We use reported case data up to 31 January 2020 from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Wuhan Municipal Health Commission to parameterize the model. From the parameterized model, we identify the number of unreported cases. We then use the model to project the epidemic forward with varying levels of public health interventions. The model predictions emphasize the importance of major public health interventions in controlling COVID-19 epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32336686, "title": "Do Not Neglect the Children: Considerations for COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Naseri, Amirreza", "Hosseini, Mohammad-Salar"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336686", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518987, "title": "Early chest CT features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia: relationship to diagnosis and prognosis.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Chen, Hui Juan", "Qiu, Jie", "Wu, Biao", "Huang, Tao", "Gao, Yunsuo", "Wang, Zhen Ping", "Chen, Yang", "Chen, Feng"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518987", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the consistency between CT findings and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and to investigate the relationship between CT features and clinical prognosis in COVID-19. The clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, and CT imaging findings were analyzed in 34 COVID-19 patients, confirmed by RT-PCR from January 20 to February 4 in Hainan Province. CT scores were compared between the discharged patients and the ICU patients. Fever (85%) and cough (79%) were most commonly seen. Ten (29%) patients demonstrated negative results on their first RT-PCR. Of the 34 (65%) patients, 22 showed pure ground-glass opacity. Of the 34 (50%) patients, 17 had five lobes of lung involvement, while the 23 (68%) patients had lower lobe involvement. The lesions of 24 (71%) patients were distributed mainly in the subpleural area. The initial CT lesions of ICU patients were distributed in both the subpleural area and centro-parenchyma (80%), and the lesions were scattered. Sixty percent of ICU patients had five lobes involved, while this was seen in only 25% of the discharged patients. The lesions of discharged patients were mainly in the subpleural area (75%). Of the discharged patients, 62.5% showed pure ground-glass opacities; 80% of the ICU patients were in the progressive stage, and 75% of the discharged patients were at an early stage. CT scores of the ICU patients were significantly higher than those of the discharged patients. Chest CT plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis of COVID-19, particularly for those patients with a negative RT-PCR. The initial features in CT may be associated with prognosis. \u2022 Chest CT is valuable for the early diagnosis of COVID-19, particularly for those patients with a negative RT-PCR. \u2022 The early CT findings of COVID-19 in ICU patients differed from those of discharged patients."}, {"pmid": 32467022, "pmcid": "PMC7200351", "title": "Cardiac surgery and the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: What we know, what we do not know, and what we need to do.", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Bakaeen, Faisal G", "Gillinov, A Marc", "Roselli, Eric E", "Chikwe, Joanna", "Moon, Marc R", "Adams, David H", "Coselli, Joseph S", "Dearani, Joseph A", "Svensson, Lars G"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467022", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427341, "title": "COVID-19 Worries and Behavior Changes in Older and Younger Men and Women.", "journal": "J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci", "authors": ["Barber, Sarah J", "Kim, Hyunji"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427341", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The case fatality rate of COVID-19 is higher amongst older adults than younger adults and is also higher amongst men than women. However, worry, which is a key motivator of behavioral health changes, occurs less frequently for older than younger adults, and less frequently for men than women. Building on this, we tested whether older adults - and particularly older men -- would report the least amount of COVID-19 worry and also fewer COVID-19 behavior changes. From March 23-31, 2020, we administered an online questionnaire assessing COVID-19 perceptions, worries, and behavior changes. Participants were a convenience sample of United States residents, who were community-dwelling younger adults (18-35) or older adults (65 to 81). Analyses included 146 younger adults (68 men, 78 women) and 156 older adults (82 men, 74 women). Participants was predominately White, living in suburban/urban areas, and had completed some college. During the early phase of the outbreak in the United States, older adults perceived the risks of COVID-19 to be higher than did younger adults. Despite this, older men were comparatively less worried about COVID-19 than their younger counterparts. Compared to the other participants, older men had also implemented the fewest behavior changes. Interventions are needed to increase COVID-19 behavior changes in older men. These results also highlight the importance of understanding emotional-responses to COVID-19, as these are predictive of their behavioral responses."}, {"pmid": 32513776, "title": "COVID-19 Delays Cancer Screenings.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513776", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In recent months, the COVID-19 pandemic has caused many institutions to pause routine cancer screenings-delays that may not be problematic for patients but can create challenges for healthcare providers."}, {"pmid": 32442035, "title": "Ventilation Techniques and Risk for Transmission of Coronavirus Disease, Including COVID-19: A Living Systematic Review of Multiple Streams of Evidence.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Schunemann, Holger J", "Khabsa, Joanne", "Solo, Karla", "Khamis, Assem M", "Brignardello-Petersen, Romina", "El-Harakeh, Amena", "Darzi, Andrea", "Hajizadeh, Anisa", "Bognanni, Antonio", "Bak, Anna", "Izcovich, Ariel", "Cuello-Garcia, Carlos A", "Chen, Chen", "Borowiack, Ewa", "Chamseddine, Fatimah", "Schunemann, Finn", "Morgano, Gian Paolo", "Muti-Schunemann, Giovanna E U", "Chen, Guang", "Zhao, Hong", "Neumann, Ignacio", "Brozek, Jan", "Schmidt, Joel", "Hneiny, Layal", "Harrison, Leila", "Reinap, Marge", "Junek, Mats", "Santesso, Nancy", "El-Khoury, Rayane", "Thomas, Rebecca", "Nieuwlaat, Robby", "Stalteri, Rosa", "Yaacoub, Sally", "Lotfi, Tamara", "Baldeh, Tejan", "Piggott, Thomas", "Zhang, Yuan", "Saad, Zahra", "Rochwerg, Bram", "Perri, Dan", "Fan, Eddy", "Stehling, Florian", "Akl, Imad Bou", "Loeb, Mark", "Garner, Paul", "Aston, Stephen", "Alhazzani, Waleed", "Szczeklik, Wojciech", "Chu, Derek K", "Akl, Elie A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442035", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mechanical ventilation is used to treat respiratory failure in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To review multiple streams of evidence regarding the benefits and harms of ventilation techniques for coronavirus infections, including that causing COVID-19. (PROSPERO registration: CRD42020178187). 21 standard, World Health Organization-specific and COVID-19-specific databases, without language restrictions, until 1 May 2020. Studies of any design and language comparing different oxygenation approaches in patients with coronavirus infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), or with hypoxemic respiratory failure. Animal, mechanistic, laboratory, and preclinical evidence was gathered regarding aerosol dispersion of coronavirus. Studies evaluating risk for virus transmission to health care workers from aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) were included. Independent and duplicate screening, data abstraction, and risk of bias assessment (GRADE for certainty of evidence and AMSTAR 2 for included systematic reviews). 123 studies were eligible (45 on COVID-19, 70 on SARS, 8 on MERS), but only 5 studies (1 on COVID-19, 3 on SARS, 1 on MERS) adjusted for important confounders. A study in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 reported slightly higher mortality with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) than with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), but 2 opposing studies, 1 in patients with MERS and 1 in patients with SARS, suggest a reduction in mortality with NIV (very low-certainty evidence). Two studies in patients with SARS report a reduction in mortality with NIV compared with no mechanical ventilation (low-certainty evidence). Two systematic reviews suggest a large reduction in mortality with NIV compared with conventional oxygen therapy. Other included studies suggest increased odds of transmission from AGPs. Direct studies in COVID-19 are limited and poorly reported. Indirect and low-certainty evidence suggests that use of NIV, similar to IMV, probably reduces mortality but may increase the risk for transmission of COVID-19 to health care workers. World Health Organization."}, {"pmid": 32303672, "pmcid": "PMC7163165", "title": "COVID-19 tsunami: the first case of a spinal cord injury patient in Italy.", "journal": "Spinal Cord Ser Cases", "authors": ["Righi, Gabriele", "Del Popolo, Giulio"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303672", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present the report of the first, to our best knowledge, case of COVID-19 in a tetraplegic person. A 56-year-old male with AIS A C4 tetraplegia developed fever during the night, without any prodrome. His general practitioner suspected a urinary tract infection and prescribed him antibiotic therapy. After 2 days of antibiotic therapy the fever still persisted, so the individual was admitted to the local hospital and treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. After 2 days he was transferred to our spinal unit. Considering the worsening of the chest X-ray and fever despite 48\u2009h of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, we strongly suspected viral pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 was detected and antiviral therapy with Lopinavir/Ritonavir, associated with hydroxychloroquine, was promptly started. Fever ceased after 2 days of therapy. Blood test and chest X-ray findings in this patient were similar to previously published findings regarding COVID-19. One difference between this case and the known clinical course of COVID-19 is that did not develop cough. Another interesting feature of our case is that, despite tetraplegia, the clinical course was not severe. Persons with COVID-19 remain asymptomatic, these results underscore the need for rehabilitation and SCI professionals to have a high index of suspicion for COVID-19 in their inpatient and outpatient clients. Only inpatient with fever hase being tested for COVID-19. All new patients are submitted to SARS-COV-2 Test. Moreover, routine testing of patients who have to participate in therapy in common gym areas may be warranted."}, {"pmid": 32099717, "pmcid": "PMC7031769", "title": "Should, and how can, exercise be done during a coronavirus outbreak? An interview with Dr. Jeffrey A. Woods.", "journal": "J Sport Health Sci", "authors": ["Zhu, Weimo"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32099717", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502830, "pmcid": "PMC7254004", "title": "Psychological and coping responses to COVID-19 amongst residents in training across ACGME-I accredited specialties in Singapore.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Chew, Qian Hui", "Chia, Faith Li-Ann", "Ng, Wee Khoon", "Lee, Wan Cheong Ivan", "Tan, Pei Lin Lynnette", "Wong, Chen Seong", "Puah, Ser Hon", "Shelat, Vishalkumar G", "Seah, Ee-Jin Darren", "Huey, Cheong Wei Terence", "Phua, Eng Joo", "Sim, Kang"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502830", "countries": ["Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470547, "pmcid": "PMC7250789", "title": "Targeting Neprilysin (NEP) pathways: A potential new hope to defeat COVID-19 ghost.", "journal": "Biochem Pharmacol", "authors": ["Mohammed El Tabaa, Manar", "Mohammed El Tabaa, Maram"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470547", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an ongoing viral pandemic disease that is caused by SARS-CoV2, inducing severe pneumonia in humans. However, several classes of repurposed drugs have been recommended, no specific vaccines or effective therapeutic interventions for COVID-19 are developed till now. Viral dependence on ACE-2, as entry receptors, drove the researchers into RAS impact on COVID-19 pathogenesis. Several evidences have pointed at Neprilysin (NEP) as one of pulmonary RAS components. Considering the protective effect of NEP against pulmonary inflammatory reactions and fibrosis, it is suggested to direct the future efforts towards its potential role in COVID-19 pathophysiology. Thus, the review aimed to shed light on the potential beneficial effects of NEP pathways as a novel target for COVID-19 therapy by summarizing its possible molecular mechanisms. Additional experimental and clinical studies explaining more the relationships between NEP and COVID-19 will greatly benefit in designing the future treatment approaches."}, {"pmid": 32250460, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders.", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Papa, Stella M", "Brundin, Patrik", "Fung, Victor S C", "Kang, Un Jung", "Burn, David J", "Colosimo, Carlo", "Chiang, Han-Lin", "Alcalay, Roy N", "Trenkwalder, Claudia"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250460", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213480, "title": "Covid-19: how to be careful with trust and expertise on social media.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Llewellyn, Sue"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213480", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520283, "title": "Epidemiology, social sciences and health policies in the fight against COVID-19.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Silva, Antonio Augusto Moura da", "Minayo, Maria Cecilia de Souza", "Gomes, Romeu"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520283", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270532, "pmcid": "PMC7262087", "title": "Letter from China.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["Guan, Wei-Jie", "Zhong, Nan-Shan"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270532", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336565, "pmcid": "PMC7270581", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Lung Cancer: Current Clinical Context.", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Isea de la Vina, Jesus", "Ortega Granados, Ana Laura", "Alcazar-Navarrete, Bernardino"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336565", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327719, "pmcid": "PMC7187144", "title": "Complement as a target in COVID-19?", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Risitano, Antonio M", "Mastellos, Dimitrios C", "Huber-Lang, Markus", "Yancopoulou, Despina", "Garlanda, Cecilia", "Ciceri, Fabio", "Lambris, John D"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327719", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474034, "pmcid": "PMC7256595", "title": "Chronic conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs masking severe SARS-CoV-2 manifestations in an elderly rheumatic patient.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Sagnelli, Caterina", "Gentile, Valeria", "Tirri, Rosella", "Macera, Margherita", "Cappabianca, Salvatore", "Ciccia, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474034", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422204, "pmcid": "PMC7228715", "title": "Risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 among patients in the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre primary care network: a cross-sectional study.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["de Lusignan, Simon", "Dorward, Jienchi", "Correa, Ana", "Jones, Nicholas", "Akinyemi, Oluwafunmi", "Amirthalingam, Gayatri", "Andrews, Nick", "Byford, Rachel", "Dabrera, Gavin", "Elliot, Alex", "Ellis, Joanna", "Ferreira, Filipa", "Lopez Bernal, Jamie", "Okusi, Cecilia", "Ramsay, Mary", "Sherlock, Julian", "Smith, Gillian", "Williams, John", "Howsam, Gary", "Zambon, Maria", "Joy, Mark", "Hobbs, F D Richard"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422204", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are few primary care studies of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to identify demographic and clinical risk factors for testing positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within the Oxford Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre primary care network. We analysed routinely collected, pseudonymised data for patients in the RCGP Research and Surveillance Centre primary care sentinel network who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 between Jan 28 and April 4, 2020. We used multivariable logistic regression models with multiple imputation to identify risk factors for positive SARS-CoV-2 tests within this surveillance network. We identified 3802 SARS-CoV-2 test results, of which 587 were positive. In multivariable analysis, male sex was independently associated with testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 (296 [18\u00b74%] of 1612 men vs 291 [13\u00b73%] of 2190 women; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1\u00b755, 95% CI 1\u00b727-1\u00b789). Adults were at increased risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 compared with children, and people aged 40-64 years were at greatest risk in the multivariable model (243 [18\u00b75%] of 1316 adults aged 40-64 years vs 23 [4\u00b76%] of 499 children; adjusted OR 5\u00b736, 95% CI 3\u00b728-8\u00b776). Compared with white people, the adjusted odds of a positive test were greater in black people (388 [15\u00b75%] of 2497 white people vs 36 [62\u00b71%] of 58 black people; adjusted OR 4\u00b775, 95% CI 2\u00b765-8\u00b751). People living in urban areas versus rural areas (476 [26\u00b72%] of 1816 in urban areas vs 111 [5\u00b76%] of 1986 in rural areas; adjusted OR 4\u00b759, 95% CI 3\u00b757-5\u00b790) and in more deprived areas (197 [29\u00b75%] of 668 in most deprived vs 143 [7\u00b77%] of 1855 in least deprived; adjusted OR 2\u00b703, 95% CI 1\u00b751-2\u00b771) were more likely to test positive. People with chronic kidney disease were more likely to test positive in the adjusted analysis (68 [32\u00b79%] of 207 with chronic kidney disease vs 519 [14\u00b74%] of 3595 without; adjusted OR 1\u00b791, 95% CI 1\u00b731-2\u00b778), but there was no significant association with other chronic conditions in that analysis. We found increased odds of a positive test among people who are obese (142 [20\u00b79%] of 680 people with obesity vs 171 [13\u00b72%] of 1296 normal-weight people; adjusted OR 1\u00b741, 95% CI 1\u00b704-1\u00b791). Notably, active smoking was linked with decreased odds of a positive test result (47 [11\u00b74%] of 413 active smokers vs 201 [17\u00b79%] of 1125 non-smokers; adjusted OR 0\u00b749, 95% CI 0\u00b734-0\u00b771). A positive SARS-CoV-2 test result in this primary care cohort was associated with similar risk factors as observed for severe outcomes of COVID-19 in hospital settings, except for smoking. We provide evidence of potential sociodemographic factors associated with a positive test, including deprivation, population density, ethnicity, and chronic kidney disease. Wellcome Trust."}, {"pmid": 32232213, "pmcid": "PMC7085938", "title": "Daily Situation Report on Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran; March 13, 2020.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232213", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293817, "title": "Rehabilitation and respiratory management in the acute and early post-acute phase. \"Instant paper from the field\" on rehabilitation answers to the Covid-19 emergency.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Kiekens, Carlotte", "Boldrini, Paolo", "Andreoli, Arnaldo", "Avesani, Renato", "Gamna, Federica", "Grandi, Maurizio", "Lombardi, Francesco", "Lusuardi, Mirco", "Molteni, Franco", "Perboni, Alberto", "Negrini, Stefano"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293817", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 is a respiratory infectious disease that can cause respiratory, physical and psychological long-term dysfunctions in patients. First recommendations on respiratory management were published, but they were not based on the specific needs due to Covid-19. In this paper we share the early experiences from the clinical field in Northern Italy, where the epidemic started in February. This paper summarizes the second webinar on Covid-19 (230 live attendees, 11,600 viewers of the recorded version) organized by the Italian Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine about rehabilitation and in particular respiratory management in the acute (Intensive Care Unit - ICU) and immediate post-acute phases. There is the need to prepare for the post-acute phase. ICU length of stay is relatively long, with immobilisation in prone position. Some specific problems are described, including severe muscle weakness and fatigue, joint stiffness, dysphagia, (neuro)psychological problems, impaired functioning concerning mobility, activities of daily life and work. A lot is yet unknown and patients can experience long-term consequences as we know from the literature on the post-intensive care syndrome, but Covid-19 has unique features to be investigated and understood. As one colleague stated during the Covinar: this is a marathon, not a sprint\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32325767, "pmcid": "PMC7215413", "title": "COVID-19 Drug Discovery Using Intensive Approaches.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Asai, Ayumu", "Konno, Masamitsu", "Ozaki, Miyuki", "Otsuka, Chihiro", "Vecchione, Andrea", "Arai, Takahiro", "Kitagawa, Toru", "Ofusa, Ken", "Yabumoto, Masami", "Hirotsu, Takaaki", "Taniguchi, Masateru", "Eguchi, Hidetoshi", "Doki, Yuichiro", "Ishii, Hideshi"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325767", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in China during December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread on a global scale, causing the World Health Organization (WHO) to issue a warning. While novel vaccines and drugs that target SARS-CoV-2 are under development, this review provides information on therapeutics which are under clinical trials or are proposed to antagonize SARS-CoV-2. Based on the information gained from the responses to other RNA coronaviruses, including the strains that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronaviruses and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), drug repurposing might be a viable strategy. Since several antiviral therapies can inhibit viral replication cycles or relieve symptoms, mechanisms unique to RNA viruses will be important for the clinical development of antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. Given that several currently marketed drugs may be efficient therapeutic agents for severe COVID-19 cases, they may be beneficial for future viral pandemics and other infections caused by RNA viruses when standard treatments are unavailable."}, {"pmid": 32307955, "title": "[COVID-19, THE KIDNEY AND HYPERTENSION].", "journal": "Harefuah", "authors": ["Angel-Korman, Avital", "Brosh, Tal", "Glick, Karina", "Leiba, Adi"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307955", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, is a new corona virus of the Beta Coronavirus genus which originated in bats. The virus first emerged in China in December 2019 and has rapidly spread since to other areas worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has therefore recently declared it as the source of a pandemic. The disease caused by the virus manifests in most cases as a lower respiratory tract infection leading to fever, cough and dyspnea, while more severe cases can led to respiratory failure and/or multi organ failure. COVID-19 enters the human cell using the ACE2, an enzyme abundant in renal tubular epithelial cells. Theoretically, this may be significant in several ways: acute kidney injury (AKI) as well as proteinuria and/or microhematuria could be associated with the penetration of COVID-19 into the cells. Moreover, medications based on RAAS inhibition, such and ACE inhibitors and ARBs, upregulate the enzyme ACE2 and could therefore hypothetically explain the high prevalence of hypertension and diabetes reported as previous diagnoses in severe cases. In the setting of chronic kidney disease, the risk of infection with COVID-19 is not clear at this time. However, hemodialysis patients represent a unique group of patients, mostly elderly and immunocompromised, for whom dialysis is a life-saving treatment which cannot be stopped. Hence, the COVID-19 pandemic has presented a complex medical and logistic challenge for the medical staff in hospital and community based dialysis units."}, {"pmid": 32360055, "pmcid": "PMC7174166", "title": "Suggestions for the care of patients with liver disease during the Coronavirus 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Ganne-Carrie, Nathalie", "Fontaine, Helene", "Dumortier, Jerome", "Boursier, Jerome", "Bureau, Christophe", "Leroy, Vincent", "Bourliere, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360055", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This document, written by the French Association for the Study of the Liver (AFEF) board, aims to provide information to physicians involved in the care of patients with liver disease during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic. These are not based on a systematic review of the literature and a rigorous evaluation using the GRADE method. These are recommendations based on feedback from China available in the form of original articles or letters - for which the scientific evidence is often modest - and the rules put forward by American (1) and European (Boettler et al, 2020) hepatology societies, the French National Digestive Cancer Thesaurus (Di Fiore et al., 2020) and the Francophone Transplantation Society (4). These suggestions require adjustment according to the geographical particularities of the epidemic, available standard procedures and access to local resources. This document will be updated as regularly as possible according to the evolution of our knowledge and characteristics on the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32512291, "title": "Rationale and design of the PRAETORIAN-COVID trial: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial with valsartan for PRevention of Acute rEspiraTORy dIstress syndrome in hospitAlized patieNts with SARS-COV-2 Infection Disease.", "journal": "Am Heart J", "authors": ["Gommans, D H Frank", "Nas, Joris", "Pinto-Sietsma, Sara-Joan", "Koop, Yvonne", "Konst, Regina E", "Mensink, Frans", "Aarts, Goaris W A", "Konijnenberg, Lara S F", "Cortenbach, Kimberley", "Verhaert, Dominique V M", "Thannhauser, Jos", "Mol, Jan-Quinten", "Rooijakkers, Maxim J P", "Vos, Jacqueline L", "van Rumund, Anouke", "Vart, Priya", "Hassing, Robert-Jan", "Cornel, Jan-Hein", "de Jager, C Peter C", "van den Heuvel, Michel M", "van der Hoeven, Hans G", "Verbon, Annelies", "Pinto, Yigal M", "van Royen, Niels", "van Kimmenade, Roland R J", "de Leeuw, Peter W", "van Agtmael, Michiel A", "Bresser, Paul", "van Gilst, Wiek H", "Vonk-Noordergraaf, Anton", "Tijssen, Jan G P", "van Royen, Niels", "de Jager, C Peter C", "van den Heuvel, Michel M", "van der Hoeven, Hans G", "Verbon, Annelies", "Pinto, Yigal M", "van Kimmenade, Roland R J"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512291", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is much debate on the use of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients. Although it has been suggested that ARBs might lead to a higher susceptibility and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, experimental data suggest that ARBs may reduce acute lung injury via blocking angiotensin-II-mediated pulmonary permeability, inflammation, and fibrosis. However, despite these hypotheses, specific studies on ARBs in SARS-CoV-2 patients are lacking. METHODS: The PRAETORIAN-COVID trial is a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled 1:1 randomized clinical trial in adult hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected patients (n = 651). The primary aim is to investigate the effect of the ARB valsartan compared to placebo on the composite end point of admission to an intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, or death within 14 days of randomization. The active-treatment arm will receive valsartan in a dosage titrated to blood pressure up to a maximum of 160 mg bid, and the placebo arm will receive matching placebo. Treatment duration will be 14 days, or until the occurrence of the primary end point or until hospital discharge, if either of these occurs within 14 days. The trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04335786, 2020). SUMMARY: The PRAETORIAN-COVID trial is a double-blind, placebo-controlled 1:1 randomized trial to assess the effect of valsartan compared to placebo on the occurrence of ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and death in hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. The results of this study might impact the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 patients globally."}, {"pmid": 32418350, "title": "Pivoting Research to COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Neurol", "authors": ["Landsness, Eric C", "Agner, Shannon C", "Bettegowda, Chetan", "McArthur, Justin C"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418350", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391411, "pmcid": "PMC7206440", "title": "Survey data of COVID-19-related Knowledge, Risk Perceptions and Precautionary Behavior among Nigerians.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Olapegba, Peter O", "Ayandele, Olusola"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391411", "countries": ["Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the global call for strategic information to understand the novel coronavirus, the dataset presented in this paper is an examination of COVID-19-related knowledge, risk perceptions and precautionary health behavior among Nigerians. The data were generated during the COVID-19 lockdown in the country through a survey distributed via an online questionnaire, assessing socio-demographic information (7 items), knowledge (5 items), information sources (1 item), risk perception (9 items), expected end of lockdown (1 item), and COVID-19 precautionary health behavior (10 items), from 28th March to 4th April, 2020, gathering a total of 1,357 responses. A combination of purposive and snowball techniques helped to select the respondents via Whatsapp and Facebook from 180 cities/towns in the 6 geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The survey data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The entire dataset is stored in a Microsoft Excel Worksheet (xlsx) and the questionnaire is attached as a supplementary file. The data will assist in curbing the Coronavirus pandemic by offering evidence for strategic and targeted interventions as well as health policy formulations and implementation."}, {"pmid": 32174267, "pmcid": "PMC7144283", "title": "Era of molecular diagnosis for pathogen identification of unexplained pneumonia, lessons to be learned.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Ai, Jing-Wen", "Zhang, Yi", "Zhang, Hao-Cheng", "Xu, Teng", "Zhang, Wen-Hong"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174267", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Unexplained pneumonia (UP) caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) emerged in China in late December 2019 and has infected more than 9000 cases by 31 January 2020. Shanghai reported the first imported case of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) in 20 January 2020. A combinative approach of real-time RT-PCR, CRISPR-based assay and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) were used to diagnose this unexplained pneumonia patient. Real-time RT-PCR and CRISPR-based assay both reported positive. This sample belonged to Betacoronavirus and shared a more than 99% nucleotide (nt) identity with the Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 isolates. We further compared pros and cons of common molecular diagnostics in UP. In this study, we illustrated the importance of combining molecular diagnostics to rule out common pathogens and performed mNGS to obtain unbiased potential pathogen result for the diagnosis of UP."}, {"pmid": 32422065, "pmcid": "PMC7236891", "title": "Pharmacokinetics of Lopinavir and Ritonavir in Patients Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Schoergenhofer, Christian", "Jilma, Bernd", "Stimpfl, Thomas", "Karolyi, Mario", "Zoufaly, Alexander"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422065", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426752, "pmcid": "PMC7188427", "title": "A Conceptual and Adaptable Approach to Hospital Preparedness for Acute Surge Events Due to Emerging Infectious Diseases.", "journal": "Crit Care Explor", "authors": ["Anesi, George L", "Lynch, Ylinne", "Evans, Laura"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the time this article was written, the World Health Organization had declared a global pandemic due to the novel coronavirus disease 2019, the first pandemic since 2009 H1N1 influenza A. Emerging respiratory pathogens are a common trigger of acute surge events-the extreme end of the healthcare capacity strain spectrum in which there is a dramatic increase in care demands and/or decreases in care resources that trigger deviations from normal care delivery processes, reliance on contingencies and external resources, and, in the most extreme cases, nonroutine decisions about resource allocation. This article provides as follows: 1) a conceptual introduction and approach to healthcare capacity strain including the etiologies of patient volume, patient acuity, special patient care demands, and resource reduction; 2) a framework for considering key resources during an acute surge event-the \"four Ss\" of preparedness: space (beds), staff (clinicians and operations), stuff (physical equipment), and system (coordination); and 3) an adaptable approach to and discussion of the most common domains that should be addressed during preparation for and response to acute surge events, with an eye toward combating novel respiratory viral pathogens."}, {"pmid": 32166940, "title": "[2019 novel coronavirus, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and cardiovascular drugs].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Shi, H Z", "Ma, P", "Gao, F Y", "Chen, G L", "Yu, Y H", "Wang, X D", "Xian, E D", "Dong, Erdan"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32166940", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373392, "pmcid": "PMC7198185", "title": "Recommendations for prevention and management of COVID-19 in peritoneal dialysis patients.", "journal": "Chronic Dis Transl Med", "authors": ["Lai, Xue-Li", "Wang, Hai-Yan", "Guo, Zhi-Yong"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373392", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427600, "pmcid": "PMC7268832", "title": "Interpreting the COVID-19 Test Results: a Guide for Physiatrists.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Chang, Min Cheol", "Hur, Jian", "Park, Donghwi"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427600", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420305, "pmcid": "PMC7211518", "title": "COVID-19 managed with early non-invasive ventilation and a bundle pharmacotherapy: A case report.", "journal": "World J Clin Cases", "authors": ["Peng, Mian", "Ren, Di", "Liu, Xue-Yan", "Li, Jin-Xiu", "Chen, Rong-Lin", "Yu, Bao-Jun", "Liu, Yong-Feng", "Meng, Xi", "Lyu, Yan-Si"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420305", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become an immense public health burden, first in China and subsequently worldwide. Developing effective control measures for COVID-19, especially measures that can halt the worsening of severe cases to a critical status is of urgent importance. A 52-year-old woman presented with a high fever (38.8 \u00b0C), chills, dizziness, and weakness. Epidemiologically, she had not been to Wuhan where COVID-19 emerged and did not have a family history of a disease cluster. A blood test yielded a white blood cell count of 4.41 \u00d7 109/L (60.6 \u00b1 2.67% neutrophils and 30.4 \u00b1 1.34% lymphocytes). Chest imaging revealed bilateral ground-glass lung changes. Based on a positive nasopharyngeal swab nucleic acid test result and clinical characteristics, the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19. Following treatment with early non-invasive ventilation and a bundle pharmacotherapy, she recovered with a good outcome. Early non-invasive ventilation with a bundle pharmacotherapy may be an effective treatment regimen for the broader population of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32429006, "pmcid": "PMC7272805", "title": "Mental health participation in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Depress Anxiety", "authors": ["Stein, Murray B"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429006", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391986, "title": "Association of COVID-19 With Intimate Partner Violence.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Yahya, Ahmed Saeed", "Khawaja, Shakil", "Chukwuma, Jude"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391986", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509940, "pmcid": "PMC7258812", "title": "Dataset of Vietnamese teachers' perspectives and perceived support during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Vu, Cam-Tu", "Hoang, Anh-Duc", "Than, Van-Quan", "Nguyen, Manh-Tuan", "Dinh, Viet-Hung", "Le, Quynh-Anh Thi", "Le, Thu-Trang Thi", "Pham, Hiep-Hung", "Nguyen, Yen-Chi"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509940", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented damage to the educational system worldwide. Besides the measurable economic impacts in the short-term and long-term, there is intangible destruction within educational institutions. In particular, teachers - the most critical intellectual resources of any schools - have to face various types of financial, physical, and mental struggles due to COVID-19. To capture the current context of more than one million Vietnamese teachers during COVID-19, we distributed an e-survey to more than 2,500 randomly selected teachers from two major teacher communities on Facebook from 6th to 11th April 2020. From over 373 responses, we excluded the observations which violated our cross-check questions and retained 294 observations for further analysis. This dataset includes: (i) Demographics of participants; (ii) Teachers' perspectives regarding the operation of teaching activities during the pandemic; (iii) Teachers' received support from their schools, government bodies, other stakeholders such as teacher unions, and parents' associations; and (iv) teachers' evaluation of school readiness toward digital transformation. Further, the dataset was supplemented with an additional question on the teachers' primary source of professional development activities during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32485894, "title": "In Silico Evaluation of the Effectivity of Approved Protease Inhibitors against the Main Protease of the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Virus.", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Eleftheriou, Phaedra", "Amanatidou, Dionysia", "Petrou, Anthi", "Geronikaki, Athina"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485894", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease, COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which first emerged in Wuhan, China and was made known to the World in December 2019 turned into a pandemic causing more than 126,124 deaths worldwide up to April 16th, 2020. It has 79.5% sequence identity with SARS-CoV-1 and the same strategy for host cell invasion through the ACE-2 surface protein. Since the development of novel drugs is a long-lasting process, researchers look for effective substances among drugs already approved or developed for other purposes. The 3D structure of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease was compared with the 3D structures of seven proteases, which are drug targets, and docking analysis to the SARS-CoV-2 protease structure of thirty four approved and on-trial protease inhibitors was performed. Increased 3D structural similarity between the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, the HCV protease and \u03b1-thrombin was found. According to docking analysis the most promising results were found for HCV protease, DPP-4, \u03b1-thrombin and coagulation Factor Xa known inhibitors, with several of them exhibiting estimated free binding energy lower than -8.00 kcal/mol and better prediction results than reference compounds. Since some of the compounds are well-tolerated drugs, the promising in silico results may warrant further evaluation for viral anticipation. DPP-4 inhibitors with anti-viral action may be more useful for infected patients with diabetes, while anti-coagulant treatment is proposed in severe SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32251729, "pmcid": "PMC7194546", "title": "The Greek study in the effects of colchicine in COvid-19 complications prevention (GRECCO-19 study): Rationale and study design.", "journal": "Hellenic J Cardiol", "authors": ["Deftereos, Spyridon G", "Siasos, Gerasimos", "Giannopoulos, Georgios", "Vrachatis, Dimitrios A", "Angelidis, Christos", "Giotaki, Sotiria G", "Gargalianos, Panagiotis", "Giamarellou, Helen", "Gogos, Charalampos", "Daikos, Georgios", "Lazanas, Marios", "Lagiou, Pagona", "Saroglou, Georgios", "Sipsas, Nikolaos", "Tsiodras, Sotirios", "Chatzigeorgiou, Dimitrios", "Moussas, Nikolaos", "Kotanidou, Anastasia", "Koulouris, Nikolaos", "Oikonomou, Evangelos", "Kaoukis, Andreas", "Kossyvakis, Charalampos", "Raisakis, Konstantinos", "Fountoulaki, Katerina", "Comis, Mihalis", "Tsiachris, Dimitrios", "Sarri, Eleni", "Theodorakis, Andreas", "Martinez-Dolz, Luis", "Sanz-Sanchez, Jorge", "Reimers, Bernhard", "Stefanini, Giulio G", "Cleman, Michael", "Filippou, Dimitrios", "Olympios, Christoforos D", "Pyrgakis, Vlasios N", "Goudevenos, John", "Hahalis, George", "Kolettis, Theofilos M", "Iliodromitis, Efstathios", "Tousoulis, Dimitrios", "Stefanadis, Christodoulos"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251729", "countries": ["Greece"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Colchicine has been utilized safely in a variety of cardiovascular clinical conditions. Among its potential mechanisms of action is the non-selective inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome which is thought to be a major pathophysiologic component in the clinical course of patients with COVID-19. GRECCO-19 will be a prospective, randomized, open-labeled, controlled study to assess the effects of colchicine in COVID-19 complications prevention. Patients with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (under RT PCR) and clinical picture that involves temperature >37.5 oC and at least two out of the: i. sustained coughing, ii. sustained throat pain, iii. Anosmia and/or ageusia, iv. fatigue/tiredness, v. PaO2<95 mmHg will be included. Patients will be randomised (1:1) in colchicine or control group. Trial results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. GRECCO-19 trial aims to identify whether colchicine may positively intervene in the clinical course of COVID-19. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04326790)."}, {"pmid": 32500721, "title": "Approach to Acute Cardiovascular Complications in COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Circ Heart Fail", "authors": ["Ranard, Lauren S", "Fried, Justin A", "Abdalla, Marwah", "Anstey, D Edmund", "Givens, Raymond C", "Kumaraiah, Deepa", "Kodali, Susheel K", "Takeda, Koji", "Karmpaliotis, Dimitri", "Rabbani, LeRoy E", "Sayer, Gabriel", "Kirtane, Ajay J", "Leon, Martin B", "Schwartz, Allan", "Uriel, Nir", "Masoumi, Amirali"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500721", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019, otherwise known as COVID-19, is a global pandemic with primary respiratory manifestations in those who are symptomatic. It has spread to more than 187 countries with a rapidly growing number of affected patients. Underlying cardiovascular disease is associated with more severe manifestations of COVID-19 and higher rates of mortality. COVID-19 can have both primary (arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, myocarditis) and secondary (myocardial injury/biomarker elevation, heart failure) cardiac involvement. In severe cases, profound circulatory failure can result. This review discusses the presentation and management of patients with severe cardiac complications of COVID-19 disease, with an emphasis on a \"Heart-Lung\" team approach in patient management. Furthermore, it focuses on the use of and indications for acute mechanical circulatory support in cardiogenic and/or mixed shock."}, {"pmid": 32085849, "pmcid": "PMC7129231", "title": "The first Vietnamese case of COVID-19 acquired from China.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Van Cuong, Le", "Giang, Hoang Thi Nam", "Linh, Le Khac", "Shah, Jaffer", "Van Sy, Le", "Hung, Trinh Huu", "Reda, Abdullah", "Truong, Luong Ngoc", "Tien, Do Xuan", "Huy, Nguyen Tien"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32085849", "countries": ["China", "Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475746, "pmcid": "PMC7242972", "title": "Reply to Vincenzo Ficarra, Giuseppe Mucciardi, and Gianluca Giannarini's Letter to the Editor re: Riccardo Campi, Daniele Amparore, Umberto Capitanio, et al. Assessing the Burden of Nondeferrable Major Uro-oncologic Surgery to Guide Prioritisation Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from Three Italian High-volume Referral Centres. Eur Urol. In Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.054.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Campi, Riccardo", "Amparore, Daniele", "Capitanio, Umberto", "Checcucci, Enrico", "Salonia, Andrea", "Fiori, Cristian", "Minervini, Andrea", "Briganti, Alberto", "Carini, Marco", "Montorsi, Francesco", "Serni, Sergio", "Porpiglia, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475746", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304632, "pmcid": "PMC7159866", "title": "Utility of hyposmia and hypogeusia for the diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Benezit, Francois", "Le Turnier, Paul", "Declerck, Charles", "Paille, Cecile", "Revest, Matthieu", "Dubee, Vincent", "Tattevin, Pierre"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304632", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357957, "title": "Covid-19: NHS outlines services to be prioritised to restart in next six weeks.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357957", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325276, "pmcid": "PMC7169896", "title": "Epidemic update of COVID-19 in Hubei Province compared with other regions in China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Du, Wenjun", "Han, Shaolei", "Li, Qiang", "Zhang, Zhongfa"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325276", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak spread in China and is a threat to the world. The aims of this study to help health workers better understand the epidemic of the COVID-19 and provide different control strategies toward Hubei Province and other regions in China. A comprehensive search of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention official websites and announcements was performed between 20 Jan 2019 and 29 Feb 2020. The relevant data of the distribution of the infection on each reported day were obtained. Up to 29 Feb 2020, 79,824 confirmed cases with the COVID-19 including 66,907 in Hubei Province and 12,377 in other administrative regions were reported. The SARS-COV-2 showed faster epidemic trends compared with the 2003-SARS-CoV. A total of 2,870 deaths have been reported nationwide among 79,824 confirmed cases, with a mortality of 3.6%. The mortality of the COVID-19 was significantly higher in Hubei Province than that in other regions(4.1% versus 0.84%). Since 1 Feb 2020 the number of discharged cases exceeded the number of the dead. By 29 Feb 2020, the number of discharged patients was 41,625, which exceeded the number of hospitalized patients, and the trend has further increased. The infection of the SARS-COV-2 is spreading and increasing nationwide, and Hubei Province is the main epidemic area, with higher mortality. The outbreak is now under initial control especially in other regions outside of Hubei Province. Due to the different epidemic characteristics between Hubei Province and other regions, we should focus on different prevention and control strategies."}, {"pmid": 32454233, "pmcid": "PMC7245246", "title": "Early Vascular Surgery Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results of a Nationwide Survey.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Latz, Christopher A", "Boitano, Laura T", "Png, C Y Maximilian", "Tanious, Adam", "Kibrik, Pavel", "Conrad, Mark", "Eagleton, Matthew", "Dua, Anahita"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454233", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had major implications for the United States healthcare system. This survey study sought to identify practice changes, understand current personal protection equipment (PPE) use, and determine how caring for patients with COVID-19 differs for vascular surgeons practicing in states with high COVID-19 case numbers versus low case numbers. A fourteen-question online survey regarding the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on vascular surgeons' current practice was sent to 365 vascular surgeons across the country via REDCap from 4/14/2020 to 4/21/2020 with responses closed on 4/23/2020. The survey response was analyzed with descriptive statistics. Further analyses were performed to evaluate whether responses from states with the highest number of COVID-19 cases (New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania and California) differed from those with lower case numbers (all other states). A total of 121 vascular surgeon responded (30.6%) to the survey. All high-volume states were represented. The majority of vascular surgeons are reusing PPE The majority of respondents worked in an academic setting (81.5%) and were performing only urgent and emergent cases (80.5%) during preparation for the surge. This did not differ between high case and low COVID case states (p=0.285). High case states were less likely to perform a lower extremity intervention for critical limb ischemia (60.8% vs. 77.5%, p=0.046), but otherwise case types did not differ. Most attendings work with residents (90.8%) and limited their exposure to procedures on suspected/confirmed COVID-19 cases (56.0%). Thirty-eight percent of attendings have been redeployed within the hospital to a vascular access service, and/or other service outside of vascular surgery. This was more frequent in high case volume states compared to low case volume states (p=0.039). The majority of vascular surgeons are reusing PPE (71.4%) and N95 masks (86.4%), and 21% of vascular surgeons feel that they do not have adequate PPE to perform clinical their duties. The initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in reduced elective cases with primarily only urgent and emergent cases being performed. A minority of vascular surgeons have been redeployed outside of their specialty, however, this is more common among states with high case numbers. Adequate PPE remains an issue for almost a quarter of vascular surgeons who responded to this survey."}, {"pmid": 32406576, "pmcid": "PMC7272841", "title": "Serum amyloid A is a predictor for prognosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["Mo, Xiao-Neng", "Su, Zhu-Quan", "Lei, Chun-Liang", "Chen, Di-Fei", "Peng, Hui", "Chen, Ru-Chong", "Sang, Ling", "Wu, Hong-Kai", "Li, Shi-Yue"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406576", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458550, "title": "COVID-19-related anxiety predicts somatic symptoms in the UK population.", "journal": "Br J Health Psychol", "authors": ["Shevlin, Mark", "Nolan, Emma", "Owczarek, Marcin", "McBride, Orla", "Murphy, Jamie", "Gibson Miller, Jilly", "Hartman, Todd K", "Levita, Liat", "Mason, Liam", "Martinez, Anton P", "McKay, Ryan", "Stocks, Thomas V A", "Bennett, Kate M", "Hyland, Philip", "Bentall, Richard P"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458550", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to estimate the association between anxiety associated with COVID-19 and somatic symptoms, using data from a large, representative sample (N = 2,025) of the UK adult population. Results showed that moderate to high levels of anxiety associated with COVID-19 were significantly associated with general somatic symptoms and in particular with gastrointestinal and fatigue symptoms. This pattern of associations remained significant after controlling for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), pre-existing health problems, age, gender, and income. This is the first evidence that anxiety associated with COVID-19 makes a unique contribution to somatization, above and beyond the effect of GAD."}, {"pmid": 32387656, "pmcid": "PMC7202818", "title": "Perspectives on the Recommendations for Skin Cancer Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Geskin, Larisa J", "Trager, Megan H", "Aasi, Sumaira Z", "Bickers, David R", "Carvajal, Richard D", "Nghiem, Paul", "Taback, Bret", "Zeitouni, Nathalie C", "Samie, Faramarz H"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387656", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303734, "title": "Antibody tests suggest that coronavirus infections vastly exceed official counts.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303734", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466163, "title": "Mental Health Problems during the COVID-19 Pandemics and the Mitigation Effects of Exercise: A Longitudinal Study of College Students in China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Zhang, Yao", "Zhang, Haoyu", "Ma, Xindong", "Di, Qian"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466163", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "(1) Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency that has caused worldwide concern. Vast resources have been allocated to control the pandemic and treat patients. However, little attention has been paid to the adverse impact on mental health or effective mitigation strategies to improve mental health. (2) Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the adverse impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on Chinese college students' mental health, understand the underlying mechanisms, and explore feasible mitigation strategies. (3) Methods: During the peak time of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, we conducted longitudinal surveys of sixty-six college students. Structured questionnaires collected information on demographics, physical activity, negative emotions, sleep quality, and aggressiveness level. A mixed-effect model was used to evaluate associations between variables, and the mediating effect of sleep quality was further explored. A generalized additive model was used to determine the dose-response relationships between the COVID-19 death count, physical activity, and negative emotions. (4) Results: The COVID-19 death count showed a direct negative impact on general sleep quality (\u03b2 = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.55, 2.19) and reduced aggressiveness (\u03b2 = -6.57, 95% CI: -12.78, -0.36). In contrast, the COVID-19 death count imposed not a direct but an indirect impact on general negative emotions (indirect effect (IE) = 0.81, p = 0.012), stress (IE = 0.40, p < 0.001), and anxiety (IE = 0.27, p = 0.004) with sleep quality as a mediator. Moreover, physical activity directly alleviated general negative emotions (\u03b2 = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.22, -0.01), and the maximal mitigation effect occurred when weekly physical activity was about 2500 METs. (5) Conclusions: (a) The severity of the COVID-19 outbreak has an indirect effect on negative emotions by affecting sleep quality. (b) A possible mitigation strategy for improving mental health includes taking suitable amounts of daily physical activity and sleeping well."}, {"pmid": 32462211, "title": "Covid-19: Japan's success despite inept bureaucracy and incompetence.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Crump, Andy", "Tanimoto, Tetsuya"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462211", "countries": ["Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436625, "title": "Low risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through the ocular surface.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Deng, Chaohua", "Yang, Yang", "Chen, Huawen", "Chen, Wei", "Chen, Zhiqi", "Ma, Ke", "Wang, Junming"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436625", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283155, "pmcid": "PMC7151416", "title": "Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Fu, Leiwen", "Wang, Bingyi", "Yuan, Tanwei", "Chen, Xiaoting", "Ao, Yunlong", "Fitzpatrick, Thomas", "Li, Peiyang", "Zhou, Yiguo", "Lin, Yi-Fan", "Duan, Qibin", "Luo, Ganfeng", "Fan, Song", "Lu, Yong", "Feng, Anping", "Zhan, Yuewei", "Liang, Bowen", "Cai, Weiping", "Zhang, Lin", "Du, Xiangjun", "Li, Linghua", "Shu, Yuelong", "Zou, Huachun"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283155", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To better inform efforts to treat and control the current outbreak with a comprehensive characterization of COVID-19. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CNKI (Chinese Database) for studies published as of March 2, 2020, and we searched references of identified articles. Studies were reviewed for methodological quality. A random-effects model was used to pool results. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test. 43 studies involving 3600 patients were included. Among COVID-19 patients, fever (83.3% [95% CI 78.4-87.7]), cough (60.3% [54.2-66.3]), and fatigue (38.0% [29.8-46.5]) were the most common clinical symptoms. The most common laboratory abnormalities were elevated C-reactive protein (68.6% [58.2-78.2]), decreased lymphocyte count (57.4% [44.8-69.5]) and increased lactate dehydrogenase (51.6% [31.4-71.6]). Ground-glass opacities (80.0% [67.3-90.4]) and bilateral pneumonia (73.2% [63.4-82.1]) were the most frequently reported findings on computed tomography. The overall estimated proportion of severe cases and case-fatality rate (CFR) was 25.6% (17.4-34.9) and 3.6% (1.1-7.2), respectively. CFR and laboratory abnormalities were higher in severe cases, patients from Wuhan, and older patients, but CFR did not differ by gender. The majority of COVID-19 cases are symptomatic with a moderate CFR. Patients living in Wuhan, older patients, and those with medical comorbidities tend to have more severe clinical symptoms and higher CFR."}, {"pmid": 32246497, "title": "Strategies for Disseminating and Implementing COVID-19 Public Health Prevention Practices in Rural Areas.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Prusaczyk, Beth"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246497", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520285, "title": "Worldwide differences in COVID-19-related mortality.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Hallal, Pedro Curi"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520285", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Spain", "China", "Belgium", "Italy", "India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mortality statistics due to COVID-19 worldwide are compared, by adjusting for the size of the population and the stage of the pandemic. Data from the European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, and Our World in Data websites were used. Analyses are based on number of deaths per one million inhabitants. In order to account for the stage of the pandemic, the baseline date was defined as the day in which the 10th death was reported. The analyses included 78 countries and territories which reported 10 or more deaths by April 9. On day 10, India had 0.06 deaths per million, Belgium had 30.46 and San Marino 618.78. On day 20, India had 0.27 deaths per million, China had 0.71 and Spain 139.62. On day 30, four Asian countries had the lowest mortality figures, whereas eight European countries had the highest ones. In Italy and Spain, mortality on day 40 was greater than 250 per million, whereas in China and South Korea, mortality was below 4 per million. Mortality on day 10 was moderately correlated with life expectancy, but not with population density. Asian countries presented much lower mortality figures as compared to European ones. Life expectancy was found to be correlated with mortality."}, {"pmid": 32479920, "pmcid": "PMC7256552", "title": "Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agent Treatment in Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["Fishbane, Steven", "Hirsch, Jamie S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479920", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32105638, "pmcid": "PMC7128099", "title": "Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Pan, Yang", "Zhang, Daitao", "Yang, Peng", "Poon, Leo L M", "Wang, Quanyi"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105638", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391852, "title": "COVID-19 and Health Equity-A New Kind of \"Herd Immunity\".", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Williams, David R", "Cooper, Lisa A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352927, "title": "Problematic online gaming and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Behav Addict", "authors": ["King, Daniel L", "Delfabbro, Paul H", "Billieux, Joel", "Potenza, Marc N"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352927", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Stay-at-home mandates and quarantines related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic have led to greatly increased participation in online gaming. Initiatives such as #PlayApartTogether that promote gaming for socializing and stress reduction may achieve positive outcomes. Although gaming can be a healthy coping strategy for the majority, it can also pose risks to some vulnerable individuals. Protracted periods of social isolation and technology-based activity pose the danger of solidifying unhealthy lifestyle patterns, leading to difficulties to readaptation when the COVID-19 crisis has passed. Balanced and effective approaches to gaming during the COVID-19 pandemic are needed to support physical and psychological wellbeing."}, {"pmid": 32395897, "pmcid": "PMC7272792", "title": "Recent progress on the diagnosis of 2019 Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Li, Chun", "Ren, Linzhu"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395897", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global pandemic. Therefore, convenient, timely and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed. Here, we review the types, characteristics and shortcomings of various detection methods, as well as perspectives for the SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Clinically, nucleic acid-based methods are sensitive but prone to false-positive. The antibody-based method has slightly lower sensitivity but higher accuracy. Therefore, it is suggested to combine the two methods to improve the detection accuracy of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32306015, "title": "[Analysis of special ehealth service for corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia].", "journal": "Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Feng, W", "Zhang, L N", "Li, J Y", "Wei, T", "Peng, T T", "Zhang, D X", "Guo, Z X", "Wang, W S"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306015", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze how governments, hospitals and information technology(IT) companies use Internet technology to provide online health services during the early stage of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in January 2020 in China, and then provide suggestions and coping strategies for the later stage and post-epidemic time. We searched for information on ehealth services related to the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. The sources of information were mainstream search engines such as Baidu and the popular interactive social platforms such as Webchat. The keywords were \"Internet+pneumonia\", \"Internet clinic\", \"pneumonia online clinic\" and so on. The time of information was from January 20 to February 3, 2020. The key information was extracted and encoded by two persons back-to-back. The coding information included: name of organization provider, launching time, location of provider, service items, user, health workers engaging in the service, and so on. The coded information was entered and analyzed with SPSS 24.0 and Excel. There were totally 57 projects launched by local governments, hospitals and IT companies. Most of them were launched from January 24th to 27th, the hospital and government projects services regionally, especially in eastern provinces. In this study, 90.48% of the enterprises and 100.00% of the hospitals had online fever clinic and consultation services for COVID-19, 66.67% of the enterprises and 37.04% of the hospitals serviced derivative health problems. Only a few projects provided tele-medical consultation. There were individual projects that provided online health management for home quarantine people. Physicians were the main force of various projects. In some hospital projects, there were also nurses, pharmacists and professional technicians to provide featured consultation. Ehealth is useful and helpful for the health care system to rapidly cope with health demand during instantaneous and post epidemic time. Regional distribution of ehealth is unbalanced. There are institutional and technical feasibilities for the emergency application of Internet technology. However, community health centers seldom provide ehealth or connect with tertiary hospitals with Internet. Therefore, all kinds of providers within healthcare system should promote emergence ehealth. Tele-medical diagnosis and referral should be developed by local governments during COVID-19. The application of \"Internet+medical treatment\" in community medical institutions and synergy among various institutions should be promoted."}, {"pmid": 32501375, "pmcid": "PMC7245296", "title": "Lessons from being challenged by COVID-19.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Tagliazucchi, E", "Balenzuela, P", "Travizano, M", "Mindlin, G B", "Mininni, P D"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501375", "countries": ["Argentina"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present results of different approaches to model the evolution of the COVID-19 epidemic in Argentina, with a special focus on the megacity conformed by the city of Buenos Aires and its metropolitan area, including a total of 41 districts with over 13 million inhabitants. We first highlight the relevance of interpreting the early stage of the epidemic in light of incoming infectious travelers from abroad. Next, we critically evaluate certain proposed solutions to contain the epidemic based on instantaneous modifications of the reproductive number. Finally, we build increasingly complex and realistic models, ranging from simple homogeneous models used to estimate local reproduction numbers, to fully coupled inhomogeneous (deterministic or stochastic) models incorporating mobility estimates from cell phone location data. The models are capable of producing forecasts highly consistent with the official number of cases with minimal parameter fitting and fine-tuning. We discuss the strengths and limitations of the proposed models, focusing on the validity of different necessary first approximations, and caution future modeling efforts to exercise great care in the interpretation of long-term forecasts, and in the adoption of non-pharmaceutical interventions backed by numerical simulations."}, {"pmid": 32276102, "pmcid": "PMC7141479", "title": "Crisis Symptom Management and Patient Communication Protocols Are Important Tools for All Clinicians Responding to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Bowman, Brynn A", "Back, Anthony L", "Esch, Andrew E", "Marshall, Nadine"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276102", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Symptom management and skilled communication with patients and families are essential clinical services in the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Although palliative care specialists have training in these skills, many frontline clinicians from other specialties do not. It is imperative that all clinicians responding to the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis have access to clinical tools to support symptom management and difficult patient and family communication."}, {"pmid": 32488665, "pmcid": "PMC7266415", "title": "Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on Progress Towards Achieving Global Surgery Goals.", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Mazingi, Dennis", "Navarro, Sergio", "Bobel, Matthew C", "Dube, Andile", "Mbanje, Chenesa", "Lavy, Chris"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488665", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the 5 months since it began, the COVID-19 pandemic has placed extraordinary demands on health systems around the world including surgery. Competing health objectives and resource redeployment threaten to retard the scale-up of surgical services in low- and middle-income countries where access to safe, affordable and timely care is low. The key aspiration of the Lancet Commission on global surgery was promotion of resilience in surgical systems. The current pandemic provides an opportunity to stress-test those systems and identify fault-lines that may not be easily apparent outside of times of crisis. We endeavoured to explore vulnerable points in surgical systems learning from the experience of past outbreaks, using examples from the current pandemic, and make recommendations for future health emergencies. The 6-component framework for surgical systems planning was used to categorise the effects of COVID-19 on surgical systems, with a particular focus on low- and middle-income countries. Key vulnerabilities were identified and recommendations were made for the current pandemic and for the future. Multiple stress points were identified throughout all of the 6 components of surgical systems. The impact is expected to be highest in the workforce, service delivery and infrastructure domains. Innovative new technologies should be employed to allow consistent, high-quality surgical care to continue even in times of crisis. If robust progress towards global surgery goals for 2030 is to continue, the stress points identified should be reinforced. An ongoing process of reappraisal and fortification will keep surgical systems in low- and middle-income countries responsive to \"old threats and new challenges\". Multiple opportunities exist to help realise the dream of surgical systems resilient to external shocks."}, {"pmid": 32502440, "pmcid": "PMC7266608", "title": "Initiation of the Global Coalition for Radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Price, Pat", "Barney, Shandi E"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502440", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279023, "pmcid": "PMC7194518", "title": "Epidemic psychiatry: The opportunities and challenges of COVID-19.", "journal": "Gen Hosp Psychiatry", "authors": ["Shalev, Daniel", "Shapiro, Peter A"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279023", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32173458, "pmcid": "PMC7270817", "title": "Experience of different upper respiratory tract sampling strategies for detection of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Ye, G", "Li, Y", "Lu, M", "Chen, S", "Luo, Y", "Wang, S", "Wang, Y", "Wang, X"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173458", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368875, "pmcid": "PMC7201429", "title": "Guide for Nuclear Medicine Applications During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther", "authors": ["Ayan, Asli", "Kirac, F Suna"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368875", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A viral pneumonia rapidly spread from Wuhan, China to all countries in late 2019. In February 2020, WHO named as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and declared the pandemic on March 11, 2020. To prevent the spread of COVID-19, Ministry of Health of Republic of Turkey and international institutions have published documents defining hygiene rules. After the lung computerized tomography (CT) findings which are important in the diagnosis of COVID-19 are described, protection measures against infection were defined in radiology departments. There is no publication involving protection measures for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in nuclear medicine (NM) (appointment, patient acceptance, imaging and treatment procedures, disinfection etc). There are two reports on CT findings suggesting COVID-19 in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/CT scan. These lung findings detected in hybrid images will be helpful in the early diagnosis of pulmonary involvement. Infected cases may be asymptomatic and can unintentionally disseminate the virus to surrounding people. This advisory guide has been prepared to avoid infection risk in NM clinics. During the COVID-19 outbreak, staff must use proper personal protective equipment and patients should be evaluated as the elective case according to clinical status. A questionnaire should be made for COVID-19. In cancer cases requiring urgent treatment, radionuclide treatment (RNT) should be planned according to the COVID-19 test result. If the result is negative, RNT can be applied; but if not or if the symptoms are present, RNT must be postponed. Following imaging procedures, scanners and room surfaces should be cleaned by personnel with proper disinfection training."}, {"pmid": 32354369, "pmcid": "PMC7191555", "title": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia with negative detection of viral ribonucleic acid from nasopharyngeal swabs: a case report.", "journal": "BMC Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Peiyan", "Cai, Zhao", "Wu, Weibo", "Peng, Ling", "Li, Yinfeng", "Chen, Chuming", "Chen, Li", "Li, Jianming", "Cao, Mengli", "Feng, Shiyan", "Jiang, Xiao", "Yuan, Jing", "Liu, Yingxia", "Yang, Liang", "Wang, Fuxiang"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354369", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak started in Wuhan, Hubei, China since Dec 2019 and cases of infection have been continuously reported in various countries. It is now clear that the SARS-COV-2 coronavirus is transmissible from human to human. Nucleic acid detection is considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19. In this case report, we describe our experience in detection of SARS-COV-2 from a confirmed patient using nucleic acid test of bronchoalveolar-lavage fluid (BALF) samples but not nasopharyngeal swabs. We present a case of severely ill SARS-COV-2 infected 46-year-old man with fever, coughing and chest tightness. We performed viral detection using his BALF samples and imaging method (CT) for confirmation. The patient received combination of interferonalfa-1b and ribavirin, lopinavir and ritonavir for antiviral treatment at different stages. Other medication was also given to him in combination for anti-inflammation, intestinal microbial regulation, phlegm elimination, liver protection and pulmonary fibrosis prevention purposes. We provided oxygen supply to him using BIPAP ventilator and high-flow humidification oxygen therapy instrument to facilitate respiration. The patient was cured and discharged. This case report described an effective supportive medication scheme to treat SARS-COV-2 infected patient and emphasized the necessity of detection of the viral genome using BALF samples and its significance in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32362453, "pmcid": "PMC7177088", "title": "Reshaping head and neck reconstruction policy during the COVID-19 pandemic peak: Experience in a front-line institution.", "journal": "Auris Nasus Larynx", "authors": ["Rampinelli, Vittorio", "Mattavelli, Davide", "Gualtieri, Tommaso", "Paderno, Alberto", "Taboni, Stefano", "Berretti, Giulia", "Deganello, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362453", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227091, "pmcid": "PMC7184369", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19) Progression Course in 17 Discharged Patients: Comparison of Clinical and Thin-Section CT Features During Recovery.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Han, Xiaoyu", "Cao, Yukun", "Jiang, Nanchuan", "Chen, Yan", "Alwalid, Osamah", "Zhang, Xin", "Gu, Jin", "Dai, Meng", "Liu, Jie", "Zhu, Wanyue", "Zheng, Chuansheng", "Shi, Heshui"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227091", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To retrospectively analyze the evolution of clinical features and thin-section CT imaging of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in 17 discharged patients. Serial thin-section CT scans of 17 discharged patients with COVID-19 were obtained during recovery. Longitudinal changes of clinical parameters and CT pattern were documented in all patients during 4 weeks since admission. CT score was used to evaluate the extent of the disease. There was a marked improvement of fever, lymphocytes count, C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate within the first two weeks since admission. However, the mean CT score rapidly increased from the 1st to 3rd week, with a top score of 8.2 obtained in the 2nd week. During the 1st week, the main CT pattern was ground-glass opacities (GGO,76.5%). The frequency of GGO (52.9%) decreased in the 2nd week. Consolidation and mixed patterns (47.0%) were noted in the 2nd week. Thereafter, consolidations generally dissipated into GGO and the frequency of GGO increased in the 3rd week (76.5%) and 4th week (71.4%). Opacities were mainly located in the peripheral (76.5%), subpleural (47.1%) zones of the lungs, and presented as focal (35.3%) or multifocal (29.4%) in the 1st week and became more diffuse in the 2nd (47.1%) and 3rd week (58.8%), then showed reduced extent in 4th week (50%). The progression course of CT pattern was later than the clinical parameters within the first two weeks since admission; however, there was a synchronized improvement in both clinical and radiologic features in the 4th week."}, {"pmid": 32139299, "pmcid": "PMC7126646", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: Transmission dynamics and clinical characteristics.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Cao, Qing", "Chen, Yi-Ching", "Chen, Chyi-Liang", "Chiu, Cheng-Hsun"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32139299", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267538, "pmcid": "PMC7262210", "title": "American Geriatrics Society Policy Brief: COVID-19 and Nursing Homes.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This policy brief sets forth the American Geriatrics Society's (AGS's) recommendations to guide federal, state, and local governments when making decisions about care for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in nursing homes (NHs) and other long-term care facilities (LTCFs). The AGS continues to review guidance set forth in peer-reviewed articles and editorials, as well as ongoing and updated guidance from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other key agencies. This brief is based on the situation and any federal guidance/actions as of April 4, 2020. It is focused on NHs and other LTCFs, given their essential role in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:908-911, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32526224, "title": "Cardiac injuries in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Mol Cell Cardiol", "authors": ["Chen, Chen", "Li, Huihui", "Hang, Weijian", "Wang, Dao Wen"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526224", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic worsens, this global pandemic is impacting more than 200 countries/regions and more than 4,500,000 confirmed cases worldwide. COVID-19 is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which might attack not only the respiratory system, but also the other important organs, including the heart. It was reported that COVID-19 patients with a past history of cardiovascular diseases would have a higher mortality. Meanwhile, elevated troponin levels were frequently observed in COVID-19 cases. Besides the comprehensive treatments for COVID-19, as a cardiologist, we should also remain vigilant about the cardiac injuries, especially those with severe emergent cardiovascular symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32434289, "title": "Perioperative considerations for COVID-19 patients: lessons learnt from the pandemic.", "journal": "Korean J Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Yek, Jia Lin Jacklyn", "Kiew, Sca", "Ngu, J C", "Lim, Jgc"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434289", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic spreads globally, hospitals are rushing to adapt their facilities which may not have been designed to deal with infections adequately. We present the management of a patient with suspected COVID-19 pneumonia. A 66-years-old man presented to the hospital and his recent travel history, infective symptoms and CXR made him a possible COVID-19 suspect. Emergency surgery was decided considering the septic condition. The patient was transported to operating theatre with supplemental oxygen over a face mask and plastic covering over the trolley. Rapid sequence intubation was performed by an experienced anesthetist using a videolaryngoscope. After surgery, the patient remained intubated to avoid re-intubation due to initial presentation of respiratory distress. Droplet, contact and airborne infection precautions were instituted. Our objective was to facilitate surgical management of patients with known or suspected COVID-19 while minimising risk of nosocomial transmission to healthcare workers and other patients."}, {"pmid": 32275452, "pmcid": "PMC7258639", "title": "COVID-19 with Different Severities: A Multicenter Study of Clinical Features.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Feng, Yun", "Ling, Yun", "Bai, Tao", "Xie, Yusang", "Huang, Jie", "Li, Jian", "Xiong, Weining", "Yang, Dexiang", "Chen, Rong", "Lu, Fangying", "Lu, Yunfei", "Liu, Xuhui", "Chen, Yuqing", "Li, Xin", "Li, Yong", "Summah, Hanssa Dwarka", "Lin, Huihuang", "Yan, Jiayang", "Zhou, Min", "Lu, Hongzhou", "Qu, Jieming"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275452", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rationale: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is now a global health concern.Objectives: We compared the clinical characteristics, laboratory examinations, computed tomography images, and treatments of patients with COVID-19 from three different cities in China.Methods: A total of 476 patients were recruited from January 1, 2020, to February 15, 2020, at three hospitals in Wuhan, Shanghai, and Anhui. The patients were divided into four groups according to age and into three groups (moderate, severe, and critical) according to the fifth edition of the Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 issued by the National Health Commission of China.Measurements and Main Results: The incidence of comorbidities was higher in the severe (46.3%) and critical (67.1%) groups than in the moderate group (37.8%). More patients were taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers in the moderate group than in the severe and critical groups. More patients had multiple lung lobe involvement and pleural effusion in the critical group than in the moderate group. More patients received antiviral agents within the first 4 days in the moderate group than in the severe group, and more patients received antibiotics and corticosteroids in the critical and severe groups. Patients >75 years old had a significantly lower survival rate than younger patients.Conclusions: Multiple organ dysfunction and impaired immune function were the typical characteristics of patients with severe or critical illness. There was a significant difference in the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers among patients with different severities of disease. Involvement of multiple lung lobes and pleural effusion were associated with the severity of COVID-19. Advanced age (\u226575 yr) was a risk factor for mortality."}, {"pmid": 32405836, "pmcid": "PMC7220599", "title": "[Which diet during the Corona pandemic?]", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["Hauner, Hans"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405836", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383637, "pmcid": "PMC7267095", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on mental health in the Hispanic Caribbean region.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Llibre-Guerra, Jorge J", "Jimenez-Velazquez, Ivonne Z", "Llibre-Rodriguez, Juan J", "Acosta, Daisy"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383637", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330544, "pmcid": "PMC7173829", "title": "Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Mahmud, Ehtisham", "Dauerman, Harold L", "Welt, Frederick Gp", "Messenger, John C", "Rao, Sunil V", "Grines, Cindy", "Mattu, Amal", "Kirtane, Ajay J", "Jauhar, Rajiv", "Meraj, Perwaiz", "Rokos, Ivan C", "Rumsfeld, John S", "Henry, Timothy D"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330544", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The worldwide pandemic caused by the novel acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has resulted in a new and lethal disease termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although there is an association between cardiovascular disease and COVID-19, the majority of patients who need cardiovascular care for the management of ischemic heart disease may not be infected with COVID-19. The objective of this document is to provide recommendations for a systematic approach for the care of patients with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a recognition of two major challenges in providing recommendations for AMI care in the COVID-19 era. Cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 are complex with patients presenting with AMI, myocarditis simulating a ST-elevation MI presentation, stress cardiomyopathy, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, coronary spasm, or nonspecific myocardial injury and the prevalence of COVID-19 disease in the US population remains unknown with risk of asymptomatic spread. This document addresses the care of these patients focusing on 1) the varied clinical presentations; 2) appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE) for health care workers; 3) role of the Emergency Department, Emergency Medical System and the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory; and 4) Regional STEMI systems of care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, primary PCI remains the standard of care for STEMI patients at PCI capable hospitals when it can be provided in a timely fashion, with an expert team outfitted with PPE in a dedicated CCL room. A fibrinolysis-based strategy may be entertained at non-PCI capable referral hospitals or in specific situations where primary PCI cannot be executed or is not deemed the best option."}, {"pmid": 32523137, "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) coronavirus pandemic: current situation and implications for Mexico.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Escudero, Xavier", "Guarner, Jeannette", "Galindo-Fraga, Arturo", "Escudero-Salamanca, Mara", "Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A", "Del-Rio, Carlos"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523137", "countries": ["China", "Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is one of the most devastating in this century. It originated in China in December 2019 caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus, and in less than a month it had been classified as an \"International Public Health Emergency\". To date there are nearly 3 million people infected and more than 250,000 deaths caused by the disease worldwide. Initially it affects the respiratory tract with atypical pneumonia and in severe cases it produces systemic inflammation with cytokine storm that can cause rapid deterioration with circulatory and respiratory failure, coagulopathy and a lethality rate of approximately 7%. In Mexico, the first case was detected in February 2020, and to date there are 26,616 confirmed cases and 2,961 deaths throughout the country. The low number of diagnostic tests conducted in our country clearly underestimates the real incidence and impact of the disease. The most affected groups are those with risk factors such as age over 60, presence of hypertension, diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Of the confirmed cases, 15% are healthcare workers. There is no specific treatment or vaccine yet, so it is important to have hygiene, social isolation and personal protection measures. Health, social and economic consequences could have great impact in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32356900, "pmcid": "PMC7267410", "title": "Consensus statement: Safe Airway Society principles of airway management and tracheal intubation specific to the COVID-19 adult patient group.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Brewster, David J", "Chrimes, Nicholas", "Do, Thy Bt", "Fraser, Kirstin", "Groombridge, Christopher J", "Higgs, Andy", "Humar, Matthew J", "Leeuwenburg, Timothy J", "McGloughlin, Steven", "Newman, Fiona G", "Nickson, Chris P", "Rehak, Adam", "Vokes, David", "Gatward, Jonathan J"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356900", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This statement was planned on 11 March 2020 to provide clinical guidance and aid staff preparation for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Australia and New Zealand. It has been widely endorsed by relevant specialty colleges and societies. Generic guidelines exist for the intubation of different patient groups, as do resources to facilitate airway rescue and transition to the \"can't intubate, can't oxygenate\" scenario. They should be followed where they do not contradict our specific recommendations for the COVID-19 patient group. Consideration should be given to using a checklist that has been specifically modified for the COVID-19 patient group. Early intubation should be considered to prevent the additional risk to staff of emergency intubation and to avoid prolonged use of high flow nasal oxygen or non-invasive ventilation. Significant institutional preparation is required to optimise staff and patient safety in preparing for the airway management of the COVID-19 patient group. The principles for airway management should be the same for all patients with COVID-19 (asymptomatic, mild or critically unwell). Safe, simple, familiar, reliable and robust practices should be adopted for all episodes of airway management for patients with COVID-19. Airway clinicians in Australia and New Zealand should now already be involved in regular intensive training for the airway management of the COVID-19 patient group. This training should focus on the principles of early intervention, meticulous planning, vigilant infection control, efficient processes, clear communication and standardised practice."}, {"pmid": 32359148, "pmcid": "PMC7197525", "title": "COVID-19: a new work-related disease threatening healthcare workers.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Godderis, Lode", "Boone, Anke", "Bakusic, Jelena"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361911, "pmcid": "PMC7195615", "title": "Single-cell transcriptome analysis of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) associated gene ACE2 expression in normal and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) human male testes.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Liu, Xixi", "Chen, Yidong", "Tang, Wenhao", "Zhang, Li", "Chen, Wei", "Yan, Zhiqiang", "Yuan, Peng", "Yang, Ming", "Kong, Siming", "Yan, Liying", "Qiao, Jie"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361911", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Being infected by SARS-CoV-2 may cause damage to multiple organs in patients, such as the lung, liver and heart. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), reported as a SARS-CoV-2 receptor, is also expressed in human male testes. This suggests a potential risk in human male reproductive system. However, the characteristics of ACE2-positive cells and the expression of other SARS-CoV-2 process-related genes are still worthy of further investigation. Here, we performed singlecell RNA seq (scRNA-seq) analysis on 853 male embryo primordial germ cells (PGCs) and 2,854 normal testis cells to assess the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the male reproductive system from embryonic stage to adulthood. We also collected and constructed the scRNA-seq library on 228 Sertoli cells from three non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients to assess the effects at disease state. We found that ACE2 expressing cells existed in almost all testis cell types and Sertoli cells had highest expression level and positive cells ratio. Moreover, ACE2 was also expressed in human male PGCs. In adulthood, the level of ACE2 expression decreased with the increase of age. We also found that ACE2 positive cells had high expressions of stress response and immune activation-related genes. Interestingly, some potential SARS-CoV-2 process-related genes such as TMPRSS2, BSG, CTSL and CTSB had different expression patterns in the same cell type. Furthermore, ACE2 expression level in NOA donors' Sertoli cells was significantly decreased. Our work would help to assess the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the male reproductive system."}, {"pmid": 32358556, "title": "Coronavirus in context: Scite.ai tracks positive and negative citations for COVID-19 literature.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Khamsi, Roxanne"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358556", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475810, "title": "The role of biomarkers in diagnosis of COVID-19 - A systematic review.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Kermali, Muhammed", "Khalsa, Raveena Kaur", "Pillai, Kiran", "Ismail, Zahra", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475810", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of the 28th April 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic has infiltrated over 200 countries and affected over three million confirmed people. We review different biomarkers to evaluate if they are able to predict clinical outcomes and correlate with the severity of COVID-19 disease. A systematic review of the literature was carried out to identify relevant articles using six different databases. Keywords to refine the search included 'COVID-19', 'SARS-CoV2', 'Biomarkers', among others. Only studies which reported data on pre-defined outcomes were included. Thirty-four relevant articles were identified which reviewed the following biomarkers: C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, cardiac troponin, renal biomarkers, lymphocytes and platelet count. Of these, all but two, showed significantly higher levels in patients with severe complications of COVID-19 infection compared to their non-severe counterparts. Lymphocytes and platelet count showed significantly lower levels in severe patients compared to non-severe patients. Although research is still in its early stages, the discovery of how different biomarkers behave during the course of the disease could help clinicians in identifying severe disease earlier and subsequently improve prognosis. Nevertheless, we urge for more research across the globe to corroborate these findings."}, {"pmid": 32529918, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic Exposes Limited Understanding of Ageism.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Reynolds, Laurinda"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529918", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, justification for orders to shelter in place have emphasized the vulnerability of older people. Although other at-risk groups were sometimes mentioned, the emphasis on older people could have effects on attitudes about aging and older people for decades to come. This essay provides a comprehensive biopsychosocial description of ageism and discusses the pandemic as a \"focusing event\" that exemplifies the extreme social consequence of ageism for the entire older population. It suggests revisions to the Elder Justice Act and utilization of programs such as the Reframing Aging, Age-Friendly University, and Ageism First Aid initiatives to reduce ageism in the wake of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32280053, "pmcid": "PMC7144592", "title": "Human biases and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Intensive Crit Care Nurs", "authors": ["Garcia-Alamino, Josep M"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32280053", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445960, "pmcid": "PMC7238977", "title": "Biophotonics for pandemic control: large-area infection monitoring and microbial inactivation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther", "authors": ["Marcelo, Saito Nogueira"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445960", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354724, "title": "Deprescribing in the time of covid-19.", "journal": "Drug Ther Bull", "authors": ["Phizackerley, David"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354724", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417904, "pmcid": "PMC7239161", "title": "COVID-19 infection also occurs in patients taking hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Lahouati, M", "Meriglier, E", "Martin, L", "Bouchet, S", "Desclaux, A", "Bonnet, F"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417904", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346156, "title": "Coronavirus diaries: school's out forever.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tregoning, John"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346156", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411296, "pmcid": "PMC7213544", "title": "Child and adolescent mental health service provision and research during the Covid-19 pandemic: challenges, opportunities, and a call for submissions.", "journal": "Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health", "authors": ["Witt, Andreas", "Ordonez, Anna", "Martin, Andres", "Vitiello, Benedetto", "Fegert, Jorg M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411296", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443942, "title": "Personal Experiences With Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Diabetes: The Time for Telemedicine is Now.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Mader, Julia K"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443942", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360608, "pmcid": "PMC7189847", "title": "Forecasting the timeframe of 2019-nCoV and human cells interaction with reverse engineering.", "journal": "Prog Biophys Mol Biol", "authors": ["Sohail, Ayesha", "Nutini, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360608", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an atypical pneumonia invaded the city of Wuhan, China, and the causative agent of this disease turned out to be a new coronavirus. In January 2020, the World Health Organization named the new coronavirus 2019-nCoV and subsequently it is referred to as SARS-CoV2 and the related disease as CoViD-19 (Lai et\u00a0al., 2020). Very quickly, the epidemic led to a pandemic and it is now a worldwide emergency requiring the creation of new antiviral therapies and a related vaccine. The purpose of this article is to review and investigate further the molecular mechanism by which the SARS-CoV2 virus infection proceeds via the formation of a hetero-trimer between its protein S, the ACE2 receptor and the B0AT1 protein, which is the \"entry receptor\" for the infection process involving membrane fusion (Li et\u00a0al., 2003). A reverse engineering process uses the formalism of the Hill function to represent the functions related to the dynamics of the biochemical interactions of the viral infection process. Then, using a logical evaluation of viral density that measures the rate at which the cells are hijacked by the virus (and they provide a place for the virus to replicate) and considering the \"time delay\" given by the interaction between cell and virus, the expected duration of the incubation period is predicted. The conclusion is that the density of the virus varies from the \"exposure time\" to the \"interaction time\" (virus-cells). This model can be used both to evaluate the infectious condition and to analyze the incubation period. The ongoing threat of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV2 pandemic is alarming and strategies for combating infection are highly desired. This RNA virus belongs to the \u03b2-coronavirus genus and is similar in some features to SARS-CoV. Currently, no vaccine or approved medical treatment is available. The complex dynamics of the rapid spread of this virus can be demonstrated with the aid of a computational framework. A mathematical model based on the principles of cell-virus interaction is developed in this manuscript. The amino acid sequence of S proein and its interaction with the ACE-2 protein is mimicked with the aid of Hill function. The mathematical model with delay is solved with the aid of numerical solvers and the parametric values are obtained with the help of MCMC algorithm. A delay differential equation model is developed to demonstrate the dynamics of target cells, infected cells and the SARS-CoV2. The important parameters and coefficients are demonstrated with the aid of numerical computations. The resulting thresholds and forecasting may prove to be useful tools for future experimental studies and control strategies. From the analysis, I is concluded that control strategy via delay is a promising technique and the role of Hill function formalism in control strategies can be better interpreted in an inexpensive manner with the aid of a theoretical framework."}, {"pmid": 32517567, "title": "What Diabetes Can Teach us About Dealing With COVID-19 and Could it Be a Catalyst for Change in Diabetes?", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Stuhr, Andreas", "Furber, Sabina"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517567", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505780, "title": "Analysis of dermatology-related search engine trends during the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for patient demand for outpatient services and telehealth.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Guzman, Anthony K", "Barbieri, John S"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505780", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505251, "title": "Quality of primary health care in China: challenges and recommendations.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Li, Xi", "Krumholz, Harlan M", "Yip, Winnie", "Cheng, Kar Keung", "De Maeseneer, Jan", "Meng, Qingyue", "Mossialos, Elias", "Li, Chuang", "Lu, Jiapeng", "Su, Meng", "Zhang, Qiuli", "Xu, Dong Roman", "Li, Liming", "Normand, Sharon-Lise T", "Peto, Richard", "Li, Jing", "Wang, Zengwu", "Yan, Hongbing", "Gao, Runlin", "Chunharas, Somsak", "Gao, Xin", "Guerra, Raniero", "Ji, Huijie", "Ke, Yang", "Pan, Zhigang", "Wu, Xianping", "Xiao, Shuiyuan", "Xie, Xinying", "Zhang, Yujuan", "Zhu, Jun", "Zhu, Shanzhu", "Hu, Shengshou"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505251", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "China has substantially increased financial investment and introduced favourable policies for strengthening its primary health care system with core responsibilities in preventing and managing chronic diseases such as hypertension and emerging infectious diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, widespread gaps in the quality of primary health care still exist. In this Review, we aim to identify the causes for this poor quality, and provide policy recommendations. System challenges include: the suboptimal education and training of primary health-care practitioners, a fee-for-service payment system that incentivises testing and treatments over prevention, fragmentation of clinical care and public health service, and insufficient continuity of care throughout the entire health-care system. The following recommendations merit consideration: (1) enhancement of the quality of training for primary health-care physicians, (2) establishment of performance accountability to incentivise high-quality and high-value care; (3) integration of clinical care with the basic public health services, and (4) strengthening of the coordination between primary health-care institutions and hospitals. Additionally, China should consider modernising its primary health-care system through the establishment of a learning health system built on digital data and innovative technologies."}, {"pmid": 32490891, "title": "The role of Angiology and Vascular Surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Col Bras Cir", "authors": ["Barros, Bernardo Cunha Senra", "Maia, Aline Barbosa", "Marques, Marcos Areas", "Prette-Junior, Paulo Roberto", "Fiorelli, Stenio Karlos Alvim", "Cerqueira, Fernanda DE Castro"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490891", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The New Coronavirus Epidemic (2019-nCoV), discovered in the city of Wuhan, China, in December 2019, presents mainly with pulmonary pneumonia that is preceded by fever, cough and myalgia. However, as the disease spread globally and the number of hospitalizations increased exponentially, it was noted that most serious patients hospitalized by COVID-19 have laboratory changes worthy of attention, such as lymphopenia, neutrophilia, increased time of prothrombin and increased levels of D-dimer. Due to these changes proving to be crucial for the mortality and morbidity rates in this subset of infected people, several studies focusing on the pathophysiology, mainly hematological, of the disease appear every day. Deepening these studies, several published works have shown SarsCoV-2 infection to the installation of a prothrombotic state in hospitalized patients, which leads to the potential occurrence of thrombotic or arterial events in this cohort. Thus, in order to understand how the departments of Angiology and Vascular Surgery are acting in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this work aims to gather studies that reveal from protocols applied in vascular services in the current situation, until to the role of vascular surgeons and angiologists in the clinical and surgical management of patients infected or not, as a way of helping and clarifying this specialty during the context of a pandemic due to the new coranavirus. For the selection of works, the following search criteria were used: \"Coronavirus and venous thrombosis\", \"Coronavirus and thrombosis\", \"COVID-19 and venous thrombosis\" and \"COVID-19 Coronavirus and thrombosis\"."}, {"pmid": 32523139, "title": "Recommendations for the care of patients with heart failure and COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Cigarroa-Lopez, Jose A", "Magana-Serrano, Jose A", "Alvarez-Sangabriel, Amada", "Ruiz-Ruiz, Vicente", "Chavez-Mendoza, Adolfo", "Mendez-Ortiz, Arturo", "Leon-Gonzalez, Salvador", "Guizar-Sanchez, Carlos", "Gutierrez-Fajardo, Pedro", "Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523139", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic decreed by the World Health Organization (WHO) since March 12, 2020 is wreaking havoc globally and it is a true economic, social and health challenge. Although the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are respiratory symptoms, some patients also have cardiological symptoms. Among patients with cardiological conditions2 they represent a group of higher risk and, in fact, they are a particularly vulnerable group, due to their higher risk of contagion and greater severity in case of acquiring the disease1 those with heart failure (HF), including heart transplant (CT) and ventricular assists, as well as patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). HF is the main chronic cardiovascular disease and patients in this group are the most vulnerable for the development of more serious clinical symptoms after suffering the infection, and to a greater extent cases with advanced HF3. In fact, HF is one of the most frequent complications in patients with COVID-194. Likewise, transplant patients who require immunosuppressants to avoid graft rejection, constitute a population especially susceptible to infection and to develop more serious processes. This situation has made the National Association of Cardiologists of Mexico (ANCAM) and the Mexican Society of Cardiology (SMC) together with their respective chapters, have prepared the following recommendations for medical personnel, who participate in the care of this special group of patients in the different clinical settings, who suffer or not, of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32222119, "pmcid": "PMC7228212", "title": "Clinical analysis of pregnant women with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Siyu", "Liao, E", "Cao, Dongmei", "Gao, Ying", "Sun, Guoqiang", "Shao, Yong"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222119", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim is to evaluate pregnant women infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and provide help for clinical prevention and treatment. All five cases of pregnant women confirmed COVID-19 were collected among patients who admitted to the Maternal and Child Hospital of Hubei Province between January 20 and February 10, 2020. All patients, aging from 25 to 31 years old, had the gestational week from 38th weeks to 41st weeks. All pregnant women did not have an antepartum fever but developed a low-grade fever (37.5\u2103-38.5\u2103) within 24\u2009hours after delivery. All patients had normal liver and renal function, two patients had elevated plasma levels of the myocardial enzyme. Unusual chest imaging manifestations, featured with ground-grass opacity, were frequently observed in bilateral (three cases) or unilateral lobe (two cases) by computed tomography (CT) scan. All labors smoothly processed, the Apgar scores were 10 points 1 and 5\u2009minutes after delivery, no complications were observed in the newborn. Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of patients with COVID-19 should receive more attention. It is probable that pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 have no fever before delivery. Their primary initial manifestations were merely low-grade postpartum fever or mild respiratory symptoms. Therefore, the protective measures are necessary on admission; the instant CT scan and real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase-chain-reaction assay should be helpful in early diagnosis and avoid cross-infection on the occasion that patients have fever and other respiratory signs."}, {"pmid": 32271600, "title": "Efficacy of Mass Quarantine as Leverage of Health System Governance During COVID-19 Outbreak: A Mini Policy Review.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Taghrir, Mohammad Hossein", "Akbarialiabad, Hossein", "Ahmadi Marzaleh, Milad"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271600", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 23, 2020, the Chinese government announced the city lockdown of Wuhan. Since then, there have been controversial debates among experts about the efficacy of mass quarantine, the oldest and probably one of the most effective methods for controlling infectious disease outbreaks. The impact of health policymaking section of health system governance becomes visible to all stakeholders and the public in such emergency contexts. The success and failure of such policies should be evaluated in order to find the proper course of action for the local and international communities. In this review, we aim to investigate the efficacy of mass quarantine in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We found good quality evidence for the effectiveness of mass quarantine during the current stage of COVID-19 pandemic, and these strategies seem to have been highly effective in controlling the spread of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32530146, "title": "[Healthcare, European Stability Mechanism and public funding following the Covid-19 pandemic].", "journal": "G Ital Nefrol", "authors": ["Spampinato, Luigi"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530146", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this editorial is to illustrate the new public funding framework of the Italian National Health System following the Covid-19 pandemic. The document reviews the measures put in place by the Italian Government and European Institutions such as the European Commission (EC), the European Central Bank (ECB) and the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) to deal with this health crisis and subsequent severe economic recession, with particular reference to sources and uses of resources. The use of new budgetary financial spaces in deficit entails greater attention to the assessment of interventions and makes it necessary to keep expenditure under strict control. At the same time, the remodeling of expenditure within its aggregates, public investment in innovation, and the removal of administrative obstacles can strengthen the capacity of the healthcare system to meet the extraordinary needs deriving from the spread of Covid-19 and its resilience to future health shocks."}, {"pmid": 32297847, "pmcid": "PMC7180324", "title": "COVID-19 affects healthy pediatricians more than pediatric patients.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297847", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513232, "title": "Non-febrile COVID-19 patients were common and often became critically ill: a retrospective multicenter cohort study.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Li, Yichen", "Jiao, Na", "Zhu, Lixin", "Cheng, Sijing", "Zhu, Ruixin", "Lan, Ping"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513232", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428245, "title": "Kicking on while it's still kicking off - getting surgery and anaesthesia restarted after COVID-19.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Cook, T M", "Harrop-Griffiths, W"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428245", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430650, "pmcid": "PMC7237226", "title": "The Rising Number of COVID-19 Cases Reflecting Growing Search Trend and Concern of People: A Google Trend Analysis of Eight Major Countries.", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Sharma, Manik", "Sharma, Samriti"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430650", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391719, "pmcid": "PMC7218353", "title": "Cardiovascular disease and COVID-19: les liaisons dangereuses.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Barison, Andrea", "Aimo, Alberto", "Castiglione, Vincenzo", "Arzilli, Chiara", "Lupon, Josep", "Codina, Pau", "Santiago-Vacas, Evelyn", "Cediel, German", "Emdin, Michele", "Bayes-Genis, Antoni"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391719", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with cardiovascular risk factors or established cardiovascular disease have an increased risk of developing coronavirus disease 19 and have a worse outcome when infected, but translating this notion into effective action is challenging. At present it is unclear whether cardiovascular therapies may reduce the likelihood of infection, or improve the survival of infected patients. Given the crucial importance of this issue for clinical cardiologists and all specialists dealing with coronavirus disease 19, we tried to recapitulate the current evidence and provide some practical recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32380269, "pmcid": "PMC7196901", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Consideration for Brain Infection.", "journal": "Neuroscience", "authors": ["Mao, Xiao-Yuan", "Jin, Wei-Lin"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380269", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369217, "pmcid": "PMC7267432", "title": "Transmission and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in 104 outside-Wuhan patients, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Qiu, Chengfeng", "Deng, Ziwei", "Xiao, Qian", "Shu, Yuanlu", "Deng, Ye", "Wang, Hongqiang", "Liao, Xin", "Liu, Huiwen", "Zhou, Dinghui", "Zhao, Xiang", "Zhou, Jianliang", "Wang, Jin", "Shi, Zhihua", "Long, Da"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369217", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cases with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emigrated from Wuhan escalated the risk of spreading in other cities. This report focused on the outside-Wuhan patients to assess the transmission and clinical characteristics of this illness. Contact investigation was conducted on each patient who admitted to the assigned hospitals in Hunan Province (geographically adjacent to Wuhan) from Jan 22, 2020 to Feb 23, 2020. Patients were confirmed by PCR test. Demographic, clinical and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Of the 104 patients, 48 (46.15%) were imported cases who were immigrated from Wuhan; 93 (89.42%) had a definite contact history with infections. Family clusters were the major body of patients. Transmission along the chain of 3 \"generations\" was observed. Five asymptomatic infections were found and 2 of them infected their relatives. Mean age was 43 (rang, 8-84) years and 49 (47.12%) were male. The median incubation period was 6 (rang, 1-32) days, of 8 patients ranged from 18 to 32 days, 96 (92.31%) discharged and 1 (0.96%) died. Average hospital stay was 10 (rang, 8-14) days. Family but not community transmission occupied the main body of infections in the two centers, suggesting the timely control measures after the Wuhan shutdown wok well. Asymptomatic transmission demonstrated here warned us that it may bring more risk to the spread of COVID-19. A 14-day quarantine may need to be prolonged. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32401170, "title": "Prioritizing Frontline Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["Jecker, Nancy S", "Wightman, Aaron G", "Diekema, Douglas S"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401170", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362293, "pmcid": "PMC7225211", "title": "Action and problems related to the COVID-19 outbreak in India.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Sharma, Pooja", "Veer, Karan"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362293", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369276, "pmcid": "PMC7219535", "title": "Adaptations and Lessons in the Province of Bergamo.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Fagiuoli, Stefano", "Lorini, Ferdinando Luca", "Remuzzi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369276", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461245, "title": "Ethical guidelines for deliberately infecting volunteers with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Richards, Adair D"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461245", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Global fatalities related to COVID-19 are expected to be high in 2020-2021. Developing and delivering a vaccine may be the most likely way to end the pandemic. If it were possible to shorten this development time by weeks or months, this may have a significant effect on reducing deaths. Phase II and phase III trials could take less long to conduct if they used human challenge methods-that is, deliberately infecting participants with COVID-19 following inoculation. This article analyses arguments for and against such methods and provides suggested broad guidelines for regulators, researchers and ethics committees when considering these matters. It concludes that it may be possible to maintain current ethical standards yet still permit human challenge trials in a context where delay is critical. The implications are that regulators and researchers need to work together now to design robust but short trials and streamline ethics approval processes so that they are in place when applications for trials are made."}, {"pmid": 32333166, "pmcid": "PMC7180646", "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome following COVID-19: new infection, old complication?", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Padroni, Marina", "Mastrangelo, Vincenzo", "Asioli, Gian Maria", "Pavolucci, Lucia", "Abu-Rumeileh, Samir", "Piscaglia, Maria Grazia", "Querzani, Pietro", "Callegarini, Claudio", "Foschi, Matteo"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333166", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510581, "title": "Clinical characteristics and laboratory results of pregnant women with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Wang, Zhiqiang", "Wang, Zhigang", "Xiong, Guoping"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510581", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the clinical characteristics and laboratory test results in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A retrospective study to review and compare clinical data including electronic medical records and laboratory tests from pregnant and nonpregnant patients admitted the Central Hospital of Wuhan, China from December 8, 2019 to April 1, 2020. A total of 72 women (30 pregnant and 42 nonpregnant) with COVID-19 were included. No patients developed severe pneumonia during the study. Compared with the nonpregnant group, pregnant patients were admitted to hospital earlier (0.25 vs 11.00\u00a0days; P<0.001), presented milder symptoms, had a higher rate of asymptomatic infection (26.7% vs 0%), and shorter length of hospital stay (14.5 vs 17.0\u00a0days; P<0.01). Laboratory test results showed that levels of inflammation markers such as white blood cell count, neutrophil count and percentage, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and D-dimer were significantly higher in pregnant women, whereas mean lymphocyte percentage was significantly lower compared with nonpregnant women. In some respects, the clinical characteristics and laboratory test results of COVID-19 in pregnant patients seems to be distinctive from their nonpregnant counterparts. Appropriate advice and positive treatment might be critical to the prognosis when dealing with these pregnant patients. Pregnant patients with COVID-19 had their own positive clinical characteristics and special laboratory test results. Responsive medical advice and active treatment for those patients are critical to recovery."}, {"pmid": 32498653, "title": "Letter to the Editor: Assessing the Long-Term Potential of Relaxing Regulations: Should We Go Back to Business as Usual?", "journal": "J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A", "authors": ["Jabbour, Nicolas", "Carlis, Avital", "Orthopoulos, Georgios"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498653", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in reallocation of health care resources and removal of barriers to deliver expedited care to those in need. This might be a unique moment in history to reconsider the regulations within our health care system that significantly increase its cost."}, {"pmid": 32433293, "pmcid": "PMC7268837", "title": "Minimizing the Risk of Aerosol Contamination During Elective Lung Resection Surgery.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Rakovich, George", "Urbanowicz, Robert", "Issa, Rami", "Wang, Han Ting"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433293", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, the conduct of elective cancer surgery has become an issue because of the need to balance the requirement to treat patients with the possibility of transmission of the virus by asymptomatic carriers. A particular concern is the potential for viral transmission by way of aerosol which may be generated during perioperative care. There are currently no guidelines for the conduct of elective lung resection surgery in this context. A working group composed of 1 thoracic surgeon, 2 anesthesiologists and 1 critical care specialist assessed the risk for aerosol during lung resection surgery and proposed steps for mitigation. After external review, a final draft was approved by the Committee for the Governance of Perioperative and Surgical Activities of the H\u00f4pital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, in Montreal, Canada. The working group divided the risk for aerosol into 6 time-points: (1) intubation and extubation; (2) Lung isolation and patient positioning; (3) access to the chest; (4) conduct of the surgical procedure; (5) procedure termination and lung re-expansion; (6) chest drainage. Mitigating strategies were proposed for each time-point. The situation with COVID-19 is an opportunity to re-evaluate operating room protocols both for the purposes of this pandemic and similar situations in the future. In the context of lung resection surgery, specific time points during the procedure seem to pose specific risks for the genesis of aerosol and thus should be the focus of attention."}, {"pmid": 32398329, "title": "An Approach to Consolidating Pediatric Hospital Beds During the COVID-19 Surge.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Franca, Urbano L", "McManus, Michael L"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398329", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294816, "title": "[Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was used to diagnose two cases of 2019-nCoV infection].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tan, F R", "Qiu, Y L", "Xu, Z"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294816", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The case reports 2 cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia diagnosed by concurrent bronchoalveolar lavage in our hospital, 1 case had a history of epidemiology, clinical symptoms and high imaging suspicion, but repeated negative throat swabs. One patient was diagnosed 2019-nCoV. Before the patient was discharged, the clinical symptoms disappeared, the chest CT showed significant improvement, and the pharynx swab was twice negative, reaching the discharge standard.We detected the ORF 1ab gene, the N gene and the nucleic acid of the new coronavirus in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid of 2 patients. The results showed that the positive rate of bronchoalveolar lavage for detection of new coronavirus nucleic acid was high, and bronchoalveolar lavage for suspected or confirmed new coronavirus pneumonia patients with negative detection of nucleic acid in pharynx swabs but still residual lung lesions was helpful for early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32510762, "title": "Time-to-change: dementia care in COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychogeriatrics", "authors": ["Shea, Yat F", "Wan, Wai H", "Chan, Maggie M K", "DeKosky, Steven T"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510762", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505030, "pmcid": "PMC7255187", "title": "Suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of insomnia.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Killgore, William D S", "Cloonan, Sara A", "Taylor, Emily C", "Fernandez, Fabian", "Grandner, Michael A", "Dailey, Natalie S"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505030", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is growing concern over the potential for increased suicide risk in vulnerable populations as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds. To contextualize this risk during the first weeks of the nationwide lockdown efforts, we had 1,013 U.S. adults complete questionnaires assessing worries over COVID-19, insomnia severity, and suicidal ideation. Anxiety about COVID-19 correlated positively with insomnia severity and suicidal ideation. Analysis revealed that the statistical association between pandemic fears and suicidal thinking was fully accounted for by insomnia severity, suggesting that interventions aimed at improving sleep may be useful in reducing suicide risk during the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32304726, "pmcid": "PMC7158775", "title": "Innovative technologies for hand hygiene monitoring are urgently needed in the fight against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Cawthorne, K-R", "Cooke, R P D"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304726", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277530, "pmcid": "PMC7235519", "title": "COVID-19 and SARS: Differences and similarities.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Caldaria, Antonio", "Conforti, Claudio", "Di Meo, Nicola", "Dianzani, Caterina", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Zalaudek, Iris", "Giuffrida, Roberta"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277530", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313885, "pmcid": "PMC7164888", "title": "COVID-19 Clinical Trials: A Primer for the Cardiovascular and Cardio-Oncology Communities.", "journal": "JACC CardioOncol", "authors": ["Ky, Bonnie", "Mann, Douglas L"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313885", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a proliferation of clinical trials that are designed to slow the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. The overwhelming majority of cardiovascular and cancer patients are at increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection; accordingly, the cardiovascular and cardio-oncology communities are playing a major role in caring for COVID-19 patients. Many of the therapeutic agents that are being used to treat patients with COVID-19 are repurposed treatments for influenza, drugs that were not effective in Ebola patients, or treatments for malaria that were developed decades ago, and are unlikely to be familiar to the cardiovascular and cardio-oncology communities. Here we have provided a foundation for cardiovascular and cardio-oncology physicians who are on the frontline providing care to COVID-19 patients, so that they can better understand the emerging cardiovascular epidemiology of COVID-19, as well as the biological rationale for the clinical trials that are ongoing for the treatment of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32165205, "pmcid": "PMC7126344", "title": "Atypical lung feature on chest CT in a lung adenocarcinoma cancer patient infected with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Qu, J", "Yang, R", "Song, L", "Kamel, I R"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165205", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32252591, "title": "COVID-19 and the Heart.", "journal": "Circ Res", "authors": ["Akhmerov, Akbarshakh", "Marban, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252591", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome novel coronavirus produces a clinical syndrome known as 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). When severe, COVID-19 is a systemic illness characterized by hyperinflammation, cytokine storm, and elevations of cardiac injury biomarkers. Here, we review what is known about the pathophysiology of COVID-19, its cardiovascular manifestations, and emerging therapeutic prospects. In this rapidly moving field, this review was comprehensive as of April 3, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32392009, "title": "[COVID-19 in the Emergency Department of Bernhoven hospital].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Buenen, A G", "Wever, P C", "Borst, D P", "Slieker, K A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392009", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe disease presentation and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) of Bernhoven hospital in Uden, the Netherlands. Prospective, descriptive study. The registry focused on atypical symptoms and co-infections. We hypothesized that patients older than 70 years more often have atypical symptoms. The number of co-infections is unknown. Therefore, we prospectively registered medical history, duration of symptoms, symptoms, temperature, lab results and co-infections of patients with confirmed COVID-19 in the period March 4-16th. The clinical characteristics of 107 patients were registered. The average age was 71 years and 41% was female. The median duration of symptoms was 5 days. 19% of patients had not been referred to pulmonary or internal medicine. Symptoms were fever (78%), respiratory complaints (78%), chest pain (28%), abdominal pain (13%), and diarrhea (34%). In 54% of the COVID-19 patients at the ED, the temperature was \u2265 38,0\u00b0C, CRP \u2265 50 in 51%, leucocytosis in 12% and elevated LD in 61%. Of 31 patients 24 (77%) had an absolute lymphopenia. Co-infections were seen in 16% of patients. The mortality in the ED was 2% and ICU-admission 5%. On March 25th, 2020 the overall mortality was 22% and ICU-admission 15%. We have seen patients with a very serious disease resulting in a high mortality and ICU-admission. Over 35% of patient did not have the typical symptoms of fever and respiratory complaints; atypical symptoms like chest pain, abdominal pain and diarrhea are frequently seen. There is no difference between patients over and under 70 years. COVID-19 patients can present with atypical symptoms, co-infections and distributed over various medical specialties."}, {"pmid": 32172550, "pmcid": "PMC7113162", "title": "Recommendations for anesthesia in patients suspected of COVID-19 Coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Korean J Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Kim, Hyun Joo", "Ko, Justin Sangwook", "Kim, Tae-Yop"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32172550", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418207, "title": "A hybrid approach to tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients ensuring staff safety.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Tanaka, L", "Alexandru, M", "Jbyeh, S", "Desbrosses, C", "Bouzit, Z", "Cheisson, G", "Papon, J F", "Nevoux, J"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418207", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425009, "pmcid": "PMC7210101", "title": "Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in a COVID-19 patient with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after lung transplantation: a case report.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Xuan, Tian-Ming", "Wang, Xing-Xiang", "Pu, Xiang-Yuan", "Han, Wei-Li", "Guo, Xiao-Gang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425009", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present an unusual case of a patient with bilateral-lung transplantation due to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), who subsequently suffered complications with acute myocardial infarction and underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)."}, {"pmid": 32344309, "pmcid": "PMC7179515", "title": "COVIDiagnosis-Net: Deep Bayes-SqueezeNet based diagnosis of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from X-ray images.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Ucar, Ferhat", "Korkmaz, Deniz"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344309", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has a tremendous impact on global health and the daily life of people still living in more than two hundred countries. The crucial action to gain the force in the fight of COVID-19 is to have powerful monitoring of the site forming infected patients. Most of the initial tests rely on detecting the genetic material of the coronavirus, and they have a poor detection rate with the time-consuming operation. In the ongoing process, radiological imaging is also preferred where chest X-rays are highlighted in the diagnosis. Early studies express the patients with an abnormality in chest X-rays pointing to the presence of the COVID-19. On this motivation, there are several studies cover the deep learning-based solutions to detect the COVID-19 using chest X-rays. A part of the existing studies use non-public datasets, others perform on complicated Artificial Intelligent (AI) structures. In our study, we demonstrate an AI-based structure to outperform the existing studies. The SqueezeNet that comes forward with its light network design is tuned for the COVID-19 diagnosis with Bayesian optimization additive. Fine-tuned hyperparameters and augmented dataset make the proposed network perform much better than existing network designs and to obtain a higher COVID-19 diagnosis accuracy."}, {"pmid": 32391586, "pmcid": "PMC7272993", "title": "COVID-19 pandemics and oral health care for older adults.", "journal": "Spec Care Dentist", "authors": ["Marchini, Leonardo", "Ettinger, Ronald L"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391586", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229706, "pmcid": "PMC7202514", "title": "COVID-19 and chronological aging: senolytics and other anti-aging drugs for the treatment or prevention of corona virus infection?", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Sargiacomo, Camillo", "Sotgia, Federica", "Lisanti, Michael P"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229706", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, also known as SARS-CoV-2, is a new emerging zoonotic corona virus of the SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and the MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) family. COVID-19 originated in China and spread world-wide, resulting in the pandemic of 2020. For some reason, COVID-19 shows a considerably higher mortality rate in patients with advanced chronological age. This begs the question as to whether there is a functional association between COVID-19 infection and the process of chronological aging. Two host receptors have been proposed for COVID-19. One is CD26 and the other is ACE-2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2). Interestingly, both CD26 and the angiotensin system show associations with senescence. Similarly, two proposed therapeutics for the treatment of COVID-19 infection are Azithromycin and Quercetin, both drugs with significant senolytic activity. Also, Chloroquine-related compounds inhibit the induction of the well-known senescence marker, Beta-galactosidase. Other anti-aging drugs should also be considered, such as Rapamycin and Doxycycline, as they behave as inhibitors of protein synthesis, blocking both SASP and viral replication. Therefore, we wish to speculate that the fight against COVID-19 disease should involve testing the hypothesis that senolytics and other anti-aging drugs may have a prominent role in preventing the transmission of the virus, as well as aid in its treatment. Thus, we propose that new clinical trials may be warranted, as several senolytic and anti-aging therapeutics are existing FDA-approved drugs, with excellent safety profiles, and would be readily available for drug repurposing efforts. As Azithromycin and Doxycycline are both commonly used antibiotics that inhibit viral replication and IL-6 production, we may want to consider this general class of antibiotics that functionally inhibits cellular protein synthesis as a side-effect, for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32515382, "title": "Cardiovigilance in COVID 19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Kishor, Kamal", "Marwah, Rishabh", "Anantharaj, Avinash", "Kalra, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515382", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID19 (Corona Virus Disease: pandemic started in 2019) pandemic has created not only a public health problem, but as a clinical challenge as well. To the cardiologist, COVID 19 presents a wide spectrum of possibilities for clinical decision-making intervention and improvement. Cardiac dysfunction has been identified as a risk factor, a prognostic factor, a diagnostic tool, differential diagnosis, a complication of COVID 19, and a side effect of its treatment. Certain cardiotropic drugs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of COVID 19. The risk of transmission of COVID 19 is an occupational hazard which cannot be ignored by cardiologists. This review discusses the need and scope of cardio vigilance in COVID 19 management."}, {"pmid": 32321617, "title": "Away-from-home food during coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Public Health Nutr", "authors": ["Bezerra, Ilana N"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321617", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324897, "title": "Management of the first patient with confirmed COVID-19 in pregnancy in India: From guidelines to frontlines.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Sharma, K Aparna", "Kumari, Rajesh", "Kachhawa, Garima", "Chhabra, Anjolie", "Agarwal, Ramesh", "Sharma, Akash", "Kumar, Sunesh", "Bhatla, Neerja"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324897", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369541, "pmcid": "PMC7240841", "title": "Epidemiology of and Risk Factors for Coronavirus Infection in Health Care Workers.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Chou, Roger", "Dana, Tracy", "Buckley, David I", "Selph, Shelley", "Fu, Rongwei", "Totten, Annette M"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369541", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health care workers (HCWs) are at risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. To examine the burden of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV on HCWs and risk factors for infection, using rapid and living review methods. Multiple electronic databases including the WHO Database of Publications on Coronavirus Disease and medRxiv preprint server (2003 through 27 March 2020, with ongoing surveillance through 24 April 2020), and reference lists. Studies published in any language reporting incidence of or outcomes associated with coronavirus infections in HCWs and studies on the association between risk factors (demographic characteristics, role, exposures, environmental and administrative factors, and personal protective equipment [PPE] use) and HCW infections. New evidence will be incorporated on an ongoing basis by using living review methods. One reviewer abstracted data and assessed methodological limitations; verification was done by a second reviewer. 64 studies met inclusion criteria; 43 studies addressed burden of HCW infections (15 on SARS-CoV-2), and 34 studies addressed risk factors (3 on SARS-CoV-2). Health care workers accounted for a significant proportion of coronavirus infections and may experience particularly high infection incidence after unprotected exposures. Illness severity was lower than in non-HCWs. Depression, anxiety, and psychological distress were common in HCWs during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. The strongest evidence on risk factors was on PPE use and decreased infection risk. The association was most consistent for masks but was also observed for gloves, gowns, eye protection, and handwashing; evidence suggested a dose-response relationship. No study evaluated PPE reuse. Certain exposures (such as involvement in intubations, direct patient contact, or contact with bodily secretions) were associated with increased infection risk. Infection control training was associated with decreased risk. There were few studies on risk factors for SARS-CoV-2, the studies had methodological limitations, and streamlined rapid review methods were used. Health care workers experience significant burdens from coronavirus infections, including SARS-CoV-2. Use of PPE and infection control training are associated with decreased infection risk, and certain exposures are associated with increased risk. World Health Organization."}, {"pmid": 32188753, "pmcid": "PMC7082143", "title": "COVID-19: Knowns, Unknowns, and Questions.", "journal": "mSphere", "authors": ["Weston, Stuart", "Frieman, Matthew B"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188753", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from the Hubei province in China in late 2019 demonstrates the epidemic potential of coronaviruses. The rapid spread of this virus across the world in only 2 months highlights the transmissibility of this family of viruses and the significant morbidity and mortality that they can cause. We highlight the current state of knowledge of coronavirus biology while answering questions concerning the current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32379329, "pmcid": "PMC7206502", "title": "Clinical Characteristics and Results of Semen Tests Among Men With Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Li, Diangeng", "Jin, Meiling", "Bao, Pengtao", "Zhao, Weiguo", "Zhang, Shixi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379329", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487335, "pmcid": "PMC7255165", "title": "Nasopharyngeal swab collection in the suspicion of Covid-19.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Piras, Antonio", "Rizzo, Davide", "Longoni, Eleonora", "Turra, Nicola", "Urru, Silvana", "Saba, Pier Paolo", "Musumano, Lucia", "Bussu, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487335", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA on nasopharyngeal swab is the standard for diagnosing active Covid-19 disease in asymptomatic subjects and in symptomatic patients without the typical radiological findings. Nasopharyngeal swabbing appears a trivial procedure, still an inappropriate nasopharyngeal sampling, performed by untrained operators, can be a relevant cause of false negative findings with a clear negative impact on the effort to control the epidemic and, when PPE is not properly used, this can expose healthcare workers and patients to risks of contagion."}, {"pmid": 32348232, "title": "A Patient with COVID-19 Disease in a Referral Hospital in Iran: A Typical Case.", "journal": "Infect Disord Drug Targets", "authors": ["Ghiasvand, Fereshteh", "Miandoab, Sepideh Zahak", "Harandi, Hamid", "Golestan, Fereshteh Shahmari", "Alinaghi, Seyed Ahmad Seyed"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348232", "countries": ["Italy", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Japan", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the initial Wuhan outbreak in the end of December 2019, many new cases were found in other provinces of China and also many other countries over the world, including South Korea, Italy, Iran, Japan, and 68 other countries. We presented a 61-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus was referred to the emergency department of a referral hospital in Tehran, Iran. The patient presented with fever, chills, and myalgia within three days. Laboratory analysis showed increased levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and mild leukopenia. SARSCoV-2 PCR test -under Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoH&ME) guidelines - result was positive and the chest X-ray shows bilateral ground glass opacity. O2 saturation was 87% (without O2 therapy). The patient was hospitalized and treated with Oseltamivir 75 mg every 12 hours, Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Kaletra) 400/100 mg every 12 hours and hydroxychloroquine 400 mg stat. The patient last O2 saturation measured was 93% and had no fever in the 10th day of hospitalization. So she has been discharged from hospital and homeisolated according to Iran Ministry of Health protocol."}, {"pmid": 32352397, "title": "The hemocyte counts as a potential biomarker for predicting disease progression in COVID-19: a retrospective study.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Zheng, Yufen", "Zhang, Ying", "Chi, Hongbo", "Chen, Shiyong", "Peng, Minfei", "Luo, Lifei", "Chen, Linping", "Li, Jun", "Shen, Bo", "Wang, Donglian"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352397", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives In December 2019, there was an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, and since then, the disease has been increasingly spread throughout the world. Unfortunately, the information about early prediction factors for disease progression is relatively limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate the risk factors of developing severe disease. The objective of the study was to reveal the risk factors of developing severe disease by comparing the differences in the hemocyte count and dynamic profiles in patients with severe and non-severe COVID-19. Methods In this retrospectively analyzed cohort, 141 confirmed COVID-19 patients were enrolled in Taizhou Public Health Medical Center, Taizhou Hospital, Zhejiang Province, China, from January 17, 2020 to February 26, 2020. Clinical characteristics and hemocyte counts of severe and non-severe COVID patients were collected. The differences in the hemocyte counts and dynamic profiles in patients with severe and non-severe COVID-19 were compared. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify potential biomarkers for predicting disease progression. A concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, decision curve and the clinical impact curve were calculated to assess the predictive accuracy. Results The data showed that the white blood cell count, neutrophil count and platelet count were normal on the day of hospital admission in most COVID-19 patients (87.9%, 85.1% and 88.7%, respectively). A total of 82.8% of severe patients had lymphopenia after the onset of symptoms, and as the disease progressed, there was marked lymphopenia. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the neutrophil count (hazard ratio [HR]\u2009=\u20094.441, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.954-10.090, p\u2009=\u20090.000), lymphocyte count (HR\u2009=\u20090.255, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.097-0.669, p\u2009=\u20090.006) and platelet count (HR\u2009=\u20090.244, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.111-0.537, p\u2009=\u20090.000) were independent risk factors for disease progression. The C-index (0.821 [95% CI, 0.746-0.896]), calibration curve, decision curve and the clinical impact curve showed that the nomogram can be used to predict the disease progression in COVID-19 patients accurately. In addition, the data involving the neutrophil count, lymphocyte count and platelet count (NLP score) have something to do with improving risk stratification and management of COVID-19 patients. Conclusions We designed a clinically predictive tool which is easy to use for assessing the progression risk of COVID-19, and the NLP score could be used to facilitate patient stratification management."}, {"pmid": 32440663, "pmcid": "PMC7212069", "title": "Pulmonary Thromboembolism as a Potential Cause of Clinical Deterioration in COVID-19 Patients; a Commentary.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Safari, Saeed", "Mehrani, Mehdi", "Yousefifard, Mahmoud"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440663", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the findings of some studies have been indicative of the direct relationship between the severity of clinical findings and imaging, reports have been published regarding inconsistency of clinical findings with imaging and laboratory evidence. Physicians treating these patients frequently report cases in which patients, sometimes in the recovery phase and despite improvements in imaging indices, suddenly deteriorate and in some instances suddenly expire. This letter aimed to draw attention to the role of pulmonary thromboembolism as a potential and possible cause of clinical deterioration in covid-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32463377, "title": "Telehealth in the Context of COVID-19: Changing Perspectives in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Fisk, Malcolm", "Livingstone, Anne", "Pit, Sabrina Winona"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463377", "countries": ["United States", "Australia", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic. On that date, there were 134,576 reported cases and 4981 deaths worldwide. By March 26, 2020, just 2 weeks later, reported cases had increased four-fold to 531,865, and deaths increased five-fold to 24,073. Older people are both major users of telehealth services and are more likely to die as a result of COVID-19. This paper examines the extent that Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, during the 2 weeks following the pandemic announcement, sought to promote telehealth as a tool that could help identify COVID-19 among older people who may live alone, be frail, or be self-isolating, and give support to or facilitate the treatment of people who are or may be infected. This paper reports, for the 2-week period previously mentioned and immediately prior, on activities and initiatives in the three countries taken by governments or their agencies (at national or state levels) together with publications or guidance issued by professional, trade, and charitable bodies. Different sources of information are drawn upon that point to the perceived likely benefits of telehealth in fighting the pandemic. It is not the purpose of this paper to draw together or analyze information that reflects growing knowledge about COVID-19, except where telehealth is seen as a component. The picture that emerges for the three countries, based on the sources identified, shows a number of differences. These differences center on the nature of their health services, the extent of attention given to older people (and the circumstances that can relate to them), the different geographies (notably concerned with rurality), and the changes to funding frameworks that could impact these. Common to all three countries is the value attributed to maintaining quality safeguards in the wider context of their health services but where such services are noted as sometimes having precluded significant telehealth use. The COVID-19 pandemic is forcing changes and may help to establish telehealth more firmly in its aftermath. Some of the changes may not be long-lasting. However, the momentum is such that telehealth will almost certainly find a stronger place within health service frameworks for each of the three countries and is likely to have increased acceptance among both patients and health care providers."}, {"pmid": 32428997, "title": "Geriatric practice during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Geriatr Gerontol Int", "authors": ["Omura, Takuya", "Araki, Atsushi", "Shigemoto, Kazuhiro", "Toba, Kenji"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428997", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501302, "pmcid": "PMC7252124", "title": "Impact of social distancing during COVID-19 pandemic on crime in Los Angeles and Indianapolis.", "journal": "J Crim Justice", "authors": ["Mohler, George", "Bertozzi, Andrea L", "Carter, Jeremy", "Short, Martin B", "Sledge, Daniel", "Tita, George E", "Uchida, Craig D", "Brantingham, P Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501302", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Governments have implemented social distancing measures to address the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The measures include instructions that individuals maintain social distance when in public, school closures, limitations on gatherings and business operations, and instructions to remain at home. Social distancing may have an impact on the volume and distribution of crime. Crimes such as residential burglary may decrease as a byproduct of increased guardianship over personal space and property. Crimes such as domestic violence may increase because of extended periods of contact between potential offenders and victims. Understanding the impact of social distancing on crime is critical for ensuring the safety of police and government capacity to deal with the evolving crisis. Understanding how social distancing policies impact crime may also provide insights into whether people are complying with public health measures. Examination of the most recently available data from both Los Angeles, CA, and Indianapolis, IN, shows that social distancing has had a statistically significant impact on a few specific crime types. However, the overall effect is notably less than might be expected given the scale of the disruption to social and economic life."}, {"pmid": 32404217, "title": "COVID-19 Psychological Impact in 3109 Healthcare workers in Spain: The PSIMCOV Group.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Romero, Carolina-S", "Catala, Juan", "Delgado, Carlos", "Ferrer, Carolina", "Errando, Carlos", "Iftimi, Adina", "Benito, Ana", "De Andres, Jose", "Otero, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404217", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317197, "pmcid": "PMC7194619", "title": "Health anxiety and behavioural changes of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Corbett, Gillian A", "Milne, Sarah J", "Hehir, Mark P", "Lindow, Stephen W", "O'connell, Michael P"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317197", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383161, "pmcid": "PMC7267408", "title": "Early look at the future of healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Abu Hilal, M", "Besselink, M G", "Lemmers, D H L", "Taylor, M A", "Triboldi, A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383161", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229433, "pmcid": "PMC7239364", "title": "Interventional radiology and COVID-19: evidence-based measures to limit transmission.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Chandy, Poornima Elizabeth", "Nasir, Muhammad Umer", "Srinivasan, Sivasubramanian", "Klass, Darren", "Nicolaou, Savvas", "B Babu, Suresh"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229433", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As we face an explosion of COVID-19 cases and deal with an unprecedented set of circumstances all over the world, healthcare personnel are at the forefront, dealing with this emerging scenario. Certain subspecialties like interventional radiology entails a greater risk of acquiring and transmitting infection due to the close patient contact and invasive patient care the service provides. This makes it imperative to develop and set guidelines in place to limit transmission and utilize resources in an optimal fashion. A multi-tiered approach needs to be devised and monitored at the administrative level, taking into account the various staff and patient contact points. Based on these factors, work site and health force rearrangements need to be in place while enforcing segregation and disinfection parameters. We are putting forth an all-encompassing review of infection control measures that cover the dynamics of patient care and staff protocols that such a situation demands of an interventional department."}, {"pmid": 32502659, "pmcid": "PMC7265877", "title": "Potential role of statins in COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lee, Ken C H", "Sewa, D W", "Phua, G C"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502659", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with COVID-19 infection have an increased risk of cardiovascular complications and thrombotic events. Statins are known for their pleiotropic anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and immunomodulatory effects. They may have a potential role as adjunctive therapy to mitigate the effects of endothelial dysfunction and dysregulated inflammation in patients with COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32147378, "pmcid": "PMC7127327", "title": "COVID-19 and Blood Safety: Help with a Dilemma.", "journal": "Transfus Med Rev", "authors": ["Dodd, Roger Y", "Stramer, Susan L"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32147378", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227760, "pmcid": "PMC7121452", "title": "Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Vaduganathan, Muthiah", "Vardeny, Orly", "Michel, Thomas", "McMurray, John J V", "Pfeffer, Marc A", "Solomon, Scott D"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227760", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246789, "title": "2020: The Year of the Nurse as Seen Through a Coronavirus Lens.", "journal": "J Nurs Scholarsh", "authors": ["Gennaro, Susan"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246789", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322916, "pmcid": "PMC7176313", "title": "Contribution of Interventional Radiology to the Management of COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Monfardini, Lorenzo", "Sallemi, Claudio", "Gennaro, Nicolo", "Pedicini, Vittorio", "Bna, Claudio"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322916", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394237, "pmcid": "PMC7211561", "title": "Sudden death due to acute pulmonary embolism in a young woman with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Polat, Veli", "Bostanci, Gungor Ilayda"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394237", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that primarily affects the respiratory system, but it may cause cardiovascular complications such as thromboembolism. Rarely, pulmonary embolism may be encountered in patients with severe COVID-19 infection, especially in intensive care units. An asymptomatic young case of COVID-19 presenting with sudden death due to acute massive pulmonary embolism has not been previously described. We report a 41-year-old woman presented to emergency department with sudden death during physical activity. She had only history of diabetes mellitus and she was asymptomatic until sudden death. CT pulmonary angiography and chest CT scans revealed acute massive embolism and typical imaging findings of COVID-19 pneumonia, respectively. Interestingly, the patient had no symptoms or signs of infection and also had no risk factors for thromboembolism. COVID-19 infection appears to induce venous thromboembolism, especially pulmonary embolism. The case is remarkable in terms of showing how insidious and life-threatening COVID-19 infection can be."}, {"pmid": 32496106, "title": "Resilience is spreading: Mental health within the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["PeConga, Emma K", "Gauthier, Gabrielle M", "Holloway, Ash", "Walker, Rosemary S W", "Rosencrans, Peter L", "Zoellner, Lori A", "Bedard-Gilligan, Michele"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496106", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic is in many ways unchartered mental health territory, but history would suggest that long-term resilience will be the most common outcome, even for those most directly impacted by the outbreak. We address 4 common myths about resilience and discuss ways to systematically build individual and community resiliency. Actively cultivating social support, adaptive meaning, and direct prosocial behaviors to reach the most vulnerable can have powerful resilience promoting effects. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32414770, "title": "England's health policy response to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Alderwick, Hugh", "Dunn, Phoebe", "Dixon, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414770", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441789, "title": "Predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Tian, Wenjie", "Jiang, Wanlin", "Yao, Jie", "Nicholson, Christopher J", "Li, Rebecca H", "Sigurslid, Haakon H", "Wooster, Luke", "Rotter, Jerome I", "Guo, Xiuqing", "Malhotra, Rajeev"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441789", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mortality rates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continue to rise across the world. Information regarding the predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients remains scarce. Herein, we performed a systematic review of published articles, from January 1 to April 24, 2020, to evaluate the risk factors associated with mortality in COVID-19. Two investigators independently searched the articles and collected the data, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. We looked for associations between mortality and patient characteristics, comorbidities, and laboratory abnormalities. A total of 14 studies documenting the outcomes of 4659 patients were included. The presence of comorbidities such as hypertension (OR 2.5; 95% CI 2.1-3.1; P<0.00001), coronary heart disease (OR 3.8; 95% CI 2.1-6.9; P<0.00001) and diabetes (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.7-2.3; P<0.00001) were associated with significantly higher risk of death amongst COVID-19 patients. Those who died, compared to those who survived, differed on multiple biomarker levels on admission including elevated levels of cardiac troponin (+44.2 ng/L, 95% CI 19.0-69.4; P=0.0006); C-reactive protein (+66.3 \u00b5g/mL, 95% CI 46.7-85.9; P<0.00001); interleukin-6 (+4.6 ng/mL, 95% CI 3.6-5.6; P<0.00001); D-dimer (+4.6 \u00b5g/mL, 95% CI 2.8-6.4; P<0.00001); creatinine (+15.3 \u00b5mol/L, 95% CI 6.2-24.3; P=0.001) and alanine transaminase (+5.7 U/L, 95% CI 2.6-8.8; P=0.0003); as well as decreased levels of albumin (-3.7 g/L, 95% CI -5.3 to -2.1; P<0.00001). Individuals with underlying cardiometabolic disease and that present with evidence for acute inflammation and end-organ damage are at higher risk of mortality due to COVID-19 infection and should be managed with greater intensity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32445629, "pmcid": "PMC7239622", "title": "Health care and mental health challenges for transgender individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol", "authors": ["Wang, Yuanyuan", "Pan, Bailin", "Liu, Ye", "Wilson, Amanda", "Ou, Jianjun", "Chen, Runsen"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445629", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350686, "pmcid": "PMC7189176", "title": "Anti COVID-19 Drugs: Need for More Clinical Evidence and Global Action.", "journal": "Adv Ther", "authors": ["Khan, Zakir", "Karatas, Yusuf", "Rahman, Hazir"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350686", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) called the outbreak of coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) a \"Public Health Emergency of International Concern\" (PHEIC). According to the WHO, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), currently there are no medicines or vaccines that have been claimed to be useful in the prevention or treatment of COVID-19. Several existing antiviral drugs, previously developed or used as treatments for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and malaria, are being investigated as COVID-19 treatments and some of them are being used in clinical trials. According to the CDC and Chinese treatment guidelines for COVID-19, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and one of the investigational agents (remdesivir) are recommended in critically ill older patients. The use of other potential drugs reported in different studies may be considered if treatment with first-line drugs is ineffective. There are currently no complete data available from large randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to provide clinical guidance on the use, dosing, or duration to validate the effective role, safety profile, and adverse effects of all of the trial drugs for prophylaxis or treatment of COVID-19. Until now, it is still unclear which drug can successfully fight against the disease. Therefore, for the better safety of patients with COVID-19, further clinical trials and large randomized controlled studies are needed to validate the effective role, safety profile, and adverse effects of all the potential drugs. Such a measure requires action at the global level."}, {"pmid": 32285221, "pmcid": "PMC7153351", "title": "Contracting HIV or Contracting SAR-CoV-2 (COVID- 19) in Pregnancy? Balancing the Risks and Benefits.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Joseph Davey, Dvora", "Bekker, Linda-Gail", "Coates, Thomas J", "Myer, Landon"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285221", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265538, "title": "The pandemic in pictures: how coronavirus is changing the world.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Stoye, Emma"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265538", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364677, "pmcid": "PMC7261981", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients-Where we are?", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Machado, David Jose de Barros", "Ianhez, Luiz Estevam"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364677", "countries": ["China", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, China reported cases of respiratory illness in humans that involved a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. On March 20, 2020, the first coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Brazil was diagnosed, and by now, we present the report on the first case of COVID among transplant recipients in our country. A liver and kidney transplant patient with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia without respiratory failure was treated in a clinical multimodal strategy consisting of symptomatic support therapy, immunosuppression reduction, use of anti-coronavirus drugs and heparin leading to a progressive improvement of patient symptoms till discharge. The authors also present a comprehensive review of published cases."}, {"pmid": 32305025, "pmcid": "PMC7151291", "title": "Epidemiological and initial clinical characteristics of patients with family aggregation of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Xia, Xiao-Ying", "Wu, Jing", "Liu, He-Lei", "Xia, Hong", "Jia, Bei", "Huang, Wen-Xiang"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305025", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a new outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan (Hubei, China) and rapidly spread throughout China, however, confirmed cases are still increasing worldwide. To investigate the epidemiological history and initial clinical characteristics of 10 patients with family aggregation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Western Chongqing, China. Ten patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid detection by real time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), were collected from The People's Hospital of Dazu District, Chongqing. Epidemiological data and laboratory and imaging results were collected on the first day of admission, and analyzed based on the Diagnosis and Treatment Guideline for COVID-19 (5th edition, China). Of the 10 cases, case A had a history of a temporary stay in Wuhan and transmitted the virus to the others through family gathering, living together, and sharing vehicles. The average age was 56.5 years (\u00b1 11.16), six patients were males, and the incubation period was 2-14 days. Dry cough was the main symptom, followed by fever and fatigue. Most patients were clinically classified as ordinary-type, with three cases being severe-type. Chest computed tomography results were nonspecific, mainly with ground-glass attenuation and/or shadow images. Extensive lesion distribution was seen in severe cases. CD4+ lymphocyte counts were 61, 180, and 348 cells/uL in severe-type patients, respectively. Notably, viral nucleic acid values in nasopharyngeal swabs were lower (19, 25, and 26) than those of ordinary-type patients, suggesting a higher viral load. Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was also higher in severe-type patients CONCLUSIONS: Initial examination results of lower CD4+ lymphocyte counts and RT-PCR-CT values coupled with higher NLR may indicate the severity of COVID-19 infection for these family clusters."}, {"pmid": 32372742, "pmcid": "PMC7242771", "title": "Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections: What do we need to know?", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Tan, Caixia", "Xiao, Yuanyuan", "Meng, Xiujuan", "Huang, Xun", "Li, Chunhui", "Wu, Anhua"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372742", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362300, "pmcid": "PMC7256217", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: achieving good mental health during social isolation.", "journal": "Br J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Diamond, Rowan", "Willan, John"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362300", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to unprecedented disruption to the normal way of life for people around the globe. Social distancing, self-isolation or shielding have been strongly advised or mandated in most countries. We suggest evidence-based ways that people can maintain or even strengthen their mental health during this crisis."}, {"pmid": 32418860, "pmcid": "PMC7190481", "title": "[Perniosis-like skin lesions during the COVID-19 epidemic].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Monte Serrano, Juan", "Cruanes Monferrer, Joana", "Matovelle Ochoa, Cristina", "Garcia-Gil, Miguel Fernando"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418860", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410765, "pmcid": "PMC7221361", "title": "[OnabotulinumtoxinA infiltration and nerve blocks in patients with headache and neuralgia: safety recommendations to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection].", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Santos-Lasaosa, S", "Porta-Etessam, J"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410765", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to the need for changes in clinical practice, with new strategies to enable integrated care for patients with headache and neuralgia. Given the high spreadability of SARS-CoV-2, new safety measures are required in such procedures as onabotulinumtoxinA infiltration and nerve blocks. We present a series of recommendations based on the measures implemented to prevent infection in our healthcare system. We differentiate between measures related to patients and physicians, to technique, to infrastructure (waiting room and consultation), and to healthcare management."}, {"pmid": 32288785, "pmcid": "PMC7107008", "title": "How to risk-stratify elective surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Patient Saf Surg", "authors": ["Stahel, Philip F"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288785", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224612, "pmcid": "PMC7179543", "title": "A Study of Basic Needs and Psychological Wellbeing of Medical Workers in the Fever Clinic of a Tertiary General Hospital in Beijing during the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Psychother Psychosom", "authors": ["Cao, Jinya", "Wei, Jing", "Zhu, Huadong", "Duan, Yanping", "Geng, Wenqi", "Hong, Xia", "Jiang, Jing", "Zhao, Xiaohui", "Zhu, Boheng"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224612", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516447, "title": "Biologic agents in psoriasis: our experience during coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Strippoli, Davide", "Barbagallo, Tania", "Prestinari, Francesca", "Russo, Giuseppe", "Fantini, Fabrizio"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516447", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295760, "title": "Covid-19: Guidance is urgently needed on who should be treated in event of shortages, say lawyers.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Clare"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295760", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476218, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019-The principles of the curve, explained simply.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Jozaghi, Yelda"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476218", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, the concept of the disease curve has become ubiquitous in medicine and across society. Nevertheless, even among medical specialists, there are common misconception about the curve and how it affects population outcomes. This article provides a simple review of the various population dynamics at play. Principles such as the area under the curve and the threshold of capacity are discussed and simply conceptualized. Understanding the fundamental characteristics of a problem can allow us to see it with more clarity. By the end of the article, the reader will gain an effortless a sense of insight on this topic."}, {"pmid": 32311078, "pmcid": "PMC7264771", "title": "ELDER ABUSE IN THE COVID-19 ERA.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Han, S Duke", "Mosqueda, Laura"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311078", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496622, "title": "Personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a comment.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Murphy, J H"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496622", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326959, "pmcid": "PMC7179373", "title": "High-flow nasal cannula may be no safer than non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Remy, Kenneth E", "Lin, John C", "Verhoef, Philip A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326959", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520223, "title": "COVID-19 and pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: How to manage it?", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Fragoso, Roberta Paranhos", "Rodrigues, Maraci"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520223", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pediatric gastroenterologists, family members, and caregivers of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are on alert; they are all focused on implementing prophylactic measures to prevent infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, evaluating the risks in each patient, guiding them in their treatment, and keeping IBD in remission. To face the current issues of the coronavirus disease pandemic, we have developed a synthesis of the main recommendations of the literature directed at pediatric gastroenterologists in control of patients with pediatric IBD and adapted to the national reality."}, {"pmid": 32291593, "pmcid": "PMC7156134", "title": "Our darkest hours (being neurosurgeons during the COVID-19 war).", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Borsa, Stefano", "Bertani, Giulio", "Pluderi, Mauro", "Locatelli, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291593", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406140, "pmcid": "PMC7272971", "title": "The ocular surface, coronaviruses and COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Exp Optom", "authors": ["Willcox, Mark Dp", "Walsh, Karen", "Nichols, Jason J", "Morgan, Philip B", "Jones, Lyndon W"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406140", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ocular surface has been suggested as a site of infection with Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) responsible for the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). This review examines the evidence for this hypothesis, and its implications for clinical practice. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, is transmitted by person-to-person contact, via airborne droplets, or through contact with contaminated surfaces. SARS-CoV-2 binds to angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) to facilitate infection in humans. This review sets out to evaluate evidence for the ocular surface as a route of infection. A literature search in this area was conducted on 15 April 2020 using the Scopus database. In total, 287 results were returned and reviewed. There is preliminary evidence for ACE2 expression on corneal and conjunctival cells, but most of the other receptors to which coronaviruses bind appear to be found under epithelia of the ocular surface. Evidence from animal studies is limited, with a single study suggesting viral particles on the eye can travel to the lung, resulting in very mild infection. Coronavirus infection is rarely associated with conjunctivitis, with occasional cases reported in patients with confirmed COVID-19, along with isolated cases of conjunctivitis as a presenting sign. Coronaviruses have been rarely isolated from tears or conjunctival swabs. The evidence suggests coronaviruses are unlikely to bind to ocular surface cells to initiate infection. Additionally, hypotheses that the virus could travel from the nasopharynx or through the conjunctival capillaries to the ocular surface during infection are probably incorrect. Conjunctivitis and isolation of the virus from the ocular surface occur only rarely, and overwhelmingly in patients with confirmed COVID-19. Necessary precautions to prevent person-to-person transmission should be employed in clinical practice throughout the pandemic, and patients should be reminded to maintain good hygiene practices."}, {"pmid": 32445512, "title": "Morbid Obesity as an Independent Risk Factor for COVID-19 Mortality in Hospitalized Patients Younger than 50.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Klang, Eyal", "Kassim, Gassan", "Soffer, Shelly", "Freeman, Robert", "Levin, Matthew A", "Reich, David L"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445512", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 continues to spread and younger patients are also being critically affected. This study analyzed obesity as an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients younger than fifty. We retrospectively analyzed data of COVID-19 patients hospitalized to a large academic hospital system in New York City between March 1st and May 17th, 2020. Data included demographics, comorbidities, BMI and smoking status. Obesity groups included: BMI 30-40 kg/m2 and BMI \u2265 40 kg/m2 . Multivariable logistic regression models identified variables independently associated with mortality in patients younger and older than 50. Overall, 3,406 patients were included. 572 (17.0%) of the patients were younger than 50. In the younger age group, 60 (10.5%) patients died. In the older age group, 1,076 (38.0%) patients died. For the younger population, BMI above 40 kg/m2 was independently associated with mortality (aOR 5.1, 95% CI 2.3-11.1). For the older population, BMI above 40 kg/m2 was also independently associated with mortality to a lesser extent (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2 - 2.3). Our study demonstrates that hospitalized patients younger than 50 with morbid obesity are more likely to die from COVID-19. This is particularly relevant in the western world where obesity rates are high."}, {"pmid": 32339307, "pmcid": "PMC7267299", "title": "Additional hypotheses about why COVID-19 is milder in children than adults.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Ruggiero, Antonio", "Attina, Giorgio", "Chiaretti, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339307", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292839, "pmcid": "PMC7118610", "title": "Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy Recommendations in Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Zaorsky, Nicholas G", "Yu, James B", "McBride, Sean M", "Dess, Robert T", "Jackson, William C", "Mahal, Brandon A", "Chen, Ronald", "Choudhury, Ananya", "Henry, Ann", "Syndikus, Isabel", "Mitin, Timur", "Tree, Alison", "Kishan, Amar U", "Spratt, Daniel E"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292839", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During a global pandemic the benefit of routine visits and treatment of cancer patients must be weighed against the risks to patients, staff, and society. Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers Radiation Oncology departments treat, and efficient resource utilization is essential in the setting of a pandemic. Herein, we aim to establish recommendations and a framework by which to evaluate prostate radiotherapy management decisions. Radiation Oncologists from the United States and United Kingdom rapidly conducted a systematic review and agreed upon recommendations to safely manage prostate cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. A RADS framework was created: Remote visits, and Avoidance, Deferment, and Shortening of radiotherapy was applied to determine appropriate approaches. Recommendations are provided by National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) risk group, including clinical node positive, post-prostatectomy, oligometastatic, and low volume M1 disease. Across all prostate cancer stages, telemedicine consultations and return visits were recommended when resources/staff available. Delays in consultations and return visits was deemed safe based on stage of disease between 1-6 months. Treatment can be avoided or delayed until safe for very low, low, and favorable intermediate-risk disease. Unfavorable intermediate-risk, high-risk, clinical node positive, recurrence post-surgery, oligometastatic, and low-volume M1 disease can receive neoadjuvant hormone therapy for 4-6 months as necessary. Ultrahypofractionation was preferred for localized, oligometastatic, and low volume M1, and moderate hypofractionation was preferred for post-prostatectomy and clinical node positive disease. Salvage was preferred to adjuvant radiation. Resources can be reduced for all identified stages of prostate cancer. The RADS (Remote visits, and Avoidance, Deferment, and Shortening of radiotherapy) framework can be applied to other disease sites to help with decision making in a global pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32512050, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RNA from droplets to faeces: a new focus for proctologists. Correspondence.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Brusciano, L", "Gambardella, C", "Gualtieri, G", "Tolone, S", "Lucido, F S", "Del Genio, G", "Terracciano, G", "Docimo, L"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512050", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448638, "pmcid": "PMC7177094", "title": "Convalescent plasma, an apheresis research project targeting and motivating the fully recovered COVID 19 patients: A rousing message of clinical benefit to both donors and recipients alike.", "journal": "Transfus Apher Sci", "authors": ["Seghatchian, J", "Lanza, F"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448638", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352162, "pmcid": "PMC7267580", "title": "Author response to: Covid-19-related pancreatic injury.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Spinelli, A", "Pellino, G", "Danese, S"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352162", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395930, "title": "Emergency ventilatory support for acute adult respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19.", "journal": "Emergencias", "authors": ["Cinesi Gomez, Cesar", "Carratala Perales, Jose Manuel"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395930", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428345, "title": "Vulnerability of nurse and physicians with COVID-19: Monitoring and surveillance needed.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Jackson, Debra", "Anders, Robert", "Padula, William V", "Daly, John", "Davidson, Patricia M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428345", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527710, "title": "[Repurposing the PICU for caring critically ill adult patients during the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "An Pediatr (Barc)", "authors": ["Vazquez Martinez, Jose Luis", "Alonso Garcia, Rafael"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527710", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360173, "pmcid": "PMC7161513", "title": "Feel Better, Work Better: The COVID-19 Perspective.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Graham, Michelle M", "Higginson, Lyall", "Brindley, Peter G", "Jetly, Rakesh"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360173", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489022, "title": "[Application of Reyanning Mixture in evaluating combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Bao, Lei", "Shi, Yu-Jing", "Geng, Zi-Han", "Sun, Jing", "Zhao, Rong-Hua", "DU, Cheng-Qiang", "Chu, Ya-Jun", "Cui, Xiao-Lan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489022", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the previous research, our laboratory established a mouse model combining disease with syndrome of human coronavi-rus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome, based on the national traditional Chinese medicine clinical classification of Novel Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan. In this study, a mouse model combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Reyanning Mixture to provide animal experimental support for clinical application. Mice were divided into normal group, 229 E infection group, cold-dampness group, cold-dampness+229 E infection group(the model group), Reyanning high and low dose groups. The cold-dampness group, cold-dampness+229 E infection group, two Reyanning groups were given cold and damp stimulation for 7 days. On the 5 th day, the 229 E infection group, cold-dampness+229 E infection group, and two Reyanning groups were infected with HCoV-229 E virus. Reyanning was administered for 3 days, starting from the day of infection. Blood was collected on the 4 th day and the lung tissue was dissected to calculate the lung index and inhibition rate; flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood; RT-PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid virus load in lung tissue; ELISA was used to detect motilin and gastrin in serum, and inflammatory factors TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, IL-6, IL-10 in lung tissue proteins. Reyanning Mixture could reduce the lung index(P<0.01) of coronavirus pneumonia mice with pestilence attacking the lung; it could significantly increase the percentage of CD8~+ T lymphocytes and CD4~+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of model mice(P<0.05, P<0.01). The low dose of Reyanning could effectively increase the percentage of total B lymphocytes(P<0.05), reduce virus load in lung tissue of model mice(P<0.01), reduce the levels of TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, IL-6, IL-10 in the lung tissue of model mice(P<0.01), reduce the content of motilin in the serum of model mice(P<0.01). Reyanning Mixture convey a better effect in treating coronavirus pneumonia mice with pestilence attacking the lung. It manifested obvious effects in improving lung lesions, enhancing the gastrointestinal function of mice, improving the autoimmune function of mice, and reducing the expression of inflammatory factors in vivo, which could provide evidences for clinical research."}, {"pmid": 32513453, "title": "Defending the front lines during the COVID-19 pandemic: Protecting our first responders and emergency medical service personnel.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ehrlich, Haley", "McKenney, Mark", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513453", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339472, "pmcid": "PMC7195023", "title": "Diagnosing malaria and other febrile illnesses during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Dittrich, Sabine", "Lamy, Marie", "Acharya, Shreehari", "Thu, Htin Kyaw", "Datta, Rittika", "Blacksell, Stuart D", "Hein, Phone Si", "Mercado, Chris Erwin G", "Ding, Xavier C", "Chebbi, Amita"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339472", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32194944, "pmcid": "PMC7062204.2", "title": "Prediction of the SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) 3C-like protease (3CL (pro)) structure: virtual screening reveals velpatasvir, ledipasvir, and other drug repurposing candidates.", "journal": "F1000Res", "authors": ["Chen, Yu Wai", "Yiu, Chin-Pang Bennu", "Wong, Kwok-Yin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32194944", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We prepared the three-dimensional model of the SARS-CoV-2 (aka 2019-nCoV) 3C-like protease (3CL pro) using the crystal structure of the highly similar (96% identity) ortholog from the SARS-CoV. All residues involved in the catalysis, substrate binding and dimerisation are 100% conserved. Comparison of the polyprotein PP1AB sequences showed 86% identity. The 3C-like cleavage sites on the coronaviral polyproteins are highly conserved. Based on the near-identical substrate specificities and high sequence identities, we are of the opinion that some of the previous progress of specific inhibitors development for the SARS-CoV enzyme can be conferred on its SARS-CoV-2 counterpart. \u00a0With the 3CL pro molecular model, we performed virtual screening for purchasable drugs and proposed 16 candidates for consideration. Among these, the antivirals ledipasvir or velpatasvir are particularly attractive as therapeutics to combat the new coronavirus with minimal side effects, commonly fatigue and headache.\u00a0 The drugs Epclusa (velpatasvir/sofosbuvir) and Harvoni (ledipasvir/sofosbuvir) could be very effective owing to their dual inhibitory actions on two viral enzymes."}, {"pmid": 32533988, "title": "COVID19 in South Asians/Asian Indians: Heterogeneity of Data and Implications for Pathophysiology and Research.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Gupta, Ritesh", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533988", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite a large population and limited health infrastructure, the incidence and mortality of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been lower in South Asia than many regions. The underlying reasons and mechanisms for this relative protection are not established. However both genetic and environmental factors might play a role. Polymorphisms in ACE2 gene, ACE gene and in genes for some of the host cell proteases could affect the viral entry and replication. There is some evidence that HLA polymorphisms and several pathways involved in immune and inflammatory response could contribute to ethnic variation. Cross immunity because of past exposure to viral infections as well as malaria is likely to protect from the severe manifestations of disease. Role of BCG vaccination in trained innate immunity is recognised and could be a protective factor against COVID-19. There is limited evidence of the possibility of a less virulent viral strain circulating in South Asia. There is evidence from different parts of the world that temperature and humidity can influence viral survival as well as the host immune response. Finally implementation of early containment measures by some South Asian countries has also contributed to a less disease burden."}, {"pmid": 32489523, "pmcid": "PMC7241533", "title": "Screening for consequences of trauma - an update on the global collaboration on traumatic stress.", "journal": "Eur J Psychotraumatol", "authors": ["Olff, Miranda", "Bakker, Anne", "Frewen, Paul", "Aakvaag, Helene", "Ajdukovic, Dean", "Brewer, Douglas", "Elmore Borbon, Diane L", "Cloitre, Marylene", "Hyland, Philip", "Kassam-Adams, Nancy", "Knefel, Matthias", "Lanza, Juliana A", "Lueger-Schuster, Brigitte", "Nickerson, Angela", "Oe, Misari", "Pfaltz, Monique C", "Salgado, Carolina", "Seedat, Soraya", "Wagner, Anne", "Schnyder, Ulrich"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489523", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This letter provides an update on the activities of \"The Global Collaboration on Traumatic Stress\" (GC-TS) as first described by Schnyder et al. in 2017. It presents in further detail the projects of the first theme, in particular the development of and initial data on the Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS), a brief instrument designed to screen for the wide range of potential outcomes of trauma. English language data and ongoing studies in several languages provide a first indication that the GPS is a feasible, reliable and valid tool, a tool that may be very useful in the current pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Further multi-language and cross-cultural validation is needed. Since the start of the GC-TS, new themes have been introduced to focus on in the coming years: a) Forcibly displaced persons, b) Global prevalence of stress and trauma related disorders, c) Socio-emotional development across cultures, and d) Collaborating to make traumatic stress research data \"FAIR\". The most recent theme added is that of Global crises, currently focusing on COVID-19-related projects."}, {"pmid": 32421272, "title": "Points & Pearls: Novel 2019 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) An Overview for Emergency Clinicians.", "journal": "Emerg Med Pract", "authors": ["Gupta, Nachi", "Nusbaum, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421272", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387005, "pmcid": "PMC7252007", "title": "COVID-19 will severely impact older people's lives, and in many more ways than you think!", "journal": "Braz J Phys Ther", "authors": ["Pelicioni, Paulo H S", "Lord, Stephen R"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387005", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331788, "pmcid": "PMC7158788", "title": "Case-finding: Fast, Available, and Efficient Font-line Diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Rahimi, Farid", "Talebi Bezmin Abadi, Amin"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331788", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382223, "pmcid": "PMC7202263", "title": "The Materials Genome and COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JOM (1989)", "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382223", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496852, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on loss and grief: a personal lens.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Nyatanga, Brian"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496852", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427361, "title": "4 Cases: HIV and SARS-CoV-2 Co-infection in patients from Long Island, New York.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Benkovic, Scott", "Kim, Michelle", "Sin, Eric"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427361", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Originating from Wuhan, China, the novel coronavirus 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading worldwide since the end of 2019. The most common features of these patients include fever, cough, myalgia or fatigue [1]. As of April 16, 2020 the CDC has reported 605,390 cases and 24,582 deaths in the United States. The illness continues to spread through the world infecting people with various different comorbid conditions. Presented here are four cases which represent some of the first cases of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in Long Island, New York. These HIV infected patients were compliant with their HIV medication regimen and had robust CD4 T cell counts. The clinical severity ranged from mild to requiring hospitalization. Three of the four patients had fever and two had cough. One patient presented with diarrhea, the incidence rate of diarrhea in SARS-CoV-2 infection range from 2% to 50% of cases [4]. One patient had anosmia and aguesia, in a study by Moein et al, the 98% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patient experienced some smell dysfunction [5]. One patient required hospitalization however this patient was also infected with influenza A. These cases suggest that uncomplicated cases of SARS-CoV-2 in an HIV infected patient can be managed with self-isolation at home. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32436101, "pmcid": "PMC7238392", "title": "Neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19: a review and a call for action.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Leonardi, Matilde", "Padovani, Alessandro", "McArthur, Justin C"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436101", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the epidemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread globally, more and more evidences are collected about the presence of neurological manifestations and symptoms associated with it. A systematic review has been performed of papers published until 5 April 2020. 29 papers related to neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19 were examined. The results show presence of central and peripheral nervous system manifestations related to coronavirus. Neurological manifestations, or NeuroCOVID, are part of the COVID-19 clinical picture, but questions remain regarding the frequency and severity of CNS symptoms, the mechanism of action underlying neurological symptoms, and the relationship of symptoms with the course and severity of COVID-19. Further clinical, epidemiological, and basic science research is urgently needed to understand and address neurological sequalae of COVID-19. Concomitant risk factors or determinants (e.g. demographic factors, comorbidities, or available biomarkers) that may predispose a person with COVID-19 to neurological manifestations also need to be identified. The review shows that although more and more papers are reporting neurological manifestations associated with COVID-19; however, many items remain unclear and this uncertainty calls for a global action that requires close coordination and open-data sharing between hospitals, academic institutions and the fast establishment of harmonised research priorities and research consortia to face the NeuroCOVID-19 complications."}, {"pmid": 32405084, "pmcid": "PMC7219392", "title": "Correlation between environmental pollution indicators and COVID-19 pandemic: A brief study in Californian context.", "journal": "Environ Res", "authors": ["Bashir, Muhammad Farhan", "Ma, Ben Jiang", "Bilal", "Komal, Bushra", "Bashir, Muhammad Adnan", "Farooq, Taimoor Hassan", "Iqbal, Najaf", "Bashir, Madiha"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405084", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the novel coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak was first detected in Wuhan Hubei province, China. The April 24, 2020, the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions (CDC) has confirmed more than 39,000 cases, including >1800 deaths. California's Governor Gavin Newsom ordered mandatory stay at home after World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic in early March. We have evaluated the correlation between environmental pollution determinants and the COVID-19 outbreak in California by using the secondary published data from the Centers for Disease Control and the Environmental Pollution Agency (EPA). We employed Spearman and Kendall correlation tests to analyze the association of PM 2.5, PM 10, SO2, NO2, Pb, VOC, and CO with COVID-19 cases in California. Our findings indicate that environmental pollutants such as PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, and CO have a significant correlation with the COVID-19 epidemic in California. Overall, our study is a useful supplement to encourage regulatory bodies to promote changes in environmental policies as pollution source control can reduce the harmful effects of environmental pollutants."}, {"pmid": 32293083, "pmcid": "PMC7262115", "title": "Pulmonary thrombosis in 2019-nCoV pneumonia?", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Marongiu, Francesco", "Grandone, Elvira", "Barcellona, Doris"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293083", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367558, "pmcid": "PMC7261987", "title": "Dermatological diseases presented before COVID-19: Are patients with psoriasis and superficial fungal infections more vulnerable to the COVID-19?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kutlu, Omer", "Metin, Ahmet"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367558", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent studies have focused on the comorbid conditions of the COVID-19. According to the current studies, numerous diseases including lung disease, cardiovascular disease and immunosuppression appear to be at higher risk for severe forms of the COVID-19. To date, there are no data in the literature on the comorbid dermatologic diseases and COVID-19. We tried to analyze the previous dermatological comorbidity of 93 patients with COVID-19 (51 males, 42 females) who presented to the dermatology outpatient clinics for the last 3\u2009years. The most common dermatologic diseases in patients with COVID-19 who have dermatologic diseases for the last 3\u2009years were superficial fungal infections (24, 25.8%), seborrheic dermatitis (11, 11.8%), actinic keratosis (10, 10.8%), psoriasis (6, 6.5%), and eczema (6, 6.5%), respectively. In addition, the number of COVID-19 patients who presented to dermatology in the last 3\u2009months was 17 (11 men, 6 women). The median age of these patients was 58 (minimum 18, maximum 80) years, and the most common dermatologic diseases before diagnosed COVID-19 were superficial fungal infections (5, 25%), psoriasis (4, 20%), and viral skin diseases (3, 15%). The possible similarity between cutaneous and mucosal immunity and immunosuppression suggests that patients with some dermatologic diseases especially superficial fungal infections and psoriasis may be more vulnerable to the COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32451362, "pmcid": "PMC7253226", "title": "Do underlying cardiovascular diseases have any impact on hospitalised patients with COVID-19?", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Zhang, Jixiang", "Lu, Shimin", "Wang, Xiaoli", "Jia, Xuemei", "Li, Jiao", "Lei, Hongbo", "Liu, Zhengru", "Liao, Fei", "Ji, Mengyao", "Lv, Xiaoguang", "Kang, Jian", "Tian, Shan", "Ma, Jingjing", "Wu, Dandan", "Gong, Yang", "Xu, Yu", "Dong, Weiguo"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451362", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of the highly contagious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has sickened thousands of people in China. The purpose of this study was to explore the early clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). This is a retrospective analysis of patients with COVID-19 from a single centre. All patients underwent real-time reverse transcription PCR for SARS-CoV-2 on admission. Demographic and clinical factors and laboratory data were reviewed and collected to evaluate for significant associations. The study included 541 patients with COVID-19. A total of 144 (26.6%) patients had a history of CVD. The mortality of patients with CVD reached 22.2%, which was higher than that of the overall population of this study (9.8%). Patients with CVD were also more likely to develop liver function abnormality, elevated blood creatinine and lactic dehydrogenase (p<0.05). Symptoms of sputum production were more common in patients with CVD (p=0.026). Lymphocytes, haemoglobin and albumin below the normal range were pervasive in the CVD group (p<0.05). The proportion of critically ill patients in the CVD group (27.8%) was significantly higher than that in the non-CVD group (8.8%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that CVD (OR: 2.735 (95% CI 1.495 to 5.003), p=0.001) was associated with critical COVID-19 condition, while patients with coronary heart disease were less likely to reach recovery standards (OR: 0.331 (95% CI 0.125 to 0.880), p=0.027). Considering the high prevalence of CVD, a thorough CVD assessment at diagnosis and early intervention are recommended in COVID-19 patients with CVD. Patients with CVD are more vulnerable to deterioration."}, {"pmid": 32142938, "pmcid": "PMC7106073", "title": "Nonstructural proteins NS7b and NS8 are likely to be phylogenetically associated with evolution of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Fahmi, Muhamad", "Kubota, Yukihiko", "Ito, Masahiro"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142938", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The seventh novel human infecting Betacoronavirus that causes pneumonia (2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV) originated in Wuhan, China. The evolutionary relationship between 2019-nCoV and the other human respiratory illness-causing coronavirus is not closely related. We sought to characterize the relationship of the translated proteins of 2019-nCoV with other species of Orthocoronavirinae. A phylogenetic tree was constructed from the genome sequences. A cluster tree was developed from the profiles retrieved from the presence and absence of homologs of ten 2019-nCoV proteins. The combined data were used to characterize the relationship of the translated proteins of 2019-nCoV to other species of Orthocoronavirinae. Our analysis reliably suggests that 2019-nCoV is most closely related to BatCoV RaTG13 and belongs to subgenus Sarbecovirus of Betacoronavirus, together with SARS coronavirus and Bat-SARS-like coronavirus. The phylogenetic profiling cluster of homolog proteins of one annotated 2019-nCoV protein against other genome sequences revealed two clades of ten 2019-nCoV proteins. Clade 1 consisted of a group of conserved proteins in Orthocoronavirinae comprising Orf1ab polyprotein, Nucleocapsid protein, Spike glycoprotein, and Membrane protein. Clade 2 comprised six proteins exclusive to Sarbecovirus and Hibecovirus. Two of six Clade 2 nonstructural proteins, NS7b and NS8, were exclusively conserved among 2019-nCoV, BetaCoV_RaTG, and BatSARS-like Cov. NS7b and NS8 have previously been shown to affect immune response signaling in the SARS-CoV experimental model. Thus, we speculated that knowledge of the functional changes in the NS7b and NS8 proteins during evolution may provide important information to explore the human infective property of 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32417144, "pmcid": "PMC7205682", "title": "Active smoking and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The use of significance testing leads to an erroneous conclusion.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Lo, Ernest", "Lasnier, Benoit"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417144", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388418, "pmcid": "PMC7190485", "title": "How an Epidemic Outbreak Impacts Happiness: Factors that Worsen (vs. Protect) Emotional Well-being during the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Yang, Haiyang", "Ma, Jingjing"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388418", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "What are the factors that worsen (vs. protect) emotional well-being during a pandemic outbreak such as COVID-19? Through two large-scale nationwide surveys (N1\u00a0=\u00a011,131; N2\u00a0=\u00a03,000) conducted in China immediately before versus during the coronavirus outbreak, we found that the onset of the coronavirus epidemic led to a 74% drop in overall emotional well-being. Factors associated with the likelihood of contracting the disease (e.g., residing near the epicenter), extent of potential harm (e.g., being an elderly), and relational issues (e.g., those within a marriage) exacerbated the detrimental effect of the outbreak on emotional well-being. Further, individuals' perception of their knowledge about coronavirus infection was another factor. Regardless of the actual amount of knowledge they possessed, those perceiving themselves as more knowledgeable, were able to experience more happiness during the outbreak. Higher perceived knowledge was associated with a stronger sense of control, which mediated the differences in emotional well-being. These patterns persisted even after controlling for a host of demographic and economic variables. In conclusion, public policies and mental health interventions aimed at boosting/protecting psychological well-being during epidemics should take account of these factors."}, {"pmid": 32292686, "pmcid": "PMC7139198", "title": "Coronavirus: Update Related to the Current Outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Dis Ther", "authors": ["Gabutti, Giovanni", "d'Anchera, Erica", "Sandri, Federica", "Savio, Marta", "Stefanati, Armando"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292686", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, some cases of viral pneumonia were epidemiologically related to a new coronavirus in the province of Hubei, China. Subsequently, there has been an increase in infections attributable to this virus throughout China and worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has officially named the infection coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and the virus has been classified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\u00a0(SARS-CoV-2). This appears to be a virus from Rhinolophus bats, but the intermediate host has not yet been identified. The mechanism of infection of SARS-CoV-2 is not yet known; it appears to have affinity for cells located in the lower airways, where it replicates. The interhuman transmission of coronaviruses mainly occurs through saliva droplets and direct and indirect contact via surfaces. As of March 10, 2020, the number of cases worldwide was 113,702. Along with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS), COVID-19 appears to cause a severe clinical picture in humans, ranging from mild malaise to death by sepsis/acute respiratory distress syndrome. The prognosis is worse in elderly patients with comorbidities. To date, there is no specific therapy for COVID-19. Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection implies strategies that limit the spread of the virus. WHO and other international and national bodies have developed continuously updated strategic objectives and provisions to contain the spread of the virus and infection."}, {"pmid": 32311350, "pmcid": "PMC7165087", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 during pregnancy: a systematic review of reported cases.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Della Gatta, Anna Nunzia", "Rizzo, Roberta", "Pilu, Gianluigi", "Simonazzi, Giuliana"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311350", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of the clinical outcomes reported for pregnant patients with coronavirus disease\u00a02019. The PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus databases were searched using a combination of key words such as \"Coronavirus and/or pregnancy,\" \"COVID and/or pregnancy,\" \"COVID disease and/or pregnancy,\" and \"COVID pneumonia and/or pregnancy.\" There was no restriction of language to allow collection of as many cases as possible. All studies of pregnant women who received a coronavirus disease 2019 diagnosis using acid nucleic test, with reported data about pregnancy, and, in case of delivery, reported outcomes, were included. All the studies included have been evaluated according to the tool for evaluating the methodological quality of case reports and case series described by Murad et\u00a0al. Six studies that involved 51 pregnant women were eligible for the systematic review. At the time of the report, 3 pregnancies were ongoing; of the remaining 48 pregnant women, 46 gave birth by cesarean delivery, and 2 gave birth vaginally; in this study, 1 stillbirth and 1 neonatal death were reported. Although vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection has been excluded thus far and the outcome for mothers and neonates has been generally good, the high rate of preterm delivery by cesarean delivery is a reason for concern. Cesarean delivery was typically an elective surgical intervention, and it is reasonable to question whether cesarean delivery for pregnant patients with coronavirus disease 2019 was warranted. Coronavirus disease 2019 associated with respiratory insufficiency in late pregnancies certainly creates a complex clinical scenario."}, {"pmid": 32498556, "title": "Facilitating transcatheter aortic valve implantation in the era of COVID-19: Recommendations for programmes.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs", "authors": ["Lauck, Sandra", "Forman, Jacqueline", "Borregaard, Britt", "Sathananthan, Janarthanan", "Achtem, Leslie", "McCalmont, Gemma", "Muir, Douglas", "Hawkey, Marian C", "Smith, Amanda", "Hojberg Kirk, Bettina", "Wood, David A", "Webb, John G"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498556", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic continues to significantly impact the treatment of people living with aortic stenosis, and access to transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) programmes require unique coordinated processes that are currently experiencing multiple disruptions and are guided by rapidly evolving protocols. We present a series of recommendations for TAVI programmes to adapt to the new demands, based on recent evidence and the international expertise of nurse leaders and collaborators in this field. Although recommended in most guidelines, the uptake of the role of the TAVI programme nurse is uneven across international regions. COVID-19 is further highlighting why a nurse-led central point of coordination and communication is a vital asset for patients and programmes. We propose an alternative streamlined evaluation pathway to minimize patients' pre-procedure exposure to the hospital environment while ensuring appropriate treatment decision and shared decision-making. The competing demands created by COVID-19 require vigilant wait list management, with risk stratification, telephone surveillance and optimized triage and prioritization. A minimalist approach with close scrutiny of all parts of the procedure has become an imperative to avoid any complications and ensure patients' accelerated recovery. Lastly, we outline a nurse-led protocol of rapid mobilization and reconditioning as an effective strategy to facilitate safe next-day discharge home. As the pandemic abates, TAVI programmes must facilitate access to care without compromising patient safety, enable hospitals to manage the competing demands created by COVID-19 and establish new processes to support patients living with valvular heart disease."}, {"pmid": 32399593, "pmcid": "PMC7216129", "title": "Recommendations for medical care of oncological patients during the COVID-19 epidemic: experiences from China.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Zhao, Hong", "Du, Shunda", "Cai, Jianqiang", "Mao, Yilei"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399593", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271373, "pmcid": "PMC7184398", "title": "Predictors of refractory Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Abu-Raya, Bahaa"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271373", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339703, "pmcid": "PMC7195051", "title": "Characterization of acute acro-ischemic lesions in non-hospitalized patients: a case series of 132 patients during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Fernandez-Nieto, D", "Jimenez-Cauhe, J", "Suarez-Valle, A", "Moreno-Arrones, O M", "Saceda-Corralo, D", "Arana-Raja, A", "Ortega-Quijano, D"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339703", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434338, "title": "COVID-19 from the perspective of an immunologist.", "journal": "Cas Lek Cesk", "authors": ["Strizova, Zuzana", "Milota, Tomas", "Bartunkova, Jirina"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434338", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 has a number of similarities to SARS and MERS diseases. Its highly contagious nature is particularly due to the rapid spread of the disease through asymptomatic individuals; however, the worlds most contagious infectious disease is still considered measles. Scientific data have revealed the interactions between COVID-19 and the immune system. These findings may contribute to the development of novel preventive and therapeutic approaches. Just as coronavirus itself the reports about the disease have massively spread through media and public contributing to overall public fear and stress. This promotion of non-scientific evidence and misinformation through social media might have also a devastating impact on the individuals immune system. Data regarding the mortality rates of COVID-19 have achieved unprecedented media and public engagements, however, the true facts about the disease prevention, immunomodulation and novel treatments are often left unsaid. We present the most recent facts about COVID-19 disease and its interactions with the immune system."}, {"pmid": 32437002, "title": "Is the brain a reservoir organ for SARS-CoV2?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Gomez-Pinedo, Ulises", "Matias-Guiu, Jorge", "Sanclemente-Alaman, Inmaculada", "Moreno-Jimenez, Lidia", "Montero-Escribano, Paloma", "Matias-Guiu, Jordi A"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437002", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407441, "title": "Assessment of Deaths From COVID-19 and From Seasonal Influenza.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Faust, Jeremy Samuel", "Del Rio, Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407441", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458547, "title": "Decline in invasive pneumococcus diseases while combating the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan.", "journal": "Kaohsiung J Med Sci", "authors": ["Tsai, Jong-Rung", "Yang, Chih-Jen", "Huang, Wei-Ling", "Chen, Yen-Hsu"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458547", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507317, "title": "Non-invasive mechanical ventilation and high-flow oxygen therapy in the COVID-19 pandemic: the value of a draw.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Castro, A", "Fajardo Campoverde, A", "Medina, A", "Alapont, Vicente Modesto I"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507317", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32174096, "title": "[Management strategies for three patients with gynecological malignancies during the outbreak of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, J", "Peng, P", "Li, X", "Zha, Y F", "Xiang, Y", "Zhang, G N", "Zhang, Y"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174096", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To explore the management strategies for patients with gynecological malignant tumors during the outbreak and transmission of COVID-19. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics, treatment, and disease outcomes of three patients with gynecological malignancies associated with COVID-19 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, and proposed management strategies for patients with gynecological tumors underriskof COVID-19. Results: Based on the national diagnosis and treatment protocol as well as research progress for COVID-19, three patients with COVID-19 were treated. Meanwhile, they were also appropriately adjusted the treatment plan in accordance with the clinical guidelines for gynecological tumors. Pneumonia was cured in 2 patients, and one patient died of COVID-19. Conclusions: Patients with gynecological malignant tumors are high-risk groups prone to COVID-19, and gynecological oncologists need to carry out education, prevention, control and treatment according to specific conditions. While, actively preventing and controlling COVID-19, the diagnosis and treatment of gynecological malignant tumors should be carried out in an orderly and safe manner."}, {"pmid": 32271871, "title": "Ensuring Access to Medications in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Alexander, G Caleb", "Qato, Dima M"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271871", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531306, "pmcid": "PMC7280821", "title": "Will the guidelines and recommendations for surgery during COVID-19 pandemic still be valid if it becomes endemic?", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Ghai, Suhani"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all the healthcare sectors all over the world. The WHO and various other health organizations have been issuing recommendations and guidelines for surgical practice and patient management during the current pandemic. Some of these guidelines include triaging of the patients, prioritizing emergency surgery and delaying the elective surgical procedures till the COVID-19 pandemic is over. However, it seems that COVID-19 might become endemic in the community and current guidelines might not hold true. Surgical practices cannot remain suspended forever as it will have a deleterious effect on surgeons and patients. Therefore we need novel guidelines so that the surgeons can resume their general surgical practice as soon as possible."}, {"pmid": 32127714, "title": "Coronavirus response: a focus on containment is still apt.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127714", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471002, "title": "It is currently unknown whether SARS-CoV-2 is viable in semen or whether COVID-19 damages sperm.", "journal": "Andrology", "authors": ["Perry, Melissa J", "Arrington, Suzanne", "Neumann, Laura M", "Carrell, Douglas", "Mores, Christopher N"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471002", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Research is needed to understand the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in semen, sexual transmissibility, and impact on sperm quality. Several studies have examined men recovering from COVID-19, but large-scale community-based testing is needed to ascertain the effects on the male reproductive tract, and the potential for prolonged transmission."}, {"pmid": 32516262, "title": "Clinical Decision Support Tools and the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Christ Nurs", "authors": ["Kaiafas, Kristen N"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516262", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179567, "title": "Covid-19: outbreak could last until spring 2021 and see 7.9 million hospitalised in the UK.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179567", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503987, "pmcid": "PMC7273376", "title": "COVID-19 impact on early career investigators: a call for action.", "journal": "Nat Rev Cancer", "authors": ["Levine, Ross L", "Rathmell, W Kimryn"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503987", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492530, "pmcid": "PMC7261468", "title": "Aberrant hyperactivation of cytotoxic T-cell as a potential determinant of COVID-19 severity.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kang, Chang Kyung", "Han, Gi-Chan", "Kim, Minji", "Kim, Gwanghun", "Shin, Hyun Mu", "Song, Kyoung-Ho", "Choe, Pyoeng Gyun", "Park, Wan Beom", "Kim, Eu Suk", "Kim, Hong Bin", "Kim, Nam-Joong", "Kim, Hang-Rae", "Oh, Myoung-Don"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492530", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We hypothesized that immune response may contribute to progression of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) at the second week of illness. Therefore, we compared cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses between severe and mild COVID-19 cases. We examined peripheral blood mononuclear cells of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients from their first and third weeks of illness. Severe pneumonia was defined as an oxygen saturation \u2264 93% at room air. Expressions of molecules related to T-cell activation and functions were analyzed by flow cytometry. The population dynamics of T cells at the first week were not different between the two groups. However, total numbers of CD4+ and CD8\u2009+\u2009T cells tended to be lower in the severe group at the third week of illness. Expressions of Ki-67, PD-1, perforin, and granzyme B in CD4+ or CD8+ T cells were significantly higher in the severe group than in the mild group at the third week. In contrast to the mild group, the levels of their expression did not decrease in severe group. Severe COVID-19 had higher degree of proliferation, activation, and cytotoxicity of T-cells at the late phase of illness without cytotoxic T-cell contraction, which might contribute to the development of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32472216, "pmcid": "PMC7256336", "title": "Cancer treatment during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Med Oncol", "authors": ["Jindal, Vishal", "Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Gaikazian, Susanna", "Siddiqui, Ahmad Daniyal", "Jaiyesimi, Ishmael"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently world is fighting with global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). At this time of uncertainty, oncologists are struggling to provide appropriate care to cancer patients. They have to weigh risk and benefit of giving cancer treatment vs chances of getting them infected with COVID-19. As cancer patients are immunocompromised and there are high chances of exposure during hospital visits and if they get infected, outcome can be fatal. So through the column of this article, we would like to provide basic guideline in management of cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32383833, "title": "Polish Archives of Internal Medicine in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Undas, Anetta", "Gajos, Grzegorz"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383833", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32188528, "pmcid": "PMC7156577", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 enterocolitis with persisting to excrete the virus for approximately two weeks after recovering from diarrhea: A case report.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Hosoda, Tomohiro", "Sakamoto, Mitsuo", "Shimizu, Hideaki", "Okabe, Nobuhiko"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188528", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497214, "title": "Corrigendum to: A 55-Day-Old Female Infant Infected With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease: Presenting With Pneumonia, Liver Injury, and Heart Damage.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cui, Yuxia", "Tian, Maolu", "Huang, Dong", "Wang, Xike", "Huang, Yuying", "Fan, Li", "Wang, Liang", "Chen, Yun", "Liu, Wenpu", "Zhang, Kai", "Wu, Yue", "Yang, Zhenzhong", "Tao, Jing", "Feng, Jie", "Liu, Kaiyu", "Ye, Xianwei", "Wang, Rongpin", "Zhang, Xiangyan", "Zha, Yan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497214", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483356, "pmcid": "PMC7263180", "title": "The day after COVID-19 in IBD: how to go back to 'normal'.", "journal": "Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Danese, Silvio", "Sands, Bruce", "Ng, Siew C", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483356", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352359, "title": "Coronavirus Disease-2019: Implication for the care and management of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Sawalha, Amr H", "Manzi, Susan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352359", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Systemic lupus erythematosus is a chronic remitting-relapsing autoimmune disease that affects multiple organ systems. In this article we discuss aspects in the management of lupus patients that are particularly relevant during the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We speculate that lupus patients might be more susceptible for a more severe COVID-19 disease course and emphasize the importance of maintaining remission in lupus patients. We discuss the critical role hydroxychloroquine plays in the management of lupus patients and suggest considering the psychosocial implications of the current pandemic on lupus care."}, {"pmid": 32492478, "pmcid": "PMC7261351", "title": "Treating COVID-19 with colchicine in community healthcare setting.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Della-Torre, Emanuel", "Della-Torre, Fabrizio", "Kusanovic, Marija", "Scotti, Raffaella", "Ramirez, Giuseppe-Alvise", "Dagna, Lorenzo", "Tresoldi, Moreno"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492478", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383626, "title": "RAAs inhibitors and outcome in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. A case series study.", "journal": "Hypertension", "authors": ["Conversano, Andrea", "Melillo, Francesco", "Napolano, Antonio", "Fominskiy, Evgeny", "Spessot, Marzia", "Ciceri, Fabio", "Agricola, Eustachio"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383626", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "N/A."}, {"pmid": 32386056, "pmcid": "PMC7239122", "title": "Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Biological Treatment in SARS-CoV-2 Era. Why Not?", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Grassia, Roberto", "Soro, Sara", "Conti, Clara Benedetta"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386056", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518555, "pmcid": "PMC7270776", "title": "Pay attention to situation of SARS-CoV-2 and TCM advantages in treatment of novel coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Chin Herb Med", "authors": ["Liu, Chang-Xiao"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518555", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of the new coronavirus epidemic, novel coronavirus has infected nearly 100,000 people in more than 110 countries. How to face this new coronavirus epidemic outbreak is an important issue. Basic reproduction number (R0) is an important parameter in epidemiology; The basic reproduction number of an infection can be thought of as the expected number of cases directly generated by one case in a population where all individuals are susceptible to infection. Epidemiology dynamics is a mathematical model based on a susceptibility-infection-recovery epidemic model. Researchers analyzed the epidemiological benefits of different transmission rates for the establishment of effective strategy in prevention and control strategies for epidemic infectious diseases. In this review, the early use of TCM for light and ordinary patients, can rapidly improve symptoms, shorten hospitalization days and reduce severe cases transformed from light and normal. Many TCM formulas and products have wide application in treating infectious and non-infectious diseases. The TCM theoretical system of treating epidemic diseases with TCM and the treatment scheme of integrated Chinese and Western medicine have proved their effectiveness in clinical practice. TCM can cure COVID-19 pneumonia, and also shows that the role of TCM in blocking the progress of COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32463735, "title": "Iran Without Mandatory Quarantine and with Social Distancing Strategy Against Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Health Secur", "authors": ["Abdi, Milad", "Mirzaei, Rasoul"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463735", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505464, "title": "Am I a Coronavirus?", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Smith, Kelly D", "Akilesh, Shreeram", "Alpers, Charles E", "Nicosia, Roberto F"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505464", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349902, "pmcid": "PMC7151269", "title": "Toward a consensus view in the management of acute facial injuries during the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Holmes, Simon", "Bhatti, Nabeel", "Bhandari, Rishi", "Chatzopoulou, Domniki"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349902", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In these unprecedented times, OMFS surgeons are faced with dilemmas over the priority of treatment, safety of staff, safety of patients and the most appropriate use of available resources. Efforts should be made to provide the best evidence-based care, which will mean revisiting old techniques, and risk stratifying patients on a case by case basis. Recent experience from colleagues internationally has shown that even the wealthiest health care infrastructure is at best fragile. We hope this paper will add to the debate and hopefully provide a framework for decision making in OMFS trauma care during this difficult time."}, {"pmid": 32259189, "title": "The Challenge of Preventing COVID-19 Spread in Correctional Facilities.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Rubin, Rita"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259189", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426855, "title": "Active implications for dermatologists in \"SARS-CoV-2 era\": Personal experience and review of literature.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Campanati, A", "Brisigotti, V", "Diotallevi, F", "D'Agostino, G M", "Paolinelli, M", "Radi, G", "Rizzetto, G", "Sapigni, C", "Tagliati, C", "Offidani, A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426855", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, from the Chinese city of Wuhan, Hubei, comes the first case of \"atypical ARDS/ interstitial pneumonia\". On February 11, 2020 the WHO officially announced the name of the emergent disease associated with new coronavirus identified as SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2): COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) (1). On February 13, 72000 cases have been officially recorded in China, among which 15000 were registered in Hubei province only, with 242 deaths in a single day. After that, Chinese republic has ordered drastic containment measures for fighting SARS-CoV-2 virus spreading (1)."}, {"pmid": 32345443, "pmcid": "PMC7151448", "title": "COVID-19: Key Concepts for the Surgeon.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Rubio-Perez, Ines", "Badia, Josep M", "Mora-Rillo, Marta", "Martin Quiros, Alejandro", "Garcia Rodriguez, Julio", "Balibrea, Jose M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345443", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In view of the current pandemic by SARS-CoV-2 it deems essential to understand the key concepts about the infection: its epidemiological origin, presentation, clinical course, diagnosis and treatment (still experimental in many cases). The knowledge about the virus is still limited, but as the pandemic progresses and the physiopathology of the disease is understood, new evidence is being massively published. Surgical specialists are facing an unprecedented situation: they must collaborate in the ER or medical wards attending these patients, while still needing to make decisions about surgical patients with probable COVID-19. The present narrative review aims to summarize the most relevant aspects and synthetize concepts on COVID-19 for surgeons."}, {"pmid": 32460534, "title": "C3 and ACE1 polymorphisms are more important confounders in the spread and outcome of COVID-19 in comparison with ABO polymorphism.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Delanghe, Joris R", "De Buyzere, Marc L", "Speeckaert, Marijn M"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460534", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385228, "pmcid": "PMC7205908", "title": "Therapeutic efficacy of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid (PDL) for COVID-19 in vitro and in vivo.", "journal": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "authors": ["Deng, Wei", "Xu, Yanfeng", "Kong, Qi", "Xue, Jing", "Yu, Pin", "Liu, Jiangning", "Lv, Qi", "Li, Fengdi", "Wei, Qiang", "Bao, Linlin"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385228", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400931, "pmcid": "PMC7272856", "title": "Viral shedding prolongation in a kidney transplant patient with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Man, Zhang", "Jing, Zhang", "Huibo, Shi", "Bin, Liu", "Fanjun, Zeng"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400931", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401064, "title": "CRISPR-cas systems based molecular diagnostic tool for infectious diseases and emerging 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia.", "journal": "J Drug Target", "authors": ["Xiang, Xiaohong", "Qian, Keli", "Zhang, Zhen", "Lin, Fengyun", "Xie, Yang", "Liu, Yang", "Yang, Zongfa"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401064", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging infectious diseases, the persistent potential for destabilising pandemics, remain a global threat leading to excessive morbidity and mortality. The current outbreak of pneumonia caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) illustrated difficulties in lack of effective drugs for treatment. Accurate and rapid diagnostic tools are essential for early recognition and treatment of infectious diseases, allowing timely implementation of infection control, improved clinical care and other public health measures to stop the spread of the disease. CRISPR-Cas technology speed up the development of infectious disease diagnostics with high rapid and accurate. In this review, we summarise current advance regarding diverse CRISPR-Cas systems, including CRISPR-Cas9, CRISPR-Cas12 and CRISPR-Cas13, in the development of fast, accurate and portable diagnostic tests and highlight the potential of CRISPR-Cas13 in COVID-19 Pneumonia and other emerging infectious diseases diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32409432, "title": "Home monitoring for COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Medina, Michelle", "Babiuch, Christopher", "Card, Michelle", "Gavrilescu, Ruthann", "Zafirau, William", "Boose, Eric", "Giuliano, Kimberly", "Kim, Alice", "Jones, Robert", "Boissy, Adrienne"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cleveland Clinic recognized the importance of mitigating community transmission of COVID-19 by keeping people at home. Patient-care activities quickly pivoted to remote touches, preserving continuity through a variety of digital and telephonic modalities. As the number of confirmed cases grew, standardizing home-based care became critical to managing high-risk patients, moderating the risk of exposure for healthcare workers, and reducing the amount of community spread through appropriate education on home-based care for exposed or infected individuals. This novel, team-based approach to caring for patients with COVID-19 incorporates a self-monitoring app for patient engagement, monitors symptoms for early intervention, and promotes a holistic view of care."}, {"pmid": 32402061, "pmcid": "PMC7239232", "title": "Clinical Performance of Two SARS-CoV-2 Serologic Assays.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Tang, Mei San", "Hock, Karl G", "Logsdon, Nicole M", "Hayes, Jennifer E", "Gronowski, Ann M", "Anderson, Neil W", "Farnsworth, Christopher W"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402061", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a rapid proliferation of serologic assays. However, little is known about their clinical performance. Here, we compared two commercial SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays. 103 specimens from 48 patients with PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and 153 control specimens were analyzed using SARS-CoV-2 serologic assays by Abbott and EUROIMMUN (EI). Duration from symptom onset was determined by medical record review. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and concordance were calculated. The Abbott SARS-CoV-2 assay had a diagnostic specificity of 99.4% (95% CI; 96.41-99.98%), and sensitivity of 0.0% (95% CI; 0.00-26.47%) at <3 days post symptom onset, 30.0% (95% CI; 11.89-54.28) at 3-7d, 47.8% (95% CI; 26.82-69.41) at 8-13d and 93.8% (95% CI; 82.80-98.69) at \u226514d. Diagnostic specificity on the EI assay was 94.8% (95% CI; 89.96-97.72) if borderline results were considered positive and 96.7% (95% CI; 92.54-98.93) if borderline results were considered negative. The diagnostic sensitivity was 0.0% (95% CI; 0.00-26.47%) at <3d, 25.0% (95% CI; 8.66-49.10) at 3-7d, 56.5% (95% CI; 34.49-76.81) at 3-7d and 85.4% (95% CI; 72.24-93.93) at \u226514d if borderline results were considered positive. The qualitative concordance between the assays was 0.83 (95% CI; 0.75-0.91). The Abbott SARS-CoV-2 assay had fewer false positive and false negative results than the EI assay. However, diagnostic sensitivity was poor in both assays during the first 14 days of symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32379308, "pmcid": "PMC7239194", "title": "Multivessel spontaneous coronary artery dissection presenting in a patient with severe acute SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Fernandez Gasso, Lucia", "Maneiro Melon, Nicolas M", "Sarnago Cebada, Fernando", "Solis, Jorge", "Garcia Tejada, Julio"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379308", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440460, "pmcid": "PMC7209839", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Changing Lives and Lessons Learned.", "journal": "Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open", "authors": ["Rohrich, Rod J", "Hamilton, Kristy L", "Avashia, Yash", "Savetsky, Ira"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440460", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425430, "pmcid": "PMC7233223", "title": "Out Patient Department practices in orthopaedics amidst COVID-19: The evolving model.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Lal, Hitesh", "Sharma, Deepak Kumar", "Patralekh, Mohit Kumar", "Jain, Vijay Kumar", "Maini, Lalit"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425430", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic on 11th March 2020 by the World Health Organization and consequent lockdown imposed in several areas resulted in a marked reduction in orthopaedic practice. Although some guidelines for patient care in orthopaedic practice have been published, overall, publications focusing exclusively on guidelines on starting orthopaedic outpatient departments (OPD) after the COVID-19 lockdown amidst the on-going pandemic are lacking. We hereby propose the evolving knowledge in changes in OPD management practices for orthopaedic surgeons in the COVID- 19 era. The emphasis on online registration (e-registration) should be given impetus and become the new norm supplemented by telephonic and spot registration for the uneducated patients. The review highlights the safety of patient and orthopaedic surgeons in OPD by screening and maintaining hygiene at various levels. The article also mentions the duties of the help desk, OPD hall supervisor and the new norms of Air Conditioning, ventilation, safe use of elevators, sanitization of OPD premises and biomedical waste disposal. The optimum and safe utilization of human & material resources, DO's and DON'Ts for patients & health staff have also been proposed. The reorganization of plaster room, the precaution during plastering, fracture clinic, dressing and injection room services are discussed as per evolving guidelines. This article will give deep insight into the OPD plan &telemedicine graphically also. The authors suggest updating and downward permeation of existing e-infrastructure of government health services that is up-gradation of existing tertiary level online registration services, a paperless model of OPD Consultation & dispensation. The future updating of Aarogya Setu App (https://mygov.in/aarogya-setu-app/). for convenient online OPD registration and dispensation has been discussed and proposed. This review will help in containing the spread of COVID 19 and build upon the health gains achieved after lockdown. The easy concept of CCCATTT has been introduced, and the OPD Plan has also been suggested. We have endeavoured to holistically detail an orthopaedic OPD setup and its upkeep in COVID-19 pandemic, but since the knowledge of COVID 19 is ever-evolving it needs replenishment by regular education for health staff."}, {"pmid": 32518342, "title": "Women join Italy's all-male coronavirus task force.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Abramo, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518342", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493663, "pmcid": "PMC7200367", "title": "POCUS to Guide Fluid Therapy in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Thalappillil, Richard", "Tam, Christopher W"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493663", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171808, "pmcid": "PMC7194538", "title": "Skin damage among health care workers managing coronavirus disease-2019.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Lan, Jiajia", "Song, Zexing", "Miao, Xiaoping", "Li, Hang", "Li, Yan", "Dong, Liyun", "Yang, Jing", "An, Xiangjie", "Zhang, Yamin", "Yang, Liu", "Zhou, Nuoya", "Yang, Liu", "Li, Jun", "Cao, JingJiang", "Wang, Jianxiu", "Tao, Juan"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171808", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352481, "title": "Rapid Development of Resident-Led Procedural Response Teams to Support Patient Care During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic: A Surgical Workforce Activation Team.", "journal": "JAMA Surg", "authors": ["Coons, Barbara E", "Tam, Sophia F", "Okochi, Shunpei"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352481", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510175, "title": "COVID-19 and dengue virus co-epidemics in Pakistan: A dangerous combination for overburdened healthcare system.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Haqqi, Aleena", "Awan, Usman Ayub", "Ali, Muhammad", "Saqib, Muhammad Arif Nadeem", "Ahmed, Haroon", "Afzal, Muhammad Sohail"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510175", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have read recent articles regarding co-epidemics/co-infections of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases 1-4 , these reports highlights the impact of co-infections on the health care system. The recent pandemic of COVID-19 caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus - SARS-CoV-2 has taken 378K lives and has spread worldwide infecting over 6.3 million individuals. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32381501, "title": "When can professional sport recommence safely during the COVID-19 pandemic? Risk assessment and factors to consider.", "journal": "Br J Sports Med", "authors": ["Carmody, Sean", "Murray, Andrew", "Borodina, Mariya", "Gouttebarge, Vincent", "Massey, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381501", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492223, "title": "Shielding for patients using a single-use vinyl-box under continuous aerosol suction to minimize SARS-CoV-2 transmission during emergency endoscopy.", "journal": "Dig Endosc", "authors": ["Kobara, Hideki", "Nishiyama, Noriko", "Masaki, Tsutomu"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492223", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338400, "pmcid": "PMC7267278", "title": "Access to evidence-based care for eating disorders during the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Int J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Weissman, Ruth S", "Bauer, Stephanie", "Thomas, Jennifer J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338400", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has forced an abrupt change in the delivery of clinical services, including for individuals with an eating disorder. We present this Virtual Issue as a resource for the eating disorder community to showcase research published in the International Journal of Eating Disorders that provides information on effective strategies to help address the challenges arising from COVID-19-related disruptions. Articles included describe original research or systematic reviews on obstacles to health services use and strategies to improve access to care; technological tools to provide or enhance interventions; patients' and clinicians' attitudes or perspectives on using digital tools for clinical care; factors influencing therapeutic alliance; and ideas for improving reach and uptake of digital interventions. We hope that readers will find ways to observe and record their own experiences during this global crisis; the experiences of people at risk for developing or exhibiting an eating disorder; and the experiences of those who care for people with an eating disorder. These lived experiences will be invaluable in formulating hypotheses for future studies in service of advancing the understanding of eating disorders and improving interventions and policies for reducing the burden of suffering attributable to eating disorders."}, {"pmid": 32249089, "pmcid": "PMC7270372", "title": "Identification of Kidney Transplant Recipients with Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Zhang, Hui", "Chen, Yan", "Yuan, Quan", "Xia, Qiu-Xiang", "Zeng, Xian-Peng", "Peng, Jing-Tao", "Liu, Jing", "Xiao, Xing-Yuan", "Jiang, Guo-Song", "Xiao, Han-Yu", "Xie, Liang-Bo", "Chen, Jing", "Liu, Jia-Li", "Xiao, Xiong", "Su, Hua", "Zhang, Chun", "Zhang, Xiao-Ping", "Yang, Hua", "Li, Heng", "Wang, Zhen-Di"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249089", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel and lethal infectious disease, posing a threat to global health security. The number of cases has increased rapidly, but no data concerning kidney transplant (KTx) recipients infected with COVID-19 are available. To present the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics of KTx recipients infected with COVID-19, we report on a case series of five patients who were confirmed as having COVID-19 through nucleic acid testing (NAT) from January 1, 2020 to February 28, 2020. The most common symptoms on admission to hospital were fever (five patients, 100%), cough (five patients, 100%), myalgia or fatigue (three patients, 60%), and sputum production (three patients, 60%); serum creatinine or urea nitrogen levels were slightly higher than those before symptom onset. Four patients received a reduced dose of maintenance immunosuppressive therapy during hospitalization. As of March 4, 2020 NAT was negative for COVID-19 in three patients twice in succession, and their computed tomography scans showed improved images. Although greater patient numbers and long-term follow-up data are needed, our series demonstrates that mild COVID-19 infection in KTx recipients can be managed using symptomatic support therapy combined with adjusted maintenance immunosuppressive therapy."}, {"pmid": 32458618, "title": "Hemato- Oncology Care in COVID-19 Pandemic: Crisis within a Crisis.", "journal": "Asian Pac J Cancer Prev", "authors": ["Seth, Tulika", "Shankar, Abhishek", "Roy, Shubham", "Saini, Deepak"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458618", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472974, "title": "COVID-19's Impact on Private Practice and Academic Dentistry in North America.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Wu, Kevin Y", "Wu, David T", "Nguyen, Thomas T", "Tran, Simon D"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472974", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a major public health crisis worldwide. Dental professionals are at high risk of contracting COVID-19 due to occupational hazard associated with aerosol generating dental procedures (Ge et al., 2020). In this commentary, we share the perspectives of dentists practicing in private practice and clinician-researchers in academic dental institutions. More specifically, we discuss about measures implemented to minimize risks of disease transmission, challenges in emergency dental care, impact on patients, and on private practice and academic dental team."}, {"pmid": 32519150, "title": "Moving Forward with Dysphagia Care: Implementing Strategies during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond.", "journal": "Dysphagia", "authors": ["Fritz, Mark A", "Howell, Rebecca J", "Brodsky, Martin B", "Suiter, Debra M", "Dhar, Shumon I", "Rameau, Anais", "Richard, Theresa", "Skelley, Michelle", "Ashford, John R", "O'Rourke, Ashli K", "Kuhn, Maggie A"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519150", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Growing numbers of SARS-CoV-2 cases coupled with limited understanding of transmissibility and virulence, have challenged the current workflow and clinical care pathways for the dysphagia provider. At the same time, the need for non-COVID-19-related dysphagia care persists. Increased awareness of asymptomatic virus carriers and variable expression of the disease have also focused attention to appropriate patient care in the context of protection for the healthcare workforce. The objective of this review was to create a clinical algorithm and reference for dysphagia clinicians across clinical settings to minimize spread of COVID-19 cases while providing optimal care to patients suffering from swallowing disorders. Every practitioner and healthcare system will likely have different constraints or preferences leading to the utilization of one technique over another. Knowledge about this pandemic increases every day, but the algorithms provided here will help in considering the best options for proceeding with safe and effective dysphagia care in this new era."}, {"pmid": 32523926, "pmcid": "PMC7279910", "title": "Stress Cardiomyopathy in COVID-19 Disease.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Pasqualetto, Maria Cristina", "Secco, Eleonora", "Nizzetto, Manuele", "Scevola, Moreno", "Altafini, Lorella", "Cester, Alberto", "Rigo, Fausto"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523926", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients affected by COVID-19 pneumonia may develop stress cardiomyopathy, also known as Takotsubo syndrome (TTS), at different stages during the disease and with different degrees of left ventricular dysfunction. We describe three cases of TTS in COVID-19-positive patients with different clinical presentations and outcomes. One of them died, while in the other two coronary angiography confirmed the diagnosis but was postponed until after pneumonia resolution because of the risk of virus spread. An association between COVID-19 and cardiac involvement is highlighted.The incidence of Takotsubo syndrome has increased during this pandemic, possibly because it is caused by acute stress."}, {"pmid": 32301508, "pmcid": "PMC7264505", "title": "Assessment of the quality of systematic reviews on COVID-19: A comparative study of previous coronavirus outbreaks.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yu, Yang", "Shi, Qianling", "Zheng, Peng", "Gao, Lei", "Li, Haiyuan", "Tao, Pengxian", "Gu, Baohong", "Wang, Dengfeng", "Chen, Hao"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301508", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several systematic reviews (SRs) have been conducted on the COVID-19 outbreak, which together with the SRs on previous coronavirus outbreaks, form important sources of evidence for clinical decision and policy making. Here, we investigated the methodological quality of SRs on COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Online searches were performed to obtain SRs on COVID-19, SARS, and MERS. The methodological quality of the included SRs was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data. In total, of 49 SRs that were finally included in our study, 17, 16, and 16 SRs were specifically on COVID-19, MERS, and SARS, respectively. The growth rate of SRs on COVID-19 was the highest (4.54/month) presently. Of the included SRs, 6, 12, and 31 SRs were of moderate, low, and critically low quality, respectively. SRs on SARS showed the optimum quality among the SRs on the three diseases. Subgroup analyses showed that the SR topic (P\u2009<\u2009.001), the involvement of a methodologist (P\u2009<\u2009.001), and funding support (P\u2009=\u2009.046) were significantly associated with the methodological quality of the SR. According to the adherence scores, adherence to AMSTAR-2 items sequentially decreased in SRs on SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. The methodological quality of most SRs on coronavirus outbreaks is unsatisfactory, and those on COVID-19 have higher risks of poor quality, despite the rapid actions taken to conduct SRs. The quality of SRs should be improved in the future. Readers must exercise caution in accepting and using the results of these SRs."}, {"pmid": 32408728, "title": "The Eclipse of Degenerative Spine Pathology During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurospine", "authors": ["Brembilla, Carlo", "Veiceschi, Pierlorenzo", "Fanti, Andrea", "Costi, Emanuele", "Passoni, Maurizio", "Sicignano, Angelo Mirco", "Bernucci, Claudio"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408728", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456441, "title": "Adapting to a new reality: COVID-19 coronavirus and online education in the health professions.", "journal": "Rural Remote Health", "authors": ["Seymour-Walsh, Amy E", "Bell, Andy", "Weber, Anthony", "Smith, Tony"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456441", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has effected a significant change in the way industry-based and tertiary health professions education (HPE) can occur. Advice for strict, widespread social distancing has catalysed the transformation of course delivery into fully online design across nations. This is problematic for HPE, which has traditionally relied on face-to-face learner interaction, in the form of skills laboratories, simulation training and industry-based clinical placements. The transition to online-only course delivery has brought with it a need to address particular issues regarding the construction and delivery of quality curricula and education activities. It is in this context that regional, rural and remote health professionals and academics can provide invaluable insights into the use of technology to overcome the tyranny of distance, promote high-quality online HPE and enable the ongoing development of communities of practice. This article is the first in a series addressing the risks and opportunities in the current transition to online HPE, providing practical solutions for educators who are now unable to embrace more traditional face-to-face HPE delivery methods and activities."}, {"pmid": 32278766, "pmcid": "PMC7194937", "title": "Fighting against COVID-19: Innovative strategies for clinical pharmacists.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Li, Huibo", "Zheng, Siqian", "Liu, Fang", "Liu, Wei", "Zhao, Rongsheng"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278766", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical pharmacists' routine task is carrying out pharmaceutical care to ensure patients' safe and reasonable medication use. However, under public health emergencies, such as the outbreak of COVID-19, the work strategies of clinical pharmacists need to be modified according to the rapid spread of the disease, where information and resources are usually lack to guide them. To retrieve and investigate the prevention and control measures of clinical pharmacists during the outbreak of novel coronavirus, summarize the roles and responsibilities of clinical pharmacists, and to propose innovative strategies for developing pharmacy services under the epidemic. The Chinese and English databases, self-media network, website of professional society or medical institution, and clinical trial center platforms were searched, and clinical pharmacists involved in the work against COVID-19 were surveyed and interviewed. Investigate the challenges and needs of frontline medical staffs for treating patients, and formulate strategies based on the actual medical environment. Clinical pharmacists play a vital role in leading the industry to formulate work instructions, provide frontline medical staff with drug information, and develop innovative pharmacy services to promote the rational use of medicines with collaborative teamwork and close communication according to the epidemic situation of COVID-19. Anti-epidemic work indeed has driven the development of remote pharmacy services. Facing public health emergencies, clinical pharmacists can give full play to their professional expertise, analyze the current situation rationally, formulate telehealth strategies swiftly, and work in a united and efficient manner to provide innovative pharmacy services to ensure medication safety and rational use of medicine."}, {"pmid": 32340908, "pmcid": "PMC7172832", "title": "Perspectives from the Cancer and Aging Research Group: Caring for the vulnerable older patient with cancer and their caregivers during the COVID-19 crisis in the United States.", "journal": "J Geriatr Oncol", "authors": ["Mohile, Supriya", "Dumontier, Clark", "Mian, Hira", "Loh, Kah Poh", "Williams, Grant R", "Wildes, Tanya M", "Boyd, Kevin", "Ramsdale, Erika", "Pyne, Sonia", "Magnuson, Allison", "Tew, William", "Klepin, Heidi D", "Dale, William", "Shahrokni, Armin"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340908", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505221, "title": "Quantifying additional COVID-19 symptoms will save lives.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Menni, Cristina", "Sudre, Carole H", "Steves, Claire J", "Ourselin, Sebastien", "Spector, Tim D"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505221", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376396, "pmcid": "PMC7200127", "title": "Tocilizumab for cytokine storm syndrome in COVID-19 pneumonia: an increased risk for candidemia?", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Antinori, Spinello", "Bonazzetti, Cecilia", "Gubertini, Guido", "Capetti, Amedeo", "Pagani, Cristina", "Morena, Valentina", "Rimoldi, Sara", "Galimberti, Laura", "Sarzi-Puttini, Piercarlo", "Ridolfo, Anna Lisa"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376396", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412815, "title": "COVID 19: Designing and conducting an online mini-multiple interview (MMI) in a dynamic landscape.", "journal": "Med Teach", "authors": ["Cleland, Jennifer", "Chu, Jowe", "Lim, Samuel", "Low, Jamie", "Low-Beer, Naomi", "Kwek, Tong Kiat"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412815", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic presented numerous, significant challenges for medical schools, including how to select the best candidates from a pool of applicants when social distancing and other measures prevented \"business as usual\" admissions processes. However, selection into medical school is the gateway to medicine in many countries, and it is critical to use processes which are evidence-based, valid and reliable even under challenging circumstances. Our challenge was to plan and conduct a multiple-mini interview (MMI) in a dynamic and stringent safe distancing context.Methods: This paper reports a case study of how to plan, re-plan and conduct MMIs in an environment where substantially tighter safe distancing measures were introduced just before the MMI was due to be delivered.Results: We report on how to design and implement a fully remote, online MMI which ensured the safety of candidates and assessors.Discussion: We discuss the challenges of this approach and also reflect on broader issues associated with selection into medical school during a pandemic. The aim of the paper is to provide broadly generalizable guidance to other medical schools faced with the challenge of selecting future students under difficult conditions."}, {"pmid": 32423607, "pmcid": "PMC7227491", "title": "[semFYC and Family Medicine in the time of the Coronavirus].", "journal": "Aten Primaria", "authors": ["Iparraguirre, S Tranche", "Alvarez, Remedios Martin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423607", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466736, "title": "Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke due to Large Vessel Occlusion With COVID-19: Experience From Paris.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Escalard, Simon", "Maier, Benjamin", "Redjem, Hocine", "Delvoye, Francois", "Hebert, Solene", "Smajda, Stanislas", "Ciccio, Gabriele", "Desilles, Jean-Philippe", "Mazighi, Mikael", "Blanc, Raphael", "Piotin, Michel"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466736", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Higher rates of strokes have been observed in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but data regarding the outcomes of COVID-19 patients suffering from acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) are lacking. We report our initial experience in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke with LVO in patients with COVID-19. All consecutive patients with COVID-19 with acute ischemic stroke due to LVO treated in our institution during the 6 first weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak were included. Baseline clinical and radiological findings, treatment, and short-term outcomes are reported. We identified 10 patients with confirmed COVID-19 treated for an acute ischemic stroke due to LVO. Eight were men, with a median age of 59.5 years. Seven had none or mild symptoms of COVID-19 at stroke onset. Median time from COVID-19 symptoms to stroke onset was 6 days. All patients had brain imaging within 3 hours from symptoms onset. Five patients had multi-territory LVO. Five received intravenous alteplase. All patients had mechanical thrombectomy. Nine patients achieved successful recanalization (mTICI2B-3), none experienced early neurological improvement, 4 had early cerebral reocclusion, and a total of 6 patients (60%) died in the hospital. Best medical care including early intravenous thrombolysis, and successful and prompt recanalization achieved with mechanical thrombectomy, resulted in poor outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Although our results require further confirmation, a different pharmacological approach (antiplatelet or other) should be investigated to take in account inflammatory and coagulation disorders associated with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32437696, "pmcid": "PMC7207119", "title": "Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of 421 Patients With COVID-19 Treated in a Mobile Cabin Hospital.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Xiong, Zhongwei", "Xin, Can", "Yan, Xixi", "Cai, Yuankun", "Zhou, Keyao", "Xie, Chuanshun", "Zhang, Tingbao", "Wu, Xiaohui", "Liu, Kui", "Li, Zhiqiang", "Wang, Wei", "Chen, Jincao"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437696", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus-associated pneumonia, now known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first detected in Wuhan, China. To prevent the rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and treat patients with mild symptoms, sports stadiums and convention centers were reconstructed into mobile hospitals. It is unknown whether a mobile cabin hospital can provide a safe treatment site for patients with mild COVID-19 symptoms. This study retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 421 patients with COVID-19 admitted to a mobile cabin hospital in Wuhan from February 9, 2020, to March 5, 2020. Clinical data comprised patient age, sex, clinical presentation, chest imaging, nucleic acid testing, length of hospitalization, and outcomes. Of the patients who were discharged from the cabin hospital, 362 (86.0%) were categorized as recovered; 14.0%\u00a0developed severe symptoms and were transferred to a designated hospital. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (60.6%) and cough (52.0%); 5.2%\u00a0exhibited no obvious symptoms. High fever (> 39.0\u00b0C) was more common in severe cases than in recovered cases (18.6%\u00a0vs\u00a06.6%). The distribution of lung lesions was peripheral in 85.0%\u00a0of patients, multifocal in 69.4%, and bilateral in 68.2%. The most common pattern was ground-glass opacity (67.7%), followed by patchy shadowing (49.2%). The incidence of patchy shadowing was higher in patients with severe disease (66.1%) than in those who recovered (31.8%, P\u00a0< .0001). The median length of hospitalization was 17\u00a0days (interquartile range, 14-19\u00a0days), and the median time taken for positive real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction results to become negative in recovered patients was 8\u00a0days (interquartile range, 6-10\u00a0days). Mobile cabin hospitals provide a safe treatment site for patients with mild COVID-19 symptoms and offer an effective isolation area to prevent the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a02."}, {"pmid": 32455515, "title": "[Clinical feature changes of a COVID-19 patient from mild to critical condition and cardiopulmonary pathological results].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Jiang, S W", "Gao, H", "Wu, L", "Wang, G W", "Cen, F L", "Li, J X", "Feng, C", "Wen, J M", "Chen, Y", "He, R L", "Qiao, K", "Wang, Y", "Liu, Y X", "Wang, Z Q"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455515", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyse the clinical history, laboratory tests and pathological data of a patient who suffered from novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19) and provide reference for the clinical treatment of similar cases. Methods: Data of clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, bronchoscopy, echocardiography and cardiopulmonary pathological results were retrospectively reviewed in a case of COVID-19 with rapid exacerbation from mild to critical condition. Results: This patient hospitalized at day 9 post 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) infection, experienced progressive deterioration from mild to severe at day 11, severe to critical at day 18 and underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) and continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT) as well as heart lung transplantation during day 28-45 day post infection, and died on the second day post heart and lung transplantation. The patient had suffered from hypertension for 8 years. At the early stage of the disease, his symptoms were mild and the inflammatory indices increased and the lymphocyte count decreased continuously. The patient's condition exacerbated rapidly with multi-organ infections, and eventually developed pulmonary hemorrhage and consolidation, pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, malignant ventricular arrhythmias, liver dysfunction, etc. His clinical manifestations could not be improved despite viral RNAs test results became negative. The patient underwent lung and heart transplantation and finally died of multi organ failure at the second day post lung and heart transplantation. Pathological examination indicated massive mucus, dark red secretions and blood clots in bronchus. The pathological changes were mainly diffused pulmonary hemorrhagic injuries and necrosis, fibrosis, small vessel disease with cardiac edema and lymphocyte infiltration. Conclusions: The clinical course of COVID-19 can exacerbate rapidly from mild to critical with lung, liver and heart injuries. Steadily increased inflammation indices are suggestive of irreversible disease progression and worse outcome. In the early stages of the disease, the progress of the disease should be closely observed and evaluated, and the factors related to the progress of the disease should be identified and managed."}, {"pmid": 32406395, "pmcid": "PMC7218394", "title": "A model based study on the dynamics of COVID-19: Prediction and control.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Mandal, Manotosh", "Jana, Soovoojeet", "Nandi, Swapan Kumar", "Khatua, Anupam", "Adak, Sayani", "Kar, T K"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406395", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As there is no vaccination and proper medicine for treatment, the recent pandemic caused by COVID-19 has drawn attention to the strategies of quarantine and other governmental measures, like lockdown, media coverage on social isolation, and improvement of public hygiene, etc to control the disease. The mathematical model can help when these intervention measures are the best strategies for disease control as well as how they might affect the disease dynamics. Motivated by this, in this article, we have formulated a mathematical model introducing a quarantine class and governmental intervention measures to mitigate disease transmission. We study a thorough dynamical behavior of the model in terms of the basic reproduction number. Further, we perform the sensitivity analysis of the essential reproduction number and found that reducing the contact of exposed and susceptible humans is the most critical factor in achieving disease control. To lessen the infected individuals as well as to minimize the cost of implementing government control measures, we formulate an optimal control problem, and optimal control is determined. Finally, we forecast a short-term trend of COVID-19 for the three highly affected states, Maharashtra, Delhi, and Tamil Nadu, in India, and it suggests that the first two states need further monitoring of control measures to reduce the contact of exposed and susceptible humans."}, {"pmid": 32508009, "title": "Thalidomide combined with low-dose short-term glucocorticoid in the treatment of critical Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Chen, Chengshui", "Qi, Feng", "Shi, Keqing", "Li, Yuping", "Li, Ji", "Chen, Yongping", "Pan, Jingye", "Zhou, Tieli", "Lin, Xiangyang", "Zhang, Jinsan", "Luo, Yongde", "Li, Xiaokun", "Xia, Jinglin"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508009", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345686, "title": "Vulnerable Youth and the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Silliman Cohen, Rachel I", "Adlin Bosk, Emily"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345686", "topics": ["Prevention", "General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439198, "pmcid": "PMC7214327", "title": "Probable Molecular Mechanism of Remdesivir for the Treatment of COVID-19: Need to Know More.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Saha, Abinit", "Sharma, Ashish Ranjan", "Bhattacharya, Manojit", "Sharma, Garima", "Lee, Sang-Soo", "Chakraborty, Chiranjib"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439198", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is now pandemic throughout the world. Scientist, doctors are searching for effective therapy of this diseases. The remdesivir, an antiviral drug, is appeared as 'molecule of hope' for the treatment of this disease. USFDA gave emergency approval to this drug for the treatment of COVID-19. The molecular mechanism is unknown. In this paper, we tried to describe the probable molecular mechanism of remdesivir to inhibit the RNA synthesis of SARS-CoV-2. However, more detail mechanism is needed to understand mechanism of action of remdesivir."}, {"pmid": 32410124, "pmcid": "PMC7224347", "title": "COVID-19 and Health Disparities: the Reality of \"the Great Equalizer\".", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Mein, Stephen A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410124", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523686, "pmcid": "PMC7235682", "title": "Understanding the current status of patients with pulmonary hypertension during COVID-19 outbreak: a small-scale national survey from China.", "journal": "Pulm Circ", "authors": ["Zhou, Hongmei", "Zhang, Gangcheng", "Deng, Xiaoxian", "Jin, Bowen", "Qiu, Qiu", "Yan, Menghuan", "Wang, Xi", "Zheng, Xuan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523686", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pulmonary hypertension is a chronic disease developing progressively with high mortality. Pulmonary hypertension patients need persistent medical care; however, limited reports focused on them when there was an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. This national survey was aimed to evaluate the overall condition of pulmonary hypertension patients during this period. A questionnaire regarding the living condition of pulmonary hypertension patients during coronavirus disease 2019 was designed by pulmonary hypertension diagnostic experts in Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital. Pulmonary hypertension patients and their family members were invited to participate in this survey online. One-hundred twenty pulmonary hypertension patients and 23 family members participated in the survey; 64.8% (n\u2009=\u200987) participants came from Hubei, and others were from 15 other provinces; 98.6% (n\u2009=\u2009141) participants were in home quarantine; 65.8% (n\u2009=\u200979) were pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with congenital heart disease; and 76.7% (n\u2009=\u200992) patients proclaimed their heart function was well maintained at class I or II. One (0.8%) patient was confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Two (1.7%) patients were hospitalized due to heart function worsening. Nearly 70% (n\u2009=\u2009100) participants implied shortage in medications during coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. A total of 24.2% (n\u2009=\u200929) patients indicated that medications were discontinued due to the insufficient supply. Most of the participants stayed optimistic on either coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak or their pulmonary hypertension disease, and 61.7% (n\u2009=\u200974) patients would go to the hospital for follow-up immediately after outbreak. These preliminary data show pulmonary hypertension patients are able to avoid severe disease when they are in home quarantine. Medication supplement is important for pulmonary hypertension patients when their heart function is well maintained. In addition, there might be increasing requirements of medical care for pulmonary hypertension patients after the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32504623, "pmcid": "PMC7267796", "title": "COVID-19 and heart injury: Appropriate methodology is crucial for assessing the emerging evidence.", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Kollias, Anastasios", "Kyriakoulis, Konstantinos G", "Stergiou, George S"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504623", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367576, "pmcid": "PMC7267240", "title": "Saliva is a non-negligible factor in the spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Mol Oral Microbiol", "authors": ["Li, Yuqing", "Ren, Biao", "Peng, Xian", "Hu, Tao", "Li, Jiyao", "Gong, Tao", "Tang, Boyu", "Xu, Xin", "Zhou, Xuedong"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367576", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, a novel emerging coronavirus, has caused severe disease (COVID-19), and rapidly spread worldwide since the beginning of 2020. SARS-CoV-2 mainly spreads by coughing, sneezing, droplet inhalation, and contact. SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in saliva samples, making saliva a potential transmission route for COVID-19. The participants in dental practice confront a particular risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection due to close contact with the patients and potential exposure to saliva-contaminated droplets and aerosols generated during dental procedures. In addition, saliva-contaminated surfaces could lead to potential cross-infection. Hence, the control of saliva-related transmission in the dental clinic is critical, particularly in the epidemic period of COVID-19. Based on our experience of the COVID-19 epidemic, some protective measures that can help reduce the risk of saliva-related transmission are suggested, in order to avoid the potential spread of SARS-CoV-2 among patients, visitors, and dental practitioners."}, {"pmid": 32114054, "pmcid": "PMC7134413", "title": "COVID-19 in medical personnel: observation from Thailand.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Joob, B", "Wiwanitkit, V"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114054", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32087820, "pmcid": "PMC7159277", "title": "Preparedness and vulnerability of African countries against importations of COVID-19: a modelling study.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Gilbert, Marius", "Pullano, Giulia", "Pinotti, Francesco", "Valdano, Eugenio", "Poletto, Chiara", "Boelle, Pierre-Yves", "D'Ortenzio, Eric", "Yazdanpanah, Yazdan", "Eholie, Serge Paul", "Altmann, Mathias", "Gutierrez, Bernardo", "Kraemer, Moritz U G", "Colizza, Vittoria"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087820", "countries": ["Angola", "Sudan", "South Africa", "Kenya", "Egypt", "Tanzania, United Republic of", "China", "Algeria", "Ethiopia", "Ghana", "Tunisia", "Nigeria"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic has spread from China to 25 countries. Local cycles of transmission have already occurred in 12 countries after case importation. In Africa, Egypt has so far confirmed one case. The management and control of COVID-19 importations heavily rely on a country's health capacity. Here we evaluate the preparedness and vulnerability of African countries against their risk of importation of COVID-19. We used data on the volume of air travel departing from airports in the infected provinces in China and directed to Africa to estimate the risk of importation per country. We determined the country's capacity to detect and respond to cases with two indicators: preparedness, using the WHO International Health Regulations Monitoring and Evaluation Framework; and vulnerability, using the Infectious Disease Vulnerability Index. Countries were clustered according to the Chinese regions contributing most to their risk. Countries with the highest importation risk (ie, Egypt, Algeria, and South Africa) have moderate to high capacity to respond to outbreaks. Countries at moderate risk (ie, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Sudan, Angola, Tanzania, Ghana, and Kenya) have variable capacity and high vulnerability. We identified three clusters of countries that share the same exposure to the risk originating from the provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, and the city of Beijing, respectively. Many countries in Africa are stepping up their preparedness to detect and cope with COVID-19 importations. Resources, intensified surveillance, and capacity building should be urgently prioritised in countries with moderate risk that might be ill-prepared to detect imported cases and to limit onward transmission. EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020, Agence Nationale de la Recherche."}, {"pmid": 32199996, "pmcid": "PMC7186548", "title": "[SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy. Information and proposal of management care. CNGOF].", "journal": "Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol", "authors": ["Peyronnet, V", "Sibiude, J", "Deruelle, P", "Huissoud, C", "Lescure, X", "Lucet, J-C", "Mandelbrot, L", "Nisand, I", "Vayssiere, C", "Yazpandanah, Y", "Luton, D", "Picone, O"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199996", "countries": ["China", "France"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) highlighted at the end of 2019 in China is spreading across all continents. Most often at the origin of a mild infectious syndrome, associating mild symptoms (fever, cough, myalgia, headache and possible digestive disorders) to different degrees, SARS-Covid-2 can cause serious pulmonary pathologies and sometimes death. Data on the consequences during pregnancy are limited. The first Chinese data published seem to show that the symptoms in pregnant women are the same as those of the general population. There are no cases of intrauterine maternal-fetal transmission, but cases of newborns infected early suggest that there could be vertical perpartum or neonatal transmission. Induced prematurity and cases of respiratory distress in newborns of infected mothers have been described. Pregnancy is known as a period at higher risk for the consequences of respiratory infections, as for influenza, so it seems important to screen for Covid-19 in the presence of symptoms and to monitor closely pregnant women. In this context of the SARS-Covid-2 epidemic, the societies of gynecology-obstetrics, infectious diseases and neonatalogy have proposed a French protocol for the management of possible and proven cases of SARS-Covid-2 in pregnant women. These proposals may evolve on a daily basis with the advancement of the epidemic and knowledge in pregnant women. Subsequently, an in-depth analysis of cases in pregnant women will be necessary in order to improve knowledge on the subject."}, {"pmid": 32245691, "pmcid": "PMC7270164", "title": "On the frontline against COVID-19: Community pharmacists' contribution during a public health crisis.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Cadogan, Cathal A", "Hughes, Carmel M"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245691", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global spread of COVID-19 is placing unprecedented demands on healthcare services. In this time of crisis, innovative and adaptive methods of practising will be required across all health professions. In order to maximise the use of current available resources, it is vital that existing services are comprehensively reviewed and full use is made of any unrealised potential among healthcare providers. Community pharmacy is one of a number of health professions that has a key role to play in responding to the current pandemic. As the scope of community pharmacy practice varies considerably across countries, it is important to examine ways in which the profession can assist with the public health response to COVID-19 and maintaining the continuity of healthcare services. This article seeks to highlight roles and activities that community pharmacists can undertake to help in relieving pressure on other areas of the health service, such as general practice. This information could help to inform future decisions about the restructuring of existing health services by governments, public health bodies and policy makers in response to public health crises such as COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32531174, "title": "New Insights for the Pathogenesis of COVID-19-Related Dysgeusia.", "journal": "J Dent Res", "authors": ["Mariz, B A L A", "Brandao, T B", "Ribeiro, A C P", "Lopes, M A", "Santos-Silva, A R"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531174", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420919, "title": "COVID-19 and Cities: from Urban Health strategies to the pandemic challenge. A Decalogue of Public Health opportunities.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Capolongo, Stefano", "Rebecchi, Andrea", "Buffoli, Maddalena", "Appolloni, Letizia", "Signorelli, Carlo", "Fara, Gaetano Maria", "D'Alessandro, Daniela"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420919", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, which nowadays has exceeded 2.5 million notified infections in the world and about 200,000 deaths, is a strong reminder that urbanization has changed the way that people and communities live, work, and interact, and it's necessary to make resilient the systems and local capacities to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. How we can re-design the concept of Public Health in relation to the built environment and the contemporary cities? According to the previous statements and scenario, aim of this paper is to integrate the Urban Health strategic objectives, focusing the possible responses, both immediate and medium-long term, to the current environmental, social, and economic aspects of the \"period\" of physical distancing.\u00a0 Results. Immediate Actions are 01. program the flexibility of city schedules; 02. plan a smart and sustainable mobility network; 03. define a neighborhood services' plan; 04. develop a digitization of the urban context, promoting the smart communities; 05. re-think the accessibility to the places of culture and tourism.\u00a0 Medium-long term Actions are 06. design the indoor flexibility of domestic living spaces; 07. re-think building typologies, fostering the presence of semi-private or collective spaces; 08. renovate the basic care services' network; 09. integrate the existing environmental emergency plans, with those related to the health emergencies; 10. improve stakeholders' awareness of the factors affecting Public Health in the cities. The Decalogue of Public Health opportunities may provide a useful basis for Designers (Architects and Urban Planners), Policy Makers, Public Health experts and Local Health Agencies, in promoting actions and policies aimed to transform our cities in healthier and Salutogenic living environments. (www.actabiomedica.it)."}, {"pmid": 32514230, "pmcid": "PMC7268587", "title": "The COVID-19 response must integrate people living with HIV needs in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Mali.", "journal": "Trop Med Health", "authors": ["Sagaon-Teyssier, Luis", "Yattassaye, Adam", "Bourrelly, Michel", "Dembele Keita, Bintou", "Spire, Bruno"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514230", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first COVID-19 cases in Mali were reported almost 1 month after the first case in the African continent. However, the outbreak continues to spread faster there than in other countries which, along with Mali, successfully tackled the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Africa. Given this context, specific actions targeting people living with HIV (PLWH) are needed to reinforce prevention. Community-based involvement is crucial to ensure continuity of care and treatment for PLWH. Furthermore, the health of frontline healthcare workers must take priority in any actions taken. The long-established trustful relationship between NGOs and PLWH in Mali is indispensable to disseminate key messages about COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32451823, "pmcid": "PMC7246965", "title": "Systematic assessment of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients receiving thromboprophylaxis: incidence and role of D-dimer as predictive factors.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Artifoni, Mathieu", "Danic, Gwenvael", "Gautier, Giovanni", "Gicquel, Pascal", "Boutoille, David", "Raffi, Francois", "Neel, Antoine", "Lecomte, Raphael"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451823", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coagulopathy in COVID-19 is a burning issue and strategies to prevent thromboembolic events are debated and highly heterogeneous. The objective was to determine incidence and risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID-19 inpatients receiving thromboprophylaxis. In this retrospective French cohort study, patients hospitalized in medical wards non-ICU with confirmed COVID-19 and adequate thromboprophylaxis were included. A systematic low limb venous duplex ultrasonography was performed at hospital discharge or earlier if deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was clinically suspected. Chest angio-CT scan was performed when pulmonary embolism (PE) was suspected. Of 71 patients, 16 developed VTE (22.5%) and 7 PE (10%) despite adequate thromboprophylaxis. D-dimers at baseline were significantly higher in patients with DVT (p\u2009<\u20090.001). Demographics, comorbidities, disease manifestations, severity score, and other biological parameters, including inflammatory markers, were similar in patients with and without VTE. The negative predictive value of a baseline D-dimer level\u2009<\u20091.0\u00a0\u00b5g/ml was 90% for VTE and 98% for PE. The positive predictive value for VTE was 44% and 67% for D-dimer level\u2009\u2265\u20091.0\u00a0\u00b5g/ml and\u2009\u2265\u20093\u00a0\u00b5g/ml, respectively. The association between D-dimer level and VTE risk increased by taking into account the latest available D-dimer level prior to venous duplex ultrasonography for the patients with monitoring of D-dimer. Despite thromboprophylaxis, the risk of VTE is high in COVID-19 non-ICU inpatients. Increased D-dimer concentrations of more than 1.0\u00a0\u03bcg/ml predict the risk of venous thromboembolism. D-dimer level-guided aggressive thromboprophylaxis regimens using higher doses of heparin should be evaluated in prospective studies."}, {"pmid": 32317502, "title": "A surge in eye clinic nonattendance under 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Au, Sunny Chi Lik"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317502", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336551, "pmcid": "PMC7180014", "title": "Contingency plan for the intensive care services for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Rascado Sedes, P", "Ballesteros Sanz, M A", "Bodi Saera, M A", "Carrasco Rodriguez-Rey, L F", "Castellanos Ortega, A", "Catalan Gonzalez, M", "Lopez, C de Haro", "Diaz Santos, E", "Escriba Barcena, A", "Frade Mera, M J", "Igeno Cano, J C", "Martin Delgado, M C", "Martinez Estalella, G", "Raimondi, N", "Roca I Gas, O", "Rodriguez Oviedo, A", "Romero San Pio, E", "Trenado Alvarez, J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336551", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020, the Chinese authorities identified a new virus of the Coronaviridae family as the cause of several cases of pneumonia of unknown aetiology. The outbreak was initially confined to Wuhan City, but then spread outside Chinese borders. On 31 January 2020, the first case was declared in Spain. On 11 March 2020, The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. On 16 March 2020, there were 139 countries affected. In this situation, the Scientific Societies SEMICYUC and SEEIUC have decided to draw up this Contingency Plan to guide the response of the Intensive Care Services. The objectives of this plan are to estimate the magnitude of the problem and identify the necessary human and material resources. This is to provide the Spanish Intensive Medicine Services with a tool to programme optimal response strategies."}, {"pmid": 32421537, "pmcid": "PMC7154502", "title": "Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421537", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371472, "pmcid": "PMC7205519", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and ORF3a: Nonsynonymous Mutations, Functional Domains, and Viral Pathogenesis.", "journal": "mSystems", "authors": ["Issa, Elio", "Merhi, Georgi", "Panossian, Balig", "Salloum, Tamara", "Tokajian, Sima"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371472", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The effect of the rapid accumulation of nonsynonymous mutations on the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is not yet known. The 3a protein is unique to SARS-CoV and is essential for disease pathogenesis. Our study aimed at determining the nonsynonymous mutations in the 3a protein in SARS-CoV-2 and determining and characterizing the protein's structure and spatial orientation in comparison to those of 3a in SARS-CoV. A total of 51 different nonsynonymous amino acid substitutions were detected in the 3a proteins among 2,782 SARS-CoV-2 strains. We observed microclonality within the ORF3a gene tree defined by nonsynonymous mutations separating the isolates into distinct subpopulations. We detected and identified six functional domains (I to VI) in the SARS-CoV-2 3a protein. The functional domains were linked to virulence, infectivity, ion channel formation, and virus release. Our study showed the importance of conserved functional domains across the species barrier and revealed the possible role of the 3a protein in the viral life cycle. Observations reported in this study merit experimental confirmation.IMPORTANCE At the surge of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we detected and identified six functional domains (I to VI) in the SARS-CoV-2 3a protein. Our analysis showed that the functional domains were linked to virulence, infectivity, ion channel formation, and virus release in SARS-CoV-2 3a. Our study also revealed the functional importance of conserved domains across the species barrier. Observations reported in this study merit experimental confirmation."}, {"pmid": 32501332, "pmcid": "PMC7255266", "title": "The other crisis.", "journal": "New Sci", "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501332", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Focusing on coronavirus is completely justified, but it isn't the only danger we face."}, {"pmid": 32476607, "title": "Delayed specific IgM antibody responses observed among COVID-19 patients with severe progression.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Shen, Liang", "Wang, Chunhua", "Zhao, Jianzhong", "Tang, Xiaoyong", "Shen, Ying", "Lu, Mingqing", "Ding, Zhe", "Huang, Canping", "Zhang, Ji", "Li, Shichao", "Lan, Jiaming", "Wong, Gary", "Zhu, Yufang"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476607", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread rapidly worldwide since it was confirmed as the causative agent of COVID-19. Molecular diagnosis of the disease is typically performed via nucleic acid-based detection of the virus from swabs, sputum or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). However, the positive rate from the commonly used specimens (swabs or sputum) was less than 75%. Immunological assays for SARS-CoV-2 are needed to accurately diagnose COVID-19. Sera were collected from patients or healthy people in a local hospital in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China. The SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM antibodies were then detected using a SARS-CoV-2 IgM colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA). Results were analysed in combination with sera collection date and clinical information. The GICA was found to be positive with the detected 82.2% (37/45) of RT-qPCR confirmed COVID-19 cases, as well as 32.0% (8/25) of clinically confirmed, RT-qPCR negative patients (4-14 days after symptom onset). Investigation of IgM-negative, RT-qPCR-positive COVID-19 patients showed that half of them developed severe disease. The GICA was found to be a useful test to complement existing PCR-based assays for confirmation of COVID-19, and a delayed specific IgM antibody response was observed among COVID-19 patients with severe progression."}, {"pmid": 32341172, "pmcid": "PMC7204787", "title": "Suspected cases of COVID-19: study protocol for reporting characteristics and the outcomes.", "journal": "Fam Med Community Health", "authors": ["Hamed, Ehab", "Abd Elhamid, Mohamed", "Alemrayat, Bayan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341172", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425245, "pmcid": "PMC7229965", "title": "[Hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19: how to use it waiting for conclusive scientific evidence].", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Cairoli, Ernesto", "Espinosa, Gerard"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425245", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521503, "title": "The continuum of SARS-CoV-2's neurotropism and the potential for immune-mediated neuronal injury.", "journal": "Seizure", "authors": ["Vavougios, George D"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521503", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283157, "pmcid": "PMC7151481", "title": "Imported COVID-19 cases pose new challenges for China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Libin", "Cai, Juncheng", "Lin, Qiuyan", "Xiang, Bin", "Ren, Tao"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283157", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525402, "title": "Atypical Presentation of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Peritoneal Dialysis Patient.", "journal": "J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep", "authors": ["Bose, Subhasish", "Adapa, Sreedhar", "Konala, Venu Madhav", "Gopalreddy, Hemapriya", "Sohail, Salim", "Naramala, Srikanth", "Kondakindi, Hema", "Muppidi, Vijayadershan", "Ramachandran, Manoj V", "Juran, Peter J", "Aeddula, Narothama Reddy"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525402", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a rapidly spreading disease causing increased morbidity and mortality across the globe. There is limited available knowledge regarding the natural history of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Other factors that are also making this infection spread like a pandemic include global travelers, lack of proven treatment, asymptomatic carriers, potential reinfection, underprepared global health care systems, and lack of public awareness and efforts to prevent further spread. It is understood that certain preexisting medical conditions increase the risk of mortality with COVID-19; however, the outcome of this disease in traditionally vulnerable chronic illnesses such as end-stage renal disease is not well documented. We present a case of a 56-year-old African American lady with end-stage renal disease on the peritoneal dialysis who presented predominantly with nausea, vomiting, and subsequently found to have COVID-19. We use this case to illustrate an atypical presentation of the COVID-19 in a vulnerable patient and discuss the literature."}, {"pmid": 32271208, "pmcid": "PMC7188039", "title": "Survey of COVID-19 Disease Among Orthopaedic Surgeons in Wuhan, People's Republic of China.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Guo, Xiaodong", "Wang, Jiedong", "Hu, Dong", "Wu, Lisha", "Gu, Li", "Wang, Yang", "Zhao, Jingjing", "Zeng, Lian", "Zhang, Jianduan", "Wu, Yongchao"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271208", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, the People's Republic of China, in December 2019 and now is a pandemic all around the world. Some orthopaedic surgeons in Wuhan were infected with COVID-19. We conducted a survey to identify the orthopaedic surgeons who were infected with COVID-19 in Wuhan. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to collect information such as social demographic variables, clinical manifestations, exposure history, awareness of the outbreak, infection control training provided by hospitals, and individual protection practices. To further explore the possible risk factors at the individual level, a 1:2 matched case-control study was conducted. A total of 26 orthopaedic surgeons from 8 hospitals in Wuhan were identified as having COVID-19. The incidence in each hospital varied from 1.5% to 20.7%. The onset of symptoms was from January 13 to February 5, 2020, and peaked on January 23, 8 days prior to the peak of the public epidemic. The suspected sites of exposure were general wards (79.2%), public places at the hospital (20.8%), operating rooms (12.5%), the intensive care unit (4.2%), and the outpatient clinic (4.2%). There was transmission from these doctors to others in 25% of cases, including to family members (20.8%), to colleagues (4.2%), to patients (4.2%), and to friends (4.2%). Participation in real-time training on prevention measures was found to have a protective effect against COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR], 0.12). Not wearing an N95 respirator was found to be a risk factor (OR, 5.20 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09 to 25.00]). Wearing respirators or masks all of the time was found to be protective (OR, 0.15). Severe fatigue was found to be a risk factor (OR, 4 [95% CI, 1 to 16]) for infection with COVID-19. Orthopaedic surgeons are at risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. Common places of work could be contaminated. Orthopaedic surgeons have to be more vigilant and take more precautions to avoid infection with COVID-19. Diagnostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence."}, {"pmid": 32406356, "title": "Storytelling and Poetry in the time of Coronavirus.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Barrett, Elizabeth", "Dickson, Melissa", "Hayes-Brady, Clare", "Wheelock, Harriet"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406356", "countries": ["Ireland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus crisis occurs at a time when many clinicians have already experienced burnout. One in three Irish doctors were suffering from burnout in the 2019 National Study of Wellbeing of Hospital Doctors in Ireland; rates are also high in Irish Psychiatry. We present a perspective on the use of Narrative in Medicine, and recognise that storytelling, and the patient history, are very much at the heart of medicine. Clinician storytelling, such as Schwartz Rounds and Balint group work, have very much come to the fore in Irish Psychiatry and in training. Projects such as Mind Reading have explored overlaps between clinicians, humanities experts and experts by experience. We give an overview of some approaches from the movement around narrative in medicine to bolster this. We explore why clinicians write- as ways to support identification, catharsis and a way to process experiences. Clinicians and patients may also use literature and poetry to promote coping. The historic context and practical strategies are highlighted, particularly with reference to Poetry use during the current crisis."}, {"pmid": 32271369, "pmcid": "PMC7184473", "title": "Prediction for Progression Risk in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia: the CALL Score.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ji, Dong", "Zhang, Dawei", "Xu, Jing", "Chen, Zhu", "Yang, Tieniu", "Zhao, Peng", "Chen, Guofeng", "Cheng, Gregory", "Wang, Yudong", "Bi, Jingfeng", "Tan, Lin", "Lau, George", "Qin, Enqiang"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271369", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to clarify the high-risk factors with multivariate analysis and establish a prediction of disease progression, so as to help clinicians to better choose therapeutic strategy. All the consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to Fuyang second people's hospital or the fifth medical center of Chinese PLA general hospital between January 20 and February 22, 2020, were enrolled and their clinical data were retrospectively collected. Multivariate COX regression was used to identify the risk factors associated with progression, and then were incorporated into the nomogram to establish a novel prediction scoring model. ROC was used to assess the performance of the novel model. Overall, 208 patients were divided into stable group (n=168, 80.8%) and progressive group (n=40,19.2%) based on whether their conditions worsened during the hospitalization Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that comorbidity, older age, lower lymphocyte and higher lactate dehydrogenase at presentation were independent high-risk factors for COVID-19 progression. Incorporating these 4 factors, the nomogram achieved good concordance indexes of 0.86 (95%CI 0.81 - 0.91), and had well-fitted calibration curves. A novel scoring model, named as CALL, was established, and its area under ROC was 0.91 (95% CI 0.86 to 0.94). Using a cutoff value of 6 points, the positive and negative predictive values were 50.7% (38.9% - 62.4%) and 98.5% (94.7% - 99.8%), respectively. Using the CALL score model, clinicians can improve the therapeutic effect and reduce the mortality of COVID-19 with more accurate and reasonable resolutions on medical resources."}, {"pmid": 32236998, "pmcid": "PMC7228210", "title": "Solidarity and transparency against the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Arora, Gulhima", "Kroumpouzos, George", "Kassir, Martin", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Sadoughifar, Roxanna", "Sitkowska, Zuzanna", "Grabbe, Stephan", "Goldust, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236998", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516462, "title": "Anti-A Isohemagglutinin titers and SARS-CoV2 neutralization: implications for children and convalescent plasma selection.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Daniele, Focosi"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516462", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I read with interest the recent article by Li et al (1) detailing the risk for COVID-19 pneumonia and ABO blood group. After demonstration that group O healthcare workers were less likely to become infected with SARS-CoV (2), a research group proved that anti-A blood group natural isoagglutinins inhibit SARS-CoV entry into competent cells (3) and could opsonize viral particles leading to complement-mediated neutralization (4). Since SARS-CoV2 uses the same receptor as SARS-CoV, anti-A isoagglutinins are expected to have similar effects against SARS-CoV2: accordingly, clusters of glycosylation sites exist proximal to the receptor-binding motif of the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2 S protein (5)."}, {"pmid": 32283082, "pmcid": "PMC7151493", "title": "Cardiothoracic Education in the Time of COVID-19: How I Teach It.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Lewis, Erik E", "Taylor, Lauren J", "Hermsen, Joshua L", "McCarthy, Daniel P", "Fiedler, Amy G"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283082", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502707, "pmcid": "PMC7265840", "title": "Convalescent plasma therapy in the treatment of COVID-19: practical considerations: Correspondence.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Islam, Amin", "Rafiq, Shafqat", "Karim, Sabina", "Laher, Ismail", "Rashid, Harunor"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502707", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305035, "pmcid": "PMC7152888", "title": "Sentiment analysis of nationwide lockdown due to COVID 19 outbreak: Evidence from India.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Barkur, Gopalkrishna", "Vibha", "Kamath, Giridhar B"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305035", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381590, "title": "Ethics of controlled human infection to address COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Shah, Seema K", "Miller, Franklin G", "Darton, Thomas C", "Duenas, Devan", "Emerson, Claudia", "Lynch, Holly Fernandez", "Jamrozik, Euzebiusz", "Jecker, Nancy S", "Kamuya, Dorcas", "Kapulu, Melissa", "Kimmelman, Jonathan", "MacKay, Douglas", "Memoli, Matthew J", "Murphy, Sean C", "Palacios, Ricardo", "Richie, Thomas L", "Roestenberg, Meta", "Saxena, Abha", "Saylor, Katherine", "Selgelid, Michael J", "Vaswani, Vina", "Rid, Annette"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381590", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388072, "pmcid": "PMC7189837", "title": "Care home facilities as new COVID-19 hotspots: Lombardy Region (Italy) case study.", "journal": "Arch Gerontol Geriatr", "authors": ["Logar, Silvia"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388072", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514587, "title": "Oncocardiology: new challenges, new opportunities.", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Michel, Lars", "Schadendorf, Dirk", "Rassaf, Tienush"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514587", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with cancer are at a\u00a0higher risk of cardiovascular disease, which contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. The rapid progress in the field of oncological treatments has led to a\u00a0steady increase in long-term cancer survivors. Care for cardiovascular complications is therefore becoming increasingly important. In addition, the establishment of new oncological therapies has resulted in the identification of previously unknown cardiovascular side effects. Oncocardiology aims to detect and treat cardiovascular diseases associated with cancer and cancer therapy. Continuous scientific, clinical, and structural developments are necessary as the basis for the best care of the growing number of affected patients. This review summarizes current developments in the field of oncocardiology with regard to advances in cancer therapy and challenges in clinical oncocardiology work. Cardiovascular side effects by targeted cancer therapies are characterized and recent advances in the field of cardiovascular diagnostics are outlined. Developments to better integrate oncocardiology into the medical care system and perspectives for modern, patient-oriented care are shown. In light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, current challenges and opportunities are highlighted. The relevance of profitable further advances in oncocardiology including standardized guidelines and educational programs is delineated as a\u00a0mandatory requirement for the successful development of oncocardiology."}, {"pmid": 32499974, "pmcid": "PMC7266087", "title": "Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Encephalopathy, MRI Brain and Cerebrospinal Fluid Findings: Case 2.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Espinosa, Patricio S", "Rizvi, Zufe", "Sharma, Pamraj", "Hindi, Fawzi", "Filatov, Asia"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499974", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The neurological complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are being better understood as the pandemic progresses. We report a second case of a patient who presented with COVID-19 infection and encephalopathy to our institution. In addition, we report MRI brain and cerebrospinal fluid data. COVID-19 does not seem to cross the blood-brain barrier. The exact mechanisms of encephalopathy and pathological response of COVID-19 are unknown."}, {"pmid": 32504747, "title": "Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Kunutsor, Setor K", "Laukkanen, Jari A"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504747", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321705, "title": "Dynamic adaptation to COVID-19 in a Singapore paediatric emergency department.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Tan, Ronald Ming Ren", "Ong, Gene Yong-Kwang", "Chong, Shu-Ling", "Ganapathy, Sashikumar", "Tyebally, Arif", "Lee, Khai Pin"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321705", "countries": ["Singapore", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Singapore was one of the earliest countries affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with more laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in early February 2020 than any other country outside China. This short report is a narrative review of our tertiary paediatric emergency department (ED) perspective and experience managing the evolving outbreak situation. Logistic considerations included the segregation of the ED into physically separate high-risk, intermediate-risk and low-risk areas, with risk-adapted use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare personnel in each ED area. Workflow considerations included the progressive introduction of outpatient COVID-19 testing in the ED for enhanced surveillance; adapting the admissions process particularly for high-risk and intermediate-risk cases; and the management of unwell accompanying adult caregivers. Manpower considerations included the reorganisation of medical manpower into modular teams to mitigate the risk of hospital transmission of COVID-19. Future plans for a tiered isolation facility should include structural modifications for the permanent isolation facility such as anterooms for PPE donning/doffing; replication of key ED functions in the tent facility such as a separate resuscitation room and portable X-ray room; and refresher PPE training. Dynamic reassessment of ED workflow processes, in conjunction with the hospital and national public health response, may help in managing this novel disease entity."}, {"pmid": 32253371, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on urology residency training in Italy.", "journal": "Minerva Urol Nefrol", "authors": ["Amparore, Daniele", "Claps, Francesco", "Cacciamani, Giovanni E", "Esperto, Francesco", "Fiori, Cristian", "Liguori, Giovanni", "Serni, Sergio", "Trombetta, Carlo", "Carini, Marco", "Porpiglia, Francesco", "Checcucci, Enrico", "Campi, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253371", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the global emergency scenario caused by COVID-19 pandemic, the Urology residents' training might be critically affected. To provide insights on this issue, a 25-items online Survey was sent to all Italian residents one month after the first case of COVID-19 in Italy, to evaluate their routine involvement in \"clinical\" (on-call duty, outpatient visits, diagnostic procedures) and \"surgical\" (endoscopic, open and minimally invasive surgery) training activities before and during the COVID-19 period. Overall, 351/577 (60.8%) residents completed the Survey. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of residents routinely involved in \"clinical\" and \"surgical\" activities ranged from 79.8% to 87.2% and from 49.3% to 73.5%, respectively. In the COVID-19 period, the proportion of residents experiencing a severe reduction (>40%) or complete suppression (>80%) of training exposure ranged between 41.1% and 81.2% for \"clinical\" activities while between 44.2% and 62.1% for \"surgical\" activities. This reduction was even more pronounced for residents attending the final year of training. Our study is the first to provide real-life data on how Urology residency training can be impaired during an emergency period. To address this challenge, strategies aiming to increase the use of telemedicine, smart learning programs and tele-mentoring of surgical procedures, are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32518460, "pmcid": "PMC7271083", "title": "A cause for concern.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Hamzelou, Jessica"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518460", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The UK government has released the scientific advice it has received on covid-19, and independent experts aren't impressed, reports Jessica Hamzelou."}, {"pmid": 32343342, "pmcid": "PMC7197583", "title": "The COVID-19 Global Pandemic: Implications for People With Schizophrenia and Related Disorders.", "journal": "Schizophr Bull", "authors": ["Kozloff, Nicole", "Mulsant, Benoit H", "Stergiopoulos, Vicky", "Voineskos, Aristotle N"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343342", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) global pandemic has already had an unprecedented impact on populations around the world, and is anticipated to have a disproportionate burden on people with schizophrenia and related disorders. We discuss the implications of the COVID-19 global pandemic with respect to: (1) increased risk of infection and poor outcomes among people with schizophrenia, (2) anticipated adverse mental health consequences for people with schizophrenia, (3) considerations for mental health service delivery in inpatient and outpatient settings, and (4) potential impact on clinical research in schizophrenia. Recommendations emphasize rapid implementation of measures to both decrease the risk of COVID-19 transmission and maintain continuity of clinical care and research to preserve safety of both people with schizophrenia and the public."}, {"pmid": 32334041, "pmcid": "PMC7174980", "title": "Infection Prevention and Control in Perioperative Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Protocol from a Tertiary General Hospital.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Du, Zhe", "Wang, Tianbing"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334041", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513858, "title": "Clinical Performance of SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Testing.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Green, Daniel A", "Zucker, Jason", "Westblade, Lars F", "Whittier, Susan", "Rennert, Hanna", "Velu, Priya", "Craney, Arryn", "Cushing, Melissa", "Liu, Dakai", "Sobieszczyk, Magdalena E", "Boehme, Amelia K", "Sepulveda, Jorge L"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513858", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Molecular testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the gold standard for diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the clinical performance of these tests is still poorly understood, particularly with regard to disease course, patient-specific factors, and viral shedding. From 3/10/2020-5/1/2020 NewYork-Presbyterian laboratories performed 27,377 SARS-CoV-2 molecular assays from 22,338 patients. Repeat testing was performed for 3,432 patients, of which 2,413 had initial negative and 802 had initial positive results. Repeat-tested patients were more likely to have severe disease and low viral loads. The negative predictive value of the first day result among repeat-tested patients was 81.3% The clinical sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 molecular assays was estimated between 58 % and 96%, depending on the unknown number of false negative results in single-tested patients. Conversion to negative was unlikely to occur before 15 to 20 days after initial testing or 20-30 days after the onset of symptoms, with 50% conversion occurring at 28 days after initial testing. Conversion from first day negative to positive results increased linearly with each day of testing, reaching 25% probability in 20 days. Sixty patients fluctuated between positive and negative results over several weeks suggesting caution when acting on single results. In summary, our study provides estimates of the clinical performance of SARS-CoV-2 molecular assays and suggests time frames for appropriate repeat testing, namely 15 to 20 days after a positive test and the same or next 2 days after a negative test in patients with high suspicion for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32314954, "pmcid": "PMC7203164", "title": "COVID-19 Community Stabilization and Sustainability Framework: An Integration of the Maslow Hierarchy of Needs and Social Determinants of Health.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Ryan, Benjamin J", "Coppola, Damon", "Canyon, Deon V", "Brickhouse, Mark", "Swienton, Raymond"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314954", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "All levels of government are authorized to apply coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) protection measures; however, they must consider how and when to ease lockdown restrictions to limit long-term societal harm and societal instability. Leaders that use a well-considered framework with an incremental approach will be able to gradually restart society while simultaneously maintaining the public health benefits achieved through lockdown measures. Economically vulnerable populations cannot endure long-term lockdown, and most countries lack the ability to maintain a full nationwide relief operation. Decision-makers need to understand this risk and how the Maslow hierarchy of needs and the social determinants of health can guide whole of society policies. Aligning decisions with societal needs will help ensure all segments of society are catered to and met while managing the crisis. This must inform the process of incremental easing of lockdowns to facilitate the resumption of community foundations, such as commerce, education, and employment in a manner that protects those most vulnerable to COVID-19. This study proposes a framework for identifying a path forward. It reflects on baseline requirements, regulations and recommendations, triggers, and implementation. Those desiring a successful recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic need to adopt an evidence-based framework now to ensure community stabilization and sustainability."}, {"pmid": 32460532, "title": "Cardiology practice in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Monsuez, Jean-Jacques"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460532", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427688, "title": "The Role of Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosis and Follow-Up of Children With Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Musolino, Anna Maria", "Supino, Maria Chiara"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427688", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275296, "pmcid": "PMC7149350", "title": "Data Error in Viewpoint on COVID-19 in Italy.", "journal": "JAMA", "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275296", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215952, "title": "Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Recalcati, S"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215952", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324429, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Global Natural Experiment.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Thomson, Blake"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324429", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389845, "pmcid": "PMC7205638", "title": "Coronavirus 2019 and health systems affected by protracted conflict: The case of Syria.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Abbara, Aula", "Rayes, Diana", "Fahham, Ola", "Alhiraki, Omar Alrashid", "Khalil, Munzer", "Alomar, Abdulrahman", "Tarakji, Ahmad"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389845", "countries": ["Syrian Arab Republic"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Two thirds of countries globally are unprepared to respond to a health emergency as per the International Health Regulations (2005), with conflict-affected countries like Syria being particularly vulnerable. Political influences on outbreak preparedness, response and reporting may also adversely affect control of SARS-CoV-2 in Syria. Syria reported its first case on 22 March 2020; however, concerns were raised that this was delayed and that underreporting continues. Syria's conflict has displaced more than half of its pre-war population, leaving 6.7 million people internally displaced. The consequent overcrowding - with insufficient water, sanitation and healthcare (including laboratory capacity) - could lead to conditions that are ideal for spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Syria. Political changes have led to the formation of at least three health systems within Syria's borders, each with its own governance, capacity and planning. This fragmentation, with little interaction between them, could lead to poor resource allocation and adversely affect control. As such, COVID-19 could overwhelm the health systems (particularly intensive care capacity), leading to high deaths across the population, particularly for the most vulnerable such as detainees. Locally implementable interventions that rapidly build WASH and health system capacity are required across Syria to ensure early detection and management of COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32282419, "pmcid": "PMC7197340", "title": "A Review of State Guidelines for Elective Orthopaedic Procedures During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Sarac, Nikolas J", "Sarac, Benjamin A", "Schoenbrunner, Anna R", "Janis, Jeffrey E", "Harrison, Ryan K", "Phieffer, Laura S", "Quatman, Carmen E", "Ly, Thuan V"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282419", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in widespread cancellation of elective orthopaedic procedures. The guidance coming from multiple sources frequently has been difficult to assimilate as well as dynamic, with constantly changing standards. We seek to communicate the current guidelines published by each state, to discuss the impact of these guidelines on orthopaedic surgery, and to provide the general framework used to determine which procedures have been postponed at our institution. An internet search was used to identify published state guidelines regarding the cancellation of elective procedures, with a publication cutoff of March 24, 2020, 5:00 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time. Data collected included the number of states providing guidance to cancel elective procedures and which states provided specific guidance in determining which procedures should continue being performed as well as to orthopaedic-specific guidance. Thirty states published guidance regarding the discontinuation of elective procedures, and 16 states provided a definition of \"elective\" procedures or specific guidance for determining which procedures should continue to be performed. Only 5 states provided guidelines specifically mentioning orthopaedic surgery; of those, 4 states explicitly allowed for trauma-related procedures and 4 states provided guidance against performing arthroplasty. Ten states provided guidelines allowing for the continuation of oncological procedures. Few states have published guidelines specific to orthopaedic surgery during the COVID-19 outbreak, leaving hospital systems and surgeons with the responsibility of balancing the benefits of surgery with the risks to public health."}, {"pmid": 32273181, "pmcid": "PMC7271211", "title": "COVID-19 in a Kidney Transplant Patient.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Wang, Junpeng", "Li, Xin", "Cao, Guanghui", "Wu, Xiaoqiang", "Wang, Zhiwei", "Yan, Tianzhong"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273181", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356908, "pmcid": "PMC7267673", "title": "Mathematical modeling of interaction between innate and adaptive immune responses in COVID-19 and implications for viral pathogenesis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Du, Sean Quan", "Yuan, Weiming"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356908", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have applied mathematical modeling to investigate the infections of the ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. We first validated our model using the well-studied influenza viruses and then compared the pathogenesis processes between the two viruses. The interaction between host innate and adaptive immune responses was found to be a potential cause for the higher severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Specifically, the timing mismatch between the two immune responses has a major impact on disease progression. The adaptive immune response of the COVID-19 patients is more likely to come before the peak of viral load, while the opposite is true for influenza patients. This difference in timing causes delayed depletion of vulnerable epithelial cells in the lungs in COVID-19 patients while enhancing viral clearance in influenza patients. Stronger adaptive immunity in COVID-19 patients can potentially lead to longer recovery time and more severe secondary complications. Based on our analysis, delaying the onset of adaptive immune responses during the early phase of infections may be a potential treatment option for high-risk COVID-19 patients. Suppressing the adaptive immune response temporarily and avoiding its interference with the innate immune response may allow the innate immunity to more efficiently clear the virus."}, {"pmid": 32268042, "title": "Imaging of Covid-19; an Irish Perspective", "journal": "Ir Med J", "authors": ["Hickie, C", "McQuade, C", "Torreggiani, W C"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268042", "countries": ["Ireland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386562, "pmcid": "PMC7252066", "title": "COVID-19 in a 26-week preterm neonate.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Piersigilli, Fiammetta", "Carkeek, Katherine", "Hocq, Catheline", "van Grambezen, Benedicte", "Hubinont, Corinne", "Chatzis, Olga", "Van der Linden, Dimitri", "Danhaive, Olivier"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386562", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421479, "title": "Update to device-related pressure ulcers: SECURE prevention. COVID-19, face masks and skin damage.", "journal": "J Wound Care", "authors": ["Gefen, Amit", "Ousey, Karen"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421479", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has brought the effects of device-related pressure ulcers (DRPU) into sharp focus. With the increased use of personal protective equipment (PPE), including face masks, continuous positive airway pressure (CAPP) masks and other devices, the incidence of DRPUs among health professionals and patients alike has risen starkly. As such, the Journal of Wound Care (JWC) consensus document, Device-related pressure ulcers: SECURE prevention, published in February 2020, is more relevant than ever. To help support patients and frontline health professionals, JWC is republishing the consensus in a digital format, along with a new introductory article outlining the DRPU risks posed by PPE and other medical devices used by patients and health professionals during the pandemic, and how the skin damage can be avoided. The aim is to provide frontline staff with a clear, simple strategy on how to prevent the risk of personal skin damage and/or DRPU during the pandemic, as well as point them in the direction of more indepth guidance on long-term strategies for prevention, for both themselves and patients."}, {"pmid": 32423899, "pmcid": "PMC7239531", "title": "ESMO Management and treatment adapted recommendations in the COVID-19 era: Pancreatic Cancer.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Catanese, Silvia", "Pentheroudakis, George", "Douillard, Jean-Yves", "Lordick, Florian"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423899", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is challenging the capacities of health systems in many countries. National healthcare services have to manage unexpected shortages of healthcare resources that have to be re-allocated according to the principles of fair and ethical prioritisation, in order to maintain the highest levels of care to all patients, ensure the safety of patients and healthcare workers, and save as many lives as possible. Also, cancer care services have to pursue restructuring, following the same evidence-based dispositions. In this article, we propose a guidance to the management of pancreatic cancer during the pandemic, prioritised according to a three-tiered framework, and based on expert clinical judgement and magnitude of benefit expected from specific interventions. Since the availability of resources for diagnostic procedures, surgery and postoperative care, systemic therapy and radiotherapy may differ, the authors have separated the prioritisation analyses. The impact of postponing or abrogating cancer interventions on outcomes according to a high, medium or low priority scale is outlined and discussed. The implementation of healthcare services using telemedicine is explored; it reveals itself as functional and effective for limiting patients' need to travel to centres and thereby has the potential to reduce diffusion of SARS-CoV-2. Pancreatic cancer demands a considerable amount of medical resources. Therefore, the redefinition of its diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms with a rigorous method is crucial in order to ensure the highest quality of continuum of care in the broader context of the pandemic and the challenged healthcare systems."}, {"pmid": 32527700, "pmcid": "PMC7239019", "title": "First COVID-19 mortality case in Taiwan with bacterial co-infection by national surveillance of critically ill patients with influenza-negative pneumonia.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Wei-Cheng", "Lai, Yi-Chyi", "Lin, Chieh-Hui", "Zheng, Jin-Fu", "Hung, Wen-Chung", "Wang, Yi-Jen", "Kuo, Tsung-Huai", "Wu, Li-Hung", "Tong, Yao-Shen", "Lu, Min-Chi", "Liu, Keh-Sen"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527700", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 63-year-old diabetic smoker with alcoholism was the first mortality case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taiwan. As concurrently infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae and subsequently with Klebsiella aerogenes, he was exposed by a national survey of patients with critically influenza-negative pneumonia. We recommend COVID-19 screening for patients with severe flu-like syndrome and protecting health-care workers from being infected."}, {"pmid": 32463752, "title": "Patient safety reports round-up during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Tingle, John"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463752", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses some recent patient safety reports, revealing that patient safety concerns continue during the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32343510, "title": "COVID-19: are T lymphocytes simply watching?", "journal": "Panminerva Med", "authors": ["Saverino, Daniele"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343510", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455485, "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak in dermatologic surgery: resetting clinical priorities.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Rossi, Elena", "Trakatelli, Myrto", "Giacomelli, Luca", "Ferrari, Barbara", "Francomano, Mariangela", "Pellacani, Giovanni", "Magnoni, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455485", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emilia-Romagna was one of the Italian regions mostly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures were taken to slow the COVID-19 outbreak. All routine activities in Modena hospitals were suspended; however, urgent procedures were still to be performed. Setting the priority of procedures in oncological dermatology in the COVID-19 era is challenging."}, {"pmid": 32407707, "pmcid": "PMC7219357", "title": "Rational Vaccine Design in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Burton, Dennis R", "Walker, Laura M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407707", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As scientists consider SARS-CoV-2 vaccine design, we discuss problems that may be encountered and how to tackle them by what we term \"rational vaccine design.\" We further discuss approaches to pan-coronavirus vaccines. We draw on experiences from recent research on several viruses including HIV and influenza, as well as coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32343767, "pmcid": "PMC7192360", "title": "This Time Must Be Different: Disparities During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Bibbins-Domingo, Kirsten"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343767", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425316, "pmcid": "PMC7229736", "title": "Hand sanitisers amid CoViD-19: A critical review of alcohol-based products on the market and formulation approaches to respond to increasing demand.", "journal": "Int J Pharm", "authors": ["Berardi, Alberto", "Perinelli, Diego R", "Merchant, Hamid A", "Bisharat, Lorina", "Basheti, Iman A", "Bonacucina, Giulia", "Cespi, Marco", "Palmieri, Giovanni F"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425316", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32392380, "pmcid": "PMC7273071", "title": "Diabetes and COVID-19: psychosocial consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in people with diabetes in Denmark-what characterizes people with high levels of COVID-19-related worries?", "journal": "Diabet Med", "authors": ["Joensen, L E", "Madsen, K P", "Holm, L", "Nielsen, K A", "Rod, M H", "Petersen, A A", "Rod, N H", "Willaing, I"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392380", "countries": ["Denmark"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To map COVID-19-specific worries and overall psychosocial health among people with diabetes in the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark, and to explore characteristics of people with diabetes and high levels of worries related to the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional survey was conducted by distributing online questionnaires to 2430 adult members (>\u00a018\u00a0years) of two user panels consisting of people with diabetes who have volunteered to share information about their life with diabetes. The questionnaire included items on COVID-19-specific worries as well as such worries related to diabetes, sociodemographic and health status, social relations, diabetes-specific social support, diabetes distress and changes in diabetes-specific behaviours. Responses were analysed with descriptive statistics and logistic regressions. People with diabetes have COVID-19-specific worries related to their diabetes. More than half were worried about being overly affected due to diabetes if infected with COVID-19, about one-third about being characterized as a risk group due to diabetes and not being able to manage diabetes if infected. Logistic regressions showed that being female, having type 1 diabetes, diabetes complications and diabetes distress, feeling isolated and lonely, and having changed diabetes behaviours were associated with being more worried about COVID-19 and diabetes. People with diabetes have COVID-19-specific worries related to their diabetes which is associated with poorer psychosocial health. These worries should be addressed through support targeting specific questions and needs of individuals with diabetes as well as frequent updates on new knowledge regarding COVID-19 and diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32434442, "title": "Re-infection by COVID-19: a real threat for the future management of pandemia?", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Bongiovanni, Marco", "Basile, Fiorpaolo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425636, "pmcid": "PMC7231495", "title": "Factors associated with duration of viral shedding in adults with COVID-19 outside of Wuhan, China: A retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qi, Lin", "Yang, Yong", "Jiang, Dixuan", "Tu, Chao", "Wan, Lu", "Chen, Xiangyu", "Li, Zhihong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425636", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate factors associated with the duration of viral shedding in patients with COVID-19 outside of Wuhan. In this retrospective cohort study, patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in Changsha, China were included. Clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, treatment and outcome were retrieved. Univariable and multivariable analysis were performed to explore potential factors. Totally 147 patients with COVID-19 were included. The median duration of viral shedding (the number of days from symptoms onset till the successive negative detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA) was 17 days (interquartile range [IQR], 12 to 21). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis indicated that the highest temperature at admission (odds ratio [OR], 5.200; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.190-22.726; p\u2009=\u20090.028) and time from symptom onset to admission (OR, 1.740; 95% CI: 1.296-2.337; p\u2009<\u20090.001) and hospital length of stay (OR, 1.604; 95% CI: 1.262-2.040; p\u2009<\u20090.001) were risk factors for prolonged duration of viral shedding. This is the study with relatively large sample size that mainly focused on the duration of viral shedding and relevant factors in patients with COVID-19 outside of Wuhan, China. Potential risk factors were identified and should be taken into consideration for the strategy of quarantine of infected patients."}, {"pmid": 32336585, "pmcid": "PMC7162741", "title": "Protecting our healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ehrlich, Haley", "McKenney, Mark", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336585", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473310, "pmcid": "PMC7254006", "title": "Discovery of the FDA-approved drugs bexarotene, cetilistat, diiodohydroxyquinoline, and abiraterone as potential COVID-19 treatments with a robust two-tier screening system.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Yuan, Shuofeng", "Chan, Jasper F W", "Chik, Kenn K H", "Chan, Chris C Y", "Tsang, Jessica O L", "Liang, Ronghui", "Cao, Jianli", "Tang, Kaiming", "Chen, Lin-Lei", "Wen, Kun", "Cai, Jian-Piao", "Ye, Zi-Wei", "Lu, Gang", "Chu, Hin", "Jin, Dong-Yan", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473310", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with a crude case fatality rate of about 0.5-10 % depending on locality. A few clinically approved drugs, such as remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, nafamostat, camostat, and ivermectin, exhibited anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in vitro and/or in a small number of patients. However, their clinical use may be limited by anti-SARS-CoV-2 50 % maximal effective concentrations (EC50) that exceeded their achievable peak serum concentrations (Cmax), side effects, and/or availability. To find more immediately available COVID-19 antivirals, we established a two-tier drug screening system that combines SARS-CoV-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and cell viability assay, and applied it to screen a library consisting 1528 FDA-approved drugs. Cetilistat (anti-pancreatic lipase), diiodohydroxyquinoline (anti-parasitic), abiraterone acetate (synthetic androstane steroid), and bexarotene (antineoplastic retinoid) exhibited potent in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity (EC50 1.13-2.01 \u03bcM). Bexarotene demonstrated the highest Cmax:EC50 ratio (1.69) which was higher than those of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and ivermectin. These results demonstrated the efficacy of the two-tier screening system and identified potential COVID-19 treatments which can achieve effective levels if given by inhalation or systemically depending on their pharmacokinetics."}, {"pmid": 32441248, "title": "The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on sleep.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Javaheri, Sogol", "Javaheri, Shahrokh"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441248", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299988, "title": "We should err on side of caution with Covid-19 advice.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Shanthikumar, S Reuben"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299988", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514207, "pmcid": "PMC7265935", "title": "Mortality surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Bull World Health Organ", "authors": ["Setel, Philip", "AbouZahr, Carla", "Atuheire, Emily B", "Bratschi, Martin", "Cercone, Emily", "Chinganya, Oliver", "Clapham, Benjamin", "Clark, Samuel J", "Congdon, Carlie", "de Savigny, Don", "Karpati, Adam", "Nichols, Erin", "Jakob, Robert", "Mwanza, James", "Muhwava, William", "Nahmias, Petra", "Ortiz, Elizabeth M", "Tshangela, Akhona"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514207", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242382, "title": "Audio Interview: Lessons from Covid-19 Hotspots.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242382", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302456, "title": "Potential of heparin and nafamostat combination therapy for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Asakura, Hidesaku", "Ogawa, Haruhiko"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302456", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478711, "title": "COVID-19 Case Detection: Cuba's Active Screening Approach.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Gorry, Conner"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478711", "countries": ["China", "Cuba"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Meningitis, neuropathy, HIV, dengue-since the 1960s, Cuba has faced its share of epidemics. More recently, Cuban health pro-fessionals tackled domestic outbreaks of H1N1 (2009) and Zika (2016), and worked alongside colleagues from around the world to stem Ebola in West Africa; all three were categorized by WHO as public health emergencies of international concern. In December 2019, China reported its fi rst cluster of pneumo-nia cases, later identifi ed as the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19. In January 2020, Cuban authorities convened a multi-sector working group coordinated by the Ministry of Pub-lic Health (MINSAP) and Civil Defense to tailor its national epi-demic control plan to confront the rapidly-spreading disease. The plan features a national reporting system and database, with standard protocols including early case detection, contact tracing and regularly-scheduled public health messaging. In late January, no fewer than six ministries, plus the National Sports and Recreation Institute, Customs, Immigration and national media outlets, came together to adapt domestic proto-cols and design multi-phase control and response mechanisms to combat the SARS-CoV-2 virus."}, {"pmid": 32060015, "title": "Coronavirus: home testing pilot launched in London to cut hospital visits and ambulance use.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-02-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32060015", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349928, "pmcid": "PMC7180366", "title": "Adjustments in the Use of Intravesical Instillations of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin for High-risk Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Lenfant, Louis", "Seisen, Thomas", "Loriot, Yohann", "Roupret, Morgan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349928", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients with COVID-19 are more likely to develop acute respiratory distress syndrome. Thus, several adjustments to the use of intravesical instillations of bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin should be made during the current pandemic to limit the risk of contamination."}, {"pmid": 32487278, "title": "Mental health of people living with dementia in care homes during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Velayudhan, Latha", "Aarsland, Dag", "Ballard, Clive"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487278", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341721, "pmcid": "PMC7181987", "title": "[Nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2 within Departments of Digestive Surgery].", "authors": ["Luong-Nguyen, Minh", "Hermand, Helene", "Abdalla, Solafah", "Cabrit, Nicolas", "Hobeika, Christian", "Brouquet, Antoine", "Goere, Diane", "Sauvanet, Alain"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341721", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic imposed a drastic reduction in surgical activity in order to respond to the influx of hospital patients and to protect uninfected patients by avoiding hospitalization. However, little is known about the risk of infection during hospitalization or its consequences. The aim of this work was to report a series of patients hospitalized on digestive surgery services who developed a nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2 virus. This is a non-interventional retrospective study carried out within three departments of digestive surgery. The clinical, biological and radiological data of the patients who developed a nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2 were collected from the computerized medical record. From March 1, 2020 to April 5, 2020, among 305 patients admitted to digestive surgery services, 15 (4.9%) developed evident nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2. There were nine men and six women, with a median age of 62 years (35-68 years). All patients had co-morbidities. The reasons for hospitalization were: surgical treatment of cancer (n = 5), complex emergencies (n = 5), treatment of complications linked to cancer or its treatment (n = 3), gastroplasty (n = 1), and stoma closure (n = 1). The median time from admission to diagnosis of SARS-Cov-2 infection was 34 days (5-61 days). In 12 patients (80%), the diagnosis was made after a hospital stay of more than 14 days (15-63 days). At the end of the follow-up, two patients had died, seven were hospitalized with two of them on respiratory assistance, and six patients were discharged post-hospitalization. The risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection during hospitalization or following digestive surgery is a real and potentially serious risk. Measures are necessary to minimize this risk in order to return to safe surgical activity."}, {"pmid": 32446796, "pmcid": "PMC7242188", "title": "Metformin, neutrophils and COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Dalan, Rinkoo"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446796", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404651, "pmcid": "PMC7236857", "title": "Opioid Use Disorder and COVID-19: Crashing of the Crises.", "journal": "J Addict Med", "authors": ["Khatri, Utsha G", "Perrone, Jeanmarie"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404651", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": The COVID19 crisis has created many additional challenges for patients with opioid use disorder, including those seeking treatment with medications for OUD. Some of these challenges include closure of substance use treatment clinics, focus of emergency departments on COVID-19 patients, social distancing and shelter in place orders affecting mental health, bystander overdose rescue, threats to income and supply of substances for people who use drugs. While the initial changes in regulation allowing buprenorphine prescribing by telehealth are welcomed by providers and patients, many additional innovations are required to ensure that additional vulnerabilities and hurdles created by this pandemic scenario do not further fan the flames of the opioid epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32413616, "pmcid": "PMC7195073", "title": "Mental Health Interventions during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Conceptual Framework by Early Career Psychiatrists.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Ransing, Ramdas", "Adiukwu, Frances", "Pereira-Sanchez, Victor", "Ramalho, Rodrigo", "Orsolini, Laura", "Teixeira, Andre Luiz Schuh", "Gonzalez-Diaz, Jairo M", "Pinto da Costa, Mariana", "Soler-Vidal, Joan", "Bytyci, Drita Gashi", "El Hayek, Samer", "Larnaout, Amine", "Shalbafan, Mohammadreza", "Syarif, Zulvia", "Nofal, Marwa", "Kundadak, Ganesh Kudva"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413616", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of mental health (MH) problems during a pandemic is extremely common, though difficult to address due to the complexities of pandemics and the scarcity of evidence about the epidemiology of pandemic-related MH problems and the potential interventions to tackle them. Little attention has been devoted so far to this topic from policymakers, stakeholders and researchers, resulting in a lack of replicable, scalable and applicable frameworks to help plan, develop and deliver MH care during pandemics. As a response, we have attempted to develop a conceptual framework (CF) that could guide the development, implementation, and evaluation of MH interventions during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This CF was developed by early career psychiatrists from 16 countries that cover all the WHO regions. Their opinions were elicited via a semi-structured questionnaire. They were asked to provide their views about the current MH situation in their countries and to elaborate on existing 'myths' and misinformation. They were also asked to name the resources available and to propose solutions and approaches to provide accessible and affordable care. The CF was prepared based on the extant literature and the views discussed in this group; it illustrates the epidemiology of MH problems, preparedness plans, stage-specific plans or innovative solutions, opportunities to integrate those plans and possible outcomes at policy level. This CF can serve as a technical guide for future research regarding pandemics. It can be used to monitor trends and to optimize efforts, and to develop evidence based MH interventions. Still, further research focusing on the individual components of this framework is needed."}, {"pmid": 32445165, "pmcid": "PMC7244400", "title": "Does this patient have COVID-19? A practical guide for the internist.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Bertolino, Lorenzo", "Vitrone, Martina", "Durante-Mangoni, Emanuele"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445165", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently causing a pandemic and will likely persist in endemic form in the foreseeable future. Physicians need to correctly approach this new disease, often representing a challenge in terms of differential diagnosis. Although COVID-19 lacks specific signs and symptoms, we believe internists should develop specific skills to recognize the disease, learning its 'semeiotic'. In this review article, we summarize the key clinical features that may guide in differentiating a COVID-19 case, requiring specific testing, from upper respiratory and/or influenza-like illnesses of other aetiology. We consider two different clinical settings, where availability of the different diagnostic strategies differs widely: outpatient and inpatient. Our reasoning highlights how challenging a balanced approach to a patient with fever and flu-like symptoms can be. At present, clinical workup of COVID-19 remains a hard task to accomplish. However, knowledge of the natural history of the disease may aid the internist in putting common and unspecific symptoms into the correct clinical context."}, {"pmid": 32273141, "pmcid": "PMC7138186", "title": "Abdominal and testicular pain: An atypical presentation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Kim, Jesi", "Thomsen, Todd", "Sell, Naomi", "Goldsmith, Andrew J"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273141", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32167747, "pmcid": "PMC7094171", "title": "Evidence of the COVID-19 Virus Targeting the CNS: Tissue Distribution, Host-Virus Interaction, and Proposed Neurotropic Mechanisms.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Baig, Abdul Mannan", "Khaleeq, Areeba", "Ali, Usman", "Syeda, Hira"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167747", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) has gripped the world with apprehension and has evoked a scare of epic proportion regarding its potential to spread and infect humans worldwide. As we are in the midst of an ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, scientists are struggling to understand how it resembles and differs from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) at the genomic and transcriptomic level. In a short time following the outbreak, it has been shown that, similar to SARS-CoV, COVID-19 virus exploits the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor to gain entry inside the cells. This finding raises the curiosity of investigating the expression of ACE2 in neurological tissue and determining the possible contribution of neurological tissue damage to the morbidity and mortality caused by COIVD-19. Here, we investigate the density of the expression levels of ACE2 in the CNS, the host-virus interaction and relate it to the pathogenesis and complications seen in the recent cases resulting from the COVID-19 outbreak. Also, we debate the need for a model for staging COVID-19 based on neurological tissue involvement."}, {"pmid": 32275925, "pmcid": "PMC7141460", "title": "Clinical and Imaging features of COVID-19 Patients: Analysis of Data from High-Altitude Areas.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zeng, Jie", "Peng, Shengkun", "Lei, Yu", "Huang, Jianxin", "Guo, Yang", "Zhang, Xiaoqin", "Huang, Xiaobo", "Pu, Hong", "Pan, Lingai"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275925", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437891, "pmcid": "PMC7211730", "title": "COVID-19, an opportunity to reevaluate the correlation between long-term effects of anthropogenic pollutants on viral epidemic/pandemic events and prevalence.", "journal": "Food Chem Toxicol", "authors": ["Tsatsakis, Aristidis", "Petrakis, Demetrious", "Nikolouzakis, Taxiarchis Konstantinos", "Docea, Anca Oana", "Calina, Daniela", "Vinceti, Marco", "Goumenou, Marina", "Kostoff, Ronald N", "Mamoulakis, Charalampos", "Aschner, Michael", "Hernandez, Antonio F"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437891", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Occupational, residential, dietary and environmental exposures to mixtures of synthetic anthropogenic chemicals after World War II have a strong relationship with the increase of chronic diseases, health cost and environmental pollution. The link between environment and immunity is particularly intriguing as it is known that chemicals and drugs can cause immunotoxicity (e.g., allergies and autoimmune diseases). In this review, we emphasize the relationship between long-term exposure to xenobiotic mixtures and immune deficiency inherent to chronic diseases and epidemics/pandemics. We also address the immunotoxicologic risk of vulnerable groups, taking into account biochemical and biophysical properties of SARS-CoV-2 and its immunopathological implications. We particularly underline the common mechanisms by which xenobiotics and SARS-CoV-2 act at the cellular and molecular level. We discuss how long-term exposure to thousand chemicals in mixtures, mostly fossil fuel derivatives, exposure toparticle matters, metals, ultraviolet (UV)-B radiation, ionizing radiation and lifestyle contribute to immunodeficiency observed in the contemporary pandemic, such as COVID-19, and thus threaten global public health, human prosperity and achievements, and global economy. Finally, we propose metrics which are needed to address the diverse health effects of anthropogenic COVID-19 crisis at present and those required to prevent similar future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32297317, "pmcid": "PMC7262170", "title": "Management of COVID-19-related paediatric blood samples in a clinical haematology laboratory.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Lam, Joyce C M", "Moshi, Grace B", "Ang, Soh H", "Chew, Hui M", "Ng, Qing H", "Madjukie, Andrew", "Logeswary, Muthiah"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297317", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516621, "title": "Overview of rapid mitigating strategies in Singapore during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Lee, W C", "Ong, C Y"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516621", "countries": ["Singapore", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article describes the rapid mitigation strategies in addressing the rising number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Singapore. Learning from the severe acute respiratory syndrome experience in 2003, early preparation started in January 2020 when Wuhan was declared as the epicentre of the epidemic. The government had constructed a three-pronged approach which includes travel, healthcare and community measures to curb the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32484893, "title": "Elevated Cardiac Troponin I Is Associated with Poor Outcomes in COVID-19 Patients at an Academic Medical Center in Midwestern USA.", "journal": "J Appl Lab Med", "authors": ["Franks, Caroline E", "Scott, Mitchell G", "Farnsworth, Christopher W"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484893", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433796, "title": "Robotic-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Tabaza, Luai", "Virk, Hafeez Ul Hassan", "Janzer, Sean", "George, Jon C"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433796", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the biggest global health threat in the 21st century. We describe a case of a patient with suspected COVID-19 who needed urgent coronary artery interrogation, in which we utilized robotic assistance to minimize the risk of exposure to COVID-19 and reduced personal protective equipment needed by the procedural team."}, {"pmid": 32332341, "title": "Life, Interrupted.", "journal": "Am J Nurs", "authors": ["Kennedy, Maureen Shawn"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332341", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The effects of COVID-19 are still unfolding."}, {"pmid": 32360075, "pmcid": "PMC7182524", "title": "COVID-19 admissions calculators - revisited.", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Victor, Grech"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360075", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325023, "pmcid": "PMC7154517", "title": "Returning Chinese school-aged children and adolescents to physical activity in the wake of COVID-19: Actions and precautions.", "journal": "J Sport Health Sci", "authors": ["Chen, Peijie", "Mao, Lijuan", "Nassis, George P", "Harmer, Peter", "Ainsworth, Barbara E", "Li, Fuzhong"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325023", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314264, "pmcid": "PMC7170027", "title": "Safe(r) transesophageal echocardiography and COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Bracco, David"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314264", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501358, "pmcid": "PMC7237936", "title": "Editorial: Impacts of COVID-19 on agricultural and food systems worldwide and on progress to the sustainable development goals.", "journal": "Agric Syst", "authors": ["Stephens, Emma C", "Martin, Guillaume", "van Wijk, Mark", "Timsina, Jagadish", "Snow, Val"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501358", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361283, "pmcid": "PMC7183944", "title": "Peripheral nerve blocks in a patient with suspected COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kilicaslan, Alper", "Kekec, Ahmet Fevzi", "Eren, Ayse Seda", "Uzun, Sema Tuncer"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361283", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376398, "pmcid": "PMC7252115", "title": "Tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with hyperinflammatory syndrome and acute respiratory failure: A single center study of 100 patients in Brescia, Italy.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Toniati, Paola", "Piva, Simone", "Cattalini, Marco", "Garrafa, Emirena", "Regola, Francesca", "Castelli, Francesco", "Franceschini, Franco", "Airo, Paolo", "Bazzani, Chiara", "Beindorf, Eva-Andrea", "Berlendis, Marialma", "Bezzi, Michela", "Bossini, Nicola", "Castellano, Maurizio", "Cattaneo, Sergio", "Cavazzana, Ilaria", "Contessi, Giovanni-Battista", "Crippa, Massimo", "Delbarba, Andrea", "De Peri, Elena", "Faletti, Angela", "Filippini, Matteo", "Filippini, Matteo", "Frassi, Micol", "Gaggiotti, Mario", "Gorla, Roberto", "Lanspa, Michael", "Lorenzotti, Silvia", "Marino, Rosa", "Maroldi, Roberto", "Metra, Marco", "Matteelli, Alberto", "Modina, Denise", "Moioli, Giovanni", "Montani, Giovanni", "Muiesan, Maria-Lorenza", "Odolini, Silvia", "Peli, Elena", "Pesenti, Silvia", "Pezzoli, Maria-Chiara", "Pirola, Ilenia", "Pozzi, Alessandro", "Proto, Alessandro", "Rasulo, Francesco-Antonio", "Renisi, Giulia", "Ricci, Chiara", "Rizzoni, Damiano", "Romanelli, Giuseppe", "Rossi, Mara", "Salvetti, Massimo", "Scolari, Francesco", "Signorini, Liana", "Taglietti, Marco", "Tomasoni, Gabriele", "Tomasoni, Lina-Rachele", "Turla, Fabio", "Valsecchi, Alberto", "Zani, Davide", "Zuccala, Francesco", "Zunica, Fiammetta", "Foca, Emanuele", "Andreoli, Laura", "Latronico, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376398", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A hyperinflammatory syndrome (HIS) may cause a life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. A prospective series of 100 consecutive patients admitted to the Spedali Civili University Hospital in Brescia (Italy) between March 9th and March 20th with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and ARDS requiring ventilatory support was analyzed to determine whether intravenous administration of tocilizumab (TCZ), a monoclonal antibody that targets the interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor, was associated with improved outcome. Tocilizumab was administered at a dosage of 8\u00a0mg/kg by two consecutive intravenous infusions 12\u00a0h apart. A third infusion was optional based on clinical response. The outcome measure was an improvement in acute respiratory failure assessed by means of the Brescia COVID Respiratory Severity Score (BCRSS 0 to 8, with higher scores indicating higher severity) at 24-72\u00a0h and 10\u00a0days after tocilizumab administration. Out of 100 treated patients (88\u00a0M, 12\u00a0F; median age: 62\u00a0years), 43 received TCZ in the intensive care unit (ICU), while 57 in the general ward as no ICU beds were available. Of these 57 patients, 37 (65%) improved and suspended noninvasive ventilation (NIV) (median BCRSS: 1 [IQR 0-2]), 7 (12%) patients remained stable in NIV, and 13 (23%) patients worsened (10 died, 3 were admitted to ICU). Of the 43 patients treated in the ICU, 32 (74%) improved (17 of them were taken off the ventilator and were discharged to the ward), 1 (2%) remained stable (BCRSS: 5) and 10 (24%) died (all of them had BCRSS\u22657 before TCZ). Overall at 10\u00a0days, the respiratory condition was improved or stabilized in 77 (77%) patients, of whom 61 showed a significant clearing of diffuse bilateral opacities on chest x-ray and 15 were discharged from the hospital. Respiratory condition worsened in 23 (23%) patients, of whom 20 (20%) died. All the patients presented with lymphopenia and high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, ferritin and IL-6 indicating a HIS. During the 10-day follow-up, three cases of severe adverse events were recorded: two patients developed septic shock and died, one had gastrointestinal perforation requiring urgent surgery and was alive at day 10. In conclusion, our series showed that COVID-19 pneumonia with ARDS was characterized by HIS. The response to TCZ was rapid, sustained, and associated with significant clinical improvement."}, {"pmid": 32374630, "title": "Crucial Conversations with Patients in Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Siropaides, Caitlin Holt", "Sulistio, Melanie S", "Reimold, Sharon Coplen"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374630", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439770, "title": "T cells found in coronavirus patients 'bode well' for long-term immunity.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Leslie, Mitch"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439770", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243255, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA Detected in Blood Donations.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chang, Le", "Zhao, Lei", "Gong, Huafei", "Wang, Lunan", "Wang, Lan"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243255", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Because of high rates of 2019 novel coronavirus disease in Wuhan, China, Wuhan Blood Center began screening for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA on January 25, 2020. We screened donations in real-time and retrospectively and found plasma samples positive for viral RNA from 4 asymptomatic donors."}, {"pmid": 32419737, "pmcid": "PMC7225701", "title": "[Asthma and COVID-19: a risk population?]", "journal": "Rev Mal Respir", "authors": ["Underner, M", "Peiffer, G", "Perriot, J", "Jaafari, N"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419737", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451932, "pmcid": "PMC7246971", "title": "Google trends and COVID-19 in Italy: could we brace for impact?", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ciaffi, Jacopo", "Meliconi, Riccardo", "Landini, Maria Paola", "Ursini, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451932", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526743, "title": "COVID-19-Related Stroke: Barking up the Wrong Tree?", "journal": "Eur Neurol", "authors": ["Morelli, Nicola", "Rota, Eugenia", "Terracciano, Chiara", "Immovilli, Paolo", "Spallazzi, Marco", "Colombi, Davide", "Zaino, Domenica", "Taga, Arens", "Michieletti, Emanuele", "Guidetti, Donata"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526743", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518071, "title": "Evaluation of COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test from Orient Gene Biotech.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Delliere, Sarah", "Salmona, Maud", "Minier, Marine", "Gabassi, Audrey", "Alanio, Alexandre", "Le Goff, Jerome", "Delaugerre, Constance", "Chaix, Marie-Laure"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518071", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the COVID-19 pandemic has peaked in many countries already, the current challenge is to assess population immunity on large scale. Many serological tests are available and require urgent independent validation. Here we report performance characteristics of Orient Gene (OG) COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette compare it Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG immunoassay (ASIA). Patients (n=102) with a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR were tested. They were asymptomatic (n=2), had mild (n=37) or severe symptoms requiring hospitalization in medical (n=35) or intensive care unit (n=28). Specificity was evaluated on 42 patients with previous viral and parasitic diseases as well as high level of rheumatic factor. Sensitivity of OG was 95.8% (CI95% 89.6-98.8) for samples collected \u226510 days after onset of symptoms which was equivalent to sensitivity of ASIA of 90.5% (IC95% 82.8-95.6). OG uncovered 6 false negative of ASIA, of which two had only IgM with OG. Specificity was 100% (CI95% 93.4-100) with both tests on samples including patients infected with endemic coronavirus. Overall, OG performance characteristics indicate that the test is suitable for routine use in clinical laboratories and performance is equivalent to immunoassay. Testing OG on a larger asymptomatic population may be needed to confirm these results."}, {"pmid": 32403248, "title": "Dentistry during the COVID-19 Epidemic: An Italian Workflow for the Management of Dental Practice.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Peditto, Matteo", "Scapellato, Simone", "Marciano, Antonia", "Costa, Paola", "Oteri, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403248", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has raised concerns about infection control all over the world. Among health workers, dentists are particularly exposed to the COVID-19 infection risk. The aim of this paper is to present a workflow to manage dental procedures already in use at the Dental Unit of the University Hospital of Messina. The proposed workflow accounts for the many aspects of dental practitioners' risk in the COVID-19 era, and focuses on the assessment of patient risk level, a two-phase dental procedure management (remote and face-to-face), and the use of specific preventive measures. No cases of COVID-19 infection were detected among patients and staff of the dental unit in a two-month period of time while using this protocol. This workflow seems a promising and effective solution to manage dental procedures during the COVID-19 outbreak, and could be implemented in both public and private practices until the emergency is contained."}, {"pmid": 32425222, "pmcid": "PMC7229964", "title": "[Repurposing chlorpromazine to treat COVID-19: the reCoVery study].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Plaze, Marion", "Attali, David", "Petit, Anne-Cecile", "Blatzer, Michael", "Simon-Loriere, Etienne", "Vinckier, Fabien", "Cachia, Arnaud", "Chretien, Fabrice", "Gaillard, Raphael"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425222", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has caused approximately 2,350,000 infections worldwide and killed more than 160,000 individuals. In Sainte Anne Hospital (GHU PARIS Psychiatrie & Neuroscience, Paris, France) we have observed a lower incidence of symptomatic forms of COVID-19 among patients than among our clinical staff. This observation led us to hypothesize that psychotropic drugs could have a prophylactic action against SARS-CoV-2 and protect patients from the symptomatic and virulent forms of this infection, since several of these psychotropic drugs have documented antiviral properties. Chlorpromazine (CPZ), a phenothiazine derivative, is also known for its antiviral activity via the inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Recent in vitro studies have reported that CPZ exhibits anti-MERS-CoV and anti-SARS-CoV-1 activity. In this context, the ReCoVery study aims to repurpose CPZ, a molecule with an excellent tolerance profile and a very high biodistribution in the saliva, lungs and brain. We hypothesize that CPZ could reduce the unfavorable course of COVID-19 infection among patients requiring respiratory support without the need for ICU care, and that it could also reduce the contagiousness of SARS-CoV-2. For this purpose, we plan a pilot, multicenter, randomized, single blind, controlled, phase III therapeutic trial (standard treatment vs. CPZ + standard treatment). This repurposing of CPZ for its anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity could offer an alternative, rapid strategy to alleviate infection severity. This repurposing strategy also avoids numerous developmental and experimental steps, and could save precious time to rapidly establish an anti-COVID-19 therapy with well-known, limited and easily managed side effects."}, {"pmid": 32427393, "title": "Telomeres and COVID-19.", "journal": "FASEB J", "authors": ["Aviv, Abraham"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427393", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The medical, public health, and scientific communities are grappling with monumental imperatives to contain COVID-19, develop effective vaccines, identify efficacious treatments for the infection and its complications, and find biomarkers that detect patients at risk of severe disease. The focus of this communication is on a potential biomarker, short telomere length (TL), that might serve to identify patients more likely to die from the SARS-CoV-2 infection, regardless of age. The common thread linking these patients is lymphopenia, which largely reflects a decline in the numbers of CD4/CD8 T cells but not B cells. These findings are consistent with data that lymphocyte TL dynamics impose a limit on T-cell proliferation. They suggest that T-cell lymphopoiesis might stall in individuals with short TL who are infected with SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32288418, "pmcid": "PMC7137902", "title": "D(2)EA: Depict the Epidemic Picture of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci", "authors": ["Liu, Chenzhengyi", "Zhao, Jingwei", "Liu, Guohang", "Gao, Yuanning", "Gao, Xiaofeng"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288418", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has aroused a global alert. To release social panic and guide future schedules, this article proposes a novel mathematical model, the Delay Differential Epidemic Analyzer (D2EA), to analyze the dynamics of epidemic and forecast its future trends. Based on the traditional Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model, the D2EA model innovatively introduces a set of quarantine states and applies both ordinary differential equations and delay differential equations to describe the transition between two states. Potential variations of practical factors are further considered to reveal the true epidemic picture. In the experiment part, we use the D2EA model to simulate the epidemic in Hubei Province. Fitting to the collected real data as non-linear optimization, the D2EA model forecasts that the accumulated confirmed infected cases in Hubei Province will reach the peak at the end of February and then steady down. We also evaluate the effectiveness of the quarantine measures and schedule the date to reopen Hubei Province."}, {"pmid": 32372828, "pmcid": "PMC7194563", "title": "Maintaining mental health in the time of coronavirus.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Sarner, Moya"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372828", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From social isolation to working on the front line, covid-19 is posing serious challenges to mental health. Moya Sarner asks the experts how we can protect ourselves."}, {"pmid": 32419024, "title": "Epidemic curve and reproduction number of COVID-19 in Iran.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Sahafizadeh, Ebrahim", "Sartoli, Samaneh"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419024", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 was first reported in Iran on 19 February, 2020. We estimated the initial basic reproduction number to be 4.86. With increasingly stringent public health measures, the effective reproduction number declined to below 1 after 2\u00a0months."}, {"pmid": 32220276, "title": "[Clinical and coagulation characteristics of 7 patients with critical COVID-2019 pneumonia and acro-ischemia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Y", "Cao, W", "Xiao, M", "Li, Y J", "Yang, Y", "Zhao, J", "Zhou, X", "Jiang, W", "Zhao, Y Q", "Zhang, S Y", "Li, T S"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220276", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the clinical and coagulation characteristics of the critical Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with acro-ischemia in the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: The retrospective study included 7 critical COVID-19 patients with acro-ischemia in a single center in Wuhan, from Feb 4 to Feb 15, 2020. The clinical and laboratory data before and during the ICU stay were analyzed. Results: The median age of 7 patients was 59 years and 4 of them were men. 3 of them were associated with underlying comorbidities. Fever, cough, dyspnea and diarrhea were common clinical symptoms. All patients had acro-ischemia presentations including finger/toe cyanosis, skin bulla and dry gangrene. D-dimer, fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) were significantly elevated in most patients. Prothrombin time (PT) were prolonged in 4 patients. D-dimer and FDP levels increased progressively when COVID-2019 exacerbated, and 4 patients were diagnosed with definite disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). 6 patients received low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) treatment, after which their D-dimer and FDP decreased, but there was no significant improvement in clinical symptoms. 5 patients died finally and the median time from acro-ischemia to death was 12 days. Conclusions: The existence of hypercoagulation status in critical COVID-2019 patients should be monitored closely, and anticoagulation therapy can be considered in selected patients. More clinical data is needed to investigate the role of anticoagulation in COVID-2019 treatment."}, {"pmid": 32309854, "pmcid": "PMC7188178", "title": "World leaders' usage of Twitter in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: a content analysis.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Rufai, Sohaib R", "Bunce, Catey"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309854", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is crucial that world leaders mount effective public health measures in response to COVID-19. Twitter may represent a powerful tool to help achieve this. Here, we explore the role of Twitter as used by Group of Seven (G7) world leaders in response to COVID-19. This was a qualitative study with content analysis. Inclusion criteria were as follows: viral tweets from G7 world leaders, attracting a minimum of 500 'likes'; keywords 'COVID-19' or 'coronavirus'; search dates 17 November 2019 to 17 March 2020. We performed content analysis to categorize tweets into appropriate themes and analyzed associated Twitter data. Eight out of nine (88.9%) G7 world leaders had verified and active Twitter accounts, with a total following of 85.7 million users. Out of a total 203 viral tweets, 166 (82.8%) were classified as 'Informative', of which 48 (28.6%) had weblinks to government-based sources, while 19 (9.4%) were 'Morale-boosting' and 14 (6.9%) were 'Political'. Numbers of followers and viral tweets were not strictly related. Twitter may represent a powerful tool for world leaders to rapidly communicate public health information with citizens. We would urge general caution when using Twitter for health information, with a preference for tweets containing official government-based information sources."}, {"pmid": 32339362, "pmcid": "PMC7267230", "title": "No evidence of increased risk for COVID-19 infection in patients treated with Dupilumab for atopic dermatitis in a high-epidemic area - Bergamo, Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Carugno, A", "Raponi, F", "Locatelli, A G", "Vezzoli, P", "Gambini, D M", "Di Mercurio, M", "Robustelli Test, E", "Sena, P"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339362", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Patients with AD have increased infection risk, including skin infections and systemic infections. Dupilumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody, blocks the shared receptor component for interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13. Dupilumab is approved for inadequately controlled moderate-to-severe AD.1."}, {"pmid": 32418880, "pmcid": "PMC7205650", "title": "The ethics (mis)used for filling the voids or harm of harm reduction ethics.", "journal": "J Geriatr Oncol", "authors": ["Curkovic, Marko", "Kosec, Andro"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418880", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32100976, "title": "[Airway management of COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100976", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with severe and critical COVID-19 will develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome in a short time. Noninvasive or invasive positive pressure ventilation will be important means for those patients, which will help to improve the clinical cure rate and reduce the mortality. Effective airway management has a great significance to improve respiratory support, reduce complications, and promote rehabilitation."}, {"pmid": 32407136, "title": "COVID-19, HIV, and Migrant Workers: The Double Burden of the Two Viruses.", "journal": "AIDS Patient Care STDS", "authors": ["Lodge, William 2nd", "Kuchukhidze, Salome"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407136", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297540, "pmcid": "PMC7171387", "title": "Association between platelet parameters and mortality in coronavirus disease 2019: Retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Platelets", "authors": ["Liu, Yanli", "Sun, Wenwu", "Guo, Yanan", "Chen, Liangkai", "Zhang, Lijuan", "Zhao, Su", "Long, Ding", "Yu, Li"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297540", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Thrombocytopenia has been implicated in patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, while the association of platelet count and changes with subsequent mortality remains unclear. The clinical and laboratory data of 383 patients with the definite outcome by March 1, 2020 in the Central Hospital of Wuhan were reviewed. The association between platelet parameters and mortality risk was estimated by utilizing Cox proportional hazard regression models. Among the 383 patients, 334 (87.2%) were discharged and survived, and 49 (12.8%) died. Thrombocytopenia at admission was associated with mortality of almost three times as high as that for those without thrombocytopenia (P <\u00a00.05). Cox regression analyses revealed that platelet count was an independent risk factor associated with in-hospital mortality in a dose-dependent manner. An increment of per 50\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0109/L in platelets was associated with a 40% decrease in mortality (hazard ratio: 0.60, 95%CI: 0.43, 0.84). Dynamic changes of platelets were also closely related to death during hospitalization. Baseline platelet levels and changes were associated with subsequent mortality. Monitoring platelets during hospitalization may be important in the prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease in 2019."}, {"pmid": 32337148, "pmcid": "PMC7179991", "title": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Presenting as Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Siddamreddy, Suman", "Thotakura, Ramakrishna", "Dandu, Vasuki", "Kanuru, Sruthi", "Meegada, Sreenath"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337148", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with Covid-19 disease commonly present with symptoms related to respiratory illness, and less commonly they develop cardiovascular complications either on presentation or during the course of the disease. The mortality/morbidity is high in these patients with cardiovascular involvement.\u00a0Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a medical emergency which needs immediate coronary re-perfusion for better patient outcomes. Here we present a patient who presented to the emergency room with acute STEMI and later tested positive for COVID-19. She was successfully treated with coronary revascularization and stent placement, and remains on the ventilator to date as she quickly developed acute respiratory distress syndrome. We need more research in Covid-19 patients with cardiovascular involvement\u00a0for early diagnosis, prevention of exposure to health care workers and effective treatment."}, {"pmid": 32515806, "title": "How Will COVID-19 Affect the Health Care Economy?", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Cutler, David"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515806", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224550, "pmcid": "PMC7260015", "title": "COVID-19 threatens health systems in sub-Saharan Africa: the eye of the crocodile.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Paintsil, Elijah"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224550", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515728, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemonium pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Woodcock, Barry G"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515728", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32098466, "title": "[What are the highlights of \"Diagnosis and treatment of disease 2019 novel coronavirus infection suitable for Military support Hubei medical team\"].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Shi, Y"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32098466", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Thousands of medical workers in the Military support Hubei medical team are exerting themselves in many hospitals in Hubei Province. They are diligent in treating patients, at the same time, they constantly summarize experience and combine the characteristics of military hospitals. According to \"the Diagnosis and Treatment of New Coronavirus Pneumonia \"(6th edition) of the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, a new guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus infection suitable for the military (first trial version) was established. Some unique opinions and suggestions are put forward in terms of disease name, diagnosis criteria, antiviral treatment, glucocorticoid application, etc. This article will make a proper interpretation in order to understand the guideline better and help guide the diagnosis and treatment of diseases."}, {"pmid": 32330295, "pmcid": "PMC7264602", "title": "Strong policies control the spread of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Bao-Zhu", "Cao, Nv-Wei", "Zhou, Hao-Yue", "Chu, Xiu-Jie", "Ye, Dong-Qing"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330295", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbroke in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, affecting more than 200 countries and regions. This study aimed to predict the development of the epidemic with specific interventional policies applied in China and evaluate their effectiveness. COVID-19 data of Hubei Province and the next five most affected provinces were collected from daily case reports of COVID-19 on the Health Committee official website of these provinces. The number of current cases, defined as the number of confirmed cases minus the number of cured cases and those who have died, was examined in this study. A modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious- Removed (SEIR) model was used to assess the effects of interventional policies on the epidemic. In this study, January 28 was day zero of the model. The results of the modified SEIR model showed that the number of current cases in Hubei and Zhejiang provinces tended to be stabilized after 70 days and after 60 days in the four other provinces. The predicted number of current cases without policy intervention was shown to far exceed that with policy intervention. The estimated number of COVID-19 cases in Hubei Province with policy intervention was predicted to peak at 51,222, whereas that without policy intervention was predicted to reach 157,721. Based on the results of the model, strong interventional policies were found to be vital components of epidemic control. Applying such policies is likely to shorten the duration of the epidemic and reduce the number of new cases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32198130, "title": "Mitigating Risk of COVID-19 in Dialysis Facilities.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Kliger, Alan S", "Silberzweig, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198130", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320540, "title": "[Workers'health and COVID-19].", "journal": "Arch Prev Riesgos Labor", "authors": ["Benavides, Fernando G"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320540", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347747, "title": "Can melatonin reduce the severity of COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Int Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Shneider, Alex", "Kudriavtsev, Aleksandr", "Vakhrusheva, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347747", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most devastating events in recent history. The virus causes relatively minor damage to young, healthy populations, imposing life-threatening danger to the elderly and people with diseases of chronic inflammation. Therefore, if we could reduce the risk for vulnerable populations, it would make the COVID-19 pandemic more similar to other typical outbreaks. Children don't suffer from COVID-19 as much as their grandparents and have a much higher melatonin level. Bats are nocturnal animals possessing high levels of melatonin, which may contribute to their high anti-viral resistance. Viruses induce an explosion of inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species, and melatonin is the best natural antioxidant that is lost with age. The programmed cell death coronaviruses cause, which can result in significant lung damage, is also inhibited by melatonin. Coronavirus causes inflammation in the lungs which requires inflammasome activity. Melatonin blocks these inflammasomes. General immunity is impaired by anxiety and sleep deprivation. Melatonin improves sleep habits, reduces anxiety and stimulates immunity. Fibrosis may be the most dangerous complication after COVID-19. Melatonin is known to prevent fibrosis. Mechanical ventilation may be necessary but yet imposes risks due to oxidative stress, which can be reduced by melatonin. Thus, by using the safe over-the-counter drug melatonin, we may be immediately able to prevent the development of severe disease symptoms in coronavirus patients, reduce the severity of their symptoms, and/or reduce the immuno-pathology of coronavirus infection on patients' health after the active phase of the infection is over."}, {"pmid": 32380152, "pmcid": "PMC7198414", "title": "Potential infectious risk from the pets carrying SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Haizhou", "Wang, Fan", "Wang, Hongling", "Zhao, Qiu"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380152", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473007, "title": "A Conceptual Discussion about R0 of SARS-COV-2 in Healthcare Settings.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Temime, Laura", "Gustin, Marie-Paule", "Duval, Audrey", "Buetti, Niccolo", "Crepey, Pascal", "Guillemot, Didier", "Thiebaut, Rodolphe", "Vanhems, Philippe", "Zahar, Jean-Ralph", "Smith, David R M", "Opatowski, Lulla"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473007", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, no specific estimate of R0 for SARS-CoV-2 is available for healthcare settings. Using inter-individual contact data, we highlight that R0 estimates from the community cannot translate directly to healthcare settings, with pre-pandemic R0 values ranging 1.3-7.7 in three illustrative healthcare institutions. This has implications for nosocomial Covid-19 control."}, {"pmid": 32281785, "pmcid": "PMC7158889", "title": "Dual-Functional Plasmonic Photothermal Biosensors for Highly Accurate Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Detection.", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Qiu, Guangyu", "Gai, Zhibo", "Tao, Yile", "Schmitt, Jean", "Kullak-Ublick, Gerd A", "Wang, Jing"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281785", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread globally and poses a threat to public health in more than 200 countries. Reliable laboratory diagnosis of the disease has been one of the foremost priorities for promoting public health interventions. The routinely used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is currently the reference method for COVID-19 diagnosis. However, it also reported a number of false-positive or -negative cases, especially in the early stages of the novel virus outbreak. In this work, a dual-functional plasmonic biosensor combining the plasmonic photothermal (PPT) effect and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing transduction provides an alternative and promising solution for the clinical COVID-19 diagnosis. The two-dimensional gold nanoislands (AuNIs) functionalized with complementary DNA receptors can perform a sensitive detection of the selected sequences from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) through nucleic acid hybridization. For better sensing performance, the thermoplasmonic heat is generated on the same AuNIs chip when illuminated at their plasmonic resonance frequency. The localized PPT heat is capable to elevate the in situ hybridization temperature and facilitate the accurate discrimination of two similar gene sequences. Our dual-functional LSPR biosensor exhibits a high sensitivity toward the selected SARS-CoV-2 sequences with a lower detection limit down to the concentration of 0.22 pM and allows precise detection of the specific target in a multigene mixture. This study gains insight into the thermoplasmonic enhancement and its applicability in the nucleic acid tests and viral disease diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32417899, "pmcid": "PMC7239147", "title": "Favipiravir, an antiviral for COVID-19?", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Coomes, Eric A", "Haghbayan, Hourmazd"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417899", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505492, "title": "Ethical considerations regarding heart and lung transplantation and mechanical circulatory support during the COVID-19 pandemic: an ISHLT COVID-19 Task Force statement.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Holm, Are M", "Mehra, Mandeep R", "Courtwright, Andrew", "Teuteberg, Jeffrey", "Sweet, Stuart", "Potena, Luciano", "Singer, Lianne G", "Farrero, Marta", "Shullo, Michael A", "Benza, Raymond", "Ensminger, Stephan", "Aslam, Saima"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505492", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To understand the challenges for thoracic transplantation and mechanical circulatory support during the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, we propose separating the effects of the pandemic into 5 distinct stages from a healthcare system perspective. We discuss how the classical ethical principles of utility, justice, and efficiency may need to be adapted, and we give specific recommendations for thoracic transplantation and mechanical circulatory support centers to balance their clinical decisions and strategies for advanced heart and lung disease during the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32340026, "title": "Web Exclusive. Annals Graphic Medicine - COVID Cataclysms: Coronavirus Through a Medical Student's Microscope.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Schifeling, William H"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340026", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[Figure: see text]."}, {"pmid": 32450346, "pmcid": "PMC7244444", "title": "Biochemical indicators of coronavirus disease 2019 exacerbation and the clinical implications.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["An, Peng-Jiao", "Yi, Zhun Zhu", "Yang, Li-Ping"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450346", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has sparked a global pandemic, affecting more than 4 million people worldwide. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause acute lung injury (ALI) and even acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); with a fatality of 7.0 %. Accumulating evidence suggested that the progression of COVID-19 is associated with lymphopenia and excessive inflammation, and a subset of severe cases might exhibit cytokine storm triggered by secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH). Furthermore, secondary bacterial infection may contribute to the exacerbation of COVID-19. We recommend using both IL-10 and IL-6 as the indicators of cytokine storm, and monitoring the elevation of procalcitonin (PCT) as an alert for initiating antibacterial agents. Understanding the dynamic progression of SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial to determine an effective treatment strategy to reduce the rising mortality of this global pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32518411, "title": "Genomic search for COVID-19 severity clues.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518411", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423504, "pmcid": "PMC7251287", "title": "Correlation between the migration scale index and the number of new confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 cases in China.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Huijie", "Chen, Ye", "Lian, Zhiyong", "Wen, Lihai", "Sun, Baijun", "Wang, Ping", "Li, Xinghai", "Liu, Qiong", "Yu, Xiaoyun", "Lu, Ying", "Qi, Ying", "Zhao, Shuo", "Zhang, Linlin", "Yi, Xiaodan", "Liu, Fengyu", "Pan, Guowei"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423504", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, patients of atypical pneumonia due to an unidentified microbial agent were reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Subsequently, a novel coronavirus was identified as the causative pathogen which was named SARS-CoV-2. As of 12 February 2020, more than 44 000 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been confirmed in China and continue to expand. Provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions of China have launched first-level response to major public health emergencies one after another from 23 January 2020, which means restricting movement of people among provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between the migration scale index and the number of confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and to depict the effect of restricting population movement. In this study, Excel 2010 was used to demonstrate the temporal distribution at the day level and SPSS 23.0 was used to analyse the correlation between the migration scale index and the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. We found that since 23 January 2020, Wuhan migration scale index has dropped significantly and since 26 January 2020, Hubei province migration scale index has dropped significantly. New confirmed COVID-19 cases per day in China except for Wuhan gradually increased since 24 January 2020, and showed a downward trend from 6 February 2020. New confirmed COVID-19 cases per day in China except for Hubei province gradually increased since 24 January 2020, and maintained at a high level from 24 January 2020 to 4 February 2020, then showed a downward trend. Wuhan migration scale index from 9 January to 22 January, 10 January to 23 January and 11 January to 24 January was correlated with the number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases per day in China except for Wuhan from 22 January to 4 February. Hubei province migration scale index from 10 January to 23 January and 11 January to 24 January was correlated with the number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases per day in China except for Hubei province from 22 January to 4 February. Our findings suggested that people who left Wuhan from 9 January to 22 January, and those who left Hubei province from 10 January to 24 January, led to the outbreak in the rest of China. The 'Wuhan lockdown' and the launching of the first-level response to this major public health emergency may have had a good effect on controlling the COVID-19 epidemic. Although new COVID-19 cases continued to be confirmed in China outside Wuhan and Hubei provinces, in our opinion, these are second-generation cases."}, {"pmid": 32433100, "title": "24th Collegium Ramazzini Statement: Prevention of Work-Related Infection in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Landrigan, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433100", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Workers whose occupations put them in contact with infected persons and the public are at increased risk of COVID-19 infection. The Collegium Ramazzini calls on governments at all levels to protect worker health by strengthening public health systems; maintaining comprehensive social insurance systems; establishing policies that presume all COVID-19 infections in high-risk workers are work-related; enforcing all occupational health standards; and developing pandemic preparedness plans.The Collegium Ramazzini calls on all employers - large and small, public and private - to protect the health of all workers by developing disease preparedness plans; implementing basic infection control measures; establishing disease identification and isolation policies; reducing hazardous exposures; supporting personal protective equipment (PPE) programs; and restricting unnecessary travel. Governments and employers have legal obligations to protect worker health. They are not relieved of these duties during pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32341946, "pmcid": "PMC7182522", "title": "Chaos game representation dataset of SARS-CoV-2 genome.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Barbosa, Raquel de M", "Fernandes, Marcelo A C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341946", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of April 16, 2020, the novel coronavirus disease (called COVID-19) spread to more than 185 countries/regions with more than 142,000 deaths and more than 2,000,000 confirmed cases. In the bioinformatics area, one of the crucial points is the analysis of the virus nucleotide sequences using approaches such as data stream, digital signal processing, and machine learning techniques and algorithms. However, to make feasible this approach, it is necessary to transform the nucleotide sequences string to numerical values representation. Thus, the dataset provides a chaos game representation (CGR) of SARS-CoV-2 virus nucleotide sequences. The dataset provides the CGR of 100 instances of SARS-CoV-2 virus, 11540 instances of other viruses from the Virus-Host DB dataset, and three instances of Riboviria viruses from NCBI (Betacoronavirus RaTG13, bat-SL-CoVZC45, and bat-SL-CoVZXC21)."}, {"pmid": 32175814, "pmcid": "PMC7233387", "title": "Radiology Department Preparedness for COVID-19: Radiology Scientific Expert Panel.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Mossa-Basha, Mahmud", "Meltzer, Carolyn C", "Kim, Danny C", "Tuite, Michael J", "Kolli, K Pallav", "Tan, Bien Soo"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32175814", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31943059, "pmcid": "PMC7107534", "title": "Pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan, China: potential for international spread via commercial air travel.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Bogoch, Isaac I", "Watts, Alexander", "Thomas-Bachli, Andrea", "Huber, Carmen", "Kraemer, Moritz U G", "Khan, Kamran"], "date": "2020-01-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31943059", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is currently an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan, China. Although there are still several unanswered questions about this infection, we evaluate the potential for international dissemination of this disease via commercial air travel should the outbreak continue."}, {"pmid": 32221306, "pmcid": "PMC7100515", "title": "Characterization of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 on virus entry and its immune cross-reactivity with SARS-CoV.", "journal": "Nat Commun", "authors": ["Ou, Xiuyuan", "Liu, Yan", "Lei, Xiaobo", "Li, Pei", "Mi, Dan", "Ren, Lili", "Guo, Li", "Guo, Ruixuan", "Chen, Ting", "Hu, Jiaxin", "Xiang, Zichun", "Mu, Zhixia", "Chen, Xing", "Chen, Jieyong", "Hu, Keping", "Jin, Qi", "Wang, Jianwei", "Qian, Zhaohui"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221306", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since 2002, beta coronaviruses (CoV) have caused three zoonotic outbreaks, SARS-CoV in 2002-2003, MERS-CoV in 2012, and the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019. However, little is currently known about the biology of SARS-CoV-2. Here, using SARS-CoV-2 S protein pseudovirus system, we confirm that human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) is the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, find that SARS-CoV-2 enters 293/hACE2 cells mainly through endocytosis, that PIKfyve, TPC2, and cathepsin L are critical for entry, and that SARS-CoV-2 S protein is less stable than SARS-CoV S. Polyclonal anti-SARS S1 antibodies T62 inhibit entry of SARS-CoV S but not SARS-CoV-2 S pseudovirions. Further studies using recovered SARS and COVID-19 patients' sera show limited cross-neutralization, suggesting that recovery from one infection might not protect against the other. Our results present potential targets for development of drugs and vaccines for SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32167533, "title": "What Does the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Mean for Families?", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Thompson, Lindsay A", "Rasmussen, Sonja A"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167533", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473949, "title": "Do no harm: reaffirming the value of evidence and equipoise while minimizing cognitive bias in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Ramnath, Venktesh R", "McSharry, David G", "Malhotra, Atul"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473949", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490832, "title": "Radiological approach to COVID-19 pneumonia: Attention should be paid to pulmonary embolism and radiation exposure.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Ufuk, Furkan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490832", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325742, "pmcid": "PMC7221944", "title": "Advances on Antiviral Activity of Morus spp. Plant Extracts: Human Coronavirus and Virus-Related Respiratory Tract Infections in the Spotlight.", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Thabti, Ines", "Albert, Quentin", "Philippot, Stephanie", "Dupire, Francois", "Westerhuis, Brenda", "Fontanay, Stephane", "Risler, Arnaud", "Kassab, Thomas", "Elfalleh, Walid", "Aferchichi, Ali", "Varbanov, Mihayl"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325742", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "(1) Background: Viral respiratory infections cause life-threatening diseases in millions of people worldwide every year. Human coronavirus and several picornaviruses are responsible for worldwide epidemic outbreaks, thus representing a heavy burden to their hosts. In the absence of specific treatments for human viral infections, natural products offer an alternative in terms of innovative drug therapies. (2) Methods: We analyzed the antiviral properties of the leaves and stem bark of the mulberry tree (Morus spp.). We compared the antiviral activity of Morus spp. on enveloped and nonenveloped viral pathogens, such as human coronavirus (HCoV 229E) and different members of the Picornaviridae family-human poliovirus 1, human parechovirus 1 and 3, and human echovirus 11. The antiviral activity of 12 water and water-alcohol plant extracts of the leaves and stem bark of three different species of mulberry-Morus alba var. alba, Morus alba var. rosa, and Morus rubra-were evaluated. We also evaluated the antiviral activities of kuwanon G against HCoV-229E. (3) Results: Our results showed that several extracts reduced the viral titer and cytopathogenic effects (CPE). Leaves' water-alcohol extracts exhibited maximum antiviral activity on human coronavirus, while stem bark and leaves' water and water-alcohol extracts were the most effective on picornaviruses. (4) Conclusions: The analysis of the antiviral activities of Morus spp. offer promising applications in antiviral strategies."}, {"pmid": 32335200, "pmcid": "PMC7179503", "title": "Is returning to work during the COVID-19 pandemic stressful? A study on immediate mental health status and psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures of Chinese workforce.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Tan, Wanqiu", "Hao, Fengyi", "McIntyre, Roger S", "Jiang, Li", "Jiang, Xiaojiang", "Zhang, Ling", "Zhao, Xinling", "Zou, Yiran", "Hu, Yirong", "Luo, Xi", "Zhang, Zhisong", "Lai, Andre", "Ho, Roger", "Tran, Bach", "Ho, Cyrus", "Tam, Wilson"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335200", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to quantify the immediate psychological effects and psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures of a workforce returning to work during the COVID-19 epidemic. Workforce returning to work was invited to complete an online questionnaire regarding their attitude toward the COVID-19 epidemic and return-to-work along with psychological parameters including the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale- 21 (DASS-21) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures include precautions at personal and organization levels. From 673 valid questionnaires, we found that 10.8% of respondents met the diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after returning to work. The respondents reported a low prevalence of anxiety (3.8%), depression (3.7%), stress (1.5%) and insomnia (2.3%). There were no significant differences in the severity of psychiatric symptoms between workers/technicians and executives/managers. >95% reported psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures including good ventilation in the workplace and wore a face mask as protective. Factors that were associated with the severity of psychiatric symptoms in the workforce were marital status, presence of physical symptom, poor physical health and viewing return to work as a health hazard (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). In contrast, personal psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures including hand hygiene and wearing face masks as well as organizational measures including significant improvement of workplace hygiene and concerns from the company were associated with less severe psychiatric symptoms (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). Contrary to expectations, returning to work had not caused a high level of psychiatric symptoms in the workforce. The low prevalence of psychiatric symptoms could be due to confidence instilled by psychoneuroimmunity prevention measures before the resumption of work. Our findings would provide information for other countries during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32512089, "title": "Corona virus versus existence of human on the earth: A computational and biophysical approach.", "journal": "Int J Biol Macromol", "authors": ["Zehra, Zainy", "Luthra, Manav", "Siddiqui, Sobia Manaal", "Shamsi, Anas", "Gaur, Naseem", "Islam, Asimul"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512089", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 has a positive sense RNA genome of 29.9\u202fkb in size, showing high sequence similarity to the BAT-CoV, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV. SARS-CoV-2 is composed of 14 open reading frames (ORFs), which encodes for a total of 27 proteins divided into structural and non-structural proteins (NSPs). The fundamental structural protein-encoding genes are a spike protein (S) gene, envelope protein (E) gene, a membrane protein (M) gene, and a nucleocapsid protein (N) gene. They make about 33% of the entire genome and are vital for the viral life cycle. Rest 67% is distributed among different NSPs (such as Mpro, helicase, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase) encoding genes across the ORFs, which are involved in virus-cell receptor interactions during viral entry. Researchers are trying to formulate vaccines, therapeutic antibodies or protein-targeted antiviral drugs to control the spread. This review proceeds stepwise through the COVID-19 outbreak, structural and genomic organization, entry mechanism, pathogenesis, and finally highlighting the essential proteins involved at each step that might be potential targets for drug discovery. Currently, approved treatment modalities consist of only supportive care and oxygen supplementation. This review is established on the current knowledge that has expanded on structural motifs and topology of proteins and their functions."}, {"pmid": 32468196, "pmcid": "PMC7255634", "title": "Remdesivir in Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Benefit-Risk Assessment.", "journal": "Drug Saf", "authors": ["Davies, Miranda", "Osborne, Vicki", "Lane, Samantha", "Roy, Debabrata", "Dhanda, Sandeep", "Evans, Alison", "Shakir, Saad"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468196", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a need to identify effective, safe treatments for COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) rapidly, given the current, ongoing pandemic. A systematic benefit-risk assessment was designed and conducted to examine the benefit-risk profile of remdesivir in COVID-19 patients compared with standard of care, placebo or other treatments. A key objective of this study was to provide a platform for a dynamic systematic benefit-risk evaluation, which starts with inevitably limited information (to meet the urgent unmet public health need worldwide), then update the benefit-risk evaluation as more data become available. The Benefit-Risk Action Team (BRAT) framework was used to assess the overall benefit-risk of the use of remdesivir as a treatment for COVID-19 compared with standard of care, placebo or other treatments. We searched PubMed, Google Scholar and government agency websites to identify literature reporting clinical outcomes in patients taking remdesivir for COVID-19. A value tree was constructed and key benefits and risks were ranked by two clinicians in order of considered importance. Using the BRAT method, several key benefits and risks for use of remdesivir in COVID-19 compared with placebo have been identified. In one trial, the benefit of time to clinical improvement was not statistically significant (21 vs 23\u00a0days, HR 1.23, 95% CI 0.87-1.75), although the study was underpowered. In another trial, a shorter time to recovery in patients treated with remdesivir was observed (11 vs 15\u00a0days), with non-significant reduced mortality risk (8% vs 12%). Risk data were only available from one trial. This trial reported fewer serious adverse events in patients taking remdesivir (18%) compared with the placebo group (26%); however, more patients in the remdesivir group discontinued treatment as a result of an adverse event compared with those patients receiving placebo (12% vs 5%). Preliminary clinical trial results suggest that there may be a favourable benefit-risk profile for remdesivir compared with placebo in severe COVID-19 infection and further data on benefits would strengthen this evaluation. There is limited safety data for remdesivir, which should be obtained in further studies. The current framework summarises the key anticipated benefits and risks for which further data are needed. Ongoing clinical trial data can be incorporated into the framework when available to provide an updated benefit-risk assessment."}, {"pmid": 32415879, "title": "Will Community Health Centers Survive COVID-19?", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Wright, Brad", "Fraher, Erin", "Holder, Marni Gwyther", "Akiyama, Jill", "Toomey, Brian"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415879", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474145, "pmcid": "PMC7256515", "title": "COVID-19-RELATED AORTIC THROMBOSIS: A REPORT OF FOUR CASES.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Gomez-Arbelaez, Diego", "Ibarra-Sanchez, Gabriela", "Garcia-Gutierrez, Ania", "Comanges-Yeboles, Alejandra", "Ansuategui-Vicente, Marina", "Gonzalez-Fajardo, Jose Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474145", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 may predispose patients to an increased risk of thrombotic complications through various pathophysiological mechanisms. Most of the reports on a high incidence of thrombotic complications are in relation to deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, while the evidence about arterial thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 is limited. We describe four cases of aortic thrombosis and associated ischemic complications in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32425652, "pmcid": "PMC7229443", "title": "COVID-19: the wrong target for healthcare liability claims.", "journal": "Leg Med (Tokyo)", "authors": ["Parisi, Saverio G", "Viel, Guido", "Cecchi, Rossana", "Montisci, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425652", "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32479829, "pmcid": "PMC7259900", "title": "Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet", "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479829", "countries": ["Ireland", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74\u00b70%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24\u00b78%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26\u00b71%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23\u00b78% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51\u00b72%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38\u00b70% (219 of 577), accounting for 82\u00b76% (219 of 265) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1\u00b775 [95% CI 1\u00b728-2\u00b740], p<0\u00b70001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2\u00b730 [1\u00b765-3\u00b722], p<0\u00b70001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3-5 versus grades 1-2 (2\u00b735 [1\u00b757-3\u00b753], p<0\u00b70001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1\u00b755 [1\u00b701-2\u00b739], p=0\u00b7046), emergency versus elective surgery (1\u00b767 [1\u00b706-2\u00b763], p=0\u00b7026), and major versus minor surgery (1\u00b752 [1\u00b701-2\u00b731], p=0\u00b7047). Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research."}, {"pmid": 32345336, "pmcid": "PMC7187670", "title": "Shining a light on the evidence for hydroxychloroquine in SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Ingraham, Nicholas E", "Boulware, David", "Sparks, Matthew A", "Schacker, Timothy", "Benson, Bradley", "Sparks, Jeffrey A", "Murray, Thomas", "Connett, John", "Chipman, Jeffrey G", "Charles, Anthony", "Tignanelli, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345336", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320809, "pmcid": "PMC7167222", "title": "Changes in testing rates could mask the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) growth rate.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Omori, Ryosuke", "Mizumoto, Kenji", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320809", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in December 2019 in China, it has rapidly spread around the world, leading to one of the most significant pandemic events of recent history. Deriving reliable estimates of the COVID-19 epidemic growth rate is quite important to guide the timing and intensity of intervention strategies. Indeed, many studies have quantified the epidemic growth rate using time-series of reported cases during the early phase of the outbreak to estimate the basic reproduction number, R0. Using daily time series of COVID-19 incidence, we illustrate how epidemic curves of reported cases may not always reflect the true epidemic growth rate due to changes in testing rates, which could be influenced by limited diagnostic testing capacity during the early epidemic phase."}, {"pmid": 32426559, "pmcid": "PMC7229940", "title": "News coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic: Missed opportunities to promote health sustaining behaviors.", "journal": "Infect Dis Health", "authors": ["Basch, Corey H", "Hillyer, Grace Clarke", "Erwin, Zoe Meleo-", "Mohlma, Jan", "Cosgrove, Alison", "Quinones, Nasia"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426559", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given that individuals may make health decisions based on mass media coverage, and given that such decisions have broad consequences in the case of highly contagious infectious disease, it is imperative that public health practitioners are aware of mass media coverage on emerging health threats such as COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to examine the content of news segments covering COVID-19 posted on-line. Using the Google Videos function on a cleared browser, all videos identified from January and February, 2020 were archived by URL for analysis. After applying exclusion criteria, a total of 401 remained, comprising the sample. Content categories derived from trusted sources were applied to assess the content of broadcast news segments pertaining to COVID-19 on Google Videos. The most common topic mentioned across all videos was death and the death rate (43.6%) and many connoted anxieties surrounding the COVID-19 outbreak (37.4%). Critically important information about the prevention of COVID-19 spread received little attention. For example, only 3.0% of videos discussed coughing into or blowing one's nose into a tissue and throwing the tissue away, 6.2% talked about wearing a facemask when caring for the ill, and 8.8% covered disinfecting highly touched objects and surfaces. International videos more often presented captions and English subtitles (with and without narration) (7.8% vs. 0.9%, p\u00a0=\u00a00.018) and even more frequently discussed death and the death rate associated with COVID-19 (56.9% vs. 41.7%, p\u00a0=\u00a00.04). Coupled with the resultant increase in negative emotion, the majority of video messages missed an opportunity to reframe messages to encourage/promote coping strategies and health sustaining behaviors."}, {"pmid": 32420928, "title": "Stand by me 2.0. Visits by family members at Covid-19 time.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Carlucci, Matilde", "Carpagnano, Lucia Federica", "Dalfino, Lidia", "Grasso, Salvatore", "Migliore, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420928", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the complex health emergency situation of our country, the application of Information Technology tools has a decisive role in supporting health insurance, creating a highly performing and technologically advanced system that reduce distances, suffering of disease and the weight of necessary isolation. The theme of the humanization of care, understood as attention to the person as a whole, is a highly topical issue today. The humanization in the healthcare is intended as the ability to make the places of care and the same medical care practices more open, safer and painless, reconciling hospitality, information and comfort with care paths as much as possible in sharing with the patient and his family. Pursuing the purposes inherent in the concept of humanization of care and assistance, with the aim of offering Apulian citizens a complementary, but also fundamental, service in clinical-therapeutic assistance to the patient affected by COVID-19, in the hope of improving the quality of care, also in relation to the perception of the user, the Strategic Management of the AOU Policlinico of Bari has launched an experimental project that fits into the context of care quality, a crucial and not negligible issue, despite the extreme difficulties dictated by the ongoing medical emergency. The experimental project proposes an innovative clinical-organizational model which, through Information and Communications Technology (ICT), intends to make the management of COVID-19 patients optimal, safe and better, in all the spheres that jointly define the concept of Health."}, {"pmid": 32144116, "pmcid": "PMC7164386", "title": "The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Chinazzi, Matteo", "Davis, Jessica T", "Ajelli, Marco", "Gioannini, Corrado", "Litvinova, Maria", "Merler, Stefano", "Pastore Y Piontti, Ana", "Mu, Kunpeng", "Rossi, Luca", "Sun, Kaiyuan", "Viboud, Cecile", "Xiong, Xinyue", "Yu, Hongjie", "Halloran, M Elizabeth", "Longini, Ira M Jr", "Vespignani, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32144116", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Motivated by the rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in mainland China, we use a global metapopulation disease transmission model to project the impact of travel limitations on the national and international spread of the epidemic. The model is calibrated on the basis of internationally reported cases and shows that, at the start of the travel ban from Wuhan on 23 January 2020, most Chinese cities had already received many infected travelers. The travel quarantine of Wuhan delayed the overall epidemic progression by only 3 to 5 days in mainland China but had a more marked effect on the international scale, where case importations were reduced by nearly 80% until mid-February. Modeling results also indicate that sustained 90% travel restrictions to and from mainland China only modestly affect the epidemic trajectory unless combined with a 50% or higher reduction of transmission in the community."}, {"pmid": 32281885, "pmcid": "PMC7258630", "title": "Basing Respiratory Management of COVID-19 on Physiological Principles.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Tobin, Martin J"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281885", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532983, "title": "Advice from a systems-biology model of the corona epidemics.", "journal": "NPJ Syst Biol Appl", "authors": ["Westerhoff, Hans V", "Kolodkin, Alexey N"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532983", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Using standard systems biology methodologies a 14-compartment dynamic model was developed for the Corona virus epidemic. The model predicts that: (i) it will be impossible to limit lockdown intensity such that sufficient herd immunity develops for this epidemic to die down, (ii) the death toll from the SARS-CoV-2 virus decreases very strongly with increasing intensity of the lockdown, but (iii) the duration of the epidemic increases at first with that intensity and then decreases again, such that (iv) it may be best to begin with selecting a lockdown intensity beyond the intensity that leads to the maximum duration, (v) an intermittent lockdown strategy should also work and might be more acceptable socially and economically, (vi) an initially intensive but adaptive lockdown strategy should be most efficient, both in terms of its low number of casualties and shorter duration, (vii) such an adaptive lockdown strategy offers the advantage of being robust to unexpected imports of the virus, e.g. due to international travel, (viii) the eradication strategy may still be superior as it leads to even fewer deaths and a shorter period of economic downturn, but should have the adaptive strategy as backup in case of unexpected infection imports, (ix) earlier detection of infections is the most effective way in which the epidemic can be controlled, whilst waiting for vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32319756, "pmcid": "PMC7179740", "title": "Letter to the Editor Regarding: \"An Imperative Need for Research on the Role of Environmental Factors in Transmission of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)\" -Secondhand and Thirdhand Smoke As Potential Sources of COVID-19.", "journal": "Environ Sci Technol", "authors": ["Mahabee-Gittens, E Melinda", "Merianos, Ashley L", "Matt, Georg E"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319756", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403155, "pmcid": "PMC7272818", "title": "Vox Sanguinis International Forum on Hospital Transfusion Services' Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Lozano, Miquel", "Yazer, Mark", "Jackson, Bryon", "Pagano, Monica", "Rahimi-Levene, Naomi", "Peer, Victoria", "Bueno, Jose", "Jackson, Ryan", "Shan, Hua", "Amorim, Luiz", "Lopez, Maria Esther", "Boquimpani, Carla", "Sprogoe, Ulrik", "Bruun, Mie", "Titlestad, Kjell", "Rushford, Kylie", "Wood, Erica", "McQuilten, Zoe", "de Angelis, Vincenzo", "Delle Donne, Michela", "Murphy, Mike", "Staves, Julie", "Cho, Duck", "Nakamura, Fumihiko", "Hangaishi, Akira", "Callum, Jeannie", "Lin, Yulia", "Moghaddam, Mostafa", "Gharehbaghian, Ahmad"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403155", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Question 1 Demographics: a. Beer Yaakov, Israel. b. Large academic medical center. c. 956 beds. d. 9034 RBC units issued in 2019, approximately 9000. e. 4831 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases and 17 deaths (March 31, 2020, 12:40 pm, data from the Israeli Ministry of Health). f. 9,136,000 inhabitants. g. The spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Israel is still increasing, but as of yesterday the rate of increase is declining sharply (from almost 30% of samples tested per day at the peak to 12% yesterday)."}, {"pmid": 32416770, "pmcid": "PMC7255255", "title": "COVID-19 in patients with HIV - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet HIV", "authors": ["Miro, Jose M", "Ambrosioni, Juan", "Blanco, Jose L"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416770", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468201, "title": "Challenges and response in the medical management of the orthopaedic department during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: strategies in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Wu, Wei", "Xiong, Wei", "Kang, Honglei", "Guo, Qian", "Fang, Zhong", "Li, Feng"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468201", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, COVID-19 has rapidly spread around the globe, there are already many nosocomial infections in medical staff. The purpose of this study is to provide some medical management experience from the orthopaedics department of Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China, to provide reference for orthopaedists. This study is a summary of the orthopaedic medical management of Tongji Hospital. It systematically summarized the Chinese experience including orthopaedic outpatient and emergency department management, and orthopaedic surgery and preventive management during the pandemic. We described some challenges in the orthopaedic department during the epidemic and formulated a set of medical management procedures to find an balance between effective treatment and infection prevention. These experiences and strategies could help orthopedists to work safely and effectively, and prevent nosocomial infections during the global pandemic of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32490743, "title": "Is Covid-19 sowing the seeds for future litigation?", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Riley-Smith Qc, Toby", "Heppinstall, Adam", "Foster, Freya"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490743", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We consider various types of litigation that may follow the Covid-19 pandemic, including: claims against National Health Service (NHS) Trusts by patients who have contracted the coronavirus (or by their bereaved families), claims by NHS staff against their employer for a failure to provide any or adequate personal protective equipment or testing, commercial claims arising from the procurement of medical supplies, the potential liabilities to those who suffer adverse reactions to any vaccine and the guidance issued by the regulators in relation to subsequent disciplinary action."}, {"pmid": 32247518, "pmcid": "PMC7270810", "title": "COVID-19 and Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine: is there Ophthalmological Concern?", "journal": "Am J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Marmor, Michael F"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247518", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522413, "title": "Managing Psoriasis Consultations During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations from the Psoriasis Group of the Spanish Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (AEDV).", "journal": "Actas Dermosifiliogr", "authors": ["Belinchon, I", "Puig, L", "Ferrandiz, L", "De La Cueva, P", "Carrascosa, J M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522413", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425950, "pmcid": "PMC7205903", "title": "Reduction and Functional Exhaustion of T Cells in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Front Immunol", "authors": ["Diao, Bo", "Wang, Chenhui", "Tan, Yingjun", "Chen, Xiewan", "Liu, Ying", "Ning, Lifen", "Chen, Li", "Li, Min", "Liu, Yueping", "Wang, Gang", "Yuan, Zilin", "Feng, Zeqing", "Zhang, Yi", "Wu, Yuzhang", "Chen, Yongwen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425950", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has posed great threat to human health. T cells play a critical role in antiviral immunity but their numbers and functional state in COVID-19 patients remain largely unclear. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the counts of T cells and serum cytokine concentration from data of 522 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and 40 healthy controls. In addition, the expression of T cell exhaustion markers were measured in 14 COVID-19 cases. Results: The number of total T cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were dramatically reduced in COVID-19 patients, especially in patients requiring Intensive Care Unit (ICU) care. Counts of total T cells, CD8+ T cells or CD4+ T cells lower than 800, 300, or 400/\u03bcL, respectively, were negatively correlated with patient survival. T cell numbers were negatively correlated to serum IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-\u03b1 concentration, with patients in the disease resolution period showing reduced IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-\u03b1 concentrations and restored T cell counts. T cells from COVID-19 patients had significantly higher levels of the exhausted marker PD-1. Increasing PD-1 and Tim-3 expression on T cells was seen as patients progressed from prodromal to overtly symptomatic stages. Conclusions: T cell counts are reduced significantly in COVID-19 patients, and the surviving T cells appear functionally exhausted. Non-ICU patients with total T cells counts lower than 800/\u03bcL may still require urgent intervention, even in the immediate absence of more severe symptoms due to a high risk for further deterioration in condition."}, {"pmid": 32429676, "title": "Controlling the COVID-19 Pandemic in Vietnam: Lessons From a Limited Resource Country.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Public Health", "authors": ["Duong, Duc Minh", "Le, Vui Thi", "Ha, Bui Thi Thu"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429676", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lessons learned from Vietnam, a country that the world acclaimed for its management of the fight against COVID-19, could stand out as an example of how to do more with less. The Vietnamese government has acted swiftly at the very early stage of the pandemic with a focus on containment efforts and extensive public health measures, particularly (1) the commitment from the government with a multisectoral approach; (2) a timely, accurate, and transparent risk communication; (3) active surveillance and intensive isolation/quarantine operation, case management with tracing all new arrivals and close contact up to 3 clusters; and (4) suspension of flights, shutting schools, and all nonessential services."}, {"pmid": 32299202, "title": "COVID-19, immune system response, hyperinflammation and repurposing antirheumatic drugs", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Tufan, Abdurrahman", "Avanoglu Guler, Aslihan", "Matucci-Cerinic, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299202", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the Wuhan Province of China, in December 2019, the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a severe involvement of the lower respiratory tract leading to an acute respiratory syndrome. Subsequently, coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) provoked a pandemic which is considered a life-threatening disease. The SARS-CoV-2, a family member of betacoronaviruses, possesses single-stranded positive-sense RNA with typical structural proteins, involving the envelope, membrane, nucleocapsid and spike proteins that are responsible for the viral infectivity, and nonstructural proteins. The effectual host immune response including innate and adaptive immunity against SARS-Cov-2 seems crucial to control and resolve the viral infection. However, the severity and outcome of the COVID-19 might be associated with the excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines \u201ccytokine storm\u201d leading to an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Regretfully, the exact pathophysiology and treatment, especially for the severe COVID-19, is still uncertain. The results of preliminary studies have shown that immune-modulatory or immune-suppressive treatments such as hydroxychloroquine, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 antagonists, commonly used in rheumatology, might be considered as treatment choices for COVID-19, particularly in severe disease. In this review, to gain better information about appropriate anti-inflammatory treatments, mostly used in rheumatology for COVID-19, we have focused the attention on the structural features of SARS-CoV-2, the host immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and its association with the cytokine storm."}, {"pmid": 32428864, "pmcid": "PMC7214324", "title": "Angiotensin converting enzyme-2 as therapeutic target in COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Roshanravan, Neda", "Ghaffari, Samad", "Hedayati, Mehdi"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428864", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health emergency that poses a significant threat to world people's health. This outbreak causes major challenges to healthcare systems. Given the lack of effective treatments or vaccine for it, the identification of novel and safe drugs against COVID-19 infection is an urgent need. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is not only an entry receptor of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the virus that causes COVID-19, but also can protect from lung injury. In this view, we highlighted potential approaches to address ACE2-mediated SARS-CoV-2 virus, including 1) delivering an excessive soluble form of ACE2 (recombinant human ACE2: rhACE2) and 2) inhibition of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 virus and ACE2 by some compounds with competitive effects (morphine and codeine). Further clinical trials in this regard can reveal a more definite conclusion against the COVID-19 disaster."}, {"pmid": 32530469, "title": "Assessment of Sensitivity and Specificity of Patient-Collected Lower Nasal Specimens for Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Testing.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Altamirano, Jonathan", "Govindarajan, Prasanthi", "Blomkalns, Andra L", "Kushner, Lauren E", "Stevens, Bryan Andrew", "Pinsky, Benjamin A", "Maldonado, Yvonne"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530469", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327293, "pmcid": "PMC7158763", "title": "Oleoylethanolamide, A Bioactive Lipid Amide, as A Promising Treatment Strategy for Coronavirus/COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Ghaffari, Samad", "Roshanravan, Neda", "Tutunchi, Helda", "Ostadrahimi, Alireza", "Pouraghaei, Mahboub", "Kafil, Behnam"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327293", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of COVID-19 (coronavirus) has been identified by World Health Organization (WHO) as a global pandemic. With the emergence of the COVID-19 virus and considering the lack of effective pharmaceutical treatment for it, there is an urgent need to identify safe and effective drugs or potential adjuvant therapy in this regard. Bioactive lipids with an array of known health-promoting properties can be suggested as effective agents in alleviating acute respiratory stress induced by virus. The bioactive lipid amide, oleoylethanolamide (OEA), due to several distinctive homeostatic properties, including anti-inflammatory activities, modulation of immune response, and anti-oxidant effects can be considered as a novel potential pharmacological alternative for the management of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32283316, "pmcid": "PMC7151422", "title": "Early Appearance of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Associated Pulmonary Infiltrates During Daily Radiotherapy Imaging for Lung Cancer.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Suppli, Morten Hiul", "Riisgaard de Blanck, Steen", "Elgaard, Tenna", "Josipovic, Mirjana", "Pohl, Mette"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283316", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405269, "pmcid": "PMC7217787", "title": "Targeting T-cell senescence and cytokine storm with rapamycin to prevent severe progression in COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Omarjee, Loukman", "Janin, Anne", "Perrot, Frederique", "Laviolle, Bruno", "Meilhac, Olivier", "Mahe, Guillaume"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405269", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417123, "pmcid": "PMC7194513", "title": "Convalescent plasma, an apheresis research project targeting and motivating the fully recovered COVID 19 patients: A rousing message of clinical benefit to both donors and recipients alike.", "journal": "Transfus Apher Sci", "authors": ["Seghatchian, J", "Lanza, F"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417123", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This concise manuscript aims to make suggestions for a small step forward in both preventative and therapeutic measures against the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) pandemic. This targeted strategy consists of using fully recovered COVID 19 Heroes, that is, brave volunteers, as the source of antibodies in plasma collected by plasmapheresis or affinity column- derived antibodies, both are sterilised and pathogen inactivated for substitution therapy for use in those populations in need of antibody. This include for use in critically ill COVID 19 patients and as a preventative measure, in those at potential risk of infection as no vaccine is yet available. This would be a small step forward, while we are waiting to produce an effective, validated vaccine and witnessing increasing demands for testing and self-isolation which are the two most effective current strategies. In line with this concept, some methodological aspects of the use of the UVC sterilization of FFP/ cryoprecipitate-depleted FFP or immunoglobulins containing neutralizing antibodies for clinical use against COVID-19 are highlighted. The plasmapheresis procedure is, of course, particularly targeted to male donors, who consist of about 75 % of the COVID-19 population and who are able to undergo multiple double, or even triple plasmapheresis procedures. Moreover, as some of these donors have already been in an induced-hypercoagulable state and prone to thrombosis and DVT, this strategy will be partially aimed at improving their health with the use of citrate based anticoagulants and removal of high molecular weight viscous components which contribute to the untoward clinical effects of DVT. Repeated targeted plasmapheresis or plasma exchange of selected COVID-19 positive individuals would undoubtedly lower their state of hypercoagulability and normalize their hypercoagulability. The recipients of such a derived FFP-product would benefit from the two to 3 doses of viral inactivated antibodies, which could neutralize the viral antigens even at very low concentration if present in the early stage. So, this practice would be a double-edged sword with benefits for both donors and recipients."}, {"pmid": 32330482, "pmcid": "PMC7172803", "title": "Ivermectin and COVID-19: A report in Antiviral Research, widespread interest, an FDA warning, two letters to the editor and the authors' responses.", "journal": "Antiviral Res", "authors": ["Bray, Mike", "Rayner, Craig", "Noel, Francois", "Jans, David", "Wagstaff, Kylie"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330482", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312064, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): two case reports from a family cluster.", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "authors": ["Tang, Lei", "Ye, Zheng", "Huang, Zixing", "Zeng, Xianchun", "Wang, Tao", "Xu, Rui", "Wang, Rongpin", "Song, Bin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312064", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease, firstly appeared in Wuhan city and has rapidly spread to 114 countries outside China, which is receiving worldwide attention. As two important means of examination, computed tomography (CT) and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) have always been controversial in the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia. Here, we report a family cluster case of a father and a son diagnosed as COVID-19 at our hospital, and described the clinical manifestations, laboratory results, CT changes, diagnosis and treatment strategy of these two patients. Focus on the value of these two methods in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, as well as their respective deficiencies. For patient 1 (father), the efficacy of RT-PCR is not satisfactory either in terms of diagnosis or follow-up, which may cause misdiagnosis and delay treatment. For patient 2 (son), the clinical symptoms were not obvious, but CT imaging clearly displayed dynamic changes of the lung lesions. Meanwhile, the two patients respectively underwent five chest CT examinations during their hospitalization and discharge follow-up, showing the potential harm of radiation. Therefore, in clinical work, doctors should make full use of the advantages of CT and RT-PCR, and take other measures to make up for their disadvantages."}, {"pmid": 32496583, "title": "Chilblain-like lesions during the COVID-19 pandemic: should we really worry?", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Piccolo, Vincenzo", "Neri, Iria", "Manunza, Francesca", "Mazzatenta, Carlo", "Bassi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496583", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341628, "pmcid": "PMC7184012", "title": "Mathematical Modeling of COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics with a Case Study of Wuhan.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Ndairou, Faical", "Area, Ivan", "Nieto, Juan J", "Torres, Delfim F M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341628", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We propose a compartmental mathematical model for the spread of the COVID-19 disease with special focus on the transmissibility of super-spreaders individuals. We compute the basic reproduction number threshold, we study the local stability of the disease free equilibrium in terms of the basic reproduction number, and we investigate the sensitivity of the model with respect to the variation of each one of its parameters. Numerical simulations show the suitability of the proposed COVID-19 model for the outbreak that occurred in Wuhan, China."}, {"pmid": 32368483, "pmcid": "PMC7196542", "title": "A case of improved oxygenation in SARS-CoV-2 positive patient on nasal cannula undergoing prone positioning.", "journal": "Respir Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Elkattawy, Sherif", "Noori, Muhammad"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368483", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. It has placed societal and financial burden on the globe. Its rapid progressions from mild URI symptoms to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in a matter of days is the underlying reason as to why the world is struggling to keep up with ventilator production. In this case report, we went about proning a corona virus positive patient for 6-8hrs as a potential early intervention to prevent progression to ARDS. Our patient was initially in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and placed on nasal cannula. He was started on hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin with no improvement of symptoms. However within the span of few hours of proning he experienced significant symptomatic relief with improvement of oxygenation. His oxygen saturation improved drastically and eventually was taken off of nasal cannula and discharged within span of one day of proning."}, {"pmid": 32461328, "title": "Getting to the heart of the matter of COVID-19.", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Newby, David E", "Rahimi, Kazem"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461328", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295479, "pmcid": "PMC7196925", "title": "Reverse vaccinology approach to design a novel multi-epitope vaccine candidate against COVID-19: an in silico study.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Enayatkhani, Maryam", "Hasaniazad, Mehdi", "Faezi, Sobhan", "Guklani, Hamed", "Davoodian, Parivash", "Ahmadi, Nahid", "Einakian, Mohammad Ali", "Karmostaji, Afsaneh", "Ahmadi, Khadijeh"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295479", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV, the causative agent of COVID-19) has caused worldwide social and economic disruption. The disturbing statistics of this infection promoted us to develop an effective vaccine candidate against the COVID-19. In this study, bioinformatics approaches were employed to design and introduce a novel multi-epitope vaccine against 2019-nCoV that can potentially trigger both CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immune responses and investigated its biological activities by computational tools. Three known antigenic proteins (Nucleocapsid, ORF3a, and Membrane protein, hereafter called NOM) from the virus were selected and analyzed for prediction of the potential immunogenic B and T-cell epitopes and then validated using bioinformatics tools. Based on in silico analysis, we have constructed a multi-epitope vaccine candidate (NOM) with five rich-epitopes domain including highly scored T and B-cell epitopes. After predicting and evaluating of the third structure of the protein candidate, the best 3\u2009D predicted model was applied for docking studies with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and HLA-A*11:01. In the next step, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to evaluate the stability of the designed fusion protein with TLR4 and HLA-A*11:01 receptors. MD studies demonstrated that the NOM-TLR4 and NOM-HLA-A*11:01 docked models were stable during simulation time. In silico evaluation showed that the designed chimeric protein could simultaneously elicit humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32414393, "pmcid": "PMC7228670", "title": "Angiotensin II infusion in COVID-19-associated vasodilatory shock: a case series.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Zangrillo, Alberto", "Landoni, Giovanni", "Beretta, Luigi", "Morselli, Federica", "Serpa Neto, Ary", "Bellomo, Rinaldo"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414393", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404341, "title": "Response to: 'Patients with lupus are not protected from COVID-19: a comment' by Sawalha, 'No evidence so far on the protective effect of hydroxycloroquin to prevent COVID-19: response to the Comment by Joob and Wiwanitkit' by Romao et al and 'SLE patients are not immune to COVID-19: importance of sending the right message across' by Goyal.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404341", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447127, "pmcid": "PMC7255119", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic, infodemic and the role of eHealth literacy.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Stud", "authors": ["Chong, Yuen Yu", "Cheng, Ho Yu", "Chan, Helen Yue Lai", "Chien, Wai Tong", "Wong, Samuel Yeung Shan"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447127", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404674, "pmcid": "PMC7268856", "title": "Operationalizing the Operating Room: Ensuring Appropriate Surgical Care in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Wick, Elizabeth C", "Pierce, Logan", "Conte, Michael C", "Sosa, Julie Ann"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404674", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431961, "pmcid": "PMC7226706", "title": "Global Ranking of COVID-19-Related Mortality by Country using a Novel Pandemic Efficiency Index (PEI).", "journal": "Int J MCH AIDS", "authors": ["Salihu, Hamisu M", "Dongarwar, Deepa", "Aliyu, Muktar H", "Azuine, Romuladus E"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431961", "countries": ["Germany", "Italy", "France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently witnessing a dramatic disruption of everyday life owing to the rapid progression of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. As the pandemic evolves, there is an urgent need to better understand its epidemiology, characterize its potential impact, and identify mitigatory strategies to avert pandemic-related mortality. There is a need for a tool or algorithm to evaluate the extent to which public health policy and/or economic preparedness measures are effectively averting COVID-19 related mortality. We present a simple and yet practical epidemiological tool, the Pandemic Efficiency Index (PEI), that can be utilized globally to test the relative efficiency of measures put in place to avert death resulting from COVID-19 infection. Using the PEI and current COVID-19-related mortality, we determined that so far Germany demonstrates the highest PEI (5.1) among countries with more than 5,000 recorded cases of the infection, indicating high quality measures instituted by the country to avert death during the pandemic. Italy and France currently have the lowest COVID-19-related PEIs. Epidemics and pandemics come and go, but local, national, and global abilities to determine the efficiency of their efforts in averting deaths is critical."}, {"pmid": 32437022, "title": "Olfactory and gustatory function impairment in COVID-19 patients: Italian objective multicenter-study.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Vaira, Luigi Angelo", "Hopkins, Claire", "Salzano, Giovanni", "Petrocelli, Marzia", "Melis, Andrea", "Cucurullo, Marco", "Ferrari, Mario", "Gagliardini, Laura", "Pipolo, Carlotta", "Deiana, Giovanna", "Fiore, Vito", "De Vito, Andrea", "Turra, Nicola", "Canu, Sara", "Maglio, Angelantonio", "Serra, Antonello", "Bussu, Francesco", "Madeddu, Giordano", "Babudieri, Sergio", "Giuseppe Fois, Alessandro", "Pirina, Pietro", "Salzano, Francesco A", "De Riu, Pierluigi", "Biglioli, Federico", "De Riu, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437022", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective data on chemosensitive disorders during COVID-19 are lacking in the Literature. Multicenter cohort study that involved four Italian hospitals. Three hundred and forty-five COVID-19 patients underwent objective chemosensitive evaluation. Chemosensitive disorders self-reported by 256 patients (74.2%) but the 30.1% of the 89 patients who did not report dysfunctions proved objectively hyposmic. Twenty-five percentage of patients were seen serious long-lasting complaints. All asymptomatic patients had a slight lowering of the olfactory threshold. No significant correlations were found between the presence and severity of chemosensitive disorders and the severity of the clinical course. On the contrary, there is a significant correlation between the duration of the olfactory and gustatory symptoms and the development of severe COVID-19. Patients under-report the frequency of chemosensitive disorders. Contrary to recent reports, such objective testing refutes the proposal that the presence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction may predict a milder course, but instead suggests that those with more severe disease neglect such symptoms in the setting of severe respiratory disease."}, {"pmid": 32479787, "pmcid": "PMC7259917", "title": "Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Yang, Kunyu", "Sheng, Yuhan", "Huang, Chaolin", "Jin, Yang", "Xiong, Nian", "Jiang, Ke", "Lu, Hongda", "Liu, Jing", "Yang, Jiyuan", "Dong, Youhong", "Pan, Dongfeng", "Shu, Chengrong", "Li, Jun", "Wei, Jielin", "Huang, Yu", "Peng, Ling", "Wu, Mengjiao", "Zhang, Ruiguang", "Wu, Bian", "Li, Yuhui", "Cai, Liqiong", "Li, Guiling", "Zhang, Tao", "Wu, Gang"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479787", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with cancer are a high-risk population in the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to describe clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with cancer and COVID-19, and examined risk factors for mortality in this population. We did a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study of 205 patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and with a pathological diagnosis of a malignant tumour in nine hospitals within Hubei, China, from Jan 13 to March 18, 2020. All patients were either discharged from hospitals or had died by April 20, 2020. Clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and cancer histories were compared between survivors and non-survivors by use of \u03c72 test. Risk factors for mortality were identified by univariable and multivariable logistic regression models. Between Jan 13 and Mar 18, 2020, 205 patients with cancer and laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled (median age 63 years [IQR 56-70; range 14-96]; 109 [53%] women). 183 (89%) had solid tumours and 22 (11%) had haematological malignancies. The median duration of follow-up was 68 days (IQR 59-78). The most common solid tumour types were breast (40 [20%] patients), colorectal (28 [14%]), and lung cancer (24 [12%]). 54 (30%) of 182 patients received antitumour therapies within 4 weeks before symptom onset. 30 (15%) of 205 patients were transferred to an intensive care unit and 40 (20%) died during hospital admission. Patients with haematological malignancies had poorer prognoses than did those with solid tumours: nine (41%) of 22 patients with haematological malignancies died versus 31 (17%) of 183 patients with solid tumours (hazard ratio for death 3\u00b728 [95% CI 1\u00b756-6\u00b791]; log rank p=0\u00b70009). Multivariable regression analysis showed that receiving chemotherapy within 4 weeks before symptom onset (odds ratio [OR] 3\u00b751 [95% CI 1\u00b716-10\u00b759]; p=0\u00b7026) and male sex (OR 3\u00b786 [95% CI 1\u00b757-9\u00b750]; p=0\u00b70033) were risk factors for death during admission to hospital. Patients with cancer and COVID-19 who were admitted to hospital had a high case-fatality rate. Unfavourable prognostic factors, including receiving chemotherapy within 4 weeks before symptom onset and male sex, might help clinicians to identify patients at high risk of fatal outcomes. National Natural Science Foundation of China."}, {"pmid": 32366511, "title": "Developing a vaccine for covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Caddy, Sarah"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366511", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442686, "pmcid": "PMC7236706", "title": "An invited commentary on \"Liu Z, Ding Z, Guan X, Zhag Y, Wang X, Khan JS. Optimizing response in surgical systems during and after COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons from China and the UK - Perspective. Int J Surg 2020 May 4;78:156-159.''.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Shanker, Aaron", "Siddiqui, Tariq", "Bashashati, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442686", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330309, "pmcid": "PMC7264508", "title": "Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected case with viral detection positive in stool but negative in nasopharyngeal samples lasts for 42 days.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Jiang, Xuejun", "Luo, Mei", "Zou, Zhen", "Wang, Xu", "Chen, Chengzhi", "Qiu, Jingfu"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330309", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313282, "pmcid": "PMC7159014", "title": "Navigating the Unchartered Waters in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Pharm Educ", "authors": ["Brazeau, Gayle", "Romanelli, Frank"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313282", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399798, "pmcid": "PMC7215127", "title": "Confronting Another Pandemic: Lessons from HIV can Inform Our COVID-19 Response.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Edelman, E Jennifer", "Aoun-Barakat, Lydia", "Villanueva, Merceditas", "Friedland, Gerald"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399798", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2019 illness (COVID-19) has completely transformed and uprooted lives across the globe. While different diseases, there are critical observations and lessons to be learned from the ongoing HIV epidemic to inform our response to COVID-19. We reflect on how this relates to (1) testing, including contact tracing; (2) health system redesign; (3) telehealth; (4) health disparities; (5) political denial, with inadequate and uncoordinated governmental response; (6) occupational exposure; and (7) complex reactions among healthcare providers. Decades of experiences with HIV provide an important framework for moving forward as we combat COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32350543, "pmcid": "PMC7189831", "title": "[COVID-19 pandemic: structured expansion of ventilation capacities using home respirators].", "journal": "Anaesthesist", "authors": ["Summ, O", "Schute, J", "Byhahn, C", "Kahle, T", "Herrmann, M", "Schulte, C", "Bergold, M N", "Gross, M"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350543", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the current COVID-19 pandemic there is a\u00a0need for a\u00a0rapid increase in intensive care and ventilation capacities. Delivery times for additional intensive care respirators are currently not foreseeable. An option to increase ventilation capacities not only for COVID-19, but for all patients requiring mechanical ventilation is to use home respirators. Home respirators are turbine respirators, so they can usually be operated without high-pressure oxygen connections and can therefore also be used in areas outside the classical intensive care medical infrastructure. Due to their limited technical features, home respirators are not suitable for the treatment of severely affected patients but can be used for weaning after respiratory improvement, which means that intensive care respirators are available again more quickly. Respiratory therapists are specially trained nurses or therapists in the field of out of hospital ventilation and can independently use home ventilation respirators, for example for weaning in the intensive care unit. Thus, they relieve intensive care nursing staff in the pandemic. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic medical students from the Oldenburg University are currently being trained in operating home respirators to provide basic support in the hospital if necessary."}, {"pmid": 32358855, "pmcid": "PMC7267533", "title": "Tracheostomy during COVID-19 pandemic-Novel approach.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Chow, Velda Ling Yu", "Chan, Jimmy Yu Wai", "Ho, Valerie Wai Yee", "Pang, Sherby Suet Ying", "Lee, George Chung Ching", "Wong, Melody Man Kuen", "Lo, Arthur Shing Ho", "Lui, Frances", "Poon, Clara Ching Mei", "Wong, Stanley Thian Sze"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358855", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study describes a novel approach in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission during tracheostomy. Five patients underwent tracheostomy between April 1, 2020 and April 17, 2020. A clear and sterile plastic drape was used as an additional physical barrier against droplets and aerosols. Operative diagnosis; droplet count and distribution on plastic sheet and face shields were documented. Tracheostomy was performed for patients with carcinoma of tonsil (n = 2) and nasopharynx (n = 1), and aspiration pneumonia (n = 2). Droplet contamination was noted on all plastic sheets (n = 5). Droplet contamination was most severe over the central surface at 91.5% (86.7%-100.0%) followed by the left and right lateral surfaces at 5.2% (6.7%-10.0%) and 3.3% (6.7%-10.0%), respectively. No droplet contamination was noted on all face shields. Plastic drapes can help reduce viral transmission to health care providers during tracheostomy. Face shields may be spared which in turn helps to conserve resources during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32463077, "title": "The Urgent Need for Medicare Reimbursement for Home Infusion Antibiotics amidst a Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Streifel, Amber C", "Sikka, Monica K"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463077", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services should immediately update current policies to include reimbursement for Medicare patients receiving intravenous antibiotics at home. The majority of these patients are over the age of 65 and at increased risk for severe illness due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Requiring them to travel to an infusion center, stay in a skilled nursing facility or remain in the hospital longer than necessary to receive treatment results in avoidable risk of exposure amidst a pandemic. Current policy has significant implications for increased cost and harm to both these patients and the US healthcare system."}, {"pmid": 32344111, "pmcid": "PMC7194901", "title": "Vascular surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Unal, Ertekin Utku", "Mavioglu, Hayrettin Levent", "Iscan, Hakki Zafer"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344111", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464493, "pmcid": "PMC7238987", "title": "Hypoxia inducible factor-1 protects against COVID-19: A hypothesis.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Afsar, Baris", "Kanbay, Mehmet", "Afsar, Rengin Elsurer"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464493", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255659, "pmcid": "PMC7228084", "title": "Science in the Time of Coronavirus.", "journal": "Circ Heart Fail", "authors": ["Sweitzer, Nancy K"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255659", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357210, "pmcid": "PMC7197599", "title": "Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Luers, Jan C", "Rokohl, Alexander C", "Loreck, Niklas", "Wawer Matos, Philomena A", "Augustin, Max", "Dewald, Felix", "Klein, Florian", "Lehmann, Clara", "Heindl, Ludwig M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357210", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) shows a rapid spread over-the-world. Given scarce resources, non-laboratory diagnostics is crucial. In this cross-sectional study, two-thirds of European patients with polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19 reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, indicating the significance of this history in the early diagnostics."}, {"pmid": 32441330, "title": "Video calls for reducing social isolation and loneliness in older people: a rapid review.", "journal": "Cochrane Database Syst Rev", "authors": ["Noone, Chris", "McSharry, Jenny", "Smalle, Mike", "Burns, Annette", "Dwan, Kerry", "Devane, Declan", "Morrissey, Eimear C"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441330", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has been identified as a possible trigger for increases in loneliness and social isolation among older people due to the restrictions on movement that many countries have put in place. Loneliness and social isolation are consistently identified as risk factors for poor mental and physical health in older people. Video calls may help older people stay connected during the current crisis by widening the participant's social circle or by increasing the frequency of contact with existing acquaintances. The primary objective of this rapid review is to assess the effectiveness of video calls for reducing social isolation and loneliness in older adults. The review also sought to address the effectiveness of video calls on reducing symptoms of depression and improving quality of life. We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL from 1 January 2004 to 7 April 2020. We also searched the references of relevant systematic reviews. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs (including cluster designs) were eligible for inclusion. We excluded all other study designs. The samples in included studies needed to have a mean age of at least 65 years. We included studies that included participants whether or not they were experiencing symptoms of loneliness or social isolation at baseline.\u00a0Any intervention in which a core component involved the use of the internet to facilitate video calls or video conferencing through computers, smartphones or tablets with the intention of reducing loneliness or social isolation, or both, in older adults was eligible for inclusion. We included studies in the review if they reported self-report measures of loneliness, social isolation, symptoms of depression or quality of life.\u00a0 Two review authors screened 25% of abstracts; a third review author resolved conflicts. A single review author screened the remaining abstracts. The second review author screened all excluded abstracts and we resolved conflicts by consensus or by involving a third review author. We followed the same process for full-text articles. One review author extracted data, which another review author checked. The primary outcomes were loneliness and social isolation and the secondary outcomes were symptoms of depression and quality of life. One review author rated the certainty of evidence for the primary outcomes according to the GRADE approach and another review author checked the ratings. We conducted fixed-effect meta-analyses for the primary outcome, loneliness, and the secondary outcome, symptoms of depression. We identified three cluster quasi-randomised trials, which together included 201 participants. The included studies compared video call interventions to usual care in nursing homes. None of these studies were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic.\u00a0 Each study measured loneliness using the UCLA Loneliness Scale. Total scores range from 20 (least lonely) to 80 (most lonely). The evidence was very uncertain and suggests that video calls may result in little to no difference in scores on the UCLA Loneliness Scale compared to usual care at three months (mean difference (MD) -0.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.28 to 2.41; 3 studies; 201 participants), at six months (MD -0.34, 95% CI -3.41 to 2.72; 2 studies; 152 participants) and at 12 months (MD -2.40, 95% CI -7.20 to 2.40; 1 study; 90 participants). We downgraded the certainty of this evidence by three levels for study limitations, imprecision and indirectness. None of the included studies reported social isolation as an outcome. Each study measured symptoms of depression using the Geriatric Depression Scale. Total scores range from 0 (better) to 30 (worse). The evidence was very uncertain and\u00a0suggests that video calls may result in little to no difference in scores on the Geriatric Depression Scale compared to usual care at three months' follow-up (MD 0.41, 95% CI -0.90 to 1.72; 3 studies; 201 participants) or six months' follow-up (MD -0.83, 95% CI -2.43 to 0.76; 2 studies, 152 participants). The evidence suggests that video calls may have a small effect on symptoms of depression at one-year follow-up, though this finding is imprecise (MD -2.04, 95% CI -3.98 to -0.10; 1 study; 90 participants).\u00a0We downgraded the certainty of this evidence by three levels for study limitations, imprecision and indirectness. Only one study, with 62 participants, reported quality of life. The study measured quality of life using a Taiwanese adaptation of the Short-Form 36-question health survey (SF-36), which consists of eight subscales that measure different aspects of quality of life: physical function; physical role; emotional role; social function; pain: vitality; mental health; and physical health.\u00a0Each subscale\u00a0is scored from 0 (poor health) to 100 (good health). The evidence is very uncertain and suggests that there may be little to no difference between people allocated to usual care and those allocated to video calls in three-month scores in physical function (MD 2.88, 95% CI -5.01 to 10.77), physical role (MD -7.66, 95% CI -24.08 to 8.76), emotional role (MD -7.18, 95% CI -16.23 to 1.87), social function (MD 2.77, 95% CI -8.87 to 14.41), pain scores (MD -3.25, 95% CI -15.11 to 8.61), vitality scores (MD -3.60, 95% CI -9.01 to 1.81), mental health (MD 9.19, 95% CI 0.36 to 18.02)\u00a0and physical health (MD 5.16, 95% CI -2.48 to 12.80). We downgraded the certainty of this evidence by three levels for study limitations, imprecision and indirectness. Based on this review there is currently very uncertain evidence on the effectiveness of video call interventions to reduce loneliness in older adults. The review did not include any studies that reported evidence of the effectiveness of video call interventions to address social isolation in older adults. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of video calls for outcomes of symptoms of depression was very uncertain. Future research in this area needs to use more rigorous methods and more diverse and representative participants. Specifically, future studies should target older adults, who are demonstrably lonely or socially isolated, or both, across a range of settings to determine whether video call interventions are effective in a population in which these outcomes are in need of improvement."}, {"pmid": 32396456, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Ischemic Stroke.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Valderrama, Eduard Valdes", "Humbert, Kelley", "Lord, Aaron", "Frontera, Jennifer", "Yaghi, Shadi"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396456", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352180, "pmcid": "PMC7267300", "title": "COVID-19: Nasal and oropharyngeal swab.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Petruzzi, Gerardo", "De Virgilio, Armando", "Pichi, Barbara", "Mazzola, Francesco", "Zocchi, Jacopo", "Mercante, Giuseppe", "Spriano, Giuseppe", "Pellini, Raul"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352180", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Performing a proper nasal and oropharyngeal swab procedure is essential in the screening of COVID-19 infection. The video illustration of nasal and oropharyngeal swab is presented (Video S1). To correctly perform the nasopharyngeal swab, the patient must be seated comfortably with the back of their head against the headrest. The swab is inserted in the nose horizontally, along an imaginary line between the nostril and the ear. Oropharyngeal sampling is easier to perform. The swab is directed toward the rear wall of the oropharynx and it is rotated a few times before removal. After taking the sample, it is necessary to insert both swabs in the same tube, breaking the rod with one swift and controlled movement. Finally, carefully reset the cap. It appears to be extremely important to properly collect nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs in order to minimize the false negative rate among COVID-19 positive patients."}, {"pmid": 32504458, "pmcid": "PMC7273820", "title": "A case of subacute thyroiditis associated with Covid-19 infection.", "journal": "J Endocrinol Invest", "authors": ["Asfuroglu Kalkan, E", "Ates, I"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504458", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374546, "title": "[Medical students at the bedside of COVID-19 patients : motivations and challenges].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Aebischer, Oriane", "Porret, Raphael", "Pawlowska, Victoria", "Barbier, Jeanne", "Caratsch, Leo", "Moreira De Jesus, Mike", "Castioni, Julien", "Kraege, Vanessa", "Bart, Pierre-Alexandre", "Mean, Marie", "Monti, Matteo", "Garnier, Antoine", "Vollenweider, Peter", "Gachoud, David"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374546", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is putting our healthcare system under exceptional pressure, given the number of affected patients. In a context of limited human healthcare resources, senior medical students represent a valuable workforce that can quickly be mobilized for patient care. This is the approach followed in Switzerland and other countries, in several outpatient structures or inpatient services, including the Department of Internal Medicine, of the Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV). In this article, we first give the floor to students who responded to our call. We conclude with important considerations in terms of students' clinical supervision. It is reminded that the involvement of students in the care of COVID-19 patients should only occur on a vo luntary basis."}, {"pmid": 32398892, "pmcid": "PMC7214848", "title": "Challenges facing the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil: lessons from short food supply systems.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Preiss, Potira V"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398892", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416947, "pmcid": "PMC7158767", "title": "Covid-19 pandemic and digital transformation in critical care units.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Murillo-Cabezas, Francisco", "Vigil-Martin, Eduardo", "Raimondi, Nestor", "Perez-Fernandez, Javier"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416947", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32144890, "pmcid": "PMC7111068", "title": "The Novel Coronavirus - A Snapshot of Current Knowledge.", "journal": "Microb Biotechnol", "authors": ["Brussow, Harald"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32144890", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Another animal to human transmission of a coronavirus occurred in December 2019 on a live animal market in the Chinese city of Wuhan causing an epidemic in China, reaching now different continents. This minireview summarizes the research literature on the virological, clinical and epidemiological aspects of this epidemic published until end of February 2020."}, {"pmid": 32438448, "title": "Pandemically challenged: developing a ward-based cross-skilling programme.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Bakewell, Zoe", "Davies, Danielle", "Allanby, Lucy", "Dhonye, Yasin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438448", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, North Bristol NHS Trust (NBT) doctors were redeployed to unfamiliar clinical teams, where they would work at the level of a fully-registered Foundation doctor. As undergraduate clinical teaching fellows, we were re-purposed to rapidly produce a training programme to refresh the medical knowledge of doctors who were from a wide variety of non-medical specialities and grades. Building on our experience of facilitating medical students, wedevised medical ward-based scenarios in an informal Objective Structure Clinical Examination (OSCE) style to promote focused active learning and prompt further independent study."}, {"pmid": 32489692, "pmcid": "PMC7220297", "title": "Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) and Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) as a Potential Therapy in Combating (COVID-19)-Disease.", "journal": "Aging Dis", "authors": ["Gentile, Pietro", "Sterodimas, Aris"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489692", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent and interesting study reported improved respiratory activity after intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These outcomes displayed that intravenous infiltration of MSCs is a safe and efficacy treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia, a severe acute respiratory illness caused by the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Only 7 patients were treated, but with extraordinary results, opening a new strategy in COVID-19 therapy. Currently, no specific therapies against SARS-CoV-2 are available. The MSCs therapy outcomes reported, are striking, as these cells inhibit the over-activation of the immune system, promoting endogenous repair, by improving the lung microenvironment after the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The MSCs could represent an effective, autologous and safe therapy, and therefore, sharing these published results, here is reported the potential use possibilities in COVID-19 of the most common MSCs represented by Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs)."}, {"pmid": 32030926, "pmcid": "PMC7008072", "title": "The Outbreak Cases with the Novel Coronavirus Suggest Upgraded Quarantine and Isolation in Korea.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Yoo, Jin Hong", "Hong, Sung Tae"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32030926", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495400, "title": "Exanthema and eosinophilia in Covid-19 patients: has viral infection a role in drug induced exanthemas?", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Rosell-Diaz, A M", "Mateos-Mayo, A", "Nieto-Benito, L M", "Balaguer-Franch, I", "Hernandez de, E", "la Torre-Ruiz", "Lainez-Nuez, A", "Suarez-Fernandez, R", "Bergon-Sendin, M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495400", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the present time, the whole world is faced with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Cutaneous manifestations in these patients are being increasingly reported, including rash, acrocyanosis or urticaria(1). Exanthemas in covid-19 patients are becoming frequent in our daily practice and they pose a challenge regarding their pathogenesis. We present a retrospective case series of twelve adult patients (6 male/6 female) with a mean age of 66,3 years (47-79). All patients had pneumonia and nasopharyngeal swab PCR positive for SARS CoV-2 and had received treatment for Covid-19 per protocol established. Table 1 shows the characteristics of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32480248, "pmcid": "PMC7251351", "title": "Is there enough evidence to discontinue the renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in patients with COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Bobkova, Irina", "Kamyshova, Elena", "Rudenko, Tatiana", "Stavrovskaya, Ekaterina", "Moiseev, Sergey"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480248", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423586, "pmcid": "PMC7200126", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus co-infection.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Cuadrado-Payan, Elena", "Montagud-Marrahi, Enrique", "Torres-Elorza, Manuel", "Bodro, Marta", "Blasco, Miquel", "Poch, Esteban", "Soriano, Alex", "Pineiro, Gaston J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423586", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428166, "title": "COVID-19 in felines, their role in human health and possible implications for their guardians and health surveillance.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Ristow, Luiz Eduardo", "Carvalho, Otavio Valerio de", "Gebara, Rosangela Ribeiro"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428166", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234343, "pmcid": "PMC7102547", "title": "Monitoring transmissibility and mortality of COVID-19 in Europe.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yuan, Jing", "Li, Minghui", "Lv, Gang", "Lu, Z Kevin"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234343", "countries": ["Germany", "Italy", "France", "Spain"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a global pandemic is inevitable, real-time monitoring of transmission is vital for containing the spread of COVID-19. The main objective of this study was to report the real-time effective reproduction numbers (R(t)) and case fatality rates (CFR) in Europe. Data for this study were obtained mainly from the World Health Organization website, up to March 9, 2020. R(t) were estimated by exponential growth rate (EG) and time-dependent (TD) methods. 'R0' package in R was employed to estimate R(t) by fitting the existing epidemic curve. Both the na\u00efve CFR (nCFR) and adjusted CFR (aCFR) were estimated. With the EG method, R(t) was 3.27 (95% confidence interval (CI) 3.17-3.38) for Italy, 6.32 (95% CI 5.72-6.99) for France, 6.07 (95% CI 5.51-6.69) for Germany, and 5.08 (95% CI 4.51-5.74) for Spain. With the TD method, the R value for March 9 was 3.10 (95% CI 2.21-4.11) for Italy, 6.56 (95% CI 2.04-12.26) for France, 4.43 (95% CI 1.83-7.92) for Germany, and 3.95 (95% CI 0-10.19) for Spain. This study provides important findings on the early outbreak of COVID-19 in Europe. Due to the recent rapid increase in new cases of COVID-19, real-time monitoring of the transmissibility and mortality in Spain and France is a priority."}, {"pmid": 32375523, "pmcid": "PMC7212539", "title": "The challenge of resuming classes for young students in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Expert Rev Respir Med", "authors": ["Yang, Rongrong", "Gui, Xien", "Zhang, Yongxi", "Xiong, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375523", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360315, "pmcid": "PMC7180367", "title": "COVID alias challenge to onco-rehabilitation and to viable indications and decisions: Cues from an Italian COVID+ oral cancer patient.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Pietrobon, Giacomo", "Tagliabue, Marta", "Chu, Francesco", "De Berardinis, Rita", "Ansarin, Mohssen"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360315", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342348, "pmcid": "PMC7184803", "title": "Spinal anesthesia for Cesarean delivery in women with COVID-19 infection: questions regarding the cause of hypotension.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Benhamou, Dan", "Meyer, Hawa Keita", "Morau, Estelle", "Chassard, Dominique", "Mercier, Frederic J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342348", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438579, "title": "Comparison of the Characteristics and Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Different Types of Family Infections in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Liu, Shih-Feng", "Kuo, Nai-Ying", "Kuo, Ho-Chang"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438579", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There were some family infections of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Taiwan to date. This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of different types of family infections with COVID-19 and to share Taiwan's experience. We collected cases of family infections of COVID-19 from 21 January 2020 to 16 March 2020. The data were collected from a series of press conference contents by Taiwan's Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC). During this period, there were six family infections in Taiwan, including two couple infections, one imported family cluster infection, and three domestic family cluster infections. Compared to the former two, the starters (cases 19, 24, and 27) of domestic family cluster infections showed longer symptom-onset to diagnosis (p = 0.02); longer symptom-onset to quarantine or isolation (p = 0.01); higher first-generation reproduction number (p = 0.03); and more critical presentation (endotracheal tube insertion and intensive care unit (ICU) care) (p < 0.01). In addition, compared to the former two, the starters of the latter were older, had no history of travel, and had more underlying diseases and more mortality. There are more contacts of domestic family cluster infections, making epidemiological investigations more difficult and expensive. However, the second-generation reproduction number of the above three families was zero. Domestic family cluster infections of COVID-19 have different characteristics and outcomes from couple infection and imported family cluster infections in this study."}, {"pmid": 32352650, "pmcid": "PMC7267304", "title": "Zooming Towards a Telehealth Solution for Vulnerable Children with Obesity During COVID-19.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Woo Baidal, Jennifer A", "Chang, Jane", "Hulse, Emma", "Turetsky, Robyn", "Parkinson, Kristina", "Rausch, John C"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352650", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health inequities exist throughout the life course, resulting in racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in obesity and obesity-related health complications. Obesity and its comorbidities appear to be linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality. Approaches to reduce obesity in the time of COVID-19 closures are urgently needed and should start early in life. In New York City, a telehealth pediatric weight-management collaborative spanning NewYork-Presbyterian, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Weill Cornell Medicine was developed during COVID-19 with show rates from 76% to 89%. To stave off the impending exacerbation of health disparities related to obesity risk factors in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, effective interventions that can be delivered remotely are urgently needed among vulnerable children with obesity. Challenges in digital technology access, social and linguistic differences, privacy security, and reimbursement must be overcome to realize the full potential of telehealth for pediatric weight management among low-income and racial/ethnic-minority children."}, {"pmid": 32334395, "pmcid": "PMC7162793", "title": "Diabetes mellitus is associated with increased mortality and severity of disease in COVID-19 pneumonia - A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Huang, Ian", "Lim, Michael Anthonius", "Pranata, Raymond"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334395", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is chronic conditions with devastating multi-systemic complication and may be associated with severe form of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis in order to investigate the association between DM and poor outcome in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Systematic literature search was performed from several electronic databases on subjects that assess DM and outcome in COVID-19 pneumonia. The outcome of interest was composite poor outcome, including mortality, severe COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), need for intensive care unit (ICU) care, and disease progression. There were a total of 6452 patients from 30 studies. Meta-analysis showed that DM was associated with composite poor outcome (RR 2.38 [1.88, 3.03], p\u00a0<\u00a00.001; I2: 62%) and its subgroup which comprised of mortality (RR 2.12 [1.44, 3.11], p\u00a0<\u00a00.001; I2: 72%), severe COVID-19 (RR 2.45 [1.79, 3.35], p\u00a0<\u00a00.001; I2: 45%), ARDS (RR 4.64 [1.86, 11.58], p\u00a0=\u00a00.001; I2: 9%), and disease progression (RR 3.31 [1.08, 10.14], p\u00a0=\u00a00.04; I2: 0%). Meta-regression showed that the association with composite poor outcome was influenced by age (p\u00a0=\u00a00.003) and hypertension (p\u00a0<\u00a00.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the association was weaker in studies with median age \u226555 years-old (RR 1.92) compared to <55 years-old (RR 3.48), and in prevalence of hypertension \u226525% (RR 1.93) compared to <25% (RR 3.06). Subgroup analysis on median age <55 years-old and prevalence of hypertension <25% showed strong association (RR 3.33) CONCLUSION: DM was associated with mortality, severe COVID-19, ARDS, and disease progression in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32499091, "pmcid": "PMC7256504", "title": "(Mis-)understanding COVID-19 and digit ratio: Methodological and statistical issues in Manning and Fink (2020).", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Jones, Alex L", "Satchell, Liam P", "Jaeger, Bastian", "Schild, Christoph"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499091", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524843, "title": "Focus on a 2019-novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Future Microbiol", "authors": ["Zhang, Ling-Pu", "Wang, Meixian", "Wang, Yanping", "Zhu, Jun", "Zhang, Nannan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524843", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was first discovered in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of April 7, 2020, the new coronavirus has spread quickly to 184 countries and aroused the attention of the entire world. No targeted drugs have yet been available for intervention and treatment of this virus. The sharing of academic information is crucial to risk assessment and control activities in outbreak countries. In this review, we summarize the epidemiological, genetic and clinical characteristics of the virus as well as laboratory testing and treatments to understand the nature of the virus. We hope this review will be helpful to prevent viral infections in outbreak countries and regions."}, {"pmid": 32484725, "title": "Increased importance of digital medicine and eHealth during the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Scand J Prim Health Care", "authors": ["Thulesius, Hans"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484725", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449007, "pmcid": "PMC7245992", "title": "In and Beyond COVID-19: US Academic Pharmaceutical Science and Engineering Community Must Engage to Meet Critical National Needs.", "journal": "AAPS PharmSciTech", "authors": ["Gurvich, Vadim J", "Hussain, Ajaz S"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449007", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The supply of affordable, high-quality pharmaceuticals to US patients has been on a critical path for decades. In and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic, this critical path has become tortuous. To regain reliability, reshoring of the pharmaceutical supply chain to the USA is now a vital national security need. Reshoring the pharmaceutical supply with old know-how and outdated technologies that cause inherent unpredictability and adverse environmental impact will neither provide the security we seek nor will it be competitive and affordable. The challenge at hand is complex akin to redesigning systems, including corporate and public research and development, manufacturing, regulatory, and education ones. The US academic community must be engaged in progressing solutions needed to counter emergencies in the COVID-19 pandemic and in building new methods to reshore the pharmaceutical supply chain beyond the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32407649, "title": "Developing a sustainable exit strategy for COVID-19: health, economic and public policy implications.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Anderson, Michael", "Mckee, Martin", "Mossialos, Elias"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407649", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32176764, "title": "Managing COVID-19 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Hopman, Joost", "Allegranzi, Benedetta", "Mehtar, Shaheen"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32176764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404314, "title": "Cassandra's curse and covid-19: why do governments listen to businesses over doctors?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Green, Stephen T", "Cladi, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404314", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466862, "pmcid": "PMC7211692", "title": "Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19, a review of the evidence and implications for pandemic management.", "journal": "Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp", "authors": ["Lop Gros, Joan", "Iglesias Coma, Mar", "Gonzalez Farre, Monica", "Serra Pujadas, Consol"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466862", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is debate as to whether olfactory dysfunction should be considered a symptom of COVID-19 infection. We undertook a systematic literature review of the articles indexed in PubMed on olfactory disorders in viral respiratory tract conditions, with special emphasis on COVID-19. The main objective was to find evidence of clinical interest to support the relationship between anosmia and COVID-19. Olfactory disorders in upper respiratory tract infections are frequent, most caused by obstruction due to oedema of the nasal mucosa. Occasionally, post-viral sensorineural olfactory dysfunction occurs, with a variable prognosis. The evidence on anosmia in COVID-19 patients is extremely limited, corresponding to a level 5 or D of the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. According to the available evidence, it seems reasonable to apply isolation, hygiene and social distancing measures in patients with recent olfactory disorders as the only symptom, although the usefulness of diagnostic tests for this type of patient should be studied."}, {"pmid": 32335559, "title": "Neonatal Resuscitation Where the Mother Has a Suspected or Confirmed Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: Suggestion for a Pragmatic Action Plan.", "journal": "Neonatology", "authors": ["Trevisanuto, Daniele", "Moschino, Laura", "Doglioni, Nicoletta", "Roehr, Charles Christoph", "Gervasi, Maria Teresa", "Baraldi, Eugenio"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335559", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, is rapidly spreading across the world. As the number of infections increases, those of infected pregnant women and children will rise as well. Controversy exists whether COVID-19 can be transmitted in utero and lead to disease in the newborn. As this chance cannot be ruled out, strict instructions for the management of mothers and newborn infants are mandatory. This perspective aims to be a practical support tool for the planning of delivery and neonatal resuscitation of infants born by mothers with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32504722, "pmcid": "PMC7267789", "title": "Considerations for Underrepresented in Medicine Dermatology Residency Applicants Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Jones, Virginia A", "Clark, Kayla A", "Patel, Payal M", "Cordova, Adriana", "Tsoukas, Maria M"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504722", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423584, "pmcid": "PMC7190303", "title": "Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Wang, Yeming", "Zhang, Dingyu", "Du, Guanhua", "Du, Ronghui", "Zhao, Jianping", "Jin, Yang", "Fu, Shouzhi", "Gao, Ling", "Cheng, Zhenshun", "Lu, Qiaofa", "Hu, Yi", "Luo, Guangwei", "Wang, Ke", "Lu, Yang", "Li, Huadong", "Wang, Shuzhen", "Ruan, Shunan", "Yang, Chengqing", "Mei, Chunlin", "Wang, Yi", "Ding, Dan", "Wu, Feng", "Tang, Xin", "Ye, Xianzhi", "Ye, Yingchun", "Liu, Bing", "Yang, Jie", "Yin, Wen", "Wang, Aili", "Fan, Guohui", "Zhou, Fei", "Liu, Zhibo", "Gu, Xiaoying", "Xu, Jiuyang", "Shang, Lianhan", "Zhang, Yi", "Cao, Lianjun", "Guo, Tingting", "Wan, Yan", "Qin, Hong", "Jiang, Yushen", "Jaki, Thomas", "Hayden, Frederick G", "Horby, Peter W", "Cao, Bin", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423584", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No specific antiviral drug has been proven effective for treatment of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Remdesivir (GS-5734), a nucleoside analogue prodrug, has inhibitory effects on pathogenic animal and human coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro, and inhibits Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2 replication in animal models. We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial at ten hospitals in Hubei, China. Eligible patients were adults (aged \u226518 years) admitted to hospital with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, with an interval from symptom onset to enrolment of 12 days or less, oxygen saturation of 94% or less on room air or a ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen of 300 mm Hg or less, and radiologically confirmed pneumonia. Patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to intravenous remdesivir (200 mg on day 1 followed by 100 mg on days 2-10 in single daily infusions) or the same volume of placebo infusions for 10 days. Patients were permitted concomitant use of lopinavir-ritonavir, interferons, and corticosteroids. The primary endpoint was time to clinical improvement up to day 28, defined as the time (in days) from randomisation to the point of a decline of two levels on a six-point ordinal scale of clinical status (from 1=discharged to 6=death) or discharged alive from hospital, whichever came first. Primary analysis was done in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population and safety analysis was done in all patients who started their assigned treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04257656. Between Feb 6, 2020, and March 12, 2020, 237 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to a treatment group (158 to remdesivir and 79 to placebo); one patient in the placebo group who withdrew after randomisation was not included in the ITT population. Remdesivir use was not associated with a difference in time to clinical improvement (hazard ratio 1\u00b723 [95% CI 0\u00b787-1\u00b775]). Although not statistically significant, patients receiving remdesivir had a numerically faster time to clinical improvement than those receiving placebo among patients with symptom duration of 10 days or less (hazard ratio 1\u00b752 [0\u00b795-2\u00b743]). Adverse events were reported in 102 (66%) of 155 remdesivir recipients versus 50 (64%) of 78 placebo recipients. Remdesivir was stopped early because of adverse events in 18 (12%) patients versus four (5%) patients who stopped placebo early. In this study of adult patients admitted to hospital for severe COVID-19, remdesivir was not associated with statistically significant clinical benefits. However, the numerical reduction in time to clinical improvement in those treated earlier requires confirmation in larger studies. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Emergency Project of COVID-19, National Key Research and Development Program of China, the Beijing Science and Technology Project."}, {"pmid": 32519205, "title": "Decreased utilization of mental health emergency service during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Hoyer, Carolin", "Ebert, Anne", "Szabo, Kristina", "Platten, Michael", "Meyer-Lindenberg, Andreas", "Kranaster, Laura"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519205", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the rapid rise of the COVID-19 pandemic, a reduction of the numbers of patients presenting to emergency departments has been observed. We present an early study from a German psychiatric hospital to assess the dynamics of mental health emergency service utilization rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results show that the numbers of emergency presentations decreased, and a positive correlation between these numbers and mobility of the general public suggests an impact of extended measures of social distancing. This finding underscores the necessity of raising and sustaining awareness regarding the threat to mental health in the context of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32350105, "pmcid": "PMC7191115", "title": "Putative contributions of circadian clock and sleep in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Meira E Cruz, Miguel", "Miyazawa, Masaaki", "Gozal, David"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350105", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304643, "pmcid": "PMC7128279", "title": "Coronavirus Outbreak: Is Radiology Ready? Mass Casualty Incident Planning.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Myers, Lee", "Balakrishnan, Sudheer", "Reddy, Sravanthi", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304643", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Health care systems worldwide should be prepared for an unusually high volume of patients in the next few weeks to months. Even the most efficient radiology department will undergo tremendous stress when victims of a mass casualty flood the emergency department and in turn the radiology department. A significant increase is expected in the number of imaging studies ordered for the initial diagnosis and treatment follow-up of cases of COVID-19. Here, we highlight recommendations for developing and implementing a mass casualty incident (MCI) plan for a viral outbreak, such as the current COVID-19 infection. The MCI plan consists of several steps, including preparation, mobilization of resources, imaging chain, adjusting imaging protocols, and education, such as MCI plan simulation and in-service training. Having an MCI plan in place for a viral outbreak will protect patients and staff and ultimately decrease virus transmission. The use of simulations will help identify throughput and logistical issues."}, {"pmid": 32480008, "pmcid": "PMC7260560", "title": "ENDOSCOPIC FINDINGS IN PATIENTS INFECTED WITH 2019 NOVEL CORONAVIRUS IN LOMBARDY, ITALY.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Massironi, Sara", "Vigano, Chiara", "Dioscoridi, Lorenzo", "Filippi, Elisabetta", "Pagliarulo, Michela", "Manfredi, Guido", "Conti, Clara Benedetta", "Signorelli, Clementina", "Redaelli, Alessandro Ettore", "Bonato, Giulia", "Iiritano, Elena", "Frego, Roberto", "Zucchini, Nicola", "Ungari, Marco", "Pedaci, Marianna", "Bono, Francesca", "Di Bella, Camillo", "Buscarini, Elisabetta", "Mutignani, Massimiliano", "Penagini, Roberto", "Dinelli, Marco Emilio", "Invernizzi, Pietro"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480008", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416321, "pmcid": "PMC7255326", "title": "Patients with diabetes are at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab", "authors": ["Targher, G", "Mantovani, A", "Wang, X-B", "Yan, H-D", "Sun, Q-F", "Pan, K-H", "Byrne, C D", "Zheng, K I", "Chen, Y-P", "Eslam, M", "George, J", "Zheng, M-H"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416321", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360856, "pmcid": "PMC7252077", "title": "Can hydroxychloroquine be useful in the prevention of COVID-19? An Italian survey in dermatological and rheumatological patients already under treatment.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Vastarella, Maria", "Patri, Angela", "Annunziata, Maria Carmela", "Cantelli, Mariateresa", "Nappa, Paola", "Tasso, Marco", "Costa, Luisa", "Caso, Francesco", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360856", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496988, "title": "A Deep Neural Network to Distinguish COVID-19 from other Chest Diseases using X-ray Images.", "journal": "Curr Med Imaging", "authors": ["Albahli, Saleh"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496988", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Scanning patient's lungs to detect a Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) may lead to similar imaging with other chest diseases that strongly requires a multidisciplinary approach to confirm the diagnosis. There are only few works targeted pathological x-ray images. Most of the works targeted only single disease detection which is not good enough. Some works have provided for all classes however the results suffer due to lack of data for rare classes and data unbalancing problem. Due to arise of COVID-19 virus medical facilities of many countries are overwhelmed and there is a need of intelligent system to detect it. There have been few works regarding detection of the coronavirus but there are many cases where it can be misclassified as some techniques do not provide any goodness if it can only identify type of diseases and ignore the rest. This work is a deep learning-based model to distinguish between cases of COVID-19 from other chest diseases which is need of today. A Deep Neural Network model provides a significant contribution in terms of detecting COVID-19 and provide effective analysis of chest related diseases with respect to age and gender. Our model achieves 87% accuracy in terms of Gan based synthetic data and four different types of deep learning- based models which provided state of the art comparable results. If the gap in identifying of all viral pneumonias is not filled with effective automation of chest disease detection the healthcare industry may have to bear unfavorable circumstances."}, {"pmid": 32338807, "pmcid": "PMC7267482", "title": "Considerations for head and neck oncology practices during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Wuhan and Toronto experience.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Wu, Vincent", "Noel, Christopher W", "Forner, David", "Zhang, Zhi-Jian", "Higgins, Kevin M", "Enepekides, Danny J", "Lee, John M", "Witterick, Ian J", "Kim, John J", "Waldron, John N", "Irish, Jonathan C", "Hua, Qing-Quan", "Eskander, Antoine"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338807", "countries": ["China", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The practices of head and neck surgical oncologists must evolve to meet the unprecedented needs placed on our health care system by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Guidelines are emerging to help guide the provision of head and neck cancer care, though in practice, it can be challenging to operationalize such recommendations. Head and neck surgeons at Wuhan University faced significant challenges in providing care for their patients. Similar challenges were faced by the University of Toronto during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic in 2003. Herein, we outline our combined experience and key practical considerations for maintaining an oncology service in the midst of a pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32324118, "title": "Population-Based Estimates of Chronic Conditions Affecting Risk for Complications from Coronavirus Disease, United States.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Adams, Mary L", "Katz, David L", "Grandpre, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324118", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We estimated that 45.4% of US adults are at increased risk for complications from coronavirus disease because of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory disease, hypertension, or cancer. Rates increased by age, from 19.8% for persons 18-29 years of age to 80.7% for persons >80 years of age, and varied by state, race/ethnicity, health insurance status, and employment."}, {"pmid": 32245814, "pmcid": "PMC7183199", "title": "Projecting hospital utilization during the COVID-19 outbreaks in the United States.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Moghadas, Seyed M", "Shoukat, Affan", "Fitzpatrick, Meagan C", "Wells, Chad R", "Sah, Pratha", "Pandey, Abhishek", "Sachs, Jeffrey D", "Wang, Zheng", "Meyers, Lauren A", "Singer, Burton H", "Galvani, Alison P"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245814", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the wake of community coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission in the United States, there is a growing public health concern regarding the adequacy of resources to treat infected cases. Hospital beds, intensive care units (ICUs), and ventilators are vital for the treatment of patients with severe illness. To project the timing of the outbreak peak and the number of ICU beds required at peak, we simulated a COVID-19 outbreak parameterized with the US population demographics. In scenario analyses, we varied the delay from symptom onset to self-isolation, the proportion of symptomatic individuals practicing self-isolation, and the basic reproduction number R0 Without self-isolation, when R0 = 2.5, treatment of critically ill individuals at the outbreak peak would require 3.8 times more ICU beds than exist in the United States. Self-isolation by 20% of cases 24 h after symptom onset would delay and flatten the outbreak trajectory, reducing the number of ICU beds needed at the peak by 48.4% (interquartile range 46.4-50.3%), although still exceeding existing capacity. When R0 = 2, twice as many ICU beds would be required at the peak of outbreak in the absence of self-isolation. In this scenario, the proportional impact of self-isolation within 24 h on reducing the peak number of ICU beds is substantially higher at 73.5% (interquartile range 71.4-75.3%). Our estimates underscore the inadequacy of critical care capacity to handle the burgeoning outbreak. Policies that encourage self-isolation, such as paid sick leave, may delay the epidemic peak, giving a window of time that could facilitate emergency mobilization to expand hospital capacity."}, {"pmid": 32327853, "pmcid": "PMC7177059", "title": "COVID-19: A Revelation - A reply to Ian Mitroff.", "journal": "Technol Forecast Soc Change", "authors": ["Chen, Zhuo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327853", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a rejoinder of Dr. Ian Mitroff's perspective titled \"Corona Virus: A Prime Example of A Wicked Mess\". While I agree with Dr. Mitroff on the complexity of the COVID-19 outbreak and the urgency to address it, I disagree with him on points related to the role of wet market in this specific outbreak and whether China had acknowledged the existence of the outbreak. I also consider key highlights of the outbreak are the importance of collaboration across national and state borders and a balance between privacy and public health under such situations."}, {"pmid": 32296170, "title": "COVID-19 Q&A: Collaborating and coordinating keeps a zebrafish facility going.", "journal": "Lab Anim (NY)", "authors": ["Neff, Ellen P"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296170", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328363, "pmcid": "PMC7170020", "title": "The Unaddressed Behavioral Health Aspect During the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Onyeaka, Henry K", "Zahid, Shaheer", "Patel, Rikinkumar S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328363", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia has been declared a pandemic, citing more than 118,000 cases of the coronavirus illness in more than 110 countries and territories around the world. Public health emergencies have been demonstrated to have an impact on the behavioral health of the affected population as they may experience fear, anxiety, anger and post-traumatic stress disorder as consequences of their experiences. These effects may persist among affected individuals long after the outbreak has been controlled. To date, data on the behavioral distress and psychiatric morbidity of those suspected or diagnosed with the 2019-nCoV and their treating health professionals are lacking. Although the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has outlined some behavioral health guide for affected individuals, how best to respond to psychological challenges during the crisis is not known. There is an urgent need to provide robust and timely psychosocial support in the face of such an outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32405087, "pmcid": "PMC7218667", "title": "Continue ACE inhibitors/ ARB'S till further evidence in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Indian Heart J", "authors": ["Bansal, Sandeep", "Agstam, Sourabh", "Gupta, Anunay", "Gupta, Preeti", "Isser, H S"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405087", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420932, "title": "Proximal femur fractures in COVID-19 emergency: the experience of two Orthopedics and Traumatology Departments in the first eight weeks of the Italian epidemic.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Maniscalco, Pietro", "Poggiali, Erika", "Quattrini, Fabrizio", "Ciatti, Corrado", "Magnacavallo, Andrea", "Vercelli, Andrea", "Domenichini, Marco", "Vaienti, Enrico", "Pogliacomi, Francesco", "Ceccarelli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420932", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "CoVID-19 (Coronavirus disease) is a worldwide infection which is causing millions of deaths. A significant number of elderly patients require hospitalization and develop serious and sometimes life-threatening complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate the preliminary impact (8 weeks) of CoVID-19, focusing on proximal femur fractures, analyzing data and results compared to the same period of 2019. From February 22nd to April 18th, 2020 we surgically treated 121 proximal femur fractures (61 in Piacenza; 60 in Parma, 16 male, 44 female, mean age 81.1). In the same period of 2019, we treated 169 proximal femur fractures (90 in Piacenza, 33 male, 57 female, mean age 81.9; 79 in Parma, 29 males, 50 female, mean age 80.2). We had 21/61 (34.4%) patients resulted positive for COVID-19 and 11/61 in Parma (18.3%), based on nasal-pharyngeal swab, chest CT scan and/or lung US findings. The incidence of proximal femur fractures had a significant reduction during CoVID-19 spread in Piacenza and Parma. Authors have noticed an elevated number of deaths within 21 days after surgery. Piacenza: 4 cases in 2019 (4.4%) and 11 in 2020 (18.0%), of which 9 cases CoVID positive. In Parma in 2019 two deaths were encountered; in 2020 6 patients died and 5 cases were CoVID positive. In the first two months of the Italian epidemic, in the cities of Piacenza and Parma over 80% of deaths have occurred in patients over 70 years old. Even if preliminary, our study shows a significant increase in death in elderly patients surgically treated for proximal femur fractures, particularly in the Piacenza Hospital."}, {"pmid": 32440665, "pmcid": "PMC7212070", "title": "Cross-Protection Induced by Encephalitis Vaccines against COVID-19 Might be a Reason for Relatively Lower Mortality Rate in Some Countries.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Katoh, Shojiro", "Obayashi, Toshihiko", "Ganesh, Jegatheesan Saravana", "Iwasaki, Masaru", "Preethy, Senthilkumar", "Abraham, Samuel Jk"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440665", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an on-going pandemic attributed to a novel virus named SARS-CoV-2. Comparing the statistics of incidence and death rates between nations reveals that there is discrepancy amongst countries in these regards, even between countries that share borders. We herein present information from the literature indicating how cross-protection against COVID-19 conferred by the encephalitis vaccine could be the reason for lower fatality rate in the countries where immunization against encephalitis is widespread or included in national programs. This may pave the way for arriving at efficient prevention strategies as well as vaccine development."}, {"pmid": 32235486, "pmcid": "PMC7230636", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Infection (COVID-19) in Humans: A Scoping Review and Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Borges do Nascimento, Israel Junior", "Cacic, Nensi", "Abdulazeem, Hebatullah Mohamed", "von Groote, Thilo Caspar", "Jayarajah, Umesh", "Weerasekara, Ishanka", "Esfahani, Meisam Abdar", "Civile, Vinicius Tassoni", "Marusic, Ana", "Jeroncic, Ana", "Carvas Junior, Nelson", "Pericic, Tina Poklepovic", "Zakarija-Grkovic, Irena", "Meirelles Guimaraes, Silvana Mangeon", "Luigi Bragazzi, Nicola", "Bjorklund, Maria", "Sofi-Mahmudi, Ahmad", "Altujjar, Mohammad", "Tian, Maoyi", "Arcani, Diana Maria Cespedes", "O'Mathuna, Donal P", "Marcolino, Milena Soriano"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235486", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A growing body of literature on the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is becoming available, but a synthesis of available data has not been conducted. We performed a scoping review of currently available clinical, epidemiological, laboratory, and chest imaging data related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, EMBASE, Scopus and LILACS from 01 January 2019 to 24 February 2020. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. Qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis were conducted using the clinical and laboratory data, and random-effects models were applied to estimate pooled results. A total of 61 studies were included (59,254 patients). The most common disease-related symptoms were fever (82%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 56%-99%; n = 4410), cough (61%, 95% CI 39%-81%; n = 3985), muscle aches and/or fatigue (36%, 95% CI 18%-55%; n = 3778), dyspnea (26%, 95% CI 12%-41%; n = 3700), headache in 12% (95% CI 4%-23%, n = 3598 patients), sore throat in 10% (95% CI 5%-17%, n = 1387) and gastrointestinal symptoms in 9% (95% CI 3%-17%, n = 1744). Laboratory findings were described in a lower number of patients and revealed lymphopenia (0.93 \u00d7 109/L, 95% CI 0.83-1.03 \u00d7 109/L, n = 464) and abnormal C-reactive protein (33.72 mg/dL, 95% CI 21.54-45.91 mg/dL; n = 1637). Radiological findings varied, but mostly described ground-glass opacities and consolidation. Data on treatment options were limited. All-cause mortality was 0.3% (95% CI 0.0%-1.0%; n = 53,631). Epidemiological studies showed that mortality was higher in males and elderly patients. The majority of reported clinical symptoms and laboratory findings related to SARS-CoV-2 infection are non-specific. Clinical suspicion, accompanied by a relevant epidemiological history, should be followed by early imaging and virological assay."}, {"pmid": 32320331, "title": "Sex and Gender Disparities in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Womens Health (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Gausman, Jewel", "Langer, Ana"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320331", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432518, "title": "Tocilizumab for Hemophagocytic Syndrome in a Kidney Transplant Recipient With COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Faguer, Stanislas", "Del Bello, Arnaud", "Abravanel, Florence", "Nicolau-Travers, Marie-Laure", "Kamar, Nassim"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432518", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401227, "title": "Professionally responsible counseling about birth location during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Grunebaum, Amos", "McCullough, Laurence B", "Bornstein, Eran", "Klein, Risa", "Dudenhausen, Joachim W", "Chervenak, Frank A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401227", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "If the worries about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are not already enough, some pregnant women have been questioning whether the hospital is a safe or safe enough place to deliver their babies and therefore whether they should deliver out-of-hospital during the pandemic. In the United States, planned out-of-hospital births are associated with significantly increased risks of neonatal morbidity and death. In addition, there are obstetric emergencies during out-of-hospital births that can lead to adverse outcomes, partly because of the delay in transporting the woman to the hospital. In other countries with well-integrated obstetric services and well-trained midwives, the differences in outcomes of planned hospital birth and planned home birth are smaller. Women are empowered to make informed decisions when the obstetrician makes ethically justified recommendations, which is known as directive counseling. Recommendations are ethically justified when the outcomes of one form of management is clinically superior to another. The outcomes of morbidity and mortality and of infection control and prevention of planned hospital birth are clinically superior to those of out-of-hospital birth. The obstetrician therefore should recommend planned hospital birth and recommend against planned out-of-hospital birth during the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has increased stress levels for all patients and even more so for pregnant patients and their families. The response in this difficult time should be to mitigate this stress and empower women to make informed decisions by routinely providing counseling that is evidence-based and directive."}, {"pmid": 32328442, "pmcid": "PMC7177082", "title": "COVID-19, osteoarthritis and women's health.", "journal": "Case Rep Womens Health", "authors": ["Mobasheri, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366502, "title": "COVID-19: Coronavirus replication, pathogenesis, and therapeutic strategies.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Bergmann, Cornelia C", "Silverman, Robert H"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366502", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519081, "title": "Could a mannequin simplify rhinopharyngeal swab collection in COVID 19 patients?", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Francesca, Boscolo Nata", "Barbara, Pedruzzi", "Emanuele, Ferri", "Francesco, Scotto di Clemente", "Giovanni, Campolieti", "Fabio, Manoni", "Giovanni, Cristalli"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519081", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rhinopharyngeal swab collection is used to test patients for COVID-19; unfortunately, the false negative rate is around 30% in symptomatic patients, and maybe even higher in asymptomatic ones. A correct swab collection is consequently critical. Swabs are usually performed by dedicated personnel, but at the present moment, the methods for its training are not standardized. In a Letter to the Editor recently published in the European Archives of Otorhinolaringology, Tagliabue et al. describe the training method used in their Institution: the personnel dedicated to swab collection increases its confidence with the procedure by observing endoscopic anatomy, while an otolaryngologist performs rigid endoscopy. Although we found this paper interesting, we think that the author's proposal has timing and financial drawbacks that should be considered in daily activity, especially in an emergency period like the pandemic we are experiencing. In this Letter to the Editor, we discuss some pre-analytic and analytic issues that should be considered while performing rhinopharyngeal swabs, and we propose the use of a mannequin to train personnel, thus reducing the risk of infection for health workers, and patient's discomfort."}, {"pmid": 32088858, "pmcid": "PMC7093363", "title": "Puzzle of highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (2019-nCoV).", "journal": "Protein Cell", "authors": ["Li, Jing", "Liu, Wenjun"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088858", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234467, "pmcid": "PMC7118634", "title": "Cytokine release syndrome in severe COVID-19: interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab may be the key to reduce mortality.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Zhang, Chi", "Wu, Zhao", "Li, Jia-Wen", "Zhao, Hong", "Wang, Gui-Qiang"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234467", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a viral pneumonia, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), from Wuhan, China, has swept the world. Although the case fatality rate is not high, the number of people infected is large and there is still a large number of patients dying. With the collation and publication of more and more clinical data, a large number of data suggest that there are mild or severe cytokine storms in severe patients, which is an important cause of death. Therefore, treatment of the cytokine storm has become an important part of rescuing severe COVID-19 patients. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays an important role in cytokine release syndrome. If it is possible to block the signal transduction pathway of IL-6, it is expected to become a new method for the treatment of severe COVID-19 patients. Tocilizumab is an IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) blocker that can effectively block the IL-6 signal transduction pathway and thus is likely to become an effective drug for patients with severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32425258, "pmcid": "PMC7233209", "title": "Medical mask versus cotton mask for preventing respiratory droplet transmission in micro environments.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ho, Kin-Fai", "Lin, Lian-Yu", "Weng, Shao-Ping", "Chuang, Kai-Jen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425258", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32233049, "title": "ISUOG Consensus Statement on organization of routine and specialist obstetric ultrasound services in context of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Abu-Rustum, R S", "Akolekar, R", "Sotiriadis, A", "Salomon, L J", "Costa, F Da Silva", "Wu, Q", "Frusca, T", "Bilardo, C M", "Prefumo, F", "Poon, L C"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233049", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389785, "pmcid": "PMC7204730", "title": "Comparison of CRB-65 and quick sepsis-related organ failure assessment for predicting the need for intensive respiratory or vasopressor support in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Su, Ying", "Tu, Guo-Wei", "Ju, Min-Jie", "Yu, Shen-Ji", "Zheng, Ji-Li", "Ma, Guo-Guang", "Liu, Kai", "Ma, Jie-Fei", "Yu, Kai-Huan", "Xue, Yuan", "Luo, Zhe"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389785", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402515, "pmcid": "PMC7187816", "title": "Association of Cardiovascular Disease With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Severity: A Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Curr Probl Cardiol", "authors": ["Aggarwal, Gaurav", "Cheruiyot, Isaac", "Aggarwal, Saurabh", "Wong, Johnny", "Lippi, Giuseppe", "Lavie, Carl J", "Henry, Brandon M", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402515", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Observational studies have reported an association between underlying cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and worse prognosis in COVID-19 patients, but this still remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of recent studies that reported the association of CVD with worse prognosis and increased mortality in COVID-19 patients. Literature search through PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase was completed by 2 reviewers from November 1, 2019 to April 20, 2020. Inclusion criteria were observational case-control or cohort studies on COVID-19 patients with a history of CVD included, which reported outcomes of COVID-19 infection severity, clearly outlined the definition of \"severe disease\" and with sample size >10. Data were abstracted independently by 2 authors. Studies were divided into 2 separate cohorts for analysis: severity (severe vs nonsevere) and mortality (nonsurvivors vs survivors). Data was pooled into a meta-analysis to estimate pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for each outcome. A total of 18 studies (n\u202f=\u202f4858 patients) were included. Sixteen studies were from China, while 2 were from the United States. Pre-existing CVD was associated with a significantly increased risk of a severe form of COVID-19 (OR\u202f=\u202f3.14; 95% CI 2.32-4.24; I2\u202f=\u202f0%; Q\u202f=\u202f8.68, P= 0.73) and overall risk of COVID-19 all-cause mortality (OR\u202f=\u202f11.08; 95% CI: 2.59-47.32; I2\u202f=\u202f55%; P\u202f=\u202f0.11). However, this study did not find a significant association between previous history of CVD and mortality in severe COVID-19 disease (OR\u202f=\u202f1.72; 95% CI: 0.97-3.06, I2\u202f=\u202f0%, P\u202f=\u202f0.46). Pre-existing CVD is associated with worse outcomes among patients with COVID-19. Clinicians and policymakers need to take account of these findings in implementing risk stratification models."}, {"pmid": 32368799, "pmcid": "PMC7267632", "title": "Utility of Tracheostomy in Patients With COVID-19 and Other Special Considerations.", "journal": "Laryngoscope", "authors": ["Mecham, Jeffrey C", "Thomas, Olivia J", "Pirgousis, Phillip", "Janus, Jeffrey R"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368799", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients who become severely ill from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a high likelihood of needing prolonged intubation, making tracheostomy a likely consideration. The infectious nature of COVID-19 poses an additional risk of transmission to healthcare workers that should be taken into consideration. We explore current literature and recommendations for tracheostomy in patients with COVID-19 and look back at previous data from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1), the virus responsible for the SARS outbreak of 2003. Given the severity and clinical uncertainty of patients with COVID-19 and the increased risk of transmission to clinicians, careful consideration should be taken prior to performing tracheostomy. If tracheostomy is performed, we recommend a bedside approach to limit exposure time and number of exposed personnel. Bronchoscopy use with a percutaneous approach should be limited in order to decrease viral exposure. Thorough preprocedural planning, use of experienced personnel, enhanced personal protective equipment where available, and a thoughtful anesthesia approach are instrumental in maximizing positive patient outcomes while successfully protecting the safety of healthcare personnel. Laryngoscope, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32361428, "pmcid": "PMC7194802", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 partial lockdown on the air quality of the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Dantas, Guilherme", "Siciliano, Bruno", "Franca, Bruno Boscaro", "da Silva, Cleyton M", "Arbilla, Graciela"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361428", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first COVID-19 case in Brazil was confirmed on February 25, 2020. On March 16, the state's governor declared public health emergency in the city of Rio de Janeiro and partial lockdown measures came into force a week later. The main goal of this work is to discuss the impact of the measures on the air quality of the city by comparing the particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone concentrations determined during the partial lockdown with values obtained in the same period of 2019 and also with the weeks prior to the virus outbreak. Concentrations varied with substantial differences among pollutants and also among the three studied monitoring stations. CO levels showed the most significant reductions (30.3-48.5%) since they were related to light-duty vehicular emissions. NO2 also showed reductions while PM10 levels were only reduced in the first lockdown week. In April, an increase in vehicular flux and movement of people was observed mainly as a consequence of the lack of consensus about the importance and need of social distancing and lockdown. Ozone concentrations increased probably due to the decrease in nitrogen oxides level. When comparing with the same period of 2019, NO2 and CO median values were 24.1-32.9 and 37.0-43.6% lower. Meteorological interferences, mainly the transport of pollutants from the industrial areas might have also impacted the results."}, {"pmid": 32452950, "title": "The Effect on Trauma Care Secondary to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Collateral Damage from Diversion of Resources.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Haut, Elliott R", "Leeds, Ira", "Livingston, David H"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272198, "pmcid": "PMC7136875", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and economic cost; impact on forcibly displaced people.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kabir, Mahvish", "Afzal, Muhammad Sohail", "Khan, Aisha", "Ahmed, Haroon"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272198", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452282, "title": "Fragment tailoring strategy to design novel chemical entities as potential binders of novel corona virus main protease.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Choudhury, Chinmayee"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452282", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19) has put the world on serious alert. The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2-MPro) cleaves the long polyprotein chains to release functional proteins required for replication of the virus and thus is a potential drug target to design new chemical entities in order to inhibit the viral replication in human cells. The current study employs state of art computational methods to design novel molecules by linking molecular fragments which specifically bind to different constituent sub-pockets of the SARS-CoV-2-MPro binding site. A huge library of 191678 fragments was screened against the binding cavity of SARS-CoV-2-MPro and high affinity fragments binding to adjacent sub-pockets were tailored to generate new molecules. These newly formed molecules were further subjected to molecular docking, ADMET filters and MM-GBSA binding energy calculations to select 17 best molecules (named as MP-In1 to MP-In17), which showed comparable binding affinities and interactions with the key binding site residues as the reference ligand. The complexes of these 17 molecules and the reference molecule with SARS-CoV-2-MPro, were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations, which assessed the stabilities of their binding with SARS-CoV-2-MPro. Fifteen molecules were found to form stable complexes with SARS-CoV-2-MPro. These novel chemical entities designed specifically according to the pharmacophoric requirements of SARS-CoV-2-MPro binding pockets showed good synthetic feasibility and returned no exact match when searched against chemical databases. Considering their interactions, binding efficiencies and novel chemotypes, they can be further evaluated as potential starting points for SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery. [Formula: see text]Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32372753, "pmcid": "PMC7201953", "title": "Temporal rise in the proportion of younger adults and older adolescents among coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases following the introduction of physical distancing measures, Germany, March to April 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Goldstein, Edward", "Lipsitch, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372753", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Using data on coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Germany from the Robert Koch Institute, we found a relative increase with time in the prevalence in 15-34 year-olds (particularly 20-24-year-olds) compared with 35-49- and 10-14-year-olds (we excluded older and younger ages because of different healthcare seeking behaviour). This suggests an elevated role for that age group in propagating the epidemic following the introduction of physical distancing measures."}, {"pmid": 32353901, "pmcid": "PMC7267357", "title": "Rationale for universal face masks in public against COVID-19.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["Sunjaya, Anthony Paulo", "Jenkins, Christine"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353901", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380291, "pmcid": "PMC7198423", "title": "Chloroquine-induced torsades de pointes in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Szekely, Yishay", "Lichter, Yael", "Shrkihe, Bander Abu", "Bruck, Hila", "Oster, Howard S", "Viskin, Sami"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380291", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478700, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic and Paradigm Change in Global Scientific Research.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Cardenas-Gonzalez, Mariana", "Alvarez-Buylla, Elena R"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478700", "countries": ["Mexico"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic has rocked the lives of human beings every-where in ways never imagined, forcing us to question where our civilization is headed. In this article, we explore and discuss scien-tifi c evidence that helps explain recent events in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.COVID-19 is caused by infection with a zoonotic-origin novel virus, SARS-CoV-2, that is genetically close to two coronavirus types iso-lated in bats. The transmission dynamics to humans from the original and intermediary hosts remain poorly understood, but it is highly likely that the SARS-CoV-2 virus infected humans after undergoing an inter-species transfer from bats to an intermediate species, and from there to human beings. Crossing the species barrier is largely fostered by industrial-scale agricultural practices that simplify original ecosystem connections by reducing biodiversity, facilitating the emergence of new infectious diseases. The scientifi c community has played an exemplary role in responding to this global emergency, working to fi nd timely, relevant solutions for governments and society as a whole. We need to take this opportunity to promote a global and open science that delves into the interrelation-ships of the biological, environmental, social and economic dimen-sions of this and other diseases while questioning current modes of production and their impact on the environment, and thus on human health worldwide. Keywords: Coronavirus infections; communicable diseases; zoonoses; ecosystems; technology, industry, and agriculture; pandemics; global health; Mexico."}, {"pmid": 32493070, "title": "Comparative impacts of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors versus angiotensin II receptor blockers on the risk of COVID-19 mortality.", "journal": "Hypertension", "authors": ["Zhou, Feng", "Liu, Ye-Mao", "Xie, Jing", "Li, Haomiao", "Lei, Fang", "Yang, Huilin", "Qin, Juan-Juan", "Cai, Jingjing", "Zhang, Xiao-Jing", "Wu, Bin", "Xia, Meng", "Xiang, Da", "Yang, Chengzhang", "Ma, Xin-Liang", "Xu, Qingbo", "Lu, Zhigang", "Lu, Haofeng", "Xia, Xigang", "Wang, Daihong", "Liao, Xiaofeng", "Peng, Gang", "Yang, Jun", "Huang, Xiaodong", "Zhang, Bing-Hong", "Yuan, Yufeng", "Wei, Xiang", "Liu, Peter P", "Wang, Yibin", "Zhang, Peng", "She, Zhi-Gang", "Xia, Jiahong", "Li, Hongliang"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493070", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "N/A."}, {"pmid": 32303365, "pmcid": "PMC7156242", "title": "Two known therapies could be useful as adjuvant therapy in critical patients infected by COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim", "authors": ["Hernandez, A", "Papadakos, P J", "Torres, A", "Gonzalez, D A", "Vives, M", "Ferrando, C", "Baeza, J"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303365", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pneumonia caused by coronavirus, which originated in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, has been spread around the world already becoming a pandemic. Unfortunately, there is not yet a specific vaccine or effective antiviral drug for treating COVID-19. Many of these patients deteriorate rapidly and require intubation and are mechanically ventilated, which is causing the collapse of the health system in many countries due to lack of ventilators and intensive care beds. In this document we review two simple adjuvant therapies to administer, without side effects, and low cost that could be useful for the treatment of acute severe coronavirus infection associated with acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). VitaminC, a potent antioxidant, has emerged as a relevant therapy due to its potential benefits when administered intravenous. The potential effect of vitaminC in reducing inflammation in the lungs could play a key role in lung injury caused by coronavirus infection. Another potential effective therapy is ozone: it has been extensively studied and used for many years and its effectiveness has been demonstrated so far in multiples studies. Nevertheless, our goal is not to make an exhaustive review of these therapies but spread the beneficial effects themselves. Obviously clinical trials are necessaries, but due to the potential benefit of these two therapies we highly recommended to add to the therapeutic arsenal."}, {"pmid": 32532516, "title": "Re: Karl H. Pang, Diego M. Carrion, Juan Gomez Rivas, et al. The Impact of COVID-19 on European Health Care and Urology Trainees. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.04.042.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Meyer, Christian P", "Kaulfuss, Julia", "Grange, Philippe"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532516", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372822, "pmcid": "PMC7194695", "title": "Why are ethnic minorities worse affected?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Liverpool, Layal"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372822", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Inequalities mean a disproportionate number of covid-19 patients are from minority ethnic backgrounds, reports Layal Liverpool."}, {"pmid": 32359194, "pmcid": "PMC7267131", "title": "COVID-19 in Spain: Transplantation in the midst of the pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Dominguez-Gil, Beatriz", "Coll, Elisabeth", "Fernandez-Ruiz, Mario", "Corral, Esther", "Del Rio, Francisco", "Zaragoza, Rafael", "Rubio, Juan J", "Hernandez, Domingo"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359194", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Spain has been one of the most affected countries by the COVID-19 outbreak. As of April 28, 2020, the number of confirmed cases is 210\u00a0773, including 102\u00a0548 patients recovered, more than 10\u00a0300 admitted to the ICU, and 23\u00a0822 deaths, with a global case fatality rate of 11.3%. From the perspective of donation and transplantation, the Spanish system first focused on safety issues, providing recommendations for donor evaluation and testing, and to rule out SARS-CoV-2 infection in potential recipients prior to transplantation. Since the country entered into an epidemiological scenario of sustained community transmission and saturation of intensive care, developing donation and transplantation procedures has become highly complex. Since the national state of alarm was declared in Spain on March 13, 2020, the mean number of donors has declined from 7.2 to 1.2 per day, and the mean number of transplants from 16.1 to 2.1 per day. Increased mortality on the waiting list may become a collateral damage of this terrible pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32427199, "pmcid": "PMC7232066", "title": "Maternal Fetal Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Crombleholme, Timothy M", "Moise, Kenneth J Jr"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427199", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355653, "pmcid": "PMC7188613", "title": "Chest CT as a screening tool for COVID-19 in unrelated patients and asymptomatic subjects without contact history is unjustified.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Liu, Wei-Hong", "Wang, Xia-Wu", "Cai, Zhong-Quan", "Wang, Xiao", "Huang, Xiao-Lu", "Jin, Zhi-Gang"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355653", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497768, "pmcid": "PMC7263234", "title": "After the COVID 19 outbreak in Italy: What have we learnt?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["De Filippis, Giuseppe", "Cavazzana, Laura", "Errico, Marisa", "Olivieri, Pietro", "Parravicini, Elena", "Curci, Rossella", "De Murtas, Giovanni", "Gimigliano, Alessandra", "Carnevali, Davide", "Letzgus, Matteo", "Visconti, Alessandro", "Castaldi, Silvana", "Auxilia, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497768", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285310, "pmcid": "PMC7153777", "title": "Milan 2020: COVID-19, neuro-oncology and much more.", "journal": "J Neurooncol", "authors": ["Finocchiaro, Gaetano"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285310", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301978, "pmcid": "PMC7184494", "title": "The aftermath of coronavirus disease 2019: devastation or a new dawn for nephrology?", "journal": "Nephrol Dial Transplant", "authors": ["Agarwal, Rajiv"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301978", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306492, "pmcid": "PMC7264730", "title": "D-dimer levels on admission to predict in-hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Zhang, Litao", "Yan, Xinsheng", "Fan, Qingkun", "Liu, Haiyan", "Liu, Xintian", "Liu, Zejin", "Zhang, Zhenlu"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306492", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has shown a global spreading trend.\u00a0Early and effective predictors of clinical outcomes are urgently needed to improve management of Covid-19 patients. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether elevated D-dimer levels could predict mortality in patients with Covid-19. Patients with laboratory confirmed Covid-19 were retrospective enrolled in Wuhan Asia General Hospital from January 12, 2020, to March 15, 2020. D-dimer levels on admission and death events were collected to calculate the optimum cutoff using receiver operating characteristic\u00a0curves. According to the cutoff, the subjects were divided into two groups. Then the in-hospital mortality between two groups were compared to assess the predictive value of D-dimer level. A total of 343 eligible patients were enrolled in the study. The optimum cutoff value of D-dimer to predict in-hospital mortality was 2.0\u00a0\u00b5g/mL with a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 83.3%. There were 67 patients with D-dimer \u22652.0\u00a0\u00b5g/mL, and 267 patients with D-dimer <2.0\u00a0\u00b5g/mL on admission. 13 deaths occurred during hospitalization. Patients with D-dimer levels \u22652.0\u00a0\u00b5g/mL had a higher incidence of mortality when comparing with those who with D-dimer levels <2.0\u00a0\u00b5g/mL (12/67 vs 1/267, P\u00a0<\u00a0.001; hazard ratio, 51.5; 95% confidence interval, 12.9-206.7). D-dimer on admission greater than 2.0 \u00b5g/mL (fourfold increase) could effectively predict in-hospital mortality in patients with Covid-19, which indicated D-dimer could be an early and helpful marker to improve management of Covid-19 patients. (Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000031428)."}, {"pmid": 32324597, "pmcid": "PMC7188026", "title": "Barrier Shields: Not Just for Intubations in Today's COVID-19 World?", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Tsai, Phil B"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324597", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490641, "title": "Characteristics of the initial patients hospitalized for COVID-19: a single-center report.", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Medetalibeyoglu, Alpay", "Senkal, Naci", "Capar, Gazi", "Kose, Murat", "Tukek, Tufan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490641", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus 19 infection (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic and Turkey had the first coronavirus patient tested positive in 10 March 2020. In this analysis we have discussed the characteristics of Turkish patients who have been hospitalized for COVID-19 infection. Cross sectional study Methods: This retrospective study included all the patients who have been hospitalized for novel coronavirus at blinded for peer review -Department of Internal Medicine between 15th March 2020 and 28th March 2020. Patients were screened with real time PCR (2019nCoV), chest X-ray and computer tomography. Also, their demographic characteristics including sex, age, occupation, comorbid disease etc. were recorded. There were 70 patients for analysis. Thirty-seven patients (52.9 %) tested positive for coronavirus infection with PCR. Mean age was 55.8 (min 24- max 87). There were 49 men (70.0%). Two patients (2%) were sent home and eleven patients (15.7%) were transferred to intensive care unit (ICU). Patients in ICU had statistically higher, pulse rate, respiratory rate, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, c-reactive protein, d-dimer, fibrinogen, activated partial thromboplastin time, troponin and procalcitonin compared to patients followed in clinics. Turkey has avoided the disease for some time but as inevitable as it is, our country has been added to the countries which are infected."}, {"pmid": 32447761, "title": "Dermatological findings in COVID-19 patients: Mexican experience.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Macedo-Perez, Marysol", "Barragan-Estudillo, Zamira F", "Castillo-Montufar, Elizabeth", "Choi, Su J", "Fernandez-Rueda, Paulina", "Donis-Hernandez, Jose", "Virgen-Cuevas, Margarita M", "Lopez-Enriquez, Claudia C", "Martinez-Hernandez, Lucia", "Carballo-Zarate, Adrian A", "Leal-Osuna, Sergio E"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447761", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505456, "title": "A nationwide survey of UK cardiac surgeons' view on clinical decision making during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Benedetto, Umberto", "Goodwin, Andrew", "Kendall, Simon", "Uppal, Rakesh", "Akowuah, Enoch"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505456", "countries": ["Ireland", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No firm recommendations are currently available to guide decision making for patients requiring cardiac surgery during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Systematic appraisal of senior surgeons' consensus can be used to generate interim recommendations until data from clinical observations become available. Hence, we aimed to collect and quantitatively appraise nationwide UK consultants' opinions on clinical decision making for patients requiring cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. We E-mailed a Web-based questionnaire to all consultant cardiac surgeons through the Society for Cardiothoracic Surgery in Great Britain and Ireland mailing list on the April 17, 2020, and we predetermined to close the survey on the April 21, 2020. This survey was primarily designed to gather information on UK surgeons' opinions using 12 items. Strong consensus was predefined as an opinion shared by at least 60% of responding consultants. A total of 86 consultant surgeons undertook the survey. All UK cardiac units were represented by at least 1 consultant. Strong consensus was achieved for the following key questions: (1) before any hospital admission for cardiac surgery, nasopharyngeal swab, polymerase chain reaction, and computed tomography of the chest should be performed; (2) the use of full personal protective equipment should to be adopted in every case by the theater team regardless of the patient's COVID-19 status; (3) the risk of COVID-19 exposure for patients undergoing heart surgery should be considered moderate to high and likely to increase mortality if it occurs; and (4) cardiac procedures should be decided based on a rapidly convened multidisciplinary team discussion for every patient. The majority believed that both aortic and mitral surgery should be considered in selected cases. The role of coronary artery bypass graft surgery during the pandemic was controversial. In this unprecedented pandemic period, this survey provides information for generating interim recommendations until data from clinical observations become available."}, {"pmid": 32513867, "title": "Antibody signature induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein immunogens in rabbits.", "journal": "Sci Transl Med", "authors": ["Ravichandran, Supriya", "Coyle, Elizabeth M", "Klenow, Laura", "Tang, Juanjie", "Grubbs, Gabrielle", "Liu, Shufeng", "Wang, Tony", "Golding, Hana", "Khurana, Surender"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513867", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Multiple vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 based on viral spike protein are under development. However, there is limited information on the quality of antibody responses generated with these vaccine modalities. To better understand antibody responses induced by spike protein-based vaccines, we performed a qualitative study by immunizing rabbits with various SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antigens: S-ectodomain (S1+S2) (aa 16-1213), which lacks the cytoplasmic and transmembrane domains (CT-TM), the S1 domain (aa 16-685), the receptor-binding domain (RBD) (aa 319-541), and the S2 domain (aa 686-1213, lacking the RBD, as control). Resulting antibody quality and function were analyzed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), receptor binding domain (RBD) competition assay, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) against different spike proteins in native conformation, and neutralization assays. All three antigens (S1+S2 ectodomain, S1 domain, and RBD), but not S2, generated strong neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccination-induced antibody repertoire was analyzed by SARS-CoV-2 spike genome fragment phage display libraries (SARS-CoV-2 GFPDL), which identified immunodominant epitopes in the S1, S1-RBD, and S2 domains. Furthermore, these analyses demonstrated that the RBD immunogen elicited a higher antibody titer with 5-fold higher affinity antibodies to native spike antigens compared with other spike antigens; and antibody affinity correlated strongly with neutralization titers. These findings may help guide rational vaccine design and facilitate development and evaluation of effective therapeutics and vaccines against COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32064853, "title": "[The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32064853", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: An outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China has spread quickly nationwide. Here, we report results of a descriptive, exploratory analysis of all cases diagnosed as of February 11, 2020. Methods: All COVID-19 cases reported through February 11, 2020 were extracted from China's Infectious Disease Information System. Analyses included: 1) summary of patient characteristics; 2) examination of age distributions and sex ratios; 3) calculation of case fatality and mortality rates; 4) geo-temporal analysis of viral spread; 5) epidemiological curve construction; and 6) subgroup analysis. Results: A total of 72 314 patient records-44 672 (61.8%) confirmed cases, 16 186 (22.4%) suspected cases, 10567 (14.6%) clinical diagnosed cases (Hubei only), and 889 asymptomatic cases (1.2%)-contributed data for the analysis. Among confirmed cases, most were aged 30-79 years (86.6%), diagnosed in Hubei (74.7%), and considered mild/mild pneumonia (80.9%). A total of 1 023 deaths occurred among confirmed cases for an overall case-fatality rate of 2.3%. The COVID-19 spread outward from Hubei sometime after December 2019 and by February 11, 2020, 1 386 counties across all 31 provinces were affected. The epidemic curve of onset of symptoms peaked in January 23-26, then began to decline leading up to February 11. A total of 1 716 health workers have become infected and 5 have died (0.3%). Conclusions: The COVID-19 epidemic has spread very quickly. It only took 30 days to expand from Hubei to the rest of Mainland China. With many people returning from a long holiday, China needs to prepare for the possible rebound of the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32445697, "pmcid": "PMC7239015", "title": "Reflections on the COVID-19 Pandemic in the USA: Will We Better Prepared Next Time?", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bearman, Gonzalo", "Pryor, Rachel", "Vokes, Rebecca", "Cooper, Kaila", "Doll, Michelle", "Godbout, Emily J", "Stevens, Michael P"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445697", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The United States (US) spends more on healthcare than any other country with little evidence of better, or even comparable, outcomes. We reflect on the US and the COVID-19 pandemic and focus on cultural, economic and structural barriers that threaten both current and future responses to infectious diseases emergencies. These include the US healthcare delivery model, the defunding of public health, a scarcity of infectious diseases physicians, the market failure of vaccines and anti-infectives and the concept of American exceptionalism. Without institutionalizing the lessons learned, the US will be positioned to repeat the missteps of COVID-19 with the next pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32481629, "title": "The Spread of the Covid-19 Pandemic in Time and Space.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Hafner, Christian M"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481629", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on public health and global economies in 2020; it is crucial to understand how it developed and spread in time and space. This paper contributes to the growing literature by considering the dynamics of country-wise growth rates of infection numbers. Low-order serial correlation of growth rates is predominantly negative with cycles of two to four days for most countries. The results of fitted spatial autoregressive models suggest that there is high degree of spillover between countries. Forecast variances of many countries, in particular those with a high absolute number of infections, can to a large extent be explained by structural innovations of other countries. A better understanding of the serial and spatial dynamics of the spread of the pandemic may contribute to an improved containment and risk management."}, {"pmid": 32366726, "title": "Management of Asthma in Children during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Kumar, Prawin", "Goyal, Jagdish P"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366726", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515525, "title": "Mental health services in Italy during the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Carpiniello, Bernardo", "Tusconi, Massimo", "di Sciascio, Guido", "Zanalda, Enrico", "di Giannantonio, Massimo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515525", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283458, "pmcid": "PMC7144597", "title": "COVID-19 as a factor influencing air pollution?", "journal": "Environ Pollut", "authors": ["Dutheil, Frederic", "Baker, Julien S", "Navel, Valentin"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283458", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369433, "title": "\"We're Not Ready, But I Don't Think You're Ever Ready.\" Clinician Perspectives on Implementation of Crisis Standards of Care.", "journal": "AJOB Empir Bioeth", "authors": ["Chuang, Elizabeth", "Cuartas, Pablo A", "Powell, Tia", "Gong, Michelle Ng"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369433", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted health care systems' vulnerabilities. Hospitals face increasing risk of periods of scarcity of life-sustaining resources such as ventilators for mechanical respiratory support, as has been the case in Italy as of March, 2020. The National Academy of Medicine has provided guidance on crisis standards of care, which call for the reallocation of scarce medical resources to those who will benefit most during extreme situations. Given that this will require a departure from the usual fiduciary duty of the bedside clinician, we determined and mapped potential barriers to the implementation of the guidelines from stakeholders using an implementation science framework. Methods: A protocol was created to operationalize national and state guidelines for triaging ventilators during crisis conditions. Focus groups and key informant interviews were conducted from July-September 2018 with clinicians at three acute care hospitals of an urban academic medical center. Respiratory therapists, intensivists, nursing leadership and the palliative care interdisciplinary team participated in focus groups. Key informant interviews were conducted with emergency management, respiratory therapy and emergency medicine. Subjects were presented the protocol and their reflections were elicited using a semi-structured interview guide. Data from transcripts and notes were categorized using a coding strategy based on the Theoretical Domains Framework. Results: Participants anticipated that implementing this protocol would challenge their roles and identities as clinicians including both their fiduciary duty to the patient and their decision-making autonomy. Despite this, many participants acknowledged the need for such a protocol to standardize care and minimize bias as well as to mitigate potential consequences for individual clinicians. Participants identified the question of considering patient quality of life in triage decisions as an important and unresolved ethical issue in disaster triage. Conclusion: Clinicians' discomfort with shifting roles and obligations could pose implementation barriers for crisis standards of care."}, {"pmid": 32281368, "title": "War on Terror Cells: Strategies to Eradicate \"Novel Coronavirus\" Effectively.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah", "Khan, Naveed Ahmed"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281368", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Brain-eating amoebae are known to harbor a plethora of viral, bacterial, protozoal, and fungal pathogens and safeguard these pathogens against disinfectants. Due to their ubiquitous distribution in the environment and their status as the trojan horse of the microbial world, amoebae can provide novel coronavirus a means to susceptible hosts and possible transmission to the central nervous system. Here, we hypothesize that pursuing the host that harbor \"terror cells\" is a valuable approach in eradicating novel coronavirus in affected communities."}, {"pmid": 32356096, "pmcid": "PMC7192057", "title": "A plea for unification of surgical guidelines in the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Hernia", "authors": ["East, B", "Kaufmann, R", "de Beaux, A C"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356096", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374715, "title": "A Canadian framework for managing prostate cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: Recommendations from the Canadian Urologic Oncology Group and the Canadian Urological Association.", "journal": "Can Urol Assoc J", "authors": ["Kokorovic, Andrea", "So, Alan I", "Hotte, Sebastien J", "Black, Peter C", "Danielson, Brita", "Emmenegger, Urban", "Finelli, Antonio", "Niazi, Tamim", "Pouliot, Frederic", "Shayegan, Bobby", "Sridhar, Srikala", "Vigneault, Eric", "Loblaw, Andrew", "Rendon, Ricardo A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374715", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383530, "pmcid": "PMC7267365", "title": "Cognitive-behavioral therapy in the time of coronavirus: Clinician tips for working with eating disorders via telehealth when face-to-face meetings are not possible.", "journal": "Int J Eat Disord", "authors": ["Waller, Glenn", "Pugh, Matthew", "Mulkens, Sandra", "Moore, Elana", "Mountford, Victoria A", "Carter, Jacqueline", "Wicksteed, Amy", "Maharaj, Aryel", "Wade, Tracey D", "Wisniewski, Lucene", "Farrell, Nicholas R", "Raykos, Bronwyn", "Jorgensen, Susanne", "Evans, Jane", "Thomas, Jennifer J", "Osenk, Ivana", "Paddock, Carolyn", "Bohrer, Brittany", "Anderson, Kristen", "Turner, Hannah", "Hildebrandt, Tom", "Xanidis, Nikos", "Smit, Vera"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383530", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic has led to a dramatically different way of working for many therapists working with eating disorders, where telehealth has suddenly become the norm. However, many clinicians feel ill equipped to deliver therapy via telehealth, while adhering to evidence-based interventions. This article draws together clinician experiences of the issues that should be attended to, and how to address them within a telehealth framework. Seventy clinical colleagues of the authors were emailed and invited to share their concerns online about how to deliver cognitive-behavioral therapy for eating disorders (CBT-ED) via telehealth, and how to adapt clinical practice to deal with the problems that they and others had encountered. After 96\u2009hr, all the suggestions that had been shared by 22 clinicians were collated to provide timely advice for other clinicians. A range of themes emerged from the online discussion. A large proportion were general clinical and practical domains (patient and therapist concerns about telehealth; technical issues in implementing telehealth; changes in the environment), but there were also specific considerations and clinical recommendations about the delivery of CBT-ED methods. Through interaction and sharing of ideas, clinicians across the world produced a substantial number of recommendations about how to use telehealth to work with people with eating disorders while remaining on track with evidence-based practice. These are shared to assist clinicians over the period of changed practice."}, {"pmid": 32407669, "pmcid": "PMC7196896", "title": "Heightened Innate Immune Responses in the Respiratory Tract of COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Zhou, Zhuo", "Ren, Lili", "Zhang, Li", "Zhong, Jiaxin", "Xiao, Yan", "Jia, Zhilong", "Guo, Li", "Yang, Jing", "Wang, Chun", "Jiang, Shuai", "Yang, Donghong", "Zhang, Guoliang", "Li, Hongru", "Chen, Fuhui", "Xu, Yu", "Chen, Mingwei", "Gao, Zhancheng", "Yang, Jian", "Dong, Jie", "Liu, Bo", "Zhang, Xiannian", "Wang, Weidong", "He, Kunlun", "Jin, Qi", "Li, Mingkun", "Wang, Jianwei"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407669", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreaks of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection have posed a severe threat to global public health. It is unclear how the human immune system responds to this infection. Here, we used metatranscriptomic sequencing to profile immune signatures in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of eight COVID-19 cases. The expression of proinflammatory genes, especially chemokines, was markedly elevated in COVID-19 cases compared to community-acquired pneumonia patients and healthy controls, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes hypercytokinemia. Compared to SARS-CoV, which is thought to induce inadequate interferon (IFN) responses, SARS-CoV-2 robustly triggered expression of numerous IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). These ISGs exhibit immunopathogenic potential, with overrepresentation of genes involved in inflammation. The transcriptome data was also used to estimate immune cell populations, revealing increases in activated dendritic cells and neutrophils. Collectively, these host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection could further our understanding of disease pathogenesis and point toward antiviral strategies."}, {"pmid": 32303026, "title": "Impact of Human Disasters and COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health: Potential of Digital Psychiatry.", "journal": "Psychiatr Danub", "authors": ["Cosic, Kresimir", "Popovic, Sinisa", "Sarlija, Marko", "Kesedzic, Ivan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303026", "countries": ["Croatia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Deep emotional traumas in societies overwhelmed by large-scale human disasters, like, global pandemic diseases, natural disasters, man-made tragedies, war conflicts, social crises, etc., can cause massive stress-related disorders. Motivated by the ongoing global coronavirus pandemic, the article provides an overview of scientific evidence regarding adverse impact of diverse human disasters on mental health in afflicted groups and societies. Following this broader context, psychosocial impact of COVID-19 as a specific global human disaster is presented, with an emphasis on disturbing mental health aspects of the ongoing pandemic. Limited resources of mental health services in a number of countries around the world are illustrated, which will be further stretched by the forthcoming increase in demand for mental health services due to the global COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health challenges are particularly important for the Republic of Croatia in the current situation, due to disturbing stress of the 2020 Zagreb earthquake and the high pre-pandemic prevalence of chronic Homeland-War-related posttraumatic stress disorders. Comprehensive approach based on digital psychiatry is proposed to address the lack of access to psychiatric services, which includes artificial intelligence, telepsychiatry and an array of new technologies, like internet-based computer-aided mental health tools and services. These tools and means should be utilized as an important part of the whole package of measures to mitigate negative mental health effects of the global coronavirus pandemic. Our scientific and engineering experiences in the design and development of digital tools and means in mitigation of stress-related disorders and assessment of stress resilience are presented. Croatian initiative on enhancement of interdisciplinary research of psychiatrists, psychologists and computer scientists on the national and EU level is important in addressing pressing mental health concerns related to the ongoing pandemic and similar human disasters."}, {"pmid": 32496395, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic and Lacrimal Practice: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Nasal Endoscopy and Dacryoendoscopy.", "journal": "Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg", "authors": ["Ali, Mohammad Javed"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496395", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350542, "title": "Beyond acute care: Why collaborative self-management should be an essential part of rehabilitation pathways for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Wainwright, Thomas W", "Low, Matthew"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350542", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516274, "title": "Prone Positioning for Pregnant Women With Hypoxemia Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Tolcher, Mary Catherine", "McKinney, Jennifer R", "Eppes, Catherine S", "Muigai, David", "Shamshirsaz, Amir", "Guntupalli, Kalpalatha K", "Nates, Joseph L"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516274", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted expanded use of prone positioning for refractory hypoxemia. Clinical trials have demonstrated beneficial effects of early prone positioning for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including decreased mortality. However, pregnant women were excluded from these trials. To address the need for low-cost, low-harm interventions in the face of a widespread viral syndrome wherein hypoxemia predominates, we developed an algorithm for prone positioning of both intubated and nonintubated pregnant women. This algorithm may be appropriate for a wide spectrum of hypoxemia severity among pregnant women. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is responsible for the clinical manifestations of COVID-19. This syndrome can manifest as severe pneumonia complicated by hypoxemia and ARDS. Given the current global COVID-19 pandemic, with a large number of ARDS cases, there is renewed interest in the use of prone positioning to improve oxygenation in moderate or severe hypoxemia. Among the populations who can benefit from prone positioning are pregnant women experiencing severe respiratory distress, as long as the physiologic changes and risks of pregnancy are taken into account."}, {"pmid": 32220929, "title": "Guidance needed for singlehanded GPs to deal with covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Dowd, Adrian"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220929", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372821, "pmcid": "PMC7194965", "title": "Crisis hits end-of-life care.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Wilson, Clare"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372821", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The covid-19 pandemic has encouraged more people to make advance treatment decisions relating to CPR and ventilation, reports Clare Wilson."}, {"pmid": 32483014, "title": "MCAT Testing During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Michalec, Barret"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483014", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336583, "pmcid": "PMC7156950", "title": "Redesigning emergency department operations amidst a viral pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Whiteside, Tess", "Kane, Erin", "Aljohani, Bandar", "Alsamman, Marya", "Pourmand, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336583", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As shown by the current COVID-19 pandemic, emergency departments (ED) are the front line for hospital-and-community-based care during viral respiratory disease outbreaks. As such, EDs must be able to reorganize and reformat operations to meet the changing needs and staggering patient volume. This paper addresses ways to adapt departmental operations to better manage in times of elevated disease burden, specifically identifying areas of intervention to help limit crowding and spread. Using experience from past outbreaks and the current COVID-19 pandemic, we advise strategies to increase surge capacity and limit patient inflow. Triage should identify and geographically cohort symptomatic patients within a designated unit to limit exposure early in an outbreak. Screening and PPE guidelines for both patient and staff should be followed closely, as determined by hospital administration and the CDC. Equipment needs are also greatly affected in an outbreak; we emphasis portable radiographic equipment to limit transport, and an upstocking of certain medications, respiratory supplies, and PPE."}, {"pmid": 32420942, "title": "COVID19: potential cardiovascular issues in pediatric patients.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Bertoncelli, Deborah", "Guidarini, Marta", "Della Greca, Anna", "Ratti, Chiara", "Falcinella, Francesca", "Iovane, Brunella", "Dutto, Mauro Luigi", "Caffarelli, Carlo", "Tchana, Bertrand"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420942", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV 2) has rapidly spread worldwide with increasing hospitalization and mortality rate. Ongoing studies and accumulated data are de- tailing the features and the effects of the new coronavirus disease 19 (COVID 19) in the adult population, and cardiovascular involvement is emerging as the most significant and life-threatening complication, with an in- creased risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with underlying cardiovascular disease. At present, though the limited data on the effects of COVID 19 in pediatric patients, children seem to count for a little proportion of SARS-COV 2 infection, and present with less severe disease and effects However infants and toddlers are at risk of developing critical course. The disease has a range of clinical presentations in children, for which the potential need for further investigation of myocardial injury and cardiovascular issues should be kept in mind to avoid misdiagnosing severe clinical entities. Overlapping with Kawasaki disease is a concern, particularly the incomplete and atypical form. We aim to summarize the initial considerations and potential cardiovascular implications of COVID-19 for children and patients with congenital heart disease."}, {"pmid": 32505918, "title": "Media use and acute psychological outcomes during COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "J Anxiety Disord", "authors": ["Chao, Miao", "Xue, Dini", "Liu, Tour", "Yang, Haibo", "Hall, Brian J"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505918", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak in China led to an extraordinary threat to public health and wellbeing. This study examined the psychological impact of media use among people indirectly exposed to the disease during the initial phase of the outbreak. We conducted an internet-based survey on January 28, 2020 (one week after the official declaration of person-to-person transmission of the coronavirus). Media use (media forms, content of media exposure, and media engagement) related to the outbreak and psychological outcomes (positive and negative affect, anxiety, depression, and stress) of 917 Chinese adults was assessed. A series of multivariable regressions were conducted. The results showed that use of new media, rather than traditional media, was significantly associated with more negative affect, depression, anxiety, and stress. Viewing stressful content (i.e., severity of the outbreak, reports from hospital) was associated with more negative affect and depression. Media engagement was also associated with more negative affect, anxiety, and stress. However, viewing heroic acts, speeches from experts, and knowledge of the disease and prevention were associated with more positive affect and less depression. The study suggested new media use and more media engagement was associated with negative psychological outcomes, while certain media content was associated with positive psychological impact. The present study highlights the need for timely public health communication from official sources and suggests that reduced exposure to new media may be beneficial."}, {"pmid": 32321000, "pmcid": "PMC7179993", "title": "The new coronavirus and the risk to children's health.", "journal": "Rev Lat Am Enfermagem", "authors": ["Vilelas, Jose Manuel da Silva"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321000", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224116, "pmcid": "PMC7138153", "title": "Do children need a longer time to shed SARS-CoV-2 in stool than adults?", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Ma, Xiang", "Su, Liang", "Zhang, Yunkui", "Zhang, Xiuzhen", "Gai, Zhongtao", "Zhang, Zhongfa"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224116", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 can be shed in the stool of patients in the recovery phase. Children show a longer shedding time than adults. We analyzed the possible causes of this finding and recommend that a negative stool sample be included in a patient's discharge criteria."}, {"pmid": 32445201, "title": "SARS-CoV-2-associated Guillain-Barre syndrome with dysautonomia.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Su, Xiaowei W", "Palka, Sydney V", "Rao, Rahul R", "Chen, Fred S", "Brackney, Christopher R", "Cambi, Franca"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445201", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319519, "pmcid": "PMC7188140", "title": "Transmission potential of asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections: a three-family cluster study in China.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jiang, Xiao-Lin", "Zhang, Xiao-Li", "Zhao, Xiang-Na", "Li, Cun-Bao", "Lei, Jie", "Kou, Zeng-Qiang", "Sun, Wen-Kui", "Hang, Yang", "Gao, Feng", "Ji, Sheng-Xiang", "Lin, Can-Fang", "Pang, Bo", "Yao, Ming-Xiao", "Anderson, Benjamin D", "Wang, Guo-Lin", "Yao, Lin", "Duan, Li-Jun", "Kang, Dian-Ming", "Ma, Mai-Juan"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319519", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data concerning the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic patients are lacking. We report a 3-family cluster of infections involving asymptomatic and paucisymptomatic transmission. Eight of 15 (53%) members from 3 families were confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of 8 patients, 3 were asymptomatic and 1 was paucisymptomatic. An asymptomatic mother transmitted the virus to her son, and a paucisymptomatic father transmitted the virus to his 3-month-old daughter. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the environment of 1 household. The complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the patients were >\u200999.9% identical and were clustered with other SARS-CoV-2 sequences reported from China and other countries."}, {"pmid": 32292319, "pmcid": "PMC7105962", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): we shall overcome.", "journal": "Clean Technol Environ Policy", "authors": ["Bandyopadhyay, Santanu"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292319", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381538, "title": "Stroke Health Care Use and COVID-19.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Derraz, I"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435822, "pmcid": "PMC7237613", "title": "Incidence of pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Rech, Tatiana Helena", "Girardi, Adriana Muradas", "Gazzana, Marcelo Basso"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435822", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398889, "pmcid": "PMC7214293", "title": "Epidemiological studies on COVID-19 pandemic in India: Too little and too late?", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Gandhi P, Aravind", "Kathirvel, Soundappan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398889", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32193174, "title": "Partha Kar: Covid-19-we must keep faith in our experts.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kar, Partha"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193174", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505742, "title": "Gastrointestinal symptoms as a major presentation component of a novel multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) that is related to COVID-19: a single center experience of 44 cases.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Miller, Jonathan", "Cantor, Amanda", "Zachariah, Philip", "Ahn, Danielle", "Martinez, Mercedes", "Margolis, Kara"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505742", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414525, "pmcid": "PMC7207112", "title": "COVID-19 in healthcare workers.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Pruc, Michal", "Golik, Dawid", "Szarpak, Lukasz", "Adam, Ishag", "Smereka, Jacek"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414525", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387019, "pmcid": "PMC7165092", "title": "Fellowship Training in Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology: Navigating the New Educational Landscape as a Result of the Coronavirus Crisis.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Al-Ghofaily, Lourdes", "Feinman, Jared W", "Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387019", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304139, "pmcid": "PMC7235517", "title": "Progress and Concept for COVID-19 Vaccine Development.", "journal": "Biotechnol J", "authors": ["Wu, Suh-Chin"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304139", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458279, "pmcid": "PMC7250281", "title": "Remdesivir for Treatment of COVID-19: Combination of Pulmonary and IV Administration May Offer Aditional Benefit.", "journal": "AAPS J", "authors": ["Sun, Duxin"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458279", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Remdesivir is one of the most promising drugs to treat COVID-19 based on the following facts: remdesivir has a broad-spectrum antiviral mechanism of action; it demonstrated in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2 and in vivo efficacy in animal models against the similar coronavirus MERS-CoV; its safety profile has been tested in Ebola patients and in compassionate use in COVID-19 patients. Currently, remdesivir is being investigated in ten randomized controlled trials against COVID-19. The dose regimen of remdesivir is an IV loading dose of 200\u00a0mg on day 1 followed by daily IV maintenance doses of 100\u00a0mg for 5-9\u00a0days. Based on our data analysis, however, remdesivir with IV administration alone is unlikely to achieve excellent clinical efficacy. This analysis is based on the following observations: plasma exposures of remdesivir and its active metabolite are unlikely to be correlated with its clinical efficacy; remdesivir and its active metabolites are unlikely to be adequate in the lung to kill the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Even if remdesivir demonstrates benefits in the current randomized controlled trials, its efficacy may be limited. We suggest that a combination of an IV and pulmonary delivery dose regimen should be studied immediately to realize a potentially more effective antiviral therapy against COVID-19. Graphical abstract."}, {"pmid": 32241815, "title": "Covid-19: Rules on sharing confidential patient information are relaxed in England.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Clare"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241815", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473831, "pmcid": "PMC7198136", "title": "Small bowel ischemia and SARS-CoV-2 infection: an underdiagnosed distinct clinical entity.", "journal": "Surgery", "authors": ["Ignat, Mihaela", "Philouze, Guillaume", "Aussenac-Belle, Lucie", "Faucher, Vanina", "Collange, Olivier", "Mutter, Didier", "Pessaux, Patrick"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473831", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522815, "title": "Risks to children during the covid-19 pandemic: some essential epidemiology.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bhopal, Sunil S", "Bagaria, Jayshree", "Bhopal, Raj"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522815", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402996, "pmcid": "PMC7182517", "title": "Thrombotic complications of patients admitted to intensive care with COVID-19 at a teaching hospital in the United Kingdom.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Thomas, W", "Varley, J", "Johnston, A", "Symington, E", "Robinson, M", "Sheares, K", "Lavinio, A", "Besser, M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402996", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360622, "title": "Comment on Melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment for COVID-19.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Herrera, Emilio A", "Gonzalez-Candia, Alejandro"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360622", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356698, "pmcid": "PMC7231661", "title": "Quality improvement in the time of coronavirus disease 2019 - A change strategy well suited to pandemic response.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Mondoux, Shawn", "Thull-Freedman, Jennifer", "Dowling, Shawn", "Gardner, Katie", "Taher, Ahmed", "Gupta, Rakesh", "Trivedi, Sachin", "Lindsay, Heather", "Finlayson, Annie", "Berthelot, Simon", "Kwok, Edmund", "Chartier, Lucas"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356698", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474397, "pmcid": "PMC7187811", "title": "Venous thromboembolism and COVID-19.", "journal": "Respir Med Res", "authors": ["Bertoletti, L", "Couturaud, F", "Montani, D", "Parent, F", "Sanchez, O"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474397", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199864, "pmcid": "PMC7129773", "title": "Clinical characteristics of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in newborns, infants and children.", "journal": "Pediatr Neonatol", "authors": ["Hong, Hao", "Wang, Yuan", "Chung, Hung-Tao", "Chen, Chih-Jung"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199864", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441125, "title": "Time-Out Protocol to Ensure Understanding and Implementation of the Storm of Instructions and Protocols During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Med Qual", "authors": ["Kobo-Greenhut, Ayala", "Arad, Jakob", "Levi-Hevroni, Bar Osher Revital", "Ben Shlomo, Izhar"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441125", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504509, "title": "[How Acta Medica Portuguesa Adjusted to Pandemic Times].", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Villanueva, Tiago", "Donato, Helena", "Escada, Pedro", "Sousa, Carla", "Matos, Rui", "Reis, Miguel"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504509", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220310, "pmcid": "PMC7194821", "title": "A Genomic Perspective on the Origin and Emergence of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Zhang, Yong-Zhen", "Holmes, Edward C"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220310", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of a new human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has generated enormous global concern. We and others in China were involved in the initial genome sequencing of the virus. Herein, we describe what genomic data reveal about the emergence SARS-CoV-2 and discuss the gaps in our understanding of its origins."}, {"pmid": 32345000, "title": "Urgent appeal to minimize community health impacts of COVID-19.", "journal": "Epidemiol Health", "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345000", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428080, "title": "Vulnerability to severe forms of COVID-19: an intra-municipal analysis in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Santos, Jefferson Pereira Caldas Dos", "Siqueira, Alexandre San Pedro", "Praca, Heitor Levy Ferreira", "Albuquerque, Hermano Gomes"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428080", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic and the limited tools for orienting interventions in surveillance, control, and clinical care, the current article aims to identify areas with greater vulnerability to severe cases of the disease in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, a city characterized by huge social and spatial heterogeneity. In order to identify these areas, the authors prepared an index of vulnerability to severe cases of COVID-19 based on the construction, weighting, and integration of three levels of information: mean number of residents per household and density of persons 60 years or older (both per census tract) and neighborhood tuberculosis incidence rate in the year 2018. The data on residents per household and density of persons 60 years or older were obtained from the 2010 Population Census, and data on tuberculosis incidence were taken from the Brazilian Information System for Notificable Diseases (SINAN). Weighting of the indicators comprising the index used analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the levels of information were integrated via weighted linear combination with map algebra. Spatialization of the index of vulnerability to severe COVID-19 in the city of Rio de Janeiro reveals the existence of more vulnerable areas in different parts of the city's territory, reflecting its urban complexity. The areas with greatest vulnerability are located in the North and West Zones of the city and in poor neighborhoods nested within upper-income parts of the South and West Zones. Understanding these conditions of vulnerability can facilitate the development of strategies to monitor the evolution of COVID-19 and orient measures for prevention and health promotion."}, {"pmid": 32358180, "title": "ABNM: Helping Diplomates and Trainees During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Gordon, Leonie"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358180", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383276, "title": "Chronic myeloid leukaemia and the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the days of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Eskazan, Ahmet Emre"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383276", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277023, "title": "A Method To Prevent SARS-CoV-2 IgM False Positives in Gold Immunochromatography and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Wang, Qiang", "Du, Qin", "Guo, Bin", "Mu, Daiyong", "Lu, Xiaolan", "Ma, Qiang", "Guo, Yangliu", "Fang, Li", "Zhang, Bing", "Zhang, Guoyuan", "Guo, Xiaolan"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277023", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We set out to investigate the interference factors that led to false-positive novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgM detection results using gold immunochromatography assay (GICA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the corresponding solutions. GICA and ELISA were used to detect SARS-CoV-2 IgM in 86 serum samples, including 5 influenza A virus (Flu A) IgM-positive sera, 5 influenza B virus (Flu B) IgM-positive sera, 5 Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM-positive sera, 5 Legionella pneumophila IgM-positive sera, 6 sera of HIV infection patients, 36 rheumatoid factor IgM (RF-IgM)-positive sera, 5 sera from hypertensive patients, 5 sera from diabetes mellitus patients, and 14 sera from novel coronavirus infection disease 19 (COVID-19) patients. The interference factors causing false-positive reactivity with the two methods were analyzed, and the urea dissociation test was employed to dissociate the SARS-CoV-2 IgM-positive serum using the best dissociation concentration. The two methods detected positive SARS-CoV-2 IgM in 22 mid-to-high-level-RF-IgM-positive sera and 14 sera from COVID-19 patients; the other 50 sera were negative. At a urea dissociation concentration of 6\u2009mol/liter, SARS-CoV-2 IgM results were positive in 1 mid-to-high-level-RF-IgM-positive serum and in 14 COVID-19 patient sera detected using GICA. At a urea dissociation concentration of 4\u2009mol/liter and with affinity index (AI) levels lower than 0.371 set to negative, SARS-CoV-2 IgM results were positive in 3 mid-to-high-level-RF-IgM-positive sera and in 14 COVID-19 patient sera detected using ELISA. The presence of RF-IgM at mid-to-high levels could lead to false-positive reactivity of SARS-CoV-2 IgM detected using GICA and ELISA, and urea dissociation tests would be helpful in reducing SARS-CoV-2 IgM false-positive results."}, {"pmid": 32387494, "pmcid": "PMC7201226", "title": "Striving to protect patients and healthcare professionals in endoscopy units during pandemics: from SARS to COVID-19.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Lui, Rashid N", "Tang, Raymond Sy", "Chiu, Philip Wy"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387494", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333518, "pmcid": "PMC7267504", "title": "Two cases of COVID-19 with positive salivary and negative pharyngeal or respiratory swabs at hospital discharge: A rising concern.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Azzi, Lorenzo", "Carcano, Giulio", "Dalla Gasperina, Daniella", "Sessa, Fausto", "Maurino, Vittorio", "Baj, Andreina"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333518", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report two cases of COVID-19 showing negative respiratory swabs but positive salivary samples at the same time. These findings rise the concern about how to manage these patients before hospital discharging, thus avoiding contagion among their family members or a second coronavirus wave once the lockdown is over."}, {"pmid": 32367739, "title": "Outbreak dynamics of COVID-19 in Europe and the effect of travel restrictions.", "journal": "Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin", "authors": ["Linka, Kevin", "Peirlinck, Mathias", "Sahli Costabal, Francisco", "Kuhl, Ellen"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367739", "countries": ["France", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For the first time in history, on March 17, 2020, the European Union closed all its external borders in an attempt to contain the spreading of the coronavirus 2019, COVID-19. Throughout two past months, governments around the world have implemented massive travel restrictions and border control to mitigate the outbreak of this global pandemic. However, the precise effects of travel restrictions on the outbreak dynamics of COVID-19 remain unknown. Here we combine a global network mobility model with a local epidemiology model to simulate and predict the outbreak dynamics and outbreak control of COVID-19 across Europe. We correlate our mobility model to passenger air travel statistics and calibrate our epidemiology model using the number of reported COVID-19 cases for each country. Our simulations show that mobility networks of air travel can predict the emerging global diffusion pattern of a pandemic at the early stages of the outbreak. Our results suggest that an unconstrained mobility would have significantly accelerated the spreading of COVID-19, especially in Central Europe, Spain, and France. Ultimately, our network epidemiology model can inform political decision making and help identify exit strategies from current travel restrictions and total lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32501480, "title": "Continuation versus discontinuation of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers in COVID-19: effects on blood pressure control and mortality.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Cannata, Francesco", "Chiarito, Mauro", "Reimers, Bernhard", "Azzolini, Elena", "Ferrante, Giuseppe", "My, Ilaria", "Viggiani, Giacomo", "Panico, Cristina", "Regazzoli, Damiano", "Ciccarelli, Michele", "Voza, Antonio", "Aghemo, Alessio", "Li, Hongliang", "Wang, Yibin", "Condorelli, Gianluigi", "Stefanini, Giulio G"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501480", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416786, "pmcid": "PMC7255199", "title": "Hypertension, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition, and COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Williams, Bryan", "Zhang, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416786", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405839, "pmcid": "PMC7220613", "title": "[Prioritization of geriatric patients in care homes and residential homes in the context of the COVID pandemic].", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["Michels, Guido", "Heppner, Hans-Jurgen"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405839", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474123, "pmcid": "PMC7255744", "title": "COVID-19 and hand surgery.", "journal": "Hand Surg Rehabil", "authors": ["Yasri, S", "Wiwanitkit, V"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474123", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475012, "title": "Testing for SARS-CoV-2: the day the world turned its attention to the clinical laboratory.", "journal": "Clin Transl Sci", "authors": ["Zhao, Xuemei", "Markensohn, Julia F", "Wollensak, David A", "Laterza, Omar F"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475012", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the last few months, an unprecedented number of laboratory tests for COVID-19 have been developed at a remarkable speed. With the rapid adoption of these tests into clinical practice, combined with the widespread publicity they received, questions arose related to the different types of tests, their utility, performance, and regulatory approval status. The aim of this publication is to provide a general landscape of laboratory testing for COVID-19 and offer a historical and regulatory perspective associated with them. Specifically, we aim to elaborate on the regulatory complexities of diagnostic testing in the U.S. and its implications to the present outbreak, as well as provide a synopsis of laboratory tests that have been developed for COVID-19. We will first address the detection of Sars-Cov-2 directly by either nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) or by the detection of the viral protein for active infections. Subsequently, we will provide an overview of serological tests that can aid not only in diagnosis but additionally help to identify prior infections and potential immunity."}, {"pmid": 32441303, "title": "Placental Pathology in COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Shanes, Elisheva D", "Mithal, Leena B", "Otero, Sebastian", "Azad, Hooman A", "Miller, Emily S", "Goldstein, Jeffery A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441303", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe histopathologic findings in the placentas of women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy. Pregnant women with COVID-19 delivering between March 18, 2020, and May 5, 2020, were identified. Placentas were examined and compared to historical controls and women with placental evaluation for a history of melanoma. Sixteen placentas from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were examined (15 with live birth in the third trimester, 1 delivered in the second trimester after intrauterine fetal demise). Compared to controls, third trimester placentas were significantly more likely to show at least one feature of maternal vascular malperfusion (MVM), particularly abnormal or injured maternal vessels, and intervillous thrombi. Rates of acute and chronic inflammation were not increased.The placenta from the patient with intrauterine fetal demise showed villous edema and a retroplacental hematoma. Relative to controls, COVID-19 placentas show increased prevalence of decidual arteriopathy and other features of MVM, a pattern of placental injury reflecting abnormalities in oxygenation within the intervillous space associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Only 1 COVID-19 patient was hypertensive despite the association of MVM with hypertensive disorders and preeclampsia. These changes may reflect a systemic inflammatory or hypercoagulable state influencing placental physiology."}, {"pmid": 32516421, "title": "COVID-19 rehabilitation units are twice as expensive as regular rehabilitation units.", "journal": "J Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Iannaccone, Sandro", "Alemanno, Federica", "Houdayer, Elise", "Brugliera, Luigia", "Castellazzi, Paola", "Cianflone, Domenico", "Meloni, Carlo", "Ambrosio, Alberto", "Mortini, Pietro", "Spina, Alfio", "Filippi, Massimo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516421", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant motor, cognitive, psychological, neurological and cardiological disabilities in many infected patients. Functional rehabilitation of infectious COVID-19 patients has been implemented in the acute care wards and in appropriate, ad-hoc, multidisciplinary COVID-19 rehabilitation units. However, because COVID-19 rehabilitation units are a clinical novelty, clinical and organizational benchmarks are not yet available. The aim of this study is to describe the organizational needs and operational costs of such a unit, by comparing its activity, organization, and costs with 2 other functional rehabilitation units, in San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy. The 2-month activity of the COVID-19 Rehabilitation Unit at San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy, which was created in response to the emergency need for rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients, was compared with the previous year's activity of the Cardiac Rehabilitation and Motor Rehabilitation Units of the same institute. Results The COVID-19 Rehabilitation Unit had the same number of care beds as the other units, but required twice the amount of staff and instrumental equipment, leading to a deficit in costs. The COVID-19 Rehabilitation Unit was twice as expensive as the 2 other units studied. World health systems are organizing to respond to the pandemic by implementing acute intensive care and sub-intensive care units. This study shows that COVID-19 rehabilitation units must be organized following specific clinical and organizational needs."}, {"pmid": 32291244, "pmcid": "PMC7128943", "title": "Travel health risk perceptions of Chinese international students in Australia - Implications for COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Dis Health", "authors": ["Ma, Tara", "Heywood, Anita", "MacIntyre, C Raina"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291244", "countries": ["China", "Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "International students frequently return to their country of origin to visit friends and relatives (VFR), and are at increased risk of travel-associated infections. Little is known of their travel health seeking behaviours. China is the biggest source of international students studying in Australia and the unprecedented epidemic of COVID-19 in China makes this an important area of research. Focus groups of Chinese international students were conducted to explore travel health-related knowledge, attitudes and practices. Eligible participants were studying in Sydney, and had travelled to China and Hong Kong to visit friends and relatives in the preceding 18 months. A variety of topics were explored, using a focus group guide. Thematic analysis was undertaken on the transcripts using nVivo software. The list of codes and themes were not pre-determined but developed through content analysis. Two focus groups were held with a total of 28 participants. Risk perception about VFR travel was generally low among Chinese international students. Pre-travel healthcare was not sought. Students strongly relied on the Internet, social media, parents and friends in China for travel health advice. This research provides insights into Chinese international students as VFR travellers. It confirms students could be a risk population for importations of infections such as COVID-19 because of low risk perception and lack of seeking travel health advice. This can inform health promotion strategies for students."}, {"pmid": 32404480, "title": "Evaluation of a rapid diagnostic assay for detection of SARS CoV-2 antigen in nasopharyngeal swab.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Lambert-Niclot, Sidonie", "Cuffel, Alexis", "Le Pape, Samuel", "Vauloup-Fellous, Christelle", "Morand-Joubert, Laurence", "Roque-Afonso, Anne-Marie", "Le Goff, Jerome", "Delaugerre, Constance"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404480", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus causing causing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported for the first time in Wuhan (Hubei, China) in December 2019 (1, 2) and has become a major public health concern all over the world.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32500101, "pmcid": "PMC7261969", "title": "COVID-19 and telemedicine: A revolution in healthcare delivery is at hand.", "journal": "Health Sci Rep", "authors": ["Perrin, Paul B", "Pierce, Bradford S", "Elliott, Timothy R"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500101", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32061284, "pmcid": "PMC7133753", "title": "Africa prepares for coronavirus.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Makoni, Munyaradzi"], "date": "2020-02-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32061284", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32183864, "pmcid": "PMC7079436", "title": "Safe patient transport for COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Liew, Mei Fong", "Siow, Wen Ting", "Yau, Ying Wei", "See, Kay Choong"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32183864", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415658, "pmcid": "PMC7228429", "title": "Caring for Patients with Rectal Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gastrointest Surg", "authors": ["Skowron, Kinga B", "Hurst, Roger D", "Umanskiy, Konstantin", "Hyman, Neil H", "Shogan, Benjamin D"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415658", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The extraordinary spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has dramatically and rapidly changed the way in which we provide medical care for patients with all diagnoses. Conservation of resources, social distancing, and the risk of poor outcomes in COVID-19-positive cancer patients have forced practitioners and surgeons to completely rethink routine care. The treatment of patients with rectal cancer requires both a multidisciplinary approach and a significant amount of resources. It is therefore imperative to rethink how rectal cancer treatment can be aligned with the current COVID-19 pandemic paradigms. In this review, we discuss evidence-based recommendations to optimize oncological outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32430141, "pmcid": "PMC7211632", "title": "[Gynecologic surgery in the era of COVID-19 - Recommendations for deconfinement].", "journal": "Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol", "authors": ["Canis, M", "Descamps, P", "Dubernard, G", "Estrade, J-P", "Mourtialon, P", "Fernandez, H"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430141", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457134, "title": "Use of an antiviral filter attached to a pleural drain bottle to prevent aerosol contamination with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Akhtar, Mohammed R", "Ricketts, William", "Fotheringham, Tim"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457134", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pneumothoraces (1%) and pleural effusions (5%) are two of the less common complications of infection with COVID-19. Following a referral for a pleural drain insertion for a pneumothorax in a patient with COVID-19, we reassessed the infection risks involved in this procedure and its aftercare. Pleural drainage tubes attached to an underwater seal drain allow expulsion of aerosol and larger droplets via the vent from the bottle into the surrounding environment, potentially leading to infection of other patients and staff.Consequently, we chose to attach an antiviral filter to the venting port of an underwater seal drain bottle to mitigate this risk. A fluorescein dye experiment was used to demonstrate the reduction in aerosol emission output from the bottle with our described technique, allowing an antiviral filter to be attached to a pleural underwater seal drainage bottle for added protection of patients and staff in the local environment."}, {"pmid": 32416014, "title": "A targeted response to the COVID-19 pandemic: analysing effectiveness of remote consultations for triage and management of routine dermatology referrals.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Corden, E", "Rogers, A", "Woo, W A", "Simmonds, R", "Mitchell, C"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416014", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New patient referrals from primary care into dermatology services usually enter via one of three routes: (i) 2 week wait for suspected serious skin malignancies, (ii) routine non-urgent cases and (iii) emergency referrals (via an on call service). All these patients are assessed via a face-to-face consultation, after various waiting times depending on their urgency."}, {"pmid": 32392647, "title": "Response to: Management of Traumatic Spinal Fracture in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Situation.", "journal": "Asian Spine J", "authors": ["Liawrungrueang, Wongthawat", "Sornsa-Ard, Tuanrit", "Niramitsantiphong, Anugoon"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392647", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283241, "pmcid": "PMC7151252", "title": "Reply to: \"Biologics for psoriasis during COVID-19 outbreak\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Murrell, Dedee F", "Rivera-Oyola, Ryan", "Lebwohl, Mark"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283241", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360729, "pmcid": "PMC7187850", "title": "Postmortem Lung Findings in an Asthmatic Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Konopka, Kristine E", "Wilson, Allecia", "Myers, Jeffrey L"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360729", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Asthma is increasingly recognized as an underlying risk factor for severe respiratory disease in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), particularly in the United States. Here, we report the postmortem lung findings from a 37-year-old man with asthma, who met the clinical criteria for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and died of COVID-19 less than 2\u00a0weeks after presentation to the hospital. His lungs showed mucus plugging and other histologic changes attributable to asthma, as well as early diffuse alveolar damage and a fibrinous pneumonia. The presence of diffuse alveolar damage is similar to descriptions of autopsy lung findings from patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and the absence of a neutrophil-rich acute bronchopneumonia differs from the histologic changes typical of influenza. The relative contribution of mucus plugging to his hypoxemia is unknown."}, {"pmid": 32346862, "title": "Inhaled NO and COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Ignarro, Louis J"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346862", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435961, "pmcid": "PMC7238959", "title": "SAGES primer for taking care of yourself during and after the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Surg Endosc", "authors": ["Dort, Jonathan", "Romanelli, John", "Choudhury, Nabajit", "Flink, Benjamin J", "Lak, Kathleen", "Levy, Shauna", "Needleman, Bradley J", "Paget, Charles J 3rd", "Telem, Dana", "Schwarz, Erin", "Zhang, Linda P", "Sylla, Patricia", "Mellinger, John D", "Matthews, Brent D", "Feldman, Liane", "Pryor, Aurora D", "Asbun, Horacio J"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435961", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a pandemic which has affected almost every aspect of our life since starting globally in November 2019. Given the rapidity of spread and inadequate time to prepare for record numbers of sick patients, our surgical community faces an unforeseen challenge. SAGES is committed to the protection and care of patients, their surgeons and staff, and all who are served by the medical community at large. This includes physical health, mental health, and well-being of all involved. The fear of the unknown ahead can be paralyzing. International news media have chronicled the unthinkable situations that physicians and other health care providers have been thrust into as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. These situations include making life or death decisions for patients and their families regarding use of limited health care resources. It includes caring for patients with quickly deteriorating conditions and limited treatments available. Until recently, these situations seemed far from home, and now they are in our own hospitals. As the pandemic broadened its reach, the reality that we as surgeons may be joining the front line is real. It may be happening to you now; it may be on the horizon in the coming weeks. In this context, SAGES put together this document addressing concerns on clinician stressors in these times of uncertainty. We chose to focus on the emotional toll of the situation on the clinician, protecting vulnerable persons, reckoning with social isolation, and promoting wellness during this crisis. At the same time, the last part of this document deals with the \"light at the end of the tunnel,\" discussing potential opportunities, lessons learned, and the positives that can come out of this crisis."}, {"pmid": 32489189, "title": "CoViD-19 and stress in the pandemic: \"sanity is not statistical\".", "journal": "Riv Psichiatr", "authors": ["Biondi, Massimo", "Iannitelli, Angela"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489189", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "CoViD-19 pandemic is causing serious consequences on mental health, consequences that are considered that bad that World Health Organization has affirmed that mental health defence is priority in this particular moment of development of pandemic. In light of this alertness, what we are interested in approaching in this work, is the specific stress condition caused by pandemic, which underlies and precedes the described classification of diseases and which is going towards an increase in the entire world, including . The stress caused by pandemic is a new condition in comparison with what is known in clinical practice and with what is included in the classification of mental disorder. The ongoing stress condition and the mixture of different types of unconventional stress, which not only hits the present but also disrupts the future, create an entirely new form of clinical condition given by pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32439312, "pmcid": "PMC7234941", "title": "Effects of the Global COVID-19 Pandemic on Early Childhood Development: Short- and Long-Term Risks and Mitigating Program and Policy Actions.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Yoshikawa, Hirokazu", "Wuermli, Alice J", "Britto, Pia Rebello", "Dreyer, Benard", "Leckman, James F", "Lye, Stephen J", "Ponguta, Liliana Angelica", "Richter, Linda M", "Stein, Alan"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439312", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360516, "pmcid": "PMC7189192", "title": "The first case of COVID-19 treated with the complement C3 inhibitor AMY-101.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Mastaglio, Sara", "Ruggeri, Annalisa", "Risitano, Antonio M", "Angelillo, Piera", "Yancopoulou, Despina", "Mastellos, Dimitrios C", "Huber-Lang, Markus", "Piemontese, Simona", "Assanelli, Andrea", "Garlanda, Cecilia", "Lambris, John D", "Ciceri, Fabio"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360516", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating clinical manifestation of COVID-19 pneumonia and is mainly based on an immune-driven pathology. Mounting evidence suggests that COVID-19 is fueled by a maladaptive host inflammatory response that involves excessive activation of innate immune pathways. While a \"cytokine storm\" involving IL-6 and other cytokines has been documented, complement C3 activation has been implicated as an initial effector mechanism that exacerbates lung injury in preclinical models of SARS-CoV infection. C3-targeted intervention may provide broader therapeutic control of complement-mediated inflammatory damage in COVID-19 patients. Herein, we report the clinical course of a patient with severe ARDS due to COVID-19 pneumonia who was safely and successfully treated with the compstatin-based complement C3 inhibitor AMY-101."}, {"pmid": 32422312, "pmcid": "PMC7227510", "title": "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 on high-touch surfaces in a clinical microbiology laboratory.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Bloise, I", "Gomez-Arroyo, B", "Garcia-Rodriguez, J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422312", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292219, "pmcid": "PMC7147856", "title": "Coronavirus pandemic and tourism: Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium modeling of infectious disease outbreak.", "journal": "Ann Tour Res", "authors": ["Yang, Yang", "Zhang, Hongru", "Chen, Xiang"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292219", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022We propose a DSGE model to examine the impact of the coronavirus outbreak on tourism.\u2022The model is generalizable to any epidemic.\u2022The model supports the policy of providing tourism consumption vouchers for residents."}, {"pmid": 32472808, "title": "Continuing Professional Development in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Contin Educ Health Prof", "authors": ["Kitto, Simon"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472808", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312572, "pmcid": "PMC7158783", "title": "Reducing droplet spread during airway manipulation: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic in Singapore.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Au Yong, Phui S", "Chen, Xuanxuan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312572", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450194, "pmcid": "PMC7242941", "title": "Adaptation of the 'Assembly Line' and 'Brick System' techniques for hospital resource management of personal protective equipment, as preparedness for mitigating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in a large public hospital in India.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Kumar, P", "Killedar, M", "Singh, G"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450194", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355131, "title": "Examining Inequities Associated With Changes in Obstetric and Gynecologic Care Delivery During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Onwuzurike, Chiamaka", "Meadows, Audra R", "Nour, Nawal M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355131", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a public health emergency requiring significant changes in obstetric and gynecologic health care delivery to minimize the risk of transmission to healthy patients and health care workers. Although these changes are necessary, they will differentially affect patients in a way that highlights and exacerbates existing inequities in health care access and outcomes. Socially vulnerable groups are already disproportionately affected by COVID-19 infection and more likely to experience severe morbidity and mortality. Some reasons for this include a limited ability to practice risk-reducing behaviors such as physical distancing, higher prevalence of chronic medical conditions, and less access to medical care. Additionally, the structural changes now taking place in health care delivery have negatively affected the ability of socially vulnerable groups to obtain necessary obstetric and gynecologic care, which may lead to poorer outcomes. As physician-leaders enact new policies to respond to the COVID-19 public health crisis, it is important to consider the potential for exacerbating existing health inequities and to be proactive in creating policies that promote equity."}, {"pmid": 32462676, "title": "Telemedicine in nursing homes during the COVID-19 outbreak: A star is born (again).", "journal": "Geriatr Gerontol Int", "authors": ["Cormi, Clement", "Chrusciel, Jan", "Laplanche, David", "Drame, Moustapha", "Sanchez, Stephane"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462676", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213507, "title": "Covid-19: a remote assessment in primary care.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Greenhalgh, Trisha", "Koh, Gerald Choon Huat", "Car, Josip"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213507", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500570, "title": "'Shielded' anaesthetists and intensivists during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Iliff, H A", "Simpson, K A", "Tomlinson, C R", "Webb, C M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500570", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483789, "title": "Why not use the Easybreath snorkeling mask to prevent COVID-19 transmission during endoscopy procedures when FFP2 are lacking?", "journal": "Endoscopy", "authors": ["Rivory, Jerome", "Beaugendre, Eric", "Yvon, Claire", "Ploteau, Frederic", "Condat, Bertrand", "Rostain, Florian", "Pioche, Mathieu"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483789", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32035429, "title": "[Recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children (first interim edition)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035429", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497493, "pmcid": "PMC7263809", "title": "Decolonising COVID-19: delaying external debt repayments.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Khan, Mishal", "Shanks, Sarah"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497493", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478950, "title": "Aerosol generating procedures, dysphagia assessment and COVID-19: A rapid review.", "journal": "Int J Lang Commun Disord", "authors": ["Bolton, Lee", "Mills, Claire", "Wallace, Sarah", "Brady, Marian C"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410723, "title": "Peribronchial Consolidation with Surrounding Ground-Glass Opacity in COVID-19 Pneumonia: 3D Reconstruction of a Chest Computed Tomography.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Cellina, Michaela", "Orsi, Marcello A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410723", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Peribronchial Consolidation with Surrounding Ground-Glass Opacity in COVID-19 Pneumonia: 3D Reconstruction of a Chest Computed Tomography."}, {"pmid": 32476022, "title": "Return to work guidelines for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Rueda-Garrido, Juan Carlos", "Vicente-Herrero, M feminine Teofila", "Del Campo, M feminine Teresa", "Reinoso-Barbero, Luis", "de la Hoz, Rafael E", "Delclos, George L", "Kales, Stefanos N", "Fernandez-Montero, Alejandro"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476022", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397275, "title": "Potential Role of Vitamin D in the Elderly to Resist COVID-19 and to Slow Progression of Parkinson's Disease.", "journal": "Brain Sci", "authors": ["Hribar, Casey A", "Cobbold, Peter H", "Church, Frank C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397275", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While we are still learning more about COVID-19, caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus, finding alternative and already available methods to reduce the risk and severity of the disease is paramount. One such option is vitamin D, in the form of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation, due to its potential antiviral properties. It has become apparent that older individuals have a greater risk of developing severe COVID-19, and compared to younger adults, the elderly have lower levels of vitamin D due to a variety of biological and behavioral factors. Older adults are also more likely to be diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD), with advanced age being the single greatest risk factor. In addition to its immune-system-modulating effects, it has been suggested that vitamin D supplementation plays a role in slowing PD progression and improving PD-related quality of life. We completed a review of the literature to determine the relationship between vitamin D, PD, and COVID-19. We concluded that the daily supplementation of 2000-5000 IU/day of vitamin D3 in older adults with PD has the potential to slow the progression of PD while also potentially offering additional protection against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32498490, "title": "Infection control of operating room and anesthesia for cesarean section during pandemic Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) outbreak in Daegu, the republic of Korea - 8 cases report.", "journal": "Korean J Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Oh, Jeongmin", "Kim, Eunju", "Kim, Hyunkyum", "Lee, Sang-Ah", "Lee, Kyeong Hee", "Yu, Mi Hyae", "An, Jihyun"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498490", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the Coronavirus diseases-19 (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, China, Korea has also been exposed to the virus. In Korea, COVID-19 screening guidelines have been established in each hospital, trying to prevent the spread of infection. A case of successful Cesarean section from confirmed mother has been reported, but there are no guidelines for suspected mothers. Cesarean section can be operated urgently without sufficient evaluations of the infection. Our hospital, located in Daegu, Korea, was designated as quarantine and delivery facility for suspected mother, and Cesarean section was done to seven suspected mothers and one confirmed mother. This case report suggests the guideline for infection control of surgery and anesthesia in emergent cesarean section of COVID-19 suspected mother by preparing operating room and protection strategy."}, {"pmid": 32311324, "pmcid": "PMC7164849", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis for COVID-19 contacts in India.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rathi, Sahaj", "Ish, Pranav", "Kalantri, Ashwini", "Kalantri, Shriprakash"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311324", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347359, "pmcid": "PMC7187669", "title": "Seeking and destroying the evils from the inside-translating cancer immunity to fight COVID-19.", "journal": "Cancer Immunol Immunother", "authors": ["Dong, Haidong"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347359", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247324, "pmcid": "PMC7270833", "title": "Global coalition to accelerate COVID-19 clinical research in resource-limited settings.", "journal": "Lancet", "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247324", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403009, "pmcid": "PMC7194071", "title": "Five-minute point-of-care testing for SARS-CoV-2: Not there yet.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Hogan, Catherine A", "Sahoo, Malaya K", "Huang, ChunHong", "Garamani, Natasha", "Stevens, Bryan", "Zehnder, James", "Pinsky, Benjamin A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403009", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497298, "title": "Pancreatic injury in the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a not-so-rare occurrence.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Bruno, Giuseppe", "Fabrizio, Claudia", "Santoro, Carmen Rita", "Buccoliero, Giovanni Battista"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497298", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite respiratory symptoms are typically found during the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), gastrointestinal manifestations are increasingly described. However, data regarding COVID-19-associated pancreatic injury are still limited, as well as the mechanisms underlying COVID-19 induced-pancreatic damage have not been completely clarified. Herein, we described pancreatic abnormalities in six (8.5%) out of 70 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in our unit from February 25, 2020 to May 10, 2020. We hypothesized that pancreatic damage may be associated with several factors including direct effect of SARS-CoV-2, inflammatory cascade, dehydration and multiple organ dysfunction. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32430898, "pmcid": "PMC7235973", "title": "When a nephrology ward becomes a COVID-19 ward: the Cremona experience.", "journal": "J Nephrol", "authors": ["Malberti, Fabio", "Pecchini, Paola", "Marchi, Gianluca", "Foramitti, Marina"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430898", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524253, "title": "mRNA Vaccines: Possible Tools to Combat SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Yi, Changhua", "Yi, Yongxiang", "Li, Junwei"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524253", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335697, "pmcid": "PMC7183254", "title": "Management of orthopaedic and traumatology patients during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in northern Italy.", "journal": "Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc", "authors": ["Randelli, Pietro Simone", "Compagnoni, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335697", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article aims to share northern Italy's experience in hospital re-organization and management of clinical pathways for traumatic and orthopaedic patients in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. Authors collected regional recommendations to re-organize the healthcare system during the initial weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic in March, 2020. The specific protocols implemented in an orthopaedic hospital, selected as a regional hub for minor trauma, are analyzed and described in this article. Two referral centres were identified as the hubs for minor trauma to reduce the risk of overload in general hospitals. These two centres have specific features: an emergency room, specialized orthopaedic surgeons for joint diseases and trauma surgeons on-call 24/7. Patients with trauma without the need for a multi-disciplinary approach or needing non-deferrable elective orthopaedic surgery were moved to these hospitals. Authors report the internal protocols of one of these centres. All elective surgery was stopped, outpatient clinics limited to emergencies and specific pathways, ward and operating theatre dedicated to COVID-19-positive patients were implemented. An oropharyngeal swab was performed in the emergency room for all patients needing to be admitted, and patients were moved to a specific ward with single rooms to wait for the results. Specific courses were organized to demonstrate the correct use of personal protection equipment (PPE). The structure of the orthopaedic hubs, and the internal protocols proposed, could help to improve the quality of assistance for patients with musculoskeletal disorders and reduce the risk of overload in general hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32340018, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Hemodialysis Patient.", "journal": "Blood Purif", "authors": ["Yuan, Hai", "Guo, E", "Gao, Zhao", "Hu, Fengqi", "Lu, Li"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340018", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There has been a global outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since December 2019. Here, we describe the case of a 49-year-old male undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (HD) who got infected with COVID-19 and our experience in performing HD for him. The patient's symptoms and lung imaging changes were atypical. However, his lymphocyte range decreased upon admission and the polymerase chain reaction of the pharyngeal swab for the -COVID-19 nucleic acid was positive. The patient developed respiratory failure and required mechanical ventilation 8\u00a0days after admission. In the end, he died from multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The difficulties in diagnosis, infection control, and treatment of COVID-19 in maintenance HD patients are discussed in this report."}, {"pmid": 32330569, "pmcid": "PMC7172783", "title": "Clinical microbiology laboratory adaptation to COVID-19 emergency: experience at a large teaching hospital in Rome, Italy.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Posteraro, B", "Marchetti, S", "Romano, L", "Santangelo, R", "Morandotti, G A", "Sanguinetti, M", "Cattani, P"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330569", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459675, "pmcid": "PMC7268839", "title": "Proposed Changes to the 2021 Residency Application Process in the Wake of COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Gabrielson, Andrew T", "Kohn, Jaden R", "Sparks, Hayley T", "Clifton, Marisa M", "Kohn, Taylor P"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459675", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unique challenges to the delivery of undergraduate medical education, particularly for current third-year medical students who are preparing to apply to residency. In mid-March, medical schools suspended all clinical rotations for the remainder of the 2019-2020 academic year. As such, third-year medical students may not be able to complete sufficient clinical experiences to make important career choices before they have to submit their residency applications. While the decision to suspend clinical rotations was necessary to protect students, specialty organizations and residency programs must mitigate the deficits in students' clinical education caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.In this Perspective, the authors identify potential challenges for third-year medical students and advocate for solutions to improve the residency application process for students and programs. First, they propose delaying the date that programs can access applicant data through the Electronic Residency Application Service, thereby affording students more time to complete clinical experiences, solidify their specialty decision, and strengthen their residency application. Second, the authors recommend a restriction on the number of visiting rotations that students are expected to complete to allow for a more equitable distribution of these important experiences. Third, they suggest that program directors from each specialty agree on a maximum number of applications per applicant (based on historical data) to curb an upsurge in applications that may stem from the unique circumstances created by COVID-19 without causing applicants undue stress. Lastly, the authors advocate that residency programs develop infrastructure to conduct video-based interviews and engage students through virtual networking events.Amidst the unique environment created by COVID-19, the authors urge governing bodies, specialty organizations, and residency programs to consider these recommendations to improve the efficiency and reduce the stress surrounding the 2021 Match."}, {"pmid": 32364117, "pmcid": "PMC7166024", "title": "A neurology department at a tertiary-level hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Grandas, F", "Garcia Dominguez, J M", "Diaz Otero, F"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364117", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212931, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Making Sense of Rumor and Fear.", "journal": "Med Anthropol", "authors": ["Ali, Inayat"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212931", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503800, "title": "Prone positioning in conscious patients on medical wards: A review of the evidence and its relevance to patients with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Chad, Thomas", "Sampson, Caroline"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503800", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medical teams continue to treat many patients with COVID-19 infection. This disease can result in profound hypoxaemia that may necessitate intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation in those who are critically ill. This intervention carries risk to both patients and healthcare workers and utilises significant hospital resource for prolonged periods. Simple, safe interventions that can be used before critical deterioration are highly desirable. The prone position in conscious non-ventilated patients with COVID-19 infection may improve oxygenation in the short term and defer or prevent the need for intubation in some. However, clinicians must be aware that there is a small evidence base for this intervention currently. This review sets out evidence regarding the use of this technique to aid the decision making of frontline staff."}, {"pmid": 32525747, "title": "An Analytical Perspective on Pandemic Recovery.", "journal": "Health Secur", "authors": ["Trump, Benjamin D", "Bridges, Todd S", "Cegan, Jeffrey C", "Cibulsky, Susan M", "Greer, Scott L", "Jarman, Holly", "Lafferty, Brandon J", "Surette, Melissa A", "Linkov, Igor"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525747", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After implementing restrictions to curb the spread of coronavirus, governments in the United States and around the world are trying to identify the path to social and economic recovery. The White House and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have published guidelines to assist US states, counties, and territories in planning these efforts. As the impact of the coronavirus pandemic has not been uniform, these central guidelines need to be translated into practice in ways that recognize variation among jurisdictions. We present a core methodology to assist governments in this task, presenting a case for appropriate actions at each stage of recovery based on scientific data and analysis. Specifically, 3 types of data are needed: data on the spread of disease should be analyzed alongside data on the overall health of the population and data on infrastructure-for example, the capacity of health systems. Local circumstances will produce different needs and present different setbacks, and governments may need to reinstate as well as relax restrictions. Transparent, defensible analysis can assist in making these decisions and communicating them to the public. In the absence of a widely administered vaccine, analysis remains one of our most important tools in addressing the coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32526077, "title": "Remote monitoring in clinical trials during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Transl Sci", "authors": ["Izmailova, Elena S", "Ellis, Robert", "Benko, Christopher"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526077", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly challenged the pharmaceutical industry to implement remote clinical trials. The industry's lack of extensive experience with remote measurements initiates multiple questions about how to select candidates for remote collection, their validity, and regulatory implications of moving certain assessments to a remote mode. We propose a decision tree for migration of clinic to remote assessments and highlight activities required to ensure that these measurements are valid, safe, and usable."}, {"pmid": 32294453, "pmcid": "PMC7151442", "title": "Current Resources for Evidence-Based Practice, May 2020.", "journal": "J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs", "authors": ["Bovbjerg, Marit L"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294453", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An extensive review of new resources to support the provision of evidence-based care for women and infants. The current column includes a discussion of a new National Academy of Medicine report on planned place of birth and implications during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and commentaries on reviews focused on anorectal sexually transmitted infections and feeding methods following cleft lip repair in infants."}, {"pmid": 32022836, "title": "2019 Novel Coronavirus-Important Information for Clinicians.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Del Rio, Carlos", "Malani, Preeti N"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32022836", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366161, "title": "Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Garavello, Werner", "Galluzzi, Francesca"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366161", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295811, "title": "EMA advice on renin-angiotensin system medicines during covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Drug Ther Bull", "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295811", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Every month, DTB scans sources of information on treatments, disease management and other healthcare topics for key items to bring to our readers' attention and help them keep up to date. To do this, we produce succinct, contextualised summaries of the information concerned."}, {"pmid": 32499385, "title": "NSAIDs for analgesia in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Herzberg, Daniel L", "Sukumaran, Harry P", "Viscusi, Eugene"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499385", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Globally, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are highly used to treat pain. With the rise of the COVID-19 pandemic, the safety of NSAIDs use has been called into question. These concerns are worthy of review. At present, there is no compelling data showing that NSAIDs worsen the severity of COVID-19 symptoms or increase one's likelihood of contracting the illness. For patients in pain and without symptoms that could potentially be attributed to COVID-19 (cough, fevers/chills, lethargy, myalgias, anosmia and so on), NSAIDs should continue to remain a viable option to provide analgesia to patients in need."}, {"pmid": 32266822, "pmcid": "PMC7200871", "title": "Call for Papers: The Pathophysiology of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Morty, Rory E", "Ziebuhr, John"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266822", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516124, "title": "Colon cancer during the coronavirus pandemic - recovery from COVID-19 pneumonia of an elderly woman with multiple co-morbidities", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Pordany, Balint", "Herczeg, Gyorgy", "Mate, Miklos"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516124", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, caused by the new coronavirus, can lead to acute respiratory failure or even sepsis. Patients with multiple co-morbidities are more likely to develop these severe forms of the disease. The aim of this report is to highlight cases the analysis of which might help discover factors that influence the course and mortality of COVID-19 pneumonia. The past medical history of our elderly patient (75-year-old female) includes rectum resection with intraoperative cardiac arrest and successful resuscitation. In January 2020, the patient was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon and concomittant pulmonary embolism. Following 6 weeks of therapeutic dose low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) treatment, the cancerous colonic section was resected. The patient arrested intraoperatively but was successfully resuscitated. On post-operative day 15, the patient developed arterial anastomosis bleed, which necessitated acute right-sided hemicolectomy. Post-operatively she became pyrexial and COVID-19 was confirmed, but later became apyrexial with symptomatic treatment. Subsequently, the patient developed partial anastomosis insufficiency, which resolved with conservative management. Following three negative SARS-CoV-2 tests, she was successfully discharged from hospital. It is worthy of note that due to the active anastomosis bleed the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitor treatment was stopped, and later the patient got infected with SARS-CoV-2. A long-lasting LMWH therapy was performed. The timely management of colorectal carcinoms remains important even during an epidemic. The appropriate treatment of these patients during the pandemic presents a great challenge for all doctors, but, as shown in our case report, surgical treatment of even those with multiple co-morbidities can be successful. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(25): 1059-1062."}, {"pmid": 32253351, "title": "Ethics in the time of COVID: What remains the same and what is different.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Kim, Scott Y H", "Grady, Christine"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253351", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401228, "title": "Are Covid-19-positive mothers dangerous for their term and well newborn babies? Is there an answer?", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Stanojevic, Milan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401228", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) is quite a challenging experience for the world. At the moment of birth, the fetus is prepared to face the challenge of labor and the exposure to the outside world, meaning that labor and birth represent the first extrauterine major exposure to a complex microbiota. The vagina, which is a canal for reproduction, is by evolution separated (but not far) from the anus and urethra. Passing through the birthing canal is a mechanism for intergenerational transmission of vaginal and gut microorganisms for the vertical transmission of microbiota not only from our mothers and grandmothers but also from earlier ancestors. Methods Many national and international instructions have been developed since the beginning of the Covid-19 outbreak in January 2020 in Wuhan in China. All of them pointed out hygiene measures, social distancing and avoidance of social contacts as the most important epidemiological preventive measures. Pregnancy and neonatal periods are considered as high risk for Covid-19 infection. Results The instructions defined the care for pregnant women in the delivery room, during a hospital stay and after discharge. The controversial procedures in the care of Covid-19-suspected or -positive asymptomatic women in labor were: mode of delivery, companion during birth and labor, skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, and visits during a hospital stay. Conclusion There is a hope that instruction on coping with the coronavirus (Covid-19) infection in pregnancy with all proposed interventions affecting mothers, babies and families, besides saving lives, are beneficial and efficient by exerting no harm."}, {"pmid": 32300537, "pmcid": "PMC7161495", "title": "The economic impact of the Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-2019): Implications for the mining industry.", "journal": "Extr Ind Soc", "authors": ["Laing, Timothy"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300537", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) global pandemic has not only caused infections and deaths, but it has also wreaked havoc with the global economy on a scale not seen since at least the Great Depression. Covid-19 has the potential to destroy individual livelihoods, businesses, industries and entire economies. The mining sector is not immune to these impacts, and the crisis has the potential to have severe consequences in the short, medium and long-term for the industry. Understanding these impacts, and analysing their significance for the industry, and the role it plays in wider economic development is a crucial task for academic research."}, {"pmid": 32445288, "title": "Challenges and strategies to research ethics in conducting COVID-19 research.", "journal": "J Evid Based Med", "authors": ["Ma, Xitao", "Wang, Yanqiao", "Gao, Tian", "He, Qing", "He, Yan", "Yue, Rensong", "You, Fengming", "Tang, Jianyuan"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445288", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of research involving human subjects on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is surging, bringing challenges to the ethical review committee (ERC) in terms of reviewing speed and special ethical considerations under the pandemic. However, the existing ethical review system and regulations have their limitations to meet the demand for a prompt and efficient epidemic control. Since the research under the public health emergency is different from that carried out in familiar situations to design and implementation, the strategy for a satisfactory ERC response should balance the duty of protecting individual participants as well as the special public needs derived from the disease control. It is suggested that the ethical review-related regulations need to be updated, and a unified supervision system to the overall ERC is required. ERC collaboration, capacity-improving and efficiency-improving measures need to be taken. With respect to the reviewing guidelines, it is suggested that the international norms should be explained with more consideration of the local condition and the exceptional circumstances in this public health emergency. A joint effort needs to be taken for better research conduction."}, {"pmid": 32229501, "pmcid": "PMC7174009", "title": "Cancer care during the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy: young oncologists' perspective.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Lambertini, Matteo", "Toss, Angela", "Passaro, Antonio", "Criscitiello, Carmen", "Cremolini, Chiara", "Cardone, Claudia", "Loupakis, Fotios", "Viscardi, Giuseppe", "Meattini, Icro", "Dieci, Maria Vittoria", "Ferrara, Roberto", "Giusti, Raffaele", "Maio, Massimo Di"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229501", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Click here to listen to the Podcast."}, {"pmid": 32528138, "title": "COVID-19 and the liver-related deaths to come.", "journal": "Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528138", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239747, "title": "Early advice on managing children with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic and a call for sharing experiences.", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["Bouffet, Eric", "Challinor, Julia", "Sullivan, Michael", "Biondi, Andrea", "Rodriguez-Galindo, Carlos", "Pritchard-Jones, Kathy"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239747", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513559, "title": "Foreword: Neonatal intensive care unit preparedness for the novel Coronavirus Disease-2019 pandemic: A New York City hospital perspective.", "journal": "Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care", "authors": ["Fierman, Arthur H"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513559", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198615, "pmcid": "PMC7087529", "title": "The potential added value of FDG PET/CT for COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Deng, Yan", "Lei, Lei", "Chen, Yue", "Zhang, Wei"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198615", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446705, "pmcid": "PMC7211573", "title": "Stress resilience during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Neuropsychopharmacol", "authors": ["Vinkers, Christiaan H", "van Amelsvoort, Therese", "Bisson, Jonathan I", "Branchi, Igor", "Cryan, John F", "Domschke, Katharina", "Howes, Oliver D", "Manchia, Mirko", "Pinto, Luisa", "de Quervain, Dominique", "Schmidt, Mathias V", "van der Wee, Nic J A"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446705", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of the 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency with multifaceted severe consequences for people's lives and their mental health. In this article, as members of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) Resilience, we will discuss the urgent need for a focus on resilience during the current coronavirus pandemic. Resilience is pivotal to cope with stress and vital to stay in balance. We will discuss the importance of resilience at the individual and societal level, but also the implication for patients with a psychiatric condition and health care workers. We not only advocate for an increased focus on mental health during the coronavirus pandemic but also highlight the urgent need of augmenting our focus on resilience and on strategies to enhance it."}, {"pmid": 32495918, "title": "Clinical characteristics of two human-to-human transmitted coronaviruses: Corona Virus Disease 2019 vs. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Xu, P", "Sun, G-D", "Li, Z-Z"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495918", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Subsequent to a global outbreak of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) in 2012, a novel human coronavirus, known as Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a major disease outbreak. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to compare epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features of COVID-19 and MERS-COV populations. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials database to identify potential studies that have reported COVID-19 or MERS-COV disease. Epidemiology, clinical, and laboratory outcomes, intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates, discharge rates, and fatality rates were evaluated using Graph-Pad Prism software. A total of forty-two studies were included in our research, involving in 4,720 patients (COVID-19 = 2,012, MERS-COV = 2,708). The present study revealed that main clinical manifestations of both COVID-19 and MERS-COV populations are fever, cough and generalized weakness or myalgia, and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is the main complication. The COVID-19 population has a lower rate of ICU admissions, discharges, fatalities, and shorter incubation periods than those of MERS-COV population. The main clinical features of both COVID-19 and MERS-COV populations are fever, cough and generalized weakness or myalgia. ARDS is the main complication of both populations. COVID-19 cases have a shorter incubation period and lower rate of ICU admissions, discharges and fatalities compared to MRES-COV population."}, {"pmid": 32389714, "pmcid": "PMC7205728", "title": "The Importance of Fit-Testing in Decontamination of N95 Respirators: A Cautionary Note.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Ozog, David", "Parks-Miller, Angela", "Kohli, Indermeet", "Lyons, Alexis B", "Narla, Shanthi", "Torres, Angeli E", "Levesque, Martin", "Lim, Henry W", "Hamzavi, Iltefat H"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389714", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425004, "pmcid": "PMC7089061", "title": "Clinical value of the emergency department in screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Zhang, Qin", "Pan, Jian", "Zhao, Min-Xing", "Lu, Yuan-Qiang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425004", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, China has gradually built a robust prevention and control system for sudden infectious diseases. All large hospitals have a fever clinic that isolates patients with all kinds of acute communicable diseases as the first line of medical defense. The emergency department, as the second line of medical defense in hospitals, is constantly shouldering the heavy responsibility of screening communicable diseases while also treating all kinds of other non-communicable acute and critical diseases (Zhang et al., 2012; Zhu et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2017; Feng et al., 2018; Lu, 2018; Xu and Lu, 2019). An outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology that began in Wuhan city (China) has spread rapidly in China since December 2019 (Huang et al., 2020; WHO, 2020; Zhu et al., 2020). In February 2020, the National Health Commission of China named the disease a novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP); then, it was formally named the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on Feb. 11, 2020. The Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses designated this causative virus as SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the \u03b2 coronavirus genus, and its pathogenic mechanism has not been clarified, which requires further study. To better understand the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 and more effectively prevent and control this disease, we retrospectively analyzed four representative cases of COVID-19 that had recently been screened and diagnosed in our emergency department."}, {"pmid": 32377030, "pmcid": "PMC7200382", "title": "Estimating the COVID-19 infection rate: Anatomy of an inference problem.", "journal": "J Econom", "authors": ["Manski, Charles F", "Molinari, Francesca"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377030", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a consequence of missing data on tests for infection and imperfect accuracy of tests, reported rates of cumulative population infection by the SARS CoV-2 virus are lower than actual rates of infection. Hence, reported rates of severe illness conditional on infection are higher than actual rates. Understanding the time path of the COVID-19 pandemic has been hampered by the absence of bounds on infection rates that are credible and informative. This paper explains the logical problem of bounding these rates and reports illustrative findings, using data from Illinois, New York, and Italy. We combine the data with assumptions on the infection rate in the untested population and on the accuracy of the tests that appear credible in the current context. We find that the infection rate might be substantially higher than reported. We also find that the infection fatality rate in Illinois, New York, and Italy is substantially lower than reported."}, {"pmid": 32482825, "title": "Testing animals for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Middlemiss, Christine", "Glossop, Christianne", "Voas, Sheila", "Huey, Robert"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482825", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342879, "pmcid": "PMC7195260", "title": "COVID-19 and radiation induced pneumonitis: Overlapping clinical features of different diseases.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Ippolito, Edy", "Fiore, Michele", "Greco, Carlo", "D'Angelillo, Rolando Maria", "Ramella, Sara"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342879", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287785, "pmcid": "PMC7131521", "title": "Best we be prepared.", "journal": "New Sci", "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287785", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fast action will help the world contain the new coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32503680, "pmcid": "PMC7273814", "title": "Elevation of plasma angiotensin II level is a potential pathogenesis for the critically ill COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Wu, Zhiyong", "Hu, Rui", "Zhang, Cuizhen", "Ren, Wei", "Yu, Anfeng", "Zhou, Xiaoyang"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503680", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452345, "title": "The differential response to anti IL-6 treatment in COVID-19: the genetic counterpart.", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Perricone, Carlo", "Conigliaro, Paola", "Ciccacci, Cinzia", "Marcucci, Elisa", "Cafaro, Giacomo", "Bartoloni, Elena", "Perricone, Roberto", "Novelli, Giuseppe", "Borgiani, Paola", "Gerli, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452345", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461911, "pmcid": "PMC7242198", "title": "Progression of CXR features on a COVID-19 survivor.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Abdelnour, Loay H", "Abdalla, Mohammed E"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461911", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 causes consolidations or ground glass opacities that are predominantly peripheral, basal, and bilateral on chest x-ray (CXR). There are no published case reports that present over ten serial CXRs on the same patient. We present a case report of a 68-year-old patient with confirmed COVID-19 and a prolonged course of admission, receiving nasal and humidified oxygen, non-invasive and then mechanical ventilation. She self-extubated, but remained stable on nasal oxygen only and was transferred for rehabilitation. We present 12 of her serial CXRs over six weeks, showing progression from subtle changes to overt widespread pneumonitis to slow resolution. She is also an example of a rare case of COVID-19 pneumonitis causing persistent hypoxia for over six weeks."}, {"pmid": 32184209, "title": "Covid-19: trainees will not move jobs in April.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184209", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388906, "pmcid": "PMC7272829", "title": "Do novel drugs for diabetes help in COVID-19? Another brick in the wall?", "journal": "J Diabetes", "authors": ["Krejner-Bienias, Alicja", "Grzela, Katarzyna", "Grzela, Tomasz"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388906", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293870, "title": "Correction: Immunodominant SARS Coronavirus Epitopes in Humans Elicited Both Enhancing and Neutralizing Effects on Infection in Non-human Primates.", "journal": "ACS Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Qidi", "Zhang, Lianfeng", "Kuwahara, Kazuhiko", "Li, Li", "Liu, Zijie", "Li, Taisheng", "Zhu, Hua", "Liu, Jiangning", "Xu, Yanfeng", "Xie, Jing", "Morioka, Hiroshi", "Sakaguchi, Nobuo", "Qin, Chuan", "Liu, Gang"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293870", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384412, "title": "Preparedness and Best Practice in Radiology Department for COVID-19 and Other Future Pandemics of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Wan, Yung-Liang", "Schoepf, U Joseph", "Wu, Carol C", "Giovagnoli, Dominic P", "Wu, Ming-Ting", "Hsu, Hsian-He", "Chang, Yeun-Chung", "Yang, Cheng-Ta", "Cherng, Wen-Jin"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384412", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic has emerged as an unprecedented health care crisis. To reduce risks of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 transmission in the Radiology Department, this article describes measures to increase the preparedness of Radiology Department, such as careful screening of staff and patients, thorough disinfection of equipments and rooms, appropriate use of personal protection equipment, and early isolation of patients with incidentally detected computed tomography findings suspicious for COVID-19. The familiarity of radiologists with clinical and imaging manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia and their prognostic implications is essential to provide optimal care to patients."}, {"pmid": 32461418, "title": "Presence of viral RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swab specimens of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Kumar, Kiran", "Prakash, Akshata A", "Gangasagara, Suresh Babu", "Rathod, Sujatha B L", "Ravi, K", "Rangaiah, Ambica", "Shankar, Sathyanarayan Muthur", "Basawarajappa, Shantala Gowdara", "Bhushan, Shashi", "Neeraja, T G", "Khandenahalli, Srinivas", "Swetha, M", "Gupta, Priyam", "Sampritha, U C", "Prasad, Guru N S", "Jayanthi, Chakravarthy Raghunathan"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461418", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To detect the presence of viral RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in conjunctival swab specimens of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients. Forty-five COVID-19 patients positive for real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab with or without ocular manifestations were included in the study. The conjunctival swab of each patient was collected by an ophthalmologist posted for COVID duty. Out of 45 patients, 35 (77.77%) were males and the rest were females. The mean age was 31.26 \u00b1 12.81 years. None of the patients had any ocular manifestations. One (2.23%) out of 45 patients was positive for RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 in the conjunctival swab. This study shows that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in conjunctival swabs of confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients. Though the positivity rate of detecting SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swabs is very less, care should be exercised during the ocular examination of patients of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32527753, "title": "Covid-19: Appropriate PPE prevents infections in doctors in frontline roles, study shows.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527753", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419748, "pmcid": "PMC7213028", "title": "Consensus Statement On Immune Modulation in Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Expert Group on Behalf of the Indian Academy of Neurology.", "journal": "Ann Indian Acad Neurol", "authors": ["Bhatia, Rohit", "Srivastava, M V Padma", "Khurana, Dheeraj", "Pandit, Lekha", "Mathew, Thomas", "Gupta, Salil", "Netravathi, M", "Nair, Sruthi S", "Singh, Gagandeep", "Singhal, Bhim S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419748", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Knowledge related to SARS-CoV-2 or 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is still emerging and rapidly evolving. We know little about the effects of this novel coronavirus on various body systems and its behaviour among patients with underlying neurological conditions, especially those on immunomodulatory medications. The aim of the present consensus expert opinion document is to appraise the potential concerns when managing our patients with underlying CNS autoimmune demyelinating disorders during the current COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32402576, "pmcid": "PMC7190501", "title": "Oxidative Stress as Key Player in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Infection.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Delgado-Roche, Livan", "Mesta, Fernando"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402576", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of viral respiratory pathogens with pandemic potential, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the pathogenic agent of Covid-19, represent a serious health problem worldwide. Respiratory viral infections are, in general, associated with cytokine production, inflammation, cell death, and other pathophysiological processes, which could be link with a redox imbalance or oxidative stress. These phenomena are substantially increased during aging. Actually, severity and mortality risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or Covid-19 disease have been associated with the age. The aim of the present work was to contribute with the understanding of the possible link between oxidative stress and the pathogenesis, severity and mortality risk in patients affected by SARS-CoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32328589, "pmcid": "PMC7177148", "title": "STEMI care during COVID-19: losing sight of the forest for the trees.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Leor, Oriol", "Cid-Alvarez, Belen"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328589", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492353, "title": "Preparing for COVID-19 Related Drug Shortages.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Shuman, Andrew G", "Fox, Erin", "Unguru, Yoram"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492353", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469480, "title": "Screening for Covid-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Krsak, Martin", "Henao-Martinez, Andres F", "Franco-Paredes, Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469480", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399895, "pmcid": "PMC7216850", "title": "Possible role of low-dose etoposide therapy for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis by COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Hematol", "authors": ["Takami, Akiyoshi"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399895", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369202, "pmcid": "PMC7267454", "title": "Pooling of nasopharyngeal swab specimens for SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-PCR.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Torres, Ignacio", "Albert, Eliseo", "Navarro, David"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369202", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223349, "title": "How could artificial intelligence aid in the fight against coronavirus?", "journal": "Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther", "authors": ["Yassine, Hadi M", "Shah, Zubair"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223349", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479985, "pmcid": "PMC7256549", "title": "Selective CD8 cell reduction by SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a worse prognosis and systemic inflammation in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Urra, J M", "Cabrera, C M", "Porras, L", "Rodenas, I"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479985", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lymphopenia exhibited in patients with COVID-19 has been associated with a worse prognosis in the development of the disease. To understand the factors associated with a worse evolution of COVID-19, we analyzed comorbidities, indicators of inflammation such as CRP and the ratio of neutrophils/lymphocytes, as well as the count of blood cells with T-lymphocyte subtypes in 172 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Patients were grouped according to their needs for mechanical ventilation (ICU care) or not. Within the comorbidities studied, obesity was the only associated with greater severity and ICU admission. Both the percentage and the absolute number of neutrophils were higher in patients needing ICU care than non-ICU patients, whereas absolute lymphocyte count, and especially the percentage of lymphocytes, presented a deep decline in critical patients. There was no difference between the two groups of patients for CD4 T-lymphocytes, neither in percentage of lymphocyte nor in absolute number, however for CD8 T-cells the differences were significant for both parameters which were in decline in ICU patients. There was a firm correlation between the highest values of inflammation indicators with the decrease in percentage of CD8 T-lymphocytes. This effect was not seen with CD4 cells. Obesity together with lymphopenia, especially whether preferentially affects to CD8 T- lymphocytes, are factors that can predict a poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32467176, "title": "CONTROLS TO MINIMIZE DISRUPTION OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL SUPPLY CHAIN DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC.", "journal": "PDA J Pharm Sci Technol", "authors": ["Cundell, Anthony M", "Guilfoyle, Dennis Edward", "Kreil, T R", "Sawant, Anil"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467176", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article reviews currently available scientific literature related to the epidemiology, infectivity, survival, and susceptibility to disinfectants of Coronaviruses, in the context of the controls established to meet Good Manufacturing Practice regulations and guidance, and the public health guidance issued specifically to combat the Covid-19 pandemic. The possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the pharmaceutical supply chain is assessed and recommendations are listed for risk mitigation steps to minimize supply disruption to pharmaceutical drug products. Areas addressed include a brief history of the COVID-19 viral pandemic, a description of the virus, the regulatory response to the pandemic, the screening of employees, the persistence on inanimate surfaces, cleaning and disinfection of manufacturing facilities, use of GMP-mandated personal protective equipment to counter the spread of the disease, the role of air changes in viral clearance, approaches to risk assessment and mitigation. Biological medicinal products have a great record of safety, yet the cell cultures used for production can be susceptible to viruses, and contamination events have occurred. Studies on SARS-CoV-1 for its ability to replicate in various mammalian cell lines used for biopharmaceutical manufacturing suggest SARS-CoV-2 poses low risk and any contamination would be detected by currently used adventitious virus testing. The consequences of the potential virus exposure of manufacturing processes, as well as the effectiveness of mitigation efforts are discussed. The pharmaceutical supply chain is complex, traversing many geographies and companies that range from large multinationals to mid and small size operations. This paper recommends practices that can be adopted by all companies, irrespective of their size, geographic location, or position in the supply chain."}, {"pmid": 32216110, "title": "Gastrointestinal endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Ang, Tiing Leong"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216110", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437227, "title": "The role of forensic pathologists in coronavirus disease 2019 infection: The importance of an interdisciplinary research.", "journal": "Med Sci Law", "authors": ["Barranco, Rosario", "Ventura, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437227", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242738, "pmcid": "PMC7258652", "title": "Clinical Features of 85 Fatal Cases of COVID-19 from Wuhan. A Retrospective Observational Study.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Du, Yingzhen", "Tu, Lei", "Zhu, Pingjun", "Mu, Mi", "Wang, Runsheng", "Yang, Pengcheng", "Wang, Xi", "Hu, Chao", "Ping, Rongyu", "Hu, Peng", "Li, Tianzhi", "Cao, Feng", "Chang, Christopher", "Hu, Qinyong", "Jin, Yang", "Xu, Guogang"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242738", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rationale: The global death toll from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) virus as of May 12, 2020, exceeds 286,000. The risk factors for death were attributed to advanced age and comorbidities but have not been accurately defined.Objectives: To report the clinical features of 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 in two hospitals in Wuhan.Methods: Medical records were collected of 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 between January 9, 2020, and February 15, 2020. Information recorded included medical history, exposure history, comorbidities, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, computed tomographic scans, and clinical management.Measurements and Main Results: The median age of the patients was 65.8 years, and 72.9% were male. Common symptoms were fever (78 [91.8%]), shortness of breath (50 [58.8%]), fatigue (50 [58.8%]), and dyspnea (60 [70.6%]). Hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease were the most common comorbidities. Notably, 81.2% of patients had very low eosinophil counts on admission. Complications included respiratory failure (80 [94.1%]), shock (69 [81.2%]), acute respiratory distress syndrome (63 [74.1%]), and arrhythmia (51 [60%]), among others. Most patients received antibiotic (77 [90.6%]), antiviral (78 [91.8%]), and glucocorticoid (65 [76.5%]) treatments. A total of 38 (44.7%) and 33 (38.8%) patients received intravenous immunoglobulin and IFN-\u03b12b, respectively.Conclusions: In this depictive study of 85 fatal cases of COVID-19, most cases were males aged over 50 years with noncommunicable chronic diseases. The majority of the patients died of multiple organ failure. Early onset of shortness of breath may be used as an observational symptom for COVID-19 exacerbations. Eosinophilopenia may indicate a poor prognosis. A combination of antimicrobial drugs did not offer considerable benefit to the outcome of this group of patients."}, {"pmid": 32255683, "title": "Clinical Features and Chest CT Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Mungmungpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255683", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328593, "title": "Editorial: Dental practitioners' role in the assessment and containment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Evolving recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control.", "journal": "Quintessence Int", "authors": ["Mupparapu, Mel"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328593", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269358, "title": "Potential of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19 causes fears of shortages among people with systemic lupus erythematosus.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Jakhar, Deepak", "Kaur, Ishmeet"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269358", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479958, "title": "Optimal temperature zone for the dispersal of COVID-19.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Huang, Zhongwei", "Huang, Jianping", "Gu, Qianqing", "Du, Pengyue", "Liang, Hongbin", "Dong, Qing"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479958", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is essential to know the environmental parameters within which the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can survive to understand its global dispersal pattern. We found that 60.0% of the confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in places where the air temperature ranged from 5\u00a0\u00b0C to 15\u00a0\u00b0C, with a peak in cases at 11.54\u00a0\u00b0C. Moreover, approximately 73.8% of the confirmed cases were concentrated in regions with absolute humidity of 3\u00a0g/m3 to 10\u00a0g/m3. SARS-CoV-2 appears to be spreading toward higher latitudes. Our findings suggest that there is an optimal climatic zone in which the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 markedly increases in the ambient environment (including the surfaces of objects). These results strongly imply that the COVID-19 pandemic may spread cyclically and outbreaks may recur in large cities in the mid-latitudes in autumn 2020."}, {"pmid": 32523920, "pmcid": "PMC7279901", "title": "COVID-19 and Pulmonary Embolism: Not a Coincidence.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Tamburello, Adriana", "Bruno, Giovanni", "Marando, Marco"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523920", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 was reported to be responsible for a cluster of acute atypical respiratory pneumonia cases in Wuhan, in Hubei province, China. The disease caused by this virus is called COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). The virus is transmitted between humans and the outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. Coagulopathy is a common abnormality in patients with COVID-19 due to inflammation, hypoxia, immobilisation, endothelial damage and diffuse intravascular coagulation. However, the data on this topic are still limited. Here we report the case of a man presenting with pneumonia complicated by bilateral pulmonary embolism. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel infectious agent that causes COVID-19, which can manifest in several ways, affecting endothelial cells and most organs.There is growing evidence that SARS-CoV-2-mediated endothelial damage is due to direct viral injury and the systemic inflammatory response, possibly together with a cytokine storm.As endothelial damage can manifest as thromboembolic disease, such as pulmonary thromboembolism, appropriate anti-thrombotic preventive strategies should be followed, and proper screening and treatment for thromboembolic complications should be implemented."}, {"pmid": 32298016, "pmcid": "PMC7262329", "title": "Commentary on the management of total laryngectomy patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Hennessy, Max", "Bann, Darrin V", "Patel, Vijay A", "Saadi, Robert", "Krempl, Greg A", "Deschler, Daniel G", "Goyal, Neerav", "Choi, Karen Y"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298016", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly spread across the world, placing unprecedented strain on the health care system. Health care resources including hospital beds, ICUs, as well as personal protective equipment are becoming increasingly rationed and scare commodities. In this environment, the laryngectomee (patient having previously undergone a total laryngectomy) continues to represent a unique patient with unique needs. Given their surgically altered airway, they pose a challenge to manage for the otolaryngologist within the current COVID-19 pandemic. In this brief report, we present special considerations and best practice recommendations in the management of total laryngectomy patients. We also discuss recommendations for laryngectomy patients and minimizing community exposures."}, {"pmid": 32469246, "title": "Psychophysical Olfactory Tests and Detection of COVID-19 in Patients With Sudden Onset Olfactory Dysfunction: A Prospective Study.", "journal": "Ear Nose Throat J", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Cabaraux, Pierre", "Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M", "Khalife, Mohamad", "Plzak, Jan", "Hans, Stephane", "Martiny, Delphine", "Calvo-Henriquez, Christian", "Barillari, Maria R", "Hopkins, Claire", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469246", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) status of patients with initial sudden olfactory anosmia (ISOA) through nasopharyngeal swabs for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and to explore their olfactory dysfunctions with psychophysical olfactory evaluation. A total of 78 ISOA patients were recruited from April 6, 2020, to April 10, 2020, through a public call of University of Mons (Mons, Belgium). Patients benefited from nasopharyngeal swabs and fulfilled the patient-reported outcome questionnaire. Among them, 46 patients performed psychophysical olfactory evaluation using olfactory identification testing. Based on the duration of the ISOA, 2 groups of patients were compared: patients with olfactory dysfunction duration \u226412 days (group 1) and those with duration >12 days (group 2). In group 1, 42 patients (87.5%) had a positive viral load determined by RT-PCR and 6 patients (12.5%) were negative. In group 2, 7 patients (23%) had a positive viral load and 23 patients (77%) were negative. The psychophysical olfactory evaluation reported that anosmia and hyposmia occurred in 24 (52%) and 11 (24%) patients, respectively. Eleven patients were normosmic. The viral load was significantly higher in patients of group 1 compared with those of group 2. Coronavirus disease 2019 was detected in a high proportion of ISOA patients, especially over the first 12 days of olfactory dysfunction. Anosmia is an important symptom to consider in the detection of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32510263, "title": "Breastfeeding, Human Milk Collection and Containers, and Human Milk Banking: Hot Topics During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Hum Lact", "authors": ["Moro, Guido E", "Bertino, Enrico"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510263", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405641, "pmcid": "PMC7239193", "title": "EAPCI Position Statement on Invasive Management of Acute Coronary Syndromes during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Chieffo, Alaide", "Stefanini, Giulio G", "Price, Susanna", "Barbato, Emanuele", "Tarantini, Giuseppe", "Karam, Nicole", "Moreno, Raul", "Buchanan, Gill Louise", "Gilard, Martine", "Halvorsen, Sigrun", "Huber, Kurt", "James, Stefan", "Neumann, Franz-Josef", "Mollmann, Helge", "Roffi, Marco", "Tavazzi, Guido", "Mauri Ferre, Josepa", "Windecker, Stephan", "Dudek, Dariusz", "Baumbach, Andreas"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405641", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses an unprecedented challenge to healthcare worldwide. The infection can be life threatening and require intensive care treatment. The transmission of the disease poses a risk to both patients and healthcare workers. The number of patients requiring hospital admission and intensive care may overwhelm health systems and negatively affect standard care for patients presenting with conditions needing emergency interventions. This position statements aims to assist cardiologists in the invasive management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. To that end, we assembled a panel of interventional cardiologists and acute cardiac care specialists appointed by the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) and from the Acute Cardiovascular Care Association (ACVC) and included the experience from the first and worst affected areas in Europe. Modified diagnostic and treatment algorithms are proposed to adapt evidence-based protocols for this unprecedented challenge. Various clinical scenarios, as well as management algorithms for patients with a diagnosed or suspected COVID-19 infection, presenting with ST- and non-ST-segment elevation ACS are described. In addition, we address the need for re-organization of ACS networks, with redistribution of hub and spoke hospitals, as well as for in-hospital reorganization of emergency rooms and cardiac units, with examples coming from multiple European countries. Furthermore, we provide a guidance to reorganization of catheterization laboratories and, importantly, measures for protection of healthcare providers involved with invasive procedures."}, {"pmid": 32247584, "pmcid": "PMC7118640", "title": "The importance of designing and implementing participatory surveillance system: An approach as early detection and prevention of novel coronavirus (2019-nCov).", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad", "Janati, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247584", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}]