[{"pmid": 32344568, "pmcid": "PMC7215906", "title": "RT-qPCR Testing of SARS-CoV-2: A Primer.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Bustin, Stephen A", "Nolan, Tania"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344568", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Testing for the presence of coronavirus is an essential diagnostic tool for monitoring and managing the current COVID-19 pandemic. The only reliable test in current use for testing acute infection targets the genome of SARS-CoV-2, and the most widely used method is quantitative fluorescence-based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Despite its ubiquity, there is a significant amount of uncertainty about how this test works, potential throughput and reliability. This has resulted in widespread misrepresentation of the problems faced using this test during the current COVID-19 epidemic. This primer provides simple, straightforward and impartial information about RT-qPCR."}, {"pmid": 32368995, "pmcid": "PMC7251250", "title": "Mental health and COVID-19: is the virus racist?", "journal": "Br J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kapilashrami, Anuj", "Bhui, Kamaldeep"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368995", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has changed our lives and it appears to be especially harmful for some groups more than others. Black and Asian ethnic minorities are at particular risk and have reported greater mortality and intensive care needs. Mental illnesses are more common among Black and ethnic minorities, as are crisis care pathways including compulsory admission. This editorial sets out what might underlie these two phenomena, explaining how societal structures and disadvantage generate and can escalate inequalities in crises."}, {"pmid": 32460184, "pmcid": "PMC7236718", "title": "Projected increases in suicide in Canada as a consequence of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["McIntyre, Roger S", "Lee, Yena"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460184", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Macroeconomic indicators, notably unemployment, are significant moderators of suicide. We projected the number of excess suicides in Canada as a consequence of the impact of COVID-19 on unemployment. Annual suicide mortality (2000-2018) and unemployment (2000-2019) data were derived from Statistics Canada. Time-trend regression models were used to evaluate and predict the number of excess suicides in 2020 and 2021 for two possible projection scenarios following the COVID-19 pandemic: 1) an increase in unemployment of 1.6% in 2020, 1.2% in 2021, or 2) an increase in unemployment of 10.7% in 2020, 8.9% in 2021. A percentage point increase in unemployment was associated with a 1.0% increase in suicide between 2000 and 2018. In the first scenario, the rise in unemployment rates resulted in a projected total of 418 excess suicides in 2020-2021 (suicide rate per 100,000: 11.6 in 2020). In the second scenario, the projected suicide rates per 100,000 increased to 14.0 in 2020 and 13.6 in 2021, resulting in 2114 excess suicides in 2020-2021. These results indicate that suicide prevention in the context of COVID-19-related unemployment is a critical priority. Furthermore, timely access to mental healthcare, financial provisions and social/labour support programs, as well as optimal treatment for mental disorders is urgently needed."}, {"pmid": 32187421, "pmcid": "PMC7228364", "title": "COVID-19: Social distancing, ACE 2 receptors, protease inhibitors and beyond?", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Thomson, George"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187421", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493460, "pmcid": "PMC7267760", "title": "A short, animated video to improve good COVID-19 hygiene practices: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Vandormael, Alain", "Adam, Maya", "Greuel, Merlin", "Barnighausen, Till"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493460", "countries": ["France", "Germany", "Spain", "United Kingdom", "Mexico", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Entertainment-education (E-E) media can improve behavioral intent toward health-related practices. In the era of COVID-19, millions of people can be reached by E-E media without requiring any physical contact. We have designed a short, wordless, animated video about COVID-19 hygiene practices-such as social distancing and frequent hand washing-that can be rapidly distributed through social media channels to a global audience. The E-E video's effectiveness, however, remains unclear. The study aims to achieve the following objectives. To: 1.Quantify people's interest in watching a short, animated video about COVID-19 hygiene (abbreviated to CoVideo).2.Establish the CoVideo's effectiveness in increasing behavioural intent toward COVID-19 hygiene.3.Establish the CoVideo's effectiveness in improving COVID-19 hygiene knowledge. The present study is a multi-site, parallel group, randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the effectiveness of the CoVideo against an attention placebo control (APC) video or no video. The trial has an intervention arm (CoVideo), placebo arm (APC), and control arm (no video). Nested in each trial arm is a list experiment and questionnaire survey, with the following ordering. Arm 1: the CoVideo, list experiment, and questionnaire survey. Arm 2: the APC video, list experiment, questionnaire survey, and CoVideo. Arm 3: the list experiment, questionnaire survey, and CoVideo. For each list experiment, participants will be randomized to a control or treatment group. The control group will receive a list of five items and the treatment group will receive the same five items plus one item about COVID-19 hygiene. We will use the list experiment to reduce response bias associated with socially desirable answers to COVID-19 questions. The questionnaire survey will include items about the participant's age, sex, country of residence, highest education, and knowledge of COVID-19 spread. After completing the list experiment and questionnaire survey, participants in Arms 2 and 3 will receive the CoVideo to ensure post-trial access to treatment. This will be an online study setting. We will use Prolific Academic (ProA: https://www.prolific.co) to recruit participants and host our study on the Gorilla\u2122 platform (www.gorilla.sc). To be eligible, participants must be between the age of 18 and 59 years (male, female, or other) and have current residence in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Mexico, or France. Participants will be excluded from the study if they cannot speak English, German, French, or Spanish (since the instructions and survey questions will be available in these 4 languages only). The intervention is an E-E video about COVID-19 hygiene (CoVideo). Developed by our co-author (MA) for Stanford Medicine, the CoVideo is animated with sound effects, and has no words, speech, or text. The CoVideo shows how the novel coronavirus is spread (airborne, physical contact) and summarizes the public's response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Key components of the CoVideo are the promotion of five hygiene practices: i) social distancing and avoiding group gatherings, ii) frequently washing hands with soap and water or sanitizer, iii) cleaning surfaces at home (e.g., kitchen counters), iv) not sharing eating utensils, and v) avoidance of stockpiling essential goods (such as toilet paper and face masks). The CoVideo, which was designed for universal reach and optimized for release on social media channels, can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAj38E7vrS8. The comparators are an APC video (Arm 2) or no video (Arm 3). The APC video is similar in style to the CoVideo; it is also animated with a duration of 2.30 minutes, has sound effects but no words, speech, or text. The video message is about how small choices become actions, which become habits, which become a way of life. It is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HEnohs6yYw. Each list experiment will have a control list as the comparator. The control list is needed to measure the prevalence of behavioral intent toward COVID-19 hygiene. This study will measure primary and secondary outcomes related to COVID-19 hygiene. By hygiene, we mean the adoption of behaviors or practices that reduce the chances of being infected or spreading COVID-19. As our primary outcome, we will measure changes in behavioral intent toward five hygiene practices: social distancing, washing hands, cleaning household surfaces, not sharing eating utensils, and not stockpiling essential goods. As a secondary outcome, we will measure knowledge about behaviors that can prevent the spread of COVID-19. Using a web-based randomization algorithm, Gorilla will randomly allocate participants to the intervention (CoVideo), placebo (APC), or control (no video) arm (sequence generation) at a 1:1:1 ratio. Within each trial arm, Gorilla will randomly allocate participants at a 1:1 ratio to the control or treatment group. Items in the lists will be randomly ordered to avoid order effects. The presentation order of the list experiments will also be randomized. Because ProA handles the interaction between the study investigators and participants, the participants will be completely anonymous to the study investigators. The outcome measures will be self-reported and submitted anonymously. All persons in the study team will be blinded to the group allocation. The Gorilla algorithm will randomize 6,700 participants to each trial arm, giving a total sample size of 20,100. The protocol version number is 1.0 and the date is 18 May 2020. Recruitment is expected to end by 22 June 2020. Thus far, the study investigators have recruited 2,500 participants on ProA. Of these participants, 800 have completed the study on the Gorilla platform. The study and its outcomes were registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (www.drks.de) on May 12th, 2020, protocol number: #DRKS00021582. The study was registered before any data was collected. The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32433264, "pmcid": "PMC7253037", "title": "North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society Guide for Neuroendocrine Tumor Patient Health Care Providers During COVID-19.", "journal": "Pancreas", "authors": ["Bergsland, Emily K", "Halperin, Daniel M", "Dillon, Joseph S", "Dasari, N Arvind", "Kunz, Pamela L", "Soares, Heloisa P", "Pryma, Daniel", "Bodei, Lisa", "Hope, Thomas", "Soulen, Michael C", "Mailman, Josh", "Howe, James R"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433264", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32190904, "title": "Alert for non-respiratory symptoms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in epidemic period: A case report of familial cluster with three asymptomatic COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lu, Shubiao", "Lin, Jinsong", "Zhang, Zhiqiao", "Xiao, Liping", "Jiang, Zhijian", "Chen, Jia", "Hu, Chongjing", "Luo, Shi"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32190904", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is rampaging around the world. However, asymptomatic carriers intensified the difficulty of prevention and management. Here we reported the screening, clinical feathers, and treatment process of a family cluster involving three COVID-19 patients. The discovery of the first asymptomatic carrier in this family cluster depends on the repeated and comprehensive epidemiological investigation by disease control experts. In addition, the combination of multiple detection methods can help clinicians find asymptomatic carriers as early as possible. In conclusion, the prevention and control experience of this family cluster showed that comprehensive rigorous epidemiological investigation and combination of multiple detection methods were of great value for the detection of hidden asymptomatic carriers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32494931, "pmcid": "PMC7268974", "title": "Novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Mol Med (Berl)", "authors": ["Hossein-Khannazer, Nikoo", "Shokoohian, Bahare", "Shpichka, Anastasia", "Aghdaei, Hamid Asadzadeh", "Timashev, Peter", "Vosough, Massoud"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494931", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, there is no licensed treatment or approved vaccine to combat the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), and the number of new cases and mortality multiplies every day. Therefore, it is essential to develop an effective treatment strategy to control the virus spread and prevent the disease. Here, we summarized the therapeutic approaches that are used to treat this infection. Although it seems that antiviral drugs are effective in improving clinical manifestation, there is no definite treatment protocol. Lymphocytopenia, excessive inflammation, and cytokine storm followed by acute respiratory distress syndrome are still unsolved issues causing the severity of this disease. Therefore, immune response modulation and inflammation management can be considered as an essential step. There is no doubt that more studies are required to clarify immunopathogenesis and immune response; however, new therapeutic approaches including mesenchymal stromal cell and immune cell therapy showed inspiring results."}, {"pmid": 32492456, "pmcid": "PMC7261428", "title": "Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation should not be performed on confirmed or suspected COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Kandori, Kenji", "Narumiya, Hiromichi", "Iizuka, Ryoji"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492456", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362722, "pmcid": "PMC7195611", "title": "Here we are: Agriculture and Human Values in the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Sanderson, Matthew R"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362722", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222187, "pmcid": "PMC7195116", "title": "Venezuelan migrants \"struggling to survive\" amid COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Daniels, Joe Parkin"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222187", "countries": ["Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531372, "pmcid": "PMC7283064", "title": "Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 and Coincident Host Response Signature Varies by Asthma Inflammatory Phenotype.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Camiolo, Matthew J", "Gauthier, Marc", "Kaminski, Naftali", "Ray, Anuradha", "Wenzel, Sally E"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531372", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over 300 million people carry a diagnosis of asthma with data to suggest they are at higher risk for infection or adverse outcomes from SARS-CoV-2. Asthma is remarkably heterogenous and it is currently unclear how patient intrinsic factors may relate to COVID-19. Identify and characterize subsets of asthmatics at increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participants from 2 large asthma cohorts were stratified using clinically relevant parameters to identify factors related to ACE2 expression within bronchial epithelium. ACE-2 correlated gene signatures were used to interrogate publicly available databases to identify upstream signaling events and novel therapeutic targets. Stratifying by Type 2 inflammatory biomarkers, we identified subjects who demonstrated low peripheral blood eosinophils accompanied by increased expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 in bronchial epithelium. Genes highly correlated with ACE2 overlapped with Type 1 and 2 interferon signatures, normally induced by viral infections. T cell recruitment and activation within bronchoalveolar lavage cells of ACE2-high subjects was reciprocally increased. These patients demonstrated characteristics corresponding to risk factors for severe COVID-19, including male sex, history of hypertension, low peripheral blood and elevated BAL lymphocytes. ACE2 expression is linked to upregulation of viral response genes in a subset of Type-2 low asthmatics with characteristics resembling known risk factors for severe COVID-19. Therapies targeting the interferon family and T cell activating factors may therefore be of benefit in a subset of patients. Type-2 low asthmatics may be at increased risk for adverse outcome from COVID-19 and deserve increased vigilance upon developing symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32444755, "title": "Coronavirus infectious waste management.", "journal": "Br Dent J", "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444755", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220654, "pmcid": "PMC7194558", "title": "COVID-19: extending or relaxing distancing control measures.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Colbourn, Tim"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220654", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468862, "title": "Licking the lungs, biting the brain: malignant MCA infarct in a patient with COVID 19 infection.", "journal": "Br J Neurosurg", "authors": ["De, Rimita", "Maity, Anupam", "Bhattacharya, Chandramouli", "Das, Sayan", "Krishnan, Prasad"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468862", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427097, "title": "[COVID-19 And Urgent Surgeries: What Has Changed?]", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Ribeiro, Joana", "Nave, Patricia", "Paulino, Ana", "Ormonde, Lucindo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427097", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470316, "title": "Investigation and Serologic Follow-Up of Contacts of Early Confirmed Case-Patient with COVID-19, United States.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chu, Victoria T", "Freeman-Ponder, Brandi", "Lindquist, Scott", "Spitters, Christopher", "Kawakami, Vance", "Dyal, Jonathan W", "Clark, Shauna", "Bruce, Hollianne", "Duchin, Jeffrey S", "DeBolt, Chas", "Podczervinski, Sara", "D'Angeli, Marisa", "Pettrone, Kristen", "Zacks, Rachael", "Vahey, Grace", "Holshue, Michelle L", "Lang, Misty", "Burke, Rachel M", "Rolfes, Melissa A", "Marlow, Mariel", "Midgley, Claire M", "Lu, Xiaoyan", "Lindstrom, Stephen", "Hall, Aron J", "Fry, Alicia M", "Thornburg, Natalie J", "Gerber, Susan I", "Pillai, Satish K", "Biggs, Holly M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470316", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the contact investigation for an early confirmed case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), in the United States. Contacts of the case-patient were identified, actively monitored for symptoms, interviewed for a detailed exposure history, and tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time reverse transcription PCR (rRT-PCR) and ELISA. Fifty contacts were identified and 38 (76%) were interviewed, of whom 11 (29%) reported unprotected face-to-face interaction with the case-patient. Thirty-seven (74%) had respiratory specimens tested by rRT-PCR, and all tested negative. Twenty-three (46%) had ELISA performed on serum samples collected \u22486 weeks after exposure, and none had detectable antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Among contacts who were tested, no secondary transmission was identified in this investigation, despite unprotected close interactions with the infectious case-patient."}, {"pmid": 32393819, "title": "COVID-19 outcomes and the human genome.", "journal": "Genet Med", "authors": ["Murray, Michael F", "Kenny, Eimear E", "Ritchie, Marylyn D", "Rader, Daniel J", "Bale, Allen E", "Giovanni, Monica A", "Abul-Husn, Noura S"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393819", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278716, "pmcid": "PMC7146690", "title": "The Restructuring of Structural Heart Disease Practice During The Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Chung, Christine J", "Nazif, Tamim M", "Wolbinski, Mariusz", "Hakemi, Emad", "Lebehn, Mark", "Brandwein, Russell", "Rezende, Carolina Pinheiro", "Doolittle, James", "Rabbani, Leroy", "Uriel, Nir", "Schwartz, Allan", "Biviano, Angelo", "Wan, Elaine", "Hathaway, Lisa", "Hahn, Rebecca", "Khalique, Omar", "Hamid, Nadira", "Ng, Vivian", "Patel, Amisha", "Vahl, Torsten", "Kirtane, Ajay", "Bapat, Vinayak", "George, Isaac", "Leon, Martin B", "Kodali, Susheel K"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278716", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with structural heart disease are at increased risk of adverse outcomes from the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) due to advanced age and comorbidity. In the midst of a global pandemic of a novel infectious disease, reality-based considerations comprise an important starting point for formulating clinical management pathways. The aims of these \"crisis-driven\" recommendations are: 1) to ensure appropriate and timely treatment of structural heart disease patients; 2) to minimize the risk of COVID-19 exposure to patients and health care workers; and 3) to limit resource utilization under conditions of constraint. Although the degree of disruption to usual practice will vary across the United States and elsewhere, we hope that early experiences from a heart team operating in the current global epicenter of COVID-19 may prove useful for others adapting their practice in advance of local surges of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 31991541, "pmcid": "PMC7077245", "title": "Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Gralinski, Lisa E", "Menachery, Vineet D"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31991541", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has awakened the echoes of SARS-CoV from nearly two decades ago. Yet, with technological advances and important lessons gained from previous outbreaks, perhaps the world is better equipped to deal with the most recent emergent group 2B coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32471628, "pmcid": "PMC7214289", "title": "Rapid Modification of Workflows and Fellow Staffing at a Single Transplant Center to Address the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Transplant Proc", "authors": ["Thiessen, Carrie", "Wisel, Steven A", "Yamaguchi, Seiji", "Dietch, Zachary C", "Feng, Sandy", "Freise, Chris E"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471628", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although hospital systems have largely halted elective surgical practices in preparing their response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, transplantation remains an essential and lifesaving surgical practice. To continue transplantation while protecting immunocompromised patients and health care workers, significant restructuring of normal patient care practice habits is required. This is a nonrandomized, descriptive study of the abdominal transplant program at 1 academic center (University of California, San Francisco) and the programmatic changes undertaken to safely continue transplantations. Patient transfers, fellow use, and patient discharge education were identified as key areas requiring significant reorganization. The University of California, San Francisco abdominal transplant program took an early and aggressive approach to restructuring inpatient workflows and health care worker staffing. The authors formalized a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transfer system to address patients in need of services at their institution while minimizing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 in their transplant ward and used technological approaches to provide virtual telehealth where possible. They also modified their transplant fellow staffing and responsibilities to develop an adequate backup system in case of potential exposures. Every transplant program is unique, and an individualized plan to adapt and modify standard clinical practices will be required to continue providing essential transplantation services. The authors' experience highlights areas of attention specific to transplant programs and may provide generalizable solutions to support continued transplantation in the COVID-19 era."}, {"pmid": 32339510, "pmcid": "PMC7182515", "title": "Regional Planning for Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Allocation During Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Prekker, Matthew E", "Brunsvold, Melissa E", "Bohman, J Kyle", "Fischer, Gwenyth", "Gram, Kendra L", "Litell, John M", "Saavedra-Romero, Ramiro", "Hick, John L"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339510", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health systems confronting the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic must plan for surges in ICU demand and equitably distribute resources to maximize benefit for critically ill patients and the public during periods of resource scarcity. For example, morbidity and mortality could be mitigated by a proactive regional plan for the triage of mechanical ventilators. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), a resource-intensive and potentially life-saving modality in severe respiratory failure, has generally not been included in proactive disaster preparedness until recently. This paper explores underlying assumptions and triage principles that could guide the integration of ECMO resources into existing disaster planning. Drawing from a collaborative framework developed by one US metropolitan area with multiple adult and pediatric extracorporeal life support centers, this paper aims to inform decision-making around ECMO use during a pandemic such as COVID-19. It also addresses the ethical and practical aspects of not continuing to offer ECMO during a disaster."}, {"pmid": 32320509, "pmcid": "PMC7264545", "title": "Covid-19: Supporting nurses' psychological and mental health.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Maben, Jill", "Bridges, Jackie"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320509", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416977, "pmcid": "PMC7212258", "title": "Uropathologists During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What Can Be Learned in Terms of Social Interaction, Visibility, and Social Distance.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Montironi, Rodolfo", "Cheng, Liang", "Cimadamore, Alessia", "Lopez-Beltran, Antonio", "Scarpelli, Marina"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416977", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419130, "title": "Dilemmas in resuscitation of COVID-19 patients based on current evidence.", "journal": "Cardiol J", "authors": ["Szarpak, Lukasz", "Ruetzler, Kurt", "Dabrowski, Marek", "Nadolny, Klaudiusz", "Ladny, Jerzy R", "Smereka, Jacek", "Jaguszewski, Milosz", "Filipiak, Krzysztof J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419130", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345001, "title": "Recommendations to the government following the declaration of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Epidemiol Health", "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345001", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312892, "title": "Adapting to a Pandemic - Conducting Oncology Trials during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Cancer Res", "authors": ["Tan, Aaron C", "Ashley, David M", "Khasraw, Mustafa"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312892", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has necessitated changes in cancer care delivery as resources are reallocated. Clinical trials and other research activities are inevitably impacted. Start-up activities for new trials may be deferred and recruitment suspended. For patients already enrolled however, there are challenges in continuing treatment on trial. Regulatory bodies have issued guidance on managing clinical trials during the pandemic, including contingency measures for remote study visits, delivery of investigational product, and site monitoring visits. New cancer clinical trial practices during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic include new risk assessment strategies, decentralized and remote trial coordination, data collection, and delegation of specific therapeutic activities. This experience could provide evidence of more feasible and cost-effective methods for future clinical trial conduct."}, {"pmid": 32423792, "pmcid": "PMC7228716", "title": "COVID-19: Leave politics out of practicing medicine.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Revasc Med", "authors": ["Waksman, Ron"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423792", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209890, "title": "Clinical characteristics of fatal and recovered cases of coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective study.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Deng, Yan", "Liu, Wei", "Liu, Kui", "Fang, Yuan-Yuan", "Shang, Jin", "Zhou, Ling", "Wang, Ke", "Leng, Fan", "Wei, Shuang", "Chen, Lei", "Liu, Hui-Guo"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209890", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus has caused the outbreak of the acute respiratory disease in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China since December 2019. This study was performed to analyze the clinical characteristics of patients who succumbed to and who recovered from 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Clinical data were collected from two tertiary hospitals in Wuhan. A retrospective investigation was conducted to analyze the clinical characteristics of fatal cases of COVID-19 (death group) and we compare them with recovered patients (recovered group). Continuous variables were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical variables were analyzed by \u03c7 test or Fisher exact test as appropriate. Our study enrolled 109 COVID-19 patients who died during hospitalization and 116 recovered patients. The median age of the death group was older than the recovered group (69 [62, 74] vs. 40 [33, 57] years, Z\u200a=\u200a9.738, P\u200a<\u200a0.001). More patients in the death group had underlying diseases (72.5% vs. 41.4%, \u03c7\u200a=\u200a22.105, P\u200a<\u200a0.001). Patients in the death group had a significantly longer time of illness onset to hospitalization (10.0 [6.5, 12.0] vs. 7.0 [5.0, 10.0] days, Z\u200a=\u200a3.216, P\u200a=\u200a0.001). On admission, the proportions of patients with symptoms of dyspnea (70.6% vs. 19.0%, \u03c7\u200a=\u200a60.905, P\u200a<\u200a0.001) and expectoration (32.1% vs. 12.1%, \u03c7\u200a=\u200a13.250, P\u200a<\u200a0.001) were significantly higher in the death group. The blood oxygen saturation was significantly lower in the death group (85 [77, 91]% vs. 97 [95, 98]%, Z\u200a=\u200a10.625, P\u200a<\u200a0.001). The white blood cell (WBC) in death group was significantly higher on admission (7.23 [4.87, 11.17] vs. 4.52 [3.62, 5.88] \u00d710/L, Z\u200a=\u200a7.618, P\u200a<\u200a0.001). Patients in the death group exhibited significantly lower lymphocyte count (0.63 [0.40, 0.79] vs. 1.00 [0.72, 1.27] \u00d710/L, Z\u200a=\u200a8.037, P\u200a<\u200a0.001) and lymphocyte percentage (7.10 [4.45, 12.73]% vs. 23.50 [15.27, 31.25]%, Z\u200a=\u200a10.315, P\u200a<\u200a0.001) on admission, and the lymphocyte percentage continued to decrease during hospitalization (7.10 [4.45, 12.73]% vs. 2.91 [1.79, 6.13]%, Z\u200a=\u200a5.242, P\u200a<\u200a0.001). Alanine transaminase (22.00 [15.00, 34.00] vs. 18.70 [13.00, 30.38] U/L, Z\u200a=\u200a2.592, P\u200a=\u200a0.010), aspartate transaminase (34.00 [27.00, 47.00] vs. 22.00 [17.65, 31.75] U/L, Z\u200a=\u200a7.308, P\u200a<\u200a0.001), and creatinine levels (89.00 [72.00, 133.50] vs. 65.00 [54.60, 78.75] \u03bcmol/L, Z\u200a=\u200a6.478, P\u200a<\u200a0.001) were significantly higher in the death group than those in the recovered group. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were also significantly higher in the death group on admission (109.25 [35.00, 170.28] vs. 3.22 [1.04, 21.80] mg/L, Z\u200a=\u200a10.206, P\u200a<\u200a0.001) and showed no significant improvement after treatment (109.25 [35.00, 170.28] vs. 81.60 [27.23, 179.08] mg/L, Z\u200a=\u200a1.219, P\u200a=\u200a0.233). The patients in the death group had more complications such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (89.9% vs. 8.6%, \u03c7\u200a=\u200a148.105, P\u200a<\u200a0.001), acute cardiac injury (59.6% vs. 0.9%, \u03c7\u200a=\u200a93.222, P\u200a<\u200a0.001), acute kidney injury (18.3% vs. 0%, \u03c7\u200a=\u200a23.257, P\u200a<\u200a0.001), shock (11.9% vs. 0%, \u03c7\u200a=\u200a14.618, P\u200a<\u200a0.001), and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) (6.4% vs. 0%, \u03c7\u200a=\u200a7.655, P\u200a=\u200a0.006). Compared to the recovered group, more patients in the death group exhibited characteristics of advanced age, pre-existing comorbidities, dyspnea, oxygen saturation decrease, increased WBC count, decreased lymphocytes, and elevated CRP levels. More patients in the death group had complications such as ARDS, acute cardiac injury, acute kidney injury, shock, and DIC."}, {"pmid": 32441271, "title": "Novel Coronavirus Mimicking Kawasaki Disease in an Infant.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Acharyya, Bhaswati C", "Acharyya, Saumyabrata", "Das, Dhritabrata"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441271", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436075, "pmcid": "PMC7238400", "title": "Microvascular alterations in patients with SARS-COV-2 severe pneumonia.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Damiani, Elisa", "Carsetti, Andrea", "Casarotta, Erika", "Scorcella, Claudia", "Domizi, Roberta", "Adrario, Erica", "Donati, Abele"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436075", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295895, "title": "Comparison of Copan ESwab and FLOQSwab for COVID-19 Diagnosis: Working around a Supply Shortage.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Vermeiren, Christie", "Marchand-Senecal, Xavier", "Sheldrake, Elena", "Bulir, David", "Smieja, Marek", "Chong, Sylvia", "Forbes, Jessica D", "Katz, Kevin"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295895", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478708, "title": "Curbing Misinformation and Disinformation in the COVID-19 Era: A View from Cuba.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Alonso-Galban, Patricia", "Alemany-Castilla, Claudia"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478708", "countries": ["Cuba", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 health crisis engulfs the planet, we are sub-merged in a parallel pandemic: the glut of misinformation and disinformation. The data associated with this phenomenon are creating a disaster within a disaster. In early April 2020, the Span-ish news agency EFE[1] reported that over one million internet ac-counts were dedicated to rumor-mongering, spreading unverifi ed information about the coronavirus. From January through April 13, fact-checkers at Maldita.es[2] had tracked over 400 lies and false alerts circulated about COVID-19 in Spain alone."}, {"pmid": 32504967, "pmcid": "PMC7260545", "title": "Novel method of performing brachial plexus block using an aerosol box during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kulkarni, Rammurthy R", "Stephen, Madona", "Shashank, Amrita", "Mandhal, Lavanya N"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504967", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427902, "title": "Animal source of the coronavirus continues to elude scientists.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427902", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32027812, "title": "2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, Australia: Epidemiology Report 1 (Reporting week 26 January - 1 February 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32027812", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is the first epidemiological report of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) acute respiratory disease infections reported in Australia at 19:00 Australian Eastern Daylight Time [AEDT] 1 February 2020. It includes data on Australian cases notified during the week 26 January to 1 February 2020 and in the previous week (19 to 25 January 2020), the international situation and current information on the severity, transmission and spread of the 2019-nCoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32302660, "pmcid": "PMC7194669", "title": "COVID-19: Crisis Management in Congenital Heart Surgery.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Stephens, Elizabeth H", "Dearani, Joseph A", "Guleserian, Kristine J", "Overman, David M", "Tweddell, James S", "Backer, Carl L", "Romano, Jennifer C", "Bacha, Emile"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302660", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385458, "title": "What will be the new normal for the dental industry?", "journal": "Br Dent J", "authors": ["Proffitt, Edmund"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385458", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 situation has seen the cessation of all non-urgent dental care in the UK. Regular practice activity has come to a virtual standstill and the dental industry has seen a very significant reduction in its provision of products and services. There are differing government financial mitigations in place across dental practices for NHS and, to an extent private, activity, as well as for the dental industry. Dentistry is generally classified in the very high-risk category of aerosol production through many aerosol generating procedures (AGPs). To facilitate any move towards the resumption of widespread dental treatment, possibly without mass vaccination or the widespread use of antibody testing, the aerosol issue will need to be addressed and solved. From a dental industry perspective, equipment and product manufacturers and suppliers are building upon, and further developing, the industry's extremely close relationship and partnership with the dental profession, in order to develop and implement new ways of thinking and new approaches, products and techniques to protect patients and clinicians, focusing on a return to the more widespread provision of dentistry."}, {"pmid": 32311497, "pmcid": "PMC7165095", "title": "The immunological case for staying active during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Simpson, Richard J", "Katsanis, Emmanuel"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311497", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427277, "title": "Need for Transparency and Reliable Evidence in Emergency Use Authorizations for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Therapies.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Zhai, Mike Z", "Lye, Carolyn T", "Kesselheim, Aaron S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427277", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220243, "pmcid": "PMC7101882", "title": "Special attention to nurses' protection during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Huang, Lishan", "Lin, Guanwen", "Tang, Li", "Yu, Lingna", "Zhou, Zhilai"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220243", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of March 8, 2020, the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had caused 80,815 human infections and 3073 deaths in China, including more than 3000 infections among medical staff. Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital (Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China), a provincial emergency hospital, has treated more than 35 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and more than 260 suspected cases. Most of nurses' work involves direct contact with patients. As nurses have high vulnerability to COVID-19, it is necessary to establish hospital-specific protocols to reduce the risk of nurses' infection in interactions with COVID-19 patients. Our hospital has maintained a \"zero nurse infection\" rate while battling SARS in 2003 and during the present COVID-19 epidemic. The following are the key measures implemented in our hospital."}, {"pmid": 32392880, "title": "Time Course of COVID-19 Cases in Austria.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Moshammer, Hanns", "Poteser, Michael", "Lemmerer, Kathrin", "Wallner, Peter", "Hutter, Hans-Peter"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392880", "countries": ["China", "Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus, which first appeared in China in late 2019, and reached pandemic distribution in early 2020. The first major outbreak in Europe occurred in Northern Italy where it spread to neighboring countries, notably to Austria, where skiing resorts served as a main transmission hub. Soon, the Austrian government introduced strict measures to curb the spread of the virus. Using publicly available data, we assessed the efficiency of the governmental measures. We assumed an average incubation period of one week and an average duration of infectivity of 10 days. One week after the introduction of strict measures, the increase in daily new cases was reversed, and the reproduction number dropped. The crude estimates tended to overestimate the reproduction rate in the early phase. Publicly available data provide a first estimate about the effectiveness of public health measures. However, more data are needed for an unbiased assessment."}, {"pmid": 32437224, "title": "Disparities In Outcomes Among COVID-19 Patients In A Large Health Care System In California.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Azar, Kristen M J", "Shen, Zijun", "Romanelli, Robert J", "Lockhart, Stephen H", "Smits, Kelly", "Robinson, Sarah", "Brown, Stephanie", "Pressman, Alice R"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437224", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic spreads throughout the United States, evidence is mounting that racial and ethnic minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups are bearing a disproportionate burden of illness and death. We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of COVID-19 patients at Sutter Health, a large integrated health care system in northern California, to measure potential disparities. We used Sutter's integrated electronic health record to identify adults with suspected and confirmed COVID-19, and used multivariable logistic regression to assess risk of hospitalization, adjusting for known risk factors, such as race/ethnicity, sex, age, health, and socioeconomic variables. We analyzed 1,052 confirmed cases of COVID-19 from January 1-April 8, 2020. Among our findings, we observed that, compared with non-Hispanic white patients, African Americans had 2.7 times the odds of hospitalization, after adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and income. We explore possible explanations for this, including societal factors that either result in barriers to timely access to care or create circumstances in which patients view delaying care as the most sensible option. Our study provides real-world evidence that there are racial and ethnic disparities in the presentation of COVID-19. [Editor's Note: This Fast Track Ahead Of Print article is the accepted version of the peer-reviewed manuscript. The final edited version will appear in an upcoming issue of Health Affairs.]."}, {"pmid": 32269375, "title": "Ten work-life balance tips for researchers based at home during the pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Taylor, Lucy A"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269375", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501802, "title": "COVID-19 Case-initiated contact tracing using anonymous notification techniques.", "journal": "JMIR Mhealth Uhealth", "authors": ["Cheng, Weibin", "Hao, Chun"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501802", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We propose a concept of contact notification tool for assisting tracing contacts who are exposure to confirmed COVID-19 cases, which is simple and affordable for countries with limited health manpower and high-tech means."}, {"pmid": 32534320, "title": "Spatial analysis and GIS in the study of COVID-19. A review.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Franch-Pardo, Ivan", "Napoletano, Brian M", "Rosete-Verges, Fernando", "Billa, Lawal"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534320", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study entailed a review of 63 scientific articles on geospatial and spatial-statistical analysis of the geographical dimension of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The diversity of themes identified in this paper can be grouped into the following categories of disease mapping: spatiotemporal analysis, health and social geography, environmental variables, data mining, and web-based mapping. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of COVID-19 is essential for its mitigation, as it helps to clarify the extent and impact of the pandemic and can aid decision making, planning and community action. Health geography highlights the interaction of public health officials, affected actors and first responders to improve estimations of disease propagation and likelihoods of new outbreaks. Attempts at interdisciplinary correlation examine health policy interventions for the siting of health/sanitary services and controls, mapping/tracking of human movement, formulation of appropriate scientific and political responses and projection of spatial diffusion and temporal trends. This review concludes that, to fight COVID-19, it is important to face the challenges from an interdisciplinary perspective, with proactive planning, international solidarity and a global perspective. This review provides useful information and insight that can support future bibliographic queries, and also serves as a resource for understanding the evolution of tools used in the management of this major global pandemic of the 21 Century. It is hoped that its findings will inspire new reflections on the COVID-19 pandemic by readers."}, {"pmid": 32449169, "title": "How did we rapidly implement a convalescent plasma program?", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Budhai, Alexandra", "Wu, Annie A", "Hall, Lucette", "Strauss, Donna", "Paradiso, Sarai", "Alberigo, Jill", "Hillyer, Christopher D", "Jett, Betsy", "Tobian, Aaron A R", "Bloch, Evan M", "Sachais, Bruce S", "Shaz, Beth H"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449169", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of convalescent plasma as a possible treatment has been explored. Here we describe our experience as the first U.S. organization creating a COVID-19 convalescent plasma program to support its use through the single-patient emergency investigational new drug, the National Expanded Access Program, and multiple randomized controlled trials. Within weeks, we were able to distribute more than 8000 products, scale up collections to more than 4000\u2009units per week, meet hospital demand, and support randomized controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy of convalescent plasma treatment. This was through strategic planning; redeployment of staff; and active engagement of hospital, community, and public health partners. Our partners helped with donor recruitment, testing, patient advocacy, and patient availability. The program will continue to evolve as we learn more about optimizing the product. Remaining issues to be resolved are antibody titers, dose, and at what stage of disease to transfuse."}, {"pmid": 32507060, "title": "Not Only Virus Spread: The Diffusion of Ageism during the Outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Previtali, Federica", "Allen, Laura D", "Varlamova, Maria"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507060", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, we face an exacerbation of ageism as well as a flourish of intergenerational solidarity. The use of chronological age is an unjustified threshold for the creation of public policies to control the spreading of the virus; doing so reinforces intrapersonal and interpersonal negative age stereotypes and violates older persons' human rights to autonomy, proper care treatment, work, and equality. By overlooking differences within age groups, measures formulated solely on the basis of age are unable to target beneficiaries' needs. Concurrently, several initiatives are trying to overcome ageist practices by providing different types of assistance to older adults on the basis of need rather than chronological age. The Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Innovative Training Network EuroAgeism calls on policymakers to refrain from ageist practices and language, as they exacerbate our ability to meet the COVID-19 crisis and future emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32355634, "pmcid": "PMC7191286", "title": "Health policy and technology challenges in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Health Policy Technol", "authors": ["Singer, Donald Rj"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355634", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32170806, "pmcid": "PMC7228361", "title": "Liver injury during highly pathogenic human coronavirus infections.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Xu, Ling", "Liu, Jia", "Lu, Mengji", "Yang, Dongliang", "Zheng, Xin"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32170806", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), the pathogen of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has posed a serious threat to global public health. The WHO has declared the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection an international public health emergency. Lung lesions have been considered as the major damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, liver injury has also been reported to occur during the course of the disease in severe cases. Similarly, previous studies have shown that liver damage was common in the patients infected by the other two highly pathogenic coronavirus - severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and associated with the severity of diseases. In this review, the characteristics and mechanism of liver injury caused by SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV as well as SARS-CoV-2 infection were summarized, which may provide help for further studies on the liver injury of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32463744, "title": "Why are more BAME people dying from COVID-19?", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Peate, Ian"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463744", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532085, "title": "Broad-Spectrum Host-Based Antivirals Targeting the Interferon and Lipogenesis Pathways as Potential Treatment Options for the Pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Yuan, Shuofeng", "Chan, Chris Chun-Yiu", "Chik, Kenn Ka-Heng", "Tsang, Jessica Oi-Ling", "Liang, Ronghui", "Cao, Jianli", "Tang, Kaiming", "Cai, Jian-Piao", "Ye, Zi-Wei", "Yin, Feifei", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Chu, Hin", "Jin, Dong-Yan", "Hung, Ivan Fan-Ngai", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung", "Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532085", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) signals an urgent need for an expansion in treatment options. In this study, we investigated the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities of 22 antiviral agents with known broad-spectrum antiviral activities against coronaviruses and/or other viruses. They were first evaluated in our primary screening in VeroE6 cells and then the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 antiviral agents were further evaluated using viral antigen expression, viral load reduction, and plaque reduction assays. In addition to remdesivir, lopinavir, and chloroquine, our primary screening additionally identified types I and II recombinant interferons, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and AM580 as the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents among the 22 antiviral agents. Betaferon (interferon-\u03b21b) exhibited the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in viral antigen expression, viral load reduction, and plaque reduction assays among the recombinant interferons. The lipogenesis modulators 25-hydroxycholesterol and AM580 exhibited EC50 at low micromolar levels and selectivity indices of >10.0. Combinational use of these host-based antiviral agents with virus-based antivirals to target different processes of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle should be evaluated in animal models and/or clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32515379, "title": "Neurological manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Kanwar, Dureshahwar", "Baig, Abdul Mannan", "Wasay, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515379", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) has turned out to be a formidable pandemic. Upcoming evidence from confirmed cases of COVID-19 suggests an anticipated incursion of patients with neurological manifestations in the weeks to come. An expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2), the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2 over the glial cells and neurons have made the brain a potential target. Neurotoxicity may occur as a result of direct, indirect and post-infectious complications. Attention to neurological deficits in COVID-19 is fundamental to ensure appropriate, timely, beneficial management of the affected patients. Most common neurological manifestations seen include dizziness, headache, impaired consciousness, acute cerebrovascular disease, ataxia, and seizures. Anosmia and ageusia have recently been hinted as significant early symptoms in COVID-19. As cases with neurological deficits in COVID-19 emerge, the overall prognosis is yet unknown."}, {"pmid": 32356601, "pmcid": "PMC7262014", "title": "Dermatology patients' knowledge and concerns regarding their immunomodulatory medication during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Keeling, Elizabeth", "Daly, Selene", "McKenna, Dermot B"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356601", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460540, "title": "Personal Experience With COVID-19 and Community Screening of Diabetic Retinopathy in Iran.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Jamali, Sepideh", "Ashrafi, Elham", "Mohammadi, Seyed Farzad"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460540", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505992, "title": "Rapid implementation of COVID-19 tracheostomy simulation training to increase surgeon safety and confidence.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["LoSavio, Phillip S", "Eggerstedt, Michael", "Tajudeen, Bobby A", "Papagiannopoulos, Peter", "Revenaugh, Peter C", "Batra, Pete S", "Husain, Inna"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505992", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine if rapid implementation of simulation training for anticipated COVID-19 tracheostomy procedures can increase physician confidence regarding procedure competency and use of enhanced personal protective equipment (PPE). A brief simulation training exercise was designed in conjunction with the development of a COVID-19 Tracheostomy Protocol. The simulation training focused primarily on provider safety, pre and post-surgical steps and the proper use of enhanced PPE. Simulation training was performed in the simulation lab at the institution over 2\u00a0days. Pre and post self-evaluations were measured using standardized clinical competency questionnaires on a 5-point Likert Scale ranging from \"No knowledge, unable to perform\" up to \"Highly knowledgeable and confident, independent.\" Physicians self-reported a significant increase in knowledge and competency immediately after completing the training exercise. Resident physicians increased from a mean score of 3.00 to 4.67, p-value 0.0041, mean increase 1.67 (CI 95% 0.81 to 2.52). Attending physicians increased from a mean score of 2.89 to 4.67, p-value 0.0002, mean increase 1.78 (CI 95% 1.14 to 2.42). Overall, all participants increased from a mean score of 3.06 to 4.71, p-value 0.0001, mean increase 1.65 (CI 95% 1.24 to 2.05). Implementation of this simulation training at our institution resulted in a significant increase in physician confidence regarding the safe performance of tracheostomy surgery in COVID-19 patients. Adoption of standardized COVID-19 tracheostomy simulation training at centers treating COVID-19 patients may result in improved physician safety and enhanced confidence in anticipation of performing these procedures in real-life scenarios."}, {"pmid": 32458805, "pmcid": "PMC7190292", "title": "Promoting healthy movement behaviours among children during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Guan, Hongyan", "Okely, Anthony D", "Aguilar-Farias, Nicolas", "Del Pozo Cruz, Borja", "Draper, Catherine E", "El Hamdouchi, Asmaa", "Florindo, Alex A", "Jauregui, Alejandra", "Katzmarzyk, Peter T", "Kontsevaya, Anna", "Lof, Marie", "Park, Wonsoon", "Reilly, John J", "Sharma, Deepika", "Tremblay, Mark S", "Veldman, Sanne L C"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458805", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276778, "pmcid": "PMC7141547", "title": "Caring for the carers: Ensuring the provision of quality maternity care during a global pandemic.", "journal": "Women Birth", "authors": ["Wilson, Alyce N", "Ravaldi, Claudia", "Scoullar, Michelle J L", "Vogel, Joshua P", "Szabo, Rebecca A", "Fisher, Jane R W", "Homer, Caroline S E"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276778", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting health systems worldwide. Maternity care providers must continue their core business in caring and supporting women, newborns and their families whilst also adapting to a rapidly changing health system environment. This article provides an overview of important considerations for supporting the emotional, mental and physical health needs of maternity care providers in the context of the unprecedented crisis that COVID-19 presents. Cooperation, planning ahead and adequate availability of PPE is critical. Thinking about the needs of maternity providers to prevent stress and burnout is essential. Emotional and psychological support needs to be available throughout the response. Prioritising food, rest and exercise are important. Healthcare workers are every country's most valuable resource and maternity providers need to be supported to provide the best quality care they can to women and newborns in exceptionally trying circumstances."}, {"pmid": 32277470, "pmcid": "PMC7262151", "title": "Breaking Social Isolation Amidst COVID-19: A Viewpoint on Improving Access to Technology in Long-Term Care Facilities.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Eghtesadi, Marzieh"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277470", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506195, "title": "Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibition in COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Diabetol", "authors": ["Solerte, Sebastiano Bruno", "Di Sabatino, Antonio", "Galli, Massimo", "Fiorina, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506195", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 causes severe respiratory syndrome (COVID-19) with high mortality due to a direct cytotoxic viral effect and a severe systemic inflammation. We are herein discussing a possible novel therapeutic tool for COVID-19. Virus binds to the cell surface receptor ACE2; indeed, recent evidences suggested that SARS-CoV-2 may be using as co-receptor, when entering the cells, the same one used by MERS-Co-V, namely the DPP4/CD26 receptor. The aforementioned observation underlined that mechanism of cell entry is supposedly similar among different coronavirus, that the co-expression of ACE2 and DPP4/CD26 could identify those cells targeted by different human coronaviruses and that clinical complications may be similar. The DPP4 family/system was implicated in various physiological processes and diseases of the immune system, and DPP4/CD26 is variously expressed on epithelia and endothelia of the systemic vasculature, lung, kidney, small intestine and heart. In particular, DPP4 distribution in the human respiratory tract may facilitate the entrance of the virus into the airway tract itself and could contribute to the development of cytokine storm and immunopathology in causing fatal COVID-19 pneumonia. The use of DPP4 inhibitors, such as gliptins, in patients with COVID-19 with, or even without, type 2 diabetes, may offer a simple way to reduce the virus entry and replication into the airways and to hamper the sustained cytokine storm and inflammation within the lung in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32241695, "pmcid": "PMC7271257", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: How can pharmacists help?", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Al-Quteimat, Osama M MSc, BCOP", "Amer, Amer Mustafa R.Ph, MSc"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241695", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of viruses that cause disorders ranging from a mild cold to severe disease. Some of the CoVs are zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans. In December 2019, the world awoke to a new zoonotic strain of CoV that was named SARS-CoV-2 (standing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which has been classified as a high-consequence infectious disease. In addition, serious complications related to COVID-19 have been reported in some patients. These include acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute renal failure, septic shock and ventilator-associated pneumonia. The pharmacist, as a healthcare practitioner, can play an important role in hindering the spread of COVID-19, and can be an active participant in national and community efforts to fight and contain this outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32227492, "pmcid": "PMC7228287", "title": "Proposal for International Standardization of the Use of Lung Ultrasound for Patients With COVID-19: A Simple, Quantitative, Reproducible Method.", "journal": "J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["Soldati, Gino", "Smargiassi, Andrea", "Inchingolo, Riccardo", "Buonsenso, Danilo", "Perrone, Tiziano", "Briganti, Domenica Federica", "Perlini, Stefano", "Torri, Elena", "Mariani, Alberto", "Mossolani, Elisa Eleonora", "Tursi, Francesco", "Mento, Federico", "Demi, Libertario"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227492", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Growing evidence is showing the usefulness of lung ultrasound in patients with the 2019 new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has now spread in almost every country in the world. In this study, we share our experience and propose a standardized approach to optimize the use of lung ultrasound in patients with COVID-19. We focus on equipment, procedure, classification, and data sharing."}, {"pmid": 32389426, "pmcid": "PMC7198145", "title": "A favorable outcome of pneumonia COVID 19 in an advanced lung cancer patient with severe neutropenia: Is immunosuppression a risk factor for SARS-COV2 infection?", "journal": "Lung Cancer", "authors": ["Sereno, Maria", "Gutierrez-Gutierrez, Gerardo", "Sandoval, Carmen", "Falagan, Sandra", "Jimenez-Gordo, Ana Maria", "Merino, Maria", "Lopez-Menchaca, Ramiro", "Martinez-Martin, Patricia", "Roa, Silvia", "Casado, Enrique"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389426", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216698, "pmcid": "PMC7191627", "title": "Elevated Plasmin(ogen) as a Common Risk Factor for COVID-19 Susceptibility.", "journal": "Physiol Rev", "authors": ["Ji, Hong-Long", "Zhao, Runzhen", "Matalon, Sadis", "Matthay, Michael A"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216698", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular illness, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and kidney dysfunction have worse clinical outcomes when infected with SARS-CoV-2, for unknown reasons. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence for the existence of elevated plasmin(ogen) in COVID-19 patients with these comorbid conditions. Plasmin, and other proteases, may cleave a newly inserted furin site in the S protein of SARS-CoV-2, extracellularly, which increases its infectivity and virulence. Hyperfibrinolysis associated with plasmin leads to elevated D-dimer in severe patients. The plasmin(ogen) system may prove a promising therapeutic target for combating COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32217507, "pmcid": "PMC7117090", "title": "Assessment of Health Information About COVID-19 Prevention on the Internet: Infodemiological Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Hernandez-Garcia, Ignacio", "Gimenez-Julvez, Teresa"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217507", "countries": ["United States", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The internet is a large source of health information and has the capacity to influence its users. However, the information found on the internet often lacks scientific rigor, as anyone may upload content. This factor is a cause of great concern to scientific societies, governments, and users. The objective of our study was to investigate the information about the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the internet. On February 29, 2020, we performed a Google search with the terms \"Prevention coronavirus,\" \"Prevention COVID-19,\" \"Prevenci\u00f3n coronavirus,\" and \"Prevenci\u00f3n COVID-19\". A univariate analysis was performed to study the association between the type of authorship, country of publication, and recommendations to avoid COVID-19 according to the World Health Organization (WHO). In total, 80 weblinks were reviewed. Most of them were produced in the United States and Spain (n=58, 73%) by digital media sources and official public health organizations (n=60, 75%). The most mentioned WHO preventive measure was \"wash your hands frequently\" (n=65, 81%). A less frequent recommendation was to \"stay home if you feel unwell\" (n=26, 33%). The analysis by type of author (official public health organizations versus digital media) revealed significant differences regarding the recommendation to wear a mask when you are healthy only if caring for a person with suspected COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] 4.39). According to the country of publication (Spain versus the United States), significant differences were detected regarding some recommendations such as \"wash your hands frequently\" (OR 9.82), \"cover your mouth and nose with your bent elbow or tissue when you cough or sneeze\" (OR 4.59), or \"stay home if you feel unwell\" (OR 0.31). It is necessary to urge and promote the use of the websites of official public health organizations when seeking information on COVID-19 preventive measures on the internet. In this way, users will be able to obtain high-quality information more frequently, and such websites may improve their accessibility and positioning, given that search engines justify the positioning of links obtained in a search based on the frequency of access to them."}, {"pmid": 32437381, "pmcid": "PMC7241763", "title": "Influence of the pandemic dissemination of COVID-19 on radiotherapy practice: A flash survey in Germany, Austria and Switzerland.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Reuter-Oppermann, Melanie", "Muller-Polyzou, Ralf", "Wirtz, Holger", "Georgiadis, Anthimos"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437381", "countries": ["Germany", "Switzerland", "Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has already changed our globalised world and its long-term impact is not yet known. It is apparent that businesses and institutions are increasingly affected. COVID-19 discussions often focus on intensive care units in hospitals. However, COVID-19 also effects life-saving and -prolonging radiotherapy for patients suffering from cancer. We have conducted a structured online survey among medical physicists in Germany, Austria and Switzerland from March 23rd to 26th 2020. In total 154 responses (82 completed, 72 partially completed) were analysed in the context of the COVID-19 dissemination. 72.4% of the respondent's state that their processes are affected due to COVID-19, while the top three answers are longer processing times (54.2%), patient no-shows (42.5%) and staff reduction (36.7%). 75.8% expect further unavailability of their personnel in the upcoming weeks. All participants have already taken several measures, especially providing information for patients at the entrance (89.6%) or over the phone (73.6%), restricting access for accompanying persons (77.4%) and providing disinfectant at the entrance (72.6%). The results presented in this article aim to support business continuity and risk management for radiotherapy centres to prepare for future challenges. The results show that most radiotherapy centres has implemented initial contingency measures, applying them pragmatically. The main problem however remains, that is the high risk of infection both for patients and medical personnel along with the associated risk of temporarily loss of personnel and ordered closure of business."}, {"pmid": 32227474, "pmcid": "PMC7228281", "title": "The human rights of children with disabilities during health emergencies: the challenge of COVID-19.", "journal": "Dev Med Child Neurol", "authors": ["Schiariti, Veronica"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227474", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521329, "title": "Re:(In) visible impact of inadequate WaSH Provision on COVID-19 incidences can be not be ignored in large and megacities of India.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Das, A", "Ghosh, S", "Das, K", "Dutta, I", "Basu, T", "Das, M"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521329", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425231, "pmcid": "PMC7233227", "title": "COVID-19: Long-term Planning for Procedure-based Specialties During Extended Mitigation and Suppression Strategies.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Rouillard, Smita", "Liu, Vincent X", "Corley, Douglas A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425231", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372768, "pmcid": "PMC7198170", "title": "[Risk of hepatitis B reactivation associated with treatment against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) with corticosteroids].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Varona Perez, J", "Rodriguez Chinesta, J M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372768", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304561, "title": "Pediatric Endoscopy in the Era of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Position Paper.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Walsh, Catharine M", "Fishman, Douglas S", "Lerner, Diana G"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304561", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32507360, "title": "Delirium, sleep, COVID-19 and melatonin.", "journal": "Sleep Med", "authors": ["Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507360", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362294, "pmcid": "PMC7218216", "title": "Regional variation in trajectories of healthcare worker infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Bellizzi, Saverio", "Panu Napodano, Catello Mario", "Salaris, Paola", "Pichierri, Giuseppe", "Sotgiu, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362294", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494566, "pmcid": "PMC7258883", "title": "The Impact of Social Distancing on the Transmission of Influenza Virus, South Korea, 2020.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "authors": ["Choe, Young June", "Lee, Jong-Koo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494566", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527733, "title": "Where are the women? Gender inequalities in COVID-19 research authorship.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Pinho-Gomes, Ana-Catarina", "Peters, Sanne", "Thompson, Kelly", "Hockham, Carinna", "Ripullone, Katherine", "Woodward, Mark", "Carcel, Cheryl"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527733", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311498, "pmcid": "PMC7165103", "title": "The impact of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and long-term consequences.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Butler, Michael J", "Barrientos, Ruth M"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311498", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While all groups are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the elderly, underrepresented minorities, and those with underlying medical conditions are at the greatest risk. The high rate of consumption of diets high in saturated fats, sugars, and refined carbohydrates (collectively called Western diet, WD) worldwide, contribute to the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, and could place these populations at an increased risk for severe COVID-19 pathology and mortality. WD consumption activates the innate immune system and impairs adaptive immunity, leading to chronic inflammation and impaired host defense against viruses. Furthermore, peripheral inflammation caused by COVID-19 may have long-term consequences in those that recover, leading to chronic medical conditions such as dementia and neurodegenerative disease, likely through neuroinflammatory mechanisms that can be compounded by an unhealthy diet. Thus, now more than ever, wider access to healthy foods should be a top priority and individuals should be mindful of healthy eating habits to reduce susceptibility to and long-term complications from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32327866, "pmcid": "PMC7168448", "title": "Dynamic models for Coronavirus Disease 2019 and data analysis.", "journal": "Math Methods Appl Sci", "authors": ["Shao, Nian", "Zhong, Min", "Yan, Yue", "Pan, HanShuang", "Cheng, Jin", "Chen, Wenbin"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327866", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this letter, two time delay dynamic models, a Time Delay Dynamical-Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (TDD-NCP) model and Fudan-Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) model, are introduced to track the data of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The TDD-NCP model was developed recently by Cheng\u0105\u0155s group in Fudan and Shanghai University of Finance and Economics (SUFE). The TDD-NCP model introduced the time delay process into the differential equations to describe the latent period of the epidemic. The Fudan-CDCC model was established when Wenbin Chen suggested to determine the kernel functions in the TDD-NCP model by the public data from CDCC. By the public data of the cumulative confirmed cases in different regions in China and different countries, these models can clearly illustrate that the containment of the epidemic highly depends on early and effective isolations."}, {"pmid": 32512520, "title": "\"Does having diabetes increase chances of contracting COVID-19 infection?\"", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Gangopadhyay, Kalyan Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512520", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382127, "pmcid": "PMC7203720", "title": "NKG2A and COVID-19: another brick in the wall.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Antonioli, Luca", "Fornai, Matteo", "Pellegrini, Carolina", "Blandizzi, Corrado"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382127", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236385, "pmcid": "PMC7100949", "title": "Outbreak investigation in cargo ship in times of COVID-19 crisis, Port of Santos, Brazil.", "journal": "Rev Saude Publica", "authors": ["Fernandes, Eder Gatti", "Santos, Janice da Silva", "Sato, Helena Keico"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236385", "countries": ["China", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In February 2020, a Chinese cargo ship docked at the Port of Santos with reports of crew members with a feverish and respiratory condition. A team was gathered to verify the existence of suspected cases of COVID-19 inside the vessel and define its clearance. All 25 crew members were interviewed, and no suspected cases were found. The vessel was then cleared for port activities. The investigation resulted from the implementation of the contingency plan to face a public health emergency of international importance and several surveillance entities cooperated."}, {"pmid": 32519763, "title": "Letter to the Editor: The characteristics of two patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and HIV in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Wei", "Ma, Qiang", "Wang, Xiao", "Tang, Min", "Lin, Jie", "Xiao, Bin"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519763", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We reported two cases of COVID-19 patients co-infected with HIV. The SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test of patients turned negative while the clinical symptoms persisted, and interstitial pneumonia gradually deteriorated. The cases provided evidences to clinicians for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 patients co-infected with HIV. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32235161, "title": "COVID-19 and Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Global Experience and Provisional Guidance (March 2020) from the Paediatric IBD Porto group of ESPGHAN.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Turner, Dan", "Huang, Ying", "Martin-de-Carpi, Javier", "Aloi, Marina", "Focht, Gili", "Kang, Ben", "Zhou, Ying", "Sanchez, Cesar", "Kappelman, Michael D", "Uhlig, Holm H", "Pujol-Muncunill, Gemma", "Ledder, Oren", "Lionetti, Paolo", "Dias, Jorge Amil", "Ruemmele, Frank M", "Russell, Richard K"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235161", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32451939, "pmcid": "PMC7246959", "title": "\"Everything is a Mess\": How COVID-19 is Impacting Engagement with HIV Testing Services in Rural Southwestern Uganda.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Ponticiello, Matthew", "Mwanga-Amumpaire, Juliet", "Tushemereirwe, Patricia", "Nuwagaba, Gabriel", "King, Rachel", "Sundararajan, Radhika"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451939", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31959587, "title": "China coronavirus: cases surge as official admits human to human transmission.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Parry, Jane"], "date": "2020-01-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31959587", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471251, "title": "Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Iddir, Mohammed", "Brito, Alex", "Dingeo, Giulia", "Fernandez Del Campo, Sofia Sosa", "Samouda, Hanen", "La Frano, Michael R", "Bohn, Torsten"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) was announced as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Challenges arise concerning how to optimally support the immune system in the general population, especially under self-confinement. An optimal immune response depends on an adequate diet and nutrition in order to keep infection at bay. For example, sufficient protein intake is crucial for optimal antibody production. Low micronutrient status, such as of vitamin A or zinc, has been associated with increased infection risk. Frequently, poor nutrient status is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which in turn can impact the immune system. Dietary constituents with especially high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity include vitamin C, vitamin E, and phytochemicals such as carotenoids and polyphenols. Several of these can interact with transcription factors such as NF-kB and Nrf-2, related to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, respectively. Vitamin D in particular may perturb viral cellular infection via interacting with cell entry receptors (angiotensin converting enzyme 2), ACE2. Dietary fiber, fermented by the gut microbiota into short-chain fatty acids, has also been shown to produce anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, we highlight the importance of an optimal status of relevant nutrients to effectively reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby strengthening the immune system during the COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32355564, "pmcid": "PMC7192073", "title": "Consideration of dornase alfa for the treatment of severe COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Earhart, A P", "Holliday, Z M", "Hofmann, H V", "Schrum, A G"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355564", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We propose a likely contribution to severe COVID-19 morbidity by extracellular DNA in neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Dornase alfa degrades extracellular DNA to reduce mucus rigidity and accumulation, and was associated with respiratory improvement in a first patient. Dornase alfa should be considered for clinical trials in treatment of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32188598, "title": "Covid-19: how doctors and healthcare systems are tackling coronavirus worldwide.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins", "Hayasaki, Erika", "Zastrow, Mark", "Pulla, Priyanka", "Smith, Paul", "Rada, Acer Garcia"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188598", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416599, "pmcid": "PMC7189838", "title": "Comparison of four new commercial serologic assays for determination of SARS-CoV-2 IgG.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Kruttgen, Alexander", "Cornelissen, Christian G", "Dreher, Michael", "Hornef, Mathias", "Imohl, Matthias", "Kleines, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416599", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Facing the ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), there is an urgent need for serological assays identifying individuals with past coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our study is the first to compare four new commercially available assays using 75 sera from patients tested positive or negative by SARS-CoV-2 PCR: the anti SARS-CoV-2 ELISA (IgG) (Euroimmun, Germany), the EDI New Coronavirus COVID-19 IgG ELISA, (Epitope diagnostics (EDI), USA), the recomWell SARS-CoV-2 IgG ELISA (Mikrogen, Germany), and the SARS-CoV-2 Virachip IgG (Viramed, Germany). We found a sensitivity of 86.4 %, 100 %, 86.4 %, and 77.3 % and a specificity of 96,2 %, 88,7 %, 100 %, and 100 % for the Euroimmun assay, the EDI assay, the Mikrogen assay, and the Viramed assay, respectively. Commercially available SARS-CoV-2 IgG assays have a sufficient specificity and sensitivity for identifying individuals with past SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32376573, "pmcid": "PMC7167319", "title": "[Correlation between clinical classification of COVID-19 and imaging characteristics of MSCT volume scanning of the lungs].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Guo, Fei", "Zhu, Lin", "Xu, Hong", "Qin, Lei", "Liang, Xiaohan", "Deng, Xuefei"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376573", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the correlation between the clinical classification of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the imaging characteristics of multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) volume scanning of the lungs. The clinical data and thoracic MSCT volume scanning data were analyzed retrospectively for 102 patients with COVID-19 diagnosed and hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College between January 18 and February 26, 2020. According to the Fifth Edition of the Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines by the National Health Commission, the patients were divided into common type, severe type and critical type. The imaging characteristics including the lung sides of the lesions, lung segment involved, lesion distribution, and lesion number and density were compared among the patients with different clinical types of COVID-19. Seventy-seven of the patients had common type, 18 had severe type and 7 had critical type of COVID-19. The main clinical manifestations included fever, cough and fatigue. Severe and critical types were more frequently seen in elderly patients, who were more prone to show such symptoms as asthenia, breathing difficulty and dyspnea. Two patients presented with no obvious abnormality in the first CT examinations; in the remaining 100 patients, 89.0% had bilateral lung lesions, 16.0% had diffuse lesions, involving a mean of 6.56\u00b14.22 lung segments. Compared with the patients with the common type, the severe and critical patients had a significantly greater number of lung segments involved (P < 0.05), and were also more likely to show diffuse lesions (P < 0.05). The lesion side, lesion number or lesion density did not differ significantly among the patients with different clinical types of COVID-19 (P > 0.05). MSCT volume scanning not only allows early diagnosis of COVID-19 but also provides evidence for evaluating the severity of COVID-19 to assist in the clinical treatment of the patients."}, {"pmid": 32441332, "title": "Clinical course of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) in pregnancy.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Pereira, Augusto", "Cruz-Melguizo, Sara", "Adrien, Maria", "Fuentes, Lucia", "Marin, Eugenia", "Perez-Medina, Tirso"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441332", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study is to report our clinical experience in the management of pregnant women infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the first 30\u00a0days of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We reviewed clinical data from the first 60 pregnant women with COVID-19 whose care was managed at Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain from 14 March to 14 April 2020. Demographic data, clinical findings, laboratory test results, imaging findings, treatment received, and outcomes were collected. An analysis of variance (Kruskal-Wallis test) was performed to compare the medians of laboratory parameters. Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate categorical variables. A correspondence analysis was used to explore associations between variables. A total of 60 pregnant women were diagnosed with COVID-19. The most common symptoms were fever and cough (75.5% each) followed by dyspnea (37.8%). Forty-one women (68.6%) required hospital admission (18 because of disease worsening and 23 for delivery) of whom 21 women (35%) underwent pharmacological treatment, including hydroxychloroquine, antivirals, antibiotics, and tocilizumab. No renal or cardiac failures or maternal deaths were reported. Lymphopenia (50%), thrombocytopenia (25%), and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (59%) were observed in the early stages of the disease. Median CRP, D-dimer, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were elevated. High CRP and D-dimer levels were the parameters most frequently associated with severe pneumonia. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was found to be the most sensitive marker for disease improvement (relative risk 6.65; 95% CI 4.1-5.9). During the study period, 18 of the women (78%) delivered vaginally. All newborns tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 and none of them were infected during breastfeeding. No SARS-CoV-2 was detected in placental tissue. Most of the pregnant women with COVID-19 had a favorable clinical course. However, one-third of them developed pneumonia, of whom 5% presented a critical clinical status. CRP and D-dimer levels positively correlated with severe pneumonia and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio decreased as the patients improved clinically. Seventy-eight percent of the women had a vaginal delivery. No vertical or horizontal transmissions were diagnosed in the neonates during labor or breastfeeding."}, {"pmid": 32528128, "title": "Bat-borne virus diversity, spillover and emergence.", "journal": "Nat Rev Microbiol", "authors": ["Letko, Michael", "Seifert, Stephanie N", "Olival, Kevin J", "Plowright, Raina K", "Munster, Vincent J"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528128", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most viral pathogens in humans have animal origins and arose through cross-species transmission. Over the past 50 years, several viruses, including Ebola virus, Marburg virus, Nipah virus, Hendra virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2, have been linked back to various bat species. Despite decades of research into bats and the pathogens they carry, the fields of bat virus ecology and molecular biology are still nascent, with many questions largely unexplored, thus hindering our ability to anticipate and prepare for the next viral outbreak. In this Review, we discuss the latest advancements and understanding of bat-borne viruses, reflecting on current knowledge gaps and outlining the potential routes for future research as well as for outbreak response and prevention efforts."}, {"pmid": 32430150, "pmcid": "PMC7215190", "title": "Surgical strategies during the COVID-19 crisis: The Salzburg concept.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Presl, J", "Weitzendorfer, M", "Varga, M", "Borhanian, K", "Ciftci, S", "Emmanuel, K", "von Rahden, B H A"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430150", "countries": ["Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32174128, "title": "Clinical Features and Chest CT Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Single-Center Study in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Cheng, Zenghui", "Lu, Yong", "Cao, Qiqi", "Qin, Le", "Pan, Zilai", "Yan, Fuhua", "Yang, Wenjie"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174128", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. Confronting the new coronavirus infection known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is challenging and requires excluding patients with suspected COVID-19 who actually have other diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical features and CT manifestations of COVID-19 by comparing patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with patients with non-COVID-19 pneumonia who presented at a fever observation department in Shanghai, China. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Patients were retrospectively enrolled in the study from January 19 through February 6, 2020. All patients underwent real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. RESULTS. Eleven patients had RT-PCR test results that were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, whereas 22 patients had negative results. No statistical difference in clinical features was observed (p > 0.05), with the exception of leukocyte and platelet counts (p < 0.05). The mean (\u00b1 SD) interval between onset of symptoms and admission to the fever observation department was 4.40 \u00b1 2.00 and 5.52 \u00b1 4.00 days for patients with positive and negative RT-PCR test results, respectively. The frequency of opacifications in patients with positive results and patients with negative results, respectively, was as follows: ground-glass opacities (GGOs), 100.0% versus 90.9%; mixed GGO, 63.6% versus 72.7%; and consolidation, 54.5% versus 77.3%. In patients with positive RT-PCR results, GGOs were the most commonly observed opacification (seen in 100.0% of patients) and were predominantly located in the peripheral zone (100.0% of patients), compared with patients with negative results (31.8%) (p = 0.05). The median number of affected lung lobes and segments was higher in patients with positive RT-PCR results than in those with negative RT-PCR results (five vs 3.5 affected lobes and 15 vs nine affected segments; p < 0.05). Although the air bronchogram reticular pattern was more frequently seen in patients with positive results, centrilobular nodules were less frequently seen in patients with positive results. CONCLUSION. At the point during the COVID-19 outbreak when this study was performed, imaging patterns of multifocal, peripheral, pure GGO, mixed GGO, or consolidation with slight predominance in the lower lung and findings of more extensive GGO than consolidation on chest CT scans obtained during the first week of illness were considered findings highly suspicious of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32448332, "pmcid": "PMC7245635", "title": "Duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in asymptomatic carriers.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Yan, Xiquan", "Han, Xiaotong", "Fan, Yong", "Fang, Zhixiong", "Long, Da", "Zhu, Yimin"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448332", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406904, "pmcid": "PMC7239236", "title": "Clinical trials: management of investigational products during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Flet, Laurent", "Tching-Sin, Martine", "Chanat, Adeline", "Gendre, Pauline", "Tibi, Annick"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406904", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32294289, "pmcid": "PMC7262050", "title": "Venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Porfidia, Angelo", "Pola, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294289", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354181, "title": "Twenty-Year Span of Global Coronavirus Research Trends: A Bibliometric Analysis.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Zhou, Yi", "Chen, Liyu"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354181", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic aroused global public concern and became a major medical issue. This study aims to investigate the global research routine and trends of coronavirus over the last twenty years based on the production, hotspots, and frontiers of published articles as well as to provide the global health system with a bibliometric reference. The Web of Science core collection database was retrieved for coronavirus articles published from 1 January 2000 to 17 March 2020. Duplicates and discrete papers were excluded. Analysis parameters including time, regions, impact factors, and citation times were processed through professional software. A total of 9043 coronavirus articles originated from 123 countries and were published in 1202 journals. The USA contributed most articles (3101) followed by China (2230). The research was published in specialized journals including the Journal of Virology. Universities were the main institutions of science progress. High-impact articles covered fields of basic science and clinical medicine. There were two sharp increases in research yields after the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreaks. International collaborations promoted study progress, and universities and academies act as the main force in coronavirus research. More research on prevention and treatment is needed according to an analysis of term density."}, {"pmid": 32472140, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call to Action for Health Systems in Latin America to Strengthen Quality of Care.", "journal": "Int J Qual Health Care", "authors": ["Ezequiel, GarciaElorrio", "Jafet, Arrieta", "Hugo, Arce", "Pedro, Delgado", "Maria, Malik Ana", "Carola, Orrego Villagran", "Sofia, Rincon", "Odet, Sarabia", "Teresa, Tono", "Jorge, Hermida", "Enrique, Ruelas Barajas"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313848, "pmcid": "PMC7166005", "title": "Precision medicine in COVID-19: IL-1beta a potential target.", "journal": "JACC Basic Transl Sci", "authors": ["Parisi, Valentina", "Leosco, Dario"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313848", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405074, "pmcid": "PMC7219376", "title": "Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 virus invading the human placenta using electron microscopy.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Algarroba, Gabriela N", "Rekawek, Patricia", "Vahanian, Sevan A", "Khullar, Poonam", "Palaia, Thomas", "Peltier, Morgan R", "Chavez, Martin R", "Vintzileos, Anthony M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405074", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427582, "title": "Clinical and pathological investigation of severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "JCI Insight", "authors": ["Li, Shaohua", "Jiang, Lina", "Li, Xi", "Lin, Fang", "Wang, Yijin", "Li, Boan", "Jiang, Tianjun", "An, Weimin", "Liu, Shuhong", "Liu, Hongyang", "Xu, Pengfei", "Zhao, Lihua", "Zhang, Lixin", "Mu, Jinsong", "Wang, Hongwei", "Kang, Jiarui", "Li, Yan", "Huang, Lei", "Zhu, Caizhong", "Zhao, Shousong", "Lu, Jiangyang", "Ji, Junsheng", "Zhao, Jingmin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427582", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic. This study addressed the clinical and immunopathological characteristics of severe COVID-19. Sixty-nine COVID-19 patients were classified into as severe and non-severe groups to analyze their clinical and laboratory characteristics. A panel of blood cytokines was quantified over time. Biopsy specimens from two deceased cases were obtained for immunopathological, ultrastructural, and in situ hybridization examinations. Circulating cytokines, including IL8, IL6, TNF\u03b1, IP10, MCP1, and RANTES, were significantly elevated in severe COVID-19 patients. Dynamic IL6 and IL8 were associated with disease progression. SARS-CoV-2 was demonstrated to infect type II, type I pneumocytes and endothelial cells, leading to severe lung damage through cell pyroptosis and apoptosis. In severe cases, lymphopenia, neutrophilia, depletion of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, and massive macrophage and neutrophil infiltrates were observed in both blood and lung tissues. A panel of circulating cytokines could be used to predict disease deterioration and inform clinical interventions. Severe pulmonary damage was predominantly attributed to both SARS-CoV-2 caused cytopathy and immunopathologic damage. Strategies that encourage pulmonary recruitment and overactivation of inflammatory cells by suppressing cytokine storm might improve the outcomes of severe COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32493734, "title": "New spectrum of COVID-19 manifestations in children: Kawasaki-like syndrome and hyperinflammatory response.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Panupattanapong, Sirada", "Brooks, Elizabeth B"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493734", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since late April 2020, data regarding Kawasaki-like syndrome and hyperinflammatory response in children associated with COVID-19 has rapidly emerged. Much remains unknown about the risk factors, pathogenesis, prognosis, and specific therapy for this emerging manifestation of COVID-19 known as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). MIS-C is rare and early recognition is crucial though no standardized treatment guideline have been established. Worldwide collaboration will be important as more cases are recognized going forward."}, {"pmid": 32389601, "pmcid": "PMC7196400", "title": "The Role of Repeat Chest CT Scan in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Mahdavi, Ali", "Haseli, Sara", "Mahdavi, Arash", "Bakhshayeshkaram, Mehrdad", "Foroumandi, Morteza", "Nekooghadam, Sayyed Mojtaba", "Raoufi, Masoomeh", "Taheri, Morteza Sanei"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389601", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233337, "title": "Paying for Medicaid - State Budgets and the Case for Expansion in the Time of Coronavirus.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Gruber, Jonathan", "Sommers, Benjamin D"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233337", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392627, "title": "Reply to Wachholz and Jacinto.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["D'Adamo, Heather", "Yoshikawa, Thomas", "Ouslander, Joseph G"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392627", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506942, "title": "Telemedicine for Diabetes After the COVID-19 Pandemic: We Can't Put the Toothpaste Back in the Tube or Turn Back the Clock.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Klonoff, David C"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506942", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445682, "pmcid": "PMC7239613", "title": "COVID-19: overcoming the challenges faced by individuals with autism and their families.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Eshraghi, Adrien A", "Li, Crystal", "Alessandri, Michael", "Messinger, Daniel S", "Eshraghi, Rebecca S", "Mittal, Rahul", "Armstrong, F Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445682", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425465, "pmcid": "PMC7228704", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes: No time to drag our feet during an untimely pandemic.", "journal": "J Diabetes Complications", "authors": ["Kyrou, Ioannis", "Robbins, Tim", "Randeva, Harpal S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425465", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32218151, "pmcid": "PMC7232164", "title": "Structural Genomics of SARS-CoV-2 Indicates Evolutionary Conserved Functional Regions of Viral Proteins.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Srinivasan, Suhas", "Cui, Hongzhu", "Gao, Ziyang", "Liu, Ming", "Lu, Senbao", "Mkandawire, Winnie", "Narykov, Oleksandr", "Sun, Mo", "Korkin, Dmitry"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218151", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During its first two and a half months, the recently emerged 2019 novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has already infected over one-hundred thousand people worldwide and has taken more than four thousand lives. However, the swiftly spreading virus also caused an unprecedentedly rapid response from the research community facing the unknown health challenge of potentially enormous proportions. Unfortunately, the experimental research to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the viral infection and to design a vaccine or antivirals is costly and takes months to develop. To expedite the advancement of our knowledge, we leveraged data about the related coronaviruses that is readily available in public databases and integrated these data into a single computational pipeline. As a result, we provide comprehensive structural genomics and interactomics roadmaps of SARS-CoV-2 and use this information to infer the possible functional differences and similarities with the related SARS coronavirus. All data are made publicly available to the research community."}, {"pmid": 32351056, "pmcid": "PMC7231477", "title": "Decoding the evolution and transmissions of the novel pneumonia coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 / HCoV-19) using whole genomic data.", "journal": "Zool Res", "authors": ["Yu, Wen-Bin", "Tang, Guang-Da", "Zhang, Li", "Corlett, Richard T"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351056", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 started in mid-December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Up to 29 February 2020, SARS-CoV-2 (HCoV-19 / 2019-nCoV) had infected more than 85 000 people in the world. In this study, we used 93 complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the GISAID EpiFlu TM database to investigate the evolution and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in the first two months of the outbreak. We constructed haplotypes of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes, performed phylogenomic analyses and estimated the potential population size changes of the virus. The date of population expansion was calculated based on the expansion parameter tau ( \u03c4) using the formula t= \u03c4/2 u. A total of 120 substitution sites with 119 codons, including 79 non-synonymous and 40 synonymous substitutions, were found in eight coding-regions in the SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Forty non-synonymous substitutions are potentially associated with virus adaptation. No combinations were detected. The 58 haplotypes (31 found in samples from China and 31 from outside China) were identified in 93 viral genomes under study and could be classified into five groups. By applying the reported bat coronavirus genome (bat-RaTG13-CoV) as the outgroup, we found that haplotypes H13 and H38 might be considered as ancestral haplotypes, and later H1 was derived from the intermediate haplotype H3. The population size of the SARS-CoV-2 was estimated to have undergone a recent expansion on 06 January 2020, and an early expansion on 08 December 2019. Furthermore, phyloepidemiologic approaches have recovered specific directions of human-to-human transmissions and the potential sources for international infected cases."}, {"pmid": 32358977, "pmcid": "PMC7267576", "title": "New clinical needs and strategies for care in children with neurodisability during COVID-19.", "journal": "Dev Med Child Neurol", "authors": ["Fazzi, Elisa", "Galli, Jessica"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358977", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358130, "title": "An update on our response to Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358130", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BVA is working hard to keep the veterinary profession informed and supported during these challenging and unpredictable times."}, {"pmid": 32493073, "title": "COVID-19 Presented With Deep Vein Thrombosis: An Unusual Presenting.", "journal": "J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep", "authors": ["Davoodi, Lotfollah", "Jafarpour, Hamed", "Taghavi, Morteza", "Razavi, Alireza"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493073", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization was informed of a cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown cause detected in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. The pneumonia was caused by a virus called SARS-Cov-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which was later named coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19). The symptoms most commonly reported by patients affected by COVID-19 include fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. In this report, we present a case of a 57-year-old woman who presented to the clinic's infectious department with swelling, pain, warmth, and redness in the left leg who was treated with therapeutic heparin. There were no typical and distinguished symptoms of COVID-19, and she had no risk factor for deep vein thrombosis. Then chest X-ray revealed bilateral patchy ground-glass opacity, and computed tomography angiography was performed to rule out pulmonary thromboembolism, which showed no evidence of thrombosis. Left lower limb venous color Doppler ultrasound revealed dilatation and thrombosis in the external iliac and left iliac veins up to the level of the bifurcation of the common iliac veins, as well as thrombosis to the superficial and small saphenous veins. Because of ground-glass opacity and lymphopenia, nasal swabs were used for sampling, and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This case aims to arouse the medical staff's awareness of deep vein thrombosis as a clinical symptom of COVID-19 even if the patient has no typical symptoms of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32278371, "pmcid": "PMC7146687", "title": "Centring sexual and reproductive health and justice in the global COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Hall, Kelli Stidham", "Samari, Goleen", "Garbers, Samantha", "Casey, Sara E", "Diallo, Dazon Dixon", "Orcutt, Miriam", "Moresky, Rachel T", "Martinez, Micaela Elvira", "McGovern, Terry"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278371", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332075, "title": "Patients with lupus are not protected from COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Sawalha, Amr H"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332075", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275287, "title": "COVID-19 in Italy: impact of containment measures and prevalence estimates of infection in the general population.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Signorelli, Carlo", "Scognamiglio, Thea", "Odone, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275287", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy, the Italian Government implemented several restrictive measures to contain the spread of the infection. Data shows that, among these measures, the lockdown implemented as of 9 March had a positive impact, in particular\u00a0 the central and southern regions of Italy, while other actions appeared to be less effective. When the true prevalence of a disease is unknown, it is possible estimate it, based on mortality data and the assumptive case-fatality rate of the disease. Given these assumptions, the estimated period-prevalence of COVID-19 in Italy varies from 0.35% in Sicity to 13.3% in Lombardy."}, {"pmid": 32405094, "pmcid": "PMC7219419", "title": "How SARS-CoV-2 is forcing us to reconsider and reorganize our daily neurosurgical practice.", "journal": "Neurochirurgie", "authors": ["Chibbaro, S", "Ganau, M", "Todeschi, J", "Proust, F", "Cebula, H"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405094", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523149, "title": "Medical Education during the health contingency by COVID-19: Lessons for the future.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Sierra-Fernandez, Carlos R", "Lopez-Meneses, Mauricio", "Azar-Manzur, Francisco", "Trevethan-Cravioto, Sergio"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523149", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302286, "pmcid": "PMC7234719", "title": "Augmenting the Disaster Healthcare Workforce.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Iserson, Kenneth V"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302286", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic, we need to use all available resources to bolster our healthcare workforce. Many factors go into this process, including selecting the groups of professionals we will need, streamlining their licensing and credentialing processes, identifying appropriate roles for them, and supporting their health and well-being. The questions we must answer are these: How many staff will we need? How do we provide them with emergency licenses and credentials to practice? What interstate licensing compacts and registration systems exist to facilitate the process? What caveats are there to using retired healthcare professionals and healthcare students? How can we best avoid attrition among and increase the numbers of international medical graduates? Which non-clinical volunteers can we use and in what capacities? The answers to these questions will change as the crisis develops, although the earlier we address them, the smoother will be the process of using augmentees for the healthcare system."}, {"pmid": 32471829, "pmcid": "PMC7267882", "title": "Novel Immunoglobulin Domain Proteins Provide Insights into Evolution and Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-Related Viruses.", "journal": "mBio", "authors": ["Tan, Yongjun", "Schneider, Theresa", "Leong, Matthew", "Aravind, L", "Zhang, Dapeng"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471829", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recently identified as the causative agent for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak that has generated a global health crisis. We use a combination of genomic analysis and sensitive profile-based sequence and structure analysis to understand the potential pathogenesis determinants of this virus. As a result, we identify several fast-evolving genomic regions that might be at the interface of virus-host interactions, corresponding to the receptor binding domain of the Spike protein, the three tandem Macro fold domains in ORF1a, and the uncharacterized protein ORF8. Further, we show that ORF8 and several other proteins from alpha- and beta-CoVs belong to novel families of immunoglobulin (Ig) proteins. Among them, ORF8 is distinguished by being rapidly evolving, possessing a unique insert, and having a hypervariable position among SARS-CoV-2 genomes in its predicted ligand-binding groove. We also uncover numerous Ig domain proteins from several unrelated metazoan viruses, which are distinct in sequence and structure but share comparable architectures to those of the CoV Ig domain proteins. Hence, we propose that SARS-CoV-2 ORF8 and other previously unidentified CoV Ig domain proteins fall under the umbrella of a widespread strategy of deployment of Ig domain proteins in animal viruses as pathogenicity factors that modulate host immunity. The rapid evolution of the ORF8 Ig domain proteins points to a potential evolutionary arms race between viruses and hosts, likely arising from immune pressure, and suggests a role in transmission between distinct host species.IMPORTANCE The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic strongly emphasizes the need for a more complete understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of its causative agent SARS-CoV-2. Despite intense scrutiny, several proteins encoded by the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and other SARS-like coronaviruses remain enigmatic. Moreover, the high infectivity and severity of SARS-CoV-2 in certain individuals make wet-lab studies currently challenging. In this study, we used a series of computational strategies to identify several fast-evolving regions of SARS-CoV-2 proteins which are potentially under host immune pressure. Most notably, the hitherto-uncharacterized protein encoded by ORF8 is one of them. Using sensitive sequence and structural analysis methods, we show that ORF8 and several other proteins from alpha- and beta-coronavirus comprise novel families of immunoglobulin domain proteins, which might function as potential immune modulators to delay or attenuate the host immune response against the viruses."}, {"pmid": 32387274, "pmcid": "PMC7174172", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 and men's reproductive health.", "journal": "Fertil Steril", "authors": ["Eisenberg, Michael L"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387274", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289099, "pmcid": "PMC7129745", "title": "IDM editorial statement on the 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Infect Dis Model", "authors": ["Shao, Yiming", "Wu, Jianhong"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289099", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333619, "pmcid": "PMC7267296", "title": "Topical preparations to reduce SARS-CoV-2 aerosolization in head and neck mucosal surgery.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Parhar, Harman S", "Tasche, Kendall", "Brody, Robert M", "Weinstein, Gregory S", "O'Malley, Bert W Jr", "Shanti, Rabie M", "Newman, Jason G"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has put health care workers at risk when exposed to aerosolized viral particles during upper airway mucosal surgery. The objective of this review was to discuss topical preparations that could be utilized preoperatively to help to decrease viral load and potentially reduce the risks of viral transmission. A PubMed/MEDLINE database review of articles was performed querying topical preparations with virucidal activity against coronaviruses. Povidone-iodine (PVP-I) solutions ranging from 0.23% to 7% have been found to demonstrate highly effective virucidal activity against a broad range of viruses including several coronaviruses responsible for recent epidemics including SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. While specific evidence regarding SARS-CoV-2 is lacking, PVP-I-based preparations have been successfully demonstrated to reduce viral loads of coronaviruses. They are relatively safe to use in the upper airway and may reduce risk of SARS-CoV-2 aerosolization during upper airway mucosal surgery."}, {"pmid": 32034840, "pmcid": "PMC7168047", "title": "Public responses to the novel 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Japan: Mental health consequences and target populations.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Shigemura, Jun", "Ursano, Robert J", "Morganstein, Joshua C", "Kurosawa, Mie", "Benedek, David M"], "date": "2020-02-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32034840", "countries": ["Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356322, "pmcid": "PMC7267346", "title": "Special considerations in the management of patients with myelodysplastic myndrome / myeloproliferative neoplasm overlap syndromes during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Patnaik, Mrinal M", "Lasho, Terra", "Padron, Eric", "McCullough, Kristen", "Al-Kali, Aref", "Tefferi, Ayalew", "Zeidan, Amer M", "Gangat, Naseema", "Savona, Michael", "Steensma, David P", "Solary, Eric"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356322", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203371, "title": "Coronavirus lockdown: What I learnt when I shut my cancer lab in 48 hours.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Bardelli, Alberto"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203371", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220202, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Zavascki, Alexandre P", "Falci, Diego R"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220202", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475615, "pmcid": "PMC7205726", "title": "Erythema multiforme in the context of SARS-Coronavirus-2 infection.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Sanchez-Velazquez, Alba", "Falkenhain, Daniel", "Rivera Diaz, Raquel"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475615", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221165, "pmcid": "PMC7258751", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Pediatric Department in Milan: A Logistic Rather Than a Clinical Emergency.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Chidini, Giovanna", "Villa, Cristina", "Calderini, Edoardo", "Marchisio, Paola", "De Luca, Daniele"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221165", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332027, "title": "Administration of end-of-life drugs by family caregivers during covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bowers, Ben", "Pollock, Kristian", "Barclay, Stephen"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332027", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527736, "title": "Covid-19: Children with conditions managed in primary care may not need to shield.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527736", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346679, "pmcid": "PMC7118363", "title": "Editorial: Geriatric medicine in Italy in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Cesari, M", "Proietti, M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346679", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472936, "title": "Maximum Daily Temperature, Precipitation, Ultra-Violet Light and Rates of Transmission of SARS-Cov-2 in the United States.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Sehra, Shiv T", "Salciccioli, Justin D", "Wiebe, Douglas J", "Fundin, Shelby", "Baker, Joshua F"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472936", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous reports have suggested that transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is reduced by higher temperatures and higher humidity. We analyzed case-data from the United States to investigate effects of temperature, precipitation, and UV Light on community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Daily reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 across the United States from 01/22/2020 to 04/03/2020 were analyzed. We used negative binomial regression modelling to investigate whether daily maximum temperature, precipitation, UV Index and the incidence 5 days later were related. We performed sensitivity analyses at 3 days, 7 days and 9 days to assess transmission lags. A maximum temperature greater than 52\u00b0F on a given day was associated with a lower rate of new cases at 5 days[IRR: 0.85(0.76,0.96)p=0.009]. Among observations with daily temperatures below 52\u00b0F, there was a significant inverse association between the maximum daily temperature and the rate of cases at 5 days [IRR 0.98(0.97,0.99)p=0.001]. The rate of new cases was predicted to be lower for theoretical states that maintained a stable maximum daily temperature above 52\u00b0F with a predicted 23-fewer cases per-million per-day by 25 days of the epidemic. A 1-unit higher UV index was associated with a lower rate at 5 days [IRR 0.97(0.95,0.99)p=0.004]. Precipitation was not associated with a greater rate of cases at 5 days [IRR 0.98(0.89,1.08)p=0.65]. The incidence of disease declines with increasing temperature up until 52\u00b0F and is lower at warmer versus cooler temperatures. However, the association between temperature and transmission is small and transmission is likely to remain high at warmer temperatures."}, {"pmid": 32246915, "pmcid": "PMC7146645", "title": "Racism and discrimination in COVID-19 responses.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Devakumar, Delan", "Shannon, Geordan", "Bhopal, Sunil S", "Abubakar, Ibrahim"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246915", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394505, "pmcid": "PMC7235473", "title": "The 2019 human coronavirus: Ten areas of uncertainty waiting to be resolved.", "journal": "Rev Med Virol", "authors": ["Mortimer, Philip P"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394505", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268381, "title": "Neonatal Resuscitation and Postresuscitation Care of Infants Born to Mothers with Suspected or Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Chandrasekharan, Praveen", "Vento, Maximo", "Trevisanuto, Daniele", "Partridge, Elizabeth", "Underwood, Mark A", "Wiedeman, Jean", "Katheria, Anup", "Lakshminrusimha, Satyan"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268381", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in November2019. The rapid progression to a global pandemic of COVID-19 has had profound medical, social, and economic consequences. Pregnant women and newborns represent a vulnerable population. However, the precise impact of this novel virus on the fetus and neonate remains uncertain. Appropriate protection of health care workers and newly born infants during and after delivery by a COVID-19 mother is essential. There is some disagreement among expert organizations on an optimal approach based on resource availability, surge volume, and potential risk of transmission. The manuscript outlines the precautions and steps to be taken before, during, and after resuscitation of a newborn born to a COVID-19 mother, including three optional variations of current standards involving shared-decision making with parents for perinatal management, resuscitation of the newborn, disposition, nutrition, and postdischarge care. The availability of resources may also drive the application of these guidelines. More evidence and research are needed to assess the risk of vertical and horizontal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on fetal and neonatal outcomes. \u00b7 The risk of vertical transmission is unclear; transmission from family members/providers to neonates is possible.. \u00b7 Optimal personal-protective-equipment (airborne vs. droplet/contact precautions) for providers is crucial to prevent transmission.. \u00b7 Parents should be engaged in shared decision-making with options for rooming in, skin-to-skin contact, and breastfeeding.."}, {"pmid": 32220422, "pmcid": "PMC7102561", "title": "The host's angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphism may explain epidemiological findings in COVID-19 infections.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Delanghe, Joris R", "Speeckaert, Marijn M", "De Buyzere, Marc L"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220422", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447425, "pmcid": "PMC7245576", "title": "Fatal SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in course of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease.", "journal": "Ann Hematol", "authors": ["Roncati, Luca", "Lusenti, Beatrice", "Nasillo, Vincenzo", "Manenti, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447425", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349259, "pmcid": "PMC7246918", "title": "Covid-19 Outbreak Progression in Italian Regions: Approaching the Peak by the End of March in Northern Italy and First Week of April in Southern Italy.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Distante, Cosimo", "Piscitelli, Prisco", "Miani, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349259", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Epidemiological figures of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Italy are higher than those observed in China. Our objective was to model the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak progression in Italian regions vs. Lombardy to assess the epidemic's progression. Our setting was Italy, and especially Lombardy, which is experiencing a heavy burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The peak of new daily cases of the epidemic has been reached on the 29th, while was delayed in Central and Southern Italian regions compared to Northern ones. In our models, we estimated the basic reproduction number (R0), which represents the average number of people that can be infected by a person who has already acquired the infection, both by fitting the exponential growth rate of the infection across a 1-month period and also by using day-by-day assessments based on single observations. We used the susceptible-exposed-infected-removed (SEIR) compartment model to predict the spreading of the pandemic in Italy. The two methods provide an agreement of values, although the first method based on exponential fit should provide a better estimation, being computed on the entire time series. Taking into account the growth rate of the infection across a 1-month period, each infected person in Lombardy has involved 4 other people (3.6 based on data of April 23rd) compared to a value of R0 = 2.68, as reported in the Chinese city of Wuhan. According to our model, Piedmont, Veneto, Emilia Romagna, Tuscany and Marche will reach an R0 value of up to 3.5. The R0 was 3.11 for Lazio and 3.14 for the Campania region, where the latter showed the highest value among the Southern Italian regions, followed by Apulia (3.11), Sicily (2.99), Abruzzo (3.0), Calabria (2.84), Basilicata (2.66), and Molise (2.6). The R0 value is decreased in Lombardy and the Northern regions, while it is increased in Central and Southern regions. The expected peak of the SEIR model is set at the end of March, at a national level, with Southern Italian regions reaching the peak in the first days of April. Regarding the strengths and limitations of this study, our model is based on assumptions that might not exactly correspond to the evolution of the epidemic. What we know about the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic is based on Chinese data that seems to be different than those from Italy; Lombardy is experiencing an evolution of the epidemic that seems unique inside Italy and Europe, probably due to demographic and environmental factors."}, {"pmid": 32373463, "pmcid": "PMC7198410", "title": "Letter to the editor - Is it really COVID-19?", "journal": "HeartRhythm Case Rep", "authors": ["Betancor, Ivan Hernandez", "Orozco Garduno, Josue A", "Juarez Prera, Ruben A", "Ojeda, Francisco Bosa"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373463", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212348, "title": "Why is COVID-19 so mild in children?", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Brodin, Petter"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212348", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405872, "pmcid": "PMC7220621", "title": "COVID-19 - ESSKA guidelines and recommendations for resuming elective surgery.", "journal": "J Exp Orthop", "authors": ["Mouton, Caroline", "Hirschmann, Michael T", "Ollivier, Matthieu", "Seil, Romain", "Menetrey, Jacques"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405872", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The roadmap to elective surgery resumption after this COVID-19 pandemic should be progressive and cautious. The aim of this paper was to give recommendations and guidelines for resuming elective orthopedic surgery in the safest environment possible. Elective surgery should be performed in COVID-free facilities and hospital stay should be as short as possible. For matters of safety, patients considered first for surgery should be carefully selected according to COVID infection status/exposure, age, ASA physical status classification system / risk factors, socio-professional situation and surgical indication. A strategy for resuming elective surgery in four phases is proposed. Preoperative testing for COVID-19 infection is highly recommended. In any cases, COVID symptoms including fever and increased temperature should be constantly monitored until the day of surgery. Elective surgery should be postponed at the slightest suspicion of a COVID-19 infection. In case of surgery, adapted personal protective equipment in terms of gowns, gloves, masks and eye protection is highly recommended and described."}, {"pmid": 32305740, "pmcid": "PMC7156948", "title": "Severe COVID-19 infection associated with endothelial activation.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Escher, Robert", "Breakey, Neal", "Lammle, Bernhard"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305740", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32310318, "pmcid": "PMC7264564", "title": "Our education, our concerns: The impact on medical student education of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Theoret, Cara", "Ming, Xue"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310318", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324100, "pmcid": "PMC7233392", "title": "Imaging Publications in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Applying New Research Results to Clinical Practice.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Eng, John", "Bluemke, David A"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324100", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489179, "pmcid": "PMC7268273", "title": "No evidence of secondary transmission of COVID-19 from children attending school in Ireland, 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Heavey, Laura", "Casey, Geraldine", "Kelly, Ciara", "Kelly, David", "McDarby, Geraldine"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489179", "countries": ["Ireland"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As many countries begin to lift some of the restrictions to contain COVID-19 spread, lack of evidence of transmission in the school setting remains. We examined Irish notifications of SARS-CoV2 in the school setting before school closures on 12 March 2020 and identified no paediatric transmission. This adds to current evidence that children do not appear to be drivers of transmission, and we argue that reopening schools should be considered safe accompanied by certain measures."}, {"pmid": 32344438, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Nuclear Medicine in Germany, Austria and Switzerland: An International Survey in April 2020.", "journal": "Nuklearmedizin", "authors": ["Freudenberg, Lutz S", "Dittmer, Ulf", "Herrmann, Ken"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344438", "countries": ["Germany", "Switzerland", "Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2002Preparations of health systems to accommodate large number of severely ill COVID-19 patients in March/April 2020 has a significant impact on nuclear medicine departments. \u2002A web-based questionnaire was designed to differentiate the impact of the pandemic on inpatient and outpatient nuclear medicine operations and on public versus private health systems, respectively. Questions were addressing the following issues: impact on nuclear medicine diagnostics and therapy, use of recommendations, personal protective equipment, and organizational adaptations. The survey was available for 6 days and closed on April 20, 2020. \u2002113 complete responses were recorded. Nearly all participants (97\u200a%) report a decline of nuclear medicine diagnostic procedures. The mean reduction in the last three weeks for PET/CT, scintigraphies of bone, myocardium, lung thyroid, sentinel lymph-node are -14.4\u200a%, -47.2\u200a%, -47.5\u200a%, -40.7\u200a%, -58.4\u200a%, and -25.2\u200a% respectively. Furthermore, 76\u200a% of the participants report a reduction in therapies especially for benign thyroid disease (-41.8\u200a%) and radiosynoviorthesis (-53.8\u200a%) while tumor therapies remained mainly stable. 48\u200a% of the participants report a shortage of personal protective equipment. \u2002Nuclear medicine services are notably reduced 3 weeks after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic reached Germany, Austria and Switzerland on a large scale. We must be aware that the current crisis will also have a significant economic impact on the healthcare system. As the survey cannot adapt to daily dynamic changes in priorities, it serves as a first snapshot requiring follow-up studies and comparisons with other countries and regions."}, {"pmid": 32232422, "title": "Humans, Viruses, and the Eye-An Early Report From the COVID-19 Front Line.", "journal": "JAMA Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Sommer, Alfred"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232422", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202608, "pmcid": "PMC7091374", "title": "Ethics Committee Reviews of Applications for Research Studies at 1 Hospital in China During the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Epidemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Zhang, Hui", "Shao, Fengmin", "Gu, Jianqin", "Li, Li", "Wang, Yuming"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202608", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393594, "title": "Management of patients with COPD during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Attaway, Amy"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393594", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with COPD have an increased risk for severity of COVID-19. Flu-like symptoms with dyspnea may distinguish COVID-19 infection from dyspnea due to a COPD-related exacerbation. Management of COPD with COVID-19 warrants standard-of-care treatment with antimicrobial agents and corticosteroids, though limiting the dose and duration of steroids use may be warranted due to the risk of increased viral shedding. Modalities to treat acute respiratory failure can be used with some caveats. Patients with COPD and COVID-19 infection who treat their illness at home should self-isolate, use nebulizers in ways that avoid viral aerosolization, and frequently disinfect room surfaces."}, {"pmid": 32434598, "title": "Can We Expect an Increased Suicide Rate Due to Covid-19?", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Devitt, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434598", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human disasters come in all shapes and sizes including wars, terrorist violence, natural events, economic recessions and depressions as well as infection. As a species more fragile than we often allow, humans would be expected to adversely react to these types of disasters in terms of mental ill health and possibly suicidal behaviour leading to increased demands on the Mental Health services. This narrative historical paper examines relevant studies into how previous disasters affected mental health and suicidal behaviour. The characteristics of what is known of the current Covid-19 disease are analysed and compared to other types of disasters with a view to gaining some insight into what we might expect. Of all the types of disasters, economic recession appears most toxic. Mitigating the worst effects of recession appears to be protective. Particularly vulnerable groups are identified in whom we might expect an increase in suicidal behaviour."}, {"pmid": 32314685, "pmcid": "PMC7253094", "title": "Case Report: The First Case of COVID-19 in Bhutan.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["LeVine, Shankar", "Dhakal, Guru Prasad", "Penjor, Tshering", "Chuki, Pem", "Namgyal, Kesang", "Tshokey", "Watts, Melanie"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314685", "countries": ["United States", "Bhutan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The initial cases of novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in a country are of utmost importance given their impact on healthcare providers, the country's preparedness response, and the initial molding of the public perception toward this pandemic. In Bhutan, the index case was a 76-year-old immunocompromised man who had traveled from the United States and entered Bhutan as a tourist. He presented initially with vague gastrointerestinal symptoms and later a cough. His atypical presentation led to a delay in diagnosis, but ultimately he was isolated and tested. On confirming the diagnosis of COVID-19, the patient was isolated in a separate hospital with a dedicated medical care team. All contacts were traced and quarantined. The patient's respiratory status deteriorated despite broad-spectrum antivirals, antibiotics, and intensive supportive care. He required intubation and was given a trial of intravenous immunoglobulin to modulate his likely aberrant immune response. Subsequently, the patient's clinical status improved, and after 8 days of hospitalization, he was transferred out of the country, where he recovered. This was a learning experience for the treating medical staff, the government, and the people of Bhutan."}, {"pmid": 32371815, "pmcid": "PMC7236840", "title": "Hypertension and coronavirus disease 2019: what do we really know?", "journal": "J Hypertens", "authors": ["Mandler, Ari G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371815", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32023682, "title": "[2019-nCoV: new challenges from coronavirus].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tian, H Y"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023682", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV in Wuhan, Hubei province of China, at the end of 2019 shaped tremendous challenges to China's public health and clinical treatment. The virus belongs to the \u03b2 genus Coronavirus in the family Corornaviridae, and is closely related to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, causing severe symptoms of pneumonia. The virus is transmitted through droplets, close contact, and other means, and patients in the incubation period could potentially transmit the virus to other persons. According to current observations, 2019-nCoV is weaker than SARS in pathogenesis, but has stronger transmission competence; it's mechanism of cross-species spread might be related with angiotensin-converting enzyme \u2161 (ACE2), which is consistent with the receptor SARS-CoV. After the outbreak of this disease, Chinese scientists invested a lot of energy to carry out research by developing rapid diagnostic reagents, identifying the characters of the pathogen, screening out clinical drugs that may inhibit the virus, and are rapidly developing vaccines. The emergence of 2019-nCoV reminds us once again of the importance of establishing a systematic coronavirus surveillance network. It also poses new challenges to prevention and control of the emerging epidemic and rapidly responses on scientific research."}, {"pmid": 32442261, "title": "Influenza vaccine does not increase the risk of coronavirus or other non-influenza respiratory viruses: retrospective analysis from Canada, 2010-11 to 2016-17.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Skowronski, Danuta M", "Zou, Macy", "Clarke, Quinten", "Chambers, Catharine", "Dickinson, James A", "Sabaiduc, Suzana", "Olsha, Romy", "Gubbay, Jonathan B", "Drews, Steven J", "Charest, Hugues", "Winter, Anne-Luise", "Jassem, Agatha", "Murti, Michelle", "Krajden, Mel", "De Serres, Gaston"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442261", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza and non-influenza respiratory viruses (NIRV) was assessed by test-negative design using historic datasets of the community-based Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN), spanning 2010-11 to 2016-17. Vaccine significantly reduced the risk of influenza illness by >40% with no effect on coronaviruses or other NIRV risk."}, {"pmid": 32445784, "pmcid": "PMC7238971", "title": "Rescue fibrinolysis in suspected massive pulmonary embolism during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Ly, Andre", "Alessandri, Claire", "Skripkina, Elena", "Meffert, Arnaud", "Clariot, Simon", "de Roux, Quentin", "Langeron, Olivier", "Mongardon, Nicolas"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445784", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503706, "pmcid": "PMC7144595", "title": "Bedside Focused Cardiac Ultrasound in COVID-19 from the Wuhan Epicenter: The Role of Cardiac Point-of-Care Ultrasound, Limited Transthoracic Echocardiography, and Critical Care Echocardiography.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Zhang, Li", "Wang, Bin", "Zhou, Jianhua", "Kirkpatrick, James", "Xie, Mingxing", "Johri, Amer M"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503706", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Three cases of the application of focused cardiac ultrasound in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 are presented. Cardiac point-of-care ultrasound, limited transthoracic echocardiography, and critical care echocardiography were applied in cases of heart failure, pulmonary embolism, and myocarditis with thrombus respectively. The impact on patient management and the global context of each presentation are discussed. Focused cardiac point-of-care ultrasound played an important, front-line role in the bedside management of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China."}, {"pmid": 32447172, "pmcid": "PMC7206446", "title": "Overdose and risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Drug Alcohol Depend", "authors": ["Slaunwhite, Amanda Kathleen", "Gan, Wen Qi", "Xavier, Chloe", "Zhao, Bin", "Buxton, Jane A", "Desai, Roshni"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447172", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There have been significant efforts to respond to the two public health emergencies of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and overdose in British Columbia (BC), Canada. The purpose of this study was to quantify the prevalence of known risk factors associated with mortality due to COVID-19 for persons who have had a non-fatal overdose during 2015-2017 in comparison to persons who have not had an overdose. Data were extracted from the BC Provincial Overdose Cohort which includes a 20 % random sample of BC residents and persons who have had a non-fatal overdose in BC from January 2015 to December 2017. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used to compare risk factors by overdose history. Persons who had a non-fatal overdose were significantly more likely to have three (chronic pulmonary disease, diabetes, coronary heart disease) of the four known chronic conditions associated with the development of severe illness due to COVID-19 compared to persons who did not have a previous non-fatal overdose event. Persons who had an overdose were more likely to have several chronic conditions associated with the development of severe illness due to COVID-19. The increased likelihood of having these risk factors is reflective of the social and health inequities experienced by persons who have a history of overdose."}, {"pmid": 32463282, "title": "Heightened risk of child maltreatment amid the COVID-19 pandemic can exacerbate mental health problems for the next generation.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Cuartas, Jorge"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463282", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of the COVID-19 disrupted ecological systems in which children develop, exacerbating threats to their safety and increasing their vulnerability to future psychopathology. Supports to reduce sources of stress for caregivers and protect children from threats to their safety are warranted. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32411313, "pmcid": "PMC7221383", "title": "FAVORABLE ANAKINRA RESPONSES IN SEVERE COVID-19 PATIENTS WITH SECONDARY HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Dimopoulos, George", "de Mast, Quirijn", "Markou, Nikolaos", "Theodorakopoulou, Maria", "Komnos, Apostolos", "Mouktaroudi, Maria", "Netea, Mihai G", "Spyridopoulos, Themistoklis", "Verheggen, Rebecca J", "Hoogerwerf, Jacobien", "Lachana, Alexandra", "van de Veerdonk, Frank L", "Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411313", "countries": ["Greece"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dysregulation of inflammation is hypothesized to play a crucial role in the severe complications of COVID-19, with IL-1/IL-6 pathway being central. Here, we report on the treatment of eight severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients-- seven hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) in Greece and one non-ICU patient in the Netherlands-- with the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist Anakinra. All patients scored positive for the hemophagocytosis score (HScore) and were diagnosed with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (sHLH) characterized by pancytopenia, hyper-coagulation, acute kidney injury and hepatobiliary dysfunction. At the end-of-treatment, ICU patients had less need for vasopressors, significantly improved respiratory function and lower HScore. Although three patients died, the mortality was lower than historical series of patients with sHLH in sepsis. These data suggest that administration of Anakinra may be beneficial for treating severe COVID-19 patients with sHLH as determined by the HScore and support the need for larger clinical studies to validate this concept."}, {"pmid": 32374368, "pmcid": "PMC7239250", "title": "Frailty in the Face of COVID-19.", "journal": "Age Ageing", "authors": ["Hubbard, Ruth E", "Maier, Andrea B", "Hilmer, Sarah N", "Naganathan, Vasi", "Etherton-Beer, Christopher", "Rockwood, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374368", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32152361, "pmcid": "PMC7062829", "title": "Topological dynamics of the 2015 South Korea MERS-CoV spread-on-contact networks.", "journal": "Sci Rep", "authors": ["Yang, Chang Hoon", "Jung, Hyejin"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32152361", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Network analysis to examine infectious contact relations provides an important means to uncover the topologies of individual infectious contact networks. This study aims to investigate the spread of diseases among individuals over contact networks by exploring the 2015 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreak in Korea. We present several distinct features of MERS transmission by employing a comprehensive approach in network research to examine both the traced relationship matrix of infected individuals and their bipartite transmission routes among healthcare facilities visited for treatment. The results indicate that a few super-spreaders were more likely to hold certain structural advantages by linking to an exceptional number of other individuals, causing several ongoing transmission events in neighbourhoods without the aid of any intermediary. Thus, the infectious contact network exhibited small-world dynamics characterised by locally clustered contacts exposed to transmission paths via short path lengths. In addition, nosocomial infection analysis shows the pattern of a common-source outbreak followed by secondary person-to-person transmission of the disease. Based on the results, we suggest policy implications related to the redesign of prevention and control strategies against the spread of epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32029919, "pmcid": "PMC7091733", "title": "Revisiting the dangers of the coronavirus in the ophthalmology practice.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Seah, Ivan", "Su, Xinyi", "Lingam, Gopal"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32029919", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524137, "title": "Applying to Pain Fellowships in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Pain Med", "authors": ["Yi, Peter K", "Gohil, Sharmil", "Kitt, Arthur"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524137", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227357, "pmcid": "PMC7228332", "title": "COVID-19 treatment by repurposing drugs until the vaccine is in sight.", "journal": "Drug Dev Res", "authors": ["Phadke, Mrudula", "Saunik, Sujata"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227357", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease (COVID-19) has created pandemic in the world as declared by WHO on March 12, 2020. It is a viral disease caused by SARS-CoV 2 virus and has affected large populations in over 120 countries. There is no specific treatment available and management is empirical. Until such time that an effective vaccine is available for COVID-19 viral infection, one can repurpose known therapeutic drug molecules such as angiotensin receptor 2 blocker, a commonly used antihypertensive drug, to control COVID-19 virus from gaining entry into the host cell by blocking the angiotensin receptor. Clinical trials should also be undertaken to use statins, which are lipid-lowering drugs but have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties to prevent acute lung injury in COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32499169, "pmcid": "PMC7236703", "title": "Is it Possible to Safely Maintain a Regular Vascular Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg", "authors": ["Pini, Rodolfo", "Faggioli, Gianluca", "Vacirca, Andrea", "Gallitto, Enrico", "Mascoli, Chiara", "Attard, Luciano", "Viale, Pierluigi", "Gargiulo, Mauro"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499169", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to evaluate the protocol adopted during the emergency phase of the COVID-19 pandemic to maintain elective activity in a vascular surgery unit while minimising the risk of contamination to both patients and physicians, and the impact of this activity on the intensive care (IC) resources. The activity of a vascular surgery unit was analysed from 8 March to 8 April 2020. Surgical activity was maintained only for acute or elective procedures obeying priority criteria. The preventive screening protocol consisted of nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) for all patients and physicians with symptoms and for unprotected contact infected cases, and serological physician evaluations every 15 days. Patients treated in the acute setting were considered theoretically infected and the necessary protective devices were used. The number of patients and the possible infection of physicians were evaluated. The number and type of interventions and the need for post-operative IC during this period were compared with those in the same periods in 2018 and 2019. One hundred and fifty-one interventions were performed, of which 34 (23%) were acute/emergency. The total number of interventions was similar to those performed in the same periods in 2019 and 2018: 150 (33, of which 22% acute/emergency) and 117 (29, 25% acute/emergency), respectively. IC was necessary after 6% (17% in 2019 and 20% in 2018) of elective operations and 33% (11) of acute/emergency interventions. None of the patients treated electively were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection during hospitalisation. Of the 34 patients treated in acute/emergency interventions, five (15%) were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. It was necessary to screen 14 (47%) vascular surgeons with NPS after contact with infected colleagues, but none for unprotected contact with patients; all were found to be negative on NPS and serological evaluation. A dedicated protocol allowed maintenance of regular elective vascular surgery activity during the emergency phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, with no contamination of patients or physicians and minimal need for IC resources."}, {"pmid": 32379311, "pmcid": "PMC7239107", "title": "Letter: Anosmia in COVID-19: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Through the Nasoliary Epithelium and a Possible Spreading Way to the Central Nervous System-A Purpose to Study.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Armocida, Daniele", "Pesce, Alessandro", "Raponi, Ingrid", "Pugliese, Francesco", "Valentini, Valentino", "Santoro, Antonio", "Berra, Luigi Valentino"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379311", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404809, "title": "Asymptomatic COVID-19 positive patient suspected on FDG-PET/CT.", "journal": "Nucl Med Commun", "authors": ["Castanheira, Joana", "Mascarenhas Gaivao, Ana", "Mairos Teixeira, Sonia", "Pereira, Paulo J", "Costa, Durval C"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404809", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380338, "pmcid": "PMC7198397", "title": "Letter to the Editor Regarding Effects of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Northern Italy: Perspectives from the Bergamo Neurosurgery Department, and the Role of Radiosurgery as a Minimally Invasive Procedure for Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma in the Pandemic Outbreak.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Alvarez Pinzon, Andres M", "Wolf, Aizik L", "Delgado, Victor", "Valerio, Jose E", "Gonzalez, Arturo", "Alonso, Jose Ramon"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380338", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412707, "title": "Compassionate Use of Remdesivir in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Hoffmann, Christian"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412707", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414671, "pmcid": "PMC7205624", "title": "How Neurosurgeons Are Coping with COVID-19 and How It Impacts Our Neurosurgical Practice: Report from Geneva University Medical Center.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Molliqaj, Granit", "Schaller, Karl"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414671", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408845, "title": "Virus transmission during orthopedic surgery on patients with COVID-19 - a brief narrative review.", "journal": "Acta Orthop", "authors": ["Basso, Trude", "Dale, Havard", "Langvatn, Hakon", "Lonne, Greger", "Skramm, Inge", "Westberg, Marianne", "Wik, Tina S", "Witso, Eivind"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408845", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background and purpose - COVID-19 is among the most impactful pandemics that the society has experienced. Orthopedic surgery involves procedures generating droplets and aerosols and there is concern amongst surgeons that otherwise rational precautionary principles are being set aside due to lack of scientific evidence and a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE). This narrative review attempts to translate relevant knowledge into practical recommendations for healthcare workers involved in orthopedic surgery on patients with known or suspected COVID-19.Patients and methods - We unsystematically searched in PubMed, reference lists, and the WHO's web page for relevant publications concerning problems associated with the PPE used in perioperative practice when a patient is COVID-19 positive or suspected to be. A specific search for literature regarding COVID-19 was extended to include publications from the SARS epidemic in 2002/3.Results - Transmission of infectious viruses from patient to surgeon during surgery is possible, but does not appear to be a considerable problem in clinical practice. Seal-leakage is a problem with surgical masks. Due to the lack of studies and reports, the possibility of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from patient to surgeon during droplet- and aerosol-generating procedures is unknown.Interpretation - Surgical masks should be used only in combination with a widely covering visor and when a respirator (N95, FFP2, P3) is not made available. Furthermore, basic measures to reduce shedding of droplets and aerosols during surgery and correct and consistent use of personal protective equipment is important."}, {"pmid": 32111295, "pmcid": "PMC7130979", "title": "Wuhan novel coronavirus (COVID-19): why global control is challenging?", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Lee, A"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32111295", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408391, "pmcid": "PMC7272830", "title": "Anticoagulant and antiarrhythmic effects of heparin in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Menezes-Rodrigues, Francisco Sandro", "Padrao Tavares, Jose Gustavo", "Pires de Oliveira, Marcelo", "Guzella de Carvalho, Rafael", "Ruggero Errante, Paolo", "Omar Taha, Murched", "Fagundes, Djalma Jose", "Caricati-Neto, Afonso"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408391", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most severe manifestations of COVID-19 cases, such as multiple organ failure and death, have been linked to coagulation dysfunction markers, such as platelet reduction and increases in prothrombin time, fibrin degradation products and, mainly, D-dimer [1]. A recent paper by Tang et al. [2] in this journal reported that heparin treatment reduced mortality of COVID-19 patients with elevated D-dimer; similar preliminary results have been reported elsewhere [3]. A mounting body of evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 causes a \"cytokine storm\" [1,4] that activates the coagulation cascade, leading to thrombosis. Similar to the findings in severe sepsis, generalized deposition of intravascular thrombi compromises the blood supply of several organs, leading to organ failure [5]."}, {"pmid": 32294503, "pmcid": "PMC7152867", "title": "Clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women suspected of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Yang, Hui", "Sun, Guoqiang", "Tang, Fei", "Peng, Min", "Gao, Ying", "Peng, Jing", "Xie, Hui", "Zhao, Yun", "Jin, Zhichun"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294503", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic. Under such circumstance pregnant women are also affected significantly. This study aims to observe the clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women who have been confirmed with COVID-19. The research objects were 55 cases of suspected COVID-19 pregnant women who gave a birth from Jan 20th 2020 to Mar 5th 2020 in our hospital-a big birth center delivering about 30,000 babies in the last 3 years. These cases were subjected to pulmonary CT scan and routine blood test, manifested symptoms of fever, cough, chest tightness or gastrointestinal symptoms. They were admitted to an isolated suite, with clinical features and newborn babies being carefully observed. Among the 55 cases, 13 patients were assigned into the confirmed COVID-19 group for being tested positive sever acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) via maternal throat swab test, and the other 42 patients were assigned into the control group for being ruled out COVID-19 pneumonia based on new coronavirus pneumonia prevention and control program(the 7th edition). There were 2 fever patients during the prenatal period and 8 fever patients during the postpartum period in the confirmed COVID-19 group. In contrast, there were 11 prenatal fever patients and 20 postpartum fever patients in the control group (p>0.05). Among 55 cases, only 2 case had cough in the confirmed group. The imaging of pulmonary CT scan showed ground- glass opacity (46.2%, 6/13), patch-like shadows(38.5%, 5/13), fiber shadow(23.1%, 3/13), pleural effusion (38.5%, 5/13)and pleural thickening(7.7%, 1/13), and there was no statistical difference between the confirmed COVID-19 group and the control group (p>0.05). During the prenatal and postpartum period, there was no difference in the count of WBC, Neutrophils and Lymphocyte, the radio of Neutrophils and Lymphocyte and the level of CRP between the confirmed COVID-19 group and the control group(p<0.05). 20 babies (from confirmed mother and from normal mother) were subjected to SARS-CoV-2 examination by throat swab samples in 24\u00a0h after birth and no case was tested positive. The clinical symptoms and laboratory indicators are not obvious for asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 pregnant women. Pulmonary CT scan plus blood routine examination are more suitable for finding pregnancy women with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 infection, and can be used screening COVID-19 pregnant women in the outbreak area of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32343810, "pmcid": "PMC7197569", "title": "Letter to the Editor: \"Our Response to COVID-19 as Endocrinologists and Diabetologists\".", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Zhang, Bin", "Zhang, Shuixing"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343810", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341100, "pmcid": "PMC7236828", "title": "Inhaled corticosteroids and COVID-19: a systematic review and clinical perspective.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Halpin, David M G", "Singh, Dave", "Hadfield, Ruth M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341100", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192578, "pmcid": "PMC7270045", "title": "COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Mehta, Puja", "McAuley, Daniel F", "Brown, Michael", "Sanchez, Emilie", "Tattersall, Rachel S", "Manson, Jessica J"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192578", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330334, "pmcid": "PMC7267498", "title": "Chilblain-like lesions during COVID-19 epidemic: a preliminary study on 63 patients.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Piccolo, V", "Neri, I", "Filippeschi, C", "Oranges, T", "Argenziano, G", "Battarra, V C", "Berti, S", "Manunza, F", "Fortina, A B", "Di Lernia, V", "Boccaletti, V", "De Bernardis, G", "Brunetti, B", "Mazzatenta, C", "Bassi, A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330334", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425415, "pmcid": "PMC7229731", "title": "It is time for a more cautious approach to surgical diathermy, especially in COVID-19 outbreak: A schematic review.", "journal": "J Orthop", "authors": ["Karuppal, Raju", "Surendran, Sibin", "Patinharayil, Gopinathan", "Muhammed Fazil, V V", "Marthya, Anwar"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425415", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many surgeons are unaware of the risks posed by the surgical diathermy. Apart from the numerous chemicals, surgical smoke had been shown to harbour intact bacterial and virus particles especially COVID-19 in the current time. To identify the inhalational, infectious, chemical, and mutagenic risks of surgical smoke and suggest evidence-based hazard reduction strategies. Also to cogitate on the very high risk of viral spread spread by the use of surgical diathermy in COVID-19 outbreak. A review of articles indexed for MEDLINE on PubMed using the keywords surgical smoke, diathermy, electrocautery, surgical smoke hazards, smoke evacuator, and guidelines for surgical smoke safety was performed. The review included evidences from 50 articles from the dermatology, surgery, infectious disease, obstetrics, and cancer biology literature. There are risks associated with surgical smoke. Although some surgeons were aware, majority were not keen in the hazard reduction strategies. Many chemical and biological particles have been found in surgical smoke. It is highly recommended to follow the standardised guidelines for surgical smoke safety. Surgical smoke carries full virus particle(such as COVID-19 virus), it is strongly recommended to minimise or avoid electrocautery during the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32461492, "title": "COVID-19: Ophthalmic prophylactic and therapeutic measures.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Waikar, Shrikant", "Oli, Avadhesh"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461492", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405671, "pmcid": "PMC7220806", "title": "Ethical triage during the COVID-19 pandemic: a toolkit for neurosurgical resource allocation.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Hulsbergen, Alexander F C", "Eijkholt, Marleen M", "Balak, Naci", "Brennum, Jannick", "Bolger, Ciaran", "Bohrer, Anna-Margarete", "Feldman, Zeev", "Holsgrove, Daniel", "Kitchen, Neil", "Mathiesen, Tiit I", "Moojen, Wouter A", "Sampron, Nicolas", "Sames, Martin", "Sandvik, Ulrika", "Tisell, Magnus", "Broekman, Marike L D"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405671", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic confronts healthcare workers, including neurosurgeons, with difficult choices regarding which patients to treat. In order to assist ethical triage, this article gives an overview of the main considerations and ethical principles relevant when allocating resources in times of scarcity. We discuss a framework employing four principles: prioritizing the worst off, maximizing benefits, treating patients equally, and promoting instrumental value. We furthermore discuss the role of age and comorbidity in triage and highlight some principles that may seem intuitive but should not form a basis for triage. This overview is presented on behalf of the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies and can be used as a toolkit for neurosurgeons faced with ethical dilemmas when triaging patients in times of scarcity."}, {"pmid": 32303384, "pmcid": "PMC7195508", "title": "Endourological Stone Management in the Era of the COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Proietti, Silvia", "Gaboardi, Franco", "Giusti, Guido"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303384", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361388, "pmcid": "PMC7194661", "title": "A cross-sectional study on mental health among health care workers during the outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Cai, Wenpeng", "Lian, Bin", "Song, Xiangrui", "Hou, Tianya", "Deng, Guanghui", "Li, Huifen"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361388", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global major public health event, threatening people's physical and mental health and even life safety. This study is to investigate the psychological abnormality in health care workers battling the COVID-19 epidemic and to explore the associations among social support, resilience and mental health. A total of 1521 health care workers, of whom 147 had public health emergency experience while 1374 showed no experience, completed the Symptom Check-List-90 (SCL-90), Chinese version of Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). \u03c72 test, t test and multiple regression analyses were used in statistical analysis. The results showed that people without public health emergency treatment experience showed worse performance in mental health, resilience and social support, and tended to suffer from psychological abnormality on interpersonal sensitivity and photic anxiety. This finding suggested that high levels of training and professional experience, resilience and social support were necessary to health care workers who are first taking part in public health emergence."}, {"pmid": 32500700, "title": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019: predicting prognosis by using a computed tomography severity score and clinicolaboratory data.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Sabri, Ali", "Davarpanah, Amir H", "Mahdavi, Arash", "Abrishami, Alireza", "Khazaei, Mehdi", "Heydari, Saman", "Asgari, Reyhane", "Nekooghadam, Seyyed Mojtaba", "Dobranowski, Julian", "Taheri, Morteza Sanei"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500700", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently there are known contributing factors but no comprehensive methods for predicting the risk of mortality or ICU admission in patients with Novel Corona Virus infection (COVID-19). The aim of this study is to explore risk factors of mortality and ICU admission in COVID-19 patients using combined CT and clinicolaboratory data. Patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed COVID-19 (N= 63) from University Hospitals in Tehran, Iran were studied. All patients underwent CT examination and a total CT score and the number of involved lung lobes were calculated and compared against collected laboratory and clinical information. Univariable and multivariate proportional hazards analysis were used to determine the relationship between the CT, laboratory and clinical data and ICU admission and in-hospital death. By univariable analysis, in-hospital mortality was higher in patients with lower O2 saturation on admission (<88%), higher CT scores and higher number of lung lobes (> 4) involved with a diffuse parenchymal pattern. By multivariable analysis, in-hospital mortality was higher in patients with O2 saturation below 88% on admission and a higher number of lung lobes involved with diffuse parenchymal pattern. The risk of ICU admission was higher with comorbidities (hypertension and ischemic heart disease), SaO2 below 88% and pericardial effusion. We can identify factors affecting in-hospital death and ICU admission in COVID-19. This can help to determine which patients are likely to require ICU admission and to help inform strategic health care planning in critical conditions such as the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32417619, "pmcid": "PMC7214291", "title": "Transportation of intubated COVID-19 patients: Bain circuit with underwater seal system is an option to prevent aerosol transmission.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kumar, Amarjeet", "Kumar, Ajeet", "Kumar, Neeraj", "Sinha, Chandni", "Kumar, Abhyuday"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387513, "pmcid": "PMC7201218", "title": "Addressing potential impact of COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health of elite athletes.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Mehrsafar, Amir Hossien", "Gazerani, Parisa", "Moghadam Zadeh, Ali", "Jaenes Sanchez, Jose Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387513", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479914, "pmcid": "PMC7260487", "title": "Management strategies and role of telemedicine in a surgery unit during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Palomba, Giuseppe", "Dinuzzi, Vincenza Paola", "De Palma, Giovanni Domenico", "Aprea, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479914", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528045, "pmcid": "PMC7288256", "title": "Managing fragility fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Rev Endocrinol", "authors": ["Napoli, Nicola", "Elderkin, Ann L", "Kiel, Douglas P", "Khosla, Sundeep"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528045", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527344, "title": "[Clinical study of artesunate in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Lin, Yanrong", "Wu, Fengyao", "Xie, Zhouhua", "Song, Xiaoling", "Zhu, Qingdong", "Wei, Jing", "Tan, Shiji", "Liang, Lianshao", "Gong, Beibei"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527344", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss the effective of artesunate in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Using prospective method, the 43 cases of confirmed COVID-19 patients in Nanning Fourth People's Hospital from January 22nd to February 15th in 2020 were enrolled and divided into routine treatment group (n = 25) and artesunate treatment group (n = 18) by odd-even rule after admission. According to the guidelines, the routine treatment group was recommended to receive lopinavir/ritonavir 500 mg + \u03b1-aerosolized interferon 500\u00d7104 U, twice daily; the artesunate treatment group was given artesunate 60 mg, twice daily besides the routine treatment, for 10 days in both groups. During the treatment period, the pharynx swab test of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) nucleic acid was carried out every 2 days, and the routine blood test, liver and kidney functions, blood coagulation function and myocardial enzymes were re-examined. Chest CT was checked every 3 days after the treatment, and re-examined every 5 days after the condition was improved. The routine blood test and biochemical results of two groups were observed, and the efficacy evaluation was performed by monitoring the time for significant improvement of symptoms, negative conversion time of throat swab virus nucleic acid, lung lesion absorption time, adverse drug reactions and the length of hospital stay of the two groups. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, body weight, routine blood test and biochemical results before treatment. In artesunate treatment group, the time for significant improvement of symptoms (days: 3.33\u00b11.91 vs. 4.84\u00b12.19), negative conversion time of 2019-nCoV nucleic acid (days: 4.72\u00b12.16 vs. 6.68\u00b13.76), lung lesion absorption starting time (days: 5.39\u00b12.36 vs. 7.48\u00b13.78), lung lesion absorption greater than 70% time (days: 14.11\u00b14.16 vs. 17.04\u00b14.42) and the length of hospital stay (days: 16.56\u00b13.71 vs. 18.04\u00b13.97) were significantly shorter than those in routine treatment group, with significant differences (all P < 0.05). The incidence of adverse drug reactions in two groups had no significant difference (72.2% vs. 80.0%, P > 0.05). Artesunate can shorten the treatment time of COVID-19, improve prognosis and eliminate pathogens, with fewer adverse reactions and a good application prospect."}, {"pmid": 32315724, "pmcid": "PMC7166038", "title": "Viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 across a spectrum of disease severity in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Lui, Grace", "Ling, Lowell", "Lai, Christopher Kc", "Tso, Eugene Yk", "Fung, Kitty Sc", "Chan, Veronica", "Ho, Tracy Hy", "Luk, Fion", "Chen, Zigui", "Ng, Joyce Kc", "Chow, Kai-Ming", "Cheng, Peter Kc", "Chan, Rickjason Cw", "Tsang, Dominic Nc", "Gomersall, Charles D", "Hui, David Sc", "Chan, Paul Ks"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315724", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425259, "pmcid": "PMC7228889", "title": "Clinical characteristics of IgG4-RD patients infected with COVID-19 in Hubei, China.", "journal": "Semin Arthritis Rheum", "authors": ["Chen, Yu", "Dong, Yuanji", "Cai, Shaozhe", "Ye, Cong", "Dong, Lingli"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425259", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated multi-organ, chronic and progressive disease. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate the susceptibility of COVID-19 in IgG4-RD patients in Hubei province, and to characterize the clinical manifestation of COVID-19 in IgG4-RD patients. A follow-up system that includes over 200 IgG4-RD patients across the country during the past ten years. A total of ninety-one patients with IgG4-RD who live in Hubei, China were identified and responded to our survey. Medical history, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests, CT imaging, and treatment were obtained through a standardized data collection form, and then independently reviewed by two investigators. 2 of 91 cases were infected with COVID-19. Both of them were classified as moderate type. The symptoms such as fever and cough and radiologic features were similar to other COVID-19 patients. Neither of them episode recurrent of IgG4-RD nor progressed to severe or critical condition of COVID-19 under the condition of continuous oral low-dose of glucocorticoids. Besides, patient 2 took a long time for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid to turn negative. IgG4-RD patients may belongs to the susceptible population of COVID-19 infection, and thus need more careful personal protection. Early identification and properly treatment are very important to prevent IgG4-RD patients with COVID-19 from progression to severe condition."}, {"pmid": 32523607, "pmcid": "PMC7279122", "title": "[Recommendations for communicating bad news by phone during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemicRecomendacoes para a comunicacao de mas noticias por telefone durante a pandemia do SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Rev Panam Salud Publica", "authors": ["Belli, Laura F"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523607", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presents specific challenges for health professionals in the healthcare setting. In this emergency context, the communication of bad news is especially relevant because of the particular way it must be done: the need to maintain social distance or mobility restrictions imposed on the general population means that this task must often be carried out remotely, mostly by telephone calls. This confronts professionals with a number of particular obstacles: a) most of them have little or no training in this kind of communication skills, b) effective communication of bad news largely depends on body language, which is absent in this type of exchange, and c) since this type of remote dialogue is not recommended - except in particular circumstances such as the current ones - there is little literature available to guide the professionals who must carry out this task. This manuscript offers recommendations for remote communication of bad news by telephone, applicable to situations in which this task cannot be carried out in person. A proposal structured around four \"moments\" is presented to guide the remote transmission of bad news in order to improve the care of patients, families and caregivers during this exchange and to reduce the negative impact from it on health professionals."}, {"pmid": 32354631, "pmcid": "PMC7166022", "title": "3D-printed face protective shield in interventional radiology: Evaluation of an immediate solution in the era of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Imaging", "authors": ["Sapoval, M", "Gaultier, A L", "Del Giudice, C", "Pellerin, O", "Kassis-Chikhani, N", "Lemarteleur, V", "Fouquet, V", "Tapie, L", "Morenton, P", "Tavitian, B", "Attal, J P"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354631", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to report the clinical evaluation of a 3D-printed protective face shield designed to protect interventional radiologists from droplet transmission of the SARS-Cov-2. A protective face shield consisting in a standard transparent polymerizing vinyl chloride (PVC) sheet was built using commercially available 3D printers. The 3D-printed face shield was evaluated in 31 interventional procedures in terms of ability to perform the assigned intervention as usual, quality of visual comfort and tolerance using a Likert scale (from 1, as very good to 5, as extremely poor). The mean rating for ability to perform the assigned intervention as usual was 1.7\u00b10.8 (SD) (range: 1-4). The mean visual tolerance rating was 1.6\u00b10.7 (SD) (range: 1-4). The mean tolerability rating was 1.4\u00b10.7 (SD) (range: 1-3). The 3D-printed protective face shield is well accepted in various interventions. It may become an additional option for protection of interventional radiologists."}, {"pmid": 32404268, "pmcid": "PMC7194067", "title": "3D Printing of Face Shields During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Technical Note.", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Amin, Dina", "Nguyen, Nam", "Roser, Steven M", "Abramowicz, Shelly"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404268", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492195, "title": "Functional prediction and frequency of coding variants in human ACE2 at binding sites with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on different populations.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cruz, Juliana de O", "Conceicao, Izabela M C A", "Sousa, Sandra Mara B", "Luizon, Marcelo R"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492195", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hussain et al.1 identified 17 natural coding variants for human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) that were found at important positions for binding of ACE2 with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein1 . They suggested that positive prognosis of COVID-19 may be due to the existence of ACE2 variants like rs73635825 and rs143936283 in some individuals, and to screen frequencies of candidate alleles in different populations to predict the prognosis of COVID-191 . We contributed with further data for these 17 ACE2 variants using other function prediction tools. Moreover, we searched for the minor allele frequency (MAF) for these ACE2 variants as reported in different populations and debated regarding their use in population genetic studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32222421, "pmcid": "PMC7102655", "title": "Importing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) into China after international air travel.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiao-Ai", "Fan, Hang", "Qi, Run-Zi", "Zheng, Wei", "Zheng, Kui", "Gong, Jian-Hang", "Fang, Li-Qun", "Liu, Wei"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222421", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199619, "pmcid": "PMC7156121", "title": "The characteristics and clinical value of chest CT images of novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Zhao, X", "Liu, B", "Yu, Y", "Wang, X", "Du, Y", "Gu, J", "Wu, X"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199619", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the characteristics and clinical value of chest computed tomography (CT) images of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). Clinical data and CT images of 80 cases of NCP were collected. The clinical manifestations and laboratory test results of the patients were analysed. The lesions in each lung segment of the patient's chest CT images were characterised. Lesions were scored according to length and diffusivity. The main clinical manifestations were fever, dry cough, fatigue, a little white sputum, or diarrhoea. A total of 1,702 scored lesions were found in the first chest CT images of 80 patients. The lesions were located mainly in the subpleural area of the lungs (92.4%). Most of the lesions were ground-glass opacity, and subsequent fusions could increase in range and spread mainly in the subpleural area. Pulmonary consolidation accounted for 44.1% of all of the lesions. Of the 80 cases, 76 patients (95%) had bilateral lung disease, four (5%) patients had unilateral lung disease, and eight (10%) patients had cord shadow. The chest CT of NCP patients is characterised by the onset of bilateral ground-glass lesions located in the subpleural area of the lung, and progressive lesions that result in consolidation with no migratory lesions. Pleural effusions and mediastinal lymphadenopathy are rare. As patients can have inflammatory changes in the lungs alongside a negative early nucleic acid test, chest CT, in combination with epidemiological and laboratory tests, is a useful examination to evaluate the disease and curative effect."}, {"pmid": 32526996, "title": "Air Quality Variation in Wuhan, Daegu, and Tokyo during the Explosive Outbreak of COVID-19 and Its Health Effects.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Ma, Chang-Jin", "Kang, Gong-Unn"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526996", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of", "Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study was designed to assess the variation of the air quality actually measured from the air pollution monitoring stations (AQMS) in three cities (Wuhan, Daegu, and Tokyo), in Asian countries experiencing the explosive outbreak of COVID-19, in a short period of time. In addition, we made a new attempt to calculate the reduced DosePM2.5 (\u03bcg) at the bronchiolar (Br.) and alveolar-interstitial (AI) regions of the 10-year-old children after the city lockdown/self-reflection of each city. A comparison of the average PM2.5 of a month before and after the lockdown (Wuhan) and self-reflection (Daegu and Tokyo) clearly shows that the PM2.5 concentration was decreased by 29.9, 20.9, and 3.6% in Wuhan, Daegu and Tokyo, respectively. Wuhan, Daegu and Tokyo also recorded 53.2, 19.0, and 10.4% falls of NO2 concentration, respectively. Wuhan, which had the largest decrease of PM2.5 concentration due to COVID-19, also marked the largest reduced DosePM2.510-year-old children (\u03bcg) (3660 \u03bcg at Br. and 6222 \u03bcg at AI), followed by Daegu (445 \u03bcg at Br. and 1,287 \u03bcg at AI), and Tokyo (18 \u03bcg at Br. and 52 \u03bcg at AI), over two months after the city lockdown/self-reflection. Our results suggest that the city lockdown/self-reflection had the effect of lowering the concentration of PM2.5, resulting in an extension of the period it took to the acute allergic airway inflammation (AAI) for the 10-year-old children."}, {"pmid": 32445249, "title": "How did we get here? A short history of COVID-19 and other coronavirus-related epidemics.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Lango, Miriam N"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445249", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic was not the first coronavirus epidemic of this century and represents one of the increasing number of zoonoses from wildlife to impact global health. SARS CoV-2, the virus causing the COVID-19 epidemic is distinct from, but closely resembles SARS CoV-1, which was responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2002. SARS CoV-1 and 2 share almost 80% of genetic sequences and use the same host cell receptor to initiate viral infection. However, SARS predominantly affected individuals in close contact with infected animals and health care workers. In contrast, CoV-2 exhibits robust person to person spread, most likely by means of asymptomatic carriers, which has resulted in greater spread of disease, overall morbidity and mortality, despite its lesser virulence. We review recent coronavirus-related epidemics and distinguish clinical and molecular features of CoV-2, the causative agent for COVID-19, and review the current status of vaccine trials."}, {"pmid": 32075364, "title": "[Novel coronavirus pneumonia-related liver injury: etiological analysis and treatment strategy].", "journal": "Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hu, L L", "Wang, W J", "Zhu, Q J", "Yang, L"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32075364", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of pneumonia caused by 2019 novel coronavirus infection in Wuhan has become a public health emergency of international concern. However, some patients are accompanied by varying degrees of liver injury in addition to respiratory symptoms. This paper analyzes the clinical characteristics, susceptible population, related factors and treatment strategies to provide a reference for clinical decision making in novel coronavirus pneumonia-related liver injury."}, {"pmid": 32314698, "pmcid": "PMC7253107", "title": "Case Report: Hepatotoxicity Associated with the Use of Hydroxychloroquine in a Patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Falcao, Melissa Barreto", "Pamplona de Goes Cavalcanti, Luciano", "Filgueiras Filho, Nivaldo Menezes", "Antunes de Brito, Carlos Alexandre"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314698", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been used for the treatment of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases. However, evidence of efficacy remains limited, and adverse events can be associated with its use. Here, we report a case of a patient with severe COVID-19 who, after being administered HCQ, exhibited a 10-fold increase in serum levels of transaminases, followed by a rapid decrease after HCQ was withdrawn. Considering the significantly increased use of HCQ during the COVID-19 pandemic, this case alerts us to the potential for HCQ to be associated with hepatotoxicity and the need to monitor liver function during HCQ therapy."}, {"pmid": 32496230, "title": "Science, policy, people, and public health: What Is COVID-19 teaching us?", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Krishnan, Anand", "Dasgupta, Rajib"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496230", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259132, "pmcid": "PMC7130449", "title": "Laboratory Parameters in Detection of COVID-19 Patients with Positive RT-PCR; a Diagnostic Accuracy Study.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Mardani, Rajab", "Ahmadi Vasmehjani, Abbas", "Zali, Fatemeh", "Gholami, Alireza", "Mousavi Nasab, Seyed Dawood", "Kaghazian, Hooman", "Kaviani, Mehdi", "Ahmadi, Nayebali"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259132", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The role of laboratory parameters in screening of COVID-19 cases has not been definitely established. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of laboratory parameters in predicting cases with positive RT-PCR for COVID-19. This diagnostic accuracy study was conducted on suspected COVID-19 patients, who presented to Behpooyan Clinic Medical center in Tehran (Iran) from 22 February\u00a0to 14 March, 2020. Patients were divided into two groups based on the results of real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for COVID-19, and the accuracy of different laboratory parameters in predicting cases with positive RT-PCR was evaluated using area under the ROC curve (AUC). Two hundred cases with the mean age of 41.3\u00b1 14.6 (range: 19-78) years were studied (0.53% male). The result of RT-PCR for COVID-19 was positive in 70 (35%) cases. Patients with positive RT-PCR had significantly higher neutrophil (NEU) count (p = 0.0001), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.04), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (p = 0.0001), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p = 0.001), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p = 0.0001), and Urea (p = 0.001) levels in serum. In addition, patients with positive RT-PCR had lower white blood cell (WBC) count (p = 0.0001) and serum albumin level (p = 0.0001) compared to others. ALT (AUC = 0.879), CRP (AUC = 0.870), NEU (AUC = 0.858), LDH (AUC = 0.835), and Urea (AUC = 0.835) had very good accuracy in predicting cases with positive RT-PCR for COVID-19, respectively. Our findings suggest that level of LDH, CRP, ALT and NEU can be used to predict the result of COVID-19 test. They can help in detection of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32507520, "title": "[COVID-19: Pathogenesis of a multi-faceted disease].", "journal": "Rev Med Interne", "authors": ["Bonny, V", "Maillard, A", "Mousseaux, C", "Placais, L", "Richier, Q"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507520", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2\u00a0infection, named COVID-19, can lead to a dysregulated immune response and abnormal coagulation responsible for a viral sepsis. In this review, we specify physiopathological mechanisms of each phase of COVID-19 -\u00a0viral, immune and pro-thrombotic\u00a0- notably because they involve different treatment. Finally, we specify the physiopathological mechanisms of organ injury."}, {"pmid": 32238216, "pmcid": "PMC7163192", "title": "Forecasting the cumulative number of COVID-19 deaths in China: a Boltzmann function-based modeling study.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Gao, Yuanyuan", "Zhang, Zuqin", "Yao, Wei", "Ying, Qi", "Long, Cheng", "Fu, Xinmiao"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238216", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is ongoing in China. Here, Boltzmann function-based analyses reveal the potential total numbers of COVID-19 deaths: 3,260 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3187-3394) in China; 110 (95% CI, 109-112) in Hubei Province; 3,174 (95% CI, 3095-3270) outside Hubei; 2,550 (95% CI, 2494-2621) in Wuhan City; and 617 (95% CI, 607-632) outside Wuhan."}, {"pmid": 32156680, "title": "Covid-19: roundup of latest news.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156680", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414996, "title": "Neurosurgery and Neurology Practices during the Novel COVID-19 Pandemic: A Consensus Statement from India.", "journal": "Neurol India", "authors": ["Gupta, Prakamya", "Muthukumar, N", "Rajshekhar, V", "Tripathi, Manjari", "Thomas, Sanjeev", "Gupta, Sunil Kumar", "Lal, Vivek", "Pal, Pramod", "Abraham, Mathew", "Behari, Sanjay", "Paliwal, Vimal", "Singh, Daljit", "Pandey, Sanjay", "Narasimhan, Lakshmi", "Srinivas, Dwarakanath", "Panda, Samhita", "Kale, S S", "Chandra, P Sarat"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414996", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 infection outbreak has aroused increasing attention and affected thousands of people nationwide. The long incubation period, high infectious rate, varied manifestation, and absence of effective treatment make it difficult to manage the disease transmission. The intended goals are to encourage efficient management of neurological and neurosurgical patients, resource utilization, and protecting the healthcare provider during the COVID-19 epidemic. Herein, we present a consensus statement from various centers in India. In addition to the literature review, recommendations were included from neurologists and neurosurgeons from various centers in India. Every patient presenting for treatment should be treated as a potential asymptomatic infected case. Patients should be categorized based upon the priority as acute (require immediate treatment/surgery within 24 h), sub-acute (requiring treatment within a maximum of 7-10 days), or chronic (requiring treatment within a month). Non-essential elective surgeries and outpatient clinics should be avoided after informing the patient(s). There is a high risk of aerosol dispersion during intubation and certain neurosurgical procedures particularly those involving drills and endoscopes. These procedures should be performed wearing full personal protective equipment. The workflow of the operating rooms should also be modified significantly. Minor modifications in personal and professional lifestyles and routine training to use the PPE will ensure efficient management of resources. These recommendations could be used to mitigate the risks and reduce exposure to other patients, public, and healthcare staff."}, {"pmid": 32389194, "pmcid": "PMC7202854", "title": "Health system quality in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Roder-DeWan, Sanam"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389194", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453009, "title": "Dangerous interactions of gastrointestinal drugs with experimental treatments for COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Lankarani, Kamran B"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453009", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202635, "pmcid": "PMC7184324", "title": "Covid-19: Protecting Worker Health.", "journal": "Ann Work Expo Health", "authors": ["Semple, Sean", "Cherrie, John W"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202635", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423908, "title": "Early Outcomes of Outpatient Management of Kidney Transplant Recipients with Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Husain, S Ali", "Dube, Geoffrey", "Morris, Heather", "Fernandez, Hilda", "Chang, Jae-Hyung", "Paget, Kathryn", "Sritharan, Sharlinee", "Patel, Shefali", "Pawliczak, Olga", "Boehler, Mia", "Tsapepas, Demetra", "Crew, R John", "Cohen, David J", "Mohan, Sumit"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423908", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Outcomes of kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 as outpatients have not been described. We obtained clinical data for 41 consecutive outpatient kidney transplant recipients with known or suspected coronavirus disease 2019. Chi-squared and Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare characteristics of patients who required hospitalization versus those who did not. Of 41 patients, 22 (54%) had confirmed coronavirus disease 2019, and 19 (46%) were suspected cases. Patients most commonly reported fever (80%), cough (56%), and dyspnea (39%). At the end of follow-up, 13 patients (32%) required hospitalization a median of 8 days (range, 1-16) after symptom onset, and 23 (56%) had outpatient symptom resolution a median of 12 days (4-23) after onset. Patients who required hospitalization were more likely to have reported dyspnea (77% versus 21%, P=0.003) and had higher baseline creatinine (median, 2.0 versus 1.3 mg/dl, P=0.02), but there were no other differences between groups. In an early cohort of outpatient kidney transplant recipients with known or suspected coronavirus disease 2019, many had symptomatic resolution without requiring hospitalization."}, {"pmid": 32414526, "pmcid": "PMC7212984", "title": "Place of prefilled syringes in COVID-19 patient based on current evidence.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ludwin, Kobi", "Filipiak, Krzysztof J", "Jaguszewski, Milosz", "Pruc, Michal", "Paprocki, Michal", "Smereka, Jacek", "Szarpak, Lukasz", "Dabrowski, Marek", "Czekajlo, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414526", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421383, "title": "Community Mitigation During SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Mission Impossible in Developing Countries.", "journal": "Popul Health Manag", "authors": ["Abdel-Moneim, Ahmed S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421383", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425298, "pmcid": "PMC7227580", "title": "Covid-19 during pregnancy: a case series from an universally tested population from the north of Portugal.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Doria, Mariana", "Peixinho, Catarina", "Laranjo, Mafalda", "Varejao, Ana Mesquita", "Silva, Pedro Tiago"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425298", "countries": ["Portugal"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438839, "title": "Is there a role for blood purification therapies targeting cytokine storm syndrome in critically severe COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "Ren Fail", "authors": ["Chen, Gang", "Zhou, Yangzhong", "Ma, Jie", "Xia, Peng", "Qin, Yan", "Li, Xuemei"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438839", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has spread over many countries and regions since the end of 2019, becoming the most severe public health event at present. Most of the critical cases developed multiple organ dysfunction, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) may complicate the process of severe COVID-19 patients. This manuscript reviews the different aspects of blood purification in critically ill patients with AKI and increased inflammatory factors, and examines its potential role in severe COVID-19 treatment. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been practiced in many sepsis patients with AKI. Still, the timing and dosing need further robust evidence. In addition to the traditional CRRT, the high-throughput membrane with adsorption function and cytokine adsorption column are two representatives of recently emerging novel membrane technologies. Their potential in removing inflammatory factors and other toxins prospects for the treatment of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32418867, "pmcid": "PMC7196534", "title": "COVID-19 associated coagulopathy: The crowning glory of thrombo-inflammation concept.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Gris, Jean-Christophe", "Perez-Martin, Antonia", "Quere, Isabelle", "Sotto, Albert"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418867", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345392, "pmcid": "PMC7218185", "title": "Universal masking in hospitals in the COVID-19 era: Is it time to consider shielding?", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Advani, Sonali D", "Smith, Becky A", "Lewis, Sarah S", "Anderson, Deverick J", "Sexton, Daniel J"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345392", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With concerns for presymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 and increasing burden of contact tracing and employee furloughs, several hospitals have supplemented pre-existing infection prevention measures with universal masking of all personnel in hospitals. Other hospitals are currently faced with the dilemma of whether or not to proceed with universal masking in a time of critical mask shortages. We summarize the rationale behind a universal masking policy in healthcare settings, important considerations before implementing such a policy and the challenges with universal masking. We also discusses proposed solutions such as universal face shields."}, {"pmid": 32401274, "pmcid": "PMC7221856", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Rates in BCG-Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Young Adults.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Hamiel, Uri", "Kozer, Eran", "Youngster, Ilan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401274", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409825, "pmcid": "PMC7239233", "title": "Analysis of the infection status of the health care workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zheng, Lichun", "Wang, Xiang", "Zhou, Chongchong", "Liu, Qin", "Li, Shuang", "Sun, Qin", "Wang, Mengjia", "Zhou, Qian", "Wang, Wenmei"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409825", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health care workers at the frontline are facing a substantial risk of infection during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. We acquired information and data on the general information, infection and death status of health care workers in Wuhan during the COVID-19 outbreak and completed statistical analyses. We have obtained the data on 2,457 infected cases among health care workers in Wuhan, China. More than half of the infected individuals were nurses (52.06%), while 33.62% of infected cases were doctors and 14.33% of cases were medical staff. In particular, the case infection rate of nurses (2.22%) was remarkably higher than that of doctors (1.92%). Most infected cases among health care workers were female (72.28%). A majority of the infected health care workers (89.26%) came from general hospitals, followed by specialized hospitals (5.70%) and community hospitals (5.05%). The case infection rate of health care workers (2.10%) was dramatically higher than that of non-health care workers (0.43%). The case fatality rate of health care workers (0.69%) was significantly lower than that of non-health care workers (5.30%). The infection risk of HCWs is clearly higher than that of non-HCWs. HCWs play an essential role in fighting the pandemic. The analysis of the infection status of HCWs is essential to attract enough attention from the public, provide effective suggestions for government agencies and improve protective measures for HCWs."}, {"pmid": 32532596, "title": "COVID-19 in the radiology department: What radiographers need to know.", "journal": "Radiography (Lond)", "authors": ["Stogiannos, N", "Fotopoulos, D", "Woznitza, N", "Malamateniou, C"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532596", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim is to review current literature related to the diagnosis, management, and follow-up of suspected and confirmed Covid-19 cases. Medical Imaging plays an important auxiliary role in the diagnosis of Covid-19 patients, mainly those most seriously affected. Practice differs widely among different countries, mainly due to the variability of access to resources (viral testing and imaging equipment, specialised staff, protective equipment). It has been now well-documented that chest radiographs should be the first-line imaging tool and chest CT should only be reserved for critically ill patients, or when chest radiograph and clinical presentation may be inconclusive. As radiographers work on the frontline, they should be aware of the potential risks associated with Covid-19 and engage in optimal strategies to reduce these. Their role in vetting, conducting and often reporting the imaging examinations is vital, as well as their contribution in patient safety and care. Medical Imaging should be limited to critically ill patients, and where it may have an impact on the patient management plan. At the time of publication, this review offers the most up-to-date recommendations for clinical practitioners in radiology departments, including radiographers. Radiography practice has to significantly adjust to these new requirements to support optimal and safe imaging practices for the diagnosis of Covid-19. The adoption of low dose CT, rigorous infection control protocols and optimal use of personal protective equipment may reduce the potential risks of radiation exposure and infection, respectively, within Radiology departments."}, {"pmid": 32344452, "pmcid": "PMC7267301", "title": "Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva: can an endodontist take the lead in point-of-care COVID-19 testing?", "journal": "Int Endod J", "authors": ["Sharma, S", "Kumar, V", "Chawla, A", "Logani, A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344452", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457212, "title": "COVID-19 Transmission and Children: The Child is Not to Blame.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Lee, Benjamin", "Raszka, William V Jr"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457212", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527517, "title": "Evidence for (mis-)understanding or obfuscation in the COVID-19 and digit ratio relationship? A reply to Jones et al.", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Manning, John T", "Fink, Bernhard"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527517", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201335, "pmcid": "PMC7198856", "title": "Cardiovascular Considerations for Patients, Health Care Workers, and Health Systems During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Driggin, Elissa", "Madhavan, Mahesh V", "Bikdeli, Behnood", "Chuich, Taylor", "Laracy, Justin", "Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe", "Brown, Tyler S", "Der Nigoghossian, Caroline", "Zidar, David A", "Haythe, Jennifer", "Brodie, Daniel", "Beckman, Joshua A", "Kirtane, Ajay J", "Stone, Gregg W", "Krumholz, Harlan M", "Parikh, Sahil A"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201335", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 that has significant implications for the cardiovascular care of patients. First, those with COVID-19 and pre-existing cardiovascular disease have an increased risk of severe disease and death. Second, infection has been associated with multiple direct and indirect cardiovascular complications including acute myocardial injury, myocarditis, arrhythmias, and venous thromboembolism. Third, therapies under investigation for COVID-19 may have cardiovascular side effects. Fourth, the response to COVID-19 can compromise the rapid triage of non-COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular conditions. Finally, the provision of cardiovascular care may place health care workers in a position of vulnerability as they become hosts or vectors of virus transmission. We hereby review the peer-reviewed and pre-print reports pertaining to\u00a0cardiovascular considerations related to COVID-19 and highlight gaps in knowledge that require further study pertinent to patients, health care workers, and health systems."}, {"pmid": 32376126, "pmcid": "PMC7183982", "title": "Immune audit of COVID-19 at the department of ophthalmology of a tertiary hospital before deconfinement.", "journal": "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol", "authors": ["Garrido-Hermosilla, A M", "Caro-Magdaleno, M", "Moreno-Galdo, J F", "Rodriguez-de-la-Rua-Franch, E"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376126", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438459, "title": "Efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine in children with COVID-19: A call for evidence.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Martinez, Carlos E", "Fernandes, Ricardo M", "Hawcutt, Daniel B", "Sinha, Ian P", "Pacheco, Rafael Leite"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438459", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377486, "pmcid": "PMC7198080", "title": "How Essential Is to Focus on Physician's Health and Burnout in Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic?", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Shah, Kaushal", "Chaudhari, Gaurav", "Kamrai, Dhwani", "Lail, Amindeep", "Patel, Rikinkumar S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377486", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An infection of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) that originated from Wuhan city of China in December 2019 converted rapidly into pandemic by March 11, 2020. To date, the number of confirmed cases and deaths has risen exponentially in more than 200 countries, with an estimated crude mortality ratio of at least over 2%. The unpreparedness to tackle the unprecedented situation of coronavirus has contributed to the rising number of cases, which has generated an immense sense of fear and anxiety amongst the public. It has further resulted in the inadequacy and unavailability of essential medical supplies, physicians, and healthcare workers (HCW). Although the chief focus is on minimizing transmission through prevention, combating infection, and saving lives by ramping up the development of treatment and vaccines, very little attention is on the critical issue of physician burnout, resident burnout, and the psychological well-being of HCW. Until now, no significant steps have been taken by the authorities to minimize the COVID-19 specific contributing factors for burnout. The COVID-19 has posed strain on the entire healthcare system already, and it is vital to remediate the issue of physician and resident burnout urgently with concrete actions to avoid subsequent potential short-term and long-term adverse implications."}, {"pmid": 32327757, "title": "Clinical and virologic characteristics of the first 12 patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States.", "journal": "Nat Med", "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327757", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data on the detailed clinical progression of COVID-19 in conjunction with epidemiological and virological characteristics are limited. In this case series, we describe the first 12 US patients confirmed to have COVID-19 from 20 January to 5 February 2020, including 4 patients described previously1-3. Respiratory, stool, serum and urine specimens were submitted for SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) testing, viral culture and whole genome sequencing. Median age was 53 years (range: 21-68); 8 patients were male. Common symptoms at illness onset were cough (n\u2009=\u20098) and fever (n\u2009=\u20097). Patients had mild to moderately severe illness; seven were hospitalized and demonstrated clinical or laboratory signs of worsening during the second week of illness. No patients required mechanical ventilation and all recovered. All had SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in respiratory specimens, typically for 2-3 weeks after illness onset. Lowest real-time PCR with reverse transcription cycle threshold values in the upper respiratory tract were often detected in the first week and SARS-CoV-2 was cultured from early respiratory specimens. These data provide insight into the natural history of SARS-CoV-2. Although infectiousness is unclear, highest viral RNA levels were identified in the first week of illness. Clinicians should anticipate that some patients may worsen in the second week of illness."}, {"pmid": 32499157, "pmcid": "PMC7247507", "title": "Disposable Isolation Device to Reduce COVID-19 Contamination During CT Scanning.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Amalou, Amel", "Turkbey, Baris", "Xu, Sheng", "Turkbey, Evrim", "An, Peng", "Carrafiello, Gianpaolo", "Ierardi, Anna Maria", "Suh, Robert", "Amalou, Hayet", "Wood, Bradford J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499157", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The use of chest computed tomography (CT) in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic raises concern regarding the transmission risks to patients and staff caused by CT room contamination. Meanwhile the Center for Disease Control guidance for air exchange in between patients may heavily impact workflows. To design a portable custom isolation device to reduce imaging equipment contamination during a pandemic. Center for Disease Control air exchange guidelines and requirements were reviewed. Device functional requirements were outlined and designed. Engineering requirements were reviewed. Methods of practice and risk mitigation plans were outlined including donning and doffing procedures and failure modes. Cost impact was assessed in terms of CT patient throughput. CT air exchange solutions and alternatives were reviewed. Multiple isolation bag device designs were considered. Several designs were custom fabricated, prototyped and reduced to practice. A final design was tested on volunteers for comfort, test-fit, air seal, and breathability. Less than 14 times enhanced patient throughput was estimated, in an ideal setting, which could more than counterbalance the cost of the device itself. A novel isolation bag device is feasible for use in CT and might facilitate containment and reduce contamination in radiology departments during the COVID Pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32235119, "pmcid": "PMC7179526", "title": "Safeguarding the Maintenance Hemodialysis Patient Population during the Coronavirus Disease 19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Blood Purif", "authors": ["Meijers, Bjorn", "Messa, Piergiorgio", "Ronco, Claudio"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235119", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization has recognized the pandemic nature of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak. A large proportion of positive patients require hospitalization, while 5-6% of them may need more aggressive therapies in intensive care. Most governments have recommended social separation and severe measures of prevention of further spreading of the epidemic. Because hemodialysis (HD) patients need to access hospital and dialysis center facilities 3 times a week, this category of patients requires special attention. In this editorial, we tried to summarize the experience of our centers that hopefully may contribute to help other centers and colleagues that are facing the coming wave of the epidemic. Special algorithms for COVID-19 spreading in the dialysis population, recommendations for isolation and preventive measures in positive HD patients, and finally directions to manage logistics and personnel are reported. These recommendations should be considered neither universal nor absolute. Instead, they require local adjustments based on geographic location, cultural and social environments, and level of available resources."}, {"pmid": 32377638, "pmcid": "PMC7187729", "title": "Comorbid Chronic Diseases and Acute Organ Injuries Are Strongly Correlated with Disease Severity and Mortality among COVID-19 Patients: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Research (Wash D C)", "authors": ["Wang, Xinhui", "Fang, Xuexian", "Cai, Zhaoxian", "Wu, Xiaotian", "Gao, Xiaotong", "Min, Junxia", "Wang, Fudi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377638", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has been rapidly spreading on a global scale. To date, there is no specific vaccine against the causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, nor is there an effective medicine for treating COVID-19, thus raising concerns with respect to the effect of risk factors such as clinical course and pathophysiological parameters on disease severity and outcome in patients with COVID-19. By extracting and analyzing all available published clinical data, we identified several major clinical characteristics associated with increased disease severity and mortality among patients with COVID-19. Specifically, preexisting chronic conditions such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes are strongly associated with an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19; surprisingly, however, we found no correlation between chronic liver disease and increased disease severity. In addition, we found that both acute cardiac injury and acute kidney injury are highly correlated with an increased risk of COVID-19-related mortality. Given the high risk of comorbidity and the high mortality rate associated with tissue damage, organ function should be monitored closely in patients diagnosed with COVID-19, and this approach should be included when establishing new guidelines for managing these high-risk patients. Moreover, additional clinical data are needed in order to determine whether a supportive therapy can help mitigate the development of severe, potentially fatal complications, and further studies are needed to identify the pathophysiology and the mechanism underlying this novel coronavirus-associated infectious disease. Taken together, these findings provide new insights regarding clinical strategies for improving the management and outcome of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32405664, "pmcid": "PMC7220612", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin as potential treatments for COVID-19; clinical status impacts the outcome.", "journal": "J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn", "authors": ["Okour, Malek", "Al-Kofahi, Mahmoud", "Austin, Daren"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405664", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514223, "pmcid": "PMC7267225", "title": "Covid-19: biotechnologists make their contribution.", "journal": "J Chem Technol Biotechnol", "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514223", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533676, "title": "Continuous learning through platforms.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Soy-Muner, Dolors"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533676", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The health crisis situation we have experienced caused by the SARSCoV-2 virus\u00a0 has changed our daily life in numerous aspects, including those\u00a0related to\u00a0 training (undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing education,\u00a0etc). Training\u00a0 activities, conferences, lectures, face-to-face workshops were\u00a0suspended until\u00a0 the Health Situation was over. Alternatives to face-to-face\u00a0training were needed\u00a0 to guarantee the continuity of these activities. Online\u00a0training, teaching and\u00a0 evaluation emerged as a relatively fast, simple, operational\u00a0and flexible solution.\u00a0Universities and faculties promoted online teaching through virtual\u00a0 classes.\u00a0The Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy supported this initiative\u00a0by\u00a0 signing an agreement with the Board of Deans and Chancellors of\u00a0Pharmacy to\u00a0 make it possible for undergraduate students to continue their\u00a0studies and\u00a0 supervised practices in hospital pharmacy departments.\u00a0Specialized training was\u00a0 affected. Pharmacy residency programs were\u00a0significantly modified by hospital\u00a0 pharmacies to be able to provide the\u00a0new clinical and research activities\u00a0 required, everyday, by the pandemic\u00a0situation.\u00a0Postgraduate and residency\u00a0 training were also negatively affected.\u00a0Again, online activities made up for\u00a0 restrictions to face-to-face teaching and\u00a0training. The Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy promoted continuing\u00a0education and provided updated information on\u00a0 the SARS-CoV-2 virus\u00a0through its website. Thus, numerous virtual sessions,\u00a0 lectures and webinars\u00a0have been held, and high-quality material was offered to\u00a0 provide up-todate\u00a0knowledge, on the pharmacological management of patients\u00a0 with\u00a0COVID-19.\u00a0Online teaching and education has demonstrated to be an\u00a0 invaluable\u00a0tool for hard times. During the lockdown, technology has kept us\u00a0 closer and\u00a0has emerged as an ally. Many of us have found a new means of\u00a0 communication, information, and training. The Spanish Society of Hospital\u00a0 Pharmacy has substantially contributed to make it possible."}, {"pmid": 32311462, "pmcid": "PMC7165084", "title": "On the molecular determinants of the SARS-CoV-2 attack.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Kanduc, Darja", "Shoenfeld, Yehuda"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311462", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299994, "title": "Vets would not manage Covid-19 this way.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Sibley, Dick", "Brownlie, Joe"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299994", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There needs to be a more effective and sustainable strategy to manage Covid-19 than the current economically ruinous policy, argue vets Dick Sibley and Joe Brownlie."}, {"pmid": 32500923, "title": "Go back to the basics: Cardiac surgery residents at the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Ricciardi, Gabriella", "Biondi, Raoul", "Tamagnini, Gabriele"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500923", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483923, "title": "Managing ophthalmic practices in a referral emergency COVID-19 hospital in north-east Italy.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Tognetto, Daniele", "Pastore, Marco Rocco", "De Giacinto, Chiara", "Cecchini, Paolo", "Agolini, Rossella", "Giglio, Rosa", "Vinciguerra, Alex Lucia"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483923", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482622, "title": "Covid-19 and refugees, asylum seekers, and migrants in Greece.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kondilis, Elias", "Puchner, Karl", "Veizis, Apostolos", "Papatheodorou, Christos", "Benos, Alexis"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482622", "countries": ["Greece"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470688, "pmcid": "PMC7242204", "title": "COVID-19 lockdown measures reveal human impact on water transparency in the Venice Lagoon.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Braga, Federica", "Scarpa, Gian Marco", "Brando, Vittorio Ernesto", "Manfe, Giorgia", "Zaggia, Luca"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470688", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lagoon of Venice has always been affected by the regional geomorphological evolution, anthropogenic stressors and global changes. Different morphological settings and variable biogeophysical conditions characterize this continuously evolving system that rapidly responds to the anthropic impacts. When the lockdown measures were enforced in Italy to control the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on March 10th 2020, the ordinary urban water traffic around Venice, one of the major pressures in the lagoon, came to a halt. This provided a unique opportunity to analyse the environmental effects of restrictions to mobility on water transparency. Pseudo true-colour composites Sentinel-2 satellite imagery proved useful for qualitative visual interpretation, showing the reduction of the vessel traffic and their wakes from the periods before and during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. A quantitative analysis of suspended matter patterns, based on satellite-derived turbidity, in the absence of traffic perturbations, allowed to focus on natural processes and the residual stress from human activities that continued throughout the lockdown. We conclude that the high water transparency can be considered as a transient condition determined by a combination of natural seasonal factors and the effects of COVID-19 restrictions."}, {"pmid": 32459192, "title": "Molecular, serological, and biochemical diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19: IFCC taskforce evaluation of the latest evidence.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Bohn, Mary Kathryn", "Lippi, Giuseppe", "Horvath, Andrea", "Sethi, Sunil", "Koch, David", "Ferrari, Maurizio", "Wang, Cheng-Bin", "Mancini, Nicasio", "Steele, Shannon", "Adeli, Khosrow"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459192", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has presented major challenges for clinical laboratories, from initial diagnosis to patient monitoring and treatment. Initial response to this pandemic involved the development, production, and distribution of diagnostic molecular assays at an unprecedented rate, leading to minimal validation requirements and concerns regarding their diagnostic accuracy in clinical settings. In addition to molecular testing, serological assays to detect antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are now becoming available from numerous diagnostic manufacturers. In both cases, the lack of peer-reviewed data and regulatory oversight, combined with general misconceptions regarding their appropriate use, have highlighted the importance of laboratory professionals in robustly validating and evaluating these assays for appropriate clinical use. The International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) Task Force on COVID-19 has been established to synthesize up-to-date information on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19, as well as to develop practical recommendations on the use of molecular, serological, and biochemical tests in disease diagnosis and management. This review summarizes the latest evidence and status of molecular, serological, and biochemical testing in COVID-19 and highlights some key considerations for clinical laboratories operating to support the global fight against this ongoing pandemic. Confidently this consolidated information provides a useful resource to laboratories and a reminder of the laboratory's critical role as the world battles this unprecedented crisis."}, {"pmid": 32482142, "title": "Back to the Future: Principles on Resuming Outpatient Services in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Valika, Taher S", "Billings, Kathleen R"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482142", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapidly changing health care climate related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in numerous changes to health care systems and in practices that protect both the public and the workers who serve in hospitals around the country. As a result, these past few months have seen a drastic reduction in outpatient visits. With phased reopening and appropriate guidance, health care systems are attempting to return to normal. The experiences and lessons learned are described, and we provide guiding principles to allow for a safe and effective return to outpatient care."}, {"pmid": 32353269, "pmcid": "PMC7185950", "title": "COVID-19, unemployment, and suicide.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kawohl, Wolfram", "Nordt, Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353269", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359819, "pmcid": "PMC7183945", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Interventional Radiology Training Programs: What You Need to Know.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Warhadpande, Shantanu", "Khaja, Minhaj S", "Sabri, Saher S"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359819", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has affected medical education in unprecedented ways. Herein, we briefly describe the affects of COVID-19 on Interventional Radiology residency training and summarize up to date guidance by governing bodies and key stakeholders."}, {"pmid": 32302401, "pmcid": "PMC7161085", "title": "Targeting potential drivers of COVID-19: Neutrophil extracellular traps.", "journal": "J Exp Med", "authors": ["Barnes, Betsy J", "Adrover, Jose M", "Baxter-Stoltzfus, Amelia", "Borczuk, Alain", "Cools-Lartigue, Jonathan", "Crawford, James M", "Dassler-Plenker, Juliane", "Guerci, Philippe", "Huynh, Caroline", "Knight, Jason S", "Loda, Massimo", "Looney, Mark R", "McAllister, Florencia", "Rayes, Roni", "Renaud, Stephane", "Rousseau, Simon", "Salvatore, Steven", "Schwartz, Robert E", "Spicer, Jonathan D", "Yost, Christian C", "Weber, Andrew", "Zuo, Yu", "Egeblad, Mikala"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302401", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel, viral-induced respiratory disease that in \u223c10-15% of patients progresses to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) triggered by a cytokine storm. In this Perspective, autopsy results and literature are presented supporting the hypothesis that a little known yet powerful function of neutrophils-the ability to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)-may contribute to organ damage and mortality in COVID-19. We show lung infiltration of neutrophils in an autopsy specimen from a patient who succumbed to COVID-19. We discuss prior reports linking aberrant NET formation to pulmonary diseases, thrombosis, mucous secretions in the airways, and cytokine production. If our hypothesis is correct, targeting NETs directly and/or indirectly with existing drugs may reduce the clinical severity of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32430627, "pmcid": "PMC7237344", "title": "COVID-19-associated cardiovascular morbidity in older adults: a position paper from the Italian Society of Cardiovascular Researches.", "journal": "Geroscience", "authors": ["Moccia, F", "Gerbino, A", "Lionetti, V", "Miragoli, M", "Munaron, L M", "Pagliaro, P", "Pasqua, T", "Penna, C", "Rocca, C", "Samaja, M", "Angelone, T"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430627", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects host cells following binding with the cell surface ACE2 receptors, thereby leading to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 causes viral pneumonia with additional extrapulmonary manifestations and major complications, including acute myocardial injury, arrhythmia, and shock mainly in elderly patients. Furthermore, patients with existing cardiovascular comorbidities, such as hypertension and coronary heart disease, have a worse clinical outcome following contraction of the viral illness. A striking feature of COVID-19 pandemics is the high incidence of fatalities in advanced aged patients: this might be due to the prevalence of frailty and cardiovascular disease increase with age due to endothelial dysfunction and loss of endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms. Although experimental evidence on this topic is still at its infancy, the aim of this position paper is to hypothesize and discuss more suggestive cellular and molecular mechanisms whereby SARS-CoV-2 may lead to detrimental consequences to the cardiovascular system. We will focus on aging, cytokine storm, NLRP3/inflammasome, hypoxemia, and air pollution, which is an emerging cardiovascular risk factor associated with rapid urbanization and globalization. We will finally discuss the impact of clinically available CV drugs on the clinical course of COVID-19 patients. Understanding the role played by SARS-CoV2 on the CV system is indeed mandatory to get further insights into COVID-19 pathogenesis and to design a therapeutic strategy of cardio-protection for frail patients."}, {"pmid": 32216719, "pmcid": "PMC7233407", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Radiology Trainees.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Alvin, Matthew D", "George, Elizabeth", "Deng, Francis", "Warhadpande, Shantanu", "Lee, Susanna I"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216719", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377015, "pmcid": "PMC7201202", "title": "The multifaceted long-term effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on urology.", "journal": "Nat Rev Urol", "authors": ["Morlacco, Alessandro", "Motterle, Giovanni", "Zattoni, Filiberto"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377015", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32007524, "pmcid": "PMC7126811", "title": "Emergence of SARS-like coronavirus poses new challenge in China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Wang, Ruichen", "Zhang, Xu", "Irwin, David M", "Shen, Yongyi"], "date": "2020-02-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32007524", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207255, "pmcid": "PMC7183834", "title": "Mediastinal Emphysema, Giant Bulla, and Pneumothorax Developed during the Course of COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Sun, Ruihong", "Liu, Hongyuan", "Wang, Xiang"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207255", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia is a recent outbreak in mainland China and has rapidly spread to multiple countries worldwide. Pulmonary parenchymal opacities are often observed during chest radiography. Currently, few cases have reported the complications of severe COVID-19 pneumonia. We report a case where serial follow-up chest computed tomography revealed progression of pulmonary lesions into confluent bilateral consolidation with lower lung predominance, thereby confirming COVID-19 pneumonia. Furthermore, complications such as mediastinal emphysema, giant bulla, and pneumothorax were also observed during the course of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32450309, "pmcid": "PMC7243783", "title": "Telemedicine for Outpatient Neurosurgical Oncology Care: Lessons Learned for the Future During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Daggubati, Lekhaj C", "Eichberg, Daniel G", "Ivan, Michael E", "Hanft, Simon", "Mansouri, Alireza", "Komotar, Ricardo J", "D'Amico, Randy S", "Zacharia, Brad E"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450309", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus 2019 (COVD-19) pandemic has drastically disrupted the delivery of neurosurgical care, especially for the already at-risk neuro-oncology population. The sudden change to clinic visits has rapidly spurned the implementation of telemedicine. A recommendation care paradigm of neuro-oncologic patients limited by telemedicine has not been reported. A summary of a multi-institution experience detailing the potential benefits, pitfalls, and the necessary considerations to outpatient care of neurosurgical oncology patients. There are limitations and advantages to incorporating telemedicine into the outpatient care of neuro-oncology patients. Telemedicine-specific considerations for each step and stakeholder of the appointment (physician, patient, scheduling, previsit, imaging, and physical examination) are examined. Telemedicine, pushed to prominence during this COVID-19 pandemic, is a powerful and possibly preferential tool for the future of outpatient neuro-oncologic care."}, {"pmid": 32524779, "title": "Role of Chest Computed Tomography in Children with Pneumonia Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Lee, Mi Jung", "Goo, Hyun Woo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524779", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506541, "title": "Safety guidelines for non-surgical facial procedures during covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Bertossi, Dario", "Mohsahebi, Ash", "Philippe Dormstrom", "Heidenrich, Izolda", "Pirayesh, Ali", "D'Souza, Alwyn", "Saleh, Hesham", "Yavuzer, Rezha", "Fakih, Nabil", "Vent, Julia", "Rahman, Eqram", "Kapoor, Krishan Mohan"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506541", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is expected to last for an extended time, making strict safety precautions for office procedures unavoidable. The lockdown is going to be lifted in many areas, and strict guidelines detailing the infection control measures for aesthetic clinics are going to be of particular importance. A virtual meeting was conducted with the members (n=12) of the European Academy of Facial Plastic Surgery Focus Group to outline the safety protocol for the non-surgical facial aesthetic procedures for aesthetic practices in order to protect the clinic staff and the patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The data analysis was undertaken by thematic and iterative approach. Consensus guidelines for non-surgical facial aesthetic procedures based on current knowledge are provided for three levels: precautions before visiting the clinic, precautions during the clinic visit, and precautions after the clinic visit. Sound infection control measures are mandatory for non-surgical aesthetic practices all around the world. These may vary from country to country, but this logical approach can be customized according to the respective country laws and guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32387796, "pmcid": "PMC7190468", "title": "Implementation of quarantine in China during the outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Kang, Chuanyuan", "Meng, Fu", "Feng, Qiang", "Yuan, Jing", "Liu, Liang", "Xu, Li", "Yang, Shuran", "Wei, Yujun", "Zhao, Xudong", "Yang, Jianzhong"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387796", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439209, "pmcid": "PMC7180376", "title": "Characteristics and prognostic factors of disease severity in patients with COVID-19: The Beijing experience.", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Sun, Ying", "Dong, Yanli", "Wang, Lifeng", "Xie, Huan", "Li, Baosen", "Chang, Christopher", "Wang, Fu-Sheng"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has become one of the worst infectious disease outbreaks of recent times, with over 2.1 million cases and 120,000 deaths so far. Our study investigated the demographic, clinical, laboratory and imaging features of 63 patients with COVID-19 in Beijing. Patients were classified into four groups, mild, moderate, severe and critically ill. The mean age of our patients was 47 years of age (range 3-85) and there was a slight male predominance (58.7%). Thirty percent of our patients had severe or critically ill disease, but only 20% of severe and 33% of critically ill patients had been to Wuhan. Fever was the most common presentation (84.1%), but cough was present in only slightly over half of the patients. We found that lymphocyte and eosinophils count were significantly decreased in patients with severe disease (p\u00a0=\u00a00.001 and p\u00a0=\u00a00.000, respectively). Eosinopenia was a feature of higher levels of severity. Peripheral CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes were significantly decreased in severe and critically ill patients, but there was only a non-statistically significant downward trend in NK cell numbers with severity. Of note is that liver function tests including AST, ALT, GGT and LDH were elevated, and albumin was decreased. The inflammatory markers CRP, ESR and ferritin were elevated in patients with severe disease or worse. IL-6 levels were also higher, indicating that the presence of a hyperimmune inflammatory state portends higher morbidity and mortality. In a binary logistic regression model, C-reactive protein level (OR 1.073, [CI, 1.013-1.136]; p\u00a0=\u00a00.017), CD8 T lymphocyte counts (OR 0.989, [CI, 0.979-1.000]; p\u00a0=\u00a00.043), and D-dimer (OR 5.313, [CI, 0.325-86.816]; p\u00a0=\u00a00.241) were independent predictors of disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32334410, "pmcid": "PMC7162754", "title": "Response to: Rethinking online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Malathesh, Barikar C", "Gowda, Guru S", "Kumar, Channaveerachari Naveen", "Narayana, Manjunatha", "Math, Suresh Bada"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334410", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407706, "pmcid": "PMC7219427", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: A New Song Recalls an Old Melody.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Subbarao, Kanta"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407706", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The viruses causing the SARS outbreak of 2002-2003 and current COVID-19 pandemic are related betacoronaviruses. What insights were learned from SARS that can inform SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development? Focusing on important lessons from SARS vaccine development and two SARS vaccines evaluated in humans may guide SARS-CoV-2 vaccine design, testing, and implementation."}, {"pmid": 32310715, "title": "Surgical Infection Society Guidance for Operative and Peri-Operative Care of Adult Patients Infected by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Surg Infect (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Heffernan, Daithi S", "Evans, Heather L", "Huston, Jared M", "Claridge, Jeffrey A", "Blake, David P", "May, Addison K", "Beilman, Greg S", "Barie, Philip S", "Kaplan, Lewis J"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310715", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Background:\n                     Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-associated viral infection (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) is a virulent, contagious viral pandemic that is affecting populations worldwide. As with any airborne viral respiratory infection, surgical and non-surgical patients may be affected. \n                        Methods:\n                     Review and synthesis of pertinent English-language literature pertaining to COVID-19 infection among adult patients. \n                        Results:\n                     COVID-19 disease that requires hospitalization results in critical illness approximately 25% of the time and requires mechanical ventilation with positive airway pressure. Acute kidney injury, a marked hypercoagulable state, and sometimes myocarditis can be features of COVID-19 in addition to the characteristic severe acute lung injury. Even if not among the most seriously afflicted, older patients with medical comorbidities are both predisposed to infection and risk increased morbidity and mortality, however, all persons presenting for surgical intervention should be suspected of infection (and thus transmissibility) even if asymptomatic. Although most elective surgery has been curtailed by administrative or governmental fiat, patients will still need urgent or emergency operative intervention for time-sensitive disease processes such as malignant neoplasia or for true emergencies such as perforated viscus or traumatic injury. It is possible to provide safe surgical care for SARS-CoV-2-positive patients and minimize nosocomial transmission to healthcare workers. \n                        Conclusions:\n                     This guidance will facilitate appropriate protection of patients and staff, and maintenance of infection control measures to assist surgical personnel and facilities to prepare for COVID-19-infected adult patients requiring urgent or emergent operative intervention and to provide optimal patient care."}, {"pmid": 32371054, "pmcid": "PMC7183991", "title": "COVID-19 in Brazil.", "journal": "Pulmonology", "authors": ["Marson, F A Lima", "Ortega, M M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371054", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282234, "pmcid": "PMC7193779", "title": "Cancer Center Recommendations to Mitigate COVID-19 Impact in Patients With Cancer: Low-Resource Settings Version.", "journal": "JCO Glob Oncol", "authors": ["Pino, Luis", "Perez, Carlos", "Cardona, Andres", "Triana, Ivan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282234", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317316, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine reduces the risk of covid-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases: myth or reality?", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Xie, Wenhui", "Wang, Yu", "Zhang, Zhuoli"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317316", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495850, "title": "The impact of heroin illicit market in the framework of COVID 19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Marinelli, E"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433624, "title": "Coronavirus: everyone wins when patents are pooled.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433624", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346814, "pmcid": "PMC7188455", "title": "Severe hypocalcemia in a thyroidectomized woman with Covid-19 infection.", "journal": "Endocrine", "authors": ["Bossoni, Simonetta", "Chiesa, Laura", "Giustina, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346814", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445724, "pmcid": "PMC7240256", "title": "Different patterns of Influenza A and B detected during early stages of COVID-19 in a university hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["de Souza Luna, Luciano Kleber", "Perosa, Dr Ana Helena", "Conte, Danielle Dias", "Carvalho, Joseane Mayara Almeida", "Alves, Vitoria Rodrigues Guimaraes", "Cruz, Jessica Santiago", "Bellei, Nancy"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445724", "countries": ["Brazil"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32166939, "title": "[Which sampling method for the upper respiratory tract specimen should be taken to diagnose patient with COVID-19?]", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ye, B", "Fan, C", "Pan, Y", "Ding, R", "Hu, H X", "Xiang, M L"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32166939", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is raging in China, especially in Hubei Province, which has resulted great dangers in people's life and national economy. According to the guidelines drafted by China's Center for Disease prevention and Control (CDC), the positive nucleic acid test is need to the diagnosis of patient with COVID-19. Upper respiratory tract specimens are the main sources for nucleic acid detection. However, based on international guidelines of COVID-19 , no recommended level of upper respiratory tract sampling method is proposed. Therefore, which kind of sampling methods should be chosen to help the COVID-19 diagnosis and which way is the most secure for doctors and nurses is our concern. In this review, we analyzed a total of 10 literatures on the sampling methods of upper respiratory tract related to infectious diseases such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS), middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS), and influenza A (H1N1), which were spread worldwide in past years. Literatures were collected from the three dimensions of sampling method, sampling time, and sampling safety. It was found that among all the upper respiratory sampling methods, nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) had a higher positive rate within 2 weeks of symptom onset, while combined nasal and oropharyngeal swabs (NS + OPS) was the least harmful to medical staff during sampling. We wish this review is helpful for the prevention of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32419777, "pmcid": "PMC7225718", "title": "No Need of Transforming Gastroenterology Units to COVID Units at the Time of SARS-COV2 Infection - A Single-Center Analysis from Northern Italy.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Zingone, Fabiana", "Casadei, Cesare", "Farinati, Fabio", "Savarino, Edoardo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398211, "title": "Critical changes to services for TB patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis", "authors": ["Cox, V", "Wilkinson, L", "Grimsrud, A", "Hughes, J", "Reuter, A", "Conradie, F", "Nel, J", "Boyles, T"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398211", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319118, "pmcid": "PMC7264678", "title": "Two X-linked agammaglobulinemia patients develop pneumonia as COVID-19 manifestation but recover.", "journal": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Soresina, Annarosa", "Moratto, Daniele", "Chiarini, Marco", "Paolillo, Ciro", "Baresi, Giulia", "Foca, Emanuele", "Bezzi, Michela", "Baronio, Barbara", "Giacomelli, Mauro", "Badolato, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319118", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which has recently affected Italy since February 21, constitutes a threat to normal subjects, as the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) can manifest with a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes ranging from asymptomatic cases to pneumonia or even death. There is evidence that older age and several comorbidities can affect the risk to develop severe pneumonia and possibly the need of mechanic ventilation in subjects infected with SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, we evaluated the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) such as X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA). When the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic has reached Italy, we have activated a surveillance protocol of patients with IEI, to perform SARS-CoV-2 search by nasopharyngeal swab in patients presenting with symptoms that could be a manifestation of COVID-19, such as fever, cough, diarrhea, or vomiting. We describe two patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) aged 34 and 26\u00a0years with complete absence of B cells from peripheral blood who developed COVID-19, as diagnosed by SARS-CoV-2 detection by nasopharyngeal swab, while receiving immunoglobulin infusions. Both patients developed interstitial pneumonia characterized by fever, cough, and anorexia and associated with elevation of CRP and ferritin, but have never required oxygen ventilation or intensive care. Our report suggests that XLA patients might present with high risk to develop pneumonia after SARS-CoV-2 infection, but can recover from infection, suggesting that B-cell response might be important, but is not strictly required to overcome the disease. However, there is a need for larger observational studies to extend these conclusions to other patients with similar genetic immune defects."}, {"pmid": 32318718, "pmcid": "PMC7188164", "title": "A case series of children with Coronavirus Disease 2019: what have we learned?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318718", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265035, "pmcid": "PMC7118687", "title": "[French Sarcoma Group proposals for management of sarcoma patients during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Penel, Nicolas", "Bonvalot, Sylvie", "Minard, Veronique", "Orbach, Daniel", "Gouin, Francois", "Corradini, Nadege", "Brahmi, Mehdi", "Marec-Berard, Perrine", "Briand, Sylvain", "Gaspar, Nathalie", "Llacer, Carmen", "Carrere, Sebastien", "Dufresne, Armelle", "Le Cesne, Axel", "Blay, Jean-Yves"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265035", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479231, "title": "Rural Health, Behavioral Health, And More.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Weil, Alan R"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479231", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336803, "pmcid": "PMC7174816", "title": "[Projecting the Spread of COVID-19 for Germany].", "journal": "Wirtschaftsdienst", "authors": ["Donsimoni, Jean Roch", "Glawion, Rene", "Plachter, Bodo", "Walde, Klaus"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336803", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The authors model the evolution of the number of confi rmed cases of COVID-19 in Germany. Their theoretical framework builds on a continuous time Markov chain with four physical states: healthy, sick, recovered or asymptomatic infected, and dead. Their quantitative solution matches the number of sick individuals based on the most recent fi gures with the share of sick individuals following from infection rates and sickness probabilities. They employ this framework to study the expected peak of the number of sick individuals in a scenario without public regulation of social contacts. They also study the impact of public regulations. For all scenarios, they report the expected end of the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32242236, "pmcid": "PMC7184428", "title": "COVID-19 and smoking.", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Berlin, Ivan", "Thomas, Daniel", "Le Faou, Anne-Laurence", "Cornuz, Jacques"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242236", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296269, "pmcid": "PMC7157832", "title": "Is Pakistan on track to have COVID-19 transmission and mortality rates similar to those of Italy, Iran or the USA?", "journal": "Drugs Ther Perspect", "authors": ["Javed, Bilal", "Sarwer, Abdullah", "Soto, Erik B", "Mashwani, Zia-Ur-Rehman"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296269", "countries": ["United States", "Italy", "Pakistan", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376581, "pmcid": "PMC7167308", "title": "[An increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio is an early warning signal of severe COVID-19].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Xia, Xintian", "Wen, Minyong", "Zhan, Shaofeng", "He, Jing", "Chen, Weitao"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376581", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify the biomarkers as early warning signals for severe COVID-19. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 63 patients with COVID- 19 from Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, including 32 moderate cases and 31 severe cases. The demographic data, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations and laboratory test results were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors that predicted the severity of COVID-19. The receiver- operating characteristic curve (ROC) of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was calculated, and the area under the curve (AUC) was determined to estimate the optimal threshold of NLR for predicting severe cases of COVID-19. The patients with moderate and server COVID-19 showed significant differences in the rate of diabetes, NLR, serum amyloid A (SSA), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum albumin (ALB) levels (P < 0.05). The co- morbidity of diabetes, NLR, SSA and CRP were found to positively correlate and ALB to inversely correlate with the severity of COVID-19 (P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that NLR was an independent risk factor for severe COVID-19 (OR=1.264, 95% CI: 1.046-1.526, P=0.015) with an AUC of 0.831 (95% CI: 0.730-0.932), an optimal diagnostic threshold of 4.795, a sensitivity of 0.839, and a specificity of 0.750. An increased NLR can serve as an early warning signal of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32295786, "title": "Festina lente: hydroxychloroquine, COVID-19 and the role of the rheumatologist.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Graef, Elizabeth R", "Liew, Jean W", "Putman, Michael S", "Simard, Julia F", "Sirotich, Emily", "Berenbaum, Francis", "Duarte-Garcia, Ali", "Grainger, Rebecca", "Harrison, Carly", "Konig, Maximilian F", "Korsten, Peter", "Proulx, Laurie", "Richards, Dawn P", "Robinson, Philip C", "Sattui, Sebastian E", "Ugarte-Gil, Manuel Francisco", "Young, Kristen J", "Kim, Alfred Hj", "Sparks, Jeffrey A"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295786", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414666, "pmcid": "PMC7211581", "title": "A severe-type COVID-19 case with prolonged virus shedding.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Liu, Yijie", "Chen, Xu", "Zou, Xuan", "Luo, Hong"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414666", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516861, "title": "Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in COVID-19 patients aged >/=80 years.", "journal": "Geriatr Gerontol Int", "authors": ["Covino, Marcello", "De Matteis, Giuseppe", "Santoro, Michele", "Sabia, Luca", "Simeoni, Benedetta", "Candelli, Marcello", "Ojetti, Veronica", "Franceschi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516861", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the present study was to describe the clinical presentation of patients aged \u226580\u2009years with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and provide insights regarding the prognostic factors and the risk stratification in this population. This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study, carried out in a referral center for COVID-19 in central Italy. We reviewed the clinical records of patients consecutively admitted for confirmed COVID-19 over a 1-month period (1-31 March 2020). We excluded asymptomatic discharged patients. We identified risk factors for death, by a uni- and multivariate Cox regression analysis. To improve model fitting and hazard estimation, continuous parameters where dichotomized by using Youden's index. Overall, 69 patients, aged 80-98\u2009years, met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study cohort. The median age was 84\u2009years (82-89\u2009years is interquartile range); 37 patients (53.6%) were men. Globally, 14 patients (20.3%) presented a mild, 30 (43.5%) a severe and 25 (36.2%) a critical COVID-19 disease. A total of 23 (33.3%) patients had died at 30\u2009days' follow up. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that severe dementia, pO2 \u226490 at admission and lactate dehydrogenase >464\u2009U/L were independent risk factors for death. The present data suggest that risk of death could be not age dependent in patients aged \u226580\u2009years, whereas severe dementia emerged is a relevant risk factor in this population. Severe COVID-19, as expressed by elevated lactate dehydrogenase and low oxygen saturation at emergency department admission, is associated with a rapid progression to death in these patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; \u2022\u2022: \u2022\u2022-\u2022\u2022."}, {"pmid": 32517999, "title": "Fulminant myocarditis and COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517999", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353743, "pmcid": "PMC7179490", "title": "Purposing Saikosaponins for the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Bahbah, Eshak I", "Negida, Ahmed", "Nabet, Mohamed Salah"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353743", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479788, "pmcid": "PMC7259901", "title": "Poor clinical outcomes for patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Tang, Liang V", "Hu, Yu"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479788", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461491, "title": "Resurgence of \"bow and arrow\" related ocular trauma: Collateral damage arising from COVID-19 lockdown in India?", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Bapaye, Maneesh M", "Nair, Akshay Gopinathan", "Mangulkar, Pankaj P", "Bapaye, Charuta M", "Bapaye, Meena M"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461491", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394336, "pmcid": "PMC7212844", "title": "An innovative endotracheal tube clamp for use in COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Jacob, Miguel", "Ruivo, Ernesto", "Portela, Ines", "Tavares, Joao", "Varela, Miguel", "Moutinho, Sofia", "Costa, Hugo", "Nunez, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145716, "title": "[The preliminary analysis on the characteristics of the cluster for the COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, H Y", "Xu, J", "Li, Y", "Liang, X", "Jin, Y F", "Chen, S Y", "Zhang, R G", "Zhang, W D", "Duan, G C"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145716", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, COVID-19, a new emerging infection disease, has spread in 27 countries and regions. The clusters of many cases were reported with the epidemic progresses. We collected currently available information for 377 COVID-19 clusters (1 719 cases), excluded the hospital clusters and Hubei cases, during the period from January 1 to February 20, 2020. There were 297 family clusters (79%), case median was 4; 39 clusters of dining (10%), case median was 5; 23 clusters of shopping malls or supermarkets (6%), case median was 13; 12 clusters of work units (3%), case median was 6, and 6 clusters of transportation. We selected 325 cases to estimate the incubation period and its range was 1 to 20 days, median was 7 days, and mode was 4 days. The analysis of the epidemic situation in a department store in China indicated that there was a possibility of patients as the source of infection during the incubation period of the epidemic. From February 5 to 21, 2020, 634 persons were infected on the Diamond Princess Liner. All persons are susceptible to the 2019 coronavirus. Age, patients during the incubation period and the worse environment might be the cause of the cases rising. The progress of the two typical outbreaks clearly demonstrated the spread of the early cases in Wuhan. In conclusion, screening and isolating close contacts remained essential other than clinical treatment during the epidemic. Especially for the healthy people in the epidemic area, isolation was the key."}, {"pmid": 32345859, "pmcid": "PMC7202102", "title": "USE OF A MODIFIED SYSTEM FOR MANUAL VENTILATION OF THE PATIENT FOR IN-HOSPITAL AND EXTRA HOSPITAL TRANSPORT TO AVOID AEROSOLIZING SPREAD OF DROPLETS DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Fusco, Pierfrancesco", "Petroni, Gian Marco", "Di Carlo, Stefano", "Tullj, Stefania", "Arcangeli, Valentina", "Marinangeli, Franco"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345859", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233034, "title": "Overview of guidance for endoscopy during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Lui, Rashid N", "Wong, Sunny H", "Sanchez-Luna, Sergio A", "Pellino, Gianluca", "Bollipo, Steven", "Wong, Mei-Yin", "Chiu, Philip W Y", "Sung, Joseph J Y"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233034", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From its beginning in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak has spread globally from Wuhan and is now declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The sheer scale and severity of this pandemic is unprecedented in the modern era. Although primarily a respiratory tract infection transmitted by direct contact and droplets, during aerosol-generating procedures, there is a possibility of airborne transmission. In addition, emerging evidence suggests possible fecal-oral spread of the virus. Clinical departments that perform endoscopy are faced with daunting challenges during this pandemic. To date, multiple position statements and guidelines have been issued by various professional organizations to recommend practices in endoscopic procedures. This article aims to summarize and discuss available evidence for these practices, to provide guidance for endoscopy to enhance patient safety, avoid nosocomial outbreaks, protect healthcare personnel, and ensure rational use of personal protective equipment. Responses adapted to national recommendations and local infection control guidelines and tailored to the availability of medical resources are imminently needed to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32473233, "pmcid": "PMC7255159", "title": "Derivation and validation of a scoring system to assess pre-test probability of being COVID-19 positive.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Borghetti, A", "Ciccullo, A", "Paratore, M", "Rovedi, F", "Stella, L", "Marchetti, A", "Cattani, P", "Verme, L Zileri Dal", "Cauda, R", "Gasbarrini, A", "Di Giambenedetto, S"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473233", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473179, "pmcid": "PMC7251398", "title": "Evidence for decontamination of single-use filtering facepiece respirators.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Polkinghorne, A", "Branley, J"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473179", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Single-use filtering face respirators (FFRs) are critical pieces of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers treating patients with suspected upper respiratory tract pathogens. Experiences during pandemics in the 2000s, as well as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-2-CoV2, have highlighted concerns over the pressures that sustained respiratory virus pandemics may have on supplies of FFRs globally. Decontamination of FFRs has been posited as one solution to support the re-use of FFRs with a growing body of literature over the last 10+ years beginning to examine both the efficacy of disinfection of contaminated FFRs but also the impact of the decontamination process on the FFR's performance. Physical and chemical methods of decontamination have been tested for treatment of FFRs with ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, sterilization by steam, ethylene oxide and vaporous hydrogen peroxide, demonstrating the most promising results thus far. Many of these methods utilize existing equipment that may already be available in hospitals and could be re-purposed for FFR decontamination. Importantly, some methods may also be replicated on household equipment, broadening the utility of FFR decontamination across a range of healthcare settings. Utilizing techniques to experimentally contaminate FFRs with a range of microorganisms, most decontamination methods appear to reduce the risk of the mask as a source of infection to the wearer and others to negligible levels. The performance of the filter, especially the efficiency of particle penetration following treatment, varied greatly depending on the processing method as well as the model of the filter itself, however. Urgent regulatory body-supported research is required to endorse the routine decontamination of FFRs. In emergency settings, these methods should nevertheless be carefully considered as one strategy to address potential shortfalls in supplies of FFRs for healthcare workers."}, {"pmid": 32425239, "pmcid": "PMC7229926", "title": "Nurses reports of actual work hours and preferred work hours per shift among frontline nurses during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: A cross-sectional survey.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Stud", "authors": ["Zhang, Xia", "Jiang, Zhixia", "Yuan, Xiaoli", "Wang, Ying", "Huang, Di", "Hu, Rujun", "Zhou, Jiamei", "Chen, Fang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425239", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease that emerged in China in December 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread to all over the world, leading to 823 626 people diagnosed and 40 598 deaths globally as of April 1, 2020. Nurses are providing care to patients with COVID-19 who require hospitalization. To ensure adequate response capacity and to maintain the health of nurses at risk of infection, it is important to analyse the actual work hours and the nurses reported preferred work hours per shift among frontline nurses. To analyse the actual work hours and preferred work hours per shift of nurses reports among frontline nurses fighting the COVID-19 epidemic and to explore the influencing factors on the nurses reported preferred work hours. Cross-sectional survey. This study was conducted in 10 designated hospitals providing treatments to patients with COVID-19 in China. Nurses providing care to patients with COVID-19 in designated hospitals in China. A self-designed questionnaire with open-ended questions was used to assess frontline nurses caring for COVID-19 cases in 10 designated hospitals. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyse the actual work hours, the nurses reported preferred work hours and factors influencing nurses reported preferred work hours among the frontline nurses. A total of 109 nurses responded to the survey. The actual work hours per shift among frontline nurses were exceeded the nurses reported preferred work hours [Median (interquartile range): 5.00(2.00) h vs 4.00 (2.00)h; Minmum-Maxmum: 4-12 h vs 4-8 h], and 60.55% (66/109) of the nurses regarded 4 h as the preferred number of work hours per shift. Five key themes associated with the influencing factors emerged, including circumstances, personal preventable equipment, the physical and emotional needs of nurse, the safety needs of nurse and work intensity. These findings suggest that there is a gap between the actual work hours and the nurses reported preferred work hours among frontline nurses in different units and different posts. The main influencing factors were circumstances, personal preventable equipment, the physical and emotional needs of nurse, the safety needs of nurse and work intensity."}, {"pmid": 32307521, "pmcid": "PMC7188131", "title": "Containing COVID-19 in rural and remote areas: experiences from China.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Liu, Xiucheng", "Zhang, Dianan", "Sun, Teng", "Li, Xiang", "Zhang, Hao"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307521", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277272, "pmcid": "PMC7147145", "title": "How to Handle a COVID-19 Patient in the Angiographic Suite.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Ierardi, Anna Maria", "Wood, Bradford J", "Gaudino, Chiara", "Angileri, Salvatore Alessio", "Jones, Elizabeth C", "Hausegger, Klaus", "Carrafiello, Gianpaolo"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277272", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a single-center report on coordination of staff and handling of patients during the outbreak of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) in a region with high incidence and prevalence of disease. The selection of procedures for interventional radiology (IR), preparation of staff and interventional suite before the arrival of patients, the facility ventilation systems and intra- and post-procedural workflow optimization are described. The control measures described may increase the cost of the equipment, prolong procedural times and increase technical difficulties. However, these precautions may help control the spread of COVID-19 within the healthcare facility."}, {"pmid": 32423627, "pmcid": "PMC7177106", "title": "Caring for cardiac patients amidst the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: The scrambled pieces of the puzzle.", "journal": "Rev Port Cardiol", "authors": ["Felix-Oliveira, Afonso", "de Sousa Almeida, Manuel", "Ferreira, Jorge", "Campante Teles, Rui", "Mesquita Gabriel, Henrique", "Cavaco, Diogo", "Mendes, Miguel"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423627", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395920, "title": "Emergency services and the fight against the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Emergencias", "authors": ["Gonzalez Armengol, Juan", "Vazquez Lima, Tato"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395920", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498731, "title": "Online behavioural patterns for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United Kingdom.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Walker, M D", "Sulyok, M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498731", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432330, "title": "Research Goals During and Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic: Reframing Older Adults as Essential and Priceless.", "journal": "Res Gerontol Nurs", "authors": ["Schutte, Debra L"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432330", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501321, "pmcid": "PMC7252012", "title": "An uncommon cold.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["King, Anthony"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501321", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The covid-19 virus isn't the first coronavirus to jump from animals to humans. What can we learn from previous encounters, asks Anthony King."}, {"pmid": 32150358, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19: facing the pandemic together as citizens and cardiovascular practitioners.", "journal": "Minerva Cardioangiol", "authors": ["Biondi Zoccai, Giuseppe", "Landoni, Giovanni", "Carnevale, Roberto", "Cavarretta, Elena", "Sciarretta, Sebastiano", "Frati, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32150358", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293940, "pmcid": "PMC7193776", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on a Pan-Asian Academic Oncology Clinical Trial.", "journal": "JCO Glob Oncol", "authors": ["Segelov, Eva", "Prenen, Hans", "Day, Daphne", "Macintyre, C Raina", "Foo, Estelle Mei Jye", "Ali, Raghib", "Wang, Quanyi", "Wei, Xiaoting", "Lopes, Gilberto de Lima Jr", "Ding, Kefeng", "Chen, Gong", "Chia, John Whay Kuang", "Toh, Han Chong"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293940", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328927, "pmcid": "PMC7179793", "title": "COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Ultrason (2001)", "authors": ["Hirooka, Yoshiki"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328927", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381441, "pmcid": "PMC7194697", "title": "Effect of COVID-19 on Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Surgical Volume in the United States.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Bedard, Nicholas A", "Elkins, Jacob M", "Brown, Timothy S"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381441", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to help combat the COVID-19 pandemic and preserve essential health care resources, starting in mid-March 2020, surgeons have been instructed to only perform essential surgical procedures. The vast majority of hip and knee arthroplasty surgery does not meet the definition of essential surgery. This study estimated the number of arthroplasty procedures that would be canceled because of these important restrictions. The US hip and knee arthroplasty procedure volume projections for 2020 were estimated from four recently published studies. Data from the American Joint Replacement Registry were utilized to determine what percentage of these cases would be considered nonessential surgery. Monthly and weekly estimates of nonessential hip and knee arthroplasty procedures that would have occurred had there not been any restrictions due to COVID-19 were calculated. After excluding essential procedures, it was estimated that approximately 30,000 primary and 3000 revision hip and knee arthroplasty procedures will be canceled each week while COVID-19 restrictions regarding nonessential surgery are in place. If only 50% of nonessential cases were actually canceled across the United States, that would still result in the cancellation of 15,001 primary and 1435 revision hip and knee arthroplasty procedures per week while restrictions are in place. This study highlights the profound impact COVID-19 is having on our current hip and knee arthroplasty volume. The large number of cases canceled because of COVID-19 translates into major financial losses for health care institutions and may have a profound impact on our patients."}, {"pmid": 32247211, "pmcid": "PMC7102587", "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Singh, Akriti", "Shaikh, Altamash", "Singh, Ritu", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247211", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No drugs are currently approved for Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), although some have been tried. In view of recent studies and discussion on chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), we aimed to review existing literature and relevant websites regarding these drugs and COVID-19, adverse effects related to drugs, and related guidelines. We systematically searched the PubMed database up till March 21, 2020 and retrieved all the articles published on chloroquine and HCQ and COVID-19. Two small human studies have been conducted with both these drugs in COVID-19, and have shown significant improvement in some parameters in patients with COVID-19. Considering minimal risk upon use, a long experience of use in other diseases, cost-effectiveness and easy availability across India, we propose that both these drugs are worthy of fast track clinical trial for treatment, and may be carefully considered for clinical use as experimental drugs. Since HCQ has been approved for treatment of diabetes in India, it should be further researched in diabetes and COVID-19, a subgroup where significant mortality has been shown."}, {"pmid": 32192278, "title": "WHO International Health Regulations Emergency Committee for the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Epidemiol Health", "authors": ["Jee, Youngmee"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192278", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss whether the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak constitutes a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), World Health Organization (WHO) organized the 15-member International Health Regulations Emergency Committee (EC). On January 22-23 and January 30, 2020, EC convened and discussed whether the situation in China and other countries would constitute PHEIC and issued recommendations for WHO, China and the international community. Based on the recommendations of EC, WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a PHEIC. One of the purposes of the declaration of PHEIC was to alarm countries with weak public health infrastructures to prepare promptly for emerging infectious diseases (EID) and provide WHO with a framework for proactively supporting those countries. On February 3, 2020, WHO proposed the 2019 COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan, which includes accelerating research and development (R&D) processes as one of three major strategies. On February 11-12, 2020, WHO held the Global Research and Innovation Forum: Towards a Research Roadmap for COVID-19. The fact that a COVID-19 R&D forum was the first meeting convened after the PHEIC declaration testifies to the importance of R&D in response to EID. Korea has demonstrated a remarkable capacity in its laboratory response by conducting high-throughput COVID-19 testing and utilizing innovative drive-through samplings. These measures for early detection and screening of cases should be followed by full efforts to produce research-based evidence by thoroughly analyzing epidemiological, clinical and immunological data, which will facilitate the development of vaccines and therapeutics for COVID-19. It is expected that Korea plays a global partner for COVID-19 research by actively participating in immediate and mid/long-term priorities jointly led by WHO and global partners."}, {"pmid": 32220877, "title": "Covid-19: \"Illogical\" lack of testing is causing healthy staff to self-isolate, BMA chief warns.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220877", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515258, "title": "Spring in London with Covid-19: a personal view.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Brahams, Diana"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515258", "countries": ["Spain", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a personal view from London as the Covid-19 pandemic continues to spread here and the situation changes from day to day. As such it can only be a snapshot caught in time; it is not a diary of events. The Coronavirus Act 2020 gives Government enormous powers and was passed by Parliament in one day of debate immediately before it closed early for the Easter break. In March, the government imposed a \"lockdown: the closure of all\" but \"essential\" businesses and people other than essential workers must work from home but are allowed out for exercise and food shopping but must maintain 2 m apart, the \"social distancing rule\". The aim is to suppress the spread of the virus, reduce the death toll and \"protect the National Health Service (NHS)\" which needed time to empty wards and expand its intensive care unit (ICU) capability to deal with an expected influx of thousands of very sick patients. I discuss whether this strategy is working, how and why it has rapidly been altered to respond to criticism. Why was the Government so slow to seek the help of private laboratories to assist with testing? Why was the personal protective equipment (PPE) guidance altered only after criticism? I look at the impact of the lockdown on the UK economy, the changes to practice of medicine and speeding of scientific research. Cooperating with the lockdown has its price; is it harming the health and mental health of children, people living in households with potentially abusive partners or parents and those who are disabled or financially desperate? Is the cure worse than the disease? The Economy is being devastated by the lockdown and each day of lockdown it is worse. Is litigation being seeded even now by the pandemic? Notwithstanding unprecedented Government financial help many businesses are on the edge of collapse, people will lose their jobs and pensioners income. The winners include pharmacies, supermarkets, online food retailers, Amazon, online apps, providers of video games, services, streaming and scientific research laboratories, manufacturers of testing kits, ventilators, hand sanitisers, coffins, undertakers, etc. The British public is cooperating with lockdown but are we less productive at home? Parents with babies and children often child minders, school, grandparents or paid help which is not now available. Will current reliance on video-conferencing and video calls permanently change the way we work and will we need smaller city offices? Will we travel less? Will medical and legal practice and civil and criminal trials be generally carried out remotely? Will social distancing with self-isolation and job losses and business failures fuel depression? Is Covid-19 comparable to past epidemics like the Plague and Spanish flu?"}, {"pmid": 32238757, "title": "Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Microbiol Biotechnol", "authors": ["Ahn, Dae-Gyun", "Shin, Hye-Jin", "Kim, Mi-Hwa", "Lee, Sunhee", "Kim, Hae-Soo", "Myoung, Jinjong", "Kim, Bum-Tae", "Kim, Seong-Jun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238757", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which causes serious respiratory illness such as pneumonia and lung failure, was first reported in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei, China. The etiological agent of COVID-19 has been confirmed as a novel coronavirus, now known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is most likely originated from zoonotic coronaviruses, like SARS-CoV, which emerged in 2002. Within a few months of the first report, SARS-CoV-2 had spread across China and worldwide, reaching a pandemic level. As COVID-19 has triggered enormous human casualties and serious economic loss posing global threat, an understanding of the ongoing situation and the development of strategies to contain the virus's spread are urgently needed. Currently, various diagnostic kits to test for COVID-19 are available and several repurposing therapeutics for COVID-19 have shown to be clinically effective. In addition, global institutions and companies have begun to develop vaccines for the prevention of COVID-19. Here, we review the current status of epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32532946, "title": "CT features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: experience of a single center in Southern Italy.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Martino, Alberigo", "Fiore, Emilio", "Mazza, Emerico Maria", "Minichiello, Stefana", "Brogna, Barbara", "Petronilla, Salvatore", "Megliola, Antonia", "Musto, Lanfranco"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532946", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to report the radiological features of chest CT scan of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) living in a town in Southern Italy where a significant outbreak of the disease occurred. We revised the CT scan of 62 patients (34 male, 28 female, mean age 71 +/- 14 years) with clinical and laboratory signs of COVID-19, as assessed by positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing. All patients underwent chest CT at the time of admission to the hospital. A semi-quantitative scoring system was used to evaluate the extension of the disease. Out of the 62 patients the main radiological findings were reticular pattern (29%), ground-glass opacities (24%), crazy paving pattern (11%) and consolidation (35%). Most of the lesions were bilateral (97%), posterior (95%) and located near pleura (50%) or lung fissures (45%), mainly involving the lower right lobe (56%) and lower left lobe (23%). Pleural thickening was observed in 72.6% of patients and pleural effusion in 18%. Median value of the score was 7.0 and was significantly higher in male than female (8.5 vs 6.0, p=0.03) and in patients with pleural thickening compared to those without this finding (8.0 vs 5.0, p=0.03)."}, {"pmid": 32461325, "title": "Anosmia and dysgeusia associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an age-matched case-control study.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Carignan, Alex", "Valiquette, Louis", "Grenier, Cynthia", "Musonera, Jean Berchmans", "Nkengurutse, Delphin", "Marcil-Heguy, Anais", "Vettese, Kim", "Marcoux, Dominique", "Valiquette, Corinne", "Xiong, Wei Ting", "Fortier, Pierre-Hughes", "Genereux, Melissa", "Pepin, Jacques"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461325", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Anosmia and dysgeusia have been reported as potential symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019. This study aimed to confirm whether anosmia and dysgeusia are specific symptoms among those who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We conducted an age-matched case-control study in the Eastern Townships region of Quebec between Mar. 10 and Mar. 23, 2020. We included adults (age \u2265 18 yr) who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cases were matched (1:1) according to 5-year age groups with control patents selected randomly from among all patients who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 during the same period. Demographic and laboratory information was collected from medical records. Clinical symptoms and comorbidities associated with anosmia and dysgeusia were obtained by telephone interview with a standardized questionnaire. Among 2883 people tested for SARS-CoV-2, we identified 134 positive cases (70 women [52.2%] and 64 men [47.8%]; median age 57.1 [interquartile range 41.2-64.5] yr). The symptoms independently associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity in conditional logistic regression were anosmia or dysgeusia or both (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 62.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 11.0-359.7), presence of myalgia (adjusted OR 7.6, 95% CI 1.9-29.9), blurred vision (adjusted OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.0-0.8) and chest pain (adjusted OR 0.1, 95% CI 0.0-0.6). We found a strong association between olfactory and gustatory symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 positivity. These symptoms should be considered as common and distinctive features of SARS-CoV-2 infection and should serve as an indication for testing and possible retesting of people whose first test result is negative."}, {"pmid": 32219057, "pmcid": "PMC7094941", "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Pipeline: an Overview.", "journal": "Curr Trop Med Rep", "authors": ["Chen, Wen-Hsiang", "Strych, Ulrich", "Hotez, Peter J", "Bottazzi, Maria Elena"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219057", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The goal of this review is to provide a timely overview on efforts to develop a vaccine for the 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Previous research efforts to develop a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) vaccine in the years following the 2003 pandemic have opened the door for investigators to design vaccine concepts and approaches for the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 exhibit a high degree of genetic similarity and bind to the same host cell ACE2 receptor. Based on previous experience with SARS-CoV vaccines, it is expected that all COVID-19 vaccines will require careful safety evaluations for immunopotentiation that could lead to increased infectivity or eosinophilic infiltration. Besides this, a COVID-19 vaccine target product profile must address vaccinating at-risk human populations including frontline healthcare workers, individuals over the age of 60, and those with underlying and debilitating chronic conditions. Among the vaccine technologies under evaluation are whole virus vaccines, recombinant protein subunit vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines. Each current vaccine strategy has distinct advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is paramount that multiple strategies be advanced quickly and then evaluated for safety and efficacy. Ultimately, the safety studies to minimize undesired immunopotentiation will become the most significant bottleneck in terms of time."}, {"pmid": 32402207, "title": "Mechanical Ventilation in COVID-19: Interpreting the Current Epidemiology.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Wunsch, Hannah"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402207", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343187, "title": "The impact of the novel coronavirus on trauma and orthopaedics in the UK.", "journal": "Br J Hosp Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Morgan, Catrin", "Ahluwalia, Aashish K", "Aframian, Arash", "Li, Lily", "Sun, Stephen Ng Man"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343187", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At first glance, the novel coronavirus pandemic and orthopaedic surgery appear separate entities. Orthopaedic surgeons are not generally considered front-line staff in terms of the treatment of the disease that the novel coronavirus causes compared with anaesthetic and medical colleagues. However, the impact that the novel coronavirus is likely to have on the musculoskeletal injury burden and the morbidity associated with chronic musculoskeletal disease is significant. This article summarises the strategies currently being developed for the remodelling of orthopaedic services in the UK and the emergency British Orthopaedic Association Standards for Trauma and Orthopaedic guidelines released on 24 March 2020 in managing urgent orthopaedic patients during the novel coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32307549, "pmcid": "PMC7188142", "title": "A single mass gathering resulted in massive transmission of COVID-19 infections in Malaysia with further international spread.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Che Mat, Nor Fazila", "Edinur, Hisham Atan", "Abdul Razab, Mohammad Khairul Azhar", "Safuan, Sabreena"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307549", "countries": ["Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348048, "title": "[Pediatric impact of COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["L'Huillier, Arnaud G", "Asner, Sandra A"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348048", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 are underrepresented during the current COVID-19 outbreak. Unlike other respiratory viruses, SARS-CoV-2 rather infects adults who subsequently infect their children. From recent Chinese and Italian data, children commonly present mild to moderate disease, a large proportion of them being asymptomatic. In particular, children present significantly less fever, cough and pneumonia compared to adults. However, more cases of pneumonia were reported from children infected with SARS-CoV-2 compared to those infected with H1N1. No vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been described so far."}, {"pmid": 32473068, "title": "Profile and quality of published reviews on COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Pericas, Juan M", "Torrallardona-Murphy, Orla", "Arenas, Andrea", "Valero, Helena", "Nicolas, David"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473068", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has created the necessity to rapidly generate evidence to enlighten many blind spots encompassing the pandemic, from pathophysiology to management. Scientific journals have timely responded to this challenge by prioritizing COVID-19 research, with proactive editorial efforts favoring open-access to articles, launching calls for papers, implementing specific sections and special issues on COVID-19, among others. However, the impact of all these measures on the overall quality and adequacy of research are largely unknown and several authors have shown concern in this regard."}, {"pmid": 32405088, "pmcid": "PMC7219407", "title": "Cardiological society of India position statement on COVID-19 and heart failure.", "journal": "Indian Heart J", "authors": ["Harikrishnan, S", "Mohanan, P P", "Chopra, V K", "Ambuj, Roy", "Sanjay, G", "Manish, Bansal", "Chakraborty, R N", "Chandra, Sharad", "Chattarjee, S S", "Chopra, H K", "Mathew, Cibu", "Deb, P K", "Goyal, A", "Goswami, K C", "Gupta, R", "Guha, S", "Gupta, V", "Hasija, P K", "Wardhan, Harsh", "Jabir, A", "Jayagopal, P B", "Kahali, D", "Katyal, V K", "Kerkar, P G", "Khanna, N N", "Majumder, B", "Mandal, M", "Meena, C B", "Naik, N", "Narain, V K", "Pathak, L A", "Ray, S", "Roy, D", "Sarma, D", "Shanmugasundaram, S", "Singh, B P", "Tyagi, S K", "Venugopal, K", "Wander, G S", "Yadav, R", "Das, M K"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405088", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID 19 global pandemic has engulfed humanity with a huge impact on health systems across the world. Many patients develop myocardial injury which can lead to significant cardiovascular complications including HF. This will require aggressive management strategies which are evolving. Guideline directed drug therapy including ACEI/ARB/ARNI is to be continued in patients with pre-existing HF. Long-term cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 are yet to be ascertained. Protection of health care personnel from contracting the disease should be given high priority."}, {"pmid": 32273335, "title": "COVID-19: community CPAP and NIV should be stopped unless medically necessary to support life.", "journal": "Thorax", "authors": ["Barker, Joseph", "Oyefeso, Oluwatobiloba", "Koeckerling, David", "Mudalige, Nadeesha Lakmal", "Pan, Daniel"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273335", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320359, "title": "The Prevalence, Characteristics, and Prevention Status of Skin Injury Caused by Personal Protective Equipment Among Medical Staff in Fighting COVID-19: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study.", "journal": "Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle)", "authors": ["Jiang, Qixia", "Song, Siping", "Zhou, Jihong", "Liu, Yuxiu", "Chen, Aihua", "Bai, Yuxuan", "Wang, Jing", "Jiang, Zhixia", "Zhang, Yanhong", "Liu, Haiying", "Hua, Jiao", "Guo, Jinli", "Han, Qiuying", "Tang, Yongli", "Xue, Jiayu"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320359", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and preventive status of skin injuries caused by personal protective equipment (PPE) in medical staff. Approach: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online for understanding skin injuries among medical staff fighting COVID-19 in February 8-22, 2020. Participants voluntarily answered and submitted the questionnaire with cell phone. The questionnaire items included demographic data, grade of PPE and daily wearing time, skin injury types, anatomical sites, and preventive measures. Univariable analyses and logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors associated with skin injuries. Results: A total of 4,308 respondents were collected from 161 hospitals and 4,306 respondents were valid. The overall prevalence of skin injuries was 42.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 41.30-44.30) with three types of device-related pressure injuries, moist-associated skin damage, and skin tear. Co-skin injuries and multiple location injuries were 27.4% and 76.8%, respectively. The logistic regression analysis indicated that sweating (95% CI for odds ratio [OR] 87.52-163.11), daily wearing time (95% CI for OR 1.61-3.21), male (95% CI for OR 1.11-2.13), and grade 3 PPE (95% CI for OR 1.08-2.01) were associated with skin injuries. Only 17.7% of respondents took prevention and 45.0% of skin injuries were treated. Innovation: This is the first cross-sectional survey to understand skin injuries in medical staff caused by PPE, which is expected to be a benchmark. Conclusion: The skin injuries among medical staff are serious, with insufficient prevention and treatment. A comprehensive program should be taken in the future."}, {"pmid": 32232685, "pmcid": "PMC7104710", "title": "The experience of high-flow nasal cannula in hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in two hospitals of Chongqing, China.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Wang, Ke", "Zhao, Wei", "Li, Ji", "Shu, Weiwei", "Duan, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232685", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) is currently ongoing in China. Most of the critically ill patients received high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy. However, the experience of HFNC in this population is lacking. We retrospectively screened 318 confirmed patients with NCIP in two hospitals of Chongqing, China, from January 1st to March 4th, 2020. Among them, 27 (8.4%) patients experienced severe acute respiratory failure including 17 patients (63%) treated with HFNC as first-line therapy, 9 patients (33%) treated with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) and one patient (4%) treated with invasive ventilation. HFNC failure was defined by the need of NIV or intubation as rescue therapy. Of the 17 HFNC patients, 7 (41%) experienced HFNC failure. The HFNC failure rate was 0% (0/6) in patients with PaO2/FiO2\u2009>\u2009200\u00a0mm Hg vs. 63% (7/11) in those with PaO2/FiO2\u2009\u2264\u2009200\u00a0mm Hg (p\u2009=\u20090.04). Compared with baseline data, the respiratory rate significantly decreased after 1-2\u00a0h of HFNC in successful group [median 26 (IQR: 25-29) vs. 23 (22-25), p\u2009=\u20090.03]. However, it did not in the unsuccessful group. After initiation of NIV as rescue therapy among the 7 patients with HFNC failure, PaO2/FiO2 significantly improved after 1-2\u00a0h of NIV [median 172 (150-208) mmHg vs. 114 (IQR: 79-130) under HFNC, p\u2009=\u20090.04]. However, two out of seven (29%) patients with NIV as rescue therapy ultimately received intubation. Among the 27 patients with severe acute respiratory failure, four patients were eventually intubated (15%). Our study indicated that HFNC was the most common ventilation support for patients with NCIP. Patients with lower PaO2/FiO2 were more likely to experience HFNC failure."}, {"pmid": 32252837, "pmcid": "PMC7167484", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: The Lombardy scenario in numbers.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Molinari, Andrea", "Pistoia, Federico", "Antonelli, Giuditta"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252837", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32151335, "pmcid": "PMC7159281", "title": "Clinical characteristics and intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in nine pregnant women: a retrospective review of medical records.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chen, Huijun", "Guo, Juanjuan", "Wang, Chen", "Luo, Fan", "Yu, Xuechen", "Zhang, Wei", "Li, Jiafu", "Zhao, Dongchi", "Xu, Dan", "Gong, Qing", "Liao, Jing", "Yang, Huixia", "Hou, Wei", "Zhang, Yuanzhen"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32151335", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous studies on the pneumonia outbreak caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were based on information from the general population. Limited data are available for pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in pregnancy and the intrauterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection. Clinical records, laboratory results, and chest CT scans were retrospectively reviewed for nine pregnant women with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia (ie, with maternal throat swab samples that were positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]) who were admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China, from Jan 20 to Jan 31, 2020. Evidence of intrauterine vertical transmission was assessed by testing for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid, cord blood, and neonatal throat swab samples. Breastmilk samples were also collected and tested from patients after the first lactation. All nine patients had a caesarean section in their third trimester. Seven patients presented with a fever. Other symptoms, including cough (in four of nine patients), myalgia (in three), sore throat (in two), and malaise (in two), were also observed. Fetal distress was monitored in two cases. Five of nine patients had lymphopenia (<1\u00b70\u2009\u00d7\u200910\u2079 cells per L). Three patients had increased aminotransferase concentrations. None of the patients developed severe COVID-19 pneumonia or died, as of Feb 4, 2020. Nine livebirths were recorded. No neonatal asphyxia was observed in newborn babies. All nine livebirths had a 1-min Apgar score of 8-9 and a 5-min Apgar score of 9-10. Amniotic fluid, cord blood, neonatal throat swab, and breastmilk samples from six patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2, and all samples tested negative for the virus. The clinical characteristics of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant women were similar to those reported for non-pregnant adult patients who developed COVID-19 pneumonia. Findings from this small group of cases suggest that there is currently no evidence for intrauterine infection caused by vertical transmission in women who develop COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy. Hubei Science and Technology Plan, Wuhan University Medical Development Plan."}, {"pmid": 32399517, "pmcid": "PMC7216868", "title": "A Possible Scenario for the Covid-19 Epidemic, Based on the SI(R) Model.", "journal": "SN Compr Clin Med", "authors": ["Rocchi, Ettore", "Peluso, Sara", "Sisti, Davide", "Carletti, Margherita"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399517", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many attempts to build epidemic models of the current Covid-19 epidemic have been made in the recent past. However, only models postulating permanent immunity have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a SI(R) model in order to forecast the evolution of the epidemic under the hypothesis of not permanent immunity. This model offers an analytical solution to the problem of finding possible steady states, providing the following equilibrium values: Susceptible about 17%, Recovered (including deceased and healed) ranging from 79 to 81%, and Infected ranging from 2 to 4%. However, it is crucial to consider that the results concerning the recovered, which at first glance are particularly impressive, include the huge proportion of asymptomatic subjects. On the basis of these considerations, we analyse the situation in the province of Pesaro-Urbino, one of the main outbreaks of the epidemic in Italy."}, {"pmid": 32437646, "pmcid": "PMC7234789", "title": "COVID-19 and the impact of social determinants of health.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Abrams, Elissa M", "Szefler, Stanley J"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437646", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205317, "title": "Covid-19: give NHS staff rest spaces and free parking not thank yous, says doctor.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205317", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394344, "pmcid": "PMC7211976", "title": "COVID-19 in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: a case series of 33 patients.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Harter, Georg", "Spinner, Christoph D", "Roider, Julia", "Bickel, Markus", "Krznaric, Ivanka", "Grunwald, Stephan", "Schabaz, Farhad", "Gillor, Daniel", "Postel, Nils", "Mueller, Matthias C", "Muller, Markus", "Romer, Katja", "Schewe, Knud", "Hoffmann, Christian"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394344", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data on people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are still scarce. This case series of 33 PLWH patients with COVID-19 reveals symptoms and outcome in this special population. Retrospective analysis of anonymized data including age, gender, HIV-associated parameters, symptoms, and outcome. Three out of 32 patients with documented outcomes died (9%). 91% of the patients recovered and 76% have been classified as mild cases. All patients were on antiretroviral treatment, of them 22 on tenofovir-containing regimen and 4 on the protease inhibitor darunavir. This preliminary case series does not support excess morbidity and mortality among symptomatic COVID-19 PLWH and with viral suppression on ART. SARS-CoV-2 infections may occur during boosted darunavir-based and/or on tenofovir-containing ART."}, {"pmid": 32320825, "pmcid": "PMC7166307", "title": "Recent progress and challenges in drug development against COVID-19 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) - an update on the status.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Abd El-Aziz, Tarek Mohamed", "Stockand, James D"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320825", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are a large group of viruses known to cause illnesses that vary between the common cold and more severe diseases to include severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). A novel coronavirus was identified in December 2019 in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China. This virus represents a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans. The virus is now known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the resulting disease is called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a global pandemic in March 2020. Despite rigorous global containment and quarantine efforts, the incidence of COVID-19 continues to rise, with more than 1,948,617 laboratory-confirmed cases and over 121,846 deaths worldwide. Currently, no specific medication is recommended to treat COVID-19 patients. However, governments and pharmaceutical companies are struggling to quickly find an effective drug to defeat the coronavirus. In the current review, we summarize the existing state of knowledge about COVID-19, available medications, and treatment options. Favilavir is an antiviral drug that is approved in Japan for common influenza treatment and is now approved to treat symptoms of COVID-19 in China. Moreover, Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, drugs used to treat malaria and arthritis, respectively, were recommended by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China for treatment of COVID-19. Presently, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are under investigation by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a treatment for COVID-19. The first COVID-19 vaccine is not expected to be ready for clinical trials before the end of the year."}, {"pmid": 32480418, "title": "Harnessing HLA-E-restricted CD8 T lymphocytes for adoptive cell therapy of severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Caccamo, Nadia", "Sullivan, Lucy C", "Brooks, Andrew G", "Dieli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480418", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is spreading worldwide, and is a pandemic virus that has infected almost 5 million individuals and causing 300.000 deaths, as of mid-May 2020. Because SARS-CoV-2 is a new virus in humans there are currently no vaccines, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or even effective drugs available. Human convalescent plasma transfusion is an option for either prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of COVID-19 patients, but its administration to patients who are affected by severe pulmonary disease is associated with increased risk of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)."}, {"pmid": 32198776, "pmcid": "PMC7228368", "title": "Clinical features and treatment of COVID-19 patients in northeast Chongqing.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wan, Suxin", "Xiang, Yi", "Fang, Wei", "Zheng, Yu", "Li, Boqun", "Hu, Yanjun", "Lang, Chunhui", "Huang, Daoqiu", "Sun, Qiuyan", "Xiong, Yan", "Huang, Xia", "Lv, Jinglong", "Luo, Yaling", "Shen, Li", "Yang, Haoran", "Huang, Gu", "Yang, Ruishan"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198776", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the novel coronavirus in China (SARS-CoV-2) that began in December 2019 presents a significant and urgent threat to global health. This study was conducted to provide the international community with a deeper understanding of this new infectious disease. Epidemiological, clinical features, laboratory findings, radiological characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcomes of 135 patients in northeast Chongqing were collected and analyzed in this study. A total of 135 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. The median age was 47 years (interquartile range, 36-55), and there was no significant gender difference (53.3% men). The majority of patients had contact with people from the Wuhan area. Forty-three (31.9%) patients had underlying disease, primarily hypertension (13 [9.6%]), diabetes (12 [8.9%]), cardiovascular disease (7 [5.2%]), and malignancy (4 [3.0%]). Common symptoms included fever (120 [88.9%]), cough (102 [76.5%]), and fatigue (44 [32.5%]). Chest computed tomography scans showed bilateral patchy shadows or ground glass opacity in the lungs of all the patients. All patients received antiviral therapy (135 [100%]) (Kaletra and interferon were both used), antibacterial therapy (59 [43.7%]), and corticosteroids (36 [26.7%]). In addition, many patients received traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) (124 [91.8%]). It is suggested that patients should receive Kaletra early and should be treated by a combination of Western and Chinese medicines. Compared to the mild cases, the severe ones had lower lymphocyte counts and higher plasma levels of Pt, APTT, d-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, PCT, ALB, C-reactive protein, and aspartate aminotransferase. This study demonstrates the clinic features and therapies of 135 COVID-19 patients. Kaletra and TCM played an important role in the treatment of the viral pneumonia. Further studies are required to explore the role of Kaletra and TCM in the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32234719, "title": "Covid-19: Contact tracing requires ending the hostile environment.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dropkin, Greg"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234719", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220178, "title": "[Biological Product Development Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019].", "journal": "Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Yan, Cai-Xia", "Li, Jia", "Shen, Xin", "Luo, Li", "Li, Yan", "Li, Ming-Yuan"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220178", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus, also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), has become a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Due to the large infection population, broad transmissibility and high mortality, it is urgent to find out the efficient and specific methods to prevent and treat COVID-19. As biological products have broadly applied in the prevention and treatment of severe epidemic diseases, they are promising in blocking novel coronavirus infection. According to the research advances of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), we reviewed the potential application of biological products such as interferon, convalescent plasma, intestinal micro-ecological regulators, vaccines and therapeutic antibodies, etc. , on prevention and treatment of COVID-19. May this review be helpful for conquering COVID-19 in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32386834, "pmcid": "PMC7183948", "title": "A multipurpose portable negative air flow isolation chamber for aerosol-generating procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Cubillos, Javier", "Querney, Jill", "Rankin, Adam", "Moore, John", "Armstrong, Kevin"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386834", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416408, "pmcid": "PMC7211747", "title": "As a potential treatment of COVID-19: Montelukast.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Fidan, Cihan", "Aydogdu, Ayse"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416408", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been hypothesized that Montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene (cysLT) receptor antagonist, with effects of anti-inflammatory, suppress oxidative stress and reduce affect cytokine production, may limited progression of the disease on COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32423298, "title": "Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Otolaryngology Surgery in Italy: The Experience of Our University Hospital.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Ralli, Massimo", "Minni, Antonio", "Candelori, Francesca", "Cialente, Fabrizio", "Greco, Antonio", "de Vincentiis, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423298", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Otolaryngology and head and neck surgery underwent drastic changes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since March 10, the first day of the lockdown in Italy, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures were limited to emergency and oncology cases, while outpatient procedures and clinical examinations were temporarily suspended to limit virus diffusion and to reallocate personnel into wards dedicated to COVID-19. In our otolaryngology unit, between March 10 and April 28, 2020, we performed 96 surgical procedures; they mainly consisted in diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors of the head and neck (77%), management of acute upper airway obstruction in adults and children (14.7%), drainage of abscesses of the head and neck (6.2%), and treatment of nasal bone fractures (2.1%). When comparing these data with those of the same period in 2019 for emergency and oncology procedures, we noticed a drastic reduction of head and neck abscesses and nasal bone fractures, while oncology surgery remained stable."}, {"pmid": 32524445, "title": "Covid-19: automatic detection from X-ray images utilizing transfer learning with convolutional neural networks.", "journal": "Phys Eng Sci Med", "authors": ["Apostolopoulos, Ioannis D", "Mpesiana, Tzani A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524445", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, a dataset of X-ray images from patients with common bacterial pneumonia, confirmed Covid-19 disease, and normal incidents, was utilized for the automatic detection of the Coronavirus\u00a0disease. The aim of the study is to evaluate the performance of state-of-the-art convolutional neural network architectures proposed over\u00a0the recent years for medical image classification. Specifically, the procedure called Transfer Learning was adopted. With transfer learning, the detection of various abnormalities in small medical image datasets is an achievable target, often yielding remarkable results. The datasets utilized in this experiment are two. Firstly, a collection of 1427 X-ray images including 224 images with confirmed Covid-19 disease, 700 images with confirmed common bacterial pneumonia, and 504 images of normal conditions. Secondly, a dataset including 224 images with confirmed Covid-19 disease, 714 images with confirmed bacterial and viral pneumonia, and 504 images of normal conditions. The data was collected from the available X-ray images on public medical repositories. The results suggest that Deep Learning\u00a0with X-ray\u00a0imaging may extract significant biomarkers related to the Covid-19 disease, while the best accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity obtained is 96.78%, 98.66%, and 96.46% respectively. Since by now, all diagnostic tests show failure rates such as to raise concerns, the probability of incorporating X-rays into the diagnosis of the disease could be assessed by the medical community, based on the findings, while more research to evaluate the X-ray approach from different aspects may be conducted."}, {"pmid": 32338353, "title": "2020 - the year of the nurse and midwife: a call for action to scale up and strengthen the nursing and midwifery workforce in the Eastern Mediterranean Region.", "journal": "East Mediterr Health J", "authors": ["Al-Mandhari, Ahmed", "Gedik, F Gulin", "Mataria, Awad", "Oweis, Arwa", "Hajjeh, Rana"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338353", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared 2020 as the Year of the Nurse and the Midwife. World Health Day on 7 April is dedicated to supporting nurses and midwives and highlights the central role of these professions in advancing universal health coverage, achieving health-related sustainable development goals, and the Eastern Mediterranean Region Vision 2023: Health for All by All. This year, we sadly mark World Health Day in the face of the devastating COVID-19 pandemic, which has brought to attention more than ever the crucial and invaluable role of health workers, who are working tirelessly day and night to care for patients and save lives. In fighting COVID-19, not only might they become infected and put their own lives at risk, but they also face distress and burnout because of long working hours. In addition, many health workers have to be away from their homes for prolonged periods, for fear of putting their own families at risk of acquiring the infection. Even before the pandemic, the safety and security of health workers in the Eastern Mediterranean Region has been a significant concern, as more than half of the countries of the Region face acute and protracted crises, and 70- 80% of total recorded attacks on health facilities globally occur in the Eastern Mediterranean Region."}, {"pmid": 32386019, "title": "A family outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Luo, Weijun", "Xiong, Zeng", "Tang, Haixiong", "Zhou, Hui"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386019", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although continuous outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, it has been widely reported, there were few reports regarding family cases. We reported a group of family cluster outbreak cases confirmed in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China, and their clinical and image characteristics have been analyzed in order to provide reference for the prevention and early diagnosis of this disease. A total of 5 patients from one family, including 4 adults and 1 child, had a history of human contact in Wuhan, Hubei. Four adult patients showed different symptoms, including cough, fever, pharyngeal pain, and dyspnea, while the child patient had no symptoms. Laboratory examination showed no abnormality in all the patients except for slight increase in CRP in 2 patients and mild abnormal liver function index in 1 patient. The chest CT showed that all patients had abnormal images, with different degrees of manifestations.All patients were finally diagnosed by the nucleic acid test."}, {"pmid": 32467365, "title": "COVID-19 research in Africa.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Bekker, Linda-Gail", "Mizrahi, Valerie"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467365", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286082, "title": "Impact, Strategies, and Opportunities for Early and Midcareer Cardiovascular Researchers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Climie, Rachel E", "Marques, Francine Z"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286082", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392017, "pmcid": "PMC7217126", "title": "Adult ICU Triage During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Who Will Live and Who Will Die? Recommendations to Improve Survival.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Sprung, Charles L", "Joynt, Gavin M", "Christian, Michael D", "Truog, Robert D", "Rello, Jordi", "Nates, Joseph L"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392017", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 patients are currently overwhelming the world's healthcare systems. This article provides practical guidance to front-line physicians forced to make critical rationing decisions. PubMed and Medline search for scientific literature, reviews, and guidance documents related to epidemic ICU triage including from professional bodies. Clinical studies, reviews, and guidelines were selected and reviewed by all authors and discussed by internet conference and email. References and data were based on relevance and author consensus. We review key challenges of resource-driven triage and data from affected ICUs. We recommend that once available resources are maximally extended, triage is justified utilizing a strategy that provides the greatest good for the greatest number of patients. A triage algorithm based on clinical estimations of the incremental survival benefit (saving the most life-years) provided by ICU care is proposed. \"First come, first served\" is used to choose between individuals with equal priorities and benefits. The algorithm provides practical guidance, is easy to follow, rapidly implementable and flexible. It has four prioritization categories: performance score, ASA score, number of organ failures, and predicted survival. Individual units can readily adapt the algorithm to meet local requirements for the evolving pandemic. Although the algorithm improves consistency and provides practical and psychologic support to those performing triage, the final decision remains a clinical one. Depending on country and operational circumstances, triage decisions may be made by a triage team or individual doctors. However, an experienced critical care specialist physician should be ultimately responsible for the triage decision. Cautious discharge criteria are proposed acknowledging the difficulties to facilitate the admission of queuing patients. Individual institutions may use this guidance to develop prospective protocols that assist the implementation of triage decisions to ensure fairness, enhance consistency, and decrease provider moral distress."}, {"pmid": 32037389, "title": "Clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for four cases with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia receiving combined Chinese and Western medicine treatment.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Wang, Zhenwei", "Chen, Xiaorong", "Lu, Yunfei", "Chen, Feifei", "Zhang, Wei"], "date": "2020-02-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32037389", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pneumonia associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is continuously and rapidly circulating at present. No effective antiviral treatment has been verified thus far. We report here the clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for four patients with mild or severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia admitted to Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center. All the patients were given antiviral treatment including lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra\u00ae), arbidol, and Shufeng Jiedu Capsule (SFJDC, a traditional Chinese medicine) and other necessary support care. After treatment, three patients gained significant improvement in pneumonia associated symptoms, two of whom were confirmed 2019-nCoV negative and discharged, and one of whom was virus negative at the first test. The remaining patient with severe pneumonia had shown signs of improvement by the cutoff date for data collection. Results obtained in the current study may provide clues for treatment of 2019-nCoV pneumonia. The efficacy of antiviral treatment including lopinavir/ritonavir, arbidol, and SFJDC warrants further verification in future study."}, {"pmid": 32433283, "pmcid": "PMC7268854", "title": "Taking a Second Look at Neoadjuvant Endocrine Therapy for the Treatment of Early Stage Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Thompson, Carlie K", "Lee, Minna K", "Baker, Jennifer L", "Attai, Deanna J", "DiNome, Maggie L"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433283", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291399, "pmcid": "PMC7156231", "title": "Pathological study of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) through postmortem core biopsies.", "journal": "Mod Pathol", "authors": ["Tian, Sufang", "Xiong, Yong", "Liu, Huan", "Niu, Li", "Guo, Jianchun", "Liao, Meiyan", "Xiao, Shu-Yuan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291399", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data on pathologic changes of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are scarce. To gain knowledge about the pathology that may contribute to disease progression and fatality, we performed postmortem needle core biopsies of lung, liver, and heart in four patients who died of COVID-19 pneumonia. The patients' ages ranged from 59 to 81, including three males and one female. Each patient had at least one underlying disease, including immunocompromised status (chronic lymphocytic leukemia and renal transplantation) or other conditions (cirrhosis, hypertension, and diabetes). Time from disease onset to death ranged from 15 to 52 days. All patients had elevated white blood cell counts, with significant rise toward the end, and all had lymphocytopenia except for the patient with leukemia. Histologically, the main findings are in the lungs, including injury to the alveolar epithelial cells, hyaline membrane formation, and hyperplasia of type II pneumocytes, all components of diffuse alveolar damage. Consolidation by fibroblastic proliferation with extracellular matrix and fibrin forming clusters in airspaces is evident. In one patient, the consolidation consists of abundant intra-alveolar neutrophilic infiltration, consistent with superimposed bacterial bronchopneumonia. The liver exhibits mild lobular infiltration by small lymphocytes, and centrilobular sinusoidal dilation. Patchy necrosis is also seen. The heart shows only focal mild fibrosis and mild myocardial hypertrophy, changes likely related to the underlying conditions. In conclusion, the postmortem examinations show advanced diffuse alveolar damage, as well as superimposed bacterial pneumonia in some patients. Changes in the liver and heart are likely secondary or related to the underlying diseases."}, {"pmid": 32276453, "pmcid": "PMC7226793", "title": "Exploring the Relevance of Senotherapeutics for the Current SARS-CoV-2 Emergency and Similar Future Global Health Threats.", "journal": "Cells", "authors": ["Malavolta, Marco", "Giacconi, Robertina", "Brunetti, Dario", "Provinciali, Mauro", "Maggi, Fabrizio"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276453", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The higher death rate caused by COVID-19 in older people, especially those with comorbidities, is a challenge for biomedical aging research. Here we explore the idea that an exacerbated inflammatory response, in particular that mediated by IL-6, may drive the deleterious consequences of the infection. Data shows that other RNA viruses, such as influenza virus, can display enhanced replication efficiency in senescent cells, suggesting that the accumulation of senescent cells with aging and age-related diseases may play a role in this phenomenon. However, at present, we are completely unaware of the response to SARS-CoV and SARS-COV-2 occurring in senescent cells. We deem that this is a priority area of research because it could lead to the development of several therapeutic strategies based on senotherapeutics or prevent unsuccessful attempts. Two of these senotherapeutics, azithromycin and ruxolitinib, are currently undergoing testing for their efficacy in treating COVID-19. The potential of these strategies is not only for ameliorating the consequences of the current emergence of SARS-CoV-2, but also for the future emergence of new viruses or mutated ones for which we are completely unprepared and for which no vaccines are available."}, {"pmid": 32301302, "pmcid": "PMC7167407", "title": "COVID-19 Screening Center: How to Balance between the Speed and Safety?", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Lee, Jacob"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301302", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318330, "pmcid": "PMC7169905", "title": "Rewriting the rules for care of MDS and AML patients in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Leuk Res Rep", "authors": ["Raza, Azra", "Assal, Amer", "Ali, Abdullah M", "Jurcic, Joseph G"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318330", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The care of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been radically altered by COVID-19, especially in New York City, the epicenter of the pandemic. Here we summarize how telemedicine, virtual visits, delayed transfusions, and chemotherapy, preferably selecting self-administered medications and visits by home healthcare workers, are employed to minimize exposure of our high-risk population of patients to the virus. The unique challenges of transplants during the pandemic and the consequences of an abrupt halt in all non-essential research activities are described. Not all the changes forced by COVID-19 are detrimental."}, {"pmid": 32518437, "pmcid": "PMC7272331", "title": "The coronavirus pandemic - A critical discussion of a tourism research agenda.", "journal": "Tour Manag", "authors": ["Zenker, Sebastian", "Kock, Florian"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518437", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Unquestionable, the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic is one of the most impactful events of the 21st century and has tremendous effects on tourism. While many tourism researchers worldwide are currently 'Covid-19 research gap spotting', we call for more deliberateness and rigor. While we agree that the coronavirus pandemic is unique and relevant to research, we argue that not all effects are worth researching or novel to us. Previous research on crises and disasters do show similar patterns and existing theories can often very well explain the current phenomena. Thus, six illustrative examples are shown how a research agenda could look like. This includes parts where theoretical explanations from tourism are missing, as well as where we think existing knowledge might be subject to a tourism paradigm-shift due to the coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32463239, "pmcid": "PMC7274147", "title": "Is the Rigidity of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Motif the Hallmark for Its Enhanced Infectivity? Insights from All-Atom Simulations.", "journal": "J Phys Chem Lett", "authors": ["Spinello, Angelo", "Saltalamacchia, Andrea", "Magistrato, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463239", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is setting the global health crisis of our time, causing a devastating societal and economic burden. An idiosyncratic trait of coronaviruses is the presence of spike glycoproteins on the viral envelope, which mediate the virus binding to specific host receptor, enabling its entry into the human cells. In spite of the high sequence identity of SARS-CoV-2 with its closely related SARS-CoV emerged in 2002, the atomic-level determinants underlining the molecular recognition of SARS-CoV-2 to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and, thus, the rapid virus spread into human body, remain unresolved. Here, multi-microsecond-long molecular dynamics simulations enabled us to unprecedentedly dissect the key molecular traits liable of the higher affinity/specificity of SARS-CoV-2 toward ACE2 as compared to SARS-CoV. This supplies a minute per-residue contact map underlining its stunningly high infectivity. Harnessing this knowledge is pivotal for urgently developing effective medical countermeasures to face the ongoing global health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32368838, "pmcid": "PMC7267297", "title": "Preliminary data on outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Spanish single center cohort of kidney recipients.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Montagud-Marrahi, Enrique", "Cofan, Frederic", "Torregrosa, Josep-Vicens", "Cucchiari, David", "Ventura-Aguiar, Pedro", "Revuelta, Ignacio", "Bodro, Marta", "Pineiro, Gaston J", "Esforzado, Nuria", "Ugalde, Jessica", "Guillen, Elena", "Rodriguez-Espinosa, Diana", "Campistol, Josep M", "Oppenheimer, Federico", "Moreno, Asuncion", "Diekmann, Fritz"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368838", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365278, "pmcid": "PMC7267634", "title": "Management of COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients: The Genoa experience.", "journal": "Hemodial Int", "authors": ["Esposito, Pasquale", "Russo, Rodolfo", "Conti, Novella", "Falqui, Valeria", "Massarino, Fabio", "Moriero, Enzo", "Peloso, Giancarlo", "Traverso, Giovanni Battista", "Garibotto, Giacomo", "Viazzi, Francesca"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365278", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522207, "title": "COVID-19: viral-host interactome analyzed by network based-approach model to study pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Messina, Francesco", "Giombini, Emanuela", "Agrati, Chiara", "Vairo, Francesco", "Ascoli Bartoli, Tommaso", "Al Moghazi, Samir", "Piacentini, Mauro", "Locatelli, Franco", "Kobinger, Gary", "Maeurer, Markus", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Capobianchi, Maria R", "Lauria, Francesco Nicola", "Ippolito, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522207", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Epidemiological, virological and pathogenetic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection are under evaluation. A better understanding of the pathophysiology associated with COVID-19 is crucial to improve treatment modalities and to develop effective prevention strategies. Transcriptomic and proteomic data on the host response against SARS-CoV-2 still have anecdotic character; currently available data from other coronavirus infections are therefore a key source of information. We investigated selected molecular aspects of three human coronavirus (HCoV) infections, namely SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and HCoV-229E, through a network based-approach. A functional analysis of HCoV-host interactome was carried out in order to provide a theoretic host-pathogen interaction model for HCoV infections and in order to translate the results in prediction for SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. The 3D model of S-glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 was compared to the structure of the corresponding SARS-CoV, HCoV-229E and MERS-CoV S-glycoprotein. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, HCoV-229E and the host interactome were inferred through published protein-protein interactions (PPI) as well as gene co-expression, triggered by HCoV S-glycoprotein in host cells. Although the amino acid sequences of the S-glycoprotein were found to be different between the various HCoV, the structures showed high similarity, but the best 3D structural overlap shared by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, consistent with the shared ACE2 predicted receptor. The host interactome, linked to the S-glycoprotein of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, mainly highlighted innate immunity pathway components, such as Toll Like receptors, cytokines and chemokines. In this paper, we developed a network-based model with the aim to define molecular aspects of pathogenic phenotypes in HCoV infections. The resulting pattern may facilitate the process of structure-guided pharmaceutical and diagnostic research with the prospect to identify potential new biological targets."}, {"pmid": 32392334, "pmcid": "PMC7239254", "title": "COVID-19 Clinical Trial Oversight at a Major Academic Medical Center: Approach of the Michigan Medicine COVID-19 Clinical Trial Committees.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Spector-Bagdady, Kayte", "Higgins, Peter D R", "Lok, Anna S"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392334", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinicians - eager to offer the best care in the absence of guiding data - have provided patients with COVID-19 diverse clinical interventions. This usage has led to perceptions of efficacy of some interventions that, while receiving media coverage, lack robust evidence. Moving forward, randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) are necessary to ensure that clinicians can treat patients effectively during this outbreak and the next. To do so, academic medical centers must address two key research issues: (1) how to effectively and efficiently determine which trials have the best chance of benefiting current and future patients, and (2) how to establish a transparent and ethical process for subject recruitment while maintaining research integrity and without overburdening patients or staff. We share here the current methods used by the University of Michigan to address these issues."}, {"pmid": 32347661, "pmcid": "PMC7267405", "title": "Redefining Pathways into Acute Rehabilitation during the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "PM R", "authors": ["Gitkind, Andrew I", "Levin, Sheryl", "Dohle, Carolin", "Herbold, Janet", "Thomas, Mark", "Oh-Park, Mooyeon", "Bartels, Matthew N"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347661", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has necessitated drastic changes across the spectrum of health care, all of which have occurred with unprecedented rapidity. The need to accommodate change on such a large scale has required ingenuity and decisive thinking. The field of physical medicine and rehabilitation has been faced with many of these challenges. Healthcare practitioners in New York City, the epicenter of the pandemic in the United States, were among the first to encounter many of these challenges. One of the largest lessons included learning how to streamline admissions and transfer process into an acute rehabilitation hospital as part of a concerted effort to make acute care hospital beds available as quickly as possible."}, {"pmid": 32229540, "title": "Covid-19: Trump extends physical distancing to 30 April, as cases climb in New York.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229540", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331964, "pmcid": "PMC7167566", "title": "CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Haen, Pierre", "Caruhel, Jean-Baptiste", "Laversanne, Sophie", "Cordier, Pierre-Yves"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331964", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284797, "pmcid": "PMC7136682", "title": "We have to write and share valid and reliable information on COVID-19.", "journal": "Malays Fam Physician", "authors": ["Liew, Su May", "Khoo, Ee Ming", "Cheah, Wee Kooi", "Goh, Pik Pin", "Ibrahim, Hishamshah M"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284797", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330077, "title": "Reply to \"Vascular Changes Detected With Thoracic CT in Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Might Be Significant Determinants for Accurate Diagnosis and Optimal Patient Management\".", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Salehi, Sana", "Abedi, Aidin", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330077", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478936, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and Guillain-Barre syndrome: AIDP variant with favorable outcome.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Lascano, Agustina M", "Epiney, Jean-Benoit", "Coen, Matteo", "Serratrice, Jacques", "Bernard-Valnet, Raphael", "Lalive, Patrice H", "Kuntzer, Thierry", "Hubers, Annemarie"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478936", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The entire world has been experiencing the outbreak of a novel infectious agent known as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)1 . Life-threatening complications described in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients include acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney failure and cardiac injury2 . Nonetheless, only few neurological complications have been described so far3 ."}, {"pmid": 32388138, "pmcid": "PMC7175891", "title": "Hypothesized behavioral host manipulation by SARS-CoV2/COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Barton, Michael C", "Bennett, Kaylee V", "Cook, John R", "Gallup, Gordon G Jr", "Platek, Steven M"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388138", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although not widely studied, behavioral host manipulation by various pathogens has been documented. Host manipulation is the process by which a pathogen evolves adaptations to manipulate the behavior of the host to maximize reproduction (Ro) of the pathogen. The most notable example is rabies. When a host is infected with the rabies virus it gets into the host's central nervous system and triggers hyper aggression. The virus is also present in the rabid animal's saliva so being bitten transmits the infection to a new host and the old host is left to eventually die if untreated. Toxoplasmosis is another example. When mice are infected they demonstrate a fearlessness toward cats, thus increasing their chances of being eaten. Toxoplasmosis needs the digestive tract of the feline to survive. Recent studies have shown that exposure to toxoplasmosis in humans (e.g., through cat feces) has also been associated with behavioral changes that are predicted to enhance the spread of the pathogen. Even the common influenza virus has been shown to selectively increase in-person sociality during the 48-hour incubation period, thus producing an obvious vector for transmission. Here we hypothesize that the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2, which produces the COVID-19 disease may produce similar host manipulations that maximize its transmission between humans."}, {"pmid": 32217618, "title": "Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Jordan, Rachel E", "Adab, Peymane", "Cheng, K K"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217618", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295319, "title": "Innovative screening tests for COVID-19 in South Korea.", "journal": "Clin Exp Emerg Med", "authors": ["Choi, Sangchun", "Han, Chul", "Lee, Jisook", "Kim, Sang-Il", "Kim, In Byung"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295319", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the number of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases has increased remarkably in South Korea, so the triage clinics and emergency departments (ED) are expected to be overcrowded with patients with presumed infection. As of March 21st, there was a total of 8,799 confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 102 related deaths in South Korea that was one of the top countries with high incidence rates [1]. This sharp increase in infection is associated with 1) outbreaks in individual provinces, 2) deployment of rapid and aggressive screening tests, 3) dedicated healthcare staffs for virus screening tests, 4) quarantine inspection data transparency and accurate data reporting, and 5) public health lessons from previous Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreaks. This commentary introduces innovative screening tests that are currently used in South Korea for COVID-19, e.g., Drive-Through and Walk-Through tests, and compare the advantages and disadvantages of both methods."}, {"pmid": 32419721, "pmcid": "PMC7224642", "title": "Evidenced-based best practice advice for patients treated with systemic immunosuppressants in relation to COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Dermatol", "authors": ["Galimberti, Fabrizio", "McBride, Jeffrey", "Cronin, Megan", "Li, Yumeng", "Fox, Joshua", "Abrouk, Michael", "Herbst, Alexander", "Kirsner, Robert S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419721", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic led to significant uncertainty among physicians and patients about the safety of immunosuppressive medications used for the management of dermatologic conditions. We review available data on commonly used immunosuppressants and their effect on viral infections beyond COVID-19. Notably, the effect of some immunosuppressants on viruses related to SARS-CoV2, including SARS and MERS, has been previously investigated. In the absence of data on the effect of immunosuppressants on COVID-19, these data could be used to make clinical decisions on initiation and continuation of immunosuppressive medications during this pandemic. In summary, we recommend considering the discontinuation of oral JAK inhibitors and prednisone, considering the delay of rituximab infusion, and the careful continuation of cyclosporine, mycophenolate, azathioprine, methotrexate, and biologics in patients currently benefitting from such treatments."}, {"pmid": 32504741, "title": "Does type of immunosupression influence the course of Covid-19 infection?", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Razanamahery, J", "Soumagne, T", "Humbert, S", "Brunel, A S", "Lepiller, Q", "Daguindau, E", "Mansi, L", "Chirouze, C", "Bouiller, K"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504741", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) is a new emerging virus responsible for pandemic and death. High blood pressure, diabetes, obesity have been described as poor prognosis factors. Few data have been reported in patient with immunocompromised status (solid tumor, hematological malignancy, rheumatoid conditions or organ transplant). We evaluated the characteristics of patients, including the outcome, with immunodepression hospitalized in Besancon University hospital (East of France). We wanted to identify if a type of immunosupression influences the course of Covid-19. In a cohort of 80 patients with immunosupression (42 solid tumors, 20 hematological malignancy and 18 non neoplastic immunosupression), poor outcomes (Intensive care unit hospitalization and or deaths) was frequent (38%) and tended to be more frequent in patients with hematological malignancy."}, {"pmid": 32433386, "title": "Firearm Industry Groups Are Using COVID-19 to Expand Gun Rights.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["Pomeranz, Jennifer L"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433386", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478942, "title": "Covid-19 infection in psoriasis patients treated with cyclosporin.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Di Lernia, V", "Goldust, M", "Feliciani, C"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478942", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363905, "title": "Temporary Emergency Guidance to STEMI Systems of Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: AHA's Mission: Lifeline.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["The American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines-Coronary Artery Disease Advisory Work Group And Mission Lifeline Program", "The American Heart Association's Council On Clinical Cardiology", "The American Heart Association's Council On Clinical Cardiology's Committee On Acute Cardiac Care And General Cardiology Committee", "The American Heart Association's Council On Clinical Cardiology's Committee Interventional Cardiovascular Care Committee"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363905", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464624, "title": "Cytokine Blood Filtration Responses in COVID-19.", "journal": "Blood Purif", "authors": ["Al Shareef, Khaled", "Bakouri, Mohsen"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464624", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The real issue with the COVID-19 pandemic is that a rapidly increasing number of patients with life-threatening complications are admitted in hospitals and are not well-administered. Although a limited number of patients use the intensive care unit (ICU), they consume medical resources, safety equipment, and enormous equipment with little possibility of rapid recovery and ICU discharge. This work reviews effective methods of using filtration devices in treatment to reduce the level of various inflammatory mediators and discharge patients from the ICU faster. Extracorporeal technologies have been reviewed as a medical approach to absorb cytokines. Although these devices do not kill or remove the virus, they are a promising solution for treating patients and their faster removal from the ICU, thus relieving the bottleneck."}, {"pmid": 32485198, "pmcid": "PMC7260482", "title": "Risk Perception of COVID-19 Among the Portuguese Healthcare Professionals and General Population.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Peres, David", "Monteiro, Jorge", "Almeida, Miguel", "Ladeira, Raquel"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485198", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Risk perception assessment of COVID-19 among Portuguese Healthcare Professionals (HCP) and General Population (GPop) was evaluated in a snowball 3 403 individual's sample. 54.9% of HCP believed there is a high probability of becoming infected, in contrast with 24.0% of GPop (p <0.001) and, in more than 1/4, that this could happen to their family. Regarding prophylactic isolation, more than 70% agreed with its effectiveness. A large proportion perceived that health services are poorly prepared (50.1% GPop versus 63.5% HCP, p<0.001). Regarding Health Authorities' communication, about 60% were \"moderately\" satisfied. 46.7% GPop and 52.8% HCP had the opinion the pandemic could be controlled in three to six months (p=0.01)."}, {"pmid": 32373652, "pmcid": "PMC7197306", "title": "Management of Advanced Therapies in Parkinson's Disease Patients in Times of Humanitarian Crisis: The COVID-19 Experience.", "journal": "Mov Disord Clin Pract", "authors": ["Fasano, Alfonso", "Antonini, Angelo", "Katzenschlager, Regina", "Krack, Paul", "Odin, Per", "Evans, Andrew H", "Foltynie, Thomas", "Volkmann, Jens", "Merello, Marcelo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373652", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting a relatively small proportion of the global population, its effects have already reached everyone. The pandemic has the potential to differentially disadvantage chronically ill patients, including those with Parkinson's disease (PD). The first health care reaction has been to limit access to clinics and neurology wards to preserve fragile patients with PD from being infected. In some regions, the shortage of medical staff has also forced movement disorders neurologists to provide care for patients with COVID-19. To share the experience of various movement disorder neurologists operating in different world regions and provide a common approach to patients with PD, with a focus on those already on advanced therapies, which may serve as guidance in the current pandemic and for emergency situations that we may face in the future. Most of us were unprepared to deal with this condition given that in many health care systems, telemedicine has been only marginally available or only limited to email or telephone contacts. In addition, to ensure sufficient access to intensive care unit beds, most elective procedures (including deep brain stimulation or the initiation of infusion therapies) have been postponed. We all hope there will soon be a time when we will return to more regular hospital schedules. However, we should consider this crisis as an opportunity to change our approach and encourage our hospitals and health care systems to facilitate the remote management of chronic neurological patients, including those with advanced PD."}, {"pmid": 32523135, "title": "Care of acute coronary syndromes during the health contingency due to a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Pina-Reyna, Yigal", "Garcia-Rincon, Andres", "Ortiz-Fernandez P, Patricio H", "Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A", "Gutierrez-Fajardo, Pedro", "Merino-Rajme, Jose A", "Reyes-Teran, Gustavo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523135", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The communications accumulated in the last weeks make it clear that there is no agreement to define the best treatment strategy in patients with acute coronary syndrome (SICA). In patients presenting with an acute myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation (IAMCESST), it has been suggested to favor fibrinolysis (FL) over primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), reserving ICP for cases of failed FL1,2; however, some societies have maintained the indication of the ICPp as the repercussion method of choice3. In SICAs without ST segment elevation (SICASESST) the recommendations are very similar, favoring medical treatment over percutaneous coronary intervention in this subgroup of patients1. Several companies consider the contagion status, particularly in the SICASESST, to decide which repercussion follow3. Anticipating that the epidemiological curve in Mexico will be similar to that observed in most countries, we recommend continuing the care of patients with SICA, the catheterization rooms must maintain their operation."}, {"pmid": 32497748, "pmcid": "PMC7262534", "title": "Accidental vertebral artery injury in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Baccellieri, Domenico", "Bilman, Victor", "Ardita, Vincenzo", "Loschi, Diletta", "Melissano, Germano", "Chiesa, Roberto"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497748", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32051074, "title": "[Management plan for prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia among children in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Peng, Jing", "Wang, Xia", "Yang, Ming-Hua", "Wang, Ming-Jie", "Zheng, Xiang-Rong"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32051074", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, an epidemic of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has occurred in China. How to effectively prevent and control NCP among children with limited resources is an urgent issue to be explored. Under the unified arrangement of the Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, the Department of Pediatrics has formulated an action plan with Xiangya unique model to prevent and control NCP among children according to the current epidemic situation and diagnostic and therapeutic program in China."}, {"pmid": 32433452, "title": "Is Universal Testing for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Needed on All Labor and Delivery Units?", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Metz, Torri D"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433452", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521707, "title": "Non-Overt Coagulopathy in Non-ICU Patients with Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Mazzaccaro, Daniela", "Giacomazzi, Francesca", "Giannetta, Matteo", "Varriale, Alberto", "Scaramuzzo, Rosa", "Modafferi, Alfredo", "Malacrida, Giovanni", "Righini, Paolo", "Marrocco-Trischitta, Massimiliano M", "Nano, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521707", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aim of the study is to assess the occurrence of early stage coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in patients with mild to moderate respiratory distress secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Data of patients hospitalized from 18 March 2020 to 20 April 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Two scores for the screening of coagulopathy (SIC and non-overt DIC scores) were calculated. The occurrence of thrombotic complication, death, and worsening respiratory function requiring non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or admission to ICU were recorded, and these outcomes were correlated with the results of each score. Chi-square test, receiver-operating characteristic curve, and logistic regression analysis were used as appropriate. p Values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Data of 32 patients were analyzed. Overt-DIC was diagnosed in two patients (6.2%), while 26 (81.2%) met the criteria for non-overt DIC. Non-overt DIC score values \u22654 significantly correlated with the need of NIV/ICU (p = 0.02) and with the occurrence of thrombotic complications (p = 0.04). A score \u22654 was the optimal cut-off value, performing better than SIC score (p = 0.0018). Values \u22654 in patients with thrombotic complications were predictive of death (p = 0.03). Overt DIC occurred in 6.2% of non-ICU patients hospitalized for a mild to moderate COVID-19 respiratory distress, while 81.2% fulfilled the criteria for non-overt DIC. The non-overt DIC score performed better than the SIC score in predicting the need of NIV/ICU and the occurrence of thrombotic complications, as well as in predicting mortality in patients with thrombotic complications, with a score \u22654 being detected as the optimal cut-off."}, {"pmid": 32144127, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19): a guide for UK GPs.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Razai, Mohammad S", "Doerholt, Katja", "Ladhani, Shamez", "Oakeshott, Pippa"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32144127", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222122, "title": "[Follow-up testing of viral nucleic acid in discharged patients with moderate type of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Li, Youjiang", "Hu, Yingying", "Zhang, Xiaodong", "Yu, Yuanyuan", "Li, Bin", "Wu, Jianguo", "Wu, Yingping", "Xia, Xiaoping", "Xu, Jian"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222122", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the clinical outcome of patients with moderate type of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after discharge by retesting viral nucleic acid. Seven patients with moderate COVID-19 met the discharge criteria enacted by National Health Commission were quarantine in hospital for 7 days, then continuously quarantined at home for 4 weeks after discharged. During the three weeks of quarantined period, the symptoms and signs were documented; and sputum or nasal swab and feces samples were collected to test SARS-COV-2 nucleic acid by RT-PCR method. There were no symptoms and signs during the quarantine period in all 7 patients. However, respiratory swabs from 3 patients were confirmed positive of SARS-COV-2 nucleic acid at 5 to 7 days after they met the discharge criteria. The study indicates that there is a relatively high incidence of positive viral nucleic acid in patients met the discharge criteria, and it is suggested that patients met the current discharge criteria should be quarantined in hospital for another 7 days and the follow-up viral testing is necessary."}, {"pmid": 32249944, "title": "About the origin of the first two Sars-CoV-2 infections in Italy: inference not supported by appropriate sequence analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Carletti, Fabrizio", "Lalle, Eleonora", "Messina, Francesco", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Capobianchi, Maria R"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249944", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the 5th February 2020 issue of Journal of Medical Virology a paper was published by Giovannetti et al., entitled \"The first two cases of 2019-nCoV in Italy: where they come from?\"1 . In this paper a phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis was applied to the virus identified in the first two subjects diagnosed in Italy with 2019-nCoV infection, recently renamed SARS-CoV-22 , two Chinese spouses arrived in Italy for tourism. The diagnosis was performed by the virology team under direction of Maria R. Capobianchi, at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (INMI) in Rome, Italy, where the patients are currently hospitalized. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32396134, "title": "Endocrinology in the time of COVID-19: Management of calcium disorders and osteoporosis.", "journal": "Eur J Endocrinol", "authors": ["Gittoes, Neil J", "Criseno, Sherwin", "Appelman-Dijkstra, Natasha M", "Bollerslev, Jens", "Canalis, Ernesto", "Rejnmark, Lars", "Hassan-Smith, Zaki"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396134", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Endocrinologists have had to make rapid changes to services so that resources can be focused on the COVID-19 response to help prevent spread of the virus. Herein we provide pragmatic advice on the management of commonly encountered calcium problems and osteoporosis. Non-urgent elective appointments should be postponed, and remote consultations and digital health solutions promoted. Patients should be empowered to self-manage their conditions safely. Patients, their caregivers and healthcare providers should be directed to online resources e.g. Society for Endocrinology, Royal Osteoporosis Society, International Osteoporosis Foundation, specific patient groups and the European Reference Networks (ERNs) for Rare Endocrine and Rare Bone disorders. For patients in acute hospital settings, existing emergency guidance on the management of hyper- and hypo-calcaemia should be followed. A pragmatic, symptom-based approach should be implemented in patients at the end of life. An approach to osteoporosis management is outlined. IV zoledronic acid infusions can be delayed for 6-9 months during the pandemic. Patients established on denosumab and teriparatide should continue planned therapy. The challenge of this pandemic will act as a catalyst to innovate within our management of metabolic bone and mineral disorders to ensure best use of resources and resilience of healthcare systems in its aftermath."}, {"pmid": 32243776, "pmcid": "PMC7270343", "title": "Impacts of COVID-19 on vulnerable children in temporary accommodation in the UK.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Rosenthal, Diana Margot", "Ucci, Marcella", "Heys, Michelle", "Hayward, Andrew", "Lakhanpaul, Monica"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243776", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438938, "pmcid": "PMC7261962", "title": "50 States or 50 Countries: What Did We Miss and What Do We Do Now?", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Burkle, Frederick M", "Devereaux, Asha V"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438938", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There have been multiple inconsistencies in the manner the COVID-19 pandemic has been investigated and managed by countries. Population-based management (PBM) has been inconsistent, yet serves as a necessary first step in managing public health crises. Unfortunately, these have dominated the landscape within the United States and continue as of this writing. Political and economic influences have greatly influenced major public health management and control decisions. Responsibility for global public health crises and modeling for management are the responsibility of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Health Regulations Treaty (IHR). This review calls upon both to reassess their roles and responsibilities that must be markedly improved and better replicated world-wide in order to optimize the global public health protections and its PBM.\"Ask a big enough question, and you need more than one discipline to answer it.\"Liz Lerman, MacArthur \"Genius\" Fellow, Choreographer, Modern Dance legend, and 2011 Artist-in Residence, Harvard Music Department."}, {"pmid": 32524537, "title": "A complication of coronavirus disease 2019: delirium.", "journal": "Acta Neurol Belg", "authors": ["Cipriani, Gabriele", "Danti, Sabrina", "Nuti, Angelo", "Carlesi, Cecilia", "Lucetti, Claudio", "Di Fiorino, Mario"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524537", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is predominantly a respiratory disease. However, some cases exhibit other features including Central Nervous System symptoms. In the older adult, COVID-19 may present with atypical symptoms, including delirium and its complications. The objective of this study is to describe the relationship between the new type of coronavirus infection and delirium. Systematic research (Cochrane Library and PubMed) was carried out (only upper time limit: April 2020). Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed and manually screened to identify relevant studies. Search terms used included \"COVID-19, Delirium, Dementia, Intensive Care Unit\". We manually added articles identified through other sources (i.e., key journals). Older people are at the greatest risk from COVID-19. If infected, they may present delirium. Moreover, it is not exclusive to older people. Delirium is not inevitable; rather, it is preventable. Delirium prevention programs are even more crucial in the era of COVID-19 and cannot be allowed to wither despite the challenges of integrating delirium prevention with COVID-19 care. An acute change in condition, behaviour, or mental status should prompt a delirium screen. As regards the treatment, it is advisable to use non-pharmacological interventions first where possible. Medication may be needed for patients with agitation where there is intractable distress or high risk to self/others."}, {"pmid": 32519921, "title": "COVID-19 in a severe eosinophilic asthmatic receiving benralizumab - a case study.", "journal": "J Asthma", "authors": ["Renner, Andreas", "Marth, Katharina", "Patocka, Karin", "Pohl, Wolfgang"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519921", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction: Only little is known about COVID-19 in patients with asthma. There is no data on COVID-19 in patients with severe asthma or patients with asthma who are treated with monoclonal antibodies. Case Study: Here, we present the case of a severe eosinophilic asthmatic in whom benralizumab treatment, an anti-IL-5R monoclonal antibody, was initiated 2 years ago. Prior to benralizumab treatment, every viral infection had resulted in a prolonged course of oral corticosteroids (OCS). Since initiation of benralizumab, the patient has had good asthma control. Mid-March 2020, the patient developed high fever. Results: A SARS-CoV-2-PCR (nasopharyngeal swab) was positive. The patient's symptoms subsided after few days. No OCS was needed. The asthma control questionnaire 6-item scale worsened moderately in the week of the infection and returned to normal levels thereafter. The asthma control test, measuring longer term asthma control, showed no decline. Conclusion: The course of COVID-19 was very mild in this particular patient with severe eosinophilic asthma. So far, there is no evidence that would suggest a more severe course of COVID-19 in patients with asthma. It is worth noting, that prior to the initiation of benralizumab this patient had multiple exacerbations per year triggered by viral infections (4/year), which all required OCS. Whilst only anecdotal, this case study provides the first evidence to support the current recommendation of continuing monoclonal antibodies in patients with severe asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32450726, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: A \"Tech\"-tonic Shift Toward Virtual Diabetes Care.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Ahn, David T"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450726", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507577, "title": "COVID-19 and Cerebral Hemorrhage: Proposed Mechanisms.", "journal": "J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Md Noh, Mohamad Syafeeq Faeez"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507577", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401550, "title": "Involvement of the open-source community in combating the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic: a review.", "journal": "J Med Eng Technol", "authors": ["Frazer, John Scott", "Shard, Amelia", "Herdman, James"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401550", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented in the modern age both due to its scale and its disruption to daily life throughout the world. Widespread social isolation and restrictions in the age of modern communicative technology, coupled with some early successes for makers, have united the open-source community towards a common goal in a way not previously seen. Local hospitals and care facilities are turning to makers to print essential consumable parts, such as simple visors, while in the hardest hit areas, critical pieces of medical technology are being fabricated. While important and effective innovations are appearing almost daily, there are also some worrying trends towards hobbyists attempting manufacture of complex medical devices with little understanding of the clinical or scientific rationale behind their design. The nature of the open-source community, an area of intensive innovation, fluidity, and experimentation, jars with the exacting standards of medical device regulation. Here, we review the involvement of rapid prototyping and the open-source community in the key areas of personal protective equipment (PPE), diagnostics, critical care technology, and information acquisition and sharing, highlighting where makers and hackers have clashed with medical device regulations, and areas where the system has worked well to facilitate change."}, {"pmid": 32255475, "pmcid": "PMC7184462", "title": "Denominator matters in estimating COVID-19 mortality rates.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Gaye, Bamba", "Fanidi, Anouar", "Jouven, Xavier"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255475", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145718, "title": "[Healing the schism between public health and medicine, promoting the integration of prevention and treatment].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tao, F B"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145718", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been nearly 30 years since the publication of \"Healing the Schism: Epidemiology, Medicine, and the Public's Health\" by Professor Kerr L. White. Although scholars have been calling for strengthening the integration of public health and clinical medicine in Chinese medical education and eliminating barriers between public health professionals and clinicians, these effects are not obvious. The epidemic situation of COVID-19 has become an open course for Chinese citizens on the treatment, prevention and control of infectious diseases. Consequently, the public has higher expectations on the modernization of public health governance, and the social atmosphere of bridging the gap between public health and clinical medical education has been establishing. In the future, when combating with novel infectious diseases and public health emergencies, the response capacity of public health system and treatment capacity of clinical system in China will be significantly improved, and the situation of insufficient integration of medical treatment and prevention is bound to be reversed."}, {"pmid": 32469855, "title": "[Model for a threshold of daily rate reduction of COVID-19 cases to avoid hospital collapse in Chile].", "journal": "Medwave", "authors": ["Gutierrez-Aguilar, Rodrigo", "Cordova-Lepe, Fernando", "Munoz-Quezada, Maria Teresa", "Gutierrez-Jara, Juan Pablo"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469855", "countries": ["Chile"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Using a mathematical model, we explore the problem of availability versus overdemand of critical hospital processes (e.g., critical beds) in the face of a steady epidemic expansion such as is occurring from the COVID-19 pandemic. In connection with the statistics of new cases per day, and the assumption of maximum quota, the dynamics associated with the variables number of hospitalized persons (critical occupants) and mortality in the system are explored. A parametric threshold condition is obtained, which involves a parameter associated with the minimum daily effort for not collapsing the system. To exemplify, we include some simulations for the case of Chile, based on a parameter of effort to be sustained with the purpose of lowering the daily infection rate."}, {"pmid": 32415916, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on interventional cardiology fellowship training in the New York metropolitan area: A perspective from the United States epicenter.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Gupta, Tanush", "Nazif, Tamim M", "Vahl, Torsten P", "Ahmad, Hasan", "Bortnick, Anna E", "Feit, Frederick", "Jauhar, Rajiv", "Kandov, Ruben", "Kim, Michael", "Kini, Annapoorna", "Lawson, William", "Leber, Robert", "Lee, Alexander", "Moreyra, Abel E", "Minutello, Robert M", "Sacchi, Terrence", "Vaidya, Pranaychan J", "Leon, Martin B", "Parikh, Sahil A", "Kirtane, Ajay J", "Kodali, Susheel"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415916", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The healthcare burden posed by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the New York Metropolitan area has necessitated the postponement of elective procedures resulting in a marked reduction in cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) volumes with a potential to impact interventional cardiology (IC) fellowship training. We conducted a web-based survey sent electronically to 21 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education accredited IC fellowship program directors (PDs) and their respective fellows. Fourteen programs (67%) responded to the survey and all acknowledged a significant decrease in CCL procedural volumes. More than half of the PDs reported part of their CCL being converted to inpatient units and IC fellows being redeployed to COVID-19 related duties. More than two-thirds of PDs believed that the COVID-19 pandemic would have a moderate (57%) or severe (14%) adverse impact on IC fellowship training, and 21% of the PDs expected their current fellows' average percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) volume to be below 250. Of 25 IC fellow respondents, 95% expressed concern that the pandemic would have a moderate (72%) or severe (24%) adverse impact on their fellowship training, and nearly one-fourth of fellows reported performing fewer than 250 PCIs as of March 1st. Finally, roughly one-third of PDs and IC fellows felt that there should be consideration of an extension of fellowship training or a period of early career mentorship after fellowship. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant reduction in CCL procedural volumes that is impacting IC fellowship training in the NY metropolitan area. These results should inform professional societies and accreditation bodies to offer tailored opportunities for remediation of affected trainees."}, {"pmid": 32425733, "pmcid": "PMC7229963", "title": "\"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gastroenterology Divisions in Italy: a national survey\".", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Maida, M", "Sferrazza, S", "Savarino, E", "Ricciardiello, L", "Repici, A", "Morisco, F", "Furnari, M", "Fuccio, L", "Morreale, G C", "Vitello, A", "Burra, P", "Marchi, S", "Annibale, B", "Benedetti, A", "Alvaro, D", "Ianiro, G"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425733", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Italy, the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has stressed the entire healthcare system and required a huge re-organization of many Divisions, including those of Gastroenterology. to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Gastroenterology Divisions across Italy. All members of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology (SIGE) were invited to answer a web-based survey. Data of 121 hospitals from all 20 Italian regions were analyzed. Overall, 10.7% Gastroenterology Divisions have been converted to Covid Units. Outpatients consultations, endoscopic and ultrasound procedures were limited to urgencies and oncology indications in 85.1%, 96.2% and 72.2% of Units, respectively, and 46.7% of them suspended the screening for colorectal cancer.Moreover, 72.2% of the staff received a training for use of personal protective equipment, although 45.5% did not have sufficient devices for adequate replacement. Overall, 132 healthcare workers in 41 Gastroenterology Divisions were found to be infected. This is the first study to evaluate, at a country level, the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on Gastroenterology Divisions. Substantial changes of practice and reduction of procedures have been recorded in the entire country. The long-term impact of such modifications is difficult to estimate but potentially very risky for many digestive diseases."}, {"pmid": 32356927, "pmcid": "PMC7267124", "title": "Consideration of the Aerosol Transmission for COVID-19 and Public Health.", "journal": "Risk Anal", "authors": ["Anderson, Elizabeth L", "Turnham, Paul", "Griffin, John R", "Clarke, Chester C"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356927", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article analyzes the available evidence to address airborne, aerosol transmission of the SARS-CoV-2. We review and present three lines of evidence: case reports of transmission for asymptomatic individuals in association with studies that show that normal breathing and talking produce predominantly small droplets of the size that are subject to aerosol transport; limited empirical data that have recorded aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 particles that remain suspended in the air for hours and are subject to transport over distances including outside of rooms and intrabuilding, and the broader literature that further supports the importance of aerosol transmission of infectious diseases. The weight of the available evidence warrants immediate attention to address the significance of aerosols and implications for public health protection."}, {"pmid": 32502262, "title": "Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in a high transmission setting increases the risk of severe COVID-19 compared to exposure to a low transmission setting?", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Chen, Dong", "Hu, Chenchan", "Su, Feifei", "Song, Qifa", "Wang, Zhen"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502262", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353640, "pmcid": "PMC7128831", "title": "Work in the Time of Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Surg Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Lindsey M"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353640", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270314, "pmcid": "PMC7138752", "title": "What can European radiologists learn from the outbreak of COVID-19 in China? A discussion with a radiologist from Wuhan.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Gutzeit, Andreas", "Li, Qiubai", "Matoori, Simon", "Li, Basen", "Wang, Liang"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270314", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410736, "pmcid": "PMC7221377", "title": "Evaluating intubation boxes for airway management.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Dalli, Jeffrey", "Khan, Mohammad F", "Marsh, Brian", "Nolan, Kevin", "Cahill, Ronan A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410736", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360585, "pmcid": "PMC7192075", "title": "Current targeted therapeutics against COVID-19: Based on first-line experience in China.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Yue", "Xu, Qianhao", "Sun, Zhuoyan", "Zhou, Lei"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360585", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel strain, causing a global pandemic since the end of 2019. The majority of patients showed nonspecific symptoms such as fever, dry cough, and fatigue. Most patients have a good prognosis while some with severe conditions could rapidly progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, metabolic acidosis, coagulation dysfunction, and even die. The exacerbation of the patient's condition may be due to a cytokine storm in the body. Effective targeted therapies including antiviral and immunization are urgently needed. Although many clinical trials are already underway and the majority of patients have received antiviral therapy based on medication experience with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and preliminary results from some clinical trials, there are no antiviral drugs proven to be effective currently. We summarize the current therapeutic medicines used in the clinic, hope to be able to provide some implications for clinical medication."}, {"pmid": 32272003, "title": "Disease Control, Civil Liberties, and Mass Testing - Calibrating Restrictions during the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Studdert, David M", "Hall, Mark A"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272003", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521771, "title": "Pharmacokinetic Profile of Oral Administration of Mefloquine to Clinically Normal Cats: A Preliminary In-Vivo Study of a Potential Treatment for Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP).", "journal": "Animals (Basel)", "authors": ["Yu, Jane", "Kimble, Benjamin", "Norris, Jacqueline M", "Govendir, Merran"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521771", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pharmacokinetic profile of mefloquine was investigated as a preliminary study towards a potential treatment for feline coronavirus infections (such as feline infectious peritonitis) or feline calicivirus infections. Mefloquine was administered at 62.5 mg orally to seven clinically healthy cats twice weekly for four doses and mefloquine plasma concentrations over 336 h were measured using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The peak plasma concentration (Cmax) after a single oral dose of mefloquine was 2.71 ug/mL and time to reach Cmax (Tmax) was 15 h. The elimination half-life was 224 h. The plasma concentration reached a higher level at 4.06 ug/mL when mefloquine was administered with food. Adverse effects of dosing included vomiting following administration without food in some cats. Mild increases in serum symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA), but not creatinine, concentrations were observed. Mefloquine may provide a safe effective treatment for feline coronavirus and feline calicivirus infections in cats."}, {"pmid": 32442266, "title": "Barriers to Hospital Electronic Public Health Reporting and Implications for the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Holmgren, A Jay", "Apathy, Nate C", "Adler-Milstein, Julia"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442266", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We sought to identify barriers to hospital reporting of electronic surveillance data to local, state, and federal public health agencies and the impact on areas projected to be overwhelmed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using 2018 American Hospital Association data, we identified barriers to surveillance data reporting, and combined this with data on the projected impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital capacity at the hospital referral region (HRR) level. Our results find the most common barrier was public health agencies lacked the capacity to electronically receive data, with 41.2% of all hospitals reporting it. We also identified 31 HRRs in the top quartile of projected bed capacity needed for COVID-19 patients in which over half of hospitals in the area reported that the relevant public health agency was unable to receive electronic data. Public health agencies' inability to receive electronic data is the most prominent hospital-reported barrier to effective syndromic surveillance. This reflects the policy commitment of investing in information technology for hospitals without a concomitant investment in IT infrastructure for state and local public health agencies."}, {"pmid": 32491829, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 more than a respiratory virus: Its potential role in neuropathogenesis.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Singal, Chitra Mohinder Singh", "Jaiswal, Paritosh", "Seth, Pankaj"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491829", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as one of the major outbreaks to be mentioned in history in coming times. Like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a respiratory virus infecting the lungs with fever, dry cough and acute pneumonia being the major symptoms. It infects the epithelial cells expressing Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is crucial for the viral entry. Based on evolving clinical evidence, it is now unfitting to label SARS-CoV-2 as just a respiratory virus, as lately there are various reports that substantiate its pathogenicity in other organs of the body, including brain. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison to SARS and MERS along with possibilities of viral entry into central nervous system (CNS) tissues. The review provides detailed information about the virulence, epidemiology and insights into molecular pathways involved in the infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, along with in-depth view of current concepts about the neurological significance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its neuropathological competence. The review also touches upon our current understanding of placental transmission of SARS-CoV-2, an important aspect of vertical transmission. Furthermore, the review provides the current update on strategies that have been used, being used or under trial for treating the disease."}, {"pmid": 32489023, "title": "[Therapeutic effect of Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid on treating combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Bao, Yan-Yan", "Shi, Yu-Jing", "Guo, Shan-Shan", "Geng, Zi-Han", "Bao, Lei", "Sun, Jing", "Zhao, Rong-Hua", "Gao, Ying-Jie", "Fang, Tong-Hua", "Meng, Jie", "Cui, Xiao-Lan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489023", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this paper was to investigate the therapeutic effect of Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid recommended by Provincial Novel Coronary Virus Pneumonia Treatment Scheme on the treatment of BALB/c mice with combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome and to explore its clinical application in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia, and to provide laboratory data support for clinical Chinese medicine. According to the classification of syndromes of novel coronavirus pneumonia by the national competent department of traditional Chinese medicine, this study determined that human coronavirus 229 E(HCoV-229 E)-infected mouse model of cold and dampness syndrome can be used to study human coronavirus pneumonia combined with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome model. This model is suitable for simulating traditional Chinese medicine treatment of common disease syndromes in Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment program(trial implementation of the sixth edition). Specific steps are as follows. BALB/c mice of cold and dampness syndrome is infected with HCoV-229 E virus, and were divided into normal control group, infection control group, cold-dampness control group, cold-dampness infection group(the model group), and Compound Qilan Oral Liquid high dose group(22 mL\u00b7kg~(-1)\u00b7d~(-1)) and low dose group(11 mL\u00b7kg~(-1)\u00b7d~(-1)). On the day of infection, the Compound Qilan Oral Liquid was administered for three consecutive days. On the last dosing day, the lung tissue was dissected, and the lung index and inhibition rate were calculated. The nucleic acid of lung tissue was extracted and the HCoV-229 E virus load was detected by RT-PCR. Blood leukocytes were separated and the percentage of T and B lymphocytes was detected by flow cytometry. Lung tissue protein was extracted and the contents of IL-6, IL-10, TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3 were detected by ELISA. Serum was separated and the contents of gastrin(GAS) and motilin(MTL) were detected by ELISA. Histopathological analysis was performed with lung tissue. The high and low doses of Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid significantly reduced the lung index(P<0.01) of mice with combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome, and the inhibition rates were 59.01% and 47.72%, respectively. Compared with the model control group, the high and low doses of Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid significantly reduced lung tissue viral load(P<0.01), increased cross blood CD4~+ T lymphocytes, CD8~+ T lymphocytes and total B lymphocyte percentage(P<0.01), reduced serum motilin content(P<0.01), reduced IL-6, IL-10, TNF-\u03b1 and IFN-\u03b3 levels in lungs(P<0.01) and reduced lung tissue inflammation. Compound Qinlan Oral Liquid has a better effect on the mouse model with combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome, which may attribute to its function of in virus replication inhibition, gastrointestinal function improvement, immunity enhancement, and inflammatory factor reduction."}, {"pmid": 32191588, "pmcid": "PMC7233473", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Distinguishes COVID-19 from Community Acquired Pneumonia on Chest CT.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Li, Lin", "Qin, Lixin", "Xu, Zeguo", "Yin, Youbing", "Wang, Xin", "Kong, Bin", "Bai, Junjie", "Lu, Yi", "Fang, Zhenghan", "Song, Qi", "Cao, Kunlin", "Liu, Daliang", "Wang, Guisheng", "Xu, Qizhong", "Fang, Xisheng", "Zhang, Shiqin", "Xia, Juan", "Xia, Jun"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191588", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Coronavirus disease has widely spread all over the world since the beginning of 2020. It is desirable to develop automatic and accurate detection of COVID-19 using chest CT. Purpose To develop a fully automatic framework to detect COVID-19 using chest CT and evaluate its performances. Materials and Methods In this retrospective and multi-center study, a deep learning model, COVID-19 detection neural network (COVNet), was developed to extract visual features from volumetric chest CT exams for the detection of COVID-19. Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and other non-pneumonia CT exams were included to test the robustness of the model. The datasets were collected from 6 hospitals between August 2016 and February 2020. Diagnostic performance was assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity. Results The collected dataset consisted of 4356 chest CT exams from 3,322 patients. The average age is 49\u00b115 years and there were slightly more male patients than female (1838 vs 1484; p-value=0.29). The per-exam sensitivity and specificity for detecting COVID-19 in the independent test set was 114 of 127 (90% [95% CI: 83%, 94%]) and 294 of 307 (96% [95% CI: 93%, 98%]), respectively, with an AUC of 0.96 (p-value<0.001). The per-exam sensitivity and specificity for detecting CAP in the independent test set was 87% (152 of 175) and 92% (239 of 259), respectively, with an AUC of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93, 0.97). Conclusions A deep learning model can accurately detect COVID-19 and differentiate it from community acquired pneumonia and other lung diseases."}, {"pmid": 32511763, "title": "Colchicine and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Corral, Pablo", "Corral, Gonzalo", "Diaz, Rafael"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511763", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488905, "title": "Beyond COVID-19: How the 'dismal science' can prepare us for the future.", "journal": "Health Econ", "authors": ["Chilton, Susan", "Nielsen, Jytte Seested", "Wildman, John"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488905", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438453, "title": "Integrating COVID-19 Volunteer Response into the Year 3 MD Curriculum.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Haines, Morgan J", "Cm Yu, Alec", "Ching, Geoffrey", "Kestler, Mary"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438453", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The University of British Columbia (UBC) Faculty of Medicine suspended clinical rotations for medical students on March 14, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. At that time 291 Year 3 medical students were engaged in clerkships across British Columbia and urgently needed an academic pathway to advance to Year 4 on schedule."}, {"pmid": 32250408, "title": "Critical Illness in Patients With COVID-19: Mounting an Effective Clinical and Research Response.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Cook, Deborah J", "Marshall, John C", "Fowler, Robert A"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250408", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356672, "title": "[COVID-19 - More Lung Pocus and Sparing Use of Stethoscope, Chest X-Ray and Lung CT].", "journal": "Praxis (Bern 1994)", "authors": ["Osterwalder, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356672", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 - More Lung Pocus and Sparing Use of Stethoscope, Chest X-Ray and Lung CT Abstract. For an optimal management of COVID-19 (Coronary Virus Disease) we depend on a fast and reliable diagnosis and severity assessment. The gold standard so far is RT-PCR (reverse transcriptase polmerase chain reaction) from the nasopharyngeal smear. Current tests have a sensitivity of 60-90 %. As a consequence, we must expect 10-40 % false negative results. In addition to oxygen saturation for severity classification, stethoscope, chest X-ray and lung computer tomography are routinely used. However, the standard methods stethoscope and chest X-ray are unreliable. Moreover, all three diagnostic examination techniques expose physicians, support staff and subsequent patients to an additional risk of exposure. In view of the contagiousness of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus), lung point-of-care ultrasound (Lu-PoCUS) is a still underutilized valuable alternative, especially when using pocket devices. In this review the current value and role of stethoscope, pulsoxymetry, chest x ray, lung computer tomography and lung point-of-care ultrasound will be determined based on the available literature."}, {"pmid": 32344331, "pmcid": "PMC7161472", "title": "Mental Health and Psychosocial Aspects of Coronavirus Outbreak in Pakistan: Psychological Intervention for Public Mental Health Crisis.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Mukhtar, Sonia"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344331", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362362, "pmcid": "PMC7152892", "title": "COVID-19: Timing is Important.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["de Simone, Giovanni", "Mancusi, Costantino"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362362", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213786, "pmcid": "PMC7141586", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Pregnancy: Responding to a Rapidly Evolving Situation.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Rasmussen, Sonja A", "Jamieson, Denise J"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213786", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world confronts coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an illness caused by yet another emerging pathogen (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]), obstetric care providers are asking what this means for pregnant women. The global spread has been swift, and many key questions remain. The case-fatality rate for persons cared for in the United States and whether asymptomatic persons transmit the virus are examples of questions that need to be answered to inform public health control measures. There are also unanswered questions specific to pregnant women, such as whether pregnant women are more severely affected and whether intrauterine transmission occurs. Although guidelines for pregnant women from the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have been rapidly developed based on the best available evidence, additional information is critically needed to inform key decisions, such as whether pregnant health care workers should receive special consideration, whether to temporarily separate infected mothers and their newborns, and whether it is safe for infected women to breastfeed. Some current recommendations are well supported, based largely on what we know from seasonal influenza: patients should avoid contact with ill persons, avoid touching their face, cover coughs and sneezes, wash hands frequently, disinfect contaminated surfaces, and stay home when sick. Prenatal clinics should ensure all pregnant women and their visitors are screened for fever and respiratory symptoms, and symptomatic women should be isolated from well women and required to wear a mask. As the situation with COVID-19 rapidly unfolds, it is critical that obstetricians keep up to date."}, {"pmid": 32417996, "pmcid": "PMC7229701", "title": "BCG versus COVID-19: impact on urology.", "journal": "World J Urol", "authors": ["Desouky, Elsayed"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417996", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To search for evidence base for using BCG in the fight against COVID-19 and the possible impact of these clinical trials on urology practice. A literature review about the basis of the ongoing clinical trials using BCG against COVID-19, as well as the use of BCG in urology and if there are any implications of these trials on our practice. Based on data from some epidemiological studies, there are some current clinical trials on the use BCG as a possible prophylactic vaccine against SARS CoV-2 which can affect urology practice. Urologists are already struggling with the global shortage of BCG which can be even more aggravated by such trials. In addition, if the ongoing trials proved the efficacy of BCG as a prophylaxis against COVID-19, this may open the door to more urological research opportunities to question the possibility that intra-vesical BCG, given its systemic immunologic effect, may have been protective to this subgroup of urological patients. The ongoing clinical trials using BCG against COVID-19 can affect our urology practice. We need to stay vigilant to such impacts: BCG shortage and possible new chances for urology research work."}, {"pmid": 32305432, "pmcid": "PMC7162738", "title": "COVID-19 drive through testing: An effective strategy for conserving personal protective equipment.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Ton, Angie N", "Jethwa, Tarang", "Waters, Karen", "Speicher, Leigh L", "Francis, Dawn"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361675, "pmcid": "PMC7182519", "title": "Current Mental Health Issues in the Era of Covid-19.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Gunawan, Joko", "Juthamanee, Siripattra", "Aungsuroch, Yupin"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361675", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32142928, "pmcid": "PMC7127013", "title": "Clinical and CT imaging features of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhu, Ying", "Liu, Yang-Li", "Li, Zi-Ping", "Kuang, Jian-Yi", "Li, Xiang-Min", "Yang, You-You", "Feng, Shi-Ting"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142928", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499215, "title": "DRC faces new Ebola outbreak, covid-19, and measles all at once.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499215", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442264, "title": "Labor and Delivery Visitor Policies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Balancing Risks and Benefits.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Arora, Kavita Shah", "Mauch, Jaclyn T", "Gibson, Kelly Smith"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442264", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497451, "title": "The Psychological Change Process of Frontline Nurses Caring for Patients with COVID-19 during Its Outbreak.", "journal": "Issues Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["Zhang, Yan", "Wei, Lili", "Li, Huanting", "Pan, Yueshuai", "Wang, Jingyuan", "Li, Qianqian", "Wu, Qian", "Wei, Holly"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497451", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aim: To identify the psychological change process of the registered nurses who worked in the epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak.Background: The pandemic of COVID-19 has continued to pose an unprecedented threat and challenge to people's health around the world. Nurses are at high risk because they work within the closest proximity to patients. Understanding nurses' psychological change process during the care for patients with COVID-19 is imperative for healthcare leaders.Methods: This was a qualitative descriptive study that took place in a hospital in Wuhan, China, the epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic, from February 9th to March 15th, 2020. Using purposive sampling, we interviewed 23 nurses. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method of data analysis to find, understand, and describe nurses' experiences.Results: The psychological change process of frontline nurses included three stages, early, middle, and later stages. The psychological characteristics of each period were ambivalence, emotional exhaustion, and energy renewal, respectively. Nurse leaders were anchors in facilitating frontline nurses' psychological adaptation.Conclusions: In the past month, the psychological characteristics of nurses changed over time. The study indicated the necessity for nurse leaders to implement intervention programs based on nurses' psychological characteristics in different periods to promote nurses' health during this critical time period."}, {"pmid": 32519164, "title": "Potential role for tissue factor in the pathogenesis of hypercoagulability associated with in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Bautista-Vargas, Mario", "Bonilla-Abadia, Fabio", "Canas, Carlos A"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519164", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new and highly contagious infectious disease emerged in Wuhan, China. The etiologic agent was identified as a novel coronavirus, now known as Severe Acute Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recent research has revealed that virus entry takes place upon the union of the virus S surface protein with the type I transmembrane metallo-carboxypeptidase, angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) identified on epithelial cells of the host respiratory tract. Virus triggers the synthesis and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1 and also promotes downregulation of ACE-2, which promotes a concomitant increase in levels of angiotensin II (AT-II). Both TNF-\u03b1 and AT-II have been implicated in promoting overexpression of tissue factor (TF) in platelets and macrophages. Additionally, the generation of antiphospholipid antibodies associated with COVID-19 may also promote an increase in TF. TF may be a critical mediator associated with the development of thrombotic phenomena in COVID-19, and should be a target for future study."}, {"pmid": 32093211, "pmcid": "PMC7074453", "title": "Characteristics of and Public Health Responses to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in China.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Deng, Sheng-Qun", "Peng, Hong-Juan"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32093211", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, cases of unidentified pneumonia with a history of exposure in the Huanan Seafood Market were reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province. A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, was identified to be accountable for this disease. Human-to-human transmission is confirmed, and this disease (named COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO)) spread rapidly around the country and the world. As of 18 February 2020, the number of confirmed cases had reached 75,199 with 2009 fatalities. The COVID-19 resulted in a much lower case-fatality rate (about 2.67%) among the confirmed cases, compared with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Among the symptom composition of the 45 fatality cases collected from the released official reports, the top four are fever, cough, short of breath, and chest tightness/pain. The major comorbidities of the fatality cases include hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, and chronic bronchitis. The source of the virus and the pathogenesis of this disease are still unconfirmed. No specific therapeutic drug has been found. The Chinese Government has initiated a level-1 public health response to prevent the spread of the disease. Meanwhile, it is also crucial to speed up the development of vaccines and drugs for treatment, which will enable us to defeat COVID-19 as soon as possible."}, {"pmid": 32522565, "title": "Initial Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Asthma Emergency Department Utilization.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Kenyon, Chen C", "Hill, David A", "Henrickson, Sarah E", "Bryant-Stephens, Tyra C", "Zorc, Joseph J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522565", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371437, "title": "Covid-19: Are chest compressions an aerosol generating procedure or not?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Hassan, Zack As"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371437", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386838, "pmcid": "PMC7187857", "title": "Trauma service reorganization in Bologna (Italy) during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Injury", "authors": ["Di Martino, Alberto", "Faldini, Cesare"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386838", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458475, "title": "Ratcheting down the virulence of SARS-CoV-2 in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Brufsky, Adam", "Lotze, Michael T"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458475", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312018, "title": "Imaging features and mechanisms of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19): Study Protocol Clinical Trial (SPIRIT Compliant).", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Huang, Zixing", "Zhao, Shuang", "Xu, Lin", "Chen, Jianxin", "Lin, Wei", "Zeng, Hanjiang", "Chen, Zhixia", "Du, Liang", "Shi, Yujun", "Zhang, Na", "Song, Bin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312018", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus, tentatively designated as 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), now called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, emerged in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019 and which continues to expand. On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) named the disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). On February 28, WHO increased our assessment of the risk of spread and the risk of impact of COVID-19 to very high at a global level. The COVID-19 poses significant threats to international health.Computed tomography (CT) has been an important imaging modality in assisting in the diagnosis and management of patients withCOVID-19. Some retrospective imaging studies have reported chest CT findings of COVID-19 in the past 2 months, suggesting that several CT findings may be characteristic. To our knowledge, there has been no prospective multicentre imaging study of COVID-19 to date.We proposed a hypothesis: There are some specific CT features on Chest CT of COVID-19 patients. And the mechanism of these CT features is explicable based on pathological findings. To investigate the specific CT features of COVID-19 and the formation mechanism of these CT features. This study is a prospective multicenter observational study. We will recruit 100 patients with COVID-19 at 55 hospitals. All patients undergo chest CT examination with the same scan protocol. The distribution and morphology of lesions on chest CT, clinical data will be recorded. A number of patients will be pathologically examined after permission is granted. The data of these three aspects will be analyzed synthetically. This study will help us to identify the chest CT features of COVID-19 and its mechanism. This retrospective study was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (No. 2020-140). Written informed consent will be obtained from all study participants prior to enrollment in the study. To protect privacy of participants, all private information were kept anonymous. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be disseminated electronically and in print regardless of results."}, {"pmid": 32512038, "title": "IgG Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Viral RNA Persistence in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis.", "journal": "Am J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["De Vriese, An S", "Reynders, Marijke"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512038", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330078, "title": "Dental Care and Oral Health under the Clouds of COVID-19.", "journal": "JDR Clin Trans Res", "authors": ["Ren, Y F", "Rasubala, L", "Malmstrom, H", "Eliav, E"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330078", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This commentary provides a timely evidence-based overview on the impact of COVID-19 on dental care and oral health and identifies gaps in protection of patients and staff in dental settings. Oral symptoms are prominent before fever and cough occur. Dental professionals may play an important role in early identification and diagnosis of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32227076, "pmcid": "PMC7184427", "title": "Life-threatening cardiac tamponade complicating myo-pericarditis in COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Hua, Alina", "O'Gallagher, Kevin", "Sado, Daniel", "Byrne, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227076", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343413, "pmcid": "PMC7267578", "title": "Lipemic serum in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) undergoing treatment.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Rubel, Abdur Rahman", "Chong, Pui Lin", "Abdullah, Muhammad Syafiq", "Asli, Rosmonaliza", "Momin, Riamiza Natalie", "Mani, Babu Ivan", "Chong, Vui Heng"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343413", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390247, "title": "Outnumbered yet needed: The Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["McLaughlin-Barrett, Sara"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390247", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510972, "title": "Standards and Stereotypes in COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Epelbaum, Oleg"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510972", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340050, "title": "[Experience of Practice-Based Psychiatrists and Neurologists During the COVID-19 Pandemic].", "journal": "Psychiatr Prax", "authors": ["Bohlken, Jens", "Schomig, Friederike", "Seehagen, Thorsten", "Kohler, Sabine", "Gehring, Klaus", "Roth-Sackenheim, Christa", "Matschinger, Herbert", "Riedel-Heller, Steffi G"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340050", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, to our knowledge there are no studies regarding attitudes and experiences of outpatient medical personnel during a pandemic. This study's aim was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 on German psychiatrists and neurologists. An e-mail and fax-based short survey of 2,072 practice-based psychiatrists and neurologists was performed including Likert-type questions on personal burden and concerns, anticipated risk of infection, practice management as well as anxiety and sleep problems. 396 physicians returned the questionnaire (19\u200a%). More than 60\u200a% of the participants felt restricted strongly or very strongly, more than 30\u200a% were strongly and very strongly concerned. They anticipated a high own risk of infection. However, 91\u200a% did not report any contact with patients positively screened for COVID-19, which they were aware of. One third felt financially threatened and loss of business volume was anticipated. 18\u200a% reported, that the pandemic triggers substantial anxiety. Sleep problems, which occur at least almost every night, were rarely reported (9\u200a%). Practice-based psychiatrists and neurologists are negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32387474, "pmcid": "PMC7204760", "title": "Children hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter retrospective descriptive study.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Bin", "Liu, Shuyi", "Zhang, Jue", "Xiao, Jijie", "Zhu, Shen", "Dong, Yuhao", "Yuan, Huanchu", "Zhong, Qingyang", "Yang, Ke", "Zou, Yujian", "Zhang, Shuixing"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387474", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238615, "title": "Perinatal-Neonatal Management of COVID-19 Infection - Guidelines of the Federation of Obstetric and Gynecological Societies of India (FOGSI), National Neonatology Forum of India (NNF), and Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP).", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Chawla, Deepak", "Chirla, Dinesh", "Dalwai, Samir", "Deorari, Ashok K", "Ganatra, Atul", "Gandhi, Alpesh", "Kabra, Nandkishor S", "Kumar, Praveen", "Mittal, Pratima", "Parekh, Bakul Jayant", "Sankar, M Jeeva", "Singhal, Tanu", "Sivanandan, Sindhu", "Tank, Parikshit"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238615", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the current rapidly evolving pandemic of COVID-19 infection, pregnant women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and their newborn infants form a special vulnerable group that needs immediate attention. Unlike other elective medical and surgical problems for which care can be deferred during the pandemic, pregnancies and childbirths will continue. Perinatal period poses unique challenges and care of the mother-baby dyads requires special resources for prevention of transmission, diagnosis of infection and providing clinical care during labor, resuscitation and postnatal period. The GRADE approach recommended by the World Health Organization was used to develop the guideline. A Guideline Development Group (GDG) comprising of obstetricians, neonatologists and pediatricians was constituted. The GDG drafted a list of questions which are likely to be faced by clinicians involved in obstetric and neonatal care. An e-survey was carried out amongst a wider group of clinicians to invite more questions and prioritize. Literature search was carried out in PubMed and websites of relevant international and national professional organizations. Existing guidelines, systematic reviews, clinical trials, narrative reviews and other descriptive reports were reviewed. For the practice questions, the evidence was extracted into evidence profiles. The context, resources required, values and preferences were considered for developing the recommendations. To provide recommendations for prevention of transmission, diagnosis of infection and providing clinical care during labor, resuscitation and postnatal period. A set of twenty recommendations are provided under the following broad headings: 1) pregnant women with travel history, clinical suspicion or confirmed COVID-19 infection; 2) neonatal care; 3) prevention and infection control; 4) diagnosis; 5) general questions."}, {"pmid": 32419212, "title": "Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor in COVID-19: Is it stimulating more than just the bone marrow?", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Nawar, Tamara", "Morjaria, Sejal", "Kaltsas, Anna", "Patel, Dhruvkumar", "Perez-Johnston, Rocio", "Daniyan, Anthony F", "Mailankody, Sham", "Parameswaran, Rekha"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419212", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415955, "pmcid": "PMC7239214", "title": "COVID-19: The New Caledonia experience.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kerbaj, Jad", "Cazorla, Cecile", "De Greslan, Thierry", "Serie, Mathieu", "Gourinat, Ann-Claire", "Marot, Benoit"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415955", "countries": ["New Caledonia", "France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New Caledonia is a French associated territory in the South Pacific Ocean. While COVID-19 is expanding over the world, we seem to be well preserved with a total of 18 documented cases. We report the measures implemented on our island that probably helped containing an epidemic spread."}, {"pmid": 32378969, "pmcid": "PMC7256345", "title": "Spectroscopy as a tool for detection and monitoring of Coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Expert Rev Mol Diagn", "authors": ["Khan, Rabia Sanam", "Rehman, Ihtesham Ur"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378969", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303024, "title": "The Importance of Psychodynamic Approach during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatr Danub", "authors": ["Marcinko, Darko", "Jakovljevic, Miro", "Jaksic, Nenad", "Bjedov, Sarah", "Mindoljevic Drakulic, Aleksandra"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303024", "countries": ["Croatia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak was labeled a global pandemic by the WHO in March of 2020. Understanding how crisis influence an individual's reactions to stressful events (and vice versa) is important in order to create meaningful and effective interventions. Our literature search have revealed lack of the papers related to psychodynamic approach to recent crisis. Psychodynamic places a large emphasis on defense mechanisms and unconscious mind, where upsetting feelings, urges, and thoughts that are too painful for us to directly look at are housed. Even though these painful feelings and thoughts are outside of our awareness, they still influence our behavior in many ways. Optimal application of psychodynamic approach offers the frame for acceptance of psychological stress in a more positive way and benefits psychological growth. We believe that including psychodynamic approach in the national public and mental health emergency system will empower Croatia and the world during (and after) COVID-19 pandemic crisis."}, {"pmid": 32451702, "pmcid": "PMC7247777", "title": "Cancer survivorship care during COVID-19-perspectives and recommendations from the MASCC survivorship study group.", "journal": "Support Care Cancer", "authors": ["Chan, Alexandre", "Ashbury, Fred", "Fitch, Margaret I", "Koczwara, Bogda", "Chan, Raymond Javan"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451702", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525826, "title": "Short epidemiological overview of the current situation on COVID-19 pandemic in Southeast European (SEE) countries.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Puca, Edmond", "Civljak, Rok", "Arapovic, Jurica", "Popescu, Corneliu", "Christova, Iva", "Raka, Lul", "Cana, Fadil", "Miranovic, Vesna", "Karageorgopoulos, Drosos", "Bas, Denis", "Paglietti, Bianca", "Barac, Aleksandra"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525826", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are living in times where a viral disease has brought normal life in much of the world to a halt. The novel coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) started in December 2019 in Wuhan, China initially and in a short time crossed the European borders. After mitigating the epidemic in China, Italy became one of the most COVID-19 affected countries worldwide. International travelers are important sources of infectious diseases and a possible source of epidemic. Due to its political, geographic, and cultural similarities, Italy is one of the main economic partners of Southeast European (SEE) countries. Our data show that infection in index cases in all 11 SEE countries was travel-related with Italy being a source country for 8/11 countries. After the first case identifications on February 25, the number of cases in SEE countries is continually rising reaching the total number of 15,612 with 565 fatal cases and overall case fatality ratio (CFR) of 3.6 (median 3.8, range 0.8-5.5) by April 10, 2020. At a time when the COVID-19 pandemic is approaching its peak, apart from the problems with treatment of the disease and care for critically ill patients, there are other equally important problems, such as organization of outbreak response, provision of health care, lack of hospital personnel, disruption of personal protective equipment supply chains and health care workers (HCWs) protection. But what is more important is the heroic behavior of the HCWs who are showing their humanity by disregarding their lives."}, {"pmid": 32250962, "pmcid": "PMC7159055", "title": "Internet Hospitals Help Prevent and Control the Epidemic of COVID-19 in China: Multicenter User Profiling Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Gong, Kai", "Xu, Zhong", "Cai, Zhefeng", "Chen, Yuxiu", "Wang, Zhanxiang"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250962", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), internet hospitals in China were engaged with epidemic prevention and control, offering epidemic-related online services and medical support to the public. The aim of this study is to explore the role of internet hospitals during the prevention and control of the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Online epidemic-related consultations from multicenter internet hospitals in China during the COVID-19 epidemic were collected. The counselees were described and classified into seven type groups. Symptoms were recorded and compared with reported patients with COVID-19. Hypochondriacal suspicion and offline visit motivation were detected within each counselees' group to evaluate the social panic of the epidemic along with the consequent medical-seeking behaviors. The counselees' motivation and the doctors' recommendation for an offline visit were compared. Risk factors affecting the counselees' tendency of hypochondriacal suspicion and offline visit motivation were explored by logistic regression models. The epidemic prevention and control measures based on internet hospitals were listed, and the corresponding effects were discussed. A total of 4913 consultations were enrolled for analysis with the median age of the counselees at 28 years (IQR 22-33 years). There were 104 (2.12%) healthy counselees, 147 (2.99%) hypochondriacal counselees, 34 (0.69%) exposed counselees, 853 (17.36%) mildly suspicious counselees, 42 (0.85%) moderately suspicious counselees, 3550 (72.26%) highly suspicious counselees, and 183 (3.72%) severely suspicious counselees. A total of 94.20% (n=4628) of counselees had epidemic-related symptoms with a distribution similar to those of COVID-19. The hypochondriacal suspicion (n=2167, 44.11%) was common. The counselees' motivation and the doctors' recommendation for offline visits were inconsistent (P<.001) with a Cohen kappa score of 0.039, indicating improper medical-seeking behaviors. Adult counselees (odds ratio [OR]=1.816, P<.001) with epidemiological exposure (OR 7.568, P<.001), shortness of breath (OR 1.440, P=.001), diarrhea (OR 1.272, P=.04), and unrelated symptoms (OR 1.509, P<.001) were more likely to have hypochondriacal suspicion. Counselees with severe illnesses (OR 2.303, P<.001), fever (OR 1.660, P<.001), epidemiological exposure history (OR 1.440, P=.01), and hypochondriacal suspicion (OR 4.826, P<.001) were more likely to attempt an offline visit. Reattending counselees (OR 0.545, P=.002) were less motivated to go to the offline clinic. Internet hospitals can serve different types of epidemic counselees, offer essential medical supports to the public during the COVID-19 outbreak, reduce the social panic, promote social distancing, enhance the public's ability of self-protection, correct improper medical-seeking behaviors, reduce the chance of nosocomial cross-infection, and facilitate epidemiological screening, thus, playing an important role on preventing and controlling COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32361324, "pmcid": "PMC7151472", "title": "Dynamic profile of RT-PCR findings from 301 COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China: A descriptive study.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Xiao, Ai Tang", "Tong, Yi Xin", "Gao, Chun", "Zhu, Li", "Zhang, Yu Jie", "Zhang, Sheng"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361324", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, its effect on society is amplified. We aimed to describe the viral detection results across different timepoints throughout the disease course. A retrospective study of 301 confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China, were included. Demographic characteristics of the patients were collected. Upper respiratory specimens (throat and/or nasal swabs) were obtained and analyzed by real-time RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Period of viral infection and the contagious stage were analyzed. Of 301 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the median age was 58 years and 51.2 % were male. The median period between symptoms presence and positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results was 16 days (IQR, 10-23, N\u202f=\u202f301). The median period between symptoms presence and an effective negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR result was 20 days (IQR, 17-24; N\u202f=\u202f216). Infected patient \u226565 years old stayed contagious longer (22 days vs 19 days, p\u202f=\u202f0.015). Although two consecutive negative results were confirmed in 70 patients, 30 % of them had positive viral test results for the third time. Using specimens from nasal swabs to run the RT-PCR test showed a higher positive rate than using specimens from throat swabs. This large-scale investigation with 1113 RT-PCR test results from 301 COVID-19 patients showed that the average contagious period of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients was 20 days. Longer observation period and more than 2 series of negative viral test are necessary for patients \u226565 years."}, {"pmid": 32307545, "pmcid": "PMC7188175", "title": "Negative impact of social media panic during the COVID-19 outbreak in India.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Kadam, Abhay B", "Atre, Sachin R"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307545", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433243, "pmcid": "PMC7268871", "title": "Rehabilitation Medicine Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Stein, Joel", "Visco, Christopher J", "Barbuto, Scott"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433243", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has spread across the globe at a rapid rate, affecting large numbers of individuals in different countries with varying health care systems and infrastructure. In the US, New York City has been the epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak, and the peak impact in this region has come earlier in this location than most other parts of the country. We report our experience preparing for this pandemic in a New York City academic medical center and its regional health care system, the issues confronted during the rise and peak of the number of cases, and the plans for the post-peak recovery and adjustment to the new reality of providing rehabilitation in an environment where COVID-19 remains prevalent."}, {"pmid": 32358691, "pmcid": "PMC7194500", "title": "Radiographic severity index in COVID-19 pneumonia: relationship to age and sex in 783 Italian patients.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Borghesi, Andrea", "Zigliani, Angelo", "Masciullo, Roberto", "Golemi, Salvatore", "Maculotti, Patrizia", "Farina, Davide", "Maroldi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358691", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To improve the risk stratification of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an experimental chest X-ray (CXR) scoring system for quantifying lung abnormalities was introduced in our Diagnostic Imaging Department. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate correlations between the CXR score and the age or sex of Italian patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Between March 4, 2020, and March 18, 2020, all CXR reports containing the new scoring system were retrieved. Only hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. For each patient, age, sex, and the CXR report containing the highest score were considered for the analysis. Patients were also divided into seven groups according to age. Nonparametric statistical tests were used to examine the relationship between the severity of lung disease and the age or sex. 783 Italian patients (532 males and 251 females) with SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. The CXR score was significantly higher in males than in females only in groups aged 50 to 79\u00a0years. A significant correlation was observed between the CXR score and age in both males and females. Males aged 50\u00a0years or older and females aged 80\u00a0years or older with coronavirus disease 2019 showed the highest CXR score (median\u2009\u2265\u20098). Males aged 50\u00a0years or older and females aged 80\u00a0years or older showed the highest risk of developing severe lung disease. Our results may help to identify the highest-risk patients and those who require specific treatment strategies."}, {"pmid": 32279675, "pmcid": "PMC7180332", "title": "Application and effects of fever screening system in the prevention of nosocomial infection in the only designated hospital of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Shenzhen, China.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Huang, Ting", "Guo, Yinsheng", "Li, Shaxi", "Zheng, Yanqun", "Lei, Lin", "Zeng, Xianhu", "Zhong, Qiao", "Liu, Yingxia", "Liu, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279675", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312528, "pmcid": "PMC7194933", "title": "Early reflection on the global impact of COVID19, and implications for physiotherapy.", "journal": "Physiotherapy", "authors": ["Landry, Michel D", "Landry, Michel D", "Geddes, Lauren", "Park Moseman, Annie", "Lefler, James P", "Raman, Sudha R", "Wijchen, Joost van"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312528", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419772, "pmcid": "PMC7225710", "title": "[HOME CARE AND COVID-19. BEFORE, IN AND AFTER THE STATE OF ALARM].", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Ramon Martinez Riera, Jose", "Gras-Nieto, Elvira"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419772", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Spain, Home Care as a fundamental tool of Primary Health Care, has had uneven development both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, although it initially played a relevant role in the control and monitoring of infected people and their families. However, at no time it was used the desirable community perspective and community participation throughout the process as it has been successfully done in other settings. Subsequently, with the closure of health centers, it ceased to be provided in some autonomous communities, when all the attention was transferred to the hospital setting. This exacerbated hospital-centrism, to the detriment of PHC and Home Care, is showing a high contagion in healthcare professionals. The circulation of professionals in the hospitals, where the main focus of infection is concentrated, and from these to their homes is a clear risk factor. In addition, we must not forget that Home Care is of special importance for the care of people with terminal illnesses or very advanced chronic diseases (dementia, COPD ...), although always taking into account recommendations tending to extreme precautions for infection for professionals, family and caregivers. This can be adapted to the pandemic situation by using tools that digital health offers (telephone care, video calls ...). Finally, it would be very interesting that, once the crisis was over, research was carried out that allowed the incorporation of people who have been treated by the health service during the pandemic, through the technique called public participation in research projects."}, {"pmid": 32393451, "title": "Covid-19: A view from New York.", "journal": "Indian J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Macklin, Ruth"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393451", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I live in New York City, identified as the epicenter of the Covid-19 pandemic. My view differs from that of many of the millions living in this large metropolitan area who are poor. I am not rich, but I am privileged: I have a retirement income for which I have saved all my working life and I have no debts. I am isolated in my apartment having food delivered. But what if I require hospitalization, from Covid-19 or another medical condition? New York State has guidelines for allocation of scarce ventilators in times of scarcity. The guidelines reject advanced age as a criterion for triage because it discriminates against the elderly. Other proposals contend that priority should be given to those who have not yet ;lived a full life. Allocation guidelines set a priority on saving the most lives, but hard choices remain within that broadly defined goal. Key words: Covid-19 pandemic, New York epicenter, resource allocation, age-based selection, shortage of ventilators, triage committee."}, {"pmid": 32360493, "pmcid": "PMC7177066", "title": "Nursing Activities Score is increased in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Intensive Crit Care Nurs", "authors": ["Lucchini, Alberto", "Giani, Marco", "Elli, Stefano", "Villa, Silvia", "Rona, Roberto", "Foti, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360493", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220077, "pmcid": "PMC7228410", "title": "A survey of 434 clinical trials about coronavirus disease 2019 in China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Leng, Zikuan", "Yin, Dongfei", "Zhao, Zhe", "Yan, Miaoheng", "Yang, Yanlei", "He, Xijing", "Zhao, Robert Chunhua", "Liu, Hongjian"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220077", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493441, "pmcid": "PMC7267751", "title": "Treatment of severely ill COVID-19 patients with anti-interleukin drugs (COV-AID): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Maes, Bastiaan", "Bosteels, Cedric", "De Leeuw, Elisabeth", "Declercq, Jozefien", "Van Damme, Karel", "Delporte, Anja", "Demeyere, Benedicte", "Vermeersch, Stefanie", "Vuylsteke, Marnik", "Willaert, Joren", "Bolle, Laura", "Vanbiervliet, Yuri", "Decuypere, Jana", "Libeer, Frederick", "Vandecasteele, Stefaan", "Peene, Isabelle", "Lambrecht, Bart"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493441", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study is to test the safety and effectiveness of individually or simultaneously blocking IL-6, IL-6 receptor and IL-1 versus standard of care on blood oxygenation and systemic cytokine release syndrome in patients with COVID-19 coronavirus infection and acute hypoxic respiratory failure and systemic cytokine release syndrome. A phase 3 prospective, multi-center, interventional, open label, 6-arm 2x2 factorial design study. Subjects will be recruited at the specialized COVID-19 wards and/or ICUs at 16 Belgian participating hospitals. Only adult (\u226518y old) patients will be recruited with recent (\u226416 days) COVID-19 infection and acute hypoxia (defined as PaO2/FiO2 below 350mmHg or PaO2/FiO2 below 280 on supplemental oxygen and immediately requiring high flow oxygen device or mechanical ventilation) and signs of systemic cytokine release syndrome characterized by high serum ferritin, or high D-dimers, or high LDH or deep lymphopenia or a combination of those, who have not been on mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours before randomisation. Patients should have had a chest X-ray and/or CT scan showing bilateral infiltrates within the last 2 days before randomisation. Patients with active bacterial or fungal infection will be excluded. Patients will be randomized to 1 of 5 experimental arms versus usual care. The experimental arms consist of Anakinra alone (anti-IL-1 binding the IL-1 receptor), Siltuximab alone (anti-IL-6 chimeric antibody), a combination of Siltuximab and Anakinra, Tocilizumab alone (humanised anti-IL-6 receptor antibody) or a combination of Anakinra with Tocilizumab in addition to standard care. Patients treated with Anakinra will receive a daily subcutaneous injection of 100mg for a maximum of 28 days or until hospital discharge, whichever comes first. Siltuximab (11mg/kg) or Tocilizumab (8mg/kg, with a maximum dose of 800mg) are administered as a single intravenous injection immediately after randomization. The primary end point is the time to clinical improvement defined as the time from randomization to either an improvement of two points on a six-category ordinal scale measured daily till day 28 or discharge from the hospital or death. This ordinal scale is composed of (1) Death; (2) Hospitalized, on invasive mechanical ventilation or ECMO; (3) Hospitalized, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices; (4) Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen; (5) Hospitalized, not requiring supplemental oxygen; (6) Not hospitalized. Patients will be randomized using an Interactive Web Response System (REDCap). A 2x2 factorial design was selected with a 2:1 randomization regarding the IL-1 blockade (Anakinra) and a 1:2 randomization regarding the IL-6 blockade (Siltuximab and Tocilizumab). In this open-label trial neither participants, caregivers, nor those assessing the outcomes are blinded to group assignment. A total of 342 participants will be enrolled: 76 patients will receive usual care, 76 patients will receive Siltuximab alone, 76 patients will receive Tocilizumab alone, 38 will receive Anakinra alone, 38 patients will receive Anakinra and Siltuximab and 38 patients will receive Anakinra and Tocilizumab. COV-AID protocol version 3.0 (15 Apr 2020). Participant recruitment is ongoing and started on April 4th 2020. Given the current decline of the COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium, it is difficult to anticipate the rate of participant recruitment. The trial was registered on Clinical Trials.gov on April 1st, 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04330638) and on EudraCT on April 3rd 2020 (Identifier: 2020-001500-41). The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32271942, "pmcid": "PMC7262199", "title": "Coping with COVID-19: ventilator splitting with differential driving pressures using standard hospital equipment.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Clarke, A L", "Stephens, A F", "Liao, S", "Byrne, T J", "Gregory, S D"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271942", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to a worldwide shortage of ventilators. This shortage has initiated discussions on how to support multiple patients with a single ventilator (ventilator splitting). Ventilator splitting is incompletely tested, experimental and the effects have not been fully characterised. This study investigated the effect of ventilator splitting on system variables (inspiratory pressure, flow and volume) and the possibility of different ventilation targets for each limb using only standard hospital equipment. Experiments were conducted on two test lungs with different compliances (0.02\u00a0l.cmH2 O-1 and 0.04\u00a0l.cmH2 O-1 ). The ventilator was used in both pressure and volume control modes and was set to ventilate the low compliance lungs at end-tidal volumes of 500\u00a0\u00b1\u00a020\u00a0ml. A flow restrictor apparatus consisting of a Hoffman clamp and tracheal tube was connected in series to the inspiratory limb of the high compliance test lungs and the resistance modified to achieve end-tidal volumes of 500\u00a0\u00b1\u00a020\u00a0ml. The restriction apparatus successfully modified the inspiratory pressure, minute ventilation and volume delivered to the high compliance test lungs in both pressure control (27.3-17.8\u00a0cmH2 O, 15.2-8.0\u00a0l.min-1 and 980-499\u00a0ml, respectively) and volume control (21.0-16.7\u00a0cmH2 O, 10.7-7.9\u00a0l.min-1 and 659-498\u00a0ml, respectively) ventilation modes. Ventilator splitting is not condoned by the authors. However, these experiments demonstrate the capacity to simultaneously ventilate two test lungs of different compliances, and using only standard hospital equipment, modify the delivered pressure, flow and volume in each test lung."}, {"pmid": 32512021, "title": "Anormal pulmonary function and residual CT abnormalities in rehabilitating COVID-19 patients after discharge: a prospective cohort study.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["You, Jingjing", "Zhang, Lu", "Ni-Jia-Ti, Ma-Yi-di-Li", "Zhang, Jue", "Hu, Fuyin", "Chen, Luyan", "Dong, Yuhao", "Yang, Ke", "Zhang, Bin", "Zhang, Shuixing"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512021", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476643, "title": "Mobile Health Technology for Enhancing the COVID-19 Response in Africa: A Potential Game Changer?", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Nachega, Jean B", "Leisegang, Rory", "Kallay, Oscar", "Mills, Edward J", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Lester, Richard T"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476643", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mobile Health Technology for Enhancing the COVID-19 Response in Africa: A Potential Game Changer?"}, {"pmid": 32414981, "title": "Could vets manage Covid-19 better?", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Logue, David N"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414981", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437950, "pmcid": "PMC7211753", "title": "Vascular surgery education during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Tinelli, Giovanni", "Sica, Simona", "Minelli, Fabrizio", "Tshomba, Yamume"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505189, "title": "Team management in critical care units for patients with COVID-19: an experience from Hunan Province, China.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Tang, Li", "Zhao, Xian-Mei", "Yu, Xiao-Yan"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505189", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513657, "title": "Laying straw men to rest: author's reply to \"Urgency and uncertainty: covid-19, face masks, and evidence informed policy\".", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Greenhalgh, Trisha"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513657", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353696, "pmcid": "PMC7156944", "title": "A crisis within the crisis: The mental health situation of refugees in the world during the 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Junior, Jucier Goncalves", "de Sales, Jair Paulino", "Moreira, Marcial Moreno", "Pinheiro, Woneska Rodrigues", "Lima, Carlos Kennedy Tavares", "Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353696", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "68.5 million people around the world have been forced to leave their houses. Refugees have mainly to face their adaption in a host country, which involves bureaucracy, different culture, poverty, and racism. The already fragile situation of refugees becomes worrying and challenged in the face of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic. Therefore, we aimed to describe the factors that can worsen the mental health of refugees. The studies were identified in well-known international journals found in three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. The data were cross-checked with information from the main international newspapers. According to the literature, the difficulties faced by refugees with the COVID-19 pandemic are potentiated by the pandemic state. There are several risk factors common to coronavirus and psychiatric illnesses as overcrowding, disruption of sewage disposal, poor standards of hygiene, poor nutrition, negligible sanitation, lack of access to shelter, health care, public services, and safety. These associated with fear and uncertainty create a closed ground for psychological sickness and COVID-19 infection. There should be not only a social mobilization to contain the virus, but also a collective effort on behalf of the most vulnerable populations."}, {"pmid": 32068600, "title": "Personal knowledge on novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Kang, Han-Yu-Jie", "Wang, Yi-Shan", "Tong, Zhao-Hui"], "date": "2020-02-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32068600", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336348, "pmcid": "PMC7180027", "title": "Effective health communication - a key factor in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Patient Educ Couns", "authors": ["Finset, Arnstein", "Bosworth, Hayden", "Butow, Phyllis", "Gulbrandsen, Pal", "Hulsman, Robert L", "Pieterse, Arwen H", "Street, Richard", "Tschoetschel, Robin", "van Weert, Julia"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336348", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445583, "title": "Erythema multiforme-like lesions in children and COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Torrelo, Antonio", "Andina, David", "Santonja, Carlos", "Noguera-Morel, Lucero", "Bascuas-Arribas, Marta", "Gaitero-Tristan, Jara", "Alonso-Cadenas, Jose Antonio", "Escalada-Pellitero, Silvia", "Hernandez-Martin, Angela", "de la Torre-Espi, Mercedes", "Colmenero, Isabel"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445583", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During examination of cases of chilblains in children and adolescents, we identified four patients who also showed skin lesions similar to erythema multiforme (EM). They had no other known triggers for EM. One of them had a positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2, while the other 3 were negative. Skin biopsies from two patients showed features not typical of EM, such as deep perivascular and perieccrine infiltrate and absence of necrosis of keratinocytes. Immunohistochemistry for SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 spike protein showed granular positivity in endothelial cells and epithelial cells of eccrine glands in both biopsies. All patients had an excellent outcome, and had minimal or no systemic symptoms. The coincidence of EM, a condition commonly related to viruses, and chilblains in the setting of COVID-19, as well as the positivity for SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by immunohistochemistry strongly suggest a link between EM-like lesions and SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32488956, "title": "Can concomitant use of zinc and curcumin with other immunity-boosting nutraceuticals be the arsenal against COVID-19?", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Roy, Anupam", "Sarkar, Biswatrish", "Celik, Cagla", "Ghosh, Animesh", "Basu, Utpal", "Jana, Malabendu", "Jana, Arundhati", "Gencay, Ayse", "Sezgin, Gulten Can", "Ildiz, Nilay", "Dam, Paulami", "Mandal, Amit K", "Ocsoy, Ismail"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488956", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251002, "title": "Recommendations for respiratory rehabilitation in adults with COVID-19.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Zhao, Hong-Mei", "Xie, Yu-Xiao", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251002", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious respiratory disease that leads to respiratory, physical, and psychological dysfunction in patients. Respiratory rehabilitation is an important intervention as well as cure for clinical patients. With increased understanding of COVID-19 and the accumulation of clinical experience, we proposed recommendations for respiratory rehabilitation in adults with COVID-19 based on the opinions of frontline clinical experts involved in the management of this epidemic and a review of the relevant literature and evidence. Our recommendations are as follows: 1. for inpatients with COVID-19, respiratory rehabilitation would relieve the symptoms of dyspnea, anxiety, and depression and eventually improve physical functions and the quality of life; 2. for severe/critical inpatients, early respiratory rehabilitation is not suggested; 3. for patients in isolation, respiratory rehabilitation guidance should be conducted through educational videos, instruction manuals, or remote consultation; 4. assessment and monitoring should be performed throughout the respiratory rehabilitation process; 5. proper grade protection should be used following the present guidelines. These recommendations can guide clinical practice and form the basis for respiratory rehabilitation in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32530507, "title": "Can steroids reverse the severe COVID-19 induced 'cytokine storm'?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kolilekas, Lykourgos", "Loverdos, Konstantinos", "Giannakaki, Styliani", "Vlassi, Lamprini", "Levounets, Anastasia", "Zervas, Eleftherios", "Gaga, Mina"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530507", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe COVID-19 is characterized by an excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine storm, resulting in acute lung injury and development of ARDS. The role of corticosteroids is controversial in severe COVID-19 pneumonia and associated hyper-inflammatory syndrome. We reported a case series of six consecutive COVID-19 patients with severe pneumonia, ARDS and laboratory indices of hyper-inflammatory syndrome. All patients were treated early with a short course of corticosteroids, and clinical outcomes were compared before and after corticosteroids administration. All patients evaded intubation and intensive care admission, ARDS resolved within 11.8 days (median), viral clearance was achieved in 4 patients within 17.2 days (median), and all patients were discharged from the hospital in 16.8 days (median). Early administration of short course corticosteroids improves clinical outcome of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and evidence of immune hyper-reactivity. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32445420, "title": "Can thrombotic events be a major concern in hepatocellular carcinoma patients under systemic treatment during SARS-Cov-2?", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["da Fonseca, Leonardo", "Carrilho, Flair Jose"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445420", "topics": ["NONE", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519827, "title": "Covid-19: a survey on knowledge, awareness and hygiene practices among dental health professionals in an Indian scenario.", "journal": "Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig", "authors": ["Singh Gambhir, Ramandeep", "Singh Dhaliwal, Jagjit", "Aggarwal, Amit", "Anand, Samir", "Anand, Vaibhav", "Kaur Bhangu, Amanpreet"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519827", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) continues to spread globally. It has become a major cause of concern for health care professionals all over the world. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, awareness and hygiene practices regarding COVID-19 among private dental practitioners practicing in Tricity (Chandigarh, Panchkula and Mohali) in India during these critical times. A total of 245 private dentists participated in this cross-sectional survey and finally 215 constituted the final sample size. A self-administered, multiple choice type questionnaire (verified by a specialist) was administered to obtain information from the subjects. The questionnaire was divided into two parts and included 15 questions on knowledge and awareness regarding COVID-19. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and Student\u2019s t-test. Percentage of subjects who answered correctly regarding main symptoms of COVID-19 and primary mode of transmission was 87% and 82.5% respectively. One-third of the subjects were not aware regarding Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to be used while rendering dental treatment. 75% of subjects were of the opinion that supportive care is the current treatment regime for COVID-19. Less than one-third of subjects (30.2%) reported high scores. Education level (p=0.018) and health sector profile (p=0.024) of the subjects were significantly associated with mean knowledge scores. The findings of the present study showed that some notable deficiencies in knowledge existed among dental professionals regarding some vital aspects of COVID-19. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improving dentists\u2019knowledge via health education and training programs. Further studies on the subject are also warranted once the situation normalizes."}, {"pmid": 32506059, "title": "Detection of Hemosiderin-Laden Macrophages in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of COVID-19 Patients: Is Perls Stain a Potential Indicator of Oxidative Alveolar Damage?", "journal": "Acta Cytol", "authors": ["Drak Alsibai, Kinan"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506059", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334945, "pmcid": "PMC7152866", "title": "Donor organ evaluation in the era of coronavirus disease 2019: A case of nosocomial infection.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Patel, Krishan J", "Kao, Tina", "Geft, Dael", "Czer, Lawrence", "Esmailian, Fardad", "Kobashigawa, Jon A", "Patel, Jignesh K"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334945", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380044, "pmcid": "PMC7196905", "title": "Obesity could shift severe COVID-19 disease to younger ages.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Kass, David A", "Duggal, Priya", "Cingolani, Oscar"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380044", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421685, "title": "Using Remote Medical Care Services to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Liao, Yanhui", "Yao, Yin", "Chen, Wei", "Tang, Jinsong"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421685", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This manuscript is in the category of Letters to editor, and there is no abstract."}, {"pmid": 32427676, "pmcid": "PMC7273954", "title": "Shanghai Zhongshan Experience on Digestive Endoscopic Procedures During 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Liu, Xinyang", "Cai, Mingyan", "Shi, Qiang", "Wang, Ping", "Zhou, Pinghong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427676", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468858, "title": "COVID-19, Type 1 Diabetes Clinical Practice, Research, and Remote Medical Care: A View From the Land Down-Under.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Venkatesh, Nisha", "Paldus, Barbora", "Lee, Melissa H", "MacIsaac, Richard J", "Jenkins, Alicia J", "O'Neal, David N"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468858", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401368, "pmcid": "PMC7272857", "title": "Conduction abnormalities in hydroxychloroquine add on therapy to lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chong, Vui Heng", "Chong, Pui Lin", "Metussin, Dhiya", "Asli, Rosmonaliza", "Momin, Riamiza Natalie", "Mani, Babu Ivan", "Abdullah, Muhammad Syafiq"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401368", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352537, "title": "Scholarship During a Pandemic: Secondary Data Analysis.", "journal": "J Nurs Educ", "authors": ["Spurlock, Darrell Jr"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352537", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted nearly every aspect of life in the United States and around the globe, including significant impacts to higher education, both in its teaching-learning and research missions. With the physical closure of so many college and university campuses, a looming challenge is how nurse researchers can continue to generate new knowledge during a temporary but extended period of social distancing where conducting research requiring physical interaction with participants is impossible. In this Methodology Corner installment, a brief overview of secondary data analysis is provided, and resources for locating potentially useful data are described. Although secondary data analysis will not replace the dominant approaches used in nursing education research, current circumstances require it to take a much more prominent place in the toolbox of nursing education researchers. [J Nurs Educ. 2020;59(5):245-247.]."}, {"pmid": 32525387, "title": "The psychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: A lesson for mental health prevention in the first severely hit European country.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Marazziti, Donatella", "Pozza, Andrea", "Di Giuseppe, Mariagrazia", "Conversano, Ciro"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525387", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy was the first European country severely hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. While the containment measures were relatively effective in the acute phase, the current postemergency phase addressing the long-term psychosocial consequences is the key challenge for our healthcare system, where the importance of mental health prevention is not sufficiently recognized. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32251637, "pmcid": "PMC7129487", "title": "From China: hope and lessons for COVID-19 control.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Azman, Andrew S", "Luquero, Francisco J"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251637", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488190, "title": "These methods from psychiatry can help you beat stress during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Marques, Luana"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488190", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464327, "pmcid": "PMC7247462", "title": "COVID-19 and Kawasaki disease in children.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Xu, Suowen", "Chen, Mingwu", "Weng, Jianping"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464327", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372820, "pmcid": "PMC7194711", "title": "Can breathing exercises help protect you from covid-19?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Hamzelou, Jessica"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372820", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32176257, "pmcid": "PMC7081171", "title": "COVID-19 and the Risk to Health Care Workers: A Case Report.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Ng, Kangqi", "Poon, Beng Hoong", "Kiat Puar, Troy Hai", "Shan Quah, Jessica Li", "Loh, Wann Jia", "Wong, Yu Jun", "Tan, Thean Yen", "Raghuram, Jagadesan"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32176257", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519165, "title": "Incidence and consequences of systemic arterial thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Cantador, Estefania", "Nunez, Alberto", "Sobrino, Pilar", "Espejo, Victoria", "Fabia, Lucia", "Vela, Lydia", "de Benito, Luis", "Botas, Javier"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519165", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A high incidence of thrombotic events, particularly deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, has been clearly documented in COVID-19 patients. In addition, small series of patients with coronary, cerebrovascular and peripheral arterial thrombotic events have also been reported, but their true incidence and consequences are not well described, and constitute the objective of this study. From February 1st to April 21st, 2020, 2115 COVID-19 patients were treated at Hospital Universitario Fundaci\u00f3n Alcorc\u00f3n (Madrid, Spain), and 1419 were eventually admitted. Patient characteristics and outcomes were collected by reviewing their electronic medical records. Fourteen patients had a systemic arterial thrombotic event, which represents a 1% incidence in relation to the total number of hospitalized patients. Three patients suffered an acute coronary syndrome, two with persistent ST-segment elevation, one of whom was treated invasively, and one with transient ST-segment elevation. Eight patients had a cerebrovascular event. Six suffered an acute ischemic stroke and two a transient ischemic attack, 50% of them had a Rankin score\u2009\u2265\u20093 at discharge. Three additional patients had a limb thrombotic event, all of them infrapopliteal, and were managed conservatively. All three cases developed necrosis of the toes, two of them with bilateral involvement. The hospitalization death rate of patients with an arterial event was 28.6%. Although COVID-19 may favor the occurrence of thrombotic events, the destabilization and thrombosis of arterial atherosclerotic plaques do not seem to be a frequent mechanism which warrants the need for specific systematic preventive measures."}, {"pmid": 32276097, "pmcid": "PMC7141477", "title": "Which Melbourne Metropolitan Areas Are Vulnerable to COVID-19 Based on Age, Disability, and Access to Health Services? Using Spatial Analysis to Identify Service Gaps and Inform Delivery.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Lakhani, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276097", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aging adults (65+) with disability are especially vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and on contracting, they are a cohort most likely to require palliative care. Therefore, it is very important that health services-particularly health services providing palliative care-are proximately available. Treating the Melbourne metropolitan area as a case study, a spatial analysis was conducted to clarify priority areas with a significantly high percentage and number of aging adults (65+) with disability and high barriers to accessing primary health services. Afterward, travel times from priority areas to palliative medicine and hospital services were calculated. The geographic dispersion of areas with people vulnerable to COVID-19 with poor access to palliative care and health services is clarified. Unique methods of health service delivery are required to ensure that vulnerable populations in underserviced metropolitan areas receive prompt and adequate care. The spatial methodology used can be implemented in different contexts to support evidence-based COVID-19 and pandemic palliative care service decisions."}, {"pmid": 32240285, "pmcid": "PMC7184399", "title": "First Mildly Ill, Non-Hospitalized Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Without Viral Transmission in the United States - Maricopa County, Arizona, 2020.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Scott, Sarah E", "Zabel, Karen", "Collins, Jennifer", "Hobbs, Katherine C", "Kretschmer, Melissa J", "Lach, Mitchell", "Turnbow, Katie", "Speck, Lindsay", "White, Jessica R", "Maldonado, Keila", "Howard, Brandon", "Fowler, Jeanene", "Singh, Sonia", "Robinson, Susan", "Pompa, Alexandra Peterson", "Chatham-Stephens, Kevin", "Xie, Amy", "Cates, Jordan", "Lindstrom, Stephen", "Lu, Xiaoyan", "Rolfes, Melissa A", "Flanagan, Marcy", "Sunenshine, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240285", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes a range of illness severity. Mild illness has been reported, but whether illness severity correlates with infectivity is unknown. We describe the public health investigation of a mildly ill, non-hospitalized COVID-19 case who traveled to China. The case was a Maricopa County resident with multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive specimens collected on January 22, 2020. Contacts were persons exposed to the case on or after the day before case diagnostic specimen collection. Contacts were monitored for 14 days after last known exposure. High-risk contacts had close, prolonged case contact (\u226510 minutes within 2 meters). Medium-risk contacts wore all U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-recommended personal protective equipment during interactions. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal (NP/OP) specimens were collected from the case and high-risk contacts and tested for SARS-CoV-2. Paired case NP/OP specimens were collected for SARS-CoV-2 testing at 11 time points. In 8 pairs (73%), \u22651 specimen tested positive or indeterminate, and in 3 pairs (27%) both tested negative. Specimens collected 18 days after diagnosis tested positive. Sixteen contacts were identified; 11 (69%) had high-risk exposure, including 1 intimate contact, and 5 (31%) had medium-risk exposure. In total, 35 high-risk contact NP/OP specimens were collected for SARS-CoV-2 testing; all 35 pairs (100%) tested negative. This report demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause mild illness and result in positive tests for up to 18 days after diagnosis, without evidence of transmission to close contacts. These data might inform public health strategies to manage individuals with asymptomatic infection or mild illness."}, {"pmid": 32450752, "title": "The Impact of the Pandemic on Otolaryngology Patients With Negative COVID-19 Status: Commentary and Insights From Orbital Emergencies.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Fastenberg, Judd H", "Bottalico, Danielle", "Kennedy, William A", "Sheikh, Ahmed", "Setzen, Michael", "Rodgers, Rand"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Efforts aimed at minimizing the spread of COVID-19 and \"flattening the curve\" may be affecting clinical care delivery for non-COVID-19 cases that include otolaryngologic and orbital conditions. We are witnessing changes in the manner that patients present, as well as modifications in clinical management strategies. An improved understanding of these phenomena and the contributing factors is essential for otolaryngologists to provide sound clinical care during this unprecedented pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32343365, "pmcid": "PMC7267568", "title": "Canadian Geriatrics in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Hogan, David B", "MacKnight, Chris", "Madden, Kenneth M", "Montero-Odasso, Manuel", "Stall, Nathan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343365", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363011, "pmcid": "PMC7178815", "title": "Evaluation of a COVID-19 IgM and IgG rapid test; an efficient tool for assessment of past exposure to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Infect Ecol Epidemiol", "authors": ["Hoffman, Tove", "Nissen, Karolina", "Krambrich, Janina", "Ronnberg, Bengt", "Akaberi, Dario", "Esmaeilzadeh, Mouna", "Salaneck, Erik", "Lindahl, Johanna", "Lundkvist, Ake"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363011", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is the most rapidly growing pandemic in modern time, and the need for serological testing is most urgent. Although the diagnostics of acute patients by RT-PCR is both efficient and specific, we are also crucially in need of serological tools for investigating antibody responses and assessing individual and potential herd immunity. We evaluated a commercially available test developed for rapid (within 15\u00a0minutes) detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG by 29 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases and 124 negative controls. The results revealed a sensitivity of 69% and 93.1% for IgM and IgG, respectively, based solely on PCR-positivity due to the absence of a serological gold standard. The assay specificities were shown to be 100% for IgM and 99.2% for IgG. This indicates that the test is suitable for assessing previous virus exposure, although negative results may be unreliable during the first weeks after infection. More detailed studies on antibody responses during and post infection are urgently needed."}, {"pmid": 32407440, "pmcid": "PMC7226282", "title": "Asymptomatic Seroconversion of Immunoglobulins to SARS-CoV-2 in a Pediatric Dialysis Unit.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Hains, David S", "Schwaderer, Andrew L", "Carroll, Aaron E", "Starr, Michelle C", "Wilson, Amy C", "Amanat, Fatima", "Krammer, Florian"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407440", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32142621, "pmcid": "PMC7129735", "title": "Risk of COVID-19 for patients with cancer.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Wang, Hanping", "Zhang, Li"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142621", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348165, "title": "Developing Vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 and Future Epidemics and Pandemics: Applying Lessons from Past Outbreaks.", "journal": "Health Secur", "authors": ["Billington, John", "Deschamps, Isabelle", "Erck, Stanley C", "Gerberding, Julie L", "Hanon, Emmanuel", "Ivol, Sabrina", "Shiver, John W", "Spencer, Julia A", "Van Hoof, Johan"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348165", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a stark reminder of the heavy toll that emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) with epidemic and pandemic potential can inflict. Vaccine development, scale-up, and commercialization is a long, expensive, and risky enterprise that requires substantial upfront planning and offers no guarantee of success. EIDs are a particularly challenging target for global health preparedness, including for vaccine development. Insufficient attention has been given to challenges, lessons learned, and potential solutions to support and sustain vaccine industry engagement in vaccine development for EIDs. Drawing from lessons from the most recent Ebola epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as well as the 2009 H1N1 influenza, 2014-2016 Ebola, and 2015-16 Zika outbreaks preceding it, we offer our perspective on challenges facing EID vaccine development and recommend additional solutions to prioritize in the near term. The 6 recommendations focus on reducing vaccine development timelines and increasing business certainty to reduce risks for companies. The global health security community has an opportunity to build on the current momentum to design a sustainable model for EID vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32281897, "title": "The management of biologics in dermatologic patients in the 2019-nCoV era.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Plachouri, Kerasia-Maria", "Georgiou, Sophia"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281897", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302000, "pmcid": "PMC7184358", "title": "The duration of viral shedding of discharged patients with severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhou, Bo", "She, Jianqing", "Wang, Yadan", "Ma, Xiancang"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302000", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has drawn global intensive attention1-3. Most of studies paid attention to epidemiological, clinical, and radiological features of inpatients with COVID-191-3. However, little studies have focused on clinical characteristics of discharged patients with severe COVID-19, especially the duration of viral shedding."}, {"pmid": 32020029, "pmcid": "PMC7054408", "title": "Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro.", "journal": "Cell Res", "authors": ["Wang, Manli", "Cao, Ruiyuan", "Zhang, Leike", "Yang, Xinglou", "Liu, Jia", "Xu, Mingyue", "Shi, Zhengli", "Hu, Zhihong", "Zhong, Wu", "Xiao, Gengfu"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32020029", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498139, "title": "Characteristics of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Korea From the Mass Infection Perspective.", "journal": "J Prev Med Public Health", "authors": ["Kang, Yun Jung"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498139", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the Chinese government officially announced that the country had some cases of pneumonia with an unknown cause. By February 8, 2020, there were 24 confirmed cases in Korea, and the number of cases has steadily increased since then. On March 9, 2020, the cumulative number of confirmed cases in Korea was 7382, with 51 deaths. This study examines the characteristics of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak from the perspective of the large-scale number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths. This study is significant in that it emphasizes the precautionary principle in preventing and managing infectious diseases, and makes suggestions for urgently needed public health policies."}, {"pmid": 32217986, "pmcid": "PMC7199770", "title": "2019 novel coronavirus and awareness.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217986", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32061333, "pmcid": "PMC7128440", "title": "Protecting health-care workers from subclinical coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Chang, De", "Xu, Huiwen", "Rebaza, Andre", "Sharma, Lokesh", "Dela Cruz, Charles S"], "date": "2020-02-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32061333", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410714, "pmcid": "PMC7223395", "title": "Patients with COVID-19 in 19 ICUs in Wuhan, China: a cross-sectional study.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Yu, Yuan", "Xu, Dan", "Fu, Shouzhi", "Zhang, Jun", "Yang, Xiaobo", "Xu, Liang", "Xu, Jiqian", "Wu, Yongran", "Huang, Chaolin", "Ouyang, Yaqi", "Yang, Luyu", "Fang, Minghao", "Xiao, Hongwen", "Ma, Jing", "Zhu, Wei", "Hu, Song", "Hu, Quan", "Ding, Daoyin", "Hu, Ming", "Zhu, Guochao", "Xu, Weijiang", "Guo, Jun", "Xu, Jinglong", "Yuan, Haitao", "Zhang, Bin", "Yu, Zhui", "Chen, Dechang", "Yuan, Shiying", "Shang, You"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410714", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A COVID-19 outbreak started in Wuhan, China, last December and now has become a global pandemic. The clinical information in caring of critically ill patients with COVID-19 needs to be shared timely, especially under the situations that there is still a largely ongoing spread of COVID-19 in many countries. A multicenter prospective observational study investigated all the COVID-19 patients received in 19 ICUs of 16 hospitals in Wuhan, China, over 24\u2009h between 8\u2009AM February 2h and 8\u2009AM February 27, 2020. The demographic information, clinical characteristics, vital signs, complications, laboratory values, and clinical managements of the patients were studied. A total of 226 patients were included. Their median (interquartile range, IQR) age was 64 (57-70) years, and 139 (61.5%) patients were male. The duration from the date of ICU admission to the study date was 11 (5-17) days, and the duration from onset of symptoms to the study date was 31 (24-36) days. Among all the patients, 155 (68.6%) had at least one coexisting disease, and their sequential organ failure assessment score was 4 (2-8). Organ function damages were found in most of the patients: ARDS in 161 (71.2%) patients, septic shock in 34 (15.0%) patients, acute kidney injury occurred in 57 (25.2%) patients, cardiac injury in 61 (27.0%) patients, and lymphocytopenia in 160 (70.8%) patients. Of all the studied patients, 85 (37.6%) received invasive mechanical ventilation, including 14 (6.2%) treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) at the same time, 20 (8.8%) received noninvasive mechanical ventilation, and 24 (10.6%) received continuous renal replacement therapy. By April 9, 2020, 87 (38.5%) patients were deceased and 15 (6.7%) were still in the hospital. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 are associated with a higher risk of severe complications and need to receive an intensive level of treatments. COVID-19 poses a great strain on critical care resources in hospitals. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000030164. Registered on February 24, 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=49983&htm=4."}, {"pmid": 32341103, "pmcid": "PMC7236830", "title": "Understanding the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-SARS-CoV-Axis: A Comprehensive Review.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Ingraham, Nicholas E", "Barakat, Abdo G", "Reilkoff, Ronald", "Bezdicek, Tamara", "Schacker, Timothy", "Chipman, Jeffrey G", "Tignanelli, Christopher J", "Puskarich, Michael A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341103", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been declared a global pandemic with significant morbidity and mortality since first appearing in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. As many countries are grappling with the onset of their epidemics, pharmacotherapeutics remain lacking. The window of opportunity to mitigate downstream morbidity and mortality is narrow but remains open. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is crucial to the homeostasis of both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 utilises and interrupts this pathway directly, which could be described as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-SARS-CoV-2-axis (RAAS-SCoV-axis). There exists significant controversy and confusion surrounding how anti-hypertensive agents might function along this pathway. This review explores the current state of knowledge regarding the RAAS-SCoV-axis, informed by prior studies of SARS-CoV, how this relates to our currently evolving pandemic, and how these insights might guide our next steps in an evidence-based manner. This review discusses the role of the RAAS-SCoV-axis in acute lung injury and the effects, risks, and benefits of pharmacologic modification of this axis. There may be an opportunity to leverage the different aspects of RAAS inhibitors to mitigate indirect viral-induced lung injury. Concerns have been raised that such modulation might exacerbate the disease. While relevant preclinical, experimental models to date favor a protective effect of RAAS-SCoV-axis inhibition on both lung injury and survival, clinical data related to the role of RAAS modulation in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 remains limited. Proposed interventions for SARS-CoV-2 predominantly focus on viral microbiology and aim to inhibit viral cellular injury. While these therapies are promising, immediate use may not be feasible, and the time window of their efficacy remains a major unanswered question. An alternative approach is the modulation of the specific downstream pathophysiologic effects caused by virus that lead to morbidity and mortality. We propose a preponderance of evidence that supports clinical equipoise regarding the efficacy of RAAS-based interventions, and the imminent need for a multisite randomised controlled clinical trial to evaluate the inhibition of the RAAS-SCoV-axis on acute lung injury in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32437739, "pmcid": "PMC7211718", "title": "Safety and efficacy of early high-dose IV anakinra in severe COVID-19 lung disease.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Pontali, Emanuele", "Volpi, Stefano", "Antonucci, Giancarlo", "Castellaneta, Marco", "Buzzi, Davide", "Tricerri, Francesca", "Angelelli, Alessia", "Caorsi, Roberta", "Feasi, Marcello", "Calautti, Francesca", "Castagnola, Elio", "Rollandi, Gian Andrea", "Ravelli, Angelo", "Cassola, Giovanni", "Gattorno, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437739", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475692, "pmcid": "PMC7211567", "title": "[The effects of quarantine for SARS-CoV-2 on sleep: An online survey].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Hartley, S", "Colas des Francs, C", "Aussert, F", "Martinot, C", "Dagneaux, S", "Londe, V", "Waldron, L", "Royant-Parola, S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475692", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Explore the evolution of sleep during the SARS-CoV-2 quarantine period and define associated factors. An online survey of patients in quarantine. Questions targeted the conditions of quarantine, sleep related behaviours and exposure to factors known to affect sleep and circadian rhythms (light exposure and sport). In all, 1777 participants were included: 77% women and 72% aged 25-54 years. Quarantine conditions were most frequently in couples with children (36%) and in a house with a garden (51%). Forty-seven percent of participants reported a decrease in sleep quality during quarantine. Factors associated with a reduction in sleep quality by logistic regression were sleep reduction (OR 15.52 P<0.001), going to bed later (OR 1.72 P<0.001), getting up earlier (2.18 P=0.01), an increase in sleep-wake irregularity (OR 2.29 P<0.001), reduced exposure to daylight (OR 1.46 P=0.01) and increased screen use in the evenings (OR 1.33 P=0.04). Sleep quality tended to reduce during quarantine and this was associated with changes in sleep behaviours and light exposure, especially in the evening. In order to optimise sleep during quarantine, regular sleep and wake times, at least 1hour exposure to daylight and a reduction of screen use in the evenings are suggested."}, {"pmid": 32426693, "pmcid": "PMC7232926", "title": "Nursing homes and the elderly regarding the COVID-19 pandemic: situation report from Hungary.", "journal": "Geroscience", "authors": ["Kemenesi, Gabor", "Kornya, Laszlo", "Toth, Gabor Endre", "Kurucz, Kornelia", "Zeghbib, Safia", "Somogyi, Balazs A", "Zoldi, Viktor", "Urban, Peter", "Herczeg, Robert", "Jakab, Ferenc"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426693", "countries": ["Hungary"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global impact of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is significant in terms of public health effects and its long-term socio-economic implications. Among all social groups, the elderly is by far the most affected age group regarding morbidity and mortality. In multiple countries spanning several continents, there are an increasing number of reports referencing the novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) spread among nursing homes. These areas are now recognized as potent hotspots regarding the pandemic, which one considers with special regard. Herein, we present currently available data of fatal COVID-19 cases throughout Hungary, along with the analysis of the co-morbidity network. We also report on viral genomic data originating from a nursing home resident. The genomic data was used for viral haplotype network analysis. We emphasize the urgent need for public health authorities to focus on nursing homes and residential service units worldwide, especially in the care of the elderly and infirmed. Our results further emphasize the recent statement released by the World Health Organization (WHO) regarding the vulnerability among seniors and especially the high risk of COVID-19 emergence throughout nursing and social homes."}, {"pmid": 32522407, "title": "[How do children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) experience lockdown during the COVID-19 outbreak?]", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Bobo, E", "Lin, L", "Acquaviva, E", "Caci, H", "Franc, N", "Gamon, L", "Picot, M-C", "Pupier, F", "Speranza, M", "Falissard, B", "Purper-Ouakil, D"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522407", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, the French government has decided a general lockdown. This unprecedented situation has raised concerns about children's and adolescent's mental health. Children and adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may find this context of restrained activity particularly tricky. The objectives of our study are to gather information about the well-being and global life conditions of children and adolescents with ADHD during the COVID-19 outbreak in France. We designed a survey including both open-ended questions and questionnaire items for parents of children and adolescents with ADHD. Parents responded to the following open-ended questions: 1) \"How is your child doing since the lockdown?\" 2) \"How is life at home since the lockdown?\" 3) \"If you had a remote service provision with a mental health professional (e.g. by telephone or video technology), please share your thoughts and any suggestions with us\" 4) \"Please share any other items that you think are important about ADHD symptoms of your child and the lockdown situation\". This survey was posted on social media on the 6th of April and disseminated by French ADHD-parent and patient organizations. The present article reports the descriptive, qualitative and textometrical analyses of the survey. Between day 20 and 30 of lockdown, 538 parents responded to the survey, and we included 533 responses in the final analysis. The vast majority of responders were women 95\u00a0% (95\u00a0% CI 93,50; 97,18) with children whose mean age was 10,5 (95\u00a0% CI 7.58; 13.44). Since the lockdown, 34.71\u00a0% (95\u00a0% CI 30.70; 38.94) of children experienced a worsening in well-being, 34.33\u00a0% (95\u00a0% CI 30.34; 38.56) showed no significant changes and 30.96\u00a0% (95\u00a0% CI 27.09; 35.10) were doing better according to their parents. The thematic analysis showed that an improvement of their children's anxiety was one of the main topics addressed by parents. This improvement related to less school-related strain and flexible schedules that respected their children's rhythm. Improved self-esteem was another topic that parents linked with a lesser exposure of their children to negative feed-back. Parents repeatedly reported both inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity. However, optimal lockdown life conditions seemed to compensate for the impact of ADHD symptoms (e.g. sufficient space at home, presence of a garden). Some parents reported worsening of general well-being in their children, and this manifested as oppositional/defiant attitudes and emotional outbursts. Parents also cited sleep problems and anxiety in this context. As regards everyday life during lock-down, at-home schooling was another major topic-parents described that their children struggled to complete school-related tasks and that teachers seemed to have forgotten about academic accommodations. The lockdown situation seems to have raised parents' awareness of the role of inattention and ADHD symptoms in their children's learning difficulties. Due to potential selection biases, the results of our survey may not be generalizable to all children and adolescents with ADHD. The main strengths of this rapid survey-based study lies in the reactivity of the participants and the quality and diversity of their responses to the open-ended questions. According to their parents, most children and adolescents with ADHD experience stability or improvement of their well-being. An improvement in school-related anxiety and the flexible adjustment to the children's' rhythms as well as parents' increased awareness of the difficulties their children experience are among the key topics in parents' descriptions."}, {"pmid": 32312790, "pmcid": "PMC7211078", "title": "Faecal calprotectin indicates intestinal inflammation in COVID-19.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Effenberger, Maria", "Grabherr, Felix", "Mayr, Lisa", "Schwaerzler, Julian", "Nairz, Manfred", "Seifert, Markus", "Hilbe, Richard", "Seiwald, Stefanie", "Scholl-Buergi, Sabine", "Fritsche, Gernot", "Bellmann-Weiler, Rosa", "Weiss, Gunter", "Muller, Thomas", "Adolph, Timon Erik", "Tilg, Herbert"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312790", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358234, "pmcid": "PMC7268866", "title": "The American College of Nuclear Medicine Guidance on Operating Procedures for a Nuclear Medicine Facility During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Tulchinsky, Mark", "Osmany, Saabry"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358234", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2 pandemic is causing widespread disruption in everyday life necessitating urgent and radical adaptations in operating procedures at Nuclear Medicine facilities. The potential for causing severe illness, COVID-19, calls for strict observance of preventive measures aimed to mitigate the spread of the virus. The threat of COVID-19 is particularly serious as there is no vaccine and no specific antiviral therapy. Further complications are introduced by shortages of personal protective equipment for healthcare workers who have direct contact with patients and effective testing to identify infected patients, raising the need for delaying some testing and therapies. Certain vulnerable segments of the general population have been identified (advanced age and certain comorbidities), which should heighten further their preventive efforts. Therefore, this guidance is intended to be operationalized depending on a facility's specific needs and local disease prevalence."}, {"pmid": 32401723, "pmcid": "PMC7219358", "title": "COVID-19 and the Skin.", "journal": "Actas Dermosifiliogr", "authors": ["Catala Gonzalo, A", "Galvan Casas, C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401723", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391242, "pmcid": "PMC7205603", "title": "A Precision Medicine Approach to SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Management.", "journal": "Curr Treat Options Allergy", "authors": ["Crisci, Carlos D", "Ardusso, Ledit R F", "Mossuz, Antonela", "Muller, Leila"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391242", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Precision medicine (PM) represents a new paradigm in disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. To apply PM premises in an emerging coronavirus pandemic acquires potentially greater relevance in order to allow the selection of specific preventive measures as well as biomarkers that will be useful in disease management. The identification of the new coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as the responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had led to a plethora of strategies to contain viral dissemination, affecting life styles and personal behaviors. Viral genomic sequencing has shown that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein utilizes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) found on ciliated epithelial cells of the human lungs as its specific receptor. Neutralizing antibodies to the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein were detected in patients recovered from COVID-19; however, both T cells and NK cells were reduced in severe cases. Excessive and uncontrolled releases of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1B, IL-1RA, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF\u03b1) were increased in severe patients. These cytokines might be useful biomarkers of disease worsening and potential targets for new biological therapies currently under investigation. Present knowledge and recent developments in PM approach to COVID-19 disease prevention, evaluation, and management are pointed out. Better understanding of pathogenic pathways together with an accurate phenotype classification of patients presented with SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptoms might contribute to a more accurate definition of biomarkers and other diagnostic tools, which may lead to more precise mitigation strategies, personalized pharmacologic options, as well as new biological therapy developments."}, {"pmid": 32325391, "pmcid": "PMC7161515", "title": "Self-harm and COVID-19 Pandemic: An emerging concern - A report of 2 cases from India.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Sahoo, Swapnajeet", "Rani, Seema", "Parveen, Shaheena", "Pal Singh, Ajay", "Mehra, Aseem", "Chakrabarti, Subho", "Grover, Sandeep", "Tandup, Cheering"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325391", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412681, "pmcid": "PMC7261998", "title": "Appearance of skin rash in pediatric patients with COVID-19: Three case presentations.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Bursal Duramaz, Burcu", "Yozgat, Can Yilmaz", "Yozgat, Yilmaz", "Turel, Ozden"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412681", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527617, "pmcid": "PMC7253973", "title": "Tracking the Genomic Footprints of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission.", "journal": "Trends Genet", "authors": ["Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527617", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is considerable public and scientific interest in the origin, spread, and evolution of SARS-CoV-2. Lu et al. recently conducted genomic sequencing and analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Guangdong, revealing its early transmission out of Hubei and shedding light on the effectiveness of controlling local transmission chains."}, {"pmid": 32526626, "title": "Response to 'Vitamin D concentrations and COVID-19 infection in UK Biobank'.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Roy, Akangsha Sur", "Matson, Montgomery", "Herlekar, Rahul"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526626", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293554, "pmcid": "PMC7184147", "title": "Just when I thought I was out, they pull me back in: the older physician in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Peisah, Carmelle", "Hockey, Peter", "Benbow, Susan Mary", "Williams, Betsy"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293554", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425996, "pmcid": "PMC7227597", "title": "A Systematic Review of Asymptomatic Infections with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Gao, Zhiru", "Xu, Yinghui", "Sun, Chao", "Wang, Xu", "Guo, Ye", "Qiu, Shi", "Ma, Kewei"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425996", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late December 2019, it has brought significant harm and challenges to over 200 countries and regions around the world. However, there is increasing evidence that many patients with COVID-19 are asymptomatic or have only mild symptoms, but they are able to transmit the virus to others. There are difficulties in screening for asymptomatic infections, which makes it more difficult for national prevention and control of this epidemic. This article reviews the characteristics, treatment, and outcomes of asymptomatic infections with COVID-19, hoping it would be helpful for early prevention and control of this severe public health threat worldwide."}, {"pmid": 32404774, "pmcid": "PMC7255396", "title": "Considerations for Assessing Risk of Provider Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 after a Negative Test.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Long, Dustin R", "Sunshine, Jacob E", "Van Cleve, Wil"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404774", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501362, "pmcid": "PMC7250108", "title": "Experimental and numerical study of potential infection risks from exposure to bioaerosols in one BSL-3 laboratory.", "journal": "Build Environ", "authors": ["Liu, Zhijian", "Zhuang, Wenbin", "Hu, Lingfei", "Rong, Rui", "Li, Jinsong", "Ding, Wenjun", "Li, Na"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501362", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs) are defined as infections of laboratory staff by exposure to pathogenic microorganisms during an experimental procedure. For a biosafety level-3 (BSL-3) laboratory with a high potential of exposure, reducing risks and threats relevant to LAIs has become a critical concern, especially after the recent outbreak of Novel Coronavirus causing COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. This study aimed to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics of bioaerosol dispersion and deposition of two kinds of bioaerosols (Serratia marcescens and phage \u03a6X174). A combination of laboratory experiment and numerical simulation was adopted to explore bioaerosol removal. Three-dimensional concentration iso-surface mapping in conjunction with flow field analysis was employed to elucidate bioaerosol migration and deposition behavior. The total deposition number and unit area deposition ratio were calculated for different surfaces. The results indicate that bioaerosol concentration remains stable for up to 400\u00a0s after release, and that almost 70% of all bioaerosol particles become deposited on the surfaces of walls and equipment. Vortex flow regions and high-concentration regions were determined, and the most severely contaminated surfaces and locations were identified. Our results could provide the scientific basis for controlling the time interval between different experiments and also provide guidelines for a laboratory disinfection routine. Furthermore, future work regarding laboratory layout optimization and high efficiency air distribution for bioaerosol removal in a BSL-3 laboratory should be emphasized."}, {"pmid": 32344169, "pmcid": "PMC7194962", "title": "A cluster of COVID-19 cases in a small Italian town: a successful example of contact tracing and swab collection.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Valent, F", "Gallo, T", "Mazzolini, E", "Pipan, C", "Sartor, A", "Merelli, M", "Bontempo, G", "Marzinotto, S", "Curcio, F", "Tascini, C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344169", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Case Report", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221278, "title": "Alcohol consumption in the Covid-19 Era.", "journal": "Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol", "authors": ["Testino, Gianni", "Pellicano, Rinaldo"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221278", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393593, "title": "Recognition and management of respiratory coinfection and secondary bacterial pneumonia in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Wu, Chao-Ping", "Adhi, Fatima", "Highland, Kristin"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393593", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pathophysiology of COVID-19 is not fully known. Respiratory infection caused by more than one viral pathogen (viral co-infection) or both viral and bacterial pathogens (combined viral and bacterial pneumonia) have been described. Secondary bacterial pneumonia can follow the initial phase of viral respiratory infection or occur during the recovery phase. No obvious pattern or guidelines exist for viral coinfection, combined viral and bacterial pneumonia, or secondary bacterial pneumonia in the context of SARS-CoV-2. Based on existing clinical data and experience with similar viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV, the management approach in the context of COVID-19 should, ideally, take into consideration the overall presentation as well as the trajectory of illness."}, {"pmid": 32483236, "title": "Two linear epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein that elicit neutralising antibodies in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Nat Commun", "authors": ["Poh, Chek Meng", "Carissimo, Guillaume", "Wang, Bei", "Amrun, Siti Naqiah", "Lee, Cheryl Yi-Pin", "Chee, Rhonda Sin-Ling", "Fong, Siew-Wai", "Yeo, Nicholas Kim-Wah", "Lee, Wen-Hsin", "Torres-Ruesta, Anthony", "Leo, Yee-Sin", "Chen, Mark I-Cheng", "Tan, Seow-Yen", "Chai, Louis Yi Ann", "Kalimuddin, Shirin", "Kheng, Shirley Seah Gek", "Thien, Siew-Yee", "Young, Barnaby Edward", "Lye, David C", "Hanson, Brendon John", "Wang, Cheng-I", "Renia, Laurent", "Ng, Lisa F P"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483236", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, identification of immunogenic targets against the coronavirus spike glycoprotein will provide crucial advances towards the development of sensitive diagnostic tools and potential vaccine candidate targets. In this study, using pools of overlapping linear B-cell peptides, we report two IgG immunodominant regions on SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein that are recognised by sera from COVID-19 convalescent patients. Notably, one is specific to SARS-CoV-2, which is located in close proximity to the receptor binding domain. The other region, which is localised at the fusion peptide, could potentially function as a pan-SARS target. Functionally, antibody depletion assays demonstrate that antibodies targeting these immunodominant regions significantly alter virus neutralisation capacities. Taken together, identification and validation of these neutralising B-cell epitopes will provide insights towards the design of diagnostics and vaccine candidates against this high priority coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32330545, "pmcid": "PMC7173826", "title": "African-American COVID-19 Mortality: A Sentinel Event.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Ferdinand, Keith C", "Nasser, Samar A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330545", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487985, "title": "[Delivery of oral health in andalusian health service on the de-escalation of SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Rev Esp Salud Publica", "authors": ["Exposito Delgado, Antonio", "Visuerte Sanchez, Jose Manuel", "Soto Ibarreta, Maria Teresa", "Hernandez Nieto, Josefina", "Cervino Ferradanes, Santiago"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487985", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic declared by SARS-CoV-2 has meant a crisis in the health system that forced the urgent implementation of preventive public health measures. The respiratory transmission virus remains stable on surfaces, being able to spread by air in respiratory droplets or in procedures that generate aerosols. Dental activity is one of the professional sectors with the highest exposure index, both due to the generation of aerosols in most interventions, as well as the impossibility of maintaining a safe distance between patients and professionals. The postponement of scheduled and non-urgent healthcare activities in dental offices is one of the measures implemented to reduce the risk that it posed for the health and well-being of citizens. This report addresses the recommendations and measures to be taken into account to minimize risks in the Oral Health Units of the Andalusian Public Health System, to address the oral pathology of the population assigned in the scenario of improvement of the pandemic and its partial lack of confinement."}, {"pmid": 32451343, "title": "Is withdrawing treatment really more problematic than withholding treatment?", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Cameron, James", "Savulescu, Julian", "Wilkinson, Dominic"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451343", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a concern that as a result of COVID-19 there will be a shortage of ventilators for patients requiring respiratory support. This concern has resulted in significant debate about whether it is appropriate to withdraw ventilation from one patient in order to provide it to another patient who may benefit more. The current advice available to doctors appears to be inconsistent, with some suggesting withdrawal of treatment is more serious than withholding, while others suggest that this distinction should not be made. We argue that there is no ethically relevant difference between withdrawing and withholding treatment and that suggesting otherwise may have problematic consequences. If doctors are discouraged from withdrawing treatment, concern about a future shortage may make them reluctant to provide ventilation to patients who are unlikely to have a successful outcome. This may result in underutilisation of available resources. A national policy is urgently required to provide doctors with guidance about how patients should be prioritised to ensure the maximum benefit is derived from limited resources."}, {"pmid": 32458195, "pmcid": "PMC7249969", "title": "Miller-Fisher-like syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID 19).", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Fernandez-Dominguez, Jessica", "Ameijide-Sanluis, Elena", "Garcia-Cabo, Carmen", "Garcia-Rodriguez, Raquel", "Mateos, Valentin"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458195", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381324, "pmcid": "PMC7190484", "title": "Reorganizing Italian Internal Medicine wards for COVID 19.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Mazzone, Antonino", "Mumoli, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381324", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437114, "pmcid": "PMC7253042", "title": "Early Rehabilitation for Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: More Benefits Than Risks.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Yu, Pengming", "Wei, Quan", "He, Chengqi"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437114", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360424, "pmcid": "PMC7187840", "title": "Table-top exercises to prepare for neonatal resuscitation in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Law, Brenda H", "Cheung, Po-Yin", "Skelding, Shelley", "Schmolzer, Georg M"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360424", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361714, "title": "A new era for nuclear medicine.", "journal": "Hell J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Chatzipavlidou, Vasiliki"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361714", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is the defining global health crisis of our time. Health care systems globally are amid an unprecedented challenge. Since its emergence in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, the virus has spread to 185 countries worldwide, with more than 2.63 million cases confirmed and more than 183 thousand related deaths (as of 23/04/2020). According to current evidence, the novel coronavirus is transmitted from human-to-human mainly via respiratory droplets of different sizes, contact with bodily fluids, or from contaminated surfaces. In the context of COVID-19, airborne transmission may be possible in specific circumstances and settings in which procedures that generate aerosols are performed. The common clinical symptoms of the highly pathogenic and large-scale epidemic virus include fever, cough, fatigue, ageusia and anosmia and in some patients, gastrointestinal infection symptoms. The elderly and patients with comorbidities are susceptible to infection and prone to severe complications, which may be associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokines storm. Currently, there are few specific antiviral strategies, but several potent candidates of antivirals and repurposed drugs are under urgent investigation. Under these circumstances, it is critical for health care settings, including nuclear medicine departments to take infection control measures, to prevent a potential spread not just among patients but also to staff members as well as to reconsider the performance of randomized clinical trials. There have already been papers on the radiology preparedness that should be applied to radiology and nuclear medicine departments to support the care of patients with COVID-19 and maintain radiologic diagnostic and interventional support for the entirety of the hospital and healthcare system, particularly for emergencies, without jeopardizing an outbreak in the units. Since most nuclear medicine diagnostic and therapeutic interventions are non-urgent, the general guidance from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) for infection prevention and control is to postpone scheduled procedure after cautious risk assessment, with certain exceptions. Individualized approach of each case is a sine qua non of ensuring low transmission of COVID-19 as well as effective and safe management of patients admitted to nuclear medicine departments. Another major issue raised is the possible impact COVID-19 on the transport of medical radioisotopes. By the 1st of April 2020, the Euratom Supply Agency (ESA) co-chaired the European Observatory on Supply of Medical Radioisotope expressing their concerns related to the impact of COVID-19 on the supply chain and inconsequence on the availability of the most vital medical radioisotopes used in nuclear medicine. Due to the current lockdown situation, extended border controls, reductions and elimination of many commercial passenger flights, competition and cost of cargo and charter options, required appropriate additional support. The new era of nuclear medicine practice worldwide coincides with a new era for the Hellenic Society of Nuclear Medicine (HSNM) and the Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine (HJNM). The founder and Editor in Chief for more than 28 consecutive years, Professor Emeritus Philip Grammaticos, resigned leaving behind a benchmark for the presidencies and editors to come. His commitment to the conservation of a high level of scientific excellence of the published papers is the legacy which we wish to maintain in the future publications. The interim Editor in Chief of the current issue, would like to express her gratitude to Professor Emeritus Philip Grammaticos for his contribution to the global scientific community as well as to the incoming Editor in Chief Konstantinos Anagnostopoulos, MD, PhD, FRCP, FESC for accepting this new role. We wholeheartedly welcome the new Editor in Chief and the new members of the Editorial Board, wishing them an active, attentive and successful mandate. Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine will remain true to the set principles, values and past and prepared to cope with future challenges in the scientific and clinical setting."}, {"pmid": 32323460, "pmcid": "PMC7264649", "title": "Solid organ transplantation programs facing lack of empiric evidence in the COVID-19 pandemic: A By-proxy Society Recommendation Consensus approach.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Ritschl, Paul V", "Nevermann, Nora", "Wiering, Leke", "Wu, Helen H", "Moroder, Philipp", "Brandl, Andreas", "Hillebrandt, Karl", "Tacke, Frank", "Friedersdorff, Frank", "Schlomm, Thorsten", "Schoning, Wenzel", "Ollinger, Robert", "Schmelzle, Moritz", "Pratschke, Johann"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323460", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has a drastic impact on national health care systems. Given the overwhelming demand on facility capacity, the impact on all health care sectors has to be addressed. Solid organ transplantation represents a field with a high demand on staff, intensive care units, and follow-up facilities. The great therapeutic value of organ transplantation has to be weighed against mandatory constraints of health care capacities. In addition, the management of immunosuppressed recipients has to be reassessed during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In addressing these crucial questions, transplant physicians are facing a total lack of scientific evidence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to offer an approach of consensus-based guidance, derived from individual information of 22 transplant societies. Key recommendations were extracted and the degree of consensus among different organizations was calculated. A high degree of consensus was found for temporarily suspending nonurgent transplant procedures and living donation programs. Systematic polymerase chain reaction-based testing of donors and recipients was broadly recommended. Additionally, more specific aspects (eg, screening of surgical explant teams and restricted use of marginal donor organs) were included in our analysis. This study offers a novel approach to informed guidance for health care management when a priori no scientific evidence is available."}, {"pmid": 32287792, "pmcid": "PMC7131829", "title": "How bad will it get?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["MacKenzie, Debora"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287792", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the coronavirus death rate may be lower than some estimates, case numbers may be far higher, reports Debora MacKenzie."}, {"pmid": 32407189, "title": "Recommendation of fecal specimen for routine molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 and for COVID-19 discharge criteria.", "journal": "Pathog Glob Health", "authors": ["Ahamed Mim, Moonmoon", "Naznin Rakhi, Nadira", "Saha, Otun", "Rahaman, Md Mizanur"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407189", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498691, "pmcid": "PMC7271826", "title": "Immediate and long-term consequences of COVID-19 infections for the development of neurological disease.", "journal": "Alzheimers Res Ther", "authors": ["Heneka, Michael T", "Golenbock, Douglas", "Latz, Eicke", "Morgan, Dave", "Brown, Robert"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498691", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasing evidence suggests that infection with Sars-CoV-2 causes neurological deficits in a substantial proportion of affected patients. While these symptoms arise acutely during the course of infection, less is known about the possible long-term consequences for the brain. Severely affected COVID-19 cases experience high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and acute respiratory dysfunction and often require assisted ventilation. All these factors have been suggested to cause cognitive decline. Pathogenetically, this may result from direct negative effects of the immune reaction, acceleration or aggravation of pre-existing cognitive deficits, or de novo induction of a neurodegenerative disease. This article summarizes the current understanding of neurological symptoms of COVID-19 and hypothesizes that affected patients may be at higher risk of developing cognitive decline after overcoming the primary COVID-19 infection. A structured prospective evaluation should analyze the likelihood, time course, and severity of cognitive impairment following the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32297089, "pmcid": "PMC7157827", "title": "Switch from oral anticoagulants to parenteral heparin in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized patients.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Testa, Sophie", "Paoletti, Oriana", "Giorgi-Pierfranceschi, Matteo", "Pan, Angelo"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297089", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The development of COVID-19 syndrome in anticoagulated patients, and especially their admission to intensive-care units with acute severe respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), expose them to specific problems related to their therapy, in addition to those associated with the acute viral infection. Patients on VKA hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 show high instability of PT INR due to the variability of vitamin K metabolism, diet, fasting, co-medications, liver impairment, and heart failure. Patients on DOAC are exposed to under/over treatment caused by significant pharmacological interferences. In consideration of the pharmacological characteristics of oral anticoagulant drugs, the multiple pharmacological interactions due to the treatment of acute disease and the possible necessity of mechanical ventilation with hospitalization in intensive-care units, we suggest replacing oral anticoagulant therapies (VKA and DOAC) with parenteral heparin to avoid the risk of over/under treatment."}, {"pmid": 32291968, "pmcid": "PMC7262202", "title": "Recommendations of individualized medical treatment and common adverse events management for lung cancer patients during the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Thorac Cancer", "authors": ["Zhao, Zhe", "Bai, Hua", "Duan, Jianchun", "Wang, Jie"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291968", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its outbreak in December 2019 in China, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly spread and affected several countries. It has resulted in a difficult situation for cancer patients owing to the risks of the epidemic situation outbreak as well as cancer. Patients with cancer are more likely than the general population to contract COVID-19 because of the systemic immunosuppressive status caused by malignant diseases or anticancer treatment. Lung cancer has the highest morbidity and mortality in China and the world. Most patients with lung cancer are smokers with poor underlying lung conditions and low immunity, thus it is vital to protect them from epidemic diseases during cancer treatment. It is necessary to provide individualized medical treatment and management of treatment-related adverse events for patients with lung cancer based on patients' conditions and regional epidemic patterns. KEY POINTS: Significant findings of the study During the outbreak of COVID-19, taking patients' conditions and regional epidemic patterns into consideration, providing appropriate individualized treatment strategies for lung cancer patients with different stages is an urgent requirement. What this study adds Based on the characteristics of lung cancer, this article aims to provide recommendations and suggestions of individualized treatment strategies and management of common adverse events for patients with lung cancer during the epidemic period of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32509860, "pmcid": "PMC7254074", "title": "Suggestions for Radiation Oncologists during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Biomed Res Int", "authors": ["Franco, Pierfrancesco", "Kochbati, Lofti", "Siano, Marco", "De Bari, Berardino"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509860", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and COVID-19 diffusion have recently become an international public health emergency. Cancer patients, as a frail population, are particularly exposed to the risk related to infections. The clinical decision-making process and the organizational workflow of radiotherapy department should be revised in the light of the critical situation. We herein provide practical suggestions derived from the available literature and discussed during an online session held within the e-learning educational program of the European School of Oncology on March 31st 2020."}, {"pmid": 32360432, "pmcid": "PMC7188652", "title": "Acute Thrombosis of an Aortic Prosthetic Graft in a Patient with Severe COVID-19-Related Pneumonia.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Giacomelli, Elena", "Dorigo, Walter", "Fargion, Aaron", "Calugi, Gianmarco", "Cianchi, Giovanni", "Pratesi, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360432", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 infection has been reported to be related with an increased risk of thrombotic complications because of the hypercoagulability state and inflammation. At the moment, no reports are available regarding thrombosis of prosthetic vascular grafts. We present the case of a patient with COVID-19-related pneumonia, who suffered from the acute thrombosis of a previously implanted aortic graft. A 67-year-old male patient, who had undergone open repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm with a bifurcated graft 6 years before, was admitted to the emergency department with high fever for a week without cough or dyspnea. Thoracic ultrasound showed signs of bilateral interstitial pneumonia, and the Sars-Cov-2 swab was positive. Antiretroviral therapy and prophylactic low molecular weight heparin treatment were initiated. Owing to the progressive impairment of the respiratory function, the patient was intubated after eight days from the admission, the day after he showed signs of bilateral acute limb ischemia. A duplex ultrasound demonstrated the complete thrombosis of the aortic graft without flow at the femoral level. An urgent angio-computed tomography scan for revascularization purpose was requested, but the patient died on the arrival in the radiological suite. Acute thrombosis of vascular prosthetic grafts is a possible, catastrophic complication of COVID-19 infection. In COVID-19 patients with prosthetic graft, an aggressive antithrombotic treatment could be considered to prevent such an event."}, {"pmid": 32205120, "pmcid": "PMC7270953", "title": "Traumatization in medical staff helping with COVID-19 control.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205120", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339240, "pmcid": "PMC7197546", "title": "A Novel Use of Zip Lock Bags: Preserving A Sense of Humanity During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["McGarvey, Caoimhe G A", "Maher-Donnelly, Martina", "Walsh, Paul A", "Moriarty, John P", "Keane, Ruaidhri J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339240", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391369, "pmcid": "PMC7193030", "title": "Use of Corticosteroids in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: A Systematic Review of the Literature.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Veronese, Nicola", "Demurtas, Jacopo", "Yang, Lin", "Tonelli, Roberto", "Barbagallo, Mario", "Lopalco, Pierluigi", "Lagolio, Erik", "Celotto, Stefano", "Pizzol, Damiano", "Zou, Liye", "Tully, Mark A", "Ilie, Petre Cristian", "Trott, Mike", "Lopez-Sanchez, Guillermo F", "Smith, Lee"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391369", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with COVID-19. A systematic search of the literature across nine databases was conducted from inception until 15th March 2020, following the PRISMA guidelines. Patients with a validated diagnosis of COVID-19 and using corticosteroids were included, considering all health outcomes. Four studies with 542 Chinese participants were included. Two studies reported negative findings regarding the use of corticosteroids in patients with COVID-19, i.e., corticosteroids had a detrimental impact on clinical outcomes. One study reported no significant association between the use of corticosteroids and clinical outcomes. However, one study, on 201 participants with different stages of pneumonia due to COVID-19, found that in more severe forms, the administration of methylprednisolone significantly reduced the risk of death by 62%. The literature to date does not fully support the routine use of corticosteroids in COVID-19, but some findings suggest that methylprednisolone could lower mortality rate in more severe forms of the condition."}, {"pmid": 32462467, "pmcid": "PMC7250736", "title": "Covid-19 and Kawasaki Disease: A Glimpse at the Past for a Predictable Future.", "journal": "Pediatr Cardiol", "authors": ["Calabri, Giovanni Battista", "Formigari, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462467", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502535, "pmcid": "PMC7265843", "title": "Virtual Cafes: An Innovative Way for Rapidly Disseminating Educational Best Practices and Building Community During COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Blankenburg, Rebecca", "Poitevien, Patricia", "Gonzalez Del Rey, Javier", "Degnon, Laura"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32172487, "pmcid": "PMC7089213", "title": "Back to the spring of 2020: facts and hope of COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Guangbiao", "Chen, Saijuan", "Chen, Zhu"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32172487", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404331, "title": "COVID-19 and Kawasaki Disease: Finding the Signal in the Noise.", "journal": "Hosp Pediatr", "authors": ["Schroeder, Alan R", "Wilson, Karen M", "Ralston, Shawn L"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404331", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299970, "title": "In other Covid-19 news.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299970", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327306, "pmcid": "PMC7167553", "title": "New paths for sustainable solutions to tackle global and emerging infectious threats.", "journal": "Biologicals", "authors": ["Holm, Anja"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the dramatic background of a newly emerged virus (SARS-CoV-2) spreading around the world, Coronavirus and other infectious health threats for the human and animal populations were illustrated and debated in excellent presentations at the IABS meeting 26-28 of February 2020. Historical evidence of pandemics and lessons learned from recent epidemics or epizootics caused by many pathogens (e.g., Ebola, Zika, and African Swine Fever viruses) illustrated the overarching need for close international cooperation. New and old technologies in vaccine development and their use were presented, resulting in a call for greater interaction between the human and the veterinary fields in order to leverage the expertise and knowledge in both human and animal medicine. The One Health concept was also emphasized for eliminating the 59,000 fatal human rabies cases annually attributed to unvaccinated dogs. For preventable, infectious diseases commonly spreading in the poorer regions of the world, a new regulatory approach and governance structure was called for to give access to affordable vaccines. Vaccines were touted as one of the most successful health invention ever introduced; on a similar level to health improvements due to clean water."}, {"pmid": 32185370, "pmcid": "PMC7075270", "title": "Information Typology in Coronavirus (COVID-19) Crisis; a Commentary.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ashrafi-Rizi, Hasan", "Kazempour, Zahra"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185370", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451230, "pmcid": "PMC7165284", "title": "Virtual assistance in oral medicine for prioritizing oral cancer diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol", "authors": ["Lopes, Marcio Ajudarte", "Santos-Silva, Alan Roger", "Vargas, Pablo Agustin", "Kowalski, Luiz Paulo"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451230", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381130, "pmcid": "PMC7231664", "title": "Coronavirus disease - 2019 assessment zone: A community hospital's rapid response to a novel infectious pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Mohindra, Rohit", "Atlin, Cori", "Moran, Carla", "Shook, Ann", "Ennis, Andrea", "Page, Jennifer", "Vaglica, Marisa", "Hannam, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381130", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519085, "title": "Facebook, Instagram, Reddit and TikTok: a proposal for health authorities to integrate popular social media platforms in contingency planning amid a global pandemic outbreak.", "journal": "Can J Public Health", "authors": ["Eghtesadi, Marzieh", "Florea, Adrian"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519085", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new severe respiratory coronavirus infection (COVID-19) was detected and has since spread across the globe to be ultimately declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. For physicians and allied medical professionals, the period since has been marked by an increased and rapidly changing flow of information from multiple regional, national and international health authorities, regulating bodies and professional associations. Although social media platforms have an active presence in the instant dissemination of information and medical professionals display active participation in them, traditional channels such as email are still being emphasized as a means of communication. This article discusses the opportunities offered by social media platforms such as Facebook, Reddit and TikTok to disseminate medical information both for the use of physicians and as a means to communicate essential information to the public at large."}, {"pmid": 32420621, "title": "Successful prevention and screening strategies for COVID-19: focus on patients with haematologic diseases.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Cho, Sung-Yeon", "Park, Sung-Soo", "Lee, Ji-Young", "Kim, Hee-Je", "Kim, Yoo-Jin", "Min, Chang-Ki", "Cho, Bin", "Lee, Dong-Gun", "Kim, Dong-Wook"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420621", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489931, "pmcid": "PMC7242288", "title": "Early minimal lesions of COVID-19 pneumonia with interstitial lung abnormality: a case description.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Lei, Shaoyang", "Wu, Yanhui", "Dong, Chunjiao", "Xing, Weihong", "Chen, Yingmin", "Jia, Xiuchuan", "Liu, Ronghui", "Wang, Lianqing", "Ye, Yufang", "Zhang, Shuqian"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489931", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350106, "title": "Current smoking is not associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Rossato, Marco", "Russo, Lucia", "Mazzocut, Sara", "Di Vincenzo, Angelo", "Fioretto, Paola", "Vettor, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350106", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513797, "title": "Suramin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell culture by interfering with early steps of the replication cycle.", "journal": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "authors": ["da Silva, Clarisse Salgado Benvindo", "Thaler, Melissa", "Tas, Ali", "Ogando, Natacha S", "Bredenbeek, Peter J", "Ninaber, Dennis K", "Wang, Ying", "Hiemstra, Pieter S", "Snijder, Eric J", "van Hemert, Martijn J"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513797", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic that originated from Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has impacted public health, society and economy and the daily lives of billions of people in an unprecedented manner. There are currently no specific registered antiviral drugs to treat or prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections. Therefore, drug repurposing would be the fastest route to provide at least a temporary solution while better, more specific drugs are being developed. Here we demonstrate that the antiparasitic drug suramin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication, protecting Vero E6 cells with an EC50 of \u223c20 \u03bcM, which is well below the maximum attainable level in human serum. Suramin also decreased the viral load by 2-3 logs when Vero E6 cells or cells of a human lung epithelial cell line (Calu-3) were treated. Time of addition and plaque reduction assays performed on Vero E6 cells showed that suramin acts on early steps of the replication cycle, possibly preventing binding or entry of the virus. In a primary human airway epithelial cell culture model, suramin also inhibited the progression of infection. The results of our preclinical study warrant further investigation and suggest it is worth evaluating whether suramin provides any benefit for COVID-19 patients, which obviously requires safety studies and well-designed, properly controlled randomized clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32330900, "pmcid": "PMC7179965", "title": "Editorial. COVID-19 and neurosurgical practice: an interim report.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Amin-Hanjani, Sepideh", "Bambakidis, Nicholas C", "Barker, Fred G", "Carter, Bob S", "Cockroft, Kevin M", "Du, Rose", "Fraser, Justin F", "Hamilton, Mark G", "Huang, Judy", "Jane, John A", "Jensen, Randy L", "Kaplitt, Michael G", "Kaufmann, Anthony M", "Pilitsis, Julie G", "Riina, Howard A", "Schulder, Michael", "Vogelbaum, Michael A", "Yang, Lynda J S", "Zada, Gabriel"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330900", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409561, "pmcid": "PMC7221473", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tang, Wei", "Cao, Zhujun", "Han, Mingfeng", "Wang, Zhengyan", "Chen, Junwen", "Sun, Wenjin", "Wu, Yaojie", "Xiao, Wei", "Liu, Shengyong", "Chen, Erzhen", "Chen, Wei", "Wang, Xiongbiao", "Yang, Jiuyong", "Lin, Jun", "Zhao, Qingxia", "Yan, Youqin", "Xie, Zhibin", "Li, Dan", "Yang, Yaofeng", "Liu, Leshan", "Qu, Jieming", "Ning, Guang", "Shi, Guochao", "Xie, Qing"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409561", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine plus standard of care compared with standard of care alone in adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). Multicentre, open label, randomised controlled trial. 16 government designated covid-19 treatment centres in China, 11 to 29 February 2020. 150 patients admitted to hospital with laboratory confirmed covid-19 were included in the intention to treat analysis (75 patients assigned to hydroxychloroquine plus standard of care, 75 to standard of care alone). Hydroxychloroquine administrated at a loading dose of 1200 mg daily for three days followed by a maintenance dose of 800 mg daily (total treatment duration: two or three weeks for patients with mild to moderate or severe disease, respectively). Negative conversion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by 28 days, analysed according to the intention to treat principle. Adverse events were analysed in the safety population in which hydroxychloroquine recipients were participants who received at least one dose of hydroxychloroquine and hydroxychloroquine non-recipients were those managed with standard of care alone. Of 150 patients, 148 had mild to moderate disease and two had severe disease. The mean duration from symptom onset to randomisation was 16.6 (SD 10.5; range 3-41) days. A total of 109 (73%) patients (56 standard of care; 53 standard of care plus hydroxychloroquine) had negative conversion well before 28 days, and the remaining 41 (27%) patients (19 standard of care; 22 standard of care plus hydroxychloroquine) were censored as they did not reach negative conversion of virus. The probability of negative conversion by 28 days in the standard of care plus hydroxychloroquine group was 85.4% (95% confidence interval 73.8% to 93.8%), similar to that in the standard of care group (81.3%, 71.2% to 89.6%). The difference between groups was 4.1% (95% confidence interval -10.3% to 18.5%). In the safety population, adverse events were recorded in 7/80 (9%) hydroxychloroquine non-recipients and in 21/70 (30%) hydroxychloroquine recipients. The most common adverse event in the hydroxychloroquine recipients was diarrhoea, reported in 7/70 (10%) patients. Two hydroxychloroquine recipients reported serious adverse events. Administration of hydroxychloroquine did not result in a significantly higher probability of negative conversion than standard of care alone in patients admitted to hospital with mainly persistent mild to moderate covid-19. Adverse events were higher in hydroxychloroquine recipients than in non-recipients. ChiCTR2000029868."}, {"pmid": 32223988, "pmcid": "PMC7194678", "title": "ECMO for ARDS due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Namendys-Silva, Silvio A"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223988", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498128, "title": "Position statement of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology Task Force on Quality of Life and Patient Oriented Outcomes on quality of life issues in dermatologic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Chernyshov, P V", "Tomas-Aragones, L", "Augustin, M", "Svensson, A", "Bewley, A", "Poot, F", "Szepietowski, J C", "Marron, S E", "Manolache, L", "Pustisek, N", "Suru, A", "Salavastru, C M", "Blome, C", "Salek, M S", "Abeni, D", "Sampogna, F", "Dalgard, F", "Linder, D", "Ewers, A", "Finlay, A Y"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498128", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of COVID-19 is a global challenge for health care and dermatologists are not standing apart from trying to meet this challenge. The European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) has collected recommendations from its Task Forces (TFs) related to COVID-19. The Journal of the EADV has established a COVID-19 Special Forum giving free access to related articles. The psychosocial effects of the pandemic, an increase in contact dermatitis and several other skin diseases because of stress, disinfectants and protective equipment use, especially in health care workers, the temporary limited access to dermatologic care, the dilemma whether or not to pause immunosuppressive therapy, and, finally, the occurrence of skin lesions in patients infected by COVID-19 all contribute to significant quality of life (QoL) impairment. Here we present detailed recommendations of the EADV TF on QoL and Patient Oriented Outcomes on how to improve QoL in dermatologic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic for several different groups of patients and for the general population."}, {"pmid": 32292248, "pmcid": "PMC7118609", "title": "NetNCSP: Nonoverlapping closed sequential pattern mining.", "journal": "Knowl Based Syst", "authors": ["Wu, Youxi", "Zhu, Changrui", "Li, Yan", "Guo, Lei", "Wu, Xindong"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292248", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sequential pattern mining (SPM) has been applied in many fields. However, traditional SPM neglects the pattern repetition in sequence. To solve this problem, gap constraint SPM was proposed and can avoid finding too many useless patterns. Nonoverlapping SPM, as a branch of gap constraint SPM, means that any two occurrences cannot use the same sequence letter in the same position as the occurrences. Nonoverlapping SPM can make a balance between efficiency and completeness. The frequent patterns discovered by existing methods normally contain redundant patterns. To reduce redundant patterns and improve the mining performance, this paper adopts the closed pattern mining strategy and proposes a complete algorithm, named Nettree for Nonoverlapping Closed Sequential Pattern (NetNCSP) based on the Nettree structure. NetNCSP is equipped with two key steps, support calculation and closeness determination. A backtracking strategy is employed to calculate the nonoverlapping support of a pattern on the corresponding Nettree, which reduces the time complexity. This paper also proposes three kinds of pruning strategies, inheriting, predicting, and determining. These pruning strategies are able to find the redundant patterns effectively since the strategies can predict the frequency and closeness of the patterns before the generation of the candidate patterns. Experimental results show that NetNCSP is not only more efficient but can also discover more closed patterns with good compressibility. Furtherly, in biological experiments NetNCSP mines the closed patterns in SARS-CoV-2 and SARS viruses. The results show that the two viruses are of similar pattern composition with different combinations."}, {"pmid": 32252508, "pmcid": "PMC7137568", "title": "Sharing Our Experience of Operating an Endoscopy Unit in the Midst of a COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Clin Endosc", "authors": ["Han, Jimin", "Kim, Eun Young"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252508", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385219, "pmcid": "PMC7203076", "title": "Global efforts on vaccines for COVID-19: Since, sooner or later, we all will catch the coronavirus.", "journal": "J Biosci", "authors": ["Mukherjee, Raju"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385219", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease that has turned into a pandemic. It spreads through droplet transmission of the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It is an RNA virus displaying a spike protein as the major surface protein with significant sequence similarity to SARS-CoV which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. The receptor binding domain of the spike protein interacts with the human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and is considered as the antigenic determinant for stimulating an immune response. While multiple candidate vaccines are currently under different stages of development, there are no known therapeutic interventions at the moment. This review describes the key genetic features that are being considered for generating vaccine candidates by employing innovative technologies. It also highlights the global efforts being undertaken to deliver vaccines for COVID-19 through unprecedented international cooperation and future challenges post development."}, {"pmid": 32442685, "pmcid": "PMC7235579", "title": "An invited commentary on \"Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice-part 1\". Impact of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on surgical practice: Time to embrace telehealth in surgery.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Purcell, Laura N", "Charles, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442685", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243122, "title": "COVID-19: a time of crisis, but also of surgical opportunity and optimism", "journal": "Can J Surg", "authors": ["Ball, Chad G."], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243122", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32100485, "pmcid": "PMC7082662", "title": "Chest Radiographic and CT Findings of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Analysis of Nine Patients Treated in Korea.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Yoon, Soon Ho", "Lee, Kyung Hee", "Kim, Jin Yong", "Lee, Young Kyung", "Ko, Hongseok", "Kim, Ki Hwan", "Park, Chang Min", "Kim, Yun Hyeon"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100485", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study presents a preliminary report on the chest radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia in Korea. As part of a multi-institutional collaboration coordinated by the Korean Society of Thoracic Radiology, we collected nine patients with COVID-19 infections who had undergone chest radiography and CT scans. We analyzed the radiographic and CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia at baseline. Fisher's exact test was used to compare CT findings depending on the shape of pulmonary lesions. Three of the nine patients (33.3%) had parenchymal abnormalities detected by chest radiography, and most of the abnormalities were peripheral consolidations. Chest CT images showed bilateral involvement in eight of the nine patients, and a unilobar reversed halo sign in the other patient. In total, 77 pulmonary lesions were found, including patchy lesions (39%), large confluent lesions (13%), and small nodular lesions (48%). The peripheral and posterior lung fields were involved in 78% and 67% of the lesions, respectively. The lesions were typically ill-defined and were composed of mixed ground-glass opacities and consolidation or pure ground-glass opacities. Patchy to confluent lesions were primarily distributed in the lower lobes (p = 0.040) and along the pleura (p < 0.001), whereas nodular lesions were primarily distributed along the bronchovascular bundles (p = 0.006). COVID-19 pneumonia in Korea primarily manifested as pure to mixed ground-glass opacities with a patchy to confluent or nodular shape in the bilateral peripheral posterior lungs. A considerable proportion of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia had normal chest radiographs."}, {"pmid": 32379637, "pmcid": "PMC7118596", "title": "Respiratory rehabilitation in elderly patients with COVID-19: A randomized controlled study.", "journal": "Complement Ther Clin Pract", "authors": ["Liu, Kai", "Zhang, Weitong", "Yang, Yadong", "Zhang, Jinpeng", "Li, Yunqian", "Chen, Ying"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379637", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Different degrees of disorders are reported in respiratory function, physical function and psychological function in patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially in elderly patients. With the experience of improved and discharged COVID-19 patients, timely respiratory rehabilitation intervention may improve prognosis, maximize functional preservation and improve quality of life (QoL), but there lacks of studies worldwide exploring the outcome of this intervention. To investigate the effects of 6-week respiratory rehabilitation training on respiratory function, QoL, mobility and psychological function in elderly patients with COVID-19. This paper reported the findings of an observational, prospective, quasi-experimental study, which totally recruited 72 participants, of which 36 patients underwent respiratory rehabilitation and the rest without any rehabilitation intervention. The following outcomes were measured: pulmonary function tests including plethysmography and diffusing lung capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO), functional tests (6-min walk distance test), Quality of life (QoL) assessments (SF-36 scores), activities of daily living (Functional Independence Measure, FIM scores), and mental status tests (SAS anxiety and SDS depression scores). After 6 weeks of respiratory rehabilitation in the intervention group, there disclosed significant differences in FEV1(L), FVC(L), FEV1/FVC%, DLCO% and 6-min walk test. The SF-36 scores, in 8 dimensions, were statistically significant within the intervention group and between the two groups. SAS and SDS scores in the intervention group decreased after the intervention, but only anxiety had significant statistical significance within and between the two groups. Six-week respiratory rehabilitation can improve respiratory function, QoL and anxiety of elderly patients with COVID-19, but it has little significant improvement on depression in the elderly."}, {"pmid": 32410206, "pmcid": "PMC7221339", "title": "Clinical characteristics and drug therapies in patients with the common-type coronavirus disease 2019 in Hunan, China.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pharm", "authors": ["Huang, Qiong", "Deng, Xuanyu", "Li, Yongzhong", "Sun, Xuexiong", "Chen, Qiong", "Xie, Mingxuan", "Liu, Shao", "Qu, Hui", "Liu, Shouxian", "Wang, Ling", "He, Gefei", "Gong, Zhicheng"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410206", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Clinical characteristics of patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may present differently within and outside the epicenter of Wuhan, China. More clinical investigations are needed. Objective The study was aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and therapeutic methods of COVID-19 patients in Hunan, China. Setting The First Hospital of Changsha, First People's Hospital of Huaihua, and the Central Hospital of Loudi, Hunan province, China. Methods This was a retrospective multi-center case-series analysis. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis hospitalized at the study centers from January 17 to February 10, 2020, were included. The following data were obtained from electronic medical records: demographics, medical history, exposure history, underlying comorbidities, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, computer tomography scans, and treatment measures. Main outcome measure Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatments. Results A total of 54 patients were included (51 had the common-type COVID-19, three had the severe-type), the median age was 41, and 52% of them were men. The median time from the first symptoms to hospital admission was seven days. Among patients with the common-type COVID-19, the median length of stay was nine days, and 21\u00a0days among patients with severe COVID-19. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness were fever (74.5%), cough (56.9%), and fatigue (43.1%) among patients in the common-type group. Fourteen patients (37.8%) had a reduced WBC count, 23 (62.2%) had reduced eosinophil ratio, and 21 (56.76%) had decreased eosinophil count. The most common patterns on chest-computed tomography were ground-glass opacity (52.2%) and patchy bilateral shadowing (73.9%). Pharmacotherapy included recombinant human interferon \u03b12b, lopinavir/ritonavir, novaferon, antibiotics, systematic corticosteroids and traditional Chinese medicine prescription. The outcome of treatment indicated that in patients with the common-type COVID-19, interferon-\u03b12b, but not novaferon, had some benefits, antibiotics treatment was not needed, and corticosteroids should be used cautiously. Conclusion As of February 10, 2020, the symptoms of COVID-19 patients in Hunan province were relatively mild comparing to patients in Wuhan, the epicenter. We observed some treatment benefits with interferon-\u03b12b and corticosteroid therapies but not with novaferon and antibiotic treatment in our study population."}, {"pmid": 32324968, "pmcid": "PMC7264673", "title": "Does high cardiorespiratory fitness confer some protection against pro-inflammatory responses after infection by SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Zbinden-Foncea, Hermann", "Francaux, Marc", "Deldicque, Louise", "Hawley, John A"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324968", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) originated in China in late 2019 and has since spread rapidly to every continent in the world. This pandemic continues to cause widespread personal suffering, along with severe pressure on medical and health care providers. The symtoms of SARS-CoV-2 and the subsequent prognosis is worsened in individuals who have pre-exisiting comorbidities prior to infection by the virus. Individuals with obesity/overweight, insulin resistance and diabetes typically have chronic low-grade inflammation characterized by increased levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and the inflammasome: this state predisposes to greater risk for infection along with more adverse outcomes. Here we consider whether a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness induced by prior exercise training may confer some innate immune-protection against Covid-19 by attenuating the \"cytokine storm syndrome\" often experienced by \"at risk\" individuals."}, {"pmid": 32297925, "pmcid": "PMC7184375", "title": "Sequential analysis of viral load in a neonate and her mother infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Han, Mi Seon", "Seong, Moon-Woo", "Heo, Eun Young", "Park, Ji Hong", "Kim, Namhee", "Shin, Sue", "Cho, Sung Im", "Park, Sung Sup", "Choi, Eun Hwa"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297925", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report changes in viral load over time in a 27-day old neonate with COVID-19 who presented with fever, cough, and vomiting. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in the nasopharynx, oropharynx, stool, saliva, plasma, and urine. The highest viral RNA copies in nasopharynx decreased over time while viral load in stool remained high."}, {"pmid": 32363386, "pmcid": "PMC7239173", "title": "Smoking Cessation During the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Eisenberg, Sarah-Leah", "Eisenberg, Mark J"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363386", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209384, "pmcid": "PMC7163181", "title": "Wuhan and Hubei COVID-19 mortality analysis reveals the critical role of timely supply of medical resources.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Zuqin", "Yao, Wei", "Wang, Yan", "Long, Cheng", "Fu, Xinmiao"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209384", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338155, "pmcid": "PMC7241459", "title": "Rheumotologitsts' view on the use of hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Sun, Xiaoxuan", "Ni, Yicheng", "Zhang, Miaojia"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338155", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) calls urgently for effective therapies. Anti-malarial medicine chloroquine (CQ) and particularly its chemical analogue hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have been recommended as promising candidate therapeutics that are now under either compassionate off-label use or clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. However, there are public concerns and disputes about both the safety and efficacy of CQ and HCQ for this new application. Given the fact that for decades HCQ has been approved as an immunomodulatory drug for the long term treatment of chronic rheumatic diseases, as experienced rheumatologists, we would like to share our thoughts in this regard and trigger a brainstorm among clinical care providers for exchanging their diverse opinions on this urgent topic."}, {"pmid": 32463704, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: A View From Vietnam.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Trevisan, Maurizio", "Le, Linh Cu", "Le, Anh Vu"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463704", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Vietnam can be considered a success story in its handling of the COVID-19 pandemic. As of April 27, 2020, the country has had 270 cases (225 recovered), no deaths, and no new cases for the past 10 days (since April 18). On Friday, April 24, two new cases were identified at the airport, but both cases were quarantined at arrival. We provide a few take-home lessons from the Vietnam experience. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print May 28, 2020: e1-e2. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305751)."}, {"pmid": 32305209, "pmcid": "PMC7146701", "title": "Preparing pharmacy for the surge of patients with COVID-19: Lessons from China.", "journal": "J Am Pharm Assoc (2003)", "authors": ["Stergachis, Andy"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379727, "title": "Improving Detection and Response to Respiratory Events - Kenya, April 2016-April 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Idubor, Osatohamwen I", "Kobayashi, Miwako", "Ndegwa, Linus", "Okeyo, Mary", "Galgalo, Tura", "Kalani, Rosalia", "Githii, Susan", "Hunsperger, Elizabeth", "Balajee, Arunmozhi", "Verani, Jennifer R", "da Gloria Carvalho, Maria", "Winchell, Jonas", "Van Beneden, Chris A", "Widdowson, Marc-Alain", "Makayotto, Lyndah", "Chaves, Sandra S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379727", "countries": ["Kenya"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory pathogens, such as novel influenza A viruses, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and now, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are of particular concern because of their high transmissibility and history of global spread (1). Clusters of severe respiratory disease are challenging to investigate, especially in resource-limited settings, and disease etiology often is not well understood. In 2014, endorsed by the Group of Seven (G7),* the Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) was established to help build country capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to infectious disease threats.\u2020 GHSA is a multinational, multisectoral collaboration to support countries towards full implementation of the World Health Organization's International Health Regulations (IHR).\u00a7 Initially, 11 technical areas for collaborator participation were identified to meet GHSA goals. CDC developed the Detection and Response to Respiratory Events (DaRRE) strategy in 2014 to enhance country capacity to identify and control respiratory disease outbreaks. DaRRE initiatives support the four of 11 GHSA technical areas that CDC focuses on: surveillance, laboratory capacity, emergency operations, and workforce development.\u00b6 In 2016, Kenya was selected to pilot DaRRE because of its existing respiratory disease surveillance and laboratory platforms and well-developed Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program (FELTP) (2). During 2016-2020, Kenya's DaRRE partners (CDC, the Kenya Ministry of Health [MoH], and Kenya's county public health officials) conceptualized, planned, and implemented key components of DaRRE. Activities were selected based on existing capacity and determined by the Kenya MoH and included 1) expansion of severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) surveillance sites; 2) piloting of community event-based surveillance; 3) expansion of laboratory diagnostic capacity; 4) training of public health practitioners in detection, investigation, and response to respiratory threats; and 5) improvement of response capacity by the national emergency operations center (EOC). Progress on DaRRE activity implementation was assessed throughout the process. This pilot in Kenya demonstrated that DaRRE can support IHR requirements and can capitalize on a country's existing resources by tailoring tools to improve public health preparedness based on countries' needs."}, {"pmid": 32277598, "title": "Going Virtual to Support Anatomy Education: A STOPGAP in the Midst of the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anat Sci Educ", "authors": ["Evans, Darrell J R", "Bay, Boon Huat", "Wilson, Timothy D", "Smith, Claire F", "Lachman, Nirusha", "Pawlina, Wojciech"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277598", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296247, "pmcid": "PMC7158819", "title": "[Treatment of the COVID-19 pandemic: Preventing a missed opportunity].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Corral Gudino, L"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296247", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314559, "pmcid": "PMC7231470", "title": "Zoonotic origins of human coronavirus 2019 (HCoV-19 / SARS-CoV-2): why is this work important?", "journal": "Zool Res", "authors": ["Wong, Gary", "Bi, Yu-Hai", "Wang, Qi-Hui", "Chen, Xin-Wen", "Zhang, Zhi-Gang", "Yao, Yong-Gang"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314559", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with human coronavirus 2019 (HCoV-19 / SARS-CoV-2 / 2019-nCoV), is a global threat to the human population. Here, we briefly summarize the available data for the zoonotic origins of HCoV-19, with reference to the other two epidemics of highly virulent coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which cause severe pneumonia in humans. We propose to intensify future efforts for tracing the origins of HCoV-19, which is a very important scientific question for the control and prevention of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32197339, "pmcid": "PMC7151043", "title": "Point-of-Care RNA-Based Diagnostic Device for COVID-19.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Yang, Ting", "Wang, Yung-Chih", "Shen, Ching-Fen", "Cheng, Chao-Min"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197339", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a fast-spreading respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was reported in Wuhan, China and has now affected over 123 countries globally [...]."}, {"pmid": 32152059, "pmcid": "PMC7062433", "title": "Proposed protocol to keep COVID-19 out of hospitals.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Glauser, Wendy"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32152059", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438826, "title": "Supporting People With Diabetes, Through COVID-19 and Beyond.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Boulton, Chris"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438826", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I have learned that we should never take the lives we lead for granted, and it is important for all of us to focus on the simple things that matter the most in everything we do. This is never more true than working for a pharmaceutical company at this time."}, {"pmid": 32509485, "pmcid": "PMC7270942", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection Associated With Antiphospholipid Antibodies and Four-Extremity Deep Vein thrombosis in a Previously Healthy Female.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Sung, Joowhan", "Anjum, Seher"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509485", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection caused by novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome\u00a0coronavirus\u00a02, SARS-CoV-2) has been associated with coagulopathy. We present a case of a previously healthy 49-year-old female who was admitted to the hospital for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and later found to have extensive deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in all four extremities. This was accompanied by a steep rise in D-dimer levels and positive antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) on further testing. She clinically improved on hydroxychloroquine and therapeutic anticoagulation. This is one of the first case reports describing APLA-associated DVT in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia. Transient elevation of APLA from the viral illness may play a role in thrombosis associated with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32328954, "pmcid": "PMC7180681", "title": "Clinical Pathway for Early Diagnosis of COVID-19: Updates from Experience to Evidence-Based Practice.", "journal": "Clin Rev Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Xu, Guogang", "Yang, Yongshi", "Du, Yingzhen", "Peng, Fujun", "Hu, Peng", "Wang, Runsheng", "Yin, Ming", "Li, Tianzhi", "Tu, Lei", "Sun, Jinlyu", "Jiang, Taijiao", "Chang, Christopher"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328954", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a significant global event in the history of infectious diseases. The SARS-CoV-2 appears to have originated from bats but is now easily transmissible among humans, primarily through droplet or direct contact. Clinical features of COVID-19 include high fever, cough, and fatigue which may progress to ARDS. Respiratory failure can occur rapidly after this. The primary laboratory findings include lymphopenia and eosinopenia. Elevated D-dimer, procalcitonin, and CRP levels may correlate with disease severity. Imaging findings include ground-glass opacities and patchy consolidation on CT scan. Mortality is higher in patients with hypertension, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, and COPD. Elderly patients are more susceptible to severe disease and death, while children seem to have lower rates of infection and lower mortality. Diagnostic criteria and the identification of persons under investigation have evolved as more data has emerged. However, the approach to diagnosis is still very variable from region to region, country to country, and even among different hospitals in the same city. The importance of a clinical pathway to implement the most effective and relevant diagnostic strategy is of critical importance to establish the control of this virus that is responsible for more and more deaths each day."}, {"pmid": 32461625, "pmcid": "PMC7251218", "title": "Covid-19 and the need for perinatal mental health professionals: now more than ever before.", "journal": "J Perinatol", "authors": ["Hynan, Michael T"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461625", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209559, "title": "Doctors' wellbeing: self-care during the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Unadkat, Shreena", "Farquhar, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209559", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452756, "title": "COVID-19: Nephrology preparedness checklist.", "journal": "Clin Nephrol", "authors": ["Geara, Abdallah S", "Neyra, Javier A"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452756", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473390, "pmcid": "PMC7253980", "title": "A review of South Indian medicinal plant has the ability to combat against deadly viruses along with COVID-19?", "journal": "Microb Pathog", "authors": ["Divya, Mani", "Vijayakumar, Sekar", "Chen, Jingdi", "Vaseeharan, Baskaralingam", "Duran-Lara, Esteban F"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473390", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV2 is a source of coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19), this is considered as a fatal disease to universal communal health apprehension. This rapid pathogenic virus plays an important role in finding the pathogenic virus, treatment and prevention of pandemics. Virus can present everywhere in Global village. As it is virus it can extend easily and cause severe illness to the society. Hence, an efficient international attentiveness of plan is necessary to the prediction and prevention. In this review, epidemic outbreak, clinical findings, prevention recommendations of COVID-19 and suggestive medicinal value of south Indian plant sources has been discussed. Though the varieties of improved approaches have been taken in scientific and medicinal concern, we have to pay attention on medicinal value of the plant based sources to prevent these types of endemic diseases. This is one of the suggestive and effective ways to control the spreading of viruses. In future its required to provide medicinal plant based clinical products (Masks, sanitizers, soap etc.) with better techniques by clinicians to contend the scarcity and expose towards the nature based medicine rather than chemical drugs. This could be a benchmark for the economical clinical trials of specific plant material to treat the viral diseases."}, {"pmid": 32060933, "pmcid": "PMC7165814", "title": "2019_nCoV/SARS-CoV-2: rapid classification of betacoronaviruses and identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine as potential origin of zoonotic coronaviruses.", "journal": "Lett Appl Microbiol", "authors": ["Wassenaar, T M", "Zou, Y"], "date": "2020-02-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32060933", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-like coronavirus, 2019_nCoV\u00a0(now named SARS-CoV-2), illustrated difficulties in identifying a novel coronavirus and its natural host, as the coding sequences of various Betacoronavirus species can be highly diverse. By means of whole-genome sequence comparisons, we demonstrate that the noncoding flanks of the viral genome can be used to correctly separate the recognized four betacoronavirus subspecies. The conservation would be sufficient to define target sequences that could, in theory, classify novel virus species into their subspecies. Only 253 upstream noncoding sequences of Sarbecovirus are sufficient to identify genetic similarities between species of this subgenus. Furthermore, it was investigated which bat species have commercial value in China, and would thus likely be handled for trading purposes. A number of coronavirus genomes have been published that were obtained from such bat species. These bats are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, and their handling poses a potential risk to cause zoonotic coronavirus epidemics. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The noncoding upstream and downstream flanks of coronavirus genomes allow for rapid classification of novel Betacoronavirus species and correct identification of genetic relationships. Although bats are the likely natural host of 2019_nCoV, the exact bat species that serves as the natural host of the virus remains as yet unknown. Chinese bat species with commercial value were identified as natural reservoirs of coronaviruses and are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Since their trading provides a potential risk for spreading zoonoses, a change in these practices is highly recommended."}, {"pmid": 32275858, "pmcid": "PMC7141480", "title": "COVID-19, school closures, and child poverty: a social crisis in the making.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Van Lancker, Wim", "Parolin, Zachary"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275858", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389754, "pmcid": "PMC7204716", "title": "RILI model and the Covid-19 pneumonia: The radiation oncologist point of view.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Lazzari, Grazia", "Silvano, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389754", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472566, "title": "\"COVID-Mask\": an atypical livedoid manifestation of COVID-19 observed in a northern Italy hospital.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Conforti, Claudio", "Zalaudek, Iris", "Giuffrida, Roberta", "Zorat, Francesca", "Grillo, Andrea", "Colapietro, Nina", "Francica, Morena", "di Meo, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472566", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364809, "title": "Inpatient teledermatology during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Rismiller, Kyle", "Cartron, Alexander M", "Trinidad, John C L"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364809", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a global health crisis in which personal protective equipment has become increasingly limited. Dermatologists are poised to use technology, such as teledermatology, to innovate existing workflows and optimize dermatologic care. The state of Ohio has emerged as a leader in the United States with its response to the COVID-19 crisis. In response to the COVID-19 crisis, we developed a simple algorithm and strict guidelines to prioritize telemedicine specifically for inpatient dermatology consults. This algorithm was quickly accepted by our hospital leadership and adopted by other inpatient consultative services. In this Viewpoint, we share our experience with early adoption of teledermatology in the inpatient consultative setting in light of the COVID-19 crisis. We also highlight the limitations, ethical considerations, and areas for future research with respect to the implementation of teledermatology."}, {"pmid": 32525801, "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on Canadian urology residents.", "journal": "Can Urol Assoc J", "authors": ["Chan, Ernest Pang", "Stringer, Leandra", "Wang, Peter Z T", "Dave, Sumit", "Campbell, Jeffrey D"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525801", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298150, "title": "Radiologic Findings of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Clinical Correlation Is Recommended.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Kooraki, Soheil", "Hosseiny, Melina", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298150", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398918, "pmcid": "PMC7217112", "title": "Impact of COVID 19 lockdown on orthopaedic surgeons in India: A survey.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Sahu, Dipit", "Agrawal, Tushar", "Rathod, Vaibhavi", "Bagaria, Vaibhav"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398918", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the fight against COVID 19, the government of India announced a 3 weeks lockdown of the entire country of 1.3 billion people on 24th March 2020. One week after the lockdown was announced, we conducted an anonymous online survey of the orthopaedic surgeons in India through social media platforms to assess the impact of the lockdown during COVID 19. The survey had a total of 13 questions with (3-5) options and was designed with an aim to understand the perception and the state of mind of the Orthopaedic surgeons in the lockdown situation. The survey was completed by 611 orthopaedic surgeons from 140 cities in India. There were 22.5% orthopaedic surgeons who said that they were definitely stressed out, and 40.5% who said they were mildly stressed out. As the age decreased, the percentage of orthopaedic surgeons feeling \"definitely stressed out\" increased. Disruption of life-work balance and uncertainties regarding return to work were other strongly associated factors with the \"definitely stressed out\" group. The psychological impact of the lockdown during COVID 19 on orthopaedic surgeons may become a potential concern that will require addressal through open discussion. diagnostic level 4."}, {"pmid": 32318327, "pmcid": "PMC7169892", "title": "Potential therapeutic effects of dipyridamole in the severely ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Pharm Sin B", "authors": ["Liu, Xiaoyan", "Li, Zhe", "Liu, Shuai", "Sun, Jing", "Chen, Zhanghua", "Jiang, Min", "Zhang, Qingling", "Wei, Yinghua", "Wang, Xin", "Huang, Yi-You", "Shi, Yinyi", "Xu, Yanhui", "Xian, Huifang", "Bai, Fan", "Ou, Changxing", "Xiong, Bei", "Lew, Andrew M", "Cui, Jun", "Fang, Rongli", "Huang, Hui", "Zhao, Jincun", "Hong, Xuechuan", "Zhang, Yuxia", "Zhou, Fuling", "Luo, Hai-Bin"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318327", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypercoagulability, hypertension, and multiorgan dysfunction. Effective antivirals with safe clinical profile are urgently needed to improve the overall prognosis. In an analysis of a randomly collected cohort of 124 patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), we found that hypercoagulability as indicated by elevated concentrations of D-dimers was associated with disease severity. By virtual screening of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug library, we identified an anticoagulation agent dipyridamole (DIP) in silico, which suppressed SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. In a proof-of-concept trial involving 31 patients with COVID-19, DIP supplementation was associated with significantly decreased concentrations of D-dimers (P<0.05), increased lymphocyte and platelet recovery in the circulation, and markedly improved clinical outcomes in comparison to the control patients. In particular, all 8 of the DIP-treated severely ill patients showed remarkable improvement: 7 patients (87.5%) achieved clinical cure and were discharged from the hospitals while the remaining 1 patient (12.5%) was in clinical remission."}, {"pmid": 32516174, "title": "Untying the knot: Acute variceal bleeding in a COVID-19 patient. What should the gastroenterologist keep in mind?.", "journal": "Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Papanikolaou, Ioannis S", "Lazaridis, Lazaros-Dimitrios", "Rizos, Evripidis", "Miltiadou, Constantinos", "Triantafyllou, Konstantinos"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516174", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420941, "title": "Novel coronavirus infection and children.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Cavallo, Federica", "Rossi, Nadia", "Chiarelli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420941", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its outbreak in many states of the world, forced the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a pandemic. Currently, COVID-19 has infected 1 991 562 patients causing 130 885 deaths globally as of 16 April 2020. The aim of this review is to underline the epidemiological, clinical and management characteristics in children affected by COVID-19. We searched Pubmed, from January to April 2020, for the following search terms: \"COVID-19\", \"children\", \"SARS-COV2\", \"complications\", \"epidemiology\", \"clinical features\", focusing our attention mostly on epidemiology and symptoms of COVID-19 in children. Usually, infants and children present milder symptoms of the disease with a better outcome than adults. Consequently, children may be considered an infection reservoir that may play a role as spreader of the infection in community."}, {"pmid": 32236303, "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia: what is the role of imaging in diagnosis?", "journal": "J Bras Pneumol", "authors": ["Araujo-Filho, Jose de Arimateia Batista", "Sawamura, Marcio Valente Yamada", "Costa, Andre Nathan", "Cerri, Giovanni Guido", "Nomura, Cesar Higa"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236303", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489176, "pmcid": "PMC7268272", "title": "Rapid response infrastructure for pandemic preparedness in a tertiary care hospital: lessons learned from the COVID-19 outbreak in Cologne, Germany, February to March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Augustin, Max", "Schommers, Philipp", "Suarez, Isabelle", "Koehler, Philipp", "Gruell, Henning", "Klein, Florian", "Maurer, Christian", "Langerbeins, Petra", "Priesner, Vanessa", "Schmidt-Hellerau, Kirsten", "Malin, Jakob J", "Stecher, Melanie", "Jung, Norma", "Wiesmuller, Gerhard", "Meissner, Arne", "Zweigner, Janine", "Langebartels, Georg", "Kolibay, Felix", "Suarez, Victor", "Burst, Volker", "Valentin, Philippe", "Schedler, Dirk", "Cornely, Oliver A", "Hallek, Michael", "Fatkenheuer, Gerd", "Rybniker, Jan", "Lehmann, Clara"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489176", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused tremendous pressure on hospital infrastructures such as emergency rooms (ER) and outpatient departments. To avoid malfunctioning of critical services because of large numbers of potentially infected patients seeking consultation, we established a COVID-19 rapid response infrastructure (CRRI), which instantly restored ER functionality. The CRRI was also used for testing of hospital personnel, provided epidemiological data and was a highly effective response to increasing numbers of suspected COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32215647, "title": "Management of Critically Ill Adults With COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Poston, Jason T", "Patel, Bhakti K", "Davis, Andrew M"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215647", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349051, "pmcid": "PMC7219831", "title": "Early Acute Respiratory Support for Pregnant Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Pacheco, Luis D", "Saad, Antonio F", "Saade, George"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349051", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is affecting pregnant patients worldwide. Although it appears that the severity of disease is reduced in pregnant patients, some are likely to develop severe disease. Our objective is to summarize the basic initial respiratory support interventions recommended for pregnant patients with infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)."}, {"pmid": 32422177, "pmcid": "PMC7228737", "title": "Pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19: a call to arms?", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Spagnolo, Paolo", "Balestro, Elisabetta", "Aliberti, Stefano", "Cocconcelli, Elisabetta", "Biondini, Davide", "Casa, Giovanni Della", "Sverzellati, Nicola", "Maher, Toby M"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422177", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530411, "title": "Pulmonary Embolism in Covid-19. Coagulation Parameters, Close Monitoring to Prevent?", "journal": "Turk Thorac J", "authors": ["Annunziata, Anna", "Imitazione, Pasquale", "Polistina, Giorgio Emanuele", "Lanza, Maurizia", "Coppola, Antonietta", "Fiorentino, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530411", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464658, "title": "The Emergence of COVID-19 in the U.S.: A Public Health and Political Communication Crisis.", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Gollust, Sarah E", "Nagler, Rebekah H", "Fowler, Erika Franklin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464658", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus public health crisis is also a political-communication and health-communication crisis. In this commentary, we describe the key communication-related phenomena and evidence of concerning effects manifested in the U.S. during the initial response to the pandemic. We outline the conditions of communication about coronavirus that contribute toward deleterious outcomes, including partisan cueing, conflicting science, downplayed threats, emotional arousal, fragmented media, and Trump's messaging. We suggest these have contributed toward divergent responses by media sources, partisan leaders, and the public alike, leading to different attitudes and beliefs as well as varying protective actions taken by members of the public to reduce their risk. In turn, these divergent communication phenomena will likely amplify geographic variation in and inequities in COVID-19 disease outcomes. We conclude with some suggestions for future research, particularly surrounding communication about health inequity and strategies for reducing partisan divergence in views of public health issues in the future."}, {"pmid": 32266610, "pmcid": "PMC7137540", "title": "Erratum to: Bat origin of a new human coronavirus: there and back again.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Li, Xiang", "Song, Yuhe", "Wong, Gary", "Cui, Jie"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266610", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We miscalculated identities of several genes, and the corrected Table 1 should be as follows."}, {"pmid": 32437881, "pmcid": "PMC7207114", "title": "Pediatrician Attitudes Toward and Experiences With Telehealth Use: Results From a National Survey.", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Sisk, Blake", "Alexander, Joshua", "Bodnar, Chelsea", "Curfman, Alison", "Garber, Kelli", "McSwain, S David", "Perrin, James M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437881", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The American Academy of Pediatrics 2015 policy statement on telehealth proposed that telehealth could increase access to high-quality pediatric care and that pediatricians should work to reduce barriers to telehealth for their patients. However, little is known about pediatricians' experiences with and attitudes toward telehealth. Data from a nationally representative survey of American Academy of Pediatrics postresidency US member pediatricians in 2016, restricted to respondents providing direct patient care (n\u00a0=\u00a0744; response rate\u00a0=\u00a048.7%). Survey collected information on experience with telehealth in the previous 12 months, perceived barriers to telehealth incorporation, and conditions under which nonusers would consider using telehealth. In addition to descriptive statistics, we used multivariable logistic regression to examine characteristics associated with any telehealth experience in the past 12 months. Fifteen percent of pediatricians reported any telehealth use in the 12 months prior to the survey. The most commonly reported barriers to telehealth adoption were insufficient payment and billing issues. Multivariable regression models indicated that pediatricians in rural areas, the West, and subspecialists were most likely to report telehealth use, and identifying barriers was negatively associated with telehealth use. Among nonusers, over half indicated they would consider adopting telehealth if they were paid for the visits. Telehealth is considered an important health care delivery mechanism, but only 15% of pediatricians in 2016 reported having used telehealth. Reducing barriers will be instrumental in promoting future telehealth adoption. Many barriers have been reduced during the response to COVID-19, and the impact of these policy changes will need further study."}, {"pmid": 32425647, "pmcid": "PMC7229726", "title": "Covid-19 accelerates endothelial dysfunction and nitric oxide deficiency.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Green, Shawn J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425647", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239591, "pmcid": "PMC7228333", "title": "Clinical characteristics of non-ICU hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and liver injury: A retrospective study.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Xie, Hansheng", "Zhao, Jianming", "Lian, Ningfang", "Lin, Su", "Xie, Qunfang", "Zhuo, Huichang"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239591", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has raised world concern for global epidemic since December, 2019. Limited data are available for liver function in COVID-19 patients. We aimed to investigate the risk factors related to liver injury in the COVID-19 patients. A retrospective study was performed in non-ICU Ward at Jinyintan Hospital from February 2, 2020 to February 23, 2020. Consecutively confirmed COVID-19 discharged cases were enrolled. The clinical characteristics of patients with liver injury and without liver injury were compared. A total of 79 COVID-19 patients were included. 31.6%, 35.4% and 5.1% COVID-19 patients had elevated levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and bilirubin respectively. Median value of ALT, AST and bilirubin for entire cohort was 36.5 (17.5\u00a0~\u00a071.5) U/L, 34.5 (25.3\u00a0~\u00a055.3) U/L and 12.7 (8.1\u00a0~\u00a015.4) mmol/L respectively. There were no significant differences in age, previous medical history and symptoms between the two groups. Males were more likely to have liver injury when infected with COVID-19 (P\u00a0<\u00a0.05); compared with patients without liver injury, patients with liver injury had increased levels of white blood cell counts, neutrophils, CRP and CT score (P\u00a0<\u00a0.05) and had a longer length of stay (P\u00a0<\u00a0.05). Logistic regression analyses suggested that the extent of pulmonary lesions on CT was a predictor of liver function damage (P\u00a0<\u00a0.05). Liver injury is common in non-ICU hospitalized COVID-19 patients. It may be related to systemic inflammation. Intense monitoring and evaluation of liver function in patients with severe pulmonary imaging lesions should be considered."}, {"pmid": 32311142, "pmcid": "PMC7264791", "title": "Serological tests facilitate identification of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wu, Xiaodong", "Fu, Bo", "Chen, Lang", "Feng, Yong"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311142", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Wuhan City has ended the lockdown and people have been allowed to resume working since April 8 if meeting a set of COVID-19-associated tests including SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test (NAT) of nasopharyngeal swabs, chest CT scan or a SARS-CoV-2-specific serological test. Here, we reported the positive rate of COVID-19 tests based on NAT, chest CT scan and a serological SARS-CoV-2 test, from April 3 to 15 in one hospital in Qingshan Destrict, Wuhan. We observed a ~10% SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG positive rate from 1,402 tests. Combination of SARS-CoV-2 NAT and a specific serological test might facilitate the detection of COVID-19 infection, or the asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects. Large-scale investigation is required to evaluate the herd immunity of the city, for the resuming people and for the re-opened city. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32250655, "title": "Call to Action: Announcing the Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Health and Medicine COVID-19 Support Registry.", "journal": "J Altern Complement Med", "authors": ["Weeks, John"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250655", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514683, "title": "Systematic review of the prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China: could nicotine be a therapeutic option?: Comment.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Rajput, Dinesh Vijay"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514683", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a comment on the low prevalence of smokers in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, citing the possible role of squamous cell metaplasia, which is commonly associated with smokers."}, {"pmid": 32446500, "pmcid": "PMC7203042", "title": "Ultra-portable low-cost improvised powered air-purifying respirator: feasibility study.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Khoo, Deborah", "Yen, Ching-Chiuan", "Chow, Wai Tung", "Jain, Pravar", "Loh, Ne-Hooi Will", "Teo, Wei Wei", "Koh, Calvin"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446500", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238979, "title": "'Dental Hierarchy of Needs' in the COVID-19 Era - or Why Treat When It Doesn't Hurt?", "journal": "Oral Health Prev Dent", "authors": ["Berlin-Broner, Yuli", "Levin, Liran"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473504, "pmcid": "PMC7247986", "title": "Strategy of using personal protective equipment during aerosol generating medical procedures with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Zhang, Mingzhu", "Zheng, Hui", "Wang, Jingping"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473504", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324675, "pmcid": "PMC7273854", "title": "COVID-19 in the Year of the Nurse.", "journal": "J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care", "authors": ["Treston, Carole"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324675", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145187, "pmcid": "PMC7124610", "title": "Has China faced only a herald wave of SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Flahault, Antoine"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145187", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241762, "title": "Covid-19: Can France's ethical support units help doctors make challenging decisions?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Arie, Sophie"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241762", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482653, "title": "No SLE with COVID-19 in Hong Kong: the effect of masking?", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["So, Ho", "Mak, Joyce Wing Yan", "Tam, Lai-Shan"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482653", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with interests the report by Favalli on the incidence of COVID-19 in Italian patients with connective tissue diseases [1]. None of the 61 patients with SLE surveyed was confirmed to have COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32305287, "pmcid": "PMC7162739", "title": "Severe Acute Proximal Pulmonary Embolism and COVID-19: A Word of Caution.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Fabre, Olivier", "Rebet, Olivier", "Carjaliu, Ionut", "Radutoiu, Mihai", "Gautier, Laurence", "Hysi, Ilir"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305287", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute pulmonary embolism is an uncharacteristic presentation in patients with COVID-19. Here we describe the case of a young woman presenting with severe pulmonary embolism, without any associated symptoms of infections. A clot in a patent foramen ovale was noted. Despite emergency surgical embolectomy, her clinical conditions continued to deteriorate. She was put on extracorporeal life support and tested positive for COVID-19. She died of multiorgan failure on day 10. COVID-19 may have a thrombogenic effect and it may need to be considered in cases of pulmonary embolism and in absence of any obvious risk factor."}, {"pmid": 32461227, "pmcid": "PMC7254130", "title": "Universal masking for COVID-19: evidence, ethics and recommendations.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Chan, Tak Kwong"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461227", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363216, "pmcid": "PMC7194876", "title": "Epidemiological update on SARS-CoV-2 infection in Spain. Comments on the management of infection in pediatrics.", "journal": "An Pediatr (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Calvo, Cristina", "Tagarro, Alfredo", "Otheo, Enrique", "Epalza, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363216", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291103, "pmcid": "PMC7132448", "title": "Several potential risks of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia outbreaks in hospitals.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Wen, Xianjie", "Ling, Chen", "Li, Yiqun"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291103", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358250, "pmcid": "PMC7223578", "title": "Protective Device during Airway Management in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Rahmoune, Farid Chakib", "Ben Yahia, Mohamed Mehdi", "Hajjej, Ridha", "Pic, Solene", "Chatti, Kais"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358250", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363981, "title": "Moral Distress in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Nurs Res", "authors": ["Cacchione, Pamela Z"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363981", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354666, "pmcid": "PMC7180362", "title": "Use of drugs with potential cardiac effect in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Arch Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Sacher, Frederic", "Fauchier, Laurent", "Boveda, Serge", "de Chillou, Christian", "Defaye, Pascal", "Deharo, Jean Claude", "Gandjbakhch, Estelle", "Probst, Vincent", "Cohen, Ariel", "Leclercq, Christophe"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354666", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374381, "pmcid": "PMC7239188", "title": "Large saddle pulmonary embolism in a woman infected by COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Jafari, Ramezan", "Cegolon, Luca", "Jafari, Atefeh", "Kashaki, Mandana", "Otoukesh, Babak", "Ghahderijani, Bahareh Heshmat", "Izadi, Morteza", "Saadat, Seyed Hassan", "Einollahi, Behzad", "Javanbakht, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374381", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406623, "title": "COVID-19, Negligence and Occupational Health and Safety: Ethical and Legal Issues for Hospitals and Health Centres.", "journal": "J Law Med", "authors": ["Freckelton, Ian"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406623", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The international incidence of health workers being infected with COVID-19 is deeply troubling. Until a vaccine is developed, they are the community's bulwark against the pandemic. It is vital that they be protected to the maximum extent possible. This entails the need for implementation of effective and compassionate protocols to keep their workplace as safe as possible for them, their colleagues and their patients in a context of much as yet not being known about the virus and awareness that some persons infected by it are for a time at least asymptomatic and that others test negative for it when they are prodromal or even already displaying some symptomatology. This has repercussions both for the liability of hospitals and multi-practitioner centres for negligence and also under occupational health and safety legislation. With the commencement of the roll out of biosecurity and disaster/emergency measures by government and escalating levels of anxiety in the general population, it is important to reflect upon the measures that most effectively can be adopted practically and ethically to protect the health and safety of those whose task it is to care for us if we become infected by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32307780, "pmcid": "PMC7264772", "title": "Children may be less affected than adults by novel coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Paediatr Child Health", "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307780", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347683, "title": "Neurosurgery at the time of COVID-19: how this pandemic infectious disease is influencing neurosurgical activities and patient management.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Sci", "authors": ["Ricciardi, Luca", "Trungu, Sokol", "Scerrati, Alba", "De Bonis, Pasquale", "Miscusi, Massimo", "Raco, Antonino"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347683", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445711, "pmcid": "PMC7239632", "title": "COVID-19: when should quarantine be enforced?", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bauch, Chris T", "Anand, Madhur"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445711", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457526, "title": "Learn from Rwanda's success in tackling COVID-19.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Condo, Jeanine", "Uwizihiwe, Jean Paul", "Nsanzimana, Sabin"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457526", "countries": ["Rwanda"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451973, "pmcid": "PMC7247741", "title": "Low-dose radiation therapy: could it be a game-changer for COVID-19?", "journal": "Clin Transl Oncol", "authors": ["Montero, A", "Arenas, M", "Algara, M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451973", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397895, "title": "COVID-19 and Diabetes-A View From India.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Mohan, Viswanathan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397895", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID - 19 has been one of the greatest disasters in human history. It has completely disrupted our lives. With regard to medical practice, it changed the way doctors started treating patients. One of the positives of COVID - 19 has been the emergnece of telemedicine in treating chronic conditions like diabetes. In India, telemedicine which was illegal was rapidly legalised and gudelines for telemedicine were drawn up. This commentay describes our approach to treating diabetes patiens during the COVID lockdown period based on experience at a large tertiary diabetes centre in India."}, {"pmid": 32268459, "pmcid": "PMC7142006", "title": "Author Response: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), Infectivity, and the Incubation Period.", "journal": "J Prev Med Public Health", "authors": ["Bae, Jong-Myon"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268459", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385829, "pmcid": "PMC7207985", "title": "COVID-19 and off label use of drugs: an ethical viewpoint.", "journal": "Daru", "authors": ["Shojaei, Amirahmad", "Salari, Pooneh"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385829", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak is rapidly spread over the world and kills infected patients. There is no proven medication for its treatment, so, all of the medications used for treatment are considered to be off-label. Off-label uses are not under regulation in the outbreak because there is no specific regulation for this condition. In this short communication we aim at describing two ways of off-label use as clinical practice or investigational use. Further, we will describe the third way of off-label use, we named it pseudo-research and then we will state the most possible ethical challenges of off-label use for better perceptions and responsibility. The WHO considers off-label uses as country-specific. All international regulatory bodies consider off-label prescription as the physician's responsibility and legal by necessitating some requirements. There is no international guideline for regulating investigational off-label uses as clinical practice. There are different types of approaches, none of them is comprehensive and conclusive. Furthermore, respecting the four ethical principles necessitates codification and strict regulation of off-label uses either as clinical practice or investigational. Besides, compilation of a special guideline based on ethical principles especially non-maleficence and autonomy for investigational off-label uses in disasters is highly recommended."}, {"pmid": 32238355, "title": "Covid-19: US gives emergency approval to hydroxychloroquine despite lack of evidence.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Lenzer, Jeanne"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238355", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227547, "pmcid": "PMC7228384", "title": "Health psychology and the coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic: A call for research.", "journal": "Br J Health Psychol", "authors": ["Arden, Madelynne A", "Chilcot, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227547", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439647, "title": "Neuroradiologists and the Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Antonucci, M U", "Reagan, J M", "Yazdani, M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439647", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473642, "pmcid": "PMC7261036", "title": "Ivermectin, a new candidate therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob", "authors": ["Sharun, Khan", "Dhama, Kuldeep", "Patel, Shailesh Kumar", "Pathak, Mamta", "Tiwari, Ruchi", "Singh, Bhoj Raj", "Sah, Ranjit", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J", "Leblebicioglu, Hakan"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473642", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333025, "pmcid": "PMC7181112", "title": "Characteristics of COVID-19 pandemic and public health consequences.", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Stang, Andreas", "Standl, Fabian", "Jockel, Karl-Heinz"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333025", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431094, "pmcid": "PMC7267156", "title": "Balancing aesthetic and conventional dermatology practice in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Arora, Gulhima", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Arora, Sandeep"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431094", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321619, "title": "How we mitigate and contain COVID-19 outbreak in hemodialysis center (HD): lessons and experiences.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Su, Ke", "Ma, Yiqiong", "Wang, Yujuan", "Song, Yuan", "Lv, Xifen", "Wei, Zhongping", "Shi, Ming", "Ding, Guohua", "Shen, Bo", "Wang, Huiming"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268635, "title": "[Health protection guideline of conference designated hotel during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268635", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This guideline stipulates the management requirements, personal protection and comprehensive security of conference designated hotels. It is applicable to the unified standard prevention and control of conference designated hotels during COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32233671, "title": "Have a heart during the COVID-19 crisis: Making the case for cardiac rehabilitation in the face of an ongoing pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Yeo, Tee Joo", "Wang, Yi-Ting Laureen", "Low, Ting Ting"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233671", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362193, "pmcid": "PMC7212541", "title": "Quadruple therapy for asymptomatic COVID-19 infection patients.", "journal": "Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther", "authors": ["Wang, Ling", "Xu, Xiaopeng", "Ruan, Junshan", "Lin, Saijin", "Jiang, Jinhua", "Ye, Hong"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362193", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is currently in epidemic stage. After large-scale interpersonal infection, asymptomatic patients appear. Whether asymptomatic patients are contagious or not and whether they need medication are the arguments among clinical experts.Areas covered: This paper reports a special asymptomatic couple with COVID-19, of which the male patient is an intercity bus driver but has not induced confirmed infection of his 188 passengers. The patients were treated with four combinations of lopinavir/ritonavir tablets, arbidol tablets, Lianhuaqingwen granules, and recombinant human interferon-\u03b12b (IFN-\u03b12b) injection via aerosol. Their clinical characteristics and medication were summarized and analyzed.Expert opinion: The two asymptomatic patients far away from Wuhan did not seem to be highly contagious. They improved obviously, after treatment with the quadruple therapy, but the effective drug is still unknown. It should be noted that lopinavir/ritonavir tablets have many drug interactions and are the most likely drugs to cause hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia in these two patients. IFN-\u03b12b is more effective in the early stage of virus infection. Arbidol instruction dose may not be sufficient to inhibit the novel coronavirus in vivo. The evidence-based medicine of Lianhuaqingwen granules for treating various viral infections is just based on Chinese patients."}, {"pmid": 32412665, "pmcid": "PMC7261980", "title": "To resume noninvasive imaging detection safely after peak period of COVID-19: Experiences from Wuhan China.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["An, Xiangjie", "Song, Zexing", "Gao, Yaoying", "Tao, Juan", "Yang, Jing"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412665", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494340, "pmcid": "PMC7244828", "title": "Is reporting many cases of COVID-19 in Iran due to strength or weakness of Iran's health system?", "journal": "Iran J Microbiol", "authors": ["Mounesan, Leila", "Eybpoosh, Sana", "Haghdoost, Aliakbar", "Moradi, Ghobad", "Mostafavi, Ehsan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494340", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32257058, "pmcid": "PMC7103835", "title": "Contributions and challenges of general practitioners in China fighting against the novel coronavirus crisis.", "journal": "Fam Med Community Health", "authors": ["Li, Donald Kwok Tung", "Zhu, Shanzhu"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257058", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459978, "title": "Assessment of adequacy of respiratory infection prevention in hospitals of Inner Mongolia, China: a cross-sectional study using unannounced standardized patients.", "journal": "Postgrad Med", "authors": ["Xie, Yijing", "McNeil, Edward B", "Sriplung, Hutcha", "Fan, Yancun", "Zhao, Xingsheng", "Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459978", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent respiratory infectious disease (RID) outbreaks of influenza and the novel coronavirus have resulted in global pandemics. RIDs can trigger nosocomial infections if not adequately prevented. The objective of this study was to rate the adequacy of healthcare workers (HCWs) and hospital settings on RID prevention using unannounced standardized patients (USP) in clinical settings of hospital gateways. Trained USPs visited 5 clinical settings: information desks, registration desks, two outpatient departments and the emergency departments in 10 hospitals across 3 cities of Inner Mongolia, China. USPs observed the hospital air ventilation and distance from the nearest hand-washing facilities to each clinical setting, then mimicked symptoms of either tuberculosis or influenza before observing the HCW's behavior. A total of 480 clinical-setting assessments were made by 19 USPs. The overall adequacy of triage services was 86.7% and for prevention of the spread of airborne droplets was 83.5%. Almost all hospitals offered adequate air ventilation. Compared to the information desk, adequacy of triage and preventing the spread of airborne droplets by physicians in the three clinical departments was less likely to be adequate. Triage services for USPs simulating symptoms of influenza were 2.6 times more likely to be adequate than for those simulating symptoms of tuberculosis but there was no significant difference in the prevention of the spread of airborne droplets. There is a need to improve respiratory infectious disease procedures in our study hospitals, especially in outpatient and emergency departments."}, {"pmid": 32463434, "title": "Metatranscriptomic Characterization of COVID-19 Identified A Host Transcriptional Classifier Associated With Immune Signaling.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Haocheng", "Ai, Jing-Wen", "Yang, Wenjiao", "Zhou, Xian", "He, Fusheng", "Xie, Shumei", "Zeng, Weiqi", "Li, Yang", "Yu, Yiqi", "Gou, Xuejing", "Li, Yongjun", "Wang, Xiaorui", "Su, Hang", "Xu, Teng", "Zhang, Wenhong"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463434", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent identification of a novel coronavirus, also known as SARS-CoV-2, has caused a global outbreak of respiratory illnesses. The rapidly developing pandemic has posed great challenges to diagnosis of this novel infection. However, little is known about the metatranscriptomic characteristics of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We analyzed metatranscriptomics in 187 patients (62 cases with COVID-19 and 125 with non-COVID-19 pneumonia). Transcriptional aspects of three core elements - pathogens, the microbiome, and host responses - were interrogated. Based on the host transcriptional signature, we built a host gene classifier and examined its potential for diagnosing COVID-19 and indicating disease severity. The airway microbiome in COVID-19 patients had reduced alpha diversity, with 18 taxa of differential abundance. Potentially pathogenic microbes were also detected in 47% of the COVID-19 cases, 58% of which were respiratory viruses. Host gene analysis revealed a transcriptional signature of 36 differentially expressed genes significantly associated with immune pathways such as cytokine signaling. The host gene classifier built on such a signature exhibited potential for diagnosing COVID-19 (AUC of 0.75-0.89) and indicating disease severity. Compared to those with non-COVID-19 pneumonias, COVID-19 patients appeared to have a more disrupted airway microbiome with frequent potential concurrent infections, and a special trigger host immune response in certain pathways such as interferon gamma signaling. The immune-associated host transcriptional signatures of COVID-19 hold promise as a tool for improving COVID-19 diagnosis and indicating disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32246784, "pmcid": "PMC7228370", "title": "An alteration of the dopamine synthetic pathway is possibly involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Nataf, Serge"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246784", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450754, "title": "Inappropriate Nasopharyngeal Sampling for SARS-CoV-2 Detection Is a Relevant Cause of False-Negative Reports.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Piras, Antonio", "Rizzo, Davide", "Uzzau, Sergio", "De Riu, Giacomo", "Rubino, Salvatore", "Bussu, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450754", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA on nasopharyngeal swab is the standard for diagnosing active COVID-19 disease in asymptomatic cases and in symptomatic patients without the typical radiologic findings. For the present COVID-19 outbreak in Italy, we describe 4 symptomatic patients with negative RT-PCR results at the first nasopharyngeal swab, which became positive when collected a few hours later by an otolaryngologist. All the patients showed nasal obstruction. The present report suggests that inadequate nasopharyngeal sampling performed by untrained operators in the presence of nasal obstruction can be a relevant case of false-negative findings at RT-PCR, with a clear negative impact on the efforts to contain the current outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32403024, "pmcid": "PMC7198430", "title": "'Age and ageism in COVID-19': Elderly mental health-care vulnerabilities and needs.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Banerjee, Debanjan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403024", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427157, "pmcid": "PMC7228375", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: International public health considerations.", "journal": "J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open", "authors": ["Greene, Christopher J", "Burleson, Samuel L", "Crosby, James C", "Heimann, Matthew A", "Pigott, David C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427157", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the Chinese government announced an outbreak of a novel coronavirus, recently named COVID-19. During the following weeks the international medical community has witnessed with unprecedented coverage the public health response both domestically by the Chinese government, and on an international scale as cases have spread to dozens of countries. While much regarding the virus and the Chinese public health response is still unknown, national and public health institutions globally are preparing for a pandemic. As cases and spread of the virus grow, emergency and other front-line providers may become more anxious about the possibility of encountering a potential case. This review describes the tenets of a public health response to an infectious outbreak by using recent historical examples and also by characterizing what is known about the ongoing response to the COVID-19 outbreak. The intent of the review is to empower the practitioner to monitor and evaluate the local, national and global public health response to an emerging infectious disease."}, {"pmid": 32471823, "title": "Covid-19: Charities call for clear advice after \"utter mess\" of shielding texts.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471823", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299837, "title": "Gastroenterology department operational reorganisation at the time of covid-19 outbreak: an Italian and Chinese experience.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Danese, Silvio", "Ran, Zhi Hua", "Repici, Alessandro", "Tong, Jinlu", "Omodei, Paolo", "Aghemo, Alessio", "Malesci, Alberto"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299837", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475243, "title": "COVID-19: new challenges, risks, and the future provision of care in spinal services.", "journal": "Bone Joint J", "authors": ["Minhas, Zulfiqar", "Ganau, Mario", "Thakar, Chrishan", "Reynolds, Jeremy", "Rothenfluh, Dominique", "Bojanic, Stana", "Grannum, Sean", "Chaudhary, Bedansh Roy", "Pyrovolou, Nikolaos", "Sikander, Murtuza", "Bowden, Gavin", "Patel, Umang Jash", "Nnadi, Colin"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475243", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125362, "pmcid": "PMC7054855", "title": "Epidemiologic Features and Clinical Course of Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Young, Barnaby Edward", "Ong, Sean Wei Xiang", "Kalimuddin, Shirin", "Low, Jenny G", "Tan, Seow Yen", "Loh, Jiashen", "Ng, Oon-Tek", "Marimuthu, Kalisvar", "Ang, Li Wei", "Mak, Tze Minn", "Lau, Sok Kiang", "Anderson, Danielle E", "Chan, Kian Sing", "Tan, Thean Yen", "Ng, Tong Yong", "Cui, Lin", "Said, Zubaidah", "Kurupatham, Lalitha", "Chen, Mark I-Cheng", "Chan, Monica", "Vasoo, Shawn", "Wang, Lin-Fa", "Tan, Boon Huan", "Lin, Raymond Tzer Pin", "Lee, Vernon Jian Ming", "Leo, Yee-Sin", "Lye, David Chien"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125362", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and has spread globally with sustained human-to-human transmission outside China. To report the initial experience in Singapore with the epidemiologic investigation of this outbreak, clinical features, and management. Descriptive case series of the first 18 patients diagnosed with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection at 4 hospitals in Singapore from January 23 to February 3, 2020; final follow-up date was February 25, 2020. Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clinical, laboratory, and radiologic data were collected, including PCR cycle threshold values from nasopharyngeal swabs and viral shedding in blood, urine, and stool. Clinical course was summarized, including requirement for supplemental oxygen and intensive care and use of empirical treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir. Among the 18 hospitalized patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (median age, 47 years; 9 [50%] women), clinical presentation was an upper respiratory tract infection in 12 (67%), and viral shedding from the nasopharynx was prolonged for 7 days or longer among 15 (83%). Six individuals (33%) required supplemental oxygen; of these, 2 required intensive care. There were no deaths. Virus was detectable in the stool (4/8 [50%]) and blood (1/12 [8%]) by PCR but not in urine. Five individuals requiring supplemental oxygen were treated with lopinavir-ritonavir. For 3 of the 5 patients, fever resolved and supplemental oxygen requirement was reduced within 3 days, whereas 2 deteriorated with progressive respiratory failure. Four of the 5 patients treated with lopinavir-ritonavir developed nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea, and 3 developed abnormal liver function test results. Among the first 18 patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Singapore, clinical presentation was frequently a mild respiratory tract infection. Some patients required supplemental oxygen and had variable clinical outcomes following treatment with an antiretroviral agent."}, {"pmid": 32510261, "title": "Is there any possible link between COVID-19 and human infertility?", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Cavalcante, Marcelo Borges", "Sarno, Manoel", "da Silva, Arlley Cleverson Belo", "Araujo Junior, Edward", "Barini, Ricardo"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510261", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317248, "title": "Covid-19: doctors are warned not to go public about PPE shortages.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Clare"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317248", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475309, "title": "Considerations for Telepsychiatry Service Implementation in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatr Serv", "authors": ["Jordan, Ayana", "Dixon, Lisa B"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475309", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401181, "title": "The Digital Exclusion of Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Seifert, Alexander"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401181", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366774, "pmcid": "PMC7202122", "title": "Application of Lung Ultrasound during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Convissar, David", "Gibson, Lauren E", "Berra, Lorenzo", "Bittner, Edward A", "Chang, Marvin G"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366774", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This review highlights the ultrasound findings reported from a number of studies and case reports and discusses the unifying findings from COVID-19 patients as well as from the avian (H7N9) and H1N1 influenza epidemics. We discuss the potential role for portable point-of-care ultrasound (PPOCUS) as a safe and effective bedside option in the initial evaluation, management, and monitoring of disease progression in patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32442529, "pmcid": "PMC7237172", "title": "Electron microscopy of SARS-CoV-2: a challenging task.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Goldsmith, Cynthia S", "Miller, Sara E", "Martines, Roosecelis B", "Bullock, Hannah A", "Zaki, Sherif R"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442529", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513677, "title": "Covid-19: Drug firms warn stockpiles have been eroded amid fears of no deal Brexit.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513677", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267110, "title": "[COVID-19 andcardiovascular diseases].", "journal": "Rev Med Liege", "authors": ["Haeck, G", "Ancion, A", "Marechal, P", "Oury, C", "Lancellotti, P"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267110", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-2019 disease mainly affects the respiratory tract and can progress in severe cases to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure. Patients with prior cardiovascular disease are at higher risk of developing an infection and progressing to a severe form of the disease. Also, due to the growing number of infected cases, it is clear that, in addition to the typical respiratory symptoms caused by the infection, some patients suffer from cardiovascular damage. This condition can, in fact, cause significant myocardial damage, which worsens the disease and affects the prognosis. Based on the results of currently published research, it seems important to discuss the manifestations and characteristics of myocardial damage induced by COVID-19 and its impact on patient prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32167853, "pmcid": "PMC7233381", "title": "Can Lung US Help Critical Care Clinicians in the Early Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia?", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Poggiali, Erika", "Dacrema, Alessandro", "Bastoni, Davide", "Tinelli, Valentina", "Demichele, Elena", "Mateo Ramos, Pau", "Marciano, Teodoro", "Silva, Matteo", "Vercelli, Andrea", "Magnacavallo, Andrea"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167853", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458530, "title": "Immunosuppressive and immunomodulator therapy for rare or uncommon skin disorders in pandemic days.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Karadag, Ayse Serap", "Aslan Kayiran, Melek", "Lotti, Torello", "Wollina, Uwe"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458530", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies are important in dermatology, but indications are influenced by SARS-CoV-2. We will focus on are skin disorders such as autoimmune connective tissue disorders, neutrophilic dermatoses and vasculitis. Immunomodulators such as colchicine and antimalarials can easily be preferred taking their beneficial effects on Covid-19 into consideration and also given their wide spectrum of action. Among the conventional therapies, methotrexate, azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil increase the risk of infection, and thus their use is recommended only when necessary and at low doses. On the other hand, use of cyclosporine is also not recommended as it increases the risk of hypertension, which is susceptible to Covid-19. Anti-TNF agents from among the biological therapies appear to be slightly risky in terms of susceptibility to infection. However, there are ongoing studies which suggest that some biological treatments may reduce cytokine storm impeding the Covid-19 progression as a result, in spite of their susceptibilities to Covid-19. Patients, who will be started on immunosuppressive therapy, should be tested for Covid-19 prior to the therapy, and in the event that Covid-19 is suspected, the therapy should be discontinued. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32415723, "title": "Australian and New Zealand consensus statement on the management of lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and myeloma during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Intern Med J", "authors": ["Di Ciaccio, Pietro", "McCaughan, Georgia", "Trotman, Judith", "Ho, Phoebe Joy", "Cheah, Chan Y", "Gangatharan, Shane", "Wight, Joel", "Ku, Matthew", "Quach, Hang", "Gasiorowski, Robin", "Polizzotto, Mark N", "Prince, Henry Miles", "Mulligan, Stephen", "Tam, Constantine S", "Gregory, Gareth", "Hapgood, Greg", "Spencer, Andrew", "Dickinson, Michael", "Latimer, Maya", "Johnston, Anna", "Armytage, Tasman", "Lee, Cindy", "Cochrane, Tara", "Berkhahn, Leanne", "Weinkove, Robert", "Doocey, Richard", "Harrison, Simon J", "Webber, Nicholas", "Lee, Hui-Peng", "Chapman, Scott", "Campbell, Belinda A", "Gibbs, Simon D J", "Hamad, Nada"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415723", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic poses a unique challenge to the care of patients with haematological malignancies. Viral pneumonia is known to cause disproportionately severe disease in patients with cancer, and patients with lymphoma, myeloma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia are likely to be at particular risk of severe disease related to COVID-19. This statement has been developed by consensus among authors from Australia and New Zealand. We aim to provide supportive guidance to clinicians making individual patient decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular during periods that access to healthcare resources may be limited. General recommendations include those to minimise patient exposure to COVID-19, including the use of telehealth, avoidance of non-essential visits and minimisation of time spent by patients in infusion suites and other clinical areas. This statement also provides recommendations where appropriate in assessing indications for therapy, reducing therapy-associated immunosuppression and reducing healthcare utilisation in patients with specific haematological malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific decisions regarding therapy of haematological malignancies will need to be individualised, based on disease risk, risks of immunosuppression, rates of community transmission of COVID-19 and available local healthcare resources."}, {"pmid": 32242348, "pmcid": "PMC7131901", "title": "Clinical Course and Outcomes of Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: a Preliminary Report of the First 28 Patients from the Korean Cohort Study on COVID-19.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Eu Suk", "Chin, Bum Sik", "Kang, Chang Kyung", "Kim, Nam Joong", "Kang, Yu Min", "Choi, Jae Phil", "Oh, Dong Hyun", "Kim, Jeong Han", "Koh, Boram", "Kim, Seong Eun", "Yun, Na Ra", "Lee, Jae Hoon", "Kim, Jin Yong", "Kim, Yeonjae", "Bang, Ji Hwan", "Song, Kyoung Ho", "Kim, Hong Bin", "Chung, Ki Hyun", "Oh, Myoung Don"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242348", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019. In this retrospective multicenter study, we investigated the clinical course and outcomes of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from early cases in Republic of Korea. All of the cases confirmed by real time polymerase chain reaction were enrolled from the 1st to the 28th patient nationwide. Clinical data were collected and analyzed for changes in clinical severity including laboratory, radiological, and virologic dynamics during the progression of illness. The median age was 40 years (range, 20-73 years) and 15 (53.6%) patients were male. The most common symptoms were cough (28.6%) and sore throat (28.6%), followed by fever (25.0%). Diarrhea was not common (10.7%). Two patients had no symptoms. Initial chest X-ray (CXR) showed infiltration in 46.4% of the patients, but computed tomography scan confirmed pneumonia in 88.9% (16/18) of the patients. Six patients (21.4%) required supplemental oxygen therapy, but no one needed mechanical ventilation. Lymphopenia was more common in severe cases. Higher level of C-reactive protein and worsening of chest radiographic score was observed during the 5-7 day period after symptom onset. Viral shedding was high from day 1 of illness, especially from the upper respiratory tract (URT). The prodromal symptoms of COVID-19 were mild and most patients did not have limitations of daily activity. Viral shedding from URT was high from the prodromal phase. Radiological pneumonia was common from the early days of illness, but it was frequently not evident in simple CXR. These findings could be plausible explanations for the easy and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the community."}, {"pmid": 32213260, "pmcid": "PMC7258456", "title": "Pharmacologic Treatments and Supportive Care for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kain, Taylor", "Lindsay, Patrick J", "Adhikari, Neill K J", "Arabi, Yaseen M", "Van Kerkhove, Maria D", "Fowler, Robert A"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213260", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Available animal and cell line models have suggested that specific therapeutics might be effective in treating Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). We conducted a systematic review of evidence for treatment with pharmacologic and supportive therapies. We developed a protocol and searched 5 databases for studies describing treatment of MERS and deaths in MERS patients. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed by using ROBINS-I tool. We retrieved 3,660 unique citations; 20 observational studies met eligibility, and we studied 13 therapies. Most studies were at serious or critical RoB; no studies were at low RoB. One study, at moderate RoB, showed reduced mortality rates in severe MERS patients with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; no other studies showed a significant lifesaving benefit to any treatment. The existing literature on treatments for MERS is observational and at moderate to critical RoB. Clinical trials are needed to guide treatment decisions."}, {"pmid": 32329590, "title": "Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak on rehabilitation services and physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) physicians' activities: perspectives from the Spanish experience.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Chaler, Joaquim", "Gil-Fraguas, Lourdes", "Gomez-Garcia, Arturo", "Laxe, Sara", "Luna-Cabrera, Francisco", "Llavona, Ricardo", "Miangolarra Page, Juan C", "Del Pino-Algarrada, Rogelio", "Salaverria Izaguirre, Natalia", "Sanchez-Tarifa, Pilar", "Santandreu, Maria Elvira", "Garreta-Figuera, Roser"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329590", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501339, "pmcid": "PMC7255309", "title": "Senegal to trial $1 speedy test for covid-19.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Yeung, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501339", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427903, "title": "How to address the coronavirus's outsized toll on people of colour.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Subbaraman, Nidhi"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427903", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412641, "pmcid": "PMC7239235", "title": "Unusual presentation of acute coronary syndrome in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Salido-Tahoces, Luisa", "Sanchez-Recalde, Angel", "Pardo-Sanz, Ana", "Zamorano Gomez, Jose Luis"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412641", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506122, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Individuals Dying with COVID-19 by Age Group in Italy.", "journal": "J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci", "authors": ["Palmieri, Luigi", "Vanacore, Nicola", "Donfrancesco, Chiara", "Lo Noce, Cinzia", "Canevelli, Marco", "Punzo, Ornella", "Raparelli, Valeria", "Pezzotti, Patrizio", "Riccardo, Flavia", "Bella, Antonio", "Fabiani, Massimo", "D'Ancona, Fortunato Paolo", "Vaianella, Luana", "Tiple, Dorina", "Colaizzo, Elisa", "Palmer, Katie", "Rezza, Giovanni", "Piccioli, Andrea", "Brusaferro, Silvio", "Onder, Graziano"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506122", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "aim of the present study is to describe characteristics of COVID-19 related deaths and to compare the clinical phenotype and course of COVID-19 related deaths occurring in adults (< 65 years) and older adults (\u2265 65 years). medical charts of 3,032 patients dying with COVID-19 in Italy (368 aged < 65 years and 2,664 aged \u2265 65 years) were revised to extract information on demographics, pre-existing comorbidities, and in-hospital complications leading to death. Older adults (\u2265 65 years) presented with a higher number of comorbidities compared to those aged < 65 years (3.3 \u00b1 1.9 vs. 2.5 \u00b1 1.8, p<0.001). Prevalence of ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, stroke, hypertension, dementia, COPD, and chronic renal failure was higher in older patients (\u2265 65 years), while obesity, chronic liver disease, and HIV infection were more common in younger adults (< 65 years); 10.9% of younger patients (< 65 years) had no comorbidities, compared to 3.2% of older patients (\u2265 65 years). The younger adults had a higher rate of non-respiratory complications than older patients including acute renal failure (30.0% vs 20.6%), acute cardiac injury (13.5% vs 10.3%) and superinfections (30.9% vs. 9.8%). individuals dying with COVID-19 present with high levels of comorbidities, irrespective of age group, but a small proportion of deaths occurs in healthy adults with no pre-existing conditions. Non-respiratory complications are common, suggesting that the treatment of respiratory conditions needs to be combined with strategies to prevent and mitigate the effects of non-respiratory complications."}, {"pmid": 32493626, "pmcid": "PMC7241389", "title": "S1 Subunit and Host Proteases as Potential Therapeutic Avenues for the Treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Arafah, Azher", "Ali, Shafat", "Yatoo, Ali Mohd", "Ali, Md Niamat", "Rehman, Muneeb U"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493626", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome, now called COVID-19 initially originated in Wuhan city of China and later spread across borders and infected more than five million people and killed over 3.4 lakh people all over the globe. This disease has been announced as pandemic by WHO. So far, there has been not much progress in terms of drug development for fighting against this deadliest virus, also no existing drugs has been reported completely effective for COVID-19 treatment owing to lack of effective therapeutic targets and a broad understanding of the viral behavior in target cell. Some reports have found and confirmed that SARS-CoV-2 like others SARS-CoVs utilizes angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptor for making entry into target cell by binding to the receptor with its S1 subunit and employing host cell proteases for cleaving S2 subunit at S2' in order to fuse with cell membrane. Thus, simultaneous blocking of S1 subunit and inactivation of proteases seem to be promising therapeutic targets for the development of effective novel drugs. In current write up we hypothesize that S1 subunit and host proteases as potential therapeutic avenues for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32482242, "pmcid": "PMC7258800", "title": "Advancing the NIH Strategic Plan and Health Care Needs During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Nurs Outlook", "authors": ["Redeker, Nancy S"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482242", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433096, "title": "COVID-19: Never Seen Anything Like This Ever!", "journal": "J Nurs Adm", "authors": ["Beckman, Beth P"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433096", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353184, "pmcid": "PMC7267575", "title": "Severe psychological distress among patients with epilepsy during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwest China.", "journal": "Epilepsia", "authors": ["Hao, Xiaoting", "Zhou, Dong", "Li, Zhe", "Zeng, Guojun", "Hao, Nanya", "Li, Enzhi", "Li, Wenjing", "Deng, Aiping", "Lin, Mintao", "Yan, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353184", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compare the severity of psychological distress between patients with epilepsy and healthy controls during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwest China, as well as identify potential risk factors of severe psychological distress among patients with epilepsy. This cross-sectional case-control study examined a consecutive sample of patients older than 15\u00a0years treated at the epilepsy center of West China Hospital between February 1 and February 29, 2020. As controls, sex- and age-matched healthy visitors of inpatients (unrelated to the patients) were also enrolled during the same period. Data on demographics and attention paid to COVID-19 were collected by online questionnaire, data on epilepsy features were collected from electronic medical records, and psychological distress was evaluated using the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-6). Potential risk factors of severe psychological distress were identified using multivariate logistic regression. The 252 patients and 252 controls in this study were similar along all demographic variables except family income. Patients with epilepsy showed significantly higher K-6 scores than healthy controls and spent significantly more time following the COVID-19 outbreak (both P\u00a0<\u00a0.001). Univariate analyses associated both diagnosis of drug-resistant epilepsy and time spent paying attention to COVID-19 with severe psychological distress (defined as K-6 score >12; both P\u00a0\u2264\u00a0.001). Multivariate logistic regression identified two independent predictors of severe psychological distress: time spent paying attention to COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.172, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.073-1.280) and diagnosis of drug-resistant epilepsy (OR = 0.283, 95% CI = 0.128-0.623). During public health outbreaks, clinicians and caregivers should focus not only on seizure control but also on mental health of patients with epilepsy, especially those with drug-resistant epilepsy. K-6 scores > 12 indicate severe psychological distress. This may mean, for example, encouraging patients to engage in other activities instead of excessively following media coverage of the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32510648, "title": "Urticarial vasculitis in COVID-19 infection: a vasculopathy-related symptom?", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["de Perosanz-Lobo, D", "Fernandez-Nieto, D", "Burgos-Blasco, P", "Selda-Enriquez, G", "Carretero, I", "Moreno, C", "Fernandez-Guarino, M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510648", "countries": ["Italy", "Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has been recently declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), being Italy and Spain the worst-hit European countries. Although the main clinical picture consists of fever and respiratory symptoms, an increasing number of studies have reported associated skin manifestations. Herein we present two patients with urticarial vasculitis arising in the context of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32412693, "pmcid": "PMC7272798", "title": "Personalized Risk-Benefit Ratio Adaptation of Breast Cancer Care at the Epicenter of COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Viale, Giulia", "Licata, Luca", "Sica, Lorenzo", "Zambelli, Stefania", "Zucchinelli, Patrizia", "Rognone, Alessia", "Aldrighetti, Daniela", "Di Micco, Rosa", "Zuber, Veronica", "Pasetti, Marcella", "Di Muzio, Nadia", "Rodighiero, Mariagrazia", "Panizza, Pietro", "Sassi, Isabella", "Petrella, Giovanna", "Cascinu, Stefano", "Gentilini, Oreste Davide", "Bianchini, Giampaolo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412693", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Northern Italy has been one of the European regions reporting the highest number of COVID-19 cases and deaths. The pandemic spread has challenged the National Health System, requiring reallocation of most of the available health care resources to treat COVID-19-positive patients, generating a competition with other health care needs, including cancer. Patients with cancer are at higher risk of developing critical illness after COVID-19 infection. Thus, mitigation strategies should be adopted to reduce the likelihood of infection in all patients with cancer. At the same time, suboptimal care and treatments may result in worse cancer-related outcome. In this article, we attempt to estimate the individual risk-benefit balance to define personalized strategies for optimal breast cancer management, avoiding as much as possible a general untailored approach. We discuss and report the strategies our Breast Unit adopted from the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak to ensure the continuum of the best possible cancer care for our patients while mitigating the risk of infection, despite limited health care resources. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Managing patients with breast cancer during the COVID-19 outbreak is challenging. The present work highlights the need to estimate the individual patient risk of infection, which depends on both epidemiological considerations and individual clinical characteristics. The management of patients with breast cancer should be adapted and personalized according to the balance between COVID-19-related risk and the expected benefit of treatments. This work also provides useful suggestions on the modality of patient triage, the conduct of clinical trials, the management of an oncologic team, and the approach to patients' and health workers' psychological distress."}, {"pmid": 32253181, "title": "Covid-19: UK government writes off pound13.4bn of hospital debts to ease pressures.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253181", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428865, "pmcid": "PMC7214279", "title": "Remdesivir in COVID-19: A critical review of pharmacology, pre-clinical and clinical studies.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Singh, Akriti", "Singh, Ritu", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428865", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Remdesivir is a broad spectrum anti-viral drug that has shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2, in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo. In absence of any effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19), remdesivir has been tried for a compassionate use in severe COVID-19. Newer randomized controlled studies that have recently become available, showed a mixed result. We aimed to systematically search the literature to understand the pharmacology and clinical effects of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19. We systematically searched the PubMed, ClinicalTrial.Org and MedRxiv database up till May 5, 2020 using specific key words such as \"Remdesivir\" or 'GS-5734\u2033 AND \"COVID-19\" or \"SARS-CoV-2\" and retrieved all the article published in English language, that have reported the pharmacology and the clinical outcomes of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19. Initial compassionate use of remdesivir has shown a fairly good result, but difficult to quantify, in the absence of control arm. While the very first double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial conducted in Wuhan, did not find any significant benefit compared to the control, the preliminary result of another similar multi-country trial has shown a significant faster time to recovery but without any difference in mortality. Remdesivir has shown a mixed result in patients with COVID-19 with an acceptable side effect. However, jury is still out while awaiting the results from the forthcoming trials."}, {"pmid": 32245656, "pmcid": "PMC7270790", "title": "COVID-19 in patients with cardiovascular diseases.", "journal": "Arch Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Hulot, Jean-Sebastien"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245656", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431217, "title": "Withanone and caffeic acid phenethyl ester are predicted to interact with main protease (M(pro)) of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibit its activity.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Kumar, Vipul", "Dhanjal, Jaspreet Kaur", "Kaul, Sunil C", "Wadhwa, Renu", "Sundar, Durai"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431217", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2/2019-nCoV) has caused a large number of deaths around the globe. There is an urgent need to understand this new virus and develop prophylactic and therapeutic drugs. Since drug development is an expensive, intense and time-consuming path, timely repurposing of the existing drugs is often explored wherein the research avenues including genomics, bioinformatics, molecular modeling approaches offer valuable strengths. Here, we have examined the binding potential of Withaferin-A (Wi-A), Withanone (Wi-N) (active withanolides of Ashwagandha) and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE, bioactive ingredient of propolis) to a highly conserved protein, Mpro of SARS-CoV-2. We found that Wi-N and CAPE, but not Wi-A, bind to the substrate-binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with efficacy and binding energies equivalent to an already claimed N3 protease inhibitor. Similar to N3 inhibitor, Wi-N and CAPE were interacting with the highly conserved residues of the proteases of coronaviruses. The binding stability of these molecules was further analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations. The binding free energies calculated using MM/GBSA for N3 inhibitor, CAPE and Wi-N were also comparable. Data presented here predicted that these natural compounds may possess the potential to inhibit the functional activity of SARS-CoV-2 protease (an essential protein for virus survival), and hence (i) may connect to save time and cost required for designing/development, and initial screening for anti-COVID drugs, (ii) may offer some therapeutic value for the management of novel fatal coronavirus disease, (iii) warrants prioritized further validation in the laboratory and clinical tests.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32485437, "pmcid": "PMC7256551", "title": "Image-proven thromboembolism in patients with severe COVID-19 in a tertiary critical care unit in the United Kingdom.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Desborough, Michael J R", "Doyle, Andrew J", "Griffiths, Alexandra", "Retter, Andrew", "Breen, Karen A", "Hunt, Beverley J"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485437", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343152, "title": "ABO blood group predisposes to COVID-19 severity and cardiovascular diseases.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Dai, Xiaofeng"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343152", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533665, "title": "Hospital pharmacist challenges in evaluation of scientific evidence and its incorporation to pharmacotherapeutic protocols through therapeutic committees in COVID-19 times.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Fernandez-Llamazares, Cecilia M", "Lopez-Briz, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533665", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Type 2 coronavirus pandemics that is plaguing almost all the world has\u00a0caused\u00a0 qualitative and quantitative strains in health systems that have had to\u00a0be responded to. The lack of known vaccines and effective treatments has\u00a0generated\u00a0the need to\u00a0 use drugs with very little evidence for their incorporation\u00a0into pharmacotherapeutic\u00a0 protocols agreed by the clinical team. The hospital\u00a0pharmacist, within the\u00a0 multidisciplinary team, has been responsible for\u00a0critically evaluating the alternatives and positioning them in these protocols.\u00a0Finally, some ethical and legal questions\u00a0 that should be considered in\u00a0this scenario are analyzed in this article."}, {"pmid": 32527653, "title": "Fecal Calprotectin and RT-PCR from both nasopharyngeal swab and stool samples prior to treatment decision in IBD patients during CoVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Younes, Cherradi"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527653", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329978, "title": "A retrospective study of risk factors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections in hospitalized adult patients.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Yao, Qingchun", "Wang, Peng", "Wang, Xingguang", "Qie, Guoqiang", "Meng, Mei", "Tong, Xiwen", "Bai, Xue", "Ding, Min", "Liu, Weiming", "Liu, Keke", "Chu, Yufeng"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329978", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201119) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2011CoV\u20112) infection spread worldwide. The aim of the study was to identify the clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with severe incidence of SARS \u2011CoV\u20112 infection. All adult patients (median [IQR] age, 52 [37-58] years) consecutively admitted to the Dabieshan Medical Center from January 30, 2020 to February 11, 2020 were collected and reviewed. Only patients diagnosed with COVID\u201119\u00a0 according to the World Health Organization interim guidance were included in this retrospective cohort study. A total of 108 patients with COVID\u201119 were retrospectively analyzed. Twenty\u2011five patients (23.1%) developed severe disease, and of those 12 patients (48%) died. Advanced age, comorbidities (most commonly hypertension), higher blood leukocyte count, neutrophil count, higher C\u2011reactive protein level, D\u2011dimer level, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score were associated with greater risk of COVID\u201119, and so were lower lymphocyte count and albumin level. Multivariable regress ion showed increasing odds of severe COVID\u201119 associated with higher SOFA score (odds ratio [OR], 2.45; 95% CI, 1.302-4.608; P = 0.005), and lymphocyte count less than 0.8 \u00d7 109/l (OR, 9.017; 95% CI, 2.808-28.857; P <0.001) on admission. Higher SOFA score (OR, 2.402; 95% CI, 1.313-4.395; P = 0.004) on admission was identified as risk factor for in\u2011hospital death. Lymphocytopenia and a higher SOFA score on admission could help clinicians to identify patients at high risk for developing severe COVID\u201119. More related studies are needed in the future."}, {"pmid": 32239532, "pmcid": "PMC7228311", "title": "Our Italian experience using lung ultrasound for identification, grading and serial follow-up of severity of lung involvement for management of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Echocardiography", "authors": ["Vetrugno, Luigi", "Bove, Tiziana", "Orso, Daniele", "Barbariol, Federico", "Bassi, Flavio", "Boero, Enrico", "Ferrari, Giovanni", "Kong, Robert"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239532", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lung ultrasound (LU) has rapidly become a tool for assessment of patients stricken by the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Over the past two and a half months (January, February, and first half of March 2020) we have used this modality for identification of lung involvement along with pulmonary severity in patients with suspected or documented COVID-19 infection. Use of LU has helped us in clinical decision making and reduced the use of both chest x-rays and computed tomography (CT)."}, {"pmid": 32497750, "pmcid": "PMC7263233", "title": "The role of vascular surgeons in the treatment of COVID-19-associated pulmonary embolism.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Patelis, Nikolaos", "Bisdas, Theodosios", "Tsiachris, Dimitrios", "Stefanadis, Christodoulos I"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497750", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198164, "pmcid": "PMC7144655", "title": "Novel Coronavirus: What Neuroradiologists as Citizens of the World Need to Know.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Mahajan, A", "Hirsch, J A"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198164", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354774, "title": "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment during covid-19: friend or foe? Response to: 'Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)' by Giollo et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Monti, Sara", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354774", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398800, "title": "Possible challenges in behavioral phenotyping of rodents following COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Lab Anim (NY)", "authors": ["Manda, Kailash"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398800", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516284, "title": "Remote Rehabilitation Conferences in the Age of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Maeshima, Shinichiro", "Tamiya, Takamichi", "Saeki, Takuma", "Ohkawara, Mai", "Osakabe, Manabu", "Take, Yushiro", "Yamaguchi, Hiroyuki", "Maeda, Takahiro", "Ohkawara, Jun"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516284", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496240, "title": "The global experience of digital health interventions in COVID-19 management.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Sarbadhikari, Sohini", "Sarbadhikari, Suptendra Nath"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496240", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Digital health interventions are globally playing a significant role to combat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2. Here, we present a very brief overview of the multifaceted digital interventions, globally, and in India, for maintaining health and health-care delivery, in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32442941, "title": "[Hydroxychloroquine. Cardiology's viewpoint in times of coronavirus pandemic].", "journal": "Medicina (B Aires)", "authors": ["Zaidel, Ezequiel J", "Wyss Quintana, Fernando S", "Sosa Liprandi, Alvaro", "Mendoza, Ivan", "Marquez, Manlio F", "Nunez, Elaine", "Barbosa, Marcia", "Baranchuk, Adrian"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442941", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a wide number of compounds are under scrutiny regarding their antiviral activity, one of them being hydroxychloroquine. Cardiac aspects of the use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are reviewed in this manuscript. A non-systematic review of the medical literature was performed. Information about their safety and efficacy as antimalarials, antivirals, as well as in the long-term treatment of rheumatic diseases was collected. We found an anti-inflammatory effect with reduction of longterm cardiovascular events, a very infrequent heart disease due to a lysosomal effect of the drug, and at the hemodynamic level hypotension, tachycardia, and QT interval prolongation, exacerbated when combined with azithromycin. However, the rate of adverse cardiac events of hydroxychloroquine (and chloroquine) was low."}, {"pmid": 32447721, "pmcid": "PMC7245190", "title": "Clinical practice guidance for hepatology and liver transplant providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: APASL expert panel consensus recommendations.", "journal": "Hepatol Int", "authors": ["Lau, George", "Sharma, Manoj"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447721", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Confronting a once-in-a-century pandemic with COVID-19, tremendous stress has been placed in all walks of life worldwide. In order to enhance scientific information interflow in the arena of liver diseases in Asia-Pacific region during this difficult time, Asian-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) has taken the initiative to form the APASL COVID-19 Taskforce to formulate a clinical practice guidance in Hepatology, liver-related oncology, transplantation and conduct of clinical trials. A taskforce with 22 key opinion leaders in Hepatology from 16 countries or administration regions in Asia-Pacific regions was formed and through intense interaction via webinar, this guidance was formulated. Based on scientific data and experiences, recommendations were made in the management of liver injury, liver transplantation, autoimmune diseases, chronic liver diseases, delivery of elective and emergency services and conduct of clinical trials. This is the first consensus clinical guidance synthesized by APASL for our hepatologist and their allied medical personal."}, {"pmid": 32356625, "pmcid": "PMC7224604", "title": "Inhibitors of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System and Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Jarcho, John A", "Ingelfinger, Julie R", "Hamel, Mary Beth", "D'Agostino, Ralph B Sr", "Harrington, David P"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356625", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521203, "title": "COVID-19: the great unequaliser.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Devakumar, Delan", "Bhopal, Sunil S", "Shannon, Geordan"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521203", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371466, "pmcid": "PMC7199468", "title": "Occurrence, prevention, and management of the psychological effects of emerging virus outbreaks on healthcare workers: rapid review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kisely, Steve", "Warren, Nicola", "McMahon, Laura", "Dalais, Christine", "Henry, Irene", "Siskind, Dan"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371466", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine the psychological effects on clinicians of working to manage novel viral outbreaks, and successful measures to manage stress and psychological distress. Rapid review and meta-analysis. Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed/Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar, searched up to late March 2020. Any study that described the psychological reactions of healthcare staff working with patients in an outbreak of any emerging virus in any clinical setting, irrespective of any comparison with other clinicians or the general population. 59 papers met the inclusion criteria: 37 were of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), eight of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), seven of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), three each of Ebola virus disease and influenza A virus subtype H1N1, and one of influenza A virus subtype H7N9. Of the 38 studies that compared psychological outcomes of healthcare workers in direct contact with affected patients, 25 contained data that could be combined in a pairwise meta-analysis comparing healthcare workers at high and low risk of exposure. Compared with lower risk controls, staff in contact with affected patients had greater levels of both acute or post-traumatic stress (odds ratio 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.28 to 2.29) and psychological distress (1.74, 1.50 to 2.03), with similar results for continuous outcomes. These findings were the same as in the other studies not included in the meta-analysis. Risk factors for psychological distress included being younger, being more junior, being the parents of dependent children, or having an infected family member. Longer quarantine, lack of practical support, and stigma also contributed. Clear communication, access to adequate personal protection, adequate rest, and both practical and psychological support were associated with reduced morbidity. Effective interventions are available to help mitigate the psychological distress experienced by staff caring for patients in an emerging disease outbreak. These interventions were similar despite the wide range of settings and types of outbreaks covered in this review, and thus could be applicable to the current covid-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32363707, "title": "Studies on viral pneumonia related to novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV: a literature review.", "journal": "APMIS", "authors": ["Liya, Guo", "Yuguang, Wang", "Jian, Liu", "Huaiping, Yuan", "Xue, Han", "Jianwei, Huo", "Jiaju, Ma", "Youran, Lu", "Chen, Ming", "Yiqing, Jiao"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363707", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are a class of RNA viruses that can cause respiratory and intestinal infections in animals and humans. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 [2019-nCoV]) belong to the family Coronaviridae and the genus Betacoronavirus. At present, the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 is getting deeper and deeper. In order to better prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2, this article compares the infectivity, pathogenicity, and related clinical characteristics of the three human pathogenic coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV to help us further understand the pathogenic characteristics of novel coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32386950, "pmcid": "PMC7252195", "title": "Virtual Read-Out: Radiology Education for the 21st Century During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Li, Charles H", "Rajamohan, Anandh G", "Acharya, Patricia T", "Liu, Chia-Shang J", "Patel, Vishal", "Go, John L", "Kim, Paul E", "Acharya, Jay"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Technologic advances have resulted in the expansion of web-based conferencing and education. While historically video-conferencing has been used for didactic educational sessions, we present its novel use in virtual radiology read-outs in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowledge of key aspects of set-up, implementation, and possible pitfalls of video-conferencing technology in the application of virtual read-outs can help to improve the educational experience of radiology trainees and promote potential future distance learning and collaboration."}, {"pmid": 32521294, "title": "Comment on \"The experience on coronavirus disease 2019 and cancer from an oncology hub institution in Milan, Lombardy Region\" and reflections from the Italian Association of Oncology Nurses.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Biagioli, Valentina", "Belloni, Silvia", "Albanesi, Beatrice", "Piredda, Alessio", "Caruso, Rosario"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521294", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273593, "pmcid": "PMC7144544", "title": "Kidney involvement in COVID-19 and rationale for extracorporeal therapies.", "journal": "Nat Rev Nephrol", "authors": ["Ronco, Claudio", "Reis, Thiago"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273593", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413145, "title": "The Evolving COVID-19 Pandemic: An Update.", "journal": "Pediatr Ann", "authors": ["Hageman, Joseph R"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413145", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515339, "title": "[Isoflavones have therapeutic efficacy inoestrogen deficiency].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Hellfritzsch, Maja", "Kumler, Thomas", "Hansen, Anette Tarp", "Tang, Marianne", "Berthelsen, Kasper Gymoese", "Fialla, Annette Dam", "Andersen, Anita Sylvest", "Kampmann, Peter", "Hvas, Anne-Mette"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515339", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The importance of venous thromboembolism (VTE) as a major complication in patients with severe corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is becoming increasingly evident. In this review, we describe the proposed pathophysiology of the prothrombotic coagulation changes observed in patients with COVID-19. Further, based on a review of the currently available evidence on VTE prevalence in patients with COVID-19, we present and discuss the recommendations from the Danish Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis on the use of thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32125452, "pmcid": "PMC7080116", "title": "Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Ruan, Qiurong", "Yang, Kun", "Wang, Wenxia", "Jiang, Lingyu", "Song, Jianxin"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125452", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453051, "pmcid": "PMC7273934", "title": "Peptic Ulcer Disease as a Common Cause of Bleeding in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Melazzini, Federica", "Lenti, Marco Vincenzo", "Mauro, Aurelio", "De Grazia, Federico", "Di Sabatino, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453051", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488645, "pmcid": "PMC7266414", "title": "Illegal Online Sexual Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call for Action Based on Experiences From the Ongoing Prevent It Research Study.", "journal": "Arch Sex Behav", "authors": ["Parks, Allison", "Sparre, Charlotte", "Soderquist, Elin", "Arver, Stefan", "Andersson, Gerhard", "Kaldo, Viktor", "Gorts-Oberg, Katarina", "Rahm, Christoffer"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488645", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374958, "title": "CPR in the Covid-19 Era - An Ethical Framework.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Kramer, Daniel B", "Lo, Bernard", "Dickert, Neal W"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374958", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366457, "title": "Covid-19 in South Korea.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Choi, Jun Yong"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366457", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2) that initially originated from Wuhan, China, in December 2019 has already caused a pandemic. While this novel coronavirus disease (covid-19) frequently induces mild diseases, it has also generated severe diseases among certain populations, including older-aged individuals with underlying diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. As of 31 March 2020, a total of 9786 confirmed cases with covid-19 have been reported in South Korea. South Korea has the highest diagnostic rate for covid-19, which has been the major contributor in overcoming this outbreak. We are trying to reduce the reproduction number of covid-19 to less than one and eventually succeed in controlling this outbreak using methods such as contact tracing, quarantine, testing, isolation, social distancing and school closure. This report aimed to describe the current situation of covid-19 in South Korea and our response to this outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32479798, "pmcid": "PMC7250786", "title": "Burnout and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Intersection, Impact, and Interventions.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Restauri, Nicole", "Sheridan, Alison D"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479798", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has presented myriad challenges to an underprepared health care system. Health care providers are facing unprecedented acute workplace stress compounded by a high baseline rate of physician burnout. This article discusses the relationship between acute stress disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and burnout through a literature review focusing on the mental health impact on health care providers after prior epidemics and natural disasters. We offer both a framework for understanding the mental health impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic on physicians and other health care providers while proposing a systems based model to respond to these challenges."}, {"pmid": 32166318, "pmcid": "PMC7108122", "title": "Protecting Health Care Workers during the COVID-19 Coronavirus Outbreak -Lessons from Taiwan's SARS response.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Schwartz, Jonathan", "King, Chwan-Chuen", "Yen, Muh-Yong"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32166318", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During major epidemic outbreaks, demand for health care workers grows even as the extreme pressures they face cause declining availability. We draw on Taiwan's SARS experience to argue that a modified form of Traffic Control Bundling protects health care worker safety and by extension strengthens overall COVID-19 epidemic control."}, {"pmid": 32496241, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine as prophylaxis or treatment for COVID-19: What does the evidence say?", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Nina, Praveen Balabaskaran", "Dash, Aditya Prasad"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496241", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial has been proposed as possible treatment for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). India has approved the use of HCQ for prophylaxis of asymptomatic health workers treating suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases, and asymptomatic household contacts of confirmed patients. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has issued Emergency Use Authorization for the use of HCQ to treat COVID-19 in adolescents and adults. In this review, we go over the available evidence for and against HCQ's use as prophylaxis or treatment for COVID-19, especially in the Indian context."}, {"pmid": 32404797, "title": "Diagnostic Performance of Chest X-Ray for COVID-19 Pneumonia During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Schiaffino, Simone", "Tritella, Stefania", "Cozzi, Andrea", "Carriero, Serena", "Blandi, Lorenzo", "Ferraris, Laurenzia", "Sardanelli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404797", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chest x-ray (CXR) can play a role in diagnosing patients with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but only few small-scale studies are available. We assessed the diagnostic performance of CXR in consecutive patients presenting at the emergency room at the Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy from February 24 to April 8, 2020 for suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results of CXR were classified as positive or negative according to the original prospective radiologic reports. To overcome the limitations of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) swab, especially oscillating sensitivity, we added the information obtained from phone calls to discharged patients with negative initial RT-PCR. Thus, we included 535 patients with concomitant CXR and RT-PCR on admission (aged 65\u00b117 y; 340 males, 195 females), resulting in 408 RT-PCR positive and 127 negative patients at the composite reference standard. Original CXR reports showed an 89.0% sensitivity (95% confidence intervals [CI], 85.5%-91.8%), 60.6% specificity (95% CI, 51.6%-69.2%), 87.9% positive predictive value (95% CI, 84.4%-90.9%), and 63.1% negative predictive value (95% CI, 53.9%-71.7%). The adoption of CXR alongside RT-PCR to triage patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection could foster a safe and efficient workflow, counteracting possible false negative RT-PCR results."}, {"pmid": 32420918, "title": "Foreword: Research in times of pandemic COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Vanelli, Maurizio", "Signorelli, Carlo", "De Sanctis, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420918", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Editorial."}, {"pmid": 32391371, "pmcid": "PMC7193267", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and the Use of Chloroquine as an Antiviral Treatment.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Rebeaud, Mathieu E", "Zores, Florian"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391371", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530581, "title": "Efforts to Minimize the Impact of Lockdown on Migrant Workers in India During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Singh, Gurvinder Pal", "Arun, Priti", "Chavan, B S"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530581", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484777, "title": "What can a dentist and dental sleep apnea researcher do under COVID-19 lockdown?", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Tanaka, Yasue", "Almeida, Fernanda R"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484777", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499212, "title": "A new system for surveillance and management of COVID-19: STRONG (Spatio-Temporal Reporting Over Network and GPS).", "journal": "JMIR Mhealth Uhealth", "authors": ["Wang, Shaoxiong", "Ding, Shuizi", "Xiong, Li"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499212", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has highlighted the importance of rapid control of the transmission of infectious diseases. This is particularly important for COVID-19, where many individuals are asymptomatic or have only mild symptoms but can still spread the disease. Current systems for controlling transmission rely on patients to report their symptoms to medical professionals and be able to recall and trace all their contacts from the previous few days. This is unrealistic in the modern world. However, existing smartphone-based GPS and social media technology may provide a suitable alternative. We, therefore, developed a mini-program within the app WeChat. This analyzes data from all users and traces close contacts of all patients. This permits early tracing and quarantine of potential sources of infection. Data from the mini-program can also be merged with other data to predict epidemic trends, calculate individual and population risks, and provide recommendations for individual and population protection action. It may also improve our understanding of how the disease spreads. However, there are a number of unresolved questions about the use of smartphone data for health surveillance, including how to protect individual privacy and provide safeguards against data breaches."}, {"pmid": 32302069, "pmcid": "PMC7235504", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion in Humans: A Detailed Protocol for a Serological Assay, Antigen Production, and Test Setup.", "journal": "Curr Protoc Microbiol", "authors": ["Stadlbauer, Daniel", "Amanat, Fatima", "Chromikova, Veronika", "Jiang, Kaijun", "Strohmeier, Shirin", "Arunkumar, Guha Asthagiri", "Tan, Jessica", "Bhavsar, Disha", "Capuano, Christina", "Kirkpatrick, Ericka", "Meade, Philip", "Brito, Ruhi Nichalle", "Teo, Catherine", "McMahon, Meagan", "Simon, Viviana", "Krammer, Florian"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302069", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late 2019, cases of atypical pneumonia were detected in China. The etiological agent was quickly identified as a betacoronavirus (named SARS-CoV-2), which has since caused a pandemic. Several methods allowing for the specific detection of viral nucleic acids have been established, but these only allow detection of the virus during a short period of time, generally during acute infection. Serological assays are urgently needed to conduct serosurveys, to understand the antibody responses mounted in response to the virus, and to identify individuals who are potentially immune to re-infection. Here we describe a detailed protocol for expression of antigens derived from the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 that can serve as a substrate for immunological assays, as well as a two-stage serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These assays can be used for research studies and for testing in clinical laboratories. \u00a9 2020 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1: Mammalian cell transfection and protein purification Basic Protocol 2: A two-stage ELISA for high-throughput screening of human serum samples for antibodies binding to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32501751, "title": "EXPRESS: Brain ischemic and hemorrhagic complications of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Stroke", "authors": ["Sweid, Ahmad", "Hammoud, Batoul", "Bekelis, Kimon", "Missios, Symeon", "Tjoumakaris, Stavropoula I", "Gooch, Michael Reid", "Herial, Nabeel A", "Zarzour, Hekmat", "Romo, Victor", "DePrince, Maureen", "Rosenwasser, Robert H", "Jabbour, Pascal"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501751", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484451, "title": "Critical role of laboratory medicine in the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Adeli, Khosrow"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484451", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326989, "title": "Application of \"Mobile Hospital\" against 2019-nCoV in China.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Yu, Hai-Ping", "Ma, Li-Li", "Hung, Yun-Ying", "Wang, Xue-Bin", "Peng, You-Qing", "Chen, Chi", "Zhuang, Hui-Ren"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326989", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479411, "title": "Using Information Technology to Manage the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Technical Framework Based on Practical Experience in China.", "journal": "JMIR Med Inform", "authors": ["Ye, Qing", "Zhou, Jin", "Wu, Hong"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479411", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic poses an enormous challenge to the global health system, and governments have taken active preventive and control measures. The health informatics community in China has actively taken action to leverage health information technologies for epidemic monitoring, detection, early warning, prevention and control, and other tasks. The aim of this study was to develop a technical framework to respond to the COVID-19 epidemic from a health informatics perspective. In this study, we collected health information technology-related information to understand the actions taken by the health informatics community in China during the COVID-19 outbreak and developed a health information technology framework for epidemic response based on health information technology-related measures and methods. Based on the framework, we review specific health information technology practices for managing the outbreak in China, describe the highlights of their application in detail, and discuss critical issues to consider when using health information technology. Technologies employed include mobile and web-based services such as Internet hospitals and Wechat, big data analyses (including digital contact tracing through QR codes or epidemic prediction), cloud computing, Internet of things, Artificial Intelligence (including the use of drones, robots, and intelligent diagnoses), 5G telemedicine, and clinical information systems to facilitate clinical management for COVID-19. Practical experience in China shows that health information technologies play a pivotal role in responding to the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32250505, "pmcid": "PMC7228382", "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): Characteristics in children and considerations for dentists providing their care.", "journal": "Int J Paediatr Dent", "authors": ["Mallineni, Sreekanth Kumar", "Innes, Nicola P", "Raggio, Daniela Procida", "Araujo, Mariana Pinheiro", "Robertson, Mark D", "Jayaraman, Jayakumar"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250505", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to a global pandemic and one of the most significant challenges to the healthcare profession. Dental practices are focal points for cross-infection, and care must be taken to minimise the risk of infection to, from, or between dental care professionals and patients. The COVID-19 epidemiological and clinical characteristics are still being collated but children's symptoms seem to be milder than those that adults experience. It is unknown whether certain groups, for example children with comorbidities, might be at a higher risk of more severe illness. Emerging data on disease spread in children, affected by COVID-19, have not been presented in detail. The purpose of this article was to report current data on the paediatric population affected with COVID-19 and highlight considerations for dentists providing care for children during this pandemic. All members of the dental team have a professional responsibility to keep themselves informed of current guidance and be vigilant in updating themselves as recommendations are changing so quickly."}, {"pmid": 32466199, "title": "Prioritizing and Analyzing the Role of Climate and Urban Parameters in the Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 Based on Artificial Intelligence Applications.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Shaffiee Haghshenas, Sina", "Pirouz, Behrouz", "Shaffiee Haghshenas, Sami", "Pirouz, Behzad", "Piro, Patrizia", "Na, Kyoung-Sae", "Cho, Seo-Eun", "Geem, Zong Woo"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466199", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nowadays, an infectious disease outbreak is considered one of the most destructive effects in the sustainable development process. The outbreak of new coronavirus (COVID-19) as an infectious disease showed that it has undesirable social, environmental, and economic impacts, and leads to serious challenges and threats. Additionally, investigating the prioritization parameters is of vital importance to reducing the negative impacts of this global crisis. Hence, the main aim of this study is to prioritize and analyze the role of certain environmental parameters. For this purpose, four cities in Italy were selected as a case study and some notable climate parameters-such as daily average temperature, relative humidity, wind speed-and an urban parameter, population density, were considered as input data set, with confirmed cases of COVID-19 being the output dataset. In this paper, two artificial intelligence techniques, including an artificial neural network (ANN) based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and differential evolution (DE) algorithm, were used for prioritizing climate and urban parameters. The analysis is based on the feature selection process and then the obtained results from the proposed models compared to select the best one. Finally, the difference in cost function was about 0.0001 between the performances of the two models, hence, the two methods were not different in cost function, however, ANN-PSO was found to be better, because it reached to the desired precision level in lesser iterations than ANN-DE. In addition, the priority of two variables, urban parameter, and relative humidity, were the highest to predict the confirmed cases of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32198166, "title": "Challenges for NHS hospitals during covid-19 epidemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Willan, John", "King, Andrew John", "Jeffery, Katie", "Bienz, Nicola"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198166", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304639, "pmcid": "PMC7159857", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on people with cystic fibrosis.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Colombo, Carla", "Burgel, Pierre-Regis", "Gartner, Silvia", "van Koningsbruggen-Rietschel, Silke", "Naehrlich, Lutz", "Sermet-Gaudelus, Isabelle", "Southern, Kevin W"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304639", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32218915, "pmcid": "PMC7097833", "title": "National Institute for the Infectious Diseases \"L. Spallanzani\", IRCCS. Recommendations for COVID-19 clinical management.", "journal": "Infect Dis Rep", "authors": ["Nicastri, Emanuele", "Petrosillo, Nicola", "Bartoli, Tommaso Ascoli", "Lepore, Luciana", "Mondi, Annalisa", "Palmieri, Fabrizio", "D'Offizi, Gianpiero", "Marchioni, Luisa", "Murachelli, Silvia", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Antinori, Andrea"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218915", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 9 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the identification, by Chinese Health authorities, of a novel coronavirus, further classified as SARS-CoV-2 responsible of a disease (COVID-19) ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe respiratory involvement. On March 9 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. Italy is the second most affected country by COVID-19 infection after China. The \"L. Spallanzani\" National Institute for the Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy, has been the first Italian hospital to admit and manage patients affected by COVID-19. Hereby, we show our recommendations for the management of COVID-19 patients, based on very limited clinical evidences; they should be considered as expert opinions, which may be modified according to newly produced literature data."}, {"pmid": 32239799, "title": "The versatile heparin in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Thachil, Jecko"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239799", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365567, "title": "Lab-on-a-Chip Technologies for the Single Cell Level: Separation, Analysis, and Diagnostics.", "journal": "Micromachines (Basel)", "authors": ["Hochstetter, Axel"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365567", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the last three decades, microfluidics and its applications have been on an exponential rise, including approaches to isolate rare cells and diagnose diseases on the single-cell level. The techniques mentioned herein have already had significant impacts in our lives, from in-the-field diagnosis of disease and parasitic infections, through home fertility tests, to uncovering the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and their host cells. This review gives an overview of the field in general and the most notable developments of the last five years, in three parts: 1. What can we detect? 2. Which detection technologies are used in which setting? 3. How do these techniques work? Finally, this review discusses potentials, shortfalls, and an outlook on future developments, especially in respect to the funding landscape and the field-application of these chips."}, {"pmid": 32464105, "pmcid": "PMC7247794", "title": "Sudden severe thrombocytopenia in a patient in the recovery stage of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Chen, Wanxin", "Yang, Bohan", "Li, Ziping", "Wang, Ping", "Chen, Yan", "Zhou, Hao"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464105", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413251, "title": "Nebulized Treatments and the Possible Risk of Coronavirus Transmission: Where Is the Evidence?", "journal": "Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis", "authors": ["Tashkin, Donald P", "Barjaktarevic, Igor Z"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413251", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517687, "title": "COVID-19 cancer conundrum-evidence driving decisions or the lack of it?", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Joharatnam-Hogan, Nalinie", "Khan, Khurum"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517687", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454512, "title": "A human neutralizing antibody targets the receptor binding site of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Shi, Rui", "Shan, Chao", "Duan, Xiaomin", "Chen, Zhihai", "Liu, Peipei", "Song, Jinwen", "Song, Tao", "Bi, Xiaoshan", "Han, Chao", "Wu, Lianao", "Gao, Ge", "Hu, Xue", "Zhang, Yanan", "Tong, Zhou", "Huang, Weijin", "Liu, William Jun", "Wu, Guizhen", "Zhang, Bo", "Wang, Lan", "Qi, Jianxun", "Feng, Hui", "Wang, Fu-Sheng", "Wang, Qihui", "Gao, George Fu", "Yuan, Zhiming", "Yan, Jinghua"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454512", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)1-3, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)4 spread globally. Countermeasures are needed to treat and prevent further dissemination of the virus. In this study, we report the isolation of 2 specific human monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from a convalescent COVID-19 patient. CA1 and CB6 demonstrated potent SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralization activity in vitro against SARS-CoV-2. In addition, CB6 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus monkeys at both prophylactic and treatment settings. Further structural studies revealed that CB6 recognizes an epitope that overlaps with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-binding sites in SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD), thereby interfering with the virus/receptor interactions by both steric hindrance and direct interface-residue competition. Our results suggest CB6 deserves further clinical translation."}, {"pmid": 32406001, "pmcid": "PMC7220846", "title": "COVID-19 with rheumatic diseases: a report of 5 cases.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Cheng, Chuanfang", "Li, Chuanjing", "Zhao, Tao", "Yue, Jing", "Yang, Fang", "Yan, Yimin", "Liu, Xiaoan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406001", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the result of an infection with the new virus, SARS-CoV-2, is rapidly spreading worldwide. It is largely unknown whether the occurrence of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic immune diseases has some specific manifestations, or makes them more prone to rapidly progress into severe COVID-19. In this case report, we describe the clinical features of 5 rheumatic immune disease patients with the concomitant presence of COVID-19. Amongst these patients, 4 had rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 1 had systemic sclerosis (SSc). Two patients had a history of close contact with a COVID-19 patient. The age of the patients ranged between 51 and 79\u00a0years. Fever (80%), cough (80%), dyspnea (40%), and fatigue (20%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Laboratory investigations revealed leukopenia and lymphopenia in 2 patients. In all the patients, chest computerized tomography (CT) revealed patchy ground glass opacities in the lungs. During the hospital stay, the condition of two patients remained the same (i.e., mild COVID-19), two patients progressed to the severe COVID-19, and one patient worsened to the critically ill COVID-19. These patients were treated with antiviral agents for COVID-19, antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections, and immunomodulatory agents for rheumatic immune diseases. All the patients responded well, were cured of COVID-19, and subsequently discharged."}, {"pmid": 32450934, "title": "Practical Guidance for Outpatient Spasticity Management during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Canadian Spasticity COVID-19 Task Force.", "journal": "Can J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Reebye, Rajiv", "Finlayson, Heather", "May, Curtis", "Satkunam, Lalith", "Wein, Theodore", "Miller, Thomas", "Boulias, Chris", "O'Connell, Colleen", "Bohorquez, Anibal", "Dukelow, Sean", "Ethans, Karen", "Ismail, Farooq", "Khalil, Waill", "Khan, Omar", "Lagnau, Philippe", "McNeill, Stephen", "Mills, Patricia", "Sirois, Genevieve", "Winston, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450934", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253318, "pmcid": "PMC7196837", "title": "Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Duan, Kai", "Liu, Bende", "Li, Cesheng", "Zhang, Huajun", "Yu, Ting", "Qu, Jieming", "Zhou, Min", "Chen, Li", "Meng, Shengli", "Hu, Yong", "Peng, Cheng", "Yuan, Mingchao", "Huang, Jinyan", "Wang, Zejun", "Yu, Jianhong", "Gao, Xiaoxiao", "Wang, Dan", "Yu, Xiaoqi", "Li, Li", "Zhang, Jiayou", "Wu, Xiao", "Li, Bei", "Xu, Yanping", "Chen, Wei", "Peng, Yan", "Hu, Yeqin", "Lin, Lianzhen", "Liu, Xuefei", "Huang, Shihe", "Zhou, Zhijun", "Zhang, Lianghao", "Wang, Yue", "Zhang, Zhi", "Deng, Kun", "Xia, Zhiwu", "Gong, Qin", "Zhang, Wei", "Zheng, Xiaobei", "Liu, Ying", "Yang, Huichuan", "Zhou, Dongbo", "Yu, Ding", "Hou, Jifeng", "Shi, Zhengli", "Chen, Saijuan", "Chen, Zhu", "Zhang, Xinxin", "Yang, Xiaoming"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253318", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, there are no approved specific antiviral agents for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, 10 severe patients confirmed by real-time viral RNA test were enrolled prospectively. One dose of 200 mL of convalescent plasma (CP) derived from recently recovered donors with the neutralizing antibody titers above 1:640 was transfused to the patients as an addition to maximal supportive care and antiviral agents. The primary endpoint was the safety of CP transfusion. The second endpoints were the improvement of clinical symptoms and laboratory parameters within 3 d after CP transfusion. The median time from onset of illness to CP transfusion was 16.5 d. After CP transfusion, the level of neutralizing antibody increased rapidly up to 1:640 in five cases, while that of the other four cases maintained at a high level (1:640). The clinical symptoms were significantly improved along with increase of oxyhemoglobin saturation within 3 d. Several parameters tended to improve as compared to pretransfusion, including increased lymphocyte counts (0.65 \u00d7 109/L vs. 0.76 \u00d7 109/L) and decreased C-reactive protein (55.98 mg/L vs. 18.13 mg/L). Radiological examinations showed varying degrees of absorption of lung lesions within 7 d. The viral load was undetectable after transfusion in seven patients who had previous viremia. No severe adverse effects were observed. This study showed CP therapy was well tolerated and could potentially improve the clinical outcomes through neutralizing viremia in severe COVID-19 cases. The optimal dose and time point, as well as the clinical benefit of CP therapy, needs further investigation in larger well-controlled trials."}, {"pmid": 32388332, "pmcid": "PMC7202835", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection and glucose homeostasis in pregnancy. What about antenatal corticosteroids?", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Kakoulidis, Ioannis", "Ilias, Ioannis", "Koukkou, Eftychia"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388332", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Administration of corticosteroids is common in obstetric practice. In this concise review we queried on the effects of corticosteroids in pregnancies complicated by SARS-CoV-2. We performed a literature search on PubMed, regarding the use of corticosteroids in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, in pregnancies complicated by SARS-CoV-2, as well as their impact on glycemia in pregnant women with or without diabetes. Furthermore, we searched for effects of SARS-CoV-2 and of other coronaviridae on insulin secretion and glycemia. SARS-CoV-2 infection appears to be a risk factor for complications in pregnancy. Corticosteroids may not be recommended for treating SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia but they may be needed for at-risk pregnancies. Corticosteroids in pregnancy have a diabetogenic potential. SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviridae may have effects on glycemia. Caution should be exercised while using corticosteroids in pregnant women with COVID-19 requiring preterm delivery."}, {"pmid": 32400879, "pmcid": "PMC7239148", "title": "Human factors and ergonomics at time of crises: the Italian experience coping with COVID19.", "journal": "Int J Qual Health Care", "authors": ["Albolino, Sara", "Dagliana, Giulia", "Tanzini, Michela", "Toccafondi, Giulio", "Beleffi, Elena", "Ranzani, Francesco", "Flore, Elisabetta"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400879", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several of the key organizational issues that we have had to face with the emergence of COVID-19 crisis are related to Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE) and the safety culture. During the crisis the main activities of the healthcare services have been profoundly affected. Patient safety and risk management units have also experienced the need to adapt rapidly. What can we do as HFE experts, now that the scenario has completely changed? We contend that:We can favour and support the heuristics that are applied to manage the load of psycho-cognitive stress;We can observe, collect strategies and develop analytic schemes, thereby creating a memory of the organization for improvement in the future;And we can support in educating and engaging the public. This crisis has forced the community of healthcare experts to broaden their reflections: for the future to come, our communities of experts in the field of risk management HF/E, quality and safety of care and public health should play together an important role from the very beginning, from the time of peace."}, {"pmid": 32447102, "pmcid": "PMC7241396", "title": "Negative impact of hyperglycaemia on tocilizumab therapy in Covid-19 patients.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab", "authors": ["Marfella, R", "Paolisso, P", "Sardu, C", "Bergamaschi, L", "D'Angelo, E C", "Barbieri, M", "Rizzo, M R", "Messina, V", "Maggi, P", "Coppola, N", "Pizzi, C", "Biffi, M", "Viale, P", "Galie, N", "Paolisso, G"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447102", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tocilizumab (TCZ) is used for treating moderate-to-severe Covid-19 pneumonia by targeting interleukin-6 receptors (IL-6Rs) and reducing cytokine release. Yet, in spite of this therapy, patients with vs. patients without diabetes have an adverse disease course. In fact, glucose homoeostasis has influenced the outcomes of diabetes patients with infectious diseases. Of the 475 Covid-19-positive patients admitted to infectious disease departments (University of Bologna, University Vanvitelli of Napoli, San Sebastiano Caserta Hospital) in Italy since 1 March 2020, 31 (39.7%) hyperglycaemic and 47 (60.3%) normoglycaemic patients (blood glucose levels \u2265140mg/dL) were retrospectively evaluated at admission and during their hospital stay. Of note, 20 (64%) hyperglycaemic and 11 (23.4%) normoglycaemic patients had diabetes (P<0.01). At admission, hyperglycaemic vs. normoglycaemic patients had fivefold higher IL-6 levels, which persisted even after TCZ administration (P<0.05). Intriguingly, in a risk-adjusted Cox regression analysis, TCZ in hyperglycaemic patients failed to attenuate risk of severe outcomes as it did in normoglycaemic patients (P<0.009). Also, in hyperglycaemic patients, higher IL-6 plasma levels reduced the effects of TCZ, while adding IL-6 levels to the Cox regression model led to loss of significance (P<0.07) of its effects. Moreover, there was evidence that optimal Covid-19 infection management with TCZ is not achieved during hyperglycaemia in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. These data may be of interest to currently ongoing clinical trials of TCZ effects in Covid-19 patients and of optimal control of glycaemia in this patient subset."}, {"pmid": 32330542, "pmcid": "PMC7172665", "title": "A Call for Rapid Submission of Data for Aggregate Review: Can Daily Radiotherapy Imaging Be Used as a Potential Screen for Coronavirus Disease 2019?", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Warren, Graham W", "Adjei, Alex A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330542", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32225019, "pmcid": "PMC7178153", "title": "Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) Analysis of China's Prevention and Control Strategy for the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Wang, Jia", "Wang, Zhifeng"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32225019", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study used the Strengths (S), Weaknesses (W), Opportunities (O) and Threats (T) (SWOT) analysis method, drawing on our experience of the response to the 2003 SARS epidemic, the 2019 China Health Statistics Yearbook data, and changes in China's policy environment for the pneumonia epidemic response relating to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection, to perform a systematic analysis of the COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control strategy S, W, O, and T, with a further analysis of a strategic foundation and to determine a significant and relative strategy. We assessed and formulated strength-opportunity (SO), weakness-opportunity (WO), strength-threat (ST), and weakness-threat (WT) strategies for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic. We conducted an in-depth analysis and identified the highest-priority policies. These are: reshaping the emergency system (SO1); adding health emergency departments to universities and other institutions (WO2); adjusting the economic structure and strengthening international and domestic linkages (ST2); and strengthening public intervention in responding to public health emergencies (WT1)."}, {"pmid": 32105609, "pmcid": "PMC7159085", "title": "COVID-19 control in China during mass population movements at New Year.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chen, Simiao", "Yang, Juntao", "Yang, Weizhong", "Wang, Chen", "Barnighausen, Till"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105609", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458382, "pmcid": "PMC7250284", "title": "\"The storm has arrived\": the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on medical students.", "journal": "Perspect Med Educ", "authors": ["Klasen, Jennifer M", "Vithyapathy, Akschaya", "Zante, Bjoern", "Burm, Sarah"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458382", "countries": ["Switzerland", "Canada", "Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a\u00a0few weeks, the global community has witnessed, and for some of us experienced first-hand, the human costs of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is incredible variability in how countries are choosing to thwart the disease's outbreak, sparking intense discussions around what it means to teach and learn in the era of COVID-19, and more specifically, the role medical students play in the midst of the pandemic. A\u00a0multi-national and multi-institutional group made up of a\u00a0dedicated medical student from Austria, passionate clinicians and educators from Switzerland, and a\u00a0PhD scientist involved in Medical Education from Canada, have assembled to summarize the ingenious ways medical students around the world are contributing to emergency efforts. They argue that such efforts change COVID-19 from a\u00a0\"disruption\" to medical students learning to something more tangible, more important, allowing students to become stakeholders in the expansion and delivery of healthcare."}, {"pmid": 32503662, "pmcid": "PMC7273378", "title": "Norwegian Coronavirus Disease 2019 (NO COVID-19) Pragmatic Open label Study to assess early use of hydroxychloroquine sulphate in moderately severe hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Lyngbakken, Magnus Nakrem", "Berdal, Jan-Erik", "Eskesen, Arne", "Kvale, Dag", "Olsen, Inge Christoffer", "Rangberg, Anbjorg", "Jonassen, Christine Monceyron", "Omland, Torbjorn", "Rosjo, Helge", "Dalgard, Olav"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503662", "countries": ["Norway"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The hypothesis of the study is that treatment with hydroxychloroquine sulphate in hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is safe and will accelerate the virological clearance rate for patients with moderately severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) when compared to standard care. Furthermore, we hypothesize that early treatment with hydroxychloroquine sulphate is associated with more rapid resolve of clinical symptoms as assessed by the National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS2), decreased admission rate to intensive care units and mortality, and improvement in protein biomarker profiles (C-reactive protein, markers of renal and hepatic injury, and established cardiac biomarkers like cardiac troponin and B-type natriuretic peptide). The study is a two-arm, open label, pragmatic randomised controlled group sequential adaptive trial designed to assess the effect on viral loads and clinical outcome of hydroxychloroquine sulphate therapy in addition to standard care compared to standard care alone in patients with established Covid-19. By utilizing resources already paid for by the hospitals (physicians and nurses in daily clinical practice), this pragmatic trial can include a larger number of patients over a short period of time and at a lower cost than studies utilizing traditional randomized controlled trial designs with an external study organization. The pragmatic approach will enable swift initiation of randomisation and allocation to treatment. Patients will be recruited from all inpatients at Akershus University Hospital, L\u00f8renskog, Norway. Electronic real-time surveillance of laboratory reports from the Department of Microbiology will be examined regularly for SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects. All of the following conditions must apply to the prospective patient at screening prior to inclusion: (1) Hospitalisation; (2) Adults 18 years or older; (3) Moderately severe Covid-19 disease (NEWS2 of 6 or less); (4) SARS-CoV-2 positive nasopharyngeal swab; (5) Expected time of hospitalisation > 48 hours; and (6) Signed informed consent must be obtained and documented according to Good Clinical Practice guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonization, and national/local regulations. Patients will be excluded from participation in the study if they meet any of the following criteria: (1) Requiring intensive care unit admission at screening; (2) History of psoriasis; (3) Known adverse reaction to hydroxychloroquine sulphate; (4) Pregnancy; or (5) Prolonged corrected QT interval (>450 ms). Clinical data, including standard hospital biochemistry, medical therapy, vital signs, NEWS2, and microbiology results (including blood culture results and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] for other upper airway viruses), will be automatically extracted from the hospital electronic records and merged with the study specific database. Included patients will be randomised in a 1:1 ratio to (1) standard care with the addition of 400 mg hydroxychloroquine sulphate (PlaquenilTM) twice daily for seven days or (2) standard care alone. The primary endpoint of the study is the rate of decline in SARS-CoV-2 viral load in oropharyngeal samples as assessed by RT-PCR in samples collected at baseline, 48 and 96 hours after randomization and administration of drug for the intervention arm. Secondary endpoints include change in NEWS2 at 96 hours after randomisation, admission to intensive care unit, mortality (in-hospital, and at 30 and 90 days), duration of hospital admission, clinical status on a 7-point ordinal scale 14 days after randomization ([1] Death [2] Hospitalised, on invasive mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [3] Hospitalised, on non-invasive ventilation or high flow oxygen devices [4] Hospitalized, requiring supplemental oxygen [5] Hospitalised, not requiring supplemental oxygen [6] Not hospitalized, but unable to resume normal activities [7] Not hospitalised, with resumption of normal activities), and improvement in protein biomarker profiles (C-reactive protein, markers of renal and hepatic injury, and established cardiac biomarkers like cardiac troponin and B-type natriuretic peptide) at 96 hours after randomization. Eligible patients will be allocated in a 1:1 ratio, using a computer randomisation procedure. The allocation sequence has been prepared by an independent statistician. Open label randomised controlled pragmatic trial without blinding, no active or placebo control. The virologist assessing viral load in the oropharyngeal samples and the statistician responsible for analysis of the data will be blinded to the treatment allocation for the statistical analyses. This is a group sequential adaptive trial where analyses are planned after 51, 101, 151 and 202 completed patients, with a maximum sample size of 202 patients (101 patients allocated to intervention and standard care and 101 patients allocated to standard care alone). Protocol version 1.3 (March 26, 2020). Recruitment of first patient on March 26, 2020, and 51 patients were included as per April 28, 2020. Study recruitment is anticipated to be completed by July 2020. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04316377. Trial registered March 20, 2020. The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32272142, "pmcid": "PMC7195166", "title": "More evidence is urgently needed to confirm the relation between angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Mol Cell Cardiol", "authors": ["Yang, Shengju", "Meng, Guoliang"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272142", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291202, "pmcid": "PMC7151362", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak: From \"black swan\" to global challenges and opportunities.", "journal": "Pulmonology", "authors": ["Mazzoleni, Stefano", "Turchetti, Giuseppe", "Ambrosino, Nicolino"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291202", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345581, "title": "Covid-19: UK's chief scientific officer defends make up of advisory group.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Feinmann, Jane"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345581", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342878, "pmcid": "PMC7194719", "title": "Recommendations for the use of radiation therapy in managing patients with gastrointestinal malignancies in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Tchelebi, Leila T", "Haustermans, Karin", "Scorsetti, Marta", "Hosni, Ali", "Huguet, Florence", "Hawkins, Maria A", "Dawson, Laura A", "Goodman, Karyn A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342878", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of April 6, 2020, there are over 1,200,000 reported cases and 70,000 deaths worldwide due to COVID-19, the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and these numbers rise exponentially by the day [1]. According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the most effective means of minimizing the spread of the virus is through reducing interactions between individuals [2]. We performed a review of the literature, as well as national and international treatment guidelines, seeking data in support of the RADS principle (Remote visits, Avoid radiation, Defer radiation, Shorten radiation) [3] as it applies to gastrointestinal cancers. The purpose of the present work is to guide radiation oncologists managing patients with gastrointestinal cancers during the COVID-19 crisis in order to maintain the safety of our patients, while minimizing the impact of the pandemic on cancer outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32423251, "title": "Comparison of cardiovascular metabolic characteristics and impact on COVID-19 and MERS.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Li, Bo", "Jin, Xiaodong", "Zhang, Tongtong", "Zhao, Yan", "Tian, Feng", "Li, Yuhua", "Yang, Jing", "Zhao, Faming", "Li, Bin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423251", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354636, "pmcid": "PMC7194930", "title": "Blockade of SARS-CoV-2 infection by recombinant soluble ACE2.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Alhenc-Gelas, Francois", "Drueke, Tilman B"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354636", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330541, "pmcid": "PMC7172785", "title": "Do patients with cancer have a poorer prognosis of COVID-19? An experience in New York City.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Miyashita, H", "Mikami, T", "Chopra, N", "Yamada, T", "Chernyavsky, S", "Rizk, D", "Cruz, C"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330541", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519302, "title": "Mesenchymal stem cell therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome: from basic to clinics.", "journal": "Protein Cell", "authors": ["Qin, Hua", "Zhao, Andong"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519302", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has occurred in China and around the world. SARS-CoV-2-infected patients with severe pneumonia rapidly develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and die of multiple organ failure. Despite advances in supportive care approaches, ARDS is still associated with high mortality and morbidity. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy may be an potential alternative strategy for treating ARDS by targeting the various pathophysiological events of ARDS. By releasing a variety of paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles, MSC can exert anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-microbial, and pro-angiogenic effects, promote bacterial and alveolar fluid clearance, disrupt the pulmonary endothelial and epithelial cell damage, eventually avoiding the lung and distal organ injuries to rescue patients with ARDS. An increasing number of experimental animal studies and early clinical studies verify the safety and efficacy of MSC therapy in ARDS. Since low cell engraftment and survival in lung limit MSC therapeutic potentials, several strategies have been developed to enhance their engraftment in the lung and their intrinsic, therapeutic properties. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the mechanisms and optimization of MSC therapy in ARDS and highlighted the potentials and possible barriers of MSC therapy for COVID-19 patients with ARDS."}, {"pmid": 32355243, "title": "Scores of coronavirus vaccines are in competition - how will scientists choose the best?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355243", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407257, "title": "Assessing the Value of Diagnostic Tests in the New World of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Sardanelli, Francesco", "Di Leo, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407257", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318891, "pmcid": "PMC7173353", "title": "Sonographic signs and patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Ultrasound J", "authors": ["Volpicelli, Giovanni", "Gargani, Luna"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318891", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of COVID-19 is seriously challenging the medical organization in many parts of the world. This novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2 has a specific tropism for the low respiratory airways, but causes severe pneumonia in a low percentage of patients. However, the rapid spread of the infection during this pandemic is causing the need to hospitalize a high number of patients. Pneumonia in COVID-19 has peculiar features and can be studied by lung ultrasound in the early approach to suspected patients. The sonographic signs are non-specific when considered alone, but observation of some aspects of vertical artifacts can enhance the diagnostic power of the ultrasound examination. Also, the combination of sonographic signs in patterns and their correlation with blood exams in different phenotypes of the disease\u00a0may allow for a reliable characterization and be of help in triaging and admitting patients."}, {"pmid": 32361072, "pmcid": "PMC7190553", "title": "Emerging practice patterns in vascular surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Hemingway, Jake F", "Singh, Niten", "Starnes, Benjamin W"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361072", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ever since the first positive test was identified on January 21, 2020, Washington State has been on the frontlines of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Using information obtained from Italian surgeons in Milan and given the concerns regarding the increasing case numbers in Washington State, we implemented new vascular surgery guidelines, which canceled all nonemergent surgical procedures and involved significant changes to our inpatient and outpatient workflow. The consequences of these decisions are not yet understood. The vascular surgery division at Harborview Medical Center immediately instituted new vascular surgery COVID-19 practice guidelines on March 17, 2020. Subsequent clinic, operative, and consultation volume data were collected for the next 4\u00a0weeks and compared with the historical averages. The Washington State case and death numbers and University of Washington Medical Center (UW Medicine) hospital case volumes were collected from publicly available sources. Since March 10, 2020, the number of confirmed positive COVID-19 cases within the UW Medicine system has increased 1867%, with floor and intensive care unit bed usage increasing by 120% and 215%, respectively. After instituting our new COVID-19 guidelines, our average weekly clinical volume decreased by 96.5% (from 43.1 patients to 1.5 patients per week), our average weekly surgical volume decreased by 71.7% (from 15 cases to 4.25 cases per week), and our inpatient consultation volume decreased to 1.81 consultations daily; 60% of the consultations were completed as telemedicine \"e-consults\" in which the patient was never evaluated in-person. The trainee surgical volume has also decreased by 86.4% for the vascular surgery fellow and 84.8% for the integrated resident. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed every aspect of \"normal\" vascular surgical practice in a large academic institution. New practice guidelines effectively reduced operating room usage and decreased staff and trainee exposure to potential infection, with the changes to clinic volume not resulting in an immediate increase in emergency department or inpatient consultations or acute surgical emergencies. These changes, although preserving resources, have also reduced trainee exposure and operative volume significantly, which requires new modes of education delivery. The lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic, if analyzed, will help us prepare for the next crisis."}, {"pmid": 32397138, "title": "A Systematic Review Analyzing the Prevalence and Circulation of Influenza Viruses in Swine Population Worldwide.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Chauhan, Ravendra P", "Gordon, Michelle L"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397138", "countries": ["Canada", "Egypt", "Korea, Republic of", "Australia", "China", "United States", "Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global anxiety and a significant threat to public health due to the current COVID-19 pandemic reiterate the need for active surveillance for the zoonotic virus diseases of pandemic potential. Influenza virus due to its wide host range and zoonotic potential poses such a significant threat to public health. Swine serve as a \"mixing vessel\" for influenza virus reassortment and evolution which as a result may facilitate the emergence of new strains or subtypes of zoonotic potential. In this context, the currently available scientific data hold a high significance to unravel influenza virus epidemiology and evolution. With this objective, the current systematic review summarizes the original research articles and case reports of all the four types of influenza viruses reported in swine populations worldwide. A total of 281 articles were found eligible through screening of PubMed and Google Scholar databases and hence were included in this systematic review. The highest number of research articles (n = 107) were reported from Asia, followed by Americas (n = 97), Europe (n = 55), Africa (n = 18), and Australia (n = 4). The H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were the most common influenza A virus subtypes reported in swine in most countries across the globe, however, few strains of influenza B, C, and D viruses were also reported in certain countries. Multiple reports of the avian influenza virus strains documented in the last two decades in swine in China, the United States, Canada, South Korea, Nigeria, and Egypt provided the evidence of interspecies transmission of influenza viruses from birds to swine. Inter-species transmission of equine influenza virus H3N8 from horse to swine in China expanded the genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses. Additionally, numerous reports of the double and triple-reassortant strains which emerged due to reassortments among avian, human, and swine strains within swine further increased the genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses. These findings are alarming hence active surveillance should be in place to prevent future influenza pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32399549, "pmcid": "PMC7239245", "title": "Chinese pharmacists' rapid response to the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Tan, Sheng-Lan", "Zhang, Bi-Kui", "Xu, Ping"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399549", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223353, "title": "Biological treatment during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Sriwijitalai, Won", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223353", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525378, "title": "Implementing an emotional support and mental health response plan for healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Miotto, Karen", "Sanford, Jesse", "Brymer, Melissa J", "Bursch, Brenda", "Pynoos, Robert S"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525378", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Institutions across the world are working to develop initiatives aimed at supporting the well-being of healthcare workers (HCWs) facing the psychological impacts of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. This Commentary identifies risks that HCWs are experiencing, reviews sources of fear and stress, and describes the implementation of a three-tiered model for the provision of emotional support and mental health services for clinical and nonclinical HCWs. The model recognizes the fluid, ever-evolving nature of the COVID-19 pandemic and includes proactive, visible, and easy-to-access supportive psychological services that expand the safety net and help address immediate and future mental health challenges of HCWs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32428379, "title": "Understanding SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis for COVID-19 drug repurposing.", "journal": "FEBS J", "authors": ["Glebov, Oleg O"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428379", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The quest for the effective treatment against coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus 2(CoV-2) coronavirus is hampered by the lack of knowledge concerning the basic cell biology of the infection. Given that most viruses use endocytosis to enter the host cell, mechanistic investigation of SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to consider the diversity of endocytic pathways available for SARS-CoV-2 entry in the human lung epithelium. Taking advantage of the well-established methodology of membrane trafficking studies, this research direction allows for the rapid characterisation of the key cell biological mechanism(s) responsible for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Furthermore, 11 clinically approved generic drugs are identified as potential candidates for repurposing as blockers of several potential routes for SARS-CoV-2 endocytosis. More broadly, the paradigm of targeting a fundamental aspect of human cell biology to protect against infection may be advantageous in the context of future pandemic outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32298525, "pmcid": "PMC7231513", "title": "A Policy to Do Better Next Time: Lessons Learned From the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "ACR Open Rheumatol", "authors": ["Yelin, Edward", "Katz, Patti", "Banks, Cristina"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298525", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216114, "pmcid": "PMC7184779", "title": "Structural and biochemical characterization of SADS-CoV papain-like protease 2.", "journal": "Protein Sci", "authors": ["Wang, Lu", "Hu, Weihua", "Fan, Chengpeng"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216114", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a novel coronavirus that is involved in severe diarrhea disease in piglets, causing considerable agricultural and economic loss in China. The emergence of this new coronavirus increases the importance of understanding SADS-CoV as well as antivirals. Coronaviral proteases, including main proteases and papain-like proteases (PLP), are attractive antiviral targets because of their essential roles in polyprotein processing and thus viral maturation. Here, we describe the biochemical and structural identification of recombinant SADS papain-like protease 2 (PLP2) domain of nsp3. The SADS-CoV PLP2 was shown to cleave nsp1 proteins and also peptides mimicking the nsp2|nsp3 cleavage site and also had deubiquitinating and deISGynating activity by in vitro assays. The crystal structure adopts an architecture resembling that of PLPs from other coronaviruses. We characterize both conserved and unique structural features likely directing the interaction of PLP2 with the substrates, including the tentative mapping of active site and other essential residues. These results provide a foundation for understanding the molecular basis of coronaviral PLPs' catalytic mechanism and for the screening and design of therapeutics to combat infection by SADS coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32479811, "pmcid": "PMC7246053", "title": "Considerations for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons in COVID-19 Era: Can We Sustain the Solutions to Keep Our Patients and Healthcare Personnel Safe?", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Chigurupati, Radhika", "Panchal, Neeraj", "Henry, Andrew M", "Batal, Hussam", "Sethi, Amit", "D'innocenzo, Richard", "Mehra, Pushkar", "Krishnan, Deepak G", "Roser, Steven M"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479811", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several uncertainties exist regarding how we will conduct our clinical, didactic, business, and social activities as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic abates and social distancing guidelines are relaxed. We anticipate changes in how we interact with our patients and other providers, how patient workflow is designed, the methods used to conduct our teaching sessions, and how we perform procedures in different clinical settings. The objective of the present report is to review some of the changes to consider in the clinical and academic oral and maxillofacial surgery workflow and, allow for a smoother transition, with less risk to our patients and healthcare personnel. New infection control policies should be strictly enforced and monitored in all clinical and nonclinical settings, with an overall goal to decrease the risk of exposure and transmission. Screening for COVID-19 symptoms, testing when indicated, and establishing the epidemiologic linkage will be crucial to containing and preventing new COVID-19 cases until a vaccine or an alternate solution is available. Additionally, the shortage of essential supplies such as drugs and personal protective equipment, the design and ventilation of workspaces and waiting areas, the\u00a0increase in overhead costs, and the possible absence of staff, if quarantine is necessary, must be considered. This shift in our workflow and patient care paths will likely continue in the short-term at least through 2021 or the next 12 to 24\u00a0months. Thus, we must prioritize surgery, balancing patient preferences and healthcare personnel risks. We have an opportunity now to make changes and embrace telemedicine and other collaborative virtual platforms for teaching and clinical care. It is crucial that we maintain COVID-19 awareness, proper surveillance in our microenvironments, good clinical judgment, and ethical values to continue to deliver high-quality, economical, and accessible patient care."}, {"pmid": 32361588, "pmcid": "PMC7195103", "title": "Plausible mechanisms of Niclosamide as an antiviral agent against COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Pindiprolu, Sai Kiran S S", "Pindiprolu, Sai Harshini"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361588", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused 18 440 deaths world wide as of 25 March 2020 and posing a serious threat to public health. There is a need, therefore, for effective therapeutic strategies to cure this disease. However, high attrition rates, substantial costs and slow pace are the major limitations of novel drug discovery. Drug repurposing, by employing 'old' drugs to treat 'new' diseases is an attractive approach in drug discovery. Niclosamide (NIC) is an approved anti-helminthic drug with diverse antiviral mechanisms. In this work we hypothesize, the potential antiviral mechanisms of NIC against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32228222, "pmcid": "PMC7170368", "title": "Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors improve the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hypertension.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Meng, Juan", "Xiao, Guohui", "Zhang, Juanjuan", "He, Xing", "Ou, Min", "Bi, Jing", "Yang, Rongqing", "Di, Wencheng", "Wang, Zhaoqin", "Li, Zigang", "Gao, Hong", "Liu, Lei", "Zhang, Guoliang"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228222", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been observed in coronavirus infection disease (COVID-19) patients, but whether RAS inhibitors, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs), are associated with clinical outcomes remains unknown. COVID-19 patients with hypertension were enrolled to evaluate the effect of RAS inhibitors. We observed that patients receiving ACEI or ARB therapy had a lower rate of severe diseases and a trend toward a lower level of IL-6 in peripheral blood. In addition, ACEI or ARB therapy increased CD3 and CD8 T cell counts in peripheral blood and decreased the peak viral load compared to other antihypertensive drugs. This evidence supports the benefit of using ACEIs or ARBs to potentially contribute to the improvement of clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with hypertension."}, {"pmid": 32213269, "title": "[Analysis on cluster cases of COVID-19 in Tianjin].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, Y F", "Li, J M", "Zhou, P H", "Liu, J", "Dong, X C", "Lyu, J", "Zhang, Y"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213269", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To understand the characteristics of clusters of COVID-19 cases in Tianjin, and provide epidemiological evidence for the prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods: The data of all the COVID-19 cluster cases in Tianjin, reported by 22 February 2020, were collected to analyze the characteristics of different types of the clusters. Results: A total of 115 COVID-19 cases were reported in 33 clusters in Tianjin included 28 family clusters (71 cases), 1 work place cluster (10 cases), 3 transport vehicle clusters (8 cases) and 1 public place cluster (26 cases). Family clusters were caused by the cases from the working place or public place clusters. Numbers of secondary cases of family clusters was between 1 to 7, the median number was 2. The interval from onset to diagnosis for the first case was longer than those of other cases in the familial clusters (Z=-2.406, P=0.016). The median of incubation period of the public place clusters was 2 days. The intervals from onset to diagnosis were significant different among the family, working place and public place clusters (H=8.843, P=0.012), and also significant differences in onset time among the secondary cases (H=16.607, P=0.000). Conclusions: In the surveillance of COVID-19 epidemic, special attention should be paid to places where clustering are prone to occur, and the epidemiological investigation should be carried out timely to confirm the cluster. To prevent the transmission of COVID-19, the close contacts of the patients should be transferred to an assigned observation place on time for single room isolation. The awareness of COVID-19 prevention is low in some rural areas, reflected by many mass gathering activities and delayed medical care seeking after onset. It is necessary to strengthen the health education and take control measures in early period of epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32339543, "pmcid": "PMC7195067", "title": "Centralization of the ST elevation myocardial infarction care network in the Lombardy region during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Ferlini, Marco", "Andreassi, Aida", "Carugo, Stefano", "Cuccia, Claudio", "Bianchini, Beatrice", "Castiglioni, Battistina", "D' Urbano, Maurizio", "Guagliumi, Giulio", "Lettieri, Corrado", "Lettino, Maddalena", "Marenzi, Giancarlo", "Metra, Marco", "Migliori, Maurizio", "Montorfano, Matteo", "Oliva, Fabrizio", "Savonitto, Stefano", "Seregni, Romano", "Visconti, Luigi Oltrona"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339543", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363911, "title": "Telepsychiatry as a public health imperative: Slowing COVID-19.", "journal": "Aust N Z J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Khanna, Rahul", "Forbes, Malcom"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363911", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419438, "title": "COVID-19: What do we need to know about ICU delirium during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic?", "journal": "Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther", "authors": ["Kotfis, Katarzyna", "Williams Roberson, Shawniqua", "Wilson, Jo", "Pun, Brenda", "Ely, E Wesley", "Jezowska, Ilona", "Jezierska, Maja", "Dabrowski, Wojciech"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419438", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March 2020, the World Health Organisation announced the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. As well as respiratory failure, the SARS-CoV-2 may cause central nervous system (CNS) involvement, including delirium occurring in critically ill patients (ICU delirium). Due attention must be paid to this subject in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Delirium, the detection of which takes less than two minutes, is frequently underestimated during daily routine ICU care, but it may be a prodromal symptom of infection or hypoxia associated with severe respiratory failure. During the COVID-19 pandemic, systematic delirium monitoring using validated tests (CAM-ICU or ICDSC) may be sacrificed. This is likely to be due to the fact that the main emphasis is placed on organisational issues, i.e. the lack of ventilators, setting priorities for limited mechanical ventilation options, and a shortage of personal protective equipment. Early identification of patients with delirium is critical in patients with COVID-19 because the occurrence of delirium may be an early symptom of worsening respiratory failure or of infectious spread to the CNS mediated by potential neuroinvasive mechanisms of the coronavirus. The purpose of this review is to identify problems related to the development of delirium during the COVID-19 epidemic, which are presented in three areas: i) factors contributing to delirium in COVID-19, ii) potential pathophysiological factors of delirium in COVID-19, and iii) long-term consequences of delirium in COVID-19. This article discusses how healthcare workers can reduce the burden of delirium by identifying potential risk factors and difficulties during challenges associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32361194, "pmcid": "PMC7252083", "title": "Molecular mimicry between SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory pacemaker neurons.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Lucchese, Guglielmo", "Floel, Agnes"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361194", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267220, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Specific Antibody Responses in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Okba, Nisreen M A", "Muller, Marcel A", "Li, Wentao", "Wang, Chunyan", "GeurtsvanKessel, Corine H", "Corman, Victor M", "Lamers, Mart M", "Sikkema, Reina S", "de Bruin, Erwin", "Chandler, Felicity D", "Yazdanpanah, Yazdan", "Le Hingrat, Quentin", "Descamps, Diane", "Houhou-Fidouh, Nadhira", "Reusken, Chantal B E M", "Bosch, Berend-Jan", "Drosten, Christian", "Koopmans, Marion P G", "Haagmans, Bart L"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267220", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has recently emerged to cause a human pandemic. Although molecular diagnostic tests were rapidly developed, serologic assays are still lacking, yet urgently needed. Validated serologic assays are needed for contact tracing, identifying the viral reservoir, and epidemiologic studies. We developed serologic assays for detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing, spike protein-specific, and nucleocapsid-specific antibodies. Using serum samples from patients with PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, other coronaviruses, or other respiratory pathogenic infections, we validated and tested various antigens in different in-house and commercial ELISAs. We demonstrated that most PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected persons seroconverted by 2 weeks after disease onset. We found that commercial S1 IgG or IgA ELISAs were of lower specificity, and sensitivity varied between the 2 assays; the IgA ELISA showed higher sensitivity. Overall, the validated assays described can be instrumental for detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies for diagnostic, seroepidemiologic, and vaccine evaluation studies."}, {"pmid": 32414172, "title": "Decision Support Algorithm for Selecting an Antivirus Mask over COVID-19 Pandemic under Spherical Normal Fuzzy Environment.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Yang, Zaoli", "Li, Xin", "Garg, Harish", "Qi, Meng"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414172", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the rapid outbreak of COVID-19, most people are facing antivirus mask shortages. Therefore, it is necessary to reasonably select antivirus masks and optimize the use of them for everyone. However, the uncertainty of the effects of COVID-19 and limits of human cognition add to the difficulty for decision makers to perfectly realize the purpose. To maximize the utility of the antivirus mask, we proposed a decision support algorithm based on the novel concept of the spherical normal fuzzy (SpNoF) set. In it, firstly, we analyzed the new score and accuracy function, improved operational rules, and their properties. Then, in line with these operations, we developed the SpNoF Bonferroni mean operator and the weighted Bonferroni mean operator, some properties of which are also examined. Furthermore, we established a multi-criteria decision-making method, based on the proposed operators, with SpNoF information. Finally, a numerical example on antivirus mask selection over the COVID-19 pandemic was given to verify the practicability of the proposed method, which the sensitive and comparative analysis was based on and was conducted to demonstrate the availability and superiority of our method."}, {"pmid": 32478596, "title": "Charting a Safe and Expeditious Course Back to Elective Cardiac Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Innovations (Phila)", "authors": ["Frankel, William C", "Nguyen, Tom C", "Weiss, Aaron J"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478596", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419840, "pmcid": "PMC7216870", "title": "Challenges and burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: a narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality.", "journal": "Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health", "authors": ["Fegert, Jorg M", "Vitiello, Benedetto", "Plener, Paul L", "Clemens, Vera"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419840", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is profoundly affecting life around the globe. Isolation, contact restrictions and economic shutdown impose a complete change to the psychosocial environment in affected countries. These measures have the potential to threaten the mental health of children and adolescents significantly. Even though the current crisis can bring with it opportunities for personal growth and family cohesion, disadvantages may outweigh these benefits. Anxiety, lack of peer contact and reduced opportunities for stress regulation are main concerns. Another main threat is an increased risk for parental mental illness, domestic violence and child maltreatment. Especially for children and adolescents with special needs or disadvantages, such as disabilities, trauma experiences, already existing mental health problems, migrant background and low socioeconomic status, this may be a particularly challenging time. To maintain regular and emergency child and adolescent psychiatric treatment during the pandemic is a major challenge but is necessary for limiting long-term consequences for the mental health of children and adolescents. Urgent research questions comprise understanding the mental health effects of social distancing and economic pressure, identifying risk and resilience factors, and preventing long-term consequences, including-but not restricted to-child maltreatment. The efficacy of telepsychiatry is another highly relevant issue is to evaluate the efficacy of telehealth and perfect its applications to child and adolescent psychiatry. There are numerous mental health threats associated with the current pandemic and subsequent restrictions. Child and adolescent psychiatrists must ensure continuity of care during all phases of the pandemic. COVID-19-associated mental health risks will disproportionately hit children and adolescents who are already disadvantaged and marginalized. Research is needed to assess the implications of policies enacted to contain the pandemic on mental health of children and adolescents, and to estimate the risk/benefit ratio of measures such as home schooling, in order to be better prepared for future developments."}, {"pmid": 32043842, "title": "[2019-novel coronavirus infection in a three-month-old baby].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Y H", "Lin, D J", "Xiao, M F", "Wang, J C", "Wei, Y", "Lei, Z X", "Zeng, Z Q", "Li, L", "Li, H A", "Xiang, W"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32043842", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315031, "pmcid": "PMC7188172", "title": "Letter to the Editor: \"Our Response to COVID-19 as Endocrinologists and Diabetologists\".", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Kasuki, Leandro", "Gadelha, Monica R"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315031", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453196, "title": "A 14-year Prospective Study of Human Coronavirus Infections in Hospitalized Children: Comparison With Other Respiratory Viruses.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Calvo, Cristina", "Alcolea, Sonia", "Casas, Inmaculada", "Pozo, Francisco", "Iglesias, Maria", "Gonzalez-Esguevillas, Monica", "Luz Garcia-Garcia, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453196", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been recognized as causative agents of respiratory tract infections.Our aim was to describe HCoV infections in hospitalized children in a prospective surveillance study for 14 years and compare them with other respiratory viruses. As a part of an ongoing prospective study to identify the etiology of viral respiratory infections in Spain, we performed the analysis of HCoV infections in children hospitalized in a secondary hospital in Madrid, between October 2005 and June 2018. Clinical data of HCoV patients were compared with those infected by rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. The study population consisted of 5131 hospitalizations for respiratory causes in children. A total of 3901 cases (75.9%) had a positive viral identification and 205 cases (4.1%) were positive for HCoV. Only 41 cases (20%) of HCoV infection were detected as single infections. Episodes of recurrent wheezing were the most common diagnosis, and 112 children (54%) had hypoxia. Clinical data in HCoV cases were similar to those associated with rhinovirus; however, patients with HCoV were younger. Other viruses were associated with hypoxia more frequently than cases with HCoV; high fever was more common in influenza infections and bronchiolitis in respiratory syncytial virus group. Although a slight peak of circulation appears mostly in winter, HCoV has been detected throughout the year as well. HCoV infections represent a small fraction of respiratory infections that require hospitalization in children and their characteristics do not differ greatly from other respiratory viral infections."}, {"pmid": 32470007, "pmcid": "PMC7259684", "title": "Social support and mental health among health care workers during Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak: A moderated mediation model.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Hou, Tianya", "Zhang, Taiquan", "Cai, Wenpeng", "Song, Xiangrui", "Chen, Aibin", "Deng, Guanghui", "Ni, Chunyan"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470007", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) all over the world, the mental health conditions of health care workers are of great importance to ensure the efficiency of rescue operations. The current study examined the effect of social support on mental health of health care workers and its underlying mechanisms regarding the mediating role of resilience and moderating role of age during the epidemic. Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Connor-Davidson Resilience scale (CD-RISC) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were administrated among 1472 health care workers from Jiangsu Province, China during the peak period of COVID-19 outbreak. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to examine the mediation effect of resilience on the relation between social support and mental health, whereas moderated mediation analysis was performed by Hayes PROCESS macro. The findings showed that resilience could partially mediate the effect of social support on mental health among health care workers. Age group moderated the indirect relationship between social support and mental health via resilience. Specifically, compared with younger health care workers, the association between resilience and mental health would be attenuated in the middle-aged workers. The results add knowledge to previous literature by uncovering the underlying mechanisms between social support and mental health. The present study has profound implications for mental health services for health care workers during the peak period of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32430482, "title": "Covid-19: MPs call on Public Health England to publish evidence for decision to drop community testing.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430482", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371467, "title": "Covid-19: UK advisory panel members are revealed after experts set up new group.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371467", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436229, "pmcid": "PMC7267130", "title": "Could COVID-19 have an impact on male fertility?", "journal": "Andrologia", "authors": ["Illiano, Ester", "Trama, Francesco", "Costantini, Elisabetta"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436229", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to several hypotheses of functional alteration of different organs. The direct influence of this virus on the male urogenital organs is still to be evaluated. However some hypotheses can already be made, especially in the andrological field, for the biological similarity of the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2. As well as SARS-CoV, SARS CoV-2 uses the 'Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2' (ACE2) as a receptor to enter human cells. It was found that ACE2, Angiotensin (1-7) and its MAS receptors are present, over in the lung, also in the testicles, in particular in Leydig and Sertoli cells. A first hypothesis is that the virus could enter the testicle and lead to alterations in testicular functionality. A second hypothesis is that the binding of the virus to the ACE2 receptor, could cause an excess of ACE2 and give rise to a typical inflammatory response. The inflammatory cells could interfere with the function of Leydig and Sertoli cells. Both hypotheses should be evaluated and confirmed, in order to possibly monitor fertility in patients COVID-19+."}, {"pmid": 32355008, "title": "COVID-19 shot protects monkeys.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355008", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366742, "pmcid": "PMC7219830", "title": "Prolonged Viral RNA Shedding Duration in COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Ther", "authors": ["Zhang, Wei-Yun", "Yu, Le-Qun", "Huang, Jian-An", "Zeng, Da-Xiong"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366742", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363760, "pmcid": "PMC7267148", "title": "Challenges for mental health services during the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak in Germany.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Thome, Johannes", "Coogan, Andrew N", "Fischer, Matthias", "Tucha, Oliver", "Faltraco, Frank"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363760", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407783, "pmcid": "PMC7213969", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 in Patients With Liver Injury.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Chen, Peng", "Zhou, Benhong"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407783", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307609, "pmcid": "PMC7167215", "title": "Critically ill SARS-CoV-2-infected patients are not stratified as sepsis by the qSOFA.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Ferreira, Marion", "Blin, Timothee", "Collercandy, Nived", "Szychowiak, Piotr", "Dequin, Pierre-Francois", "Jouan, Youenn", "Guillon, Antoine"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307609", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427650, "title": "Generalizability of Deep Learning Tuberculosis Classifier to COVID-19 Chest Radiographs: New Tricks for an Old Algorithm?", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Yi, Paul H", "Kim, Tae Kyung", "Lin, Cheng Ting"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427650", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271993, "pmcid": "PMC7262326", "title": "High prevalence of obesity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Simonnet, Arthur", "Chetboun, Mikael", "Poissy, Julien", "Raverdy, Violeta", "Noulette, Jerome", "Duhamel, Alain", "Labreuche, Julien", "Mathieu, Daniel", "Pattou, Francois", "Jourdain, Merce"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271993", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly spreading worldwide, notably in Europe and North America where obesity is highly prevalent. The relation between obesity and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not been fully documented. This retrospective cohort study analyzed the relationship between clinical characteristics, including BMI,\u00a0and the requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in 124 consecutive patients admitted in intensive care for SARS-CoV-2 in a single French center. Obesity (BMI\u2009>\u200930) and severe obesity (BMI\u2009>\u200935) were present in 47.6% and 28.2% of cases, respectively. Overall, 85 patients (68.6%) required IMV. The proportion of patients who required IMV increased with BMI categories (P\u2009<\u20090.01, \u03c72 test for trend), and it was greatest in patients with BMI\u2009>\u200935 (85.7%). In multivariate logistic regression, the need for IMV was significantly associated with male sex (P\u2009<\u20090.05) and BMI (P\u2009<\u20090.05), independent of age, diabetes, and hypertension. The odds ratio for IMV in patients with BMI\u2009>\u200935 versus patients with BMI\u2009<\u200925 was\u00a07.36 (1.63-33.14; P\u2009=\u20090.02). The present study showed a high frequency of obesity among patients admitted in intensive care for SARS-CoV-2. Disease severity increased with BMI. Obesity is a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 severity, requiring increased attention to preventive measures in susceptible individuals."}, {"pmid": 32425712, "pmcid": "PMC7190003", "title": "Evidence Supporting a Phased Immuno-physiological Approach to COVID-19 From Prevention Through Recovery.", "journal": "Integr Med (Encinitas)", "authors": ["Yanuck, S F", "Pizzorno, J", "Messier, H", "Fitzgerald, K N"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425712", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper presents an evidence-based strategy for improving clinical outcomes in COVID-19. Recommendations are based on the phases of the disease, because optimal interventions for one phase may not be appropriate for a different phase. The four phases addressed are: Prevention, Infection, Inflammation and Recovery. Underlying this phased approach is recognition of emerging evidence for two different components of pathophysiology, early infection and late stage severe complications. These two aspects of the disease suggest two different patterns of clinical emphasis that seem on the surface to be not entirely concordant. We describe the application of therapeutic strategies and appropriate tactics that address four main stages of disease progression for COVID-19. Emerging evidence in COVID-19 suggests that the SARS-CoV-2 virus may both evade the innate immune response and kill macrophages. Delayed innate immune response and a depleted population of macrophages can theoretically result in a blunted antigen presentation, delaying and diminishing activation of the adaptive immune response. Thus, one clinical strategy involves supporting patient innate and adaptive immune responses early in the time course of illness, with the goal of improving the timeliness, readiness, and robustness of both the innate and adaptive immune responses. At the other end of the disease pathology spectrum, risk of fatality in COVID-19 is driven by excessive and persistent upregulation of inflammatory mechanisms associated with cytokine storm. Thus, the second clinical strategy is to prevent or mitigate excessive inflammatory response to prevent the cytokine storm associated with high mortality risk. Clinical support for immune system pathogen clearance mechanisms involves obligate activation of immune response components that are inherently inflammatory. This puts the goals of the first clinical strategy (immune activation) potentially at odds with the goals of the second strategy(mitigation of proinflammatory effects). This creates a need for discernment about the time course of the illness and with that, understanding of which components of an overall strategy to apply at each phase of the time course of the illness. We review evidence from early observational studies and the existing literature on both outcomes and mechanisms of disease, to inform a phased approach to support the patient at risk for infection, with infection, with escalating inflammation during infection, and at risk of negative sequelae as they move into recovery."}, {"pmid": 32304725, "pmcid": "PMC7159873", "title": "Environmental virus surveillance in the isolation ward of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Wang, H", "Mo, P", "Li, G", "Chen, P", "Liu, J", "Wang, H", "Wang, F", "Zhang, Y", "Zhao, Q"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304725", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437838, "pmcid": "PMC7211613", "title": "Clinical course of asthma in 4 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 infection.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Codispoti, Christopher D", "Bandi, Sindhura", "Patel, Payal", "Mahdavinia, Mahboobeh"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437838", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246490, "title": "Rapid Scale-Up of Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Implications for Subspecialty Care in Rural Areas.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Nagata, Jason M"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522454, "title": "Association between Numbers of \"Imported Cases\" and \"Reported Cases in a Source Country\" of COVID-19: January to April 2020 in Japan.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Furuse, Yuki", "Oshitani, Hitoshi"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522454", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530409, "title": "Rethinking the First COVID-19 Death in Turkey.", "journal": "Turk Thorac J", "authors": ["Aykac, Nilufer", "Yasin, Yesim"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530409", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460391, "title": "Aesthetic dermatology procedures in coronavirus-days.", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Tursen, Umit", "Tursen, Belma", "Lotti, Torello"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460391", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19), which causes\u00a0coronavirus\u00a0disease 2019, is highly contagious and\u00a0a particularly\u00a0popular problem in all around the World and also in all departments\u00a0of\u00a0every hospital. Protecting\u00a0the well-being of\u00a0the\u00a0aesthetic dermatologists while\u00a0providing\u00a0a\u00a0sufficient\u00a0workforce\u00a0is\u00a0vital\u00a0for\u00a0pandemic planning. In this article, we will discuss this problem\u00a0from an\u00a0aesthetic\u00a0dermatology\u00a0aspect\u00a0and we\u00a0will\u00a0review whether these procedures are safe or not."}, {"pmid": 32245150, "pmcid": "PMC7157568", "title": "Characterization of the Humoral Immune Response to Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection under Experimental and Field Conditions Using an AlphaLISA Platform.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Kimpston-Burkgren, Kay", "Mora-Diaz, Juan Carlos", "Roby, Philippe", "Bjustrom-Kraft, Jordan", "Main, Rodger", "Bosse, Roger", "Gimenez-Lirola, Luis Gabriel"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245150", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus infections are a continuous threat raised time and again. With the recent emergence of novel virulent strains, these viruses can have a large impact on human and animal health. Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is considered to be a reemerging pig disease caused by the enteropathogenic alphacoronavirus PED virus (PEDV). In the absence of effective vaccines, infection prevention and control through diagnostic testing and quarantine are critical. Early detection and differential diagnosis of PEDV infections increase the chance of successful control of the disease. Therefore, there is a continuous need for development of reduced assay-step protocols, no-wash, high-throughput immunoassays. This study described the characterization of the humoral immune response against PEDV under experimental and field conditions using a rapid, sensitive, luminescent proximity homogenous assay (AlphaLISA). PEDV IgG and IgA antibodies were developed toward the beginning of the second week of infection. PEDV IgG antibodies were detected for at least 16 weeks post-exposure. Remarkably, the serum IgA levels remained high and relatively stable throughout the study, lasting longer than the serum IgG response. Overall, AlphaLISA allows the detection and characterization of pathogen-specific antibodies with new speed, sensitivity, and simplicity of use. Particularly, the bridge assay constitutes a rapid diagnostic that substantially improves upon the \"time to result\" metric of currently available immunoassays."}, {"pmid": 32407301, "title": "Public Health Response to COVID-19 Cases in Correctional and Detention Facilities - Louisiana, March-April 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Wallace, Megan", "Marlow, Mariel", "Simonson, Sean", "Walker, Marceia", "Christophe, Natalie", "Dominguez, Olivia", "Kleamenakis, Lauren", "Orellana, Angie", "Pagan-Pena, Doriselys", "Singh, Calandre", "Pogue, Michele", "Saucier, Leslie", "Lo, Terrence", "Benson, Kelsey", "Sokol, Theresa"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407301", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Correctional and detention facilities face unique challenges in the control of infectious diseases, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1-3). Among >10 million annual admissions to U.S. jails, approximately 55% of detainees are released back into their communities each week (4); in addition, staff members at correctional and detention facilities are members of their local communities. Thus, high rates of COVID-19 in correctional and detention facilities also have the potential to influence broader community transmission. In March 2020, the Louisiana Department of Health (LDH) began implementing surveillance for COVID-19 among correctional and detention facilities in Louisiana and identified cases and outbreaks in many facilities. In response, LDH and CDC developed and deployed the COVID-19 Management Assessment and Response (CMAR) tool to guide technical assistance focused on infection prevention and control policies and case management with correctional and detention facilities. This report describes COVID-19 prevalence in correctional and detention facilities detected through surveillance and findings of the CMAR assessment. During March 25-April 22, 489 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, including 37 (7.6%) hospitalizations and 10 (2.0%) deaths among incarcerated or detained persons, and 253 cases, including 19 (7.5%) hospitalizations and four (1.6%) deaths among staff members were reported. During April 8-22, CMAR telephone-based assessments were conducted with 13 of 31 (42%) facilities with laboratory-confirmed cases and 11 of 113 (10%) facilities without known cases. Administrators had awareness and overall understanding of CDC guidance for prevention of transmission in these facilities but reported challenges in implementation, related to limited space to quarantine close contacts of COVID-19 patients and inability of incarcerated and detained persons to engage in social distancing, particularly in dormitory-style housing. CMAR was a useful tool that helped state and federal public health officials assist multiple correctional and detention facilities to better manage COVID-19 patients and guide control activities to prevent or mitigate transmission."}, {"pmid": 32408508, "title": "Spatio-Temporal Resource Mapping for Intensive Care Units at Regional Level for COVID-19 Emergency in Italy.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Guzzi, Pietro Hiram", "Tradigo, Giuseppe", "Veltri, Pierangelo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408508", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a worldwide emergency since it has rapidly spread from China to almost all the countries worldwide. Italy has been one of the most affected countries after China. North Italian regions, such as Lombardia and Veneto, had an abnormally large number of cases. COVID-19 patients management requires availability of sufficiently large number of Intensive Care Units (ICUs) beds. Resources shortening is a critical issue when the number of COVID-19 severe cases are higher than the available resources. This is also the case at a regional scale. We analysed Italian data at regional level with the aim to: (i) support health and government decision-makers in gathering rapid and efficient decisions on increasing health structures capacities (in terms of ICU slots) and (ii) define a geographic model to plan emergency and future COVID-19 patients management using reallocating them among health structures. Finally, we retain that the here proposed model can be also used in other countries."}, {"pmid": 32459837, "title": "Tobacco Use Patterns in five countries during the COVID-19 Lockdown.", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Yach, Derek"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459837", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527666, "title": "Patterns of Adult and Paediatric Hand Trauma During the COVID-19 Lockdown.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Garude, Kirti", "Natalwala, Ibrahim", "Hughes, Benedict", "West, Christopher", "Bhat, Waseem"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527666", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374440, "pmcid": "PMC7267615", "title": "AGS Position Statement: Resource Allocation Strategies and Age-Related Considerations in the COVID-19 Era and Beyond.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Farrell, Timothy W", "Ferrante, Lauren E", "Brown, Teneille", "Francis, Leslie", "Widera, Eric", "Rhodes, Ramona", "Rosen, Tony", "Hwang, Ula", "Witt, Leah J", "Thothala, Niranjan", "Liu, Shan W", "Vitale, Caroline A", "Braun, Ursula K", "Stephens, Caroline", "Saliba, Debra"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374440", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 continues to impact older adults disproportionately, from severe illness and hospitalization to increased mortality risk. Concurrently, concerns about potential shortages of healthcare professionals and health supplies to address these needs have focused attention on how resources are ultimately allocated and used. Some strategies misguidedly use age as an arbitrary criterion, which inappropriately disfavors older adults. This statement represents the official policy position of the American Geriatrics Society (AGS). It is intended to inform stakeholders including hospitals, health systems, and policymakers about ethical considerations to consider when developing strategies for allocating scarce resources during an emergency involving older adults. Members of the AGS Ethics Committee collaborated with interprofessional experts in ethics, law, nursing, and medicine (including geriatrics, palliative care, emergency medicine, and pulmonology/critical care) to conduct a structured literature review and examine relevant reports. The resulting recommendations defend a particular view of distributive justice that maximizes relevant clinical factors and de-emphasizes or eliminates factors placing arbitrary, disproportionate weight on advanced age. The AGS positions include: (1) avoiding age per se as a means for excluding anyone from care; (2) assessing comorbidities and considering the disparate impact of social determinants of health; (3) encouraging decision makers to focus primarily on potential short-term (not long-term) outcomes; (4) avoiding ancillary criteria such as \"life-years saved\" and \"long-term predicted life expectancy\" that might disadvantage older people; (5) forming and staffing triage committees tasked with allocating scarce resources; (6) developing institutional resource allocation strategies that are transparent and applied uniformly; and (7) facilitating appropriate advance care planning. The statement includes recommendations that should be immediately implemented to address resource allocation strategies during COVID-19, aligning with AGS positions. The statement also includes recommendations for post-pandemic review. Such review would support revised strategies to ensure that governments and institutions have equitable emergency resource allocation strategies, avoid future discriminatory language and practice, and have appropriate guidance to develop national frameworks for emergent resource allocation decisions."}, {"pmid": 32296757, "pmcid": "PMC7156797", "title": "Air Pollution and the Novel Covid-19 Disease: a Putative Disease Risk Factor.", "journal": "SN Compr Clin Med", "authors": ["Martelletti, Luigi", "Martelletti, Paolo"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296757", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493638, "pmcid": "PMC7266777", "title": "Considerations for Heart Failure Care During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "JACC Heart Fail", "authors": ["DeFilippis, Ersilia M", "Reza, Nosheen", "Donald, Elena", "Givertz, Michael M", "Lindenfeld, JoAnn", "Jessup, Mariell"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493638", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the care of patients with HF who contract COVID-19 as well as those without COVID-19 who have been impacted by the restructuring of health care delivery. Patients with HF and other cardiovascular comorbidities are at risk for severe disease and complications of infection. Similarly, COVID-19 has been demonstrated to cause myocarditis and may be implicated in new-onset cardiomyopathy. During this pandemic, special considerations are needed for patients with advanced HF, including those supported by durable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) and heart transplant recipients. The purpose of this review is to summarize emerging data regarding the development of HF secondary to COVID-19, COVID-19 infection in patients with advanced HF, and the implications of the pandemic on care for non-infected patients with HF."}, {"pmid": 32401942, "pmcid": "PMC7213779", "title": "How psychosocial and economic impacts of COVID-19 pandemic can interfere on bruxism and temporomandibular disorders?", "journal": "J Appl Oral Sci", "authors": ["Almeida-Leite, Camila Megale", "Stuginski-Barbosa, Juliana", "Conti, Paulo Cesar Rodrigues"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401942", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32023687, "title": "[Pulmonary rehabilitation guidelines in the principle of 4S for patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, F", "Liu, N", "Wu, J Y", "Hu, L L", "Su, G S", "Zheng, N S"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023687", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent epidemic of pneumonia cases in Wuhan China was caused by a novel coronavirus with strong infectivity, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The article provides the pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) methods in the principle of 4S (simple, safe, satisfy, save) for patients with pneumonia caused by the novel coronavirus, shows how to establish a ventilative and convectional PR environment to prevent the spread of virus through droplets, how to guide the patients to carry out PR, how to carry out respiratory muscle training, effective cough, expectoration, sneeze, general exercise, digestive function rehabilitation and psychological rehabilitation, and how to clean and disinfect the PR environment."}, {"pmid": 32402533, "pmcid": "PMC7177060", "title": "Noninvasive mechanical ventilation and COVID-19. Minimizing dispersion.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Hernandez Garces, H", "Belenguer Muncharaz, A", "Zaragoza Crespo, R"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402533", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397906, "pmcid": "PMC7256352", "title": "Development of remdesivir repositioning as a nucleotide analog against COVID-19 RNA dependent RNA polymerase.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Babadaei, Mohammad Mahdi Nejadi", "Hasan, Anwarul", "Vahdani, Yasaman", "Bloukh, Samir Haj", "Sharifi, Majid", "Kachooei, Ehsan", "Haghighat, Setareh", "Falahati, Mojtaba"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397906", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative representative of a severe respiratory illness resulted in widespread human infections and deaths in nearly all of the countries since late 2019. There is no therapeutic FDA-approved drug against SARS-CoV-2 infection, although a combination of anti-viral drugs is directly being practiced in some countries. A broad-spectrum of antiviral agents are being currently evaluated in clinical trials, and in this review, we specifically focus on the application of Remdesivir (RVD) as a potential anti-viral compound against Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) -CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. First, we overview the general information about SARS-CoV-2, followed by application of RDV as a nucleotide analogue which can potentially inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of COVs. Afterwards, we discussed the kinetics of SARS- or MERS-CoV proliferation in animal models which is significantly different compared to that in humans. Finally, some ongoing challenges and future perspective on the application of RDV either alone or in combination with other anti-viral agents against CoVs infection were surveyed to determine the efficiency of RDV in preclinical trials. As a result, this paper provides crucial evidence of the potency of RDV to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32376588, "pmcid": "PMC7167321", "title": "[Supporting the battle against COVID-19 in E'zhou, Hubei Province: the experience of Guizhou medical team].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Zhang, Tao", "Ran, Limei", "Li, Kun", "Liu, Jian", "Chen, Li", "Lu, Jinsong", "Liang, Guiyou", "Zuo, Shi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376588", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To suppress the rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei province, a medical rescue team consisting of 860 members was sent to E'zhou, one of the hard-hit cities in east Hubei. A total of 414 of the team members, whose core members were from Guizhou Medical University and its Affiliated Hospital, took over the full operation of Leishan hospital of E'zhou, a makeshift hospital built for treating COVID-19 patients. Under the instructions by the E'zhou Medical Team Front Command, the staff made quick responses to the surging number of patients with COVID-19 and rapidly formulated treatment plans based on the local conditions. The medical team efficiently carried out the operations and successfully completed the rescue mission. Herein the authors, as members of Guizhou Medical Team supporting COVID-19 containment in E'zhou, analyze and summarize the experiences of Guizhou Medical Team with the organization, implementation and logistic support of medical rescue operations, which may provide reference for future rescue missions in a similar scenario."}, {"pmid": 32529634, "title": "Haemophagocytosis in bone marrow aspirates in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Debliquis, Agathe", "Harzallah, Ines", "Mootien, Joy Y", "Poidevin, Antoine", "Labro, Guylaine", "Mejri, Amira", "Lamarque, Mathilde", "Kuteifan, Khaldoun", "Drenou, Bernard"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529634", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324899, "pmcid": "PMC7264735", "title": "Operational protocol for donation of anti-COVID-19 convalescent plasma in Italy.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Franchini, Massimo", "Marano, Giuseppe", "Velati, Claudio", "Pati, Ilaria", "Pupella, Simonetta", "Maria Liumbruno, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324899", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436422, "title": "Men and COVID-19: Adding a gender lens.", "journal": "Glob Public Health", "authors": ["Betron, Myra", "Gottert, Ann", "Pulerwitz, Julie", "Shattuck, Dominick", "Stevanovic-Fenn, Natacha"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this commentary, the authors point out that there are important gender determinants to both men's and women's vulnerabilities to COVID-19, and call on the global health community to unpack and address these early in the COVID-19 pandemic response. They point to best practices and tools from two decades of engaging men in research and programming in the sexual and reproductive health field."}, {"pmid": 32433392, "title": "Building Local Health Department COVID-19 Emergency and Risk Communications Capacity.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["Lopez, Taylarr"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433392", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530530, "title": "EP lessons by Legendary Quartet of \"Jackman-Klein-Prystowsky-Stevenson\": \"A Priceless Opportunity\" during the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Ozeke, Ozcan", "Cay, Serkan", "Ozcan, Firat", "Korkmaz, Ahmet", "Kara, Meryem", "Topaloglu, Serkan", "Aras, Dursun"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530530", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has already been declared as modern history's gravest health emergency by many countries(1-3). The rapidly increasing demand on health facilities and health care providers threatens to leave some health systems overstretched and unable to operate effectively. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32483311, "pmcid": "PMC7261650", "title": "COVID-19 patients with hypertension have more severe disease: a multicenter retrospective observational study.", "journal": "Hypertens Res", "authors": ["Huang, Songjiang", "Wang, Jianwen", "Liu, Fen", "Liu, Jiacheng", "Cao, Guijuan", "Yang, Chongtu", "Liu, Wei", "Tu, Chao", "Zhu, Muxin", "Xiong, Bin"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483311", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to explore the effect of hypertension on disease progression and prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 310 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were studied. A comparison was made between two groups of patients, those with hypertension and those without hypertension. Their demographic data, clinical manifestations, laboratory indicators, and treatment methods were collected and analyzed. A total of 310 patients, including 113 patients with hypertension and 197 patients without hypertension, were included in the analysis. Compared with patients without hypertension, patients with hypertension were older, were more likely to have diabetes and cerebrovascular disease, and were more likely to be transferred to the intensive care unit. The neutrophil count and lactate dehydrogenase, fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels in hypertensive patients were significantly higher than those in nonhypertensive patients (P\u2009<\u20090.05). However, multivariate analysis (adjusted for age and sex) failed to show that hypertension was an independent risk factor for COVID-19 mortality or severity. COVID-19 patients with hypertension were more likely than patients without hypertension to have severe pneumonia, excessive inflammatory reactions, organ and tissue damage, and deterioration of the disease. Patients with hypertension should be given additional attention to prevent worsening of their condition."}, {"pmid": 32362922, "pmcid": "PMC7189258", "title": "Myocardial injury is associated with higher mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Geriatr Cardiol", "authors": ["Shao, Meng-Jiao", "Shang, Lu-Xiang", "Luo, Jun-Yi", "Shi, Jia", "Zhao, Yang", "Li, Xiao-Mei", "Yang, Yi-Ning"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362922", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350559, "pmcid": "PMC7190372", "title": "Is there a role for lung perfusion [(99m)Tc]-MAA SPECT/CT to rule out pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients with contraindications for iodine contrast?", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Burger, Irene A", "Niemann, Tilo", "Patriki, Dimitri", "Fontana, Francois", "Beer, Jurg-Hans"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350559", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357209, "pmcid": "PMC7197602", "title": "Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19 patients as a serologic marker of infection.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Rongqing", "Li, Maohua", "Song, Hao", "Chen, Jianxin", "Ren, Wenlin", "Feng, Yingmei", "Gao, George F", "Song, Jinwen", "Peng, Ya", "Su, Bin", "Guo, Xianghua", "Wang, Yanjun", "Chen, Jingong", "Li, Jianli", "Sun, Hunter", "Bai, Zhonghu", "Cao, WenJing", "Zhu, Jin", "Zhang, Qinlu", "Sun, Yufei", "Sun, Sean", "Mao, Xinkun", "Su, Junchi", "Chen, Xiang", "He, Ailiang", "Gao, Wen", "Jin, Ronghua", "Jiang, Yongzhong", "Sun, Le"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357209", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Thousands of medical staff had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus with hundreds of deaths reported. Such loss could be prevented if there is a serologic assay for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies for serological surveillance of its infection at the early stage of disease. Using CHO cell expressed full length SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein as capturing antigen, a COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 S1 serology ELISA kit was developed and validated with negative samples collected prior to the outbreaks or during the outbreak, and positive samples from patients confirmed with COVID-19. The specificity of the ELISA kit was 97.5%, as examined against total 412 normal human samples. The sensitivity was 97.1% by testing against 69 samples from hospitalized and/or recovered COVID-19 patients. The overall accuracy rate reached 97.3%. The assay was able to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibody on day one after the onset of COVID-19 disease. The average antibody levels increased during the hospitalization and after been discharged for two weeks. SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 28 out of 276 asymptomatic medical staff and one out of five nucleic acid test-negative \"Close contacts\" of COVID-19 patient. With the assays developed here, we can screen medical staff, in-coming patients, passengers and people who are in close contact with the confirmed patients to identify the \"innocent viral spreaders\", protect the medical staff and stop the further spreading of the virus."}, {"pmid": 32200489, "pmcid": "PMC7095327", "title": "Hospitals as health factories and the coronavirus epidemic.", "journal": "J Nephrol", "authors": ["Piccoli, Giorgina Barbara"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200489", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410129, "pmcid": "PMC7224586", "title": "The Parallel Pandemic: Medical Misinformation and COVID-19 : Primum non nocere.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Love, Jennifer S", "Blumenberg, Adam", "Horowitz, Zane"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410129", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424023, "title": "Indoor temperature and relative humidity in hospitals: workplace considerations during the novel coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Quraishi, Sadeq A", "Berra, Lorenzo", "Nozari, Ala"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424023", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275812, "pmcid": "PMC7169476", "title": "Compassionate Use of Remdesivir for Patients with Severe Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Grein, Jonathan", "Ohmagari, Norio", "Shin, Daniel", "Diaz, George", "Asperges, Erika", "Castagna, Antonella", "Feldt, Torsten", "Green, Gary", "Green, Margaret L", "Lescure, Francois-Xavier", "Nicastri, Emanuele", "Oda, Rentaro", "Yo, Kikuo", "Quiros-Roldan, Eugenia", "Studemeister, Alex", "Redinski, John", "Ahmed, Seema", "Bernett, Jorge", "Chelliah, Daniel", "Chen, Danny", "Chihara, Shingo", "Cohen, Stuart H", "Cunningham, Jennifer", "D'Arminio Monforte, Antonella", "Ismail, Saad", "Kato, Hideaki", "Lapadula, Giuseppe", "L'Her, Erwan", "Maeno, Toshitaka", "Majumder, Sumit", "Massari, Marco", "Mora-Rillo, Marta", "Mutoh, Yoshikazu", "Nguyen, Duc", "Verweij, Ewa", "Zoufaly, Alexander", "Osinusi, Anu O", "DeZure, Adam", "Zhao, Yang", "Zhong, Lijie", "Chokkalingam, Anand", "Elboudwarej, Emon", "Telep, Laura", "Timbs, Leighann", "Henne, Ilana", "Sellers, Scott", "Cao, Huyen", "Tan, Susanna K", "Winterbourne, Lucinda", "Desai, Polly", "Mera, Robertino", "Gaggar, Anuj", "Myers, Robert P", "Brainard, Diana M", "Childs, Richard", "Flanigan, Timothy"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275812", "countries": ["United States", "Canada", "Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Remdesivir, a nucleotide analogue prodrug that inhibits viral RNA polymerases, has shown in vitro activity against SARS-CoV-2. We provided remdesivir on a compassionate-use basis to patients hospitalized with Covid-19, the illness caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2. Patients were those with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who had an oxygen saturation of 94% or less while they were breathing ambient air or who were receiving oxygen support. Patients received a 10-day course of remdesivir, consisting of 200 mg administered intravenously on day 1, followed by 100 mg daily for the remaining 9 days of treatment. This report is based on data from patients who received remdesivir during the period from January 25, 2020, through March 7, 2020, and have clinical data for at least 1 subsequent day. Of the 61 patients who received at least one dose of remdesivir, data from 8 could not be analyzed (including 7 patients with no post-treatment data and 1 with a dosing error). Of the 53 patients whose data were analyzed, 22 were in the United States, 22 in Europe or Canada, and 9 in Japan. At baseline, 30 patients (57%) were receiving mechanical ventilation and 4 (8%) were receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. During a median follow-up of 18 days, 36 patients (68%) had an improvement in oxygen-support class, including 17 of 30 patients (57%) receiving mechanical ventilation who were extubated. A total of 25 patients (47%) were discharged, and 7 patients (13%) died; mortality was 18% (6 of 34) among patients receiving invasive ventilation and 5% (1 of 19) among those not receiving invasive ventilation. In this cohort of patients hospitalized for severe Covid-19 who were treated with compassionate-use remdesivir, clinical improvement was observed in 36 of 53 patients (68%). Measurement of efficacy will require ongoing randomized, placebo-controlled trials of remdesivir therapy. (Funded by Gilead Sciences.)."}, {"pmid": 32358457, "pmcid": "PMC7236849", "title": "Forensic Nursing in the Wake of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Forensic Nurs", "authors": ["Peternelj-Taylor, Cindy"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358457", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387320, "pmcid": "PMC7202806", "title": "Tocilizumab therapy reduced intensive care unit admissions and/or mortality in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Klopfenstein, T", "Zayet, S", "Lohse, A", "Balblanc, J-C", "Badie, J", "Royer, P-Y", "Toko, L", "Mezher, C", "Kadiane-Oussou, N J", "Bossert, M", "Bozgan, A-M", "Charpentier, A", "Roux, M-F", "Contreras, R", "Mazurier, I", "Dussert, P", "Gendrin, V", "Conrozier, T"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387320", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No therapy has yet proven effective in COVID-19. Tocilizumab (TCZ) in patients with severe COVID-19 could be an effective treatment. We conducted a retrospective case-control study in the Nord Franche-Comt\u00e9 Hospital, France. We compared the outcome of patients treated with TCZ and patients without TCZ considering a combined primary endpoint: death and/or ICU admissions. Patients with TCZ (n=20) had a higher Charlson comorbidity index (5.3 [\u00b12.4] vs 3.4 [\u00b12.6], P=0.014), presented with more severe forms (higher level of oxygen therapy at 13L/min vs 6L/min, P<0.001), and had poorer biological findings (severe lymphopenia: 676/mm3 vs 914/mm3, P=0.037 and higher CRP level: 158mg/L vs 105mg/L, P=0.017) than patients without TCZ (n=25). However, death and/or ICU admissions were higher in patients without TCZ than in the TCZ group (72% vs 25%, P=0.002). Despite the small sample size and retrospective nature of the work, this result strongly suggests that TCZ may reduce the number of ICU admissions and/or mortality in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32330287, "title": "A systematic scoping review of COVID-19 during pregnancy and childbirth.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Elshafeey, Farida", "Magdi, Rana", "Hindi, Nader", "Elshebiny, Mohamed", "Farrag, Nourhan", "Mahdy, Shahd", "Sabbour, Mohamed", "Gebril, Sara", "Nasser, Mohamed", "Kamel, Menna", "Amir, Abdelrahman", "Maher Emara, Moataz", "Nabhan, Ashraf"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330287", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical presentation and outcomes of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy remain limited and fragmented. To summarize the existing literature on COVID-19 infection during pregnancy and childbirth, particularly concerning clinical presentation and outcomes. A systematic search of LitCovid, EBSCO MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus electronic databases. The references of relevant studies were also searched. Identified titles and abstracts were screened to select original reports and cross-checked for overlap of cases. A descriptive summary organized by aspects of clinical presentations (symptoms, imaging, and laboratory) and outcomes (maternal and perinatal). We identified 33 studies reporting 385 pregnant women with COVID-19 infection: 368 (95.6%) mild; 14 (3.6%) severe; and 3 (0.8%) critical. Seventeen women were admitted to intensive care, including six who were mechanically ventilated and one maternal mortality. A total of 252 women gave birth, comprising 175 (69.4%) cesarean and 77 (30.6%) vaginal births. Outcomes for 256 newborns included four RT-PCR positive neonates, two stillbirths, and one neonatal death. COVID-19 infection during pregnancy probably has a clinical presentation and severity resembling that in non-pregnant adults. It is probably not associated with poor maternal or perinatal outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32491190, "title": "Emergency abdominal surgery in COVID-19 patients: a note of caution from Wuhan.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Fu, D", "Zhang, Pei", "Wang, L", "Liu, W", "Tan, H", "Di, M", "Cai, M", "Zhang, Peng", "Tao, K", "Wang, G", "Jiang, C", "Wang, Z"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491190", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470444, "pmcid": "PMC7255134", "title": "Appointment characteristics in an allergy/immunology practice in the immediate aftermath of COVID-19 restrictions.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Ramsey, Allison", "Yang, Luanna", "Vadamalai, Karthik", "Mustafa, S Shahzad"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470444", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199942, "pmcid": "PMC7269705", "title": "Radiotherapy in the time of the Coronavirus pandemic: when less is better.", "journal": "Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys", "authors": ["Achard, Verane", "Tsoutsou, Pelagia", "Zilli, Thomas"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199942", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32210421, "title": "COVID-19 in intensive care. Some necessary steps for health care workers.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Malhotra, Nipun", "Gupta, Nitesh", "Ish, Somya", "Ish, Pranav"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210421", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the nature of their profession, health care personnel (HCP) have always been easy targets for transmission of communicable diseases like COVID-19. Shielding HCPs is of consequential significance in ensuring continued health care for the whole population in addition to reducing further spread. Close contact, repeated contact and prolonged contact are unavoidable in the intensive care (IC) environment. It is not uncommon for IC-HCPs to get carried away during an emergent situation, such as that posed by a suddenly deteriorating patient, and forgo the protective barriers that protect them from contracting a communicable infection. Some notable precautionary measures are mentioned below. This is by no means an exhaustive list."}, {"pmid": 32357978, "title": "COVID-19 Curbside Consults at www.CCJM.org.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Mandell, Brian F"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357978", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489698, "pmcid": "PMC7220294", "title": "COVID-19 Virulence in Aged Patients Might Be Impacted by the Host Cellular MicroRNAs Abundance/Profile.", "journal": "Aging Dis", "authors": ["Fulzele, Sadanand", "Sahay, Bikash", "Yusufu, Ibrahim", "Lee, Tae Jin", "Sharma, Ashok", "Kolhe, Ravindra", "Isales, Carlos M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489698", "countries": ["China", "Australia"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World health organization (WHO) declared Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic and a severe public health crisis. Drastic measures to combat COVID-19 are warranted due to its contagiousness and higher mortality rates, specifically in the aged patient population. At the current stage, due to the lack of effective treatment strategies for COVID-19 innovative approaches need to be considered. It is well known that host cellular miRNAs can directly target both viral 3'UTR and coding region of the viral genome to induce the antiviral effect. In this study, we did in silico analysis of human miRNAs targeting SARS (4 isolates) and COVID-19 (29 recent isolates from different regions) genome and correlated our findings with aging and underlying conditions. We found 848 common miRNAs targeting the SARS genome and 873 common microRNAs targeting the COVID-19 genome. Out of a total of 848 miRNAs from SARS, only 558 commonly present in all COVID-19 isolates. Interestingly, 315 miRNAs are unique for COVID-19 isolates and 290 miRNAs unique to SARS. We also noted that out of 29 COVID-19 isolates, 19 isolates have identical miRNA targets. The COVID-19 isolates, Netherland (EPI_ISL_422601), Australia (EPI_ISL_413214), and Wuhan (EPI_ISL_403931) showed six, four, and four unique miRNAs targets, respectively. Furthermore, GO, and KEGG pathway analysis showed that COVID-19 targeting human miRNAs involved in various age-related signaling and diseases. Recent studies also suggested that some of the human miRNAs targeting COVID-19 decreased with aging and underlying conditions. GO and KEGG identified impaired signaling pathway may be due to low abundance miRNA which might be one of the contributing factors for the increasing severity and mortality in aged individuals and with other underlying conditions. Further, in vitro and in vivo studies are needed to validate some of these targets and identify potential therapeutic targets."}, {"pmid": 32339479, "pmcid": "PMC7182513", "title": "Inuit communities can beat COVID-19 and tuberculosis.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Kiddell-Monroe, Rachel", "Ranta, Malcolm", "Enook, Sheila", "Saranchuk, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339479", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447826, "pmcid": "PMC7267046", "title": "Can Covid-19 be a sexually transmitted disease? Posterity will judge.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Gaspari, Valeria", "Lanzoni, Anna", "Patrizi, Annalisa", "Orioni, Gionathan", "Viviani, Filippo", "Bardazzi, Federico"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447826", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246996, "pmcid": "PMC7195308", "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: how the Italian public is being informed.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Antonelli, G", "Capobianchi, M R", "Riva, E"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246996", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271595, "title": "The Exponentially Increasing Rate of Patients Infected with COVID-19 in Iran.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Moftakhar, Leila", "Seif, Mozhgan"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271595", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus, the cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (COVID-19), is rapidly spreading around the world. Since the number of corona positive patients is increasing sharply in Iran, this study aimed to forecast the number of newly infected patients in the coming days in Iran. The data used in this study were obtained from daily reports of the Iranian Ministry of Health and the datasets provided by the Johns Hopkins University including the number of new infected cases from February 19, 2020 to March 21, 2020. The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was applied to predict the number of patients during the next thirty days. The ARIMA model forecasted an exponential increase in the number of newly detected patients. The result of this study also show that if the spreading pattern continues the same as before, the number of daily new cases would be 3574 by April 20. Since this disease is highly contagious, health politicians need to make decisions to prevent its spread; otherwise, even the most advanced and capable health care systems would face problems for treating all infected patients and a substantial number of deaths will become inevitable."}, {"pmid": 32505228, "title": "COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients: preliminary data from the ELITA/ELTR registry.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Belli, Luca S", "Duvoux, Christophe", "Karam, Vincent", "Adam, Rene", "Cuervas-Mons, Valentin", "Pasulo, Luisa", "Loinaz, Carmelo", "Invernizzi, Federica", "Patrono, Damiano", "Bhoori, Sherrie", "Ciccarelli, Olga", "Morelli, Maria Cristina", "Castells, Lluis", "Lopez-Lopez, Victor", "Conti, Sara", "Fondevila, Costantino", "Polak, Wojchiech"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505228", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461493, "title": "Sanitization of glaucoma clinic instruments in COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Parikh, Rajul S", "George, Ronnie", "Parikh, Shefali R"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461493", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329102, "pmcid": "PMC7264512", "title": "Application of a portable instrument for rapid and reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in any environment.", "journal": "Immunol Rev", "authors": ["Martinelli, Federico", "Perrone, Anna", "Della Noce, Isabella", "Colombo, Lorenzo", "Lo Priore, Stefano", "Romano, Simone"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329102", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is creating serious challenges for health laboratories that seek to identify viral infections as early as possible, optimally at the earliest appearance of symptom. Indeed, there is urgent need to develop and deploy robust diagnostic methodologies not only to use in health laboratory environments but also directly in places where humans circulate and spread the virus such as airports, trains, boats, and any public aggregation places. The success of a reliable and sensitive asymptomatic diagnosis relies on the identification and measurement of informative biomarkers from human host and virus in a rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive manner. The objective of this article is to describe an innovative multidisciplinary approach to develop an efficient, inexpensive, and easy-to-use portable instrument (bCUBE\u00ae by Hyris Ltd) that can be employed as a surveillance system for the emergency caused by SARS-CoV-2. A solution for Coronavirus testing, compliant with CDC guidelines, is scheduled to be released in the next weeks. In addition, we will describe a workflow and path of an integrated multi-omic approach that will lead to host and pathogen biomarker discovery in order to train the instrument to provide reliable results based on a specific biomarker's fingerprint of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32408547, "title": "Virtual Screening of Natural Products against Type II Transmembrane Serine Protease (TMPRSS2), the Priming Agent of Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Rahman, Noor", "Basharat, Zarrin", "Yousuf, Muhammad", "Castaldo, Giuseppe", "Rastrelli, Luca", "Khan, Haroon"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408547", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused about 2 million infections and is responsible for more than 100,000 deaths worldwide. To date, there is no specific drug registered to combat the disease it causes, named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the current study, we used an in silico approach to screen natural compounds to find potent inhibitors of the host enzyme transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). This enzyme facilitates viral particle entry into host cells, and its inhibition blocks virus fusion with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This, in turn, restricts SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. A three-dimensional structure of TMPRSS2 was built using SWISS-MODEL and validated by RAMPAGE. The natural compounds library Natural Product Activity and Species Source (NPASS), containing 30,927 compounds, was screened against the target protein. Two techniques were used in the Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) for this purpose, i.e., a ligand-based pharmacophore approach and a molecular docking-based screening. In total, 2140 compounds with pharmacophoric features were retained using the first approach. Using the second approach, 85 compounds with molecular docking comparable to or greater than that of the standard inhibitor (camostat mesylate) were identified. The top 12 compounds with the most favorable structural features were studied for physicochemical and ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) properties. The low-molecular-weight compound NPC306344 showed significant interaction with the active site residues of TMPRSS2, with a binding energy score of -14.69. Further in vitro and in vivo validation is needed to study and develop an anti-COVID-19 drug based on the structures of the most promising compounds identified in this study."}, {"pmid": 32251768, "pmcid": "PMC7129059", "title": "The FDA-approved drug ivermectin inhibits the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.", "journal": "Antiviral Res", "authors": ["Caly, Leon", "Druce, Julian D", "Catton, Mike G", "Jans, David A", "Wagstaff, Kylie M"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251768", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although several clinical trials are now underway to test possible therapies, the worldwide response to the COVID-19 outbreak has been largely limited to monitoring/containment. We report here that Ivermectin, an FDA-approved anti-parasitic previously shown to have broad-spectrum anti-viral activity in vitro, is an inhibitor of the causative virus (SARS-CoV-2), with a single addition to Vero-hSLAM cells 2\u00a0h post infection with SARS-CoV-2 able to effect ~5000-fold reduction in viral RNA at 48\u00a0h. Ivermectin therefore warrants further investigation for possible benefits in humans."}, {"pmid": 32399902, "pmcid": "PMC7215128", "title": "[Pandemic and Epidemic History as Nursing History?]", "journal": "NTM", "authors": ["Nolte, Karen"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399902", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper is part of Forum COVID-19: Perspectives in the Humanities and Social Sciences. In the current COVID\u00a019 pandemic, the importance of professional nursing is widely recognized. In German-speaking and international research, the history of nursing during pandemics and epidemics is largely unwritten. This paper gives an overview of questions and results in this research area and discusses the potential of a\u00a0pandemic nursing history."}, {"pmid": 32525082, "title": "Using telehealth for hospice reauthorization visits: results of a quality improvement analysis.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Moore, Susan L", "Portz, Jennifer Dickman", "Santodomingo, Melodie", "Elsbernd, Kira", "McHale, Michael", "Massone, John"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525082", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasing hospice need, a growing shortage of hospice providers, and concerns about in-person services due to COVID-19 require hospices to innovate care delivery. This project compared outcomes between hospice reauthorization visits conducted via telehealth and in-person. After each visit, providers, patients and caregivers completed telehealth acceptance surveys, and providers recorded reauthorization recommendations. Providers conducted 88 concurrent in-person and telehealth visits between June and November, 2019. No statistically significant differences in reauthorization recommendations were found between telehealth and in-person visits. Satisfaction with telehealth was high; 88% of patients/caregivers and 78% of providers found telehealth services as effective as in-person visits. Results indicate that telehealth can successfully support clinical decision making for hospice reauthorization. These findings show telehealth to be reliable and acceptable for certain types of hospice care even prior to COVID-19, which emphasizes its importance both during and after the current public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32297903, "title": "Meeting the Care Needs of Older Adults Isolated at Home During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Steinman, Michael A", "Perry, Laura", "Perissinotto, Carla M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297903", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496574, "title": "Universal screening for SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic obstetric patients in Tokyo, Japan.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Ochiai, Daigo", "Kasuga, Yoshifumi", "Iida, Miho", "Ikenoue, Satoru", "Tanaka, Mamoru"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496574", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Asymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is a major issue in healthcare settings, and management in perinatal wards requires particular caution. Located in central Tokyo as a tertiary center, Keio University Hospital implemented universal PCR testing on patients before admission starting April 6 2020, in response to a nosocomial outbreak of COVID-19. The present study reports a retrospective review of 52 obstetric patients universally tested for SARS-CoV-2 admitted to this hospital between April 6 and April 27, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32253133, "pmcid": "PMC7270491", "title": "Using Technology to Maintain the Education of Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Surg Educ", "authors": ["Chick, Robert Connor", "Clifton, Guy Travis", "Peace, Kaitlin M", "Propper, Brandon W", "Hale, Diane F", "Alseidi, Adnan A", "Vreeland, Timothy J"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253133", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic presents a unique challenge to surgical residency programs. Due to the restrictions recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other organizations, the educational landscape for surgical residents is rapidly changing. In addition, the time course of these changes is undefined. We attempt to define the scope of the problem of maintaining surgical resident education while maintaining the safety of residents, educators, and patients. Within the basic framework of limiting in-person gatherings, postponing or canceling elective operations in hospitals, and limiting rotations between sites, we propose innovative solutions to maintain rigorous education. We propose several innovative solutions including the flipped classroom model, online practice questions, teleconferencing in place of in-person lectures, involving residents in telemedicine clinics, procedural simulation, and the facilitated use of surgical videos. Although there is no substitute for hands-on learning through operative experience and direct patient care, these may be ways to mitigate the loss of learning exposure during this time. These innovative solutions utilizing technology may help to bridge the educational gap for surgical residents during this unprecedented circumstance. The support of national organizations may be beneficial in maintaining rigorous surgical education."}, {"pmid": 32456409, "title": "A theory on SARS-COV-2 susceptibility: reduced TLR7-activity as a mechanistic link between men, obese and elderly.", "journal": "J Biol Regul Homeost Agents", "authors": ["Englmeier, L"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456409", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322400, "pmcid": "PMC7171182", "title": "Epidemiology, genome, and clinical features of the pandemic SARS-CoV-2: a recent view.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Abduljalil, J M", "Abduljalil, B M"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322400", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the emergence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, the number of globally confirmed cases according to World Health Organization statistics reached 292\u00a0124 in 189 countries by 22 March 2020. The number of deaths reached 12\u00a0784, with estimated case-fatality rates ranging from 0.5% to 5.7%. Children population seems to be the least affected by the disease, while the highest rate of death is among the elderly and people with comorbidities. Most infected individuals are asymptomatic or only exhibit mild symptoms. After the incubation period, the most common symptoms are fever, cough and fatigue. Asymptomatic carrier state is of paramount importance because of carriers' ability to spread the infection and to shed the virus into the air and surroundings. Although much is still unknown about SARS-CoV-2, the scientific research is moving at an unprecedented pace towards understanding the nature, effective control, prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Various reports have suggested an in\u00a0vivo evolution of the virus, which may explain the rapid spread and changing epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2, but further evidence is needed. Unfortunately, no effective treatment or therapeutic drug is available for the disease; only supportive treatment and classical intervention measures are available for confronting the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32155444, "pmcid": "PMC7102599", "title": "Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Walls, Alexandra C", "Park, Young-Jun", "Tortorici, M Alejandra", "Wall, Abigail", "McGuire, Andrew T", "Veesler, David"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32155444", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in >90,000 infections and >3,000 deaths. Coronavirus spike (S) glycoproteins promote entry into cells and are the main target of antibodies. We show that SARS-CoV-2\u00a0S uses ACE2 to enter cells and that the receptor-binding domains of SARS-CoV-2\u00a0S and SARS-CoV S bind with similar affinities to human ACE2, correlating with the efficient spread of SARS-CoV-2 among humans. We found that the SARS-CoV-2\u00a0S glycoprotein harbors a furin cleavage site at the boundary between the S1/S2 subunits, which is processed during biogenesis and sets this virus apart from SARS-CoV and SARS-related CoVs. We\u00a0determined cryo-EM structures of the SARS-CoV-2\u00a0S ectodomain trimer, providing a blueprint for the design of vaccines and inhibitors of viral entry.\u00a0Finally, we demonstrate that SARS-CoV S murine polyclonal antibodies potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 S mediated entry into cells, indicating that cross-neutralizing antibodies targeting conserved S epitopes can be elicited upon vaccination."}, {"pmid": 32311321, "pmcid": "PMC7164865", "title": "Prevention of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["An, Ping", "Ji, Mengyao", "Ren, Haixia", "Su, Juan", "Ding, Nik Sheng", "Kang, Jian", "Yin, Anning", "Zhou, Qian", "Shen, Linyong", "Zhao, Liang", "Jiang, Xiaoda", "Xiao, Yong", "Tan, Wei", "Lv, Xiaoguang", "Li, Jiao", "Liu, Shuzhong", "Zhou, Jing", "Chen, Hongbin", "Xu, Yaqing", "Liu, Jun", "Chen, Mingkai", "Cao, Jiwang", "Zhou, Zhongyin", "Shen, Lei", "Tan, Shiyun", "Yu, Honggang", "Dong, Weiguo", "Ding, Yijuan"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311321", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490843, "title": "Information technology-based management of clinically healthy COVID-19 patients: Lessons from the Living and Treatment Support Center operated by Seoul National University Hospital.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Kim, Kyung Hwan", "Bae, Ye Seul", "Jeong, Chang Wook", "Choi, Sae Won", "Ko, Taehoon", "Cho, BeLong", "Kim, Min Sun", "Kang, EunKyo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490843", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "South Korea took preemptive action against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by implementing extensive testing, thorough epidemiological investigation, strict social distancing, and rapid treatment of patients according to disease severity. The Korean government entrusted large-scale hospitals with the operation of living and treatment support centers (LTSCs) for the management for clinically healthy COVID-19 patients. The aim of this paper is to introduce our experience implementing information and communications technology (ICT)-based remote patient management systems at a COVID-19 LTSC. We adopted new electronic health record templates, hospital information system (HIS) dashboards, cloud-based medical image sharing, a mobile app, and smart vital sign monitoring devices. Enhancements were made to the HIS to assist in the workflow and care of patients in the LTSC. A dashboard was created for the medical staff to view the vital signs and symptoms of all patients. Patients used a mobile app to consult with their physician or nurse, answer questionnaires, and input self-measured vital signs; the results were uploaded to the hospital information system in real time. Cloud-based image sharing enabled interoperability between medical institutions. Korea's strategy of aggressive mitigation has \"flattened the curve\" of the rate of infection. A multidisciplinary approach was integral to develop systems supporting patient care and management at the living and treatment support center as quickly as possible. Faced with a novel infectious disease, we describe the implementation and experience of applying an ICT-based patient management system in the LTSC affiliated with Seoul National University Hospital. ICT-based tools and applications are increasingly important in health care, and we hope that our experience will provide insight into future technology-based infectious disease responses."}, {"pmid": 32355099, "pmcid": "PMC7224596", "title": "COVID-19 Response in the Global Epicenter: Converting a New York City Level 1 Orthopedic Trauma Service into a Hybrid Orthopedic and Medicine COVID-19 Management Team.", "journal": "J Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Konda, Sanjit R", "Dankert, John F", "Merkow, David", "Lin, Charles C", "Kaplan, Daniel J", "Haskel, Jonathan D", "Behery, Omar", "Crespo, Alexander", "Ganta, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355099", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed unprecedented challenges on the health care system in the United States with New York City at its epicenter. By the end of the 8 week (4/23/2020) since the virus's emergence in New York City, there have been 142,432 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 10,977 deaths attributed to complications from COVID-19-related illnesses. Secondary to policies enacted by the New York State government to limit spread of the virus, Orthopedic Surgery departments at hospitals around the area have witnessed an abrupt change in clinical demands. At a local level one trauma hospital in Queens, New York, Orthopedic Surgery elective cases have been cancelled, trauma consult volume has experienced a sharp decline, and both residents and attendings have been repurposed to meet the new clinical demands of this medical crisis. Our own orthopedic surgery service has adopted care for patients normally admitted to an internal medicine service in a novel Ortho-Medical COVID-19 management team. We prepared this primer to make our experience with caring for COVID-19 patents available as a reference for other surgical subspecialty services preparing to adjust the clinical focus of their hospital teams during this or future pandemics. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:: Level V."}, {"pmid": 32346406, "pmcid": "PMC7185082", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on mental health of healthcare professionals.", "journal": "Exp Ther Med", "authors": ["Tsamakis, Konstantinos", "Rizos, Emmanouil", "J Manolis, Athanasios", "Chaidou, Sofia", "Kympouropoulos, Stylianos", "Spartalis, Eleftherios", "A Spandidos, Demetrios", "Tsiptsios, Dimitrios", "S Triantafyllis, Andreas"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346406", "countries": ["Greece"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of the unprecedented public health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is highly important to acknowledge the psychological impact of this mounting threat on healthcare professionals. Previous experience from smaller scale epidemics and emerging literature around COVID-19 show that the unparalleled amount of stress that healthcare workers are dealing with, is associated with increased psychological morbidities. We have depicted the psychological burden that the COVID-19 pandemic has posed on healthcare professionals in Greece and have reviewed the literature around the effect of previous epidemics on frontline healthcare staff. Moreover, we discuss potential triggers and the need for measures to minimise the psychological pressure on those at the frontline against this biothreat."}, {"pmid": 32283221, "pmcid": "PMC7151285", "title": "A Comparison of Burnout Frequency Among Oncology Physicians and Nurses Working on the Frontline and Usual Wards During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Wu, Yuan", "Wang, Jun", "Luo, Chenggang", "Hu, Sheng", "Lin, Xi", "Anderson, Aimee E", "Bruera, Eduardo", "Yang, Xiaoxin", "Wei, Shaozhong", "Qian, Yu"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283221", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China and has now spread worldwide. In the affected countries, physicians and nurses are under heavy workload conditions and are at high risk of infection. The aim of this study was to compare the frequency of burnout between physicians and nurses on the frontline (FL) wards and those working in usual wards (UWs). A survey with a total of 49 questions was administered to 220 medical staff members from the COVID-19 FL and UWs, with a ratio of 1:1. General information, such as age, gender, marriage status, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory-medical personnel, were gathered and compared. The group working on the FLs had a lower frequency of burnout (13% vs. 39%; P\u00a0<\u00a00.0001) and were less worried about being infected compared with the UW group. Compared with medical staff working on their UWs for uninfected patients, medical staff working on the COVID-19 FL ward had a lower frequency of burnout. These results suggest that in the face of the COVID-19 crisis, both FL ward and UW staff should be considered when policies and procedures to support the well-being of health care workers are devised."}, {"pmid": 32379296, "title": "Inclusion of Children in Clinical Trials of Treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Hwang, Thomas J", "Randolph, Adrienne G", "Bourgeois, Florence T"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379296", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488564, "pmcid": "PMC7264483", "title": "Impact of the COronaVIrus Disease 2019 lockdown on hand and upper limb emergencies: experience of a referred university trauma hand centre in Paris, France centre in Paris, France.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Pichard, Remy", "Kopel, Luc", "Lejeune, Quentin", "Masmoudi, Rafik", "Masmejean, Emmanuel H"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488564", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lockdown imposed in France to cope with the COronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has led to major changes in the lifestyle of French citizens. The aim of our study was to study its impact on activity related to emergencies in hand and upper limb trauma in comparison to the same reference period in 2019. All consecutive patients consulting for upper limb injury requiring urgent care at Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP), France, during the lockdown period (case group) and the equivalent period in 2019 (control group) were included. In each group, the type of accident, the anatomical location of the injury, and the treatment were reported and compared. Two hundred seventy-five patients were included in the case group in comparison to 784 patients in the control group. We observed a two-third decrease in the rate of upper limb emergencies (-\u200964.9%) in particular a drastic drop in the rate of road, work, and leisure accidents (10.4% vs 14.3%, p\u2009=\u20090.1151; 10.0% vs 22.6%, p\u2009<\u20090.0001; 13.1% vs 30.8%, p\u2009<\u20090.0001, respectively), and a clear increase in domestic accidents (66.5% vs 32.3%, p\u2009<\u20090.0001). The aetiologies were more dominated by lacerations of soft tissues (48.4%, vs 38.3%, p\u2009=\u20090.0034) and infections (8.7% vs 5.1%, p\u2009=\u20090.0299) with an increase in the indications for surgical management (51.2% vs 36.9%, p\u2009<\u20090.0001). Conversely, we observed fewer consultations for joint injuries (20.7% vs 30.7%, p\u2009=\u20090.0015) and fractures (22.2% vs 25.9%, p\u2009=\u20090.2210). The lockdown imposed in France has changes the etiologies and the management of hand and upper limb emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32293905, "pmcid": "PMC7258645", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Clinical Samples from Critically Ill Patients.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Huang, Yongbo", "Chen, Sibei", "Yang, Zifeng", "Guan, Wenda", "Liu, Dongdong", "Lin, Zhimin", "Zhang, Yu", "Xu, Zhiheng", "Liu, Xiaoqing", "Li, Yimin"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293905", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312621, "pmcid": "PMC7158828", "title": "Ethical questions related to Covid-19 and ENT practice.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Simon, F"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312621", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332034, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors challenge legality of government's PPE guidance.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Clare"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332034", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456945, "pmcid": "PMC7190491", "title": "Angiotensin II suppression in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a therapeutic approach.", "journal": "Nefrologia", "authors": ["Lamas-Barreiro, Jose Maria", "Alonso-Suarez, Mario", "Fernandez-Martin, Jorge Julian", "Saavedra-Alonso, Jesus Angel"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456945", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499650, "title": "The online competition between pro- and anti-vaccination views.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Johnson, Neil F", "Velasquez, Nicolas", "Restrepo, Nicholas Johnson", "Leahy, Rhys", "Gabriel, Nicholas", "El Oud, Sara", "Zheng, Minzhang", "Manrique, Pedro", "Wuchty, Stefan", "Lupu, Yonatan"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499650", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Distrust in scientific expertise1-14 is dangerous. Opposition to vaccination with a future vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19, for example, could amplify outbreaks2-4, as happened for measles in 20195,6. Homemade remedies7,8 and falsehoods are being shared widely on the Internet, as well as dismissals of expert advice9-11. There is a lack of understanding about how this distrust evolves at the system level13,14. Here we provide a map of the contention surrounding vaccines that has emerged from the global pool of around three billion Facebook users. Its core reveals a multi-sided landscape of unprecedented intricacy that involves nearly 100\u00a0million individuals partitioned into highly dynamic, interconnected clusters across cities, countries, continents and languages. Although smaller in overall size, anti-vaccination clusters manage to become highly entangled with undecided clusters in the main online network, whereas pro-vaccination clusters are more peripheral. Our theoretical framework reproduces the recent explosive growth in anti-vaccination views, and predicts that these views will dominate in a decade. Insights provided by this framework can inform new policies and approaches to interrupt this shift to negative views. Our results challenge the conventional thinking about undecided individuals in issues of contention surrounding health, shed light on other issues of contention such as climate change11, and highlight the key role of network cluster dynamics in multi-species ecologies15."}, {"pmid": 32355435, "pmcid": "PMC7190554", "title": "Mathematical modeling of the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) taking into account the undetected infections. The case of China.", "journal": "Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul", "authors": ["Ivorra, B", "Ferrandez, M R", "Vela-Perez, M", "Ramos, A M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355435", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper we develop a mathematical model for the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is a new \u03b8-SEIHRD model (not a SIR, SEIR or other general purpose model), which takes into account the known special characteristics of this disease, as the existence of infectious undetected cases and the different sanitary and infectiousness conditions of hospitalized people. In particular, it includes a novel approach that considers the fraction \u03b8 of detected cases over the real total infected cases, which allows to study the importance of this ratio on the impact of COVID-19. The model is also able to estimate the needs of beds in hospitals. It is complex enough to capture the most important effects, but also simple enough to allow an affordable identification of its parameters, using the data that authorities report on this pandemic. We study the particular case of China (including Chinese Mainland, Macao, Hong-Kong and Taiwan, as done by the World Health Organization in its reports on COVID-19), the country spreading the disease, and use its reported data to identify the model parameters, which can be of interest for estimating the spread of COVID-19 in other countries. We show a good agreement between the reported data and the estimations given by our model. We also study the behavior of the outputs returned by our model when considering incomplete reported data (by truncating them at some dates before and after the peak of daily reported cases). By comparing those results, we can estimate the error produced by the model when identifying the parameters at early stages of the pandemic. Finally, taking into account the advantages of the novelties introduced by our model, we study different scenarios to show how different values of the percentage of detected cases would have changed the global magnitude of COVID-19 in China, which can be of interest for policy makers."}, {"pmid": 32379104, "title": "Mortality Rates of Patients with Proximal Femoral Fracture in a Worldwide Pandemic: Preliminary Results of the Spanish HIP-COVID Observational Study.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Munoz Vives, Josep Maria", "Jornet-Gibert, Montsant", "Camara-Cabrera, J", "Esteban, Pedro L", "Brunet, Laia", "Delgado-Flores, Luis", "Camacho-Carrasco, P", "Torner, P", "Marcano-Fernandez, Francesc"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379104", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), in December 2019 in Wuhan, People's Republic of China, has developed into an unprecedented pandemic with enormous pressure on health-care providers around the world. A higher mortality rate has been described in older infected individuals. Patients with hip fracture are a particularly vulnerable population during this pandemic because older age is associated with a higher mortality rate. Our aim was to describe the early mortality rate and demographic variables in a hip fracture sample population in Spain during the coronavirus pandemic. This is a multicenter, observational, retrospective, descriptive study. We collected data from 13 major hospitals in Spain from the beginning of the national state of alarm (declared on March 14, 2020, by the Spanish government) until the end of our study period on April 4, 2020. All patients who were \u226565 years of age, presented to the Emergency Department of the participating hospitals during this period with a diagnosis of proximal femoral fracture, and had a minimum follow-up of 10 days were included in the cohort. In addition to mortality, demographic and other potential prognostic variables were also collected. In this study, 136 patients with a hip fracture were included. Of these patients, 124 underwent a surgical procedure and 12 were managed nonoperatively. The total mortality rate was 9.6%. Sixty-two patients were tested for COVID-19, with 23 patients being positive. The mortality rate for these 23 patients was 30.4% (7 of 23 patients) at a mean follow-up of 14 days. The mortality rate was 10.3% (4 of 39) for patients who had been tested and had a negative result and 2.7% (2 of 74) for patients who had not been tested. Of the 12 patients who were managed nonoperatively, 8 (67%) died, whereas, of the 124 patients who were surgically treated, 5 (4%) died. Results differed among centers. There is a higher mortality rate in patients with a hip fracture and an associated positive test for COVID-19. Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence."}, {"pmid": 32439197, "pmcid": "PMC7187881", "title": "COVID-19 and Multiorgan Response.", "journal": "Curr Probl Cardiol", "authors": ["Zaim, Sevim", "Chong, Jun Heng", "Sankaranarayanan, Vissagan", "Harky, Amer"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439197", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak and rapid spread of COVID-19 starting late December 2019, it has been apparent that disease prognosis has largely been influenced by multiorgan involvement. Comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases have been the most common risk factors for severity and mortality. The hyperinflammatory response of the body, coupled with the plausible direct effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome on body-wide organs via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, has been associated with complications of the disease. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, heart failure, renal failure, liver damage, shock, and multiorgan failure have precipitated death. Acknowledging the comorbidities and potential organ injuries throughout the course of COVID-19 is therefore crucial in the clinical management of patients. This paper aims to add onto the ever-emerging landscape of medical knowledge on COVID-19, encapsulating its multiorgan impact."}, {"pmid": 32366514, "title": "Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19: Emerging Evidence of a Distinct Pathophysiology.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Batlle, Daniel", "Soler, Maria Jose", "Sparks, Matthew A", "Hiremath, Swapnil", "South, Andrew M", "Welling, Paul A", "Swaminathan, Sundararaman"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366514", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344469, "pmcid": "PMC7267271", "title": "DIC in COVID-19: Implications for Prognosis and Treatment?", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Seitz, Rainer", "Schramm, Wolfgang"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344469", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267998, "pmcid": "PMC7262152", "title": "Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) treatment for COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS): A case series.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Wang, Janice", "Hajizadeh, Negin", "Moore, Ernest E", "McIntyre, Robert C", "Moore, Peter K", "Veress, Livia A", "Yaffe, Michael B", "Moore, Hunter B", "Barrett, Christopher D"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267998", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A prothrombotic coagulopathy is commonly found in critically ill COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). A unique feature of COVID-19 respiratory failure is a relatively preserved lung compliance and high Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient, with pathology reports consistently demonstrating diffuse pulmonary microthrombi on autopsy, all consistent with a vascular occlusive etiology of respiratory failure rather than the more classic findings of low-compliance in ARDS. The COVID-19 pandemic is overwhelming the world's medical care capacity with unprecedented needs for mechanical ventilators and high rates of mortality once patients progress to needing mechanical ventilation, and in many environments including in parts of the United States the medical capacity is being exhausted. Fibrinolytic therapy has previously been used in a Phase 1 clinical trial that led to reduced mortality and marked improvements in oxygenation. Here we report a series of three patients with severe COVID-19 respiratory failure who were treated with tissue plasminogen activator. All three patients had a temporally related improvement in their respiratory status, with one of them being a durable response."}, {"pmid": 32385368, "title": "First CRISPR test for the coronavirus approved in the United States.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Guglielmi, Giorgia"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385368", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516374, "title": "Deployment of Information Technology to Facilitate Patient Care in the Isolation Ward during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Tsai, Ming-Ju", "Tsai, Wen-Tsung", "Pan, Hui-Sheng", "Hu, Chia-Kuei", "Chou, An-Ni", "Juang, Shian-Fei", "Huang, Ming-Kuo", "Hou, Ming-Feng"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516374", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524333, "title": "COVID 19: a clue from innate immunity.", "journal": "Immunol Res", "authors": ["Birra, Domenico", "Benucci, Maurizio", "Landolfi, Luigi", "Merchionda, Anna", "Loi, Gabriella", "Amato, Patrizia", "Licata, Gaetano", "Quartuccio, Luca", "Triggiani, Massimo", "Moscato, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524333", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on our lives and has rapidly expanded to reach more than 4 million cases worldwide by May 2020. These cases are characterized by extreme variability, from a mild or asymptomatic form lasting for a few days up to severe forms of interstitial pneumonia that may require ventilatory therapy and can lead to patient death.Several hypotheses have been drawn up to understand the role of the interaction between the infectious agent and the immune system in the development of the disease and the most severe forms; the role of the cytokine storm seems important.Innate immunity, as one of the first elements of guest interaction with different infectious agents, could play an important role in the development of the cytokine storm and be responsible for boosting more severe forms. Therefore, it seems important to study also this important arm of the immune system to adequately understand the pathogenesis of the disease. Research on this topic is also needed to develop therapeutic strategies for treatment of this disease."}, {"pmid": 32463192, "title": "Diagnostic imaging of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Aalokken, Trond Mogens", "Parkar, Anagha P", "Markussen, Tom-Vegard", "Ashraf, Haseem", "Mynarek, Georg Karl", "Nes, Harald", "Muller, Fredrik", "Schubert, Michael", "Jorgensen, Arve", "Blomberg, Siri Marie", "Bjornerheim, Reidar", "Klow, Nils Einar", "Hopp, Einar"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463192", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240582, "title": "Flattening the Curve for Incarcerated Populations - Covid-19 in Jails and Prisons.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Akiyama, Matthew J", "Spaulding, Anne C", "Rich, Josiah D"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240582", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432344, "title": "Should we continue using laparoscopy amid the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Emile, S H"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432344", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460302, "title": "Need for Objective Assessment of Volume Status in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: The Tri-POCUS Approach.", "journal": "Cardiorenal Med", "authors": ["Koratala, Abhilash", "Ronco, Claudio", "Kazory, Amir"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460302", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread across the globe, the knowledge of its epidemiology, clinical features, and management is rapidly evolving. Nevertheless, the data on optimal fluid management strategies for those who develop critical illness remain sparse. Adding to the challenge, the fluid volume status of these patients has been found to be dynamic. Some present with several days of malaise, gastrointestinal symptoms, and consequent hypovolemia requiring aggressive fluid resuscitation, while a subset develop acute respiratory distress syndrome with renal dysfunction and lingering congestion necessitating restrictive fluid management. Accurate objective assessment of volume status allows physicians to tailor the fluid management goals throughout this wide spectrum of critical illness. Conventional point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) enables the reliable assessment of fluid status and reducing the staff exposure. However, due to specific characteristics of COVID-19 (e.g., rapidly expanding lung lesions), a single imaging method such as lung POCUS will have significant limitations. Herein, we suggest a Tri-POCUS approach that represents concurrent bedside assessment of the lungs, heart, and the venous system. This combinational approach is likely to overcome the limitations of the individual methods and provide a more precise evaluation of the volume status in critically ill patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32341601, "pmcid": "PMC7184166", "title": "Management of Orthopaedic Patients During COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Guide.", "journal": "Indian J Orthop", "authors": ["Neradi, Deepak", "Hooda, Aman", "Shetty, Akshay", "Kumar, Deepak", "Salaria, Amit Kumar", "Goni, Vijay"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341601", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486140, "title": "Weakly Labeled Data Augmentation for Deep Learning: A Study on COVID-19 Detection in Chest X-Rays.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Rajaraman, Sivaramakrishnan", "Antani, Sameer"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486140", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic resulting in over 2.7 million infected individuals and over 190,000 deaths and growing. Assertions in the literature suggest that respiratory disorders due to COVID-19 commonly present with pneumonia-like symptoms which are radiologically confirmed as opacities. Radiology serves as an adjunct to the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test for confirmation and evaluating disease progression. While computed tomography (CT) imaging is more specific than chest X-rays (CXR), its use is limited due to cross-contamination concerns. CXR imaging is commonly used in high-demand situations, placing a significant burden on radiology services. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) has been suggested to alleviate this burden. However, there is a dearth of sufficient training data for developing image-based AI tools. We propose increasing training data for recognizing COVID-19 pneumonia opacities using weakly labeled data augmentation. This follows from a hypothesis that the COVID-19 manifestation would be similar to that caused by other viral pathogens affecting the lungs. We expand the training data distribution for supervised learning through the use of weakly labeled CXR images, automatically pooled from publicly available pneumonia datasets, to classify them into those with bacterial or viral pneumonia opacities. Next, we use these selected images in a stage-wise, strategic approach to train convolutional neural network-based algorithms and compare against those trained with non-augmented data. Weakly labeled data augmentation expands the learned feature space in an attempt to encompass variability in unseen test distributions, enhance inter-class discrimination, and reduce the generalization error. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that simple weakly labeled data augmentation (Acc: 0.5555 and Acc: 0.6536) is better than baseline non-augmented training (Acc: 0.2885 and Acc: 0.5028) in identifying COVID-19 manifestations as viral pneumonia. Interestingly, adding COVID-19 CXRs to simple weakly labeled augmented training data significantly improves the performance (Acc: 0.7095 and Acc: 0.8889), suggesting that COVID-19, though viral in origin, creates a uniquely different presentation in CXRs compared with other viral pneumonia manifestations."}, {"pmid": 32219674, "pmcid": "PMC7100464", "title": "Application of personal-oriented digital technology in preventing transmission of COVID-19, China.", "journal": "Ir J Med Sci", "authors": ["Pan, Xiao-Ben"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219674", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We reported several personal-oriented and mobile phone-based information technologies which were recently developed and widely used during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. These technologies help reduce the transmission of COVID-19 and maintain normal social order."}, {"pmid": 32436739, "title": "Contraception during Coronavirus-Covid 19 pandemia. Recommendations of the Board of the Italian Society of Contraception.", "journal": "Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care", "authors": ["Fruzzetti, F", "Cagnacci, A", "Primiero, F", "De Leo, V", "Bastianelli, C", "Bruni, V", "Caruso, S", "Di Carlo, C", "Farris, M", "Grandi, G", "Grasso, A", "Guida, M", "Meriggiola, M", "Paoletti, A M", "Cianci, A", "Nappi, C", "Volpe, A"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436739", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purpose: The Italian Society of Contraception identified as one of its priorities the need to give recommendations on management of contraception during Coronavirus-Covid 19 pandemiaMaterials and methods: A concise communication was produced which summarises in an easy-to-read format suitable for clinicians the management of the different contraceptives mostly used. Information how to manage contraception in different conditions is presented.Results: Women may, in general, continue to use either intrauterine and or hormonal contraceptives. The use of condom should be added to any hormonal contraceptive, when the contraceptive efficacy is reduced or when women stop the contraceptive method.Conclusion: At the present time, during the Coronavirus-Covid 19 pandemia, no data contraindicate the use of intrauterine or hormonal contraceptives. Conversely the use of an appropriate contraception is advocate to prevent unintended pregnancies."}, {"pmid": 32244248, "title": "COVID-19 in children and altered inflammatory responses.", "journal": "Pediatr Res", "authors": ["Molloy, Eleanor J", "Bearer, Cynthia F"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244248", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484683, "title": "Household Materials Selection for Homemade Cloth Face Coverings and Their Filtration Efficiency Enhancement with Triboelectric Charging.", "journal": "Nano Lett", "authors": ["Zhao, Mervin", "Liao, Lei", "Xiao, Wang", "Yu, Xuanze", "Wang, Haotian", "Wang, Qiqi", "Lin, Ying Ling", "Kilinc-Balci, F Selcen", "Price, Amy", "Chu, Larry", "Chu, May C", "Chu, Steven", "Cui, Yi"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484683", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is currently causing a severe disruption and shortage in the global supply chain of necessary personal protective equipment (e.g., N95 respirators). The U.S. CDC has recommended use of household cloth by the general public to make cloth face coverings as a method of source control. We evaluated the filtration properties of natural and synthetic materials using a modified procedure for N95 respirator approval. Common fabrics of cotton, polyester, nylon, and silk had filtration efficiency of 5-25%, polypropylene spunbond had filtration efficiency 6-10%, and paper-based products had filtration efficiency of 10-20%. An advantage of polypropylene spunbond is that it can be simply triboelectrically charged to enhance the filtration efficiency (from 6 to >10%) without any increase in pressure (stable overnight and in humid environments). Using the filtration quality factor, fabric microstructure, and charging ability, we are able to provide an assessment of suggested fabric materials for homemade facial coverings."}, {"pmid": 32408073, "pmcid": "PMC7204753", "title": "Lithium for the 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Gomez-Bernal, German"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408073", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524785, "title": "Infection Control and Management Strategy for COVID-19 in the Radiology Department: Focusing on Experiences from China.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Chen, Qian", "Zu, Zi Yue", "Jiang, Meng Di", "Lu, Lingquan", "Lu, Guang Ming", "Zhang, Long Jiang"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524785", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease rapidly spreading around the world, raising global public health concerns. Radiological examinations play a crucial role in the early diagnosis and follow-up of COVID-19. Cross infection among patients and radiographers can occur in radiology departments due to the close and frequent contact of radiographers with confirmed or potentially infected patients in a relatively confined room during radiological workflow. This article outlines our experience in the emergency management procedure and infection control of the radiology department during the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32226285, "pmcid": "PMC7098030", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: an Emerging Coronavirus that Causes a Global Threat.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Zheng, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226285", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus, currently designated as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was reported recently. However, as SARS-CoV-2 is an emerging virus, we know little about it. In this review, we summarize the key events occurred during the early stage of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the basic characteristics of the pathogen, the signs and symptoms of the infected patients as well as the possible transmission pathways of the virus. Furthermore, we also review the current knowledge on the origin and evolution of the SARS-CoV-2. We highlight bats as the potential natural reservoir and pangolins as the possible intermediate host of the virus, but their roles are waiting for further investigation. Finally, the advances in the development of chemotherapeutic options are also briefly summarized."}, {"pmid": 32495914, "title": "No infectious risk of COVID-19 patients with long-term fecal 2019-nCoV nucleic acid positive.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Wang, Q-X", "Huang, K-C", "Qi, L", "Zeng, X-H", "Zheng, S-L"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495914", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has recently been reported that some COVID-19 patients have long-term positive fecal nucleic acid after discharging from the hospital with negative nucleic acid in the respiratory tract, but it is unclear whether COVID-19 patients with positive long-term fecal nucleic acid tests have the risk of self-infection. From January 25, 2020 to March 9, 2020, 5 COVID-19 patients with negative respiratory tract nucleic acid and positive fecal nucleic acid were observed and studied to explore whether these patients can re-infect themselves. Five patients with COVID-19 accompanied by diarrhea as the main gastrointestinal symptoms were carefully observed through clinical symptoms, imaging and other auxiliary examinations. The RT-PCR technology was used to continuously detect fecal and respiratory viral nucleic acids. The IgM antibody was detected on the 7th day of admission and IgM/IgG at the time of discharge. All 5 patients had symptoms of fever and diarrhea upon admission. The fecal nucleic acid was positive, as well as the throat swab was positive. All COVID-19 patients had positive IgM antibodies on the 7th day of admission and positive IgM and IgG at the time of discharge, and there were no abnormalities in the gastrointestinal examination on discharge. All 5 fecal nucleic acid tests were positive at the time of discharge. After continuous dynamic follow-up for 3-15 days, no clinical symptoms recurred, and the last nucleic acid test was negative. There is no risk of self-infection for COVID-19 patients with long-term 2019-nCoV nucleic acid positive in feces."}, {"pmid": 32239628, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: Facts and controversies.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Conforti, Claudio", "Cannavo, Serafinella Patrizia", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Dianzani, Caterina", "Di Meo, Nicola", "Lotti, Torello", "Zalaudek, Iris", "Giuffrida, Roberta"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239628", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418648, "pmcid": "PMC7207099", "title": "Social isolation as a means of reducing dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety and increasing psychoneuroimmunity.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Milman, Evgenia", "Lee, Sherman A", "Neimeyer, Robert A"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418648", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431756, "pmcid": "PMC7220616", "title": "Introducing the \"Corona Curtain\": an innovative technique to prevent airborne COVID-19 exposure during emergent intubations.", "journal": "Patient Saf Surg", "authors": ["Hill, Eric", "Crockett, Christopher", "Circh, Ryan W", "Lansville, Frank", "Stahel, Philip F"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431756", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic places healthcare workers at risk of exposure to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Emergency department (ED) staff are particularly vulnerable when managing patients with acute respiratory distress due to the aerosolization of the virus during endotracheal intubation. A simple and innovative intubation tent was designed with the intent of decreasing the risk of accidental viral transmission from emergent intubations during the COVID-19 pandemic. The materials and assembly process of the novel \"Corona Curtain\" are described in technical detail, with the intent of allowing other providers to template the concept at their respective facilities. A total of 36 intubation tents were mounted in the ED at the Medical Center of Aurora, Colorado, on April 7, 2020, and thereafter consistently used for all intubations during the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak. The cost of raw materials and labor for the initial assembly averaged US $ 8.00 per construct. The price of the single-use plastic cover is variable depending on the vendor source. The new \"Corona Curtain\" was designed to improve the safety of ED staff when performing urgent/emergent intubations during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The concept can easily be adopted to other patient care areas, including perioperative and intensive care units. Future validation studies are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of the intubation tents by quantifying the pre-/post-intubation exposure through \"point-of-care\" SARS-CoV-2 testing once these resources are more widely available."}, {"pmid": 32474042, "pmcid": "PMC7255731", "title": "Fatality rate of COVID-19 in patients with malignancies: a sytematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Afshar, Zeinab Mohseni", "Dayani, Maliheh", "Naderi, Medi", "Ghabarveisi, Farnia", "Shiri, Samira", "Rajati, Fatemeh"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474042", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496919, "title": "Serodiagnostics for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus-2: A Narrative Review.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Cheng, Matthew P", "Yansouni, Cedric P", "Basta, Nicole E", "Desjardins, Michael", "Kanjilal, Sanjat", "Paquette, Katryn", "Caya, Chelsea", "Semret, Makeda", "Quach, Caroline", "Libman, Michael", "Mazzola, Laura", "Sacks, Jilian A", "Dittrich, Sabine", "Papenburg, Jesse"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496919", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Accurate serologic tests to detect host antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) will be critical for the public health response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Many use cases are envisaged, including complementing molecular methods for diagnosis of active disease and estimating immunity for individuals. At the population level, carefully designed seroepidemiologic studies will aid in the characterization of transmission dynamics and refinement of disease burden estimates and will provide insight into the kinetics of humoral immunity. Yet, despite an explosion in the number and availability of serologic assays to test for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, most have undergone minimal external validation to date. This hinders assay selection and implementation, as well as interpretation of study results. In addition, critical knowledge gaps remain regarding serologic correlates of protection from infection or disease, and the degree to which these assays cross-react with antibodies against related coronaviruses. This article discusses key use cases for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection tests and their application to serologic studies, reviews currently available assays, highlights key areas of ongoing research, and proposes potential strategies for test implementation."}, {"pmid": 32271507, "title": "Psychiatry's Niche Role in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Psychiatry", "authors": ["Goldberg, Joseph F"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271507", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362644, "title": "Lopinavir/ritonavir combination therapy amongst symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 patients in India: Protocol for restricted public health emergency use.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Bhatnagar, Tarun", "Murhekar, Manoj V", "Soneja, Manish", "Gupta, Nivedita", "Giri, Sidhartha", "Wig, Naveet", "Gangakhedkar, Raman"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362644", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of February 29, 2020, more than 85,000 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported from China and 53 other countries with 2,924 deaths. On January 30, 2020, the first laboratory-confirmed case of COVID was reported from Kerala, India. In view of the earlier evidence about effectiveness of repurposed lopinavir/ritonavir against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus (CoV), as well as preliminary docking studies conducted by the ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization approved the restricted public health use of lopinavir/ritonavir combination amongst symptomatic COVID-19 patients detected in the country. Hospitalized adult patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection with any one of the following criteria will be eligible to receive lopinavir/ritonavir for 14 days after obtaining written informed consent: (i) respiratory distress with respiratory rate \u226522/min or SpO2of <94 per cent; (ii) lung parenchymal infiltrates on chest X-ray; (iii) hypotension defined as systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg or need for vasopressor/inotropic medication; (iv) new-onset organ dysfunction; and (v) high-risk groups - age >60 yr, diabetes mellitus, renal failure, chronic lung disease and immunocompromised persons. Patients will be monitored to document clinical (hospital length of stay and mortality at 14, 28 and 90 days), laboratory (presence of viral RNA in serial throat swab samples) and safety (adverse events and serious adverse events) outcomes. Treatment outcomes amongst initial cases would be useful in providing guidance about the clinical management of patients with COVID-19. If found useful in managing initial SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, further evaluation using a randomized control trial design is warranted to guide future therapeutic use of this combination."}, {"pmid": 32386675, "pmcid": "PMC7188645", "title": "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 136 cases of COVID-19 in main district of Chongqing.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Chen, Peng", "Zhang, Ying", "Wen, Yongsheng", "Guo, Jinjun", "Jia, Jinwei", "Ma, Yu", "Xu, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386675", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We did a comprehensive exploration of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 136 patients with confirmed COVID-19 in main district of Chongqing which was adjacent to the west of Hubei province. This study was conducted on 136 patients with COVID-19 in main district of Chongqing from Jan 25 to Feb 20, 2020. Data of patients included demographic, epidemiological, clinical features, chest radiographs of imported cases, local cases, second-generation cases and third-generation cases. Student's t-test was adopted for quantitative variables while Pearson Chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables. The median age was 47 years and common symptoms of illness were cough (50.7%), fever (47.1%) and fatigue (14.0%). The time from contact symptomatic case to illness was 7.7 days, and 88 patients (64.7%) were cluster cases, radiological evidence found bilateral lung involvement was common (57.4%).Compared with the imported cases, the local cases were significantly older, the proportion of men is lower. There was higher proportion of cluster cases in local cases. Unlike imported cases, which fever was the dominant symptom, the local cases have more cough patients, with a significant higher proportion of asymptomatic patients. The\u00a0third-generation cases have a significant higher proportion of asymptomatic patients. We concluded the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the cases andsuggested to take more comprehensive measures for screening patients, especially for elderly person, avoid family gatherings, and implement more closely surveillance of suspect patients and their close contacts."}, {"pmid": 32119824, "pmcid": "PMC7124430", "title": "The response of Milan's Emergency Medical System to the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Spina, Stefano", "Marrazzo, Francesco", "Migliari, Maurizio", "Stucchi, Riccardo", "Sforza, Alessandra", "Fumagalli, Roberto"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32119824", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505532, "title": "Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Sex Med", "authors": ["Luria, Mijal", "Peleg Nesher, Sharon"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505532", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255735, "title": "Role and Management of a Head and Neck Department during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Lombardy.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Saibene, Alberto Maria", "Allevi, Fabiana", "Biglioli, Federico", "Felisati, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255735", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent Italian outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 led to an unprecedented burden on our health care system. Despite head and neck-otolaryngology not being a front-line specialty in dealing with this disease, our department had to face several specific issues. Despite a massive reallocation of resources in the hospital, we managed to keep the service active, improving safety measures for our personnel, specifically during common otolaryngologic maneuvers known to produce aerosols. Furthermore, we strived to maintain our teaching role, giving residents an inclusive role in managing the response to the emergency state, and we progressively integrated our inactive specialists into other service rotations to relieve front-line colleagues' burden. Specific issues and management decisions are discussed in detail in the article."}, {"pmid": 32374807, "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of healthcare professionals.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Ornell, Felipe", "Halpern, Silvia Chwartzmann", "Kessler, Felix Henrique Paim", "Narvaez, Joana Correa de Magalhaes"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374807", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266838, "pmcid": "PMC7142391", "title": "The Lebanese Society of Medical Oncology (LSMO) statement on the care of patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Bitar, Nizar", "Kattan, Joseph", "Kourie, Hampig Raphael", "Mukherji, Deborah", "Saghir, Nagi El"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266838", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522608, "title": "Evaluation of an Electrostatic Spray Disinfectant Technology for Rapid Decontamination of Portable Equipment and Large Open Areas in the Era of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Cadnum, Jennifer L", "Jencson, Annette L", "Livingston, Scott H", "Li, Daniel", "Redmond, Sarah N", "Pearlmutter, Basya", "Wilson, Brigid M", "Donskey, Curtis J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522608", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, efficient methods are needed to decontaminate shared portable devices and large open areas such as waiting rooms. We found that wheelchairs, portable equipment, and waiting room chairs were frequently contaminated with potential pathogens. After minimal manual pre-cleaning of areas with visible soiling, application of a dilute sodium hypochlorite disinfectant using an electrostatic sprayer provided rapid and effective decontamination and eliminated the benign virus bacteriophage MS2 from inoculated surfaces."}, {"pmid": 32383490, "pmcid": "PMC7267642", "title": "Considerations for transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) use during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Lacy, A M", "De Lacy, F B", "Balibrea, J M"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229048, "pmcid": "PMC7195419", "title": "[SARS-CoV-2/COVID 19 Infection and Solid Cancers: Synthesis of Recommendations for Health Professionals].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Grellety, Thomas", "Ravaud, Alain", "Canivet, Anne", "Ganem, Gerard", "Giraud, Philippe", "Guimbaud, Rosine", "Kaluzinski, Laure", "Krakowski, Ivan", "Mayeur, Didier", "Lotz, Jean-Pierre", "You, Benoit"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229048", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251789, "pmcid": "PMC7194591", "title": "Spatial epidemic dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kang, Dayun", "Choi, Hyunho", "Kim, Jong-Hun", "Choi, Jungsoon"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251789", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December 2019 an outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China, was reported. The outbreak spread rapidly to other Chinese cities and multiple countries. This study described the spatio-temporal pattern and measured the spatial association of the early stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in mainland China from 16 January-06 February 2020. This study explored the spatial epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 in mainland China. Moran's I spatial statistic with various definitions of neighbours was used to conduct a test to determine whether a spatial association of the COVID-19 infections existed. The spatial spread of the COVID-19 pandemic in China was observed. The results showed that most of the models, except medical-care-based connection models, indicated a significant spatial association of COVID-19 infections from around 22 January 2020. Spatial analysis is of great help in understanding the spread of infectious diseases, and spatial association was the key to the spatial spread during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in mainland China."}, {"pmid": 32501757, "title": "Woundcare4Heroes update: our response to COVID-19 and more.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Masker, Rachel"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501757", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417987, "pmcid": "PMC7229435", "title": "First motor seizure as presenting symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Fasano, Antonio", "Cavallieri, Francesco", "Canali, Elena", "Valzania, Franco"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417987", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32115732, "pmcid": "PMC7233262", "title": "The Wuhan SARS-CoV-2-What's next for China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lu, Hongzhou", "Stratton, Charles W", "Tang, Yi-Wei"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32115732", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515393, "title": "Long term complications and rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Dasgupta, Arundhati", "Kalhan, Atul", "Kalra, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515393", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 having caught the world almost unaware millions of people across the globe are presently grappling to deal with its acute effects . Our previous experience with members of the same corona virus family (SARS and MERS) which have caused two major epidemics in the past albeit of much lower magnitude , has taught us that the harmful effect of such outbreaks are not limited to acute complications alone .Long term cardiopulmonary, glucometabolic and neuropsychiatric complications have been documented following these infections .In the given circumstance it is therefore imperative to keep in mind the possible complications that may occur after the acute phase of the disease subsides and to prepare the healthcare system for such challenges."}, {"pmid": 32495574, "title": "[Clinical efficacy of Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection in treatment of 40 cases of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, Ming-Wei", "Chen, Feng", "Zhu, Ding-Jun", "Li, Jia-Zhu", "Zhu, Jin-Ling", "Zeng, Wei", "Qu, Shi-Lin", "Zhang, Yun"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495574", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we analyzed medical records of 40 patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), in order to explore the clinical efficacy of Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection in the treatment of COVID-19. The investigation was based on the results of a previous animal test, which was aimed to investigate and confirme the clinical efficacy of Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection in the treatment of COVID-19. The animal test demonstrated that Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection has a significant therapeutic effect on the human coronavirus pneumonia for the model mice. The lung inhibition index reached up to 86.86%. The evaluation was conducted on 40 confirmed cases of COVID-19 treated at Jingzhou Hospital of Infectious Disease(Chest Hospital) of Hubei Pro-vince from January 30~(th) to March 21~(th), 2020. In these cases, patients were treated with other integrated Chinese and Western medicines regimens in the recommended Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection diagnosis and treatment regimen. The clinical manifestations, laboratory data, nucleic acid clearance time, and imaging data were compared and analyzed before and after treatment. After administration with Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection, the clinical symptoms of 40 cases were alleviated markedly, and their blood analysis and biochemical indexes returned to normal. The lung CT showed more than 50% of lesion absorption rate, and the viral nucleic acid test showed the average clearance time of patients was 16.6 days, and the average length of hospital stay was 25.9 days. After administration with Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection, the symptoms of cough and fatigue were alleviated significantly, and the appetite was significantly improved compared with before, especially for patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. Additionally, laboratory indicators, especially absolute value and ratio of lymphocytes and CRP were significantly alleviated. According to the chest CT for short-term review, the absorption of lung lesions was faster than before, especially for grid-like and fibrotic lesions. Compared with antiviral drugs, such as Abidol and Kriging, the nucleic acid clearance time was significantly shorter than the cases treated with Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection. The clinical effective rate of 40 cases was 100.0%. We believed that Matrine and Sodium Chloride Injection have a good clinical effect in the treatment of COVID-19, and suggested increasing the clinical application and further conducting large-sample-size cli-nical verification."}, {"pmid": 32246450, "title": "D-dimer is Associated with Severity of Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Pooled Analysis.", "journal": "Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Favaloro, Emmanuel J"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246450", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358412, "pmcid": "PMC7224601", "title": "COVID-19 and Orthopaedic Surgery: Experiences from Iran.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Askari, Alireza", "Arasteh, Peyman", "Jabalameli, Mahmoud", "Bagherifard, Abolfazl", "Razi, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358412", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32135584, "title": "[Recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children (first interim edition)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32135584", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470207, "title": "Frequency of lupus anticoagulant in Covid-19 patients.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Harzallah, Ines", "Debliquis, Agathe", "Drenou, Bernard"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470207", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have recently published in the Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis the presence of lupus anticoagulant (LAC) at high frequency in Covid-19 patients (Harzallah et al.1 ). Bowles et al.2 and Helms et al.3 have confirmed these results in new publications. Tang4 has reported discordant data. He has found that very few tested covid-19 patients had positive LAC in a small series (n=12). Bowles et al. have found that LAC were positive in 91% of patients (n=34) with high activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)."}, {"pmid": 32283161, "pmcid": "PMC7195094", "title": "Duration for carrying SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Du, Xinwei", "Yu, Xue", "Li, Qingqing", "Li, Xianyang", "Qin, Tao", "Luo, Qiankun", "Wang, Miaomiao", "Jiang, Minlin", "Bai, Li", "Wang, Xiaoping", "Pan, Yanfeng"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283161", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489935, "pmcid": "PMC7242292", "title": "Persistent viral shedding lasting over 60 days in a mild COVID-19 patient with ongoing positive SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Zhang, Lan", "Li, Changbo", "Zhou, Yanru", "Wang, Binjie", "Zhang, Jiajia"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489935", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338050, "title": "Prof Gita Ramjee- untimely snatched from the world by Covid-19 - a Tribute.", "journal": "AIDS Care", "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338050", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478853, "title": "Perspectives COVID-19 and PPE in context: an interview with China.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Harvey, Jessica"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478853", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The author aims to depict the current COVID-19 pandemic and personal protective equipment (PPE) crisis in the UK. The current situation is put into context exploring the history of global outbreaks of infectious disease and what has been learnt. These lessons are then applied and weighed against the recent response to coronavirus. An in depth interview with a UK biomedical SME based in Shanghai, China is reported in order to inform future procurement of PPE. It is hoped that an appreciation of the dynamic nature of the market will allow adaptations to be made in order to secure reliable supply chains moving forwards."}, {"pmid": 32167816, "title": "Using public health law to contain the spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Griffith, Richard"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167816", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, considers what powers are available to ministers, health and local authorities to minimise the spread of the novel coronavirus and the disease it causes."}, {"pmid": 32221515, "title": "Spotlight on Jails: COVID-19 Mitigation Policies Needed Now.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wurcel, Alysse G", "Dauria, Emily", "Zaller, Nicholas", "Nijhawan, Ank", "Beckwith, Curt", "Nowotny, Kathryn", "Brinkley-Rubinstein, Lauren"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221515", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407757, "pmcid": "PMC7212962", "title": "Age but not sex may explain the negative effect of arterial hypertension and diabetes on COVID-19 prognosis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Pirola, Carlos J", "Sookoian, Silvia"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407757", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500388, "pmcid": "PMC7272109", "title": "We Are the First to Applaud You Regarding Your Efforts in COVID-19: A Message from the African Diaspora to Our Brothers and Sisters of Africa.", "journal": "J Racial Ethn Health Disparities", "authors": ["Laurencin, Cato T", "McClinton, Aneesah"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500388", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As African countries address the COVID-19 pandemic, we applaud the continent and its efforts in the crisis, and offer a message that includes lessons learned from the American experience."}, {"pmid": 32345862, "pmcid": "PMC7228030", "title": "Preparing for the aftermath of COVID-19: important considerations for healthcare providers and hospital administrators.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Holthof, Niels"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345862", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333206, "pmcid": "PMC7180637", "title": "From HIV to Coronavirus: AIDS Service Organizations Adaptative Responses to COVID-19, Birmingham, Alabama.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Kay, Emma Sophia", "Musgrove, Karen"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333206", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452731, "title": "A Comparison of Clinical and Chest CT Findings in Patients With Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Yin, Zhilan", "Kang, Zhen", "Yang, Danhui", "Ding, Shuizi", "Luo, Hong", "Xiao, Enhua"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452731", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and chest CT findings in patients with influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia and coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty patients with diagnosed influenza A (H1N1) virus infection (group A) and 30 patients with diagnosed COVID-19 (group B) were retrospectively enrolled in the present study. The clinical characteristics and chest CT findings of the two groups were compared. RESULTS. Fever, cough, expectoration, and dyspnea were the main symptoms in both groups with viral pneumonia, with cough and expectoration more frequently found in group A. Lymphopenia, an elevated C-reactive protein level, and an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate were common laboratory test findings in the two groups. The median time from symptom onset to CT in group A and group B was 6 and 15 days, respectively, and the median total CT score of the pulmonary lobes involved was 6 and 13, respectively. Linear opacification, crazy-paving sign, vascular enlargement, were more common in group B. In contrast, bronchiectasis and pleural effusion were more common in group A. Other common CT features, including peripheral or peribronchovascular distribution, ground-glass opacities (GGOs), consolidation, subpleural line, air bronchogram, and bronchial distortion, did not show statistical significance. CONCLUSION. On CT, the significant differences between influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia and COVID-19 pneumonia were findings of linear opacification, crazy-paving sign, vascular enlargement, pleural thickening, and pleural effusion, which were more common in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, and bronchiectasis and pleural effusion, which were more common in patients with influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia. Other imaging findings, including peripheral or peribronchovascular distribution, ground-glass opacities (GGO), consolidation, subpleural line, air bronchogram, and bronchial distortion, were not significantly different between the two patient groups."}, {"pmid": 32273245, "pmcid": "PMC7129028", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: Important considerations for contact lens practitioners.", "journal": "Cont Lens Anterior Eye", "authors": ["Jones, Lyndon", "Walsh, Karen", "Willcox, Mark", "Morgan, Philip", "Nichols, Jason"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273245", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (CoV), the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2), results in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As information concerning the COVID-19 disease continues to evolve, patients look to their eye care practitioners for accurate eye health guidance. There is currently no evidence to suggest an increased risk of contracting COVID-19 through contact lens (CL) wear compared to spectacle lens wear and no scientific evidence that wearing standard prescription spectacles provides protection against COVID-19 or other viral transmissions. During the pandemic there will potentially be significant changes in access to local eyecare. Thus, it is imperative CL wearers are reminded of the steps they should follow to minimise their risk of complications, to reduce their need to leave isolation and seek care. Management of adverse events should be retained within optometric systems if possible, to minimise the impact on the wider healthcare service, which will be stretched. Optimal CL care behaviours should be the same as those under normal circumstances, which include appropriate hand washing (thoroughly with soap and water) and drying (with paper towels) before both CL application and removal. Daily CL cleaning and correct case care for reusable CL should be followed according to appropriate guidelines, and CL exposure to water must be avoided. Where the availability of local clinical care is restricted, practitioners could consider advising patients to reduce or eliminate sleeping in their CL (where patients have the appropriate knowledge about correct daily care and access to suitable lens-care products) or consider the option of moving patients to daily disposable lenses (where patients have appropriate lens supplies available). Patients should also avoid touching their face, including their eyes, nose and mouth, with unwashed hands and avoid CL wear altogether if unwell (particularly with any cold or flu-like symptoms)."}, {"pmid": 32317405, "title": "Tracking the impact of interventions against COVID-19 in absence of extensive testing.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Karthikeyan, Ganesan"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317405", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381375, "pmcid": "PMC7180380", "title": "Tackling the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Rahimi, Farid", "Talebi Bezmin Abadi, Amin"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381375", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the initial outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic (now called COVID-19)-in Wuhan, China-and its subsequent fast dispersion throughout the world, many questions regarding its pathogenesis, genetic evolution, prevention, and transmission routes remain unanswered but fast explored. More than 100,000 confirmed, infected cases within a relatively short period of time globally corroborated the presumption that a pandemic will develop; such a pandemic will require a suite of global intervention measures. Consequently, different countries have reacted differently to the COVID-19 outbreak, but a uniform global response is necessary for tackling the pandemic. Managing the present or future COVID-19 outbreaks is not impossible but surely difficult. Barring the live-animal trade at the markets; revising the regulations and rules of customs, import or export across borders; supporting and expediting projects to develop vaccines and antiviral drugs; immediate quarantine of the involved regions; and also producing and supplying a large number of protective facemasks and preventing its stockpiling or smuggling are the main actions suggested to deal with the present or a forthcoming COVID-19 outbreaks. Increasing numbers of infected cases had heightened concerns about the public health and welfare. Thus, preparing for the next probable pandemic of COVID-19 demands scrutinization of the lessons we have learnt so far."}, {"pmid": 32391661, "title": "[Study on the epidemic development of COVID-19 in Hubei province by a modified SEIR model].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Cao, Shengli", "Feng, Peihua", "Shi, Pengpeng"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391661", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To establish a SEIR epidemic dynamics model that can be used to evaluate the COVID-19 epidemic, and to predict and evaluate the COVID-19 epidemic in Hubei province using the proposed model. COVID-19 SEIR transmission dynamics model was established, which took transmission ability in latent period and tracking quarantine interventions into consideration. Based on the epidemic data of Hubei province from January 23, 2020 to February 24, 2020, the parameters of the newly established modified SEIR model were fitted. By using Euler integral algorithm to solve the modified SEIR dynamics model, the epidemic situation in Hubei province was analyzed, and the impact of prevention and control measures such as quarantine and centralized treatment on the epidemic development was discussed. The theoretical estimation of the epidemic situation by the modified SEIR epidemic dynamics model is in good agreement with the actual situation in Hubei province. Theoretical analysis showed that prevention and control quarantine and medical follow-up quarantine played an important inhibitory effect on the outbreak of the epidemic.The centralized treatment played a key role in the rapid decline in the number of infected people. In addition, it is suggested that individuals should improve their prevention awareness and take strict self-protection measures to curb the increase in infected people. The modified SEIR model is reliable in the evaluation of COVID-19 epidemic in Hubei province, which provides a theoretical reference for the decision-making of epidemic interventions."}, {"pmid": 32418371, "title": "RESILIENCE AND COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol", "authors": ["Solano Gamez, Armando"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418371", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463802, "title": "New York City COVID-19 resident physician exposure during exponential phase of pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Breazzano, Mark P", "Shen, Junchao", "Abdelhakim, Aliaa H", "Dagi Glass, Lora", "Horowitz, Jason", "Xie, Sharon X", "De Moraes, C Gustavo", "Chen-Plotkin, Alice", "Chen, Royce Ws"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463802", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BackgroundFrom March 2-April 12, 2020, New York City (NYC) experienced exponential growth of the COVID-19 pandemic due to novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Little is known regarding how physicians have been affected. We aimed to characterize COVID-19 impact on NYC resident physicians.MethodsIRB-exempt and expedited cross-sectional analysis through survey to NYC residency program directors (PDs) April 3-12, 2020, encompassing events from March 2-April 12, 2020.ResultsFrom an estimated 340 residency programs around NYC, recruitment yielded 91 responses, representing 24 specialties and 2,306 residents. 45.1% of programs reported at least one resident with confirmed COVID-19: 101 resident physicians were confirmed COVID-19-positive, with an additional 163 residents presumed positive for COVID-19 based on symptoms but awaiting or unable to obtain testing. Two COVID-19-positive residents were hospitalized, with one in intensive care. Among specialties with >100 residents represented, negative binomial regression indicated that infection risk differed by specialty (p=0.039). 80% of programs reported quarantining a resident. 90/91 programs reported reuse or extended mask use, and 43 programs reported that personal protective equipment (PPE) was suboptimal. 65 programs (74.7%) have redeployed residents elsewhere to support COVID-19 efforts.ConclusionMany resident physicians around NYC have been affected by COVID-19 through direct infection, quarantine, or redeployment. Lack of access to testing and concern regarding suboptimal PPE are common among residency programs. Infection risk may differ by specialty.FundingAHA, MPB, RWSC, CGM, LRDG, JDH: NEI Core Grant P30EY019007, RPB Unrestricted Grant. ACP and JS: Parker Family Chair. SXX: University of Pennsylvania."}, {"pmid": 32265848, "pmcid": "PMC7105881", "title": "Subunit Vaccines Against Emerging Pathogenic Human Coronaviruses.", "journal": "Front Microbiol", "authors": ["Wang, Ning", "Shang, Jian", "Jiang, Shibo", "Du, Lanying"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265848", "countries": ["China", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Seven coronaviruses (CoVs) have been isolated from humans so far. Among them, three emerging pathogenic CoVs, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and a newly identified CoV (2019-nCoV), once caused or continue to cause severe infections in humans, posing significant threats to global public health. SARS-CoV infection in humans (with about 10% case fatality rate) was first reported from China in 2002, while MERS-CoV infection in humans (with about 34.4% case fatality rate) was first reported from Saudi Arabia in June 2012. 2019-nCoV was first reported from China in December 2019, and is currently infecting more than 70000 people (with about 2.7% case fatality rate). Both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are zoonotic viruses, using bats as their natural reservoirs, and then transmitting through intermediate hosts, leading to human infections. Nevertheless, the intermediate host for 2019-nCoV is still under investigation and the vaccines against this new CoV have not been available. Although a variety of vaccines have been developed against infections of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, none of them has been approved for use in humans. In this review, we have described the structure and function of key proteins of emerging human CoVs, overviewed the current vaccine types to be developed against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and summarized recent advances in subunit vaccines against these two pathogenic human CoVs. These subunit vaccines are introduced on the basis of full-length spike (S) protein, receptor-binding domain (RBD), non-RBD S protein fragments, and non-S structural proteins, and the potential factors affecting these subunit vaccines are also illustrated. Overall, this review will be helpful for rapid design and development of vaccines against the new 2019-nCoV and any future CoVs with pandemic potential. This review was written for the topic of Antivirals for Emerging Viruses: Vaccines and Therapeutics in the Virology section of Frontiers in Microbiology."}, {"pmid": 32474576, "title": "Dose Optimization of Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19: Do Blood Concentrations Matter?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ippolito, Matthew M", "Flexner, Charles"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474576", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479247, "title": "Novel Coronavirus Disease and the Current Scenario of the Global Health Emergency.", "journal": "Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem", "authors": ["Baruah, Geetanjali", "Sahu, Jagajjit"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479247", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503854, "title": "EULAR provisional recommendations for the management of rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases in the context of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Landewe, Robert Bm", "Machado, Pedro M", "Kroon, Feline", "Bijlsma, Hans Wj", "Burmester, Gerd R", "Carmona, Loreto", "Combe, Bernard", "Galli, Massimo", "Gossec, Laure", "Iagnocco, Annamaria", "Isaacs, John D", "Mariette, Xavier", "McInnes, Iain", "Mueller-Ladner, Ulf", "Openshaw, Peter", "Smolen, Josef S", "Stamm, Tanja A", "Wiek, Dieter", "Schulze-Koops, Hendrik"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503854", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The provisional EULAR recommendations address several aspects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus, and the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and are meant for patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMD) and their caregivers. A task force of 20 members was convened by EULAR that met several times by videoconferencing in April 2020. The task force finally agreed on five overarching principles and 13 recommendations covering four generic themes: (1) General measures and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (2) The management of RMD when local measures of social distancing are in effect. (3) The management of COVID-19 in the context of RMD. (4) The prevention of infections other than SARS-CoV-2. EULAR considers this set of recommendations as a 'living document' and a starting point, which will be updated as soon as promising new developments with potential impact on the care of patients with RMD become available."}, {"pmid": 32265149, "pmcid": "PMC7141452", "title": "End-Stage Heart Failure With COVID-19: Strong Evidence of Myocardial Injury by 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "JACC Heart Fail", "authors": ["Dong, Nianguo", "Cai, Jie", "Zhou, Ying", "Liu, Junwei", "Li, Fei"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265149", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530526, "title": "COVID-19 and Immigrants' Access to Sexual and Reproductive Health Services in the United States.", "journal": "Perspect Sex Reprod Health", "authors": ["Desai, Sheila", "Samari, Goleen"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530526", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532430, "title": "Consensus Document of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC), the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) and the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (SEDAR) on Tracheotomy in Patients with COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim", "authors": ["Martin Delgado, M C", "Aviles-Jurado, F X", "Alvarez Escudero, J", "Alvarez-Santuyano, C A", "de Haro Lopez, C", "Diaz de Cerio Canduela, P", "Ferrandis Pereperez, E", "Ferrando Ortola, C", "Ferrer Roca, R", "Hernandez Tejedor, A", "Lopez Alvarez, F", "Monedero Rodriguez, P", "Ortiz Suner, A", "Parente Arias, P", "Planas Roca, A", "Plaza Mayor, G", "Rascado Sedes, P", "Sistiaga Suarez, J A", "Vera Ching, C", "Villalonga Vadell, R", "Bernal-Sprekelsen, M"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532430", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has rendered up to 15% of patients under mechanical ventilation. Because the subsequent tracheotomy is a frequent procedure, the three societies mostly involved (SEMICYUC, SEDAR and SEORL-CCC) have setup a consensus paper that offers an overview about indications and contraindications of tracheotomy, be it by puncture or open, clarifying its respective advantages and enumerating the ideal conditions under which they should be performed, as well as the necessary steps. Regular and emergency situations are displayed together with the postoperative measures."}, {"pmid": 32197059, "title": "Early Introduction of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 into Europe.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Olsen, Sonja J", "Chen, Meng-Yu", "Liu, Yu-Lun", "Witschi, Mark", "Ardoin, Alexis", "Calba, Clementine", "Mathieu, Pauline", "Masserey, Virginie", "Maraglino, Francesco", "Marro, Stefano", "Penttinen, Pasi", "Robesyn, Emmanuel", "Pukkila, Jukka"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32197059", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Europe were detected in travelers from Wuhan, China, in January 2020. In 1 tour group, 5 of 30 members were ill; 3 cases were laboratory confirmed. In addition, a healthcare worker was infected. This event documents early importation and subsequent spread of the virus in Europe."}, {"pmid": 32386807, "pmcid": "PMC7195105", "title": "COVID-19 response and containment strategies in the US, South Korea, and Iceland: Lessons learned and future directions.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Sen-Crowe, Brendon", "McKenney, Mark", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386807", "countries": ["United States", "Iceland", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473912, "pmcid": "PMC7244416", "title": "Transcatheter mitral valve repair with MitraClip for severe mitral regurgitation and cardiogenic shock during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Revasc Med", "authors": ["Chitturi, Kalyan R", "Faza, Nadeen N", "Little, Stephen H", "Kleiman, Neal S", "Reardon, Michael J", "Goel, Sachin S"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473912", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Transcatheter mitral valve repair with MitraClip (Abbott) is largely an elective procedure. The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed challenges to health care systems; in many cases elective interventions have been curtailed. Patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and cardiogenic shock are high-risk surgical candidates and at risk of a poor outcome without intervention. The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the Society of Coronary Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) recently proposed joint guidance on triage of structural heart disease (SHD) interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We present two illustrative cases of severe MR and cardiogenic shock that were successfully treated with MitraClip amidst the COVID-19 pandemic with good outcomes at short term follow-up."}, {"pmid": 32399457, "pmcid": "PMC7213833", "title": "Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis as a Presentation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Hughes, Christopher", "Nichols, Tom", "Pike, Martin", "Subbe, Christian", "Elghenzai, Salah"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399457", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We describe the case of a 59-year-old man who presented with headache, hypertension and a single episode of fever with no other symptoms. He subsequently developed unilateral weakness. Computer tomography identified a cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). A subsequent test for COVID-19 was positive. This is the first report of CVST as a presenting symptom of COVID-19 infection. Thrombotic events may be the initial presenting symptom of COVID-19.These thrombotic events include stroke, venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism and cardiac complications.Clinicians should carefully consider the risk of thrombosis in patients positive for COVID-19, including prophylaxis and treatment beyond discharge."}, {"pmid": 32122113, "title": "[Thinking on Clinical rational use of TCM injection in the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Z F", "Wang, Y P", "Zhang, H M", "Fan, Y P", "Lu, C", "Wang, Y Y"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122113", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378293, "pmcid": "PMC7267429", "title": "Update on COVID-19 Effects in Dermatology Specialty.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Goldust, Mohamad", "Kroumpouzos, George", "Murrell, Dedee F", "Rudnicka, Lidia", "Das, Anupam", "Lotti, Torello", "Navarini, Alexander A"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378293", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422309, "pmcid": "PMC7255117", "title": "Is it possible to achieve 100 percent hand hygiene compliance during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic?", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Wong, S-C", "AuYeung, C H-Y", "Lam, G K-M", "Leung, E Y-L", "Chan, V W-M", "Yuen, K-Y", "Cheng, V C-C"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422309", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407597, "pmcid": "PMC7272863", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Gerodontology", "authors": ["Slack-Smith, Linda"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407597", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361723, "pmcid": "PMC7197616", "title": "Clinical and laboratory predictors of in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Kun", "Zuo, Peiyuan", "Liu, Yuwei", "Zhang, Meng", "Zhao, Xiaofang", "Xie, Songpu", "Zhang, Hao", "Chen, Xinglin", "Liu, Chengyun"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361723", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to develop mortality-prediction models for patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The training cohort were consecutive patients with COVID-19 in the First People's Hospital of Jiangxia District in Wuhan from January 7, 2020 to February 11, 2020. We selected baseline clinical and laboratory data through the stepwise Akaike information criterion and ensemble XGBoost model to build mortality-prediction models. We then validated these models by randomly collecting COVID-19 patients in the Infection department of Union Hospital in Wuhan from January 1, 2020, to February 20, 2020. 296 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled in the training cohort, 19 of whom died during hospitalization and 277 were discharged from the hospital. The clinical model developed with age, history of hypertension and coronary heart disease showed AUC of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80-0.95); threshold, -2.6551; sensitivity, 92.31%; specificity, 77.44% and negative predictive value (NPV), 99.34%. The laboratory model developed with age, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), peripheral capillary oxygen saturation (SpO2), neutrophil and lymphocyte count, D-dimer, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) had a significantly stronger discriminatory power than the clinical model (p=0.0157), with AUC of 0.98 (95% CI, 0.92-0.99); threshold, -2.998; sensitivity, 100.00%; specificity, 92.82% and NPV, 100.00%. In the subsequent validation cohort (N=44), the AUCs (95% CI) were 0.83 (0.68, 0.93) and 0.88 (0.75, 0.96) for clinical model and laboratory model, respectively. We developed two predictive models for the in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan and validated in patients from another center."}, {"pmid": 32370951, "pmcid": "PMC7196408", "title": "Missed or delayed diagnosis of Kawasaki disease during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Harahsheh, Ashraf S", "Dahdah, Nagib", "Newburger, Jane W", "Portman, Michael A", "Piram, Maryam", "Tulloh, Robert", "McCrindle, Brian W", "de Ferranti, Sarah D", "Cimaz, Rolando", "Truong, Dongngan T", "Burns, Jane C"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370951", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350002, "title": "Treatment of patients with nonsevere and severe coronavirus disease 2019: an evidence-based guideline.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Ye, Zhikang", "Rochwerg, Bram", "Wang, Ying", "Adhikari, Neill K", "Murthy, Srinivas", "Lamontagne, Francois", "Fowler, Robert A", "Qiu, Haibo", "Wei, Li", "Sang, Ling", "Loeb, Mark", "Shen, Ning", "Huang, Minhua", "Jiang, Zhaonan", "Arabi, Yaseen M", "Colunga-Lozano, Luis Enrique", "Jiang, Li", "Koh, Younsuck", "Liu, Dong", "Liu, Fang", "Phua, Jason", "Shen, Aizong", "Huo, Tianyi", "Du, Bin", "Zhai, Suodi", "Guyatt, Gordon H"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350002", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405877, "pmcid": "PMC7218701", "title": "A Review: Does Complement or the Contact System Have a Role in Protection or Pathogenesis of COVID-19?", "journal": "Pulm Ther", "authors": ["Maglakelidze, Natella", "Manto, Kristen M", "Craig, Timothy J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405877", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 presentation may include a profound increase in cytokines and associated pneumonia, rapidly progressing to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This so-called cytokine storm often leads to refractory edema, respiratory arrest, and death. At present, anti-IL-6, antiviral therapy, convalescent plasma, hydroxychloroquine, and azithromycin among others are being investigated as potential treatments for COVID-19. As the disease etiology and precise therapeutic interventions are still not definitively defined, we wanted to review the roles that complement and the contact system may have in either the treatment or pathogenesis of the disease. We searched the recent literature (PubMed) on complement and coronavirus; contact system and coronavirus; bradykinin and coronavirus; and angiotensin receptor and coronavirus. The manuscript complies with ethics guidelines and was deemed exempt from institutional review board approval according to Human Subjects Protection Office guidelines. Mouse models are available for the study of coronavirus and complement. Although complement is effective in protecting against many viruses, it does not seem to be protective against coronavirus. C3 knockout mice infected with SARS-CoV had less lung disease than wild-type mice, suggesting that complement may play a role in coronavirus pathogenesis. Some evidence suggests that the observed pulmonary edema may be bradykinin-induced and could be the reason that corticosteroids, antihistamines, and other traditional interventions for edema are not effective. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a co-receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and studies thus far have not concluded a benefit or risk associated with the use of either ACE-inhibitors or angiotensin receptor antagonists. Activation of complement and the contact system, through generation of bradykinin, may play a role in the SARS-CoV-2-induced pulmonary edema, and our search suggests that further work is necessary to confirm our suspicions."}, {"pmid": 32500608, "title": "Brief Report: Increased Addictive Internet and Substance Use Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China.", "journal": "Am J Addict", "authors": ["Sun, Yan", "Li, Yangyang", "Bao, Yanping", "Meng, Shiqiu", "Sun, Yankun", "Schumann, Gunter", "Kosten, Thomas", "Strang, John", "Lu, Lin", "Shi, Jie"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500608", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic and control measures may have increased the risk of abusing addictive substances as well as addictive behaviors. We present an initial online survey in 6416 Chinese about the relation between the COVID-19 pandemic and addictive behavior in China. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 46.8% of the subjects reported increased dependence on internet use, and 16.6% had longer hours of internet use. The prevalence (4.3%) of severe internet dependence rose up to 23% than that (3.5%) before the COVID-19 pandemic occurred, and their dependence degree rose 20 times more often than being declined (60% vs 3%). Relapses to abuse from alcohol and smoking abstinence were relatively common at 19% and 25%, respectively. Similarly, 32% of regular alcohol drinkers and 20% of regular smokers increased their usage amount during the pandemic. These three coping behaviors (internet, alcohol, and smoking) during this COVID-19-related crisis appear to have increased the risk for substance use disorders and internet addiction. (Am J Addict 2020;00:00-00)."}, {"pmid": 32486619, "title": "Enforced format change to medical education webinar during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Korean J Med Educ", "authors": ["Lee, Young-Mee", "Park, Hyunmi", "Pyun, Sung-Bom", "Yoon, Young Wook"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486619", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455514, "title": "[Risk assessment of global COVID-19 imported cases into China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Shen, S P", "Wei, Y Y", "Zhao, Y", "Jiang, Y", "Guan, J X", "Chen, F"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455514", "countries": ["France", "Singapore", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom", "Russian Federation", "United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To assess the risk of COVID-19 foreign imports cases to China. Methods: We collected epidemic data (cumulative daily confirmed cases in each country, cumulative confirmed imported cases), demographic data (population density, population) and information on potential source groups of tourists (the daily estimated number of overseas Chinese, overseas Chinese students, overseas workers, foreign students coming to China and flight passengers) and the global health security index (GHS) to assess and predict risk of imported cases for recent (February 1st to April 25th) and future (after April 26th). Results: Strong positive correlation was found among variables including the number of imported cases, cumulative confirmed cases, attack rate, number of overseas Chinese, number of overseas Chinese students, number of foreign students coming to China, number of flight passengers and GHS. In the recent risk analysis, imported cases of Russian were the highest, followed by United Kingdom, United States, France and Spain. In the future risk prediction, 44 countries including United States and Singapore are evaluated as potential high-risk countries in the future through the attack rate index of each country and the estimated average number of daily passengers. Conclusion: The risk assessment of COVID-19 imported cases can be used to identify high-risk areas in recent and future, and might be helpful to strengthen the prevention and control of the epidemic and ultimately overcome the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32501754, "title": "Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Krishnan, Lakshmi", "Ogunwole, S Michelle", "Cooper, Lisa A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501754", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is exacting a disproportionate toll on ethnic minority communities and magnifying existing disparities in health care access and treatment. To understand this crisis, physicians and public health researchers have searched history for insights, especially from a great outbreak approximately a century ago: the 1918 influenza pandemic. However, of the accounts examining the 1918 influenza pandemic and COVID-19, only a notable few discuss race. Yet, a rich, broader scholarship on race and epidemic disease as a \"sampling device for social analysis\" exists. This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. This analysis reveals that critical structural inequities and health care gaps have historically contributed to and continue to compound disparate health outcomes among communities of color. Shifting from this context to the present, this article frames a discussion of racial health disparities through a resilience approach rather than a deficit approach and offers a blueprint for approaching the COVID-19 crisis and its afterlives through the lens of health equity."}, {"pmid": 32343745, "pmcid": "PMC7209966", "title": "Sex-specific clinical characteristics and prognosis of coronavirus disease-19 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective study of 168 severe patients.", "journal": "PLoS Pathog", "authors": ["Meng, Yifan", "Wu, Ping", "Lu, Wanrong", "Liu, Kui", "Ma, Ke", "Huang, Liang", "Cai, Jiaojiao", "Zhang, Hong", "Qin, Yu", "Sun, Haiying", "Ding, Wencheng", "Gui, Lingli", "Wu, Peng"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343745", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To confirm the relationship between sex and the progression of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19), and its potential mechanism, among severe patients. For this retrospective study, we included 168 consecutive severe patients with pathogen-confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized between January 16th and February 4th, 2020, at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. Clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and outcomes were compared and analyzed between males and females. In the present study, we analyzed 168 severe patients with COVID-19, including 86 males and 82 females, and 48 patients (28.6%) were diagnosed as critically ill. Of 86 male patients, 12.8% (11/86) died and 75.6% (65/86) were discharged; of 82 female patients, 7.3% (6/82) died and 86.6% (71/82) were discharged. Eleven laboratory parameters showed significant differences between male and female patients, and six of them were higher during the whole clinical course in patients who died than in patients who were discharged. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, males with comorbidities presented a higher risk of being critically ill than males without comorbidities (OR = 3.824, 95% CI = 1.279-11.435). However, this association attenuated to null in female patients (OR = 2.992, 95% CI = 0.937-9.558). A similar sex-specific trend was observed in the relation between age and critically ill conditions. We highlighted sex-specific differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis. Male patients appeared to be more susceptible to age and comorbidities. Sex is an important biological variable that should be considered in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32506699, "title": "Incidence of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases treated with targeted immunosuppressive drugs: what can we learn from observational data?", "journal": "Arthritis Rheumatol", "authors": ["Favalli, Ennio Giulio", "Monti, Sara", "Ingegnoli, Francesca", "Balduzzi, Silvia", "Caporali, Roberto", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506699", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the incidence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in rheumatic patients treated with targeted synthetic or biological anti-rheumatic drugs (ts/bDMARDs) compared with the general population living in the same Italian region. Patients followed at two referral rheumatology centres in Lombardy from 25th February to 10th April 2020 were invited to participate in a survey to detect patients with confirmed COVID-19, close contacts with known COVID-19 cases, symptoms of infection, working, behavioural and disease management changes applied to prevent the contagion. The incidence of COVID-19 in the Lombardy population was obtained from the National Institute of Statistics. Confirmed COVID-19 was defined by nasopharyngeal swab. The survey was circulated amongst 955 patients (531 rheumatoid arthritis, 203 psoriatic arthritis, 181 spondyloarthritis, and 40 of connective tissue diseases/vasculitides/autoinflammatory diseases; mean age 53.7 years; female: 67.4%). The rate of responders was 98.05%. The incidence of confirmed COVID-19 is consistent with the general population (0.62% vs 0.66%; p=0.92). None of the patients had severe complications or required intensive care treatment, and all of them temporarily discontinued ongoing ts/bDMARDs therapy. Almost all patients adopted precautions to prevent the contagion (90.6%) and maintained the ongoing treatment with ts/bDMARDs (93.2%). The disease activity remained stable in 89.5% of patients. Our results highlight the attitude from rheumatic patients to prevent the contagion while maintaining their chronic treatments. The incidence and severity of COVID-19 in patients treated with ts/bDMARDs was not significantly different from that of the general population in the same region."}, {"pmid": 32346682, "pmcid": "PMC7118362", "title": "The New Challenge of Geriatrics: Saving Frail Older People from the SARS-COV-2 Pandemic Infection.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Landi, F", "Barillaro, C", "Bellieni, A", "Brandi, V", "Carfi, A", "D'Angelo, M", "Fusco, D", "Landi, G", "Lo Monaco, R", "Martone, A M", "Marzetti, E", "Pagano, F", "Pais, C", "Russo, A", "Salini, S", "Tosato, M", "Tummolo, A", "Benvenuto, F", "Bramato, G", "Catalano, L", "Ciciarello, F", "Martis, I", "Rocchi, S", "Rota, E", "Salerno, A", "Tritto, M", "Sgadari, A", "Zuccala, G", "Bernabei, R"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346682", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382737, "pmcid": "PMC7239108", "title": "A Peptide-based Magnetic Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassay for Serological Diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cai, Xue-Fei", "Chen, Juan", "Hu, Jie-Li", "Long, Quan-Xin", "Deng, Hai-Jun", "Fan, Kai", "Liao, Pu", "Liu, Bei-Zhong", "Wu, Gui-Cheng", "Chen, Yao-Kai", "Li, Zhi-Jie", "Wang, Kun", "Zhang, Xiao-Li", "Tian, Wen-Guang", "Xiang, Jiang-Lin", "Du, Hong-Xin", "Wang, Jing", "Hu, Yuan", "Tang, Ni", "Lin, Yong", "Ren, Ji-Hua", "Huang, Lu-Yi", "Wei, Jie", "Gan, Chun-Yang", "Chen, Yan-Meng", "Gao, Qing-Zhu", "Chen, A-Mei", "He, Chang-Long", "Wang, Dao-Xin", "Hu, Peng", "Zhou, Fa-Chun", "Huang, Ai-Long", "Liu, Ping", "Wang, De-Qiang"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382737", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, a novel \u00df-coronavirus, cause severe pneumonia and has spread throughout the globe rapidly. The disease associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection is named COVID-19. To date, real-time RT-PCR is the only test able to confirm this infection. However, the accuracy of RT-PCR depends on several factors; variations in these factors might significantly lower the sensitivity of detection. Here, we developed a peptide-based luminescent immunoassay that detected immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM. The assay cut-off value was determined by evaluating the sera from healthy and infected patients for pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2. To evaluate assay performance, we detected IgG and IgM in the sera from confirmed patients. The positive rate of IgG and IgM was 71.4% and 57.2%, respectively. Therefore, combining our immunoassay with real-time RT-PCR might enhance the diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32345619, "title": "Preliminary recommendations of the German Society of Rheumatology (DGRh eV) for the management of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases during the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Schulze-Koops, Hendrik", "Specker, Christof", "Iking-Konert, Christof", "Holle, Julia", "Moosig, Frank", "Krueger, Klaus"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427689, "title": "Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Illness.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["MacGregor, Robert M", "Antiel, Ryan M", "Najaf, Tasnim", "Said, Ahmed S", "Warner, Brad W", "Raval, Mehul V", "Shakhsheer, Baddr"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427689", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe current hospital guidelines and the opinions of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation leaders at U.S. children's hospitals concerning the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for coronavirus disease 2019-positive pediatric patients. Confidential, self-administered questionnaire. One hundred twenty-seven U.S. pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center program directors and coordinators. None. In March 2020, a survey was sent to 127 pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers asking them to report their current hospital extracorporeal membrane oxygenation guidelines for coronavirus disease 2019-positive patients. Respondents were also asked their opinion on three ethical dilemmas including: prioritization of children over adults for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use, institution of do-not-resuscitate orders, and the use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for coronavirus disease 2019-positive patients. Forty-seven extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers had enacted guidelines including 46 (100%) that offer venovenous-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and 42 (89%) that offer venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for coronavirus disease 2019-positive pediatric patients. Forty-four centers (94%) stated that the indications for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation candidacy in coronavirus disease 2019 disease were similar to those used in other viral illnesses, such as respiratory syncytial virus or influenza. Most program directors (98%) did not endorse that children hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 should be made do-not-resuscitate and had variable opinions on whether children should be given higher priority over adults when rationing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Over half of program directors (60%) did not support the use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for coronavirus disease 2019. The majority of pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers have proactively established guidelines for the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for coronavirus disease 2019-related illnesses. Further work is needed to help guide the fair allocation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation resources and to determine the appropriateness of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation."}, {"pmid": 32292113, "pmcid": "PMC7247051", "title": "Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Stem Cells Dev", "authors": ["Zhao, Robert Chunhua"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292113", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has grown to be a global public-health emergency since patients were first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of April 9, 2020, the novel coronavirus (named as SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses on February 11) has infected 83,251 and 1,484,811 patients in China and the world, respectively. However, we have neither confirmed effective antiviral medications nor vaccines available to deal with this emergency. In this commentary, we offer an alternative promising therapy for COVID-19, that is, mesenchymal stem cell transplantation."}, {"pmid": 32319438, "title": "[Facing Covid-19 in Italy: ethics, logistics, and therapeutics on the epidemic's front line].", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Rosenbaum, Lisa"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319438", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418233, "title": "Allergy and asthma in children and adolescents during the COVID outbreak: What we know and how we could prevent allergy and asthma flares.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Licari, Amelia", "Votto, Martina", "Brambilla, Ilaria", "Castagnoli, Riccardo", "Piccotti, Emanuela", "Olcese, Roberta", "Tosca, Maria Angela", "Ciprandi, Giorgio", "Marseglia, Gian Luigi"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418233", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463980, "title": "Thyroid FNA in the time of coronavirus: The interventional cytopathologist point of view.", "journal": "Cancer Cytopathol", "authors": ["Bellevicine, Claudio", "Vigliar, Elena", "Troncone, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463980", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245157, "pmcid": "PMC7151105", "title": "Effective Risk Communication for Public Health Emergency: Reflection on the COVID-19 (2019-nCoV) Outbreak in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Healthcare (Basel)", "authors": ["Zhang, Liwei", "Li, Huijie", "Chen, Kelin"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245157", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Risk communication is critical to emergency management. The objective of this paper is to illustrate the effective process and attention points of risk communication reflecting on the COVID-19 (2019-nCoV) outbreak in Wuhan, China. We provide the timeline of risk communication progress in Wuhan and use a message-centered approach to identify problems that it entailed. It was found that the delayed decision making of the local government officials and the limited information disclosure should be mainly responsible for the ineffective risk communication. The principles for effective risk communication concerning Wuhan's outbreak management were also discussed. The whole communication process is suggested to integrate the accessibility and openness of risk information, the timing and frequency of communication, and the strategies dealing with uncertainties. Based on these principles and lessons from Wuhan's case, this paper employed a simplified Government-Expert-Public risk communication model to illustrate a collaborative network for effective risk communication."}, {"pmid": 32415579, "pmcid": "PMC7225095", "title": "COVID-19 update: Covid-19-associated coagulopathy.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Becker, Richard C"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415579", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303838, "pmcid": "PMC7164332", "title": "Letter to the editor by Dobran Mauro, Paracino Riccardo, and Iacoangeli Maurizio regarding \"Neurosurgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: update from Lombardy, northern Italy.\" Zoia C, Bongetta D, Veiceschi P, Cenzato M, Di Meco F, Locatelli D, Boeris D, Fontanella MM. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020 Mar 28. doi: 10.1007/s00701-020-04305-w.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Dobran, Mauro", "Paracino, Riccardo", "Iacoangeli, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303838", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425314, "pmcid": "PMC7233249", "title": "Future for coronavirus disease 2019: India.", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Roy, Manas Pratim"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425314", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289004, "pmcid": "PMC7129553", "title": "A new pandemic out of China: the Wuhan 2019-nCoV coronavirus syndrome.", "journal": "Health Policy Technol", "authors": ["Singer, Donald R J"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289004", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285028, "pmcid": "PMC7138361", "title": "Lung Changes on Chest CT During 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur J Breast Health", "authors": ["Cinkooglu, Akin", "Bayraktaroglu, Selen", "Savas, Recep"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285028", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496236, "title": "Community preparedness for COVID-19 and frontline health workers in Chhattisgarh.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Prabir Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496236", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of April 2020, there had already been three million cases of COVID-19 in the world pandemic. Chhattisgarh might expect 90,000 diagnosed cases of COVID-19 in the end. The first step taken in March was to ensure a simple checklist of activities that needed to continue. Handbills were given with the basic information on the symptoms and what to do in the community. In urban areas, the lockdown affected the poorer section of the society, especially who are not having BPL card and no other means of availing necessary eatables. Issues that arose affecting regular activities such as tuberculosis and immunization. Residents of informal settlements are also vulnerable during any COVID-19 responses. Frontline workers such as Mitanins in the community are an important asset in the capacity building and preparedness strategies."}, {"pmid": 32031264, "pmcid": "PMC7167054", "title": "Evolving status of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection: Proposal of conventional serologic assays for disease diagnosis and infection monitoring.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Xiao, Shu-Yuan", "Wu, Yingjie", "Liu, Huan"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32031264", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287795, "pmcid": "PMC7130703", "title": "African nations step up efforts to prevent spread of coronavirus.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["MacKenzie, Debora"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287795", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409325, "title": "Covid-19: The support UK care homes need to survive.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Carter, Rachel"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409325", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527844, "title": "Neurovascular Complications in COVID-19 Infection: Case Series.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Franceschi, A M", "Arora, R", "Wilson, R", "Giliberto, L", "Libman, R B", "Castillo, M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527844", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a series of 10 hospitalized patients with confirmed coronavirus 2019 infections who developed severe neurovascular complications and discuss the possible reasons for these findings and their relationship to the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32403176, "pmcid": "PMC7272889", "title": "SWAB team instead of SWAT team - students as front-line force during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Klasen, Jennifer M", "Meienberg, Andrea", "Nickel, Christian", "Bingisser, Roland"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403176", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) team is trained to deal with troubling situations. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic confronted health care systems with different challenges. In Europe, the first COVID-19 patients presented in late February 2020. Our region was among the most severely affected in central Europe. Therefore, front-line operations, such as emergency departments (ED), were highly stressed by immediate demand for diagnostic swab-testing, and additional personnel were urgently needed within a short time. In the meantime, clinical activities of medical students (MS) were on hold, and teaching had to be restructured to online formats. However, we expected that MS would benefit tremendously from learning opportunities through active involvement in this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32384396, "title": "Hematuria Associated With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Child.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Almeida, Flavia Jacqueline", "Olmos, Rodrigo Diaz", "Oliveira, Danielle Bruna Leal", "Monteiro, Cairo Oliveira", "Thomazelli, Luciano Matsumiya", "Durigon, Edison Luiz", "Safadi, Marco Aurelio Palazzi"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384396", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31996342, "title": "Wuhan: Britons to be evacuated as scientists estimate 44 000 cases of 2019-nCOV in the city.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Parry, Jane"], "date": "2020-01-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31996342", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472459, "pmcid": "PMC7255973", "title": "Treatment algorithm for COVID-19: a multidisciplinary point of view.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Galluccio, Felice", "Ergonenc, Tolga", "Garcia Martos, Alvaro", "Allam, Abdallah El-Sayed", "Perez-Herrero, Maria", "Aguilar, Ricardo", "Emmi, Giacomo", "Spinicci, Michele", "Terrancle Juan, Ignacio", "Fajardo-Perez, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472459", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (Sars-CoV-2) pandemic has spread rapidly, from December to the end of March, to 185 countries, and there have been over 3,000,000 cases identified and over 200,000 deaths. For a proportion of hospitalized patients, death can occur within a few days, mainly for adult respiratory distress syndrome or multi-organ dysfunction syndrome. In these patients, clinical signs and symptoms, as well as laboratory abnormalities, suggest a cytokine storm syndrome in response to the viral infection. No current targeted treatment is yet available for COVID-19, an unknown disease up to 2\u00a0months ago, which challenges doctors and researchers to find new drugs or reallocate other treatments for these patients. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, a growing body of information on diagnostic and therapeutic strategies has emerged, mainly based on preliminary experience on retrospective studies or small case series. Antivirals, antimalarials, corticosteroids, biotechnological and small molecules, convalescent plasma and anticoagulants are among the drugs proposed for the treatment or in tested for COVID-19. Given the complexity of this new condition, a multidisciplinary management seems to be the best approach. Sharing and integrating knowledge between specialists, to evaluate the correct timing and setting of every treatment, could greatly benefit our patients. We reviewed the literature, combining it with our experiences and our specialist knowledge, to propose a management algorithm, correlating the clinical features with laboratory and imaging findings to establish the right timing for each treatment.Key Points\u2022 Critically ill COVID-19 patients show signs of cytokine storm syndrome.\u2022 No current targeted therapy is available, but a lot of drugs are in tested.\u2022 A multidisciplinary approach is crucial to manage COVID-19.\u2022 Choosing the correct timing of treatment is of pivotal importance to avoid the most severe complications."}, {"pmid": 32504736, "title": "Tumor biomarkers predict clinical outcome of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["He, Bangshun", "Zhong, Aifang", "Wu, Qiuyue", "Liu, Xiong", "Lin, Jie", "Chen, Chao", "He, Yiming", "Guo, Yanju", "Zhang, Man", "Zhu, Peiran", "Wu, Jian", "Wang, Changjun", "Wang, Shukui", "Xia, Xinyi"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504736", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443834, "title": "Specific EEG Encephalopathy Pattern in SARS-CoV-2 Patients.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Pastor, Jesus", "Vega-Zelaya, Lorena", "Martin Abad, Elena"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443834", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We used quantified electroencephalography (qEEG) to define the features of encephalopathy in patients released from the intensive care unit after severe illness from COVID-19. Artifact-free 120-300 s epoch lengths were visually identified and divided into 1 s windows with 10% overlap. Differential channels were grouped by frontal, parieto-occipital, and temporal lobes. For every channel and window, the power spectrum was calculated and used to compute the area for delta (0-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), alpha (8-13 Hz), and beta (13-30 Hz) bands. Furthermore, Shannon's spectral entropy (SSE) and synchronization by Pearson's correlation coefficient () were computed; cases of patients diagnosed with either infectious toxic encephalopathy (ENC) or post-cardiorespiratory arrest (CRA) encephalopathy were used for comparison. Visual inspection of EEGs of COVID patients showed a near-physiological pattern with scarce anomalies. The distribution of EEG bands was different for the three groups, with COVID midway between distributions of ENC and CRA; specifically, temporal lobes showed different distribution for EEG bands in COVID patients. Besides, SSE was higher and hemispheric connectivity lower for COVID. We objectively identified some numerical EEG features in severely ill COVID patients that can allow positive diagnosis of this encephalopathy."}, {"pmid": 32405075, "pmcid": "PMC7217770", "title": "Surgical perspectives and patways in an emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Alemanno, Giovanni", "Tomaiuolo, Matteo", "Peris, Adriano", "Batacchi, Stefano", "Nozzoli, Carlo", "Prosperi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399375, "pmcid": "PMC7212709", "title": "Closing the Gap in Global Neurosurgical Education via Online Conference: A Pre-Covid Survey.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Downes, Simon R", "Lykina, Tatiana"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399375", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction A reliable network for peer review and feedback can lead to an increase in knowledge and improving patient care. As opportunities to participate in online continuing medical education (CME) increase, there is a reduction in the worldwide knowledge gap often due to a lack of resources to attend conferences and advanced training in person. Methods A total of 64 participants completed a 10-item anonymous online questionnaire to assess how their knowledge and applied practical skills improved by participating in online conferences, and whether this education modality adequately addresses challenges for countries with limited access to conferences or training. Results While an overall positive response toward this mode of neurosurgical education was expected, interesting insights were gained from the short-answer section, demonstrating a direct influence on clinical practice through online conference participation. Conclusion While limited in size, the study results support the expectation of a positive attitude toward neurosurgical e-learning, which translates directly to improving patient care and lessening the worldwide gap in neurosurgical education."}, {"pmid": 32445204, "title": "Crisis Standard of Care: Management of Infantile Spasms during COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Neurol", "authors": ["Grinspan, Zachary M", "Mytinger, John R", "Baumer, Fiona M", "Ciliberto, Michael A", "Cohen, Bruce H", "Dlugos, Dennis J", "Harini, Chellamani", "Hussain, Shaun A", "Joshi, Sucheta M", "Keator, Cynthia G", "Knupp, Kelly G", "McGoldrick, Patricia E", "Nickels, Katherine C", "Park, Jun T", "Pasupuleti, Archana", "Patel, Anup D", "Pomeroy, Scott L", "Shahid, Asim M", "Shellhaas, Renee A", "Shrey, Daniel W", "Singh, Rani K", "Wolf, Steven M", "Yozawitz, Elissa G", "Yuskaitis, Christopher J", "Waugh, Jeff L", "Pearl, Phillip L"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338787, "pmcid": "PMC7267430", "title": "Coronavirus, Ageism, and Twitter: An Evaluation of Tweets about Older Adults and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Jimenez-Sotomayor, Maria Renee", "Gomez-Moreno, Carolina", "Soto-Perez-de-Celis, Enrique"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338787", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. High morbidity and mortality rates of COVID-19 have been observed among older adults and widely reported in both mainstream and social media. The objective of this study was to analyze tweets related to COVID-19 and older adults, and to identify ageist content. We obtained a representative sample of original tweets containing the keywords \"elderly,\" \"older,\" and/or \"boomer\" plus the hashtags \"#COVID19\" and/or \"#coronavirus.\" Tweets posted between March 12 and March 21, 2020. We identified the type of user and number of followers for each account. Tweets were classified by three raters as (1) informative, (2) personal accounts, (3) personal opinions, (4) advice seeking, (5) jokes, and (6) miscellaneous. Potentially offensive content, as well as that downplaying the severity of COVID-19 because it mostly affects older adults, was identified. A total of 18,128 tweets were obtained, of which a random sample of 351 was analyzed. Most accounts (91.7%) belonged to individuals. The most common types of tweets were personal opinions (31.9%), followed by informative tweets (29.6%), jokes/ridicule (14.3%), and personal accounts (13.4%). Overall, 72 tweets (21.9%) likely intended to ridicule or offend someone and 21.1% had content implying that the life of older adults was less valuable or downplayed the relevance of COVID-19. Most tweets related to COVID-19 and older adults contained personal opinions, personal accounts, and jokes. Almost one-quarter of analyzed tweets had ageist or potentially offensive content toward older adults."}, {"pmid": 32373996, "title": "The correlation between the spread of COVID-19 infections and weather variables in 30 Chinese provinces and the impact of Chinese government mitigation plans.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Al-Rousan, N", "Al-Najjar, H"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373996", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On February 1, 2020, China announced a novel coronavirus CoVID-19 outbreak to the public. CoVID-19 was classified as an epidemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although the disease was discovered and concentrated in Hubei Province, China, it was exported to all of the other Chinese provinces and spread globally. As of this writing, all plans have failed to contain the novel coronavirus disease, and it has continued to spread to the rest of the world. This study aimed to explore and interpret the effect of environmental and metrological variables on the spread of coronavirus disease in 30 provinces in China, as well as to investigate the impact of new China regulations and plans to mitigate further spread of infections. This article forecasts the size of the disease spreading based on time series forecasting. The growing size of CoVID-19 in China for the next 210 days is estimated by predicting the expected confirmed and recovered cases. The results revealed that weather conditions largely influence the spread of coronavirus in most of the Chinese provinces. This study has determined that increasing temperature and short-wave radiation would positively increase the number of confirmed cases, mortality rate, and recovered cases. The findings of this study agree with the results of our previous study."}, {"pmid": 32292226, "pmcid": "PMC7129713", "title": "[Coronavirus: the geriatric emergency of 2020. Joint document of the Geriatric Cardiology Section of the Spanish Society of Cardiology and the Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Bonanad, Clara", "Garcia-Blas, Sergio", "Tarazona-Santabalbina, Francisco Jose", "Diez-Villanueva, Pablo", "Ayesta, Ana", "Fores, Juan Sanchis", "Vidan-Austiz, Maite", "Formiga, Francesc", "Ariza-Sole, Albert", "Martinez-Selles, Manuel"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292226", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV2 infection, also known as COVID-19 (coronavirus infectious disease-19), was first identified in December 2019. In Spain, the first case of this infection was diagnosed on 31 January, 2020 and, by 30 March 2020, has caused 7340 deaths, especially in the elderly. Due to the rapidly evolving situation regarding this disease, the data reported in this article may be subject to modifications. The older population are particularly susceptible to COVID-19 infection and to developing severe disease. The higher morbidity and mortality rates in older people have been associated with comorbidity, especially cardiovascular disease, and frailty, which weakens the immune response. Due to both the number of affected countries and the number of cases, the current situation constitutes an ongoing pandemic and a major health emergency. Because Spain has one of the largest older populations in the world, COVID-19 has emerged as a geriatric emergency. This document has been prepared jointly between the Geriatric Cardiology Section of the Spanish Society of Cardiology and the Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology."}, {"pmid": 32479748, "pmcid": "PMC7256538", "title": "Analysis of clinical and demographic heterogeneity of patients dying from COVID-19 in Brazil versus China and Italy.", "journal": "Braz J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Oliveira, Maria Helena Santos de", "Wong, Johnny", "Lippi, Giuseppe", "Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479748", "countries": ["China", "Brazil", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229647, "title": "COVID-19: An Unintended Force for Medical Revolution?", "journal": "J Invasive Cardiol", "authors": ["Wang, Xiaowen", "Bhatt, Deepak L"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229647", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417018, "pmcid": "PMC7200375", "title": "A perspective from a NYC chief oral and maxillofacial surgery resident during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Saggese, N P", "Cardo, V A"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417018", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517972, "title": "Using the Electronic Health Record to Conduct Adolescent Telehealth Visits in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Carlson, Jennifer L", "Goldstein, Rachel"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517972", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438793, "title": "\"Run distancing\" in the era of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Sports Med Phys Fitness", "authors": ["Vasiliadis, Angelo V", "Boka, Vasiliki"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438793", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489509, "pmcid": "PMC7239579", "title": "Neonatologists' Challenges During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Med Res", "authors": ["Al-Lawama, Manar"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489509", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32121543, "pmcid": "PMC7143230", "title": "Eco-Virological Preliminary Study of Potentially Emerging Pathogens in Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) Recovered at a Wildlife Treatment and Rehabilitation Center in Northern Italy.", "journal": "Animals (Basel)", "authors": ["Delogu, Mauro", "Cotti, Claudia", "Lelli, Davide", "Sozzi, Enrica", "Trogu, Tiziana", "Lavazza, Antonio", "Garuti, Giacomo", "Castrucci, Maria Rita", "Vaccari, Gabriele", "De Marco, Maria Alessandra", "Moreno, Ana"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32121543", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Western European Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) is one of the four hedgehog species belonging to the genus Erinaceus. Among them, E. amurensis is extant in East Asia's areas only, whereas E. europaeus, E. roumanicus and E. concolor are mainly found in Europe. E. europaeus is endemically distributed from western to central and southern Europe, including Italy. Western European hedgehogs' ecological and feeding habits, along with their high population densities, notable synanthropic attitudes, frequent contacts with sympatric wild and domestic species, including humans, implicate the possible involvement of E. europaeus in the ecology of potentially emerging viruses, such as coronaviruses, influenza A and influenza D viruses, canine distemper virus, pestiviruses and Aujeszky's disease virus. We examined 24 E. europaeus individuals found injured in urban and rural areas of Northern Italy. Of the 24 fecal samples collected and tested for the above-mentioned pathogens by both PCR-based and virus isolation methods, 14 were found PCR-positive for betacoronaviruses belonging to lineage C and related to the known Erinaceus coronaviruses (EriCoVs), as determined by partial sequencing of the virus genome. Our findings suggest that hedgehogs could be considered natural reservoirs of CoVs, and also act as chronic shedding carriers of these potentially emerging RNA viruses."}, {"pmid": 32174095, "title": "[Advances in the research of mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis induced by Corona Virus Disease 2019 and the corresponding therapeutic measures].", "journal": "Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, J", "Wang, B J", "Yang, J C", "Wang, M Y", "Chen, C", "Luo, G X", "He, W F"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174095", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbroke in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbroke in Guangzhou, China in 2003 were caused by highly pathogenic coronaviruses with high homology. Since the 2019 novel coronavirus has strong transmissibility and progress rapidly. It has caused negative social effects and massive economic damage on a global scale. While there is currently no vaccine or effective drugs. Pulmonary fibrosis is a pulmonary disease with progressive fibrosis, which is the main factor leading to pulmonary dysfunction and quality of life decline in SARS survivors after recovery. Extensive epidemiological, viral immunological, and current clinical evidences support the possibility that pulmonary fibrosis may be one of the major complications in COVID-19 patients. Although there are no reports on the mechanism of COVID-19 inducing pulmonary fibrosis, based on the existing theoretical basis, we focus on the possible mechanism of COVID-19 sustained lung damaging, the key role of abnormal immune mechanism in the initiation and promotion of pulmonary fibrosis, and the corresponding therapeutic measures."}, {"pmid": 32119961, "pmcid": "PMC7089605", "title": "Anti-HCV, nucleotide inhibitors, repurposing against COVID-19.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Elfiky, Abdo A"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32119961", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A newly emerged Human Coronavirus (HCoV) is reported two months ago in Wuhan, China (COVID-19). Until today >2700 deaths from the 80,000 confirmed cases reported mainly in China and 40 other countries. Human to human transmission is confirmed for COVID-19 by China a month ago. Based on the World Health Organization (WHO) reports, SARS HCoV is responsible for >8000 cases with confirmed 774 deaths. Additionally, MERS HCoV is responsible for 858 deaths out of about 2500 reported cases. The current study aims to test anti-HCV drugs against COVID-19 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). In this study, sequence analysis, modeling, and docking are used to build a model for Wuhan COVID-19 RdRp. Additionally, the newly emerged Wuhan HCoV RdRp model is targeted by anti-polymerase drugs, including the approved drugs Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin. The results suggest the effectiveness of Sofosbuvir, IDX-184, Ribavirin, and Remidisvir as potent drugs against the newly emerged HCoV disease. The present study presents a perfect model for COVID-19 RdRp enabling its testing in silico against anti-polymerase drugs. Besides, the study presents some drugs that previously proved its efficiency against the newly emerged viral infection."}, {"pmid": 32415272, "pmcid": "PMC7225634", "title": "Connecting data, tools and people across Europe: ELIXIR's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Hum Genet", "authors": ["Blomberg, Niklas", "Lauer, Katharina B"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415272", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "ELIXIR, the European research infrastructure for life science data, provides open access to data, tools and workflows in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. ELIXIR's 23 nodes have reacted swiftly to support researchers in their combined efforts against the pandemic setting out three joint priorities: 1. Connecting national COVID-19 data platforms to create federated European COVID-19 Data Spaces; 2. Fostering good data management to make COVID-19 data open, FAIR and reusable over the long term; 3. Providing open tools, workflows and computational resources to drive reproducible and collaborative science. ELIXIR's strategy is based on the support given by our national nodes - collectively spanning over 200 institutes - to research projects and on partnering with community initiatives to drive development and adoption of good data practice and community driven standards. ELIXIR Nodes provide support activities locally and internationally, from provisioning compute capabilities to helping collect viral sequence data from hospitals. Some Nodes have prioritised access to their national cloud and compute facilities for all COVID-19 research projects, while others have developed tools to search, access and share all data related to the pandemic in a national healthcare setting."}, {"pmid": 32390692, "pmcid": "PMC7205740", "title": "On a Comprehensive Model of the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Under Mittag-Leffler Derivative.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Abdo, Mohammed S", "Shah, Kamal", "Wahash, Hanan A", "Panchal, Satish K"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390692", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The major purpose of the presented study is to analyze and find the solution for the model of nonlinear fractional differential equations (FDEs) describing the deadly and most parlous virus so-called coronavirus (COVID-19). The mathematical model depending of fourteen nonlinear FDEs is presented and the corresponding numerical results are studied by applying the fractional Adams Bashforth (AB) method. Moreover, a recently introduced fractional nonlocal operator known as Atangana-Baleanu (AB) is applied in order to realize more effectively. For the current results, the fixed point theorems of Krasnoselskii and Banach are hired to present the existence, uniqueness as well as stability of the model. For numerical simulations, the behavior of the approximate solution is presented in terms of graphs through various fractional orders. Finally, a brief discussion on conclusion about the simulation is given to describe how the transmission dynamics of infection take place in society."}, {"pmid": 32461066, "pmcid": "PMC7246016", "title": "The effect of state-level stay-at-home orders on COVID-19 infection rates.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Castillo, Renan C", "Staguhn, Elena D", "Weston-Farber, Elias"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461066", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "State-level stay-at-home orders were monitored to determine their effect on the rate of confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses. Confirmed cases were tracked before and after state-level stay-at-home orders were put in place. Linear regression techniques were used to determine slopes for log case count data, and meta analyses were conducted to combine data across states. The results were remarkably consistent across states and support the usefulness of stay-at-home orders in reducing COVID-19 infection rates."}, {"pmid": 32491107, "pmcid": "PMC7269528", "title": "Individuals with covert severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection: Are they a critical booby-trap?", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Amer, Fatma Abdelaziz"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491107", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506512, "title": "Redundancy and methodological issues in articles on COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Papes, Dino", "Jeroncic, Ana", "Ozimec, Elizabeta"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506512", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the seriousness of the current pandemic, logical and critical thinking, common sense and method remain the mainstay of biomedicine. Unfortunately, the panic caused by the disease has led many to abandon those principles. Some scientists have used the situation to publish substandard articles that would never get published in normal times as journals publish quickly (and gain citations), without proper review and level of criticism. This situation has been used by medical equipment manufacturers and pharmaceutical industry as well, to promote publication of biased sponsored articles."}, {"pmid": 32096564, "pmcid": "PMC7233289", "title": "Combination of RT-qPCR testing and clinical features for diagnosis of COVID-19 facilitates management of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Yishan", "Kang, Hanyujie", "Liu, Xuefeng", "Tong, Zhaohui"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32096564", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393504, "title": "Covid-19: Known risk factors fail to explain the increased risk of death among people from ethnic minorities.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393504", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334276, "pmcid": "PMC7151248", "title": "The other side of COVID-19: Impact on obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and hoarding.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Banerjee, Dr Debanjan"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334276", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426575, "pmcid": "PMC7229961", "title": "Clot in Transit on Transesophageal Echocardiography in a Prone Patient with COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.", "journal": "CASE (Phila)", "authors": ["Horowitz, James M", "Yuriditsky, Eugene", "Henderson, Ian J", "Stachel, Maxine Wallis", "Kwok, Benjamin", "Saric, Muhamed"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426575", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022The risk of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 is substantial\u2022Pulmonary embolism should be considered in cases of clinical deterioration\u2022Management of clot in transit is controversial."}, {"pmid": 32360326, "title": "Prevalence and fatality rates of COVID-19: What are the reasons for the wide variations worldwide?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A", "Leonardi, Roberto", "Fasoli, Gino", "Rigamonti, Daniele"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360326", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387510, "pmcid": "PMC7201232", "title": "Letter to the Editor \"A longitudinal study on the mental health of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China\".", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Ren, Yali", "Zhou, Yongjie", "Qian, Wei", "Li, Zezhi", "Liu, Zhengkui", "Wang, Ruoxi", "Qi, Ling", "Yang, Jiezhi", "Song, Xiuli", "Zeng, Lingyun", "Zhang, Xiangyang"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387510", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362338, "pmcid": "PMC7174186", "title": "Anaesthetic management of patients with COVID-19: infection prevention and control measures in the operating theatre.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Wong, Wan-Yi", "Kong, Yu-Chin", "See, Jee-Jian", "Kan, Roy K C", "Lim, Mandy P P", "Chen, Qingyan", "Lim, Beatrice", "Ong, Shimin"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362338", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332087, "title": "COVID-19 Hits Cancer Research Funding.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332087", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic stretches on, investigators are becoming increasingly concerned about longer-term effects on grants and funding for cancer research. Institutions and philanthropic organizations are especially likely to be hit hard by the economic crisis, with effects that will be particularly acute for early-career investigators."}, {"pmid": 32199142, "pmcid": "PMC7118594", "title": "Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with persistent negative CT findings.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Ling, Zhoukun", "Xu, Xi", "Gan, Qingxin", "Zhang, Lieguang", "Luo, Liangping", "Tang, Xiaoping", "Liu, Jinxin"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199142", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220710, "pmcid": "PMC7118521", "title": "Renin-angiotensin system: The unexpected flaw inside the human immune system revealed by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Roncati, Luca", "Gallo, Graziana", "Manenti, Antonio", "Palmieri, Beniamino"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220710", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226284, "pmcid": "PMC7098033", "title": "The global battle against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Deng, Chu-Xia"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226284", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467020, "pmcid": "PMC7239000", "title": "Acute inflammation and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Cannabidiol as a potential anti-inflammatory treatment?", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Costiniuk, Cecilia T", "Jenabian, Mohammad-Ali"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467020", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370466, "title": "[Characteristics of peripheral blood leukocyte differential counts in patients with COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Y X", "Wu, W", "Yang, T", "Zhou, W", "Fu, Y M", "Feng, Q M", "Ye, J M"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370466", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the early changes of peripheral blood leukocyte differential counts in patients with COVID-19. Ten patients with COVID-19 and 30 patients with other viral pneumonia (non-COVID-19) admitted to The Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai and Jinshan Branch Hospital from January 22 to February 17, 2020 were enrolled in this study. The differential counts of white blood cells (WBC) were analyzed. Patients in COVID-19 group showed relatively lower absolute WBC count 4.95(3.90,6.03)\u00d710(9)/L, lymphocyte absolute count 1.20(0.98,1.50)\u00d710(9)/L and eosinophil absolute count 0.01(0.01,0.01)\u00d710(9)/L. Leukopenia developed in two patients(2/10), lymphocytopenia also in two patients(2/10). Seven over ten patients presented with eosinophil cytopenia. In non-COVID-19 group, absolute WBC count was 8.20(6.78,9.03)\u00d710(9)/L (P<0.001), lymphocyte absolute count 1.75(1.20,2.53)\u00d710(9)/L(P=0.036), eosinophil absolute count 0.02(0.01,0.03)\u00d710(9)/L(P=0.005). Lymphocytopenia occurred in 16.7% patients, eosinophil cytopenia in 16.7% patients too. In conclusion, leukopenia, lymphocytopenia and eosinophil cytopenia are more common in COVID-19 patients than those in non-COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32410896, "pmcid": "PMC7219724", "title": "Public Health Aspects of COVID-19 Infection with Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases.", "journal": "Mater Sociomed", "authors": ["Masic, Izet", "Naser, Nabil", "Zildzic, Muharem"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410896", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is the disease caused by an infection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, first identified in the city of Wuhan, in China's Hubei province in December 2019. COVID-19 was previously known as 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) respiratory disease before the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the official name as COVID-19 in February 2020. The aim of this study is to search scientific literature in the biomedicine and analyzed current results of investigations regarding morbidity and mortality rates as consequences of COVID-19 infection of Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and other most common chronic diseases which are on the top mortality and morbidity rates in almost all countries in the world. Also, to propose most useful measures how to prevent patients to keep themselves against COVID-19 infection. We used method of descriptive analysis of the published papers with described studies about Corona virus connected with CVD, and, also, Guidelines proposed by World Health Organization (WHO) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and some other international associations which are included in global fighting against COVID-19 infection. After searching current scientific literature we have acknowledged that not any Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) study in the world during last 5 months from the time when first cases of COVID-10 infection was detected. Also, there is no unique proposed ways of treatments and drugs to protect patients, especially people over 65 years old, who are very risk group to be affected with COVID-19. Expectations that vaccine against COVID-19 will be produced optimal during at least 10 months to 2 years, and in all current Guidelines most important proposed preventive measures are the same like which one described in Strategic documents of WHO, in statements of Declaration of Primary Health Care in Alma Ata in 1978. WHO proposed preventive measures can be helpful to everybody. Physicians who work at every level of Health Care Systems, but especially at primary health care level, must follow those recommendations and teach their patients about it. But, the fact is that current focus of COVID-19 epidemic has targeted on protection of physical health of population in global, however, the influence on mental health which will be one of the important consequences of COVID-19 pandemic in the future, and which could be declared as \u00abPost-coronavirus Stress Syndrome\" (PCSS) could be bigger challenge for Global Public Health."}, {"pmid": 32520108, "title": "Evolution of indicators and service capacity at the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic in Northeast Brazil, 2020.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Marinelli, Natalia Pereira", "Albuquerque, Layana Pacheco de Araujo", "Sousa, Isaura Danielli Borges de", "Batista, Francisca Miriane de Araujo", "Mascarenhas, Marcio Denis Medeiros", "Rodrigues, Malvina Thais Pacheco"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520108", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "to describe the evolution of indicators and capacity for health care in the initial phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Northeast region of Brazil. this was a descriptive study based on COVID-19 case epidemiological bulletins released by the Ministry of Health up until April 1st, 2020. The incidence rate, lethality and number of cumulative daily cases were calculated. 1,005 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were identified, most of them in Cear\u00e1 and Bahia states. The incidence rate was 1.8/100,000 inhabitants and lethality was 2.7%. Cear\u00e1 was the state with the highest number of cases, with 29.6 new cases per day on average. Average intensive care bed availability in the Northeast region (1.04/10,000 inhab.) was below the national average (2.8/10,000 inhab.). the indicators suggest that COVID-19 impact is heterogeneous and signal the challenges for health systems in the Northeast Region."}, {"pmid": 32387792, "pmcid": "PMC7191293", "title": "Psychological crisis intervention response to the COVID 19 pandemic: A Tunisian centralised Protocol.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Zgueb, Yosra", "Bourgou, Soumaya", "Neffeti, Aida", "Amamou, Badii", "Masmoudi, Jawaher", "Chebbi, Henda", "Somrani, Naoufel", "Bouasker, Anissa"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387792", "countries": ["Tunisia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In order to manage the urgent psychological need for support in response to the anticipated reaction of the population to the COVID-19 pandemic, we developed a new psychological crisis intervention model by implementing a centralised psychological support system for all of Tunisia. We set up a helpline which is accessible throughout the country, including those without access to Internet. This model integrates medical students, child and adolescent psychiatrists, psychiatrists, psychologists and social services to provide psychological intervention to the general population and medical staff. It will make a sound basis for developing a more effective psychological crisis intervention response system."}, {"pmid": 32356164, "pmcid": "PMC7192058", "title": "Re-purposing a face tent as a disposable aerosol evacuation system to reduce contamination in COVID-19 patients: a simulated demonstration.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Tsui, Ban C H"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356164", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379935, "pmcid": "PMC7267361", "title": "Response to \"Lupus anticoagulant is frequent in patients with Covid-19\".", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Tang, Ning"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379935", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the letter from Dr. In\u00e8s Harzallah, et al. Antiphospholipid antibody assays including lupus anticoagulant (LAC), anticardiolipin and anti-\u03b22-glycoprotein I have also been performed in dozens of our patients, however, very few of them got positive results, we don't think that antiphospholipid antibody exists universally in COVID-19 patients. In addition, two of the three reported cases with antiphospholipid antibodies mentioned in the letter [1] also seem to meet the International Society on Haemostasis and Thrombosis (ISTH) criteria of disseminated intravascular coagulation [2], the causality between antiphospholipid antibodies and thrombosis in these cases is still uncertain."}, {"pmid": 32305321, "pmcid": "PMC7159865", "title": "Corrigendum to \"World Health Organization declares Global Emergency: A review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)\" [Int. J. Surg. 76 (2020) 71-76].", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Sohrabi, Catrin", "Alsafi, Zaid", "O'Neill, Niamh", "Khan, Mehdi", "Kerwan, Ahmed", "Al-Jabir, Ahmed", "Iosifidis, Christos", "Agha, Riaz"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305321", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516797, "title": "Clinical benefit of remdesivir in rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Williamson, Brandi N", "Feldmann, Friederike", "Schwarz, Benjamin", "Meade-White, Kimberly", "Porter, Danielle P", "Schulz, Jonathan", "van Doremalen, Neeltje", "Leighton, Ian", "Yinda, Claude Kwe", "Perez-Perez, Lizzette", "Okumura, Atsushi", "Lovaglio, Jamie", "Hanley, Patrick W", "Saturday, Greg", "Bosio, Catharine M", "Anzick, Sarah", "Barbian, Kent", "Cihlar, Tomas", "Martens, Craig", "Scott, Dana P", "Munster, Vincent J", "de Wit, Emmie"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516797", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective therapeutics to treat COVID-19 are urgently needed. While many investigational, approved, and repurposed drugs have been suggested, preclinical data from animal models can guide the search for effective treatments by ruling out treatments without in vivo efficacy. Remdesivir (GS-5734) is a nucleotide analog prodrug with broad antiviral activity1,2, that is currently investigated in COVID-19 clinical trials and recently received Emergency Use Authorization from the US Food and Drug Administration3,4. In animal models, remdesivir treatment was effective against MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV infection.2,5,6 In vitro, remdesivir inhibited replication of SARS-CoV-2.7,8 Here, we investigated the efficacy of remdesivir treatment in a rhesus macaque model of SARS-CoV-2 infection9. In contrast to vehicle-treated animals, animals treated with remdesivir did not show signs of respiratory disease and had reduced pulmonary infiltrates on radiographs and reduced virus titers in bronchoalveolar lavages 12hrs after the first treatment administration. Virus shedding from the upper respiratory tract was not reduced by remdesivir treatment. At necropsy, lung viral loads of remdesivir-treated animals were lower and there was a reduction in damage to the lungs. Thus, therapeutic remdesivir treatment initiated early during infection had a clinical benefit in SARS-CoV-2-infected rhesus macaques. Although the rhesus macaque model does not represent the severe disease observed in a proportion of COVID-19 patients, our data support early remdesivir treatment initiation in COVID-19 patients to prevent progression to pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32304512, "pmcid": "PMC7188024", "title": "Obstetricians on the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Front Lines and the Confusing World of Personal Protective Equipment.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Jamieson, Denise J", "Steinberg, James P", "Martinello, Richard A", "Perl, Trish M", "Rasmussen, Sonja A"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304512", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As health care systems struggle to maintain adequate supplies of personal protective equipment, there is confusion and anxiety among obstetricians and others about how to best protect themselves, their coworkers, and their patients. Although use of personal protective equipment is a critical strategy to protect health care personnel from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), other strategies also need to be implemented on labor and delivery units to reduce the risk of health care-associated transmission, including screening of all pregnant women who present for care (case identification), placing a mask on and rapidly isolating ill pregnant women, and minimizing the number of personnel who enter the room of an ill patient (physical distancing). Although the mechanism of transmission of COVID-19 is not known with certainty, current evidence suggests that COVID-19 is transmitted primarily through respiratory droplets. Therefore, strict adherence to hand hygiene and consistent use of recommended personal protective equipment are cornerstones for reducing transmission. In addition, it is critical that health care professionals receive training on and practice correct donning (putting on) and doffing (removing) of personal protective equipment and avoid touching their faces as well as their facial protection to minimize self-contamination."}, {"pmid": 32248145, "pmcid": "PMC7159057", "title": "Urban Intelligence for Pandemic Response: Viewpoint.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Lai, Yuan", "Yeung, Wesley", "Celi, Leo Anthony"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248145", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous epidemic management research proves the importance of city-level information, but also highlights limited expertise in urban data applications during a pandemic outbreak. In this paper, we provide an overview of city-level information, in combination with analytical and operational capacity, that define urban intelligence for supporting response to disease outbreaks. We present five components (movement, facilities, people, information, and engagement) that have been previously investigated but remain siloed to successfully orchestrate an integrated pandemic response. Reflecting on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak that was first identified in Wuhan, China, we discuss the opportunities, technical challenges, and foreseeable controversies for deploying urban intelligence during a pandemic. Finally, we emphasize the urgency of building urban intelligence through cross-disciplinary research and collaborative practice on a global scale."}, {"pmid": 32415334, "pmcid": "PMC7228864", "title": "Recurrence of COVID-19 after recovery: a case report from Italy.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Loconsole, Daniela", "Passerini, Francesca", "Palmieri, Vincenzo Ostilio", "Centrone, Francesca", "Sallustio, Anna", "Pugliese, Stefania", "Grimaldi, Lucia Donatella", "Portincasa, Piero", "Chironna, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415334", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418852, "pmcid": "PMC7214284", "title": "The liver injury and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with Coronavirus Disease 19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Wang, Haizhou", "Qiu, Peishan", "Liu, Jing", "Wang, Fan", "Zhao, Qiu"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418852", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, and rapidly spread throughout China. Our study aimed to evaluate the association of liver injury and gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) with the progression of COVID-19. A comprehensive search was performed on the PubMed to identify eligible studies that summarized the liver injury and GIS in COVID-19. A total of 21 studies with 3024 patients were included. Up to 53% patients had liver dysfunctions and the degree of liver damage was associated the severity of the disease. The prevalence of diarrhoea, nausea/vomiting or abdominal pain in patients with COVID-19 were 9.1%, 5.2% and 3.5%, respectively. No significant was found in the prevalence of diarrhoea (OR, 1.24; 95%CI, 0.90 to 1.72; I2=0%, P=0.19) and nausea/vomiting (OR, 1.24; 95%CI, 0.57 to 2.69; I2=61%, P=0.58) between severe and non-severe patients. In addition, diarrhoea (OR, 1.22; 95%CI, 0.50 to 2.98; I2=0%, P=0.66) and nausea/vomiting (OR, 1.09; 95%CI, 0.46 to 2.62; I2=0%, P=0.84) were not associated with the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. The incidences of GIS in patients with COVID-19 is relatively low and are not associated with the COVID-19 progression. Gastroenterologists should pay more attention to the liver injury induced by SARS-CoV-2 during the course of infection."}, {"pmid": 32410751, "pmcid": "PMC7221228", "title": "A Lesson Learned from the Outbreak of COVID-19 in Korea.", "journal": "Indian J Microbiol", "authors": ["Ha, Kyoo-Man"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410751", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the fact that making all efforts to deal with COVID-19 outbreak, Korea is in urgent need of moving away from a divided community approach and adopting a total community approach. Further, the nation needs to fully establish and activate the national emergency operation framework."}, {"pmid": 32478289, "pmcid": "PMC7251277", "title": "The origin of SARS-CoV-2 in Istanbul: Sequencing findings from the epicenter of the pandemic in Turkey.", "journal": "North Clin Istanb", "authors": ["Karacan, Ilker", "Akgun, Tugba Kizilboga", "Agaoglu, N Bugra", "Irvem, Arzu", "Alkurt, Gizem", "Yildiz, Jale", "Kose, Betsi", "Ozel, A Serra", "Altunal, L Nilsun", "Can, Nisan Denizce", "Demirkol, Yasemin Kendir", "Aydin, Mehtap", "Dogan, Ozlem Akgun", "Doganay, Levent", "Doganay, Gizem Dinler"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478289", "countries": ["China", "Turkey"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Turkey is one of the latest countries that COVID-19 disease was reported, with the first case on March 11, 2020, and since then, Istanbul became the epicenter of the pandemic in Turkey. Here, we reveal sequences of the virus isolated from three different patients with various clinical presentations. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens of the patients were tested positive for the COVID-19 by qRT-PCR. Viral RNA extraction was performed from the same swab samples. Amplicon based libraries were prepared and sequenced using the Illumina NextSeq platform. Raw sequencing data were processed for variant calling and generating near-complete genome sequences. All three genomes were evaluated and compared with other worldwide isolates. The patients showed various clinics (an asymptomatic patient, patient with mild disease, and with severe pulmonary infiltration). Amplicon-based next-generation sequencing approach successfully applied to generate near-complete genomes with an average depth of 2.616. All three viral genomes carried the D614G variant (G clade according to GISAID classification) with implications for the origin of a spread first through China to Europe then to Istanbul. Here, we report the viral genomes circulating in Istanbul for the first time. Further sequencing of the virus isolates may enable us to understand variations in disease presentation and association with viral factors if there is any. In addition, the sequencing of more viral genomes will delineate the spread of disease and will guide and ease the necessary measures taken to stem the spread of the novel coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32396983, "pmcid": "PMC7272983", "title": "Clinical Judgment Is Paramount When Performing Cognitive Screening during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Phillips, Natalie A", "Andrew, Melissa", "Chertkow, Howard", "Pichora-Fuller, Margaret Kathleen", "Rockwood, Kenneth", "Wittich, Walter"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396983", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503933, "title": "Reimagining healthcare after covid-19: a new normal for medicine.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Lakhani, Mayur", "Lakhani, Sonam", "Lakhani, Priyanka"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503933", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305937, "title": "Review of Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Imaging Data Acquisition, Segmentation and Diagnosis for COVID-19.", "journal": "IEEE Rev Biomed Eng", "authors": ["Shi, Feng", "Wang, Jun", "Shi, Jun", "Wu, Ziyan", "Wang, Qian", "Tang, Zhenyu", "He, Kelei", "Shi, Yinghuan", "Shen, Dinggang"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305937", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading all over the world. Medical imaging such as X-ray and computed tomography (CT) plays an essential role in the global fight against COVID-19, whereas the recently emerging artificial intelligence (AI) technologies further strengthen the power of the imaging tools and help medical specialists. We hereby review the rapid responses in the community of medical imaging (empowered by AI) toward COVID-19. For example, AI-empowered image acquisition can significantly help automate the scanning procedure and also reshape the workflow with minimal contact to patients, providing the best protection to the imaging technicians. Also, AI can improve work efficiency by accurate delineation of infections in X-ray and CT images, facilitating subsequent quantification. Moreover, the computer-aided platforms help radiologists make clinical decisions, i.e., for disease diagnosis, tracking, and prognosis. In this review paper, we thus cover the entire pipeline of medical imaging and analysis techniques involved with COVID-19, including image acquisition, segmentation, diagnosis, and follow-up. We particularly focus on the integration of AI with X-ray and CT, both of which are widely used in the frontline hospitals, in order to depict the latest progress of medical imaging and radiology fighting against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32455089, "pmcid": "PMC7243063", "title": "A Review of Neurological Complications of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Sheraton, Mack", "Deo, Neha", "Kashyap, Rahul", "Surani, Salim"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455089", "countries": ["China", "France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2, a novel virus has shown an association with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. Initial retrospective studies emerging from China and France, as well as case reports from different parts of the world revealed a spectrum of neurological symptoms ranging from a simple headache to more serious encephalitis and\u00a0dysexecutive syndromes. Authors have tried to explain this neurotropism of the virus by comparing invasion mechanisms with prior epidemic coronavirus\u00a0like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).\u00a0Concrete evidence on those viruses has been limited. This review attempts to discuss various pathophysiological mechanisms as it relates to neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2. We will also discuss the\u00a0neurological manifestations seen in various retrospective studies, systemic reviews, and case reports."}, {"pmid": 32456663, "pmcid": "PMC7250283", "title": "Prone positioning combined with high-flow nasal or conventional oxygen therapy in severe Covid-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Despres, Cyrielle", "Brunin, Yannick", "Berthier, Francis", "Pili-Floury, Sebastien", "Besch, Guillaume"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456663", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490524, "title": "COVID-19 versus the 1918 influenza pandemic: different virus, different age mortality patterns.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Shanks, G Dennis"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490524", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433778, "title": "Protective role of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Thibaud, Santiago", "Tremblay, Douglas", "Bhalla, Sheena", "Zimmerman, Brittney", "Sigel, Keith", "Gabrilove, Janice"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433778", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32173287, "pmcid": "PMC7128649", "title": "Potential inhibitors against 2019-nCoV coronavirus M protease from clinically approved medicines.", "journal": "J Genet Genomics", "authors": ["Liu, Xin", "Wang, Xiu-Jie"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173287", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407836, "pmcid": "PMC7212968", "title": "Longitudinal hematologic and immunologic variations associated with the progression of COVID-19 patients in China.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Chen, Ruchong", "Sang, Ling", "Jiang, Mei", "Yang, Zhaowei", "Jia, Nan", "Fu, Wanyi", "Xie, Jiaxing", "Guan, Weijie", "Liang, Wenhua", "Ni, Zhengyi", "Hu, Yu", "Liu, Lei", "Shan, Hong", "Lei, Chunliang", "Peng, Yixiang", "Wei, Li", "Liu, Yong", "Hu, Yahua", "Peng, Peng", "Wang, Jianming", "Liu, Jiyang", "Chen, Zhong", "Li, Gang", "Zheng, Zhijian", "Qiu, Shaoqin", "Luo, Jie", "Ye, Changjiang", "Zhu, Shaoyong", "Zheng, Jinping", "Zhang, Nuofu", "Li, Yimin", "He, Jianxing", "Li, Jing", "Li, Shiyue", "Zhong, Nanshan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407836", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Crucial roles of hematologic and immunologic responses in progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remain largely unclear. We sought to address the dynamic changes in hematologic and immunologic biomarkers and their associations with severity and outcomes of COVID-19. A retrospective study including 548 patients with COVID-19 with clarified outcome (discharged or deceased) from a national cohort in China was performed. Cross-sectional and longitudinal variations were compared and the associations with different severity and outcomes were analyzed. On admission, the counts of lymphocytes, T-cell subsets, eosinophils, and platelets decreased markedly, especially in severe/critical and fatal patients. Increased neutrophil count and neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio were predominant in severe/critical cases or nonsurvivors. During hospitalization, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and platelets showed an increasing trend in survivors, but maintained lower levels or dropped significantly afterwards in nonsurvivors. Nonsurvivors kept a high level or showed an upward trend for neutrophils, IL-6, procalcitonin, D-dimer, amyloid A protein, and C-reactive protein, which were kept stable or showed a downward trend in survivors. Positive correlation between CD8+ T-cell and lymphocytes count was found in survivors but not in nonsurvivors. A multivariate Cox regression model suggested that restored levels of lymphocytes, eosinophils, and platelets could serve as predictors for recovery, whereas progressive increases in neutrophils, basophils, and IL-6 were associated with fatal outcome. Hematologic and immunologic impairment showed a significantly different profile between survivors and nonsurvivors in patients with COVID-19 with different severity. The longitudinal variations in these biomarkers could serve to predict recovery or fatal outcome."}, {"pmid": 32518458, "pmcid": "PMC7270163", "title": "World in lockdown.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Hamzelou, Jessica"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518458", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Around a fifth of the global population is in lockdown as covid-19 cases continue to rise, reports Jessica Hamzelou."}, {"pmid": 32312785, "title": "Is ethnicity linked to incidence or outcomes of covid-19?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Khunti, Kamlesh", "Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Pareek, Manish", "Hanif, Wasim"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312785", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482887, "title": "Haemorrhagic enteritis and COVID-19: causality or coincidence.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Amarapurkar, Anjali D", "Vichare, Priyanka", "Pandya, Nidhi", "Deshpande, Sneha"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482887", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316113, "pmcid": "PMC7235736", "title": "Combining Point-of-Care Diagnostics and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Yang, Ting", "Gentile, Mattia", "Shen, Ching-Fen", "Cheng, Chao-Min"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316113", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current standard testing method for screening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is through reverse real-time PCR assay (rRT-PCR), a common molecular-based assay that requires an average of four to six hours to provide results [...]."}, {"pmid": 32499176, "pmcid": "PMC7251350", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and ischemic colitis: An under-recognized complication.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Chan, Kok Hoe", "Lim, Su Lin", "Damati, Ahmad", "Maruboyina, Siva Prasad", "Bondili, Leena", "Abu Hanoud, Amany", "Slim, Jihad"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499176", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has spread worldwide, with more than 2.5 million cases and over 80,000 deaths reported by the end of April 2020. In addition to pulmonary symptoms, gastrointestinal symptoms have been increasingly recognized as part of the disease spectrum. COVID-19-associated coagulopathy has recently emerged as a major component of the disease, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Ischemic colitis has been reported to be associated with a hypercoagulable state. To our knowledge, there have not been any case reports of COVID-19 associated with ischemic colitis. Herein, we present the first case of a probable association of COVID-19 with ischemic colitis in a patient with a hypercoagulable state."}, {"pmid": 32353720, "pmcid": "PMC7182518", "title": "COVID-19 faecal-oral transmission: Are we asking the right questions?", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Heller, Leo", "Mota, Cesar R", "Greco, Dirceu B"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353720", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in stools and sewage has recently been reported, raising the hypothesis of faecal-oral transmission. If confirmed, this could have far-reaching consequences for public health and for pandemic control strategies. In this paper, we argue that a comprehensive and more nuanced analysis is required to test this hypothesis, taking into consideration both environmental dynamics and the persistence of viral infectivity. First, we examine the evidence regarding the presence of the virus in stools and sewage. Then we discuss the current framework of disease transmission through water and excreta and how the transmission of a respiratory disease fits into it. Against this background, we propose a framework to test the faecal-oral hypothesis, unpacking the different environmental routes from faeces to the mouth of a susceptible person. This framework should not be seen as a confirmation of the hypothesis but rather as an expanded view of its complexities, which could help shaping an agenda for research into a number of unanswered questions. Finally, the paper briefly discusses practical implications, based on current knowledge, for containment of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32521002, "title": "Antibody profiles in mild and severe cases of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Liu, Zhi-Li", "Liu, Yang", "Wan, La-Gen", "Xiang, Tian-Xin", "Le, Ai-Ping", "Liu, Peng", "Peiris, Malik", "Poon, Leo L M", "Zhang, Wei"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521002", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321540, "pmcid": "PMC7175817", "title": "COVID-19 and what pediatric rheumatologists should know: a review from a highly affected country.", "journal": "Pediatr Rheumatol Online J", "authors": ["Licciardi, Francesco", "Giani, Teresa", "Baldini, Letizia", "Favalli, Ennio Giulio", "Caporali, Roberto", "Cimaz, Rolando"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321540", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11th, 2020 the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. The infection, transmitted by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov), was first discovered in December 2019, in Wuhan, Hubei Province, and then rapidly spread worldwide. Italy was early and severely involved, with a critical spread of the infection and a very high number of victims. Person-to-person spread mainly occurs via respiratory droplets and contact. The median incubation period is 5\u2009days. The spectrum of respiratory symptoms may range from mild to severe, strictly depending on the age of the patient and the underlying comorbidities.In children COVID-19 related disease is less frequent and less aggressive. In Italy 1% of positive cases are under 18\u2009years of age, and no deaths have been recorded before 29\u2009years of age. For patients affected by rheumatic disease, despite the concerns related to the imbalance of their immune response and the effect of immunosuppressive treatments, there are still few data to understand the real consequences of this infection. Major scientific societies have issued recommendations to help rheumatologists in caring their patients. Interestingly, some of the drugs mostly used by rheumatologists appear to be promising in critical COVID-19 infected patients, where the hyperinflammation and cytokine storm seem to drive to the multiorgan failure.Pediatric rheumatologists are expected to play a supporting role in this new front of COVID-19 pandemic, both as general pediatricians treating infected children, and as rheumatologists taking care of their rheumatic patients, as well as offering their experience in the possible alternative use of immunomodulatory drugs."}, {"pmid": 32520840, "title": "The Urgent Need to Address Violence Against Health Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Med Care", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Bolanos, Rosibel", "Cartujano-Barrera, Francisco", "Cartujano, Brenda", "Flores, Yvonne N", "Cupertino, Ana Paula", "Gallegos-Carrillo, Katia"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520840", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313463, "pmcid": "PMC7155966", "title": "2019 novel coronavirus: an emerging global threat.", "journal": "Proc (Bayl Univ Med Cent)", "authors": ["Columbus, Cristie", "Brust, Karen B", "Arroliga, Alejandro C"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313463", "countries": ["China", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus (CoV) epidemic that began in China in December 2019 follows earlier epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV in China and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV in Saudi Arabia. The full genome of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has now been shared, and data have been gathered from several case series. As of February 11, 2020, there have been 45,182 laboratory-confirmed cases, the vast majority in China, with 1115 deaths, for an overall case-fatality rate of 2.5%. Cases have been confirmed in 27 countries. On average, each patient infects 2.2 other people. Symptomatic infection appears to predominantly affect adults, with a 5-day estimated incubation period between infection and symptom onset. The most common presenting symptoms are fever, cough, dyspnea, and myalgias and/or fatigue. All cases reported to date have shown radiographic evidence of pneumonia. 2019-nCoV is diagnosed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Treatment is largely supportive, with regimens including antiviral therapy. Corticosteroids are not routinely recommended. Hand hygiene, prompt identification and isolation of suspect patients, and appropriate use of personal protective equipment are the most reliable methods to contain the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32532950, "title": "Infection prevention and control in blood purification centers during the COVID-19 epidemic: a single institution experience from Zhejiang, China.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Yamei, Yang", "Yanbo, Zhang", "Yuhong, Jin", "Xueyan, Bian"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532950", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "not available."}, {"pmid": 32352615, "pmcid": "PMC7267645", "title": "Povidone-iodine gargle as a prophylactic intervention to interrupt the transmission of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Pattanshetty, Sanjay", "Narayana, Aparna", "Radhakrishnan, Raghu"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352615", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312733, "title": "Covid-19, prison crowding, and release policies.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Simpson, Paul L", "Butler, Tony G"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312733", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389696, "pmcid": "PMC7204728", "title": "Psychopathological responses and face mask restrictions during the COVID-19 outbreak: Results from a nationwide survey.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Szczesniak, Dorota", "Ciulkowicz, Marta", "Maciaszek, Julian", "Misiak, Blazej", "Luc, Dorota", "Wieczorek, Tomasz", "Witecka, Karolina-Fila", "Rymaszewska, Joanna"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389696", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32207676, "pmcid": "PMC7156580", "title": "COVID-19 Epidemic in the Middle Province of Northern Italy: Impact, Logistics, and Strategy in the First Line Hospital.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Gagliano, Annalisa", "Villani, Pier Giorgio", "Co', Francesca M", "Manelli, Anna", "Paglia, Stefano", "Bisagni, Pietro A G", "Perotti, Gabriele M", "Storti, Enrico", "Lombardo, Massimo"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207676", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) began in China in early December 2019 and rapidly has spread to many countries around the globe, with the number of confirmed cases increasing every day. An epidemic has been recorded since February 20 in a middle province in Northern Italy (Lodi province, in the low Po Valley). The first line hospital had to redesign its logistical and departmental structure to respond to the influx of COVID-19-positive patients who needed hospitalization. Logistical and structural strategies were guided by the crisis unit, managing in 8 days from the beginning of the epidemic to prepare the hospital to be ready to welcome more than 200 COVID-19-positive patients with different ventilatory requirements, keeping clean emergency access lines, and restoring surgical interventions and deferred urgent, routine activity."}, {"pmid": 32524374, "title": "Management of children with COVID-19: experiences from China.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Xu, Si-Yun", "Yang, Li-Li", "Qi, Qi", "Wang, Xian-Jun", "Xie, Yi-Cheng", "Zhao, Zheng-Yan", "Shu, Qiang"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524374", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451138, "pmcid": "PMC7190467", "title": "[Is there a need for ophthalmological surveillance in the case of short-term hydroxychloroquine treatment during this COVID-19 pandemic?]", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Defoort-Dhellemmes, S"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451138", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32231349, "title": "Chloroquine in COVID-19: the evidence.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Gupta, Nitesh", "Agrawal, Sumita", "Ish, Pranav"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231349", "countries": ["Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To the Editor The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared as a pandemic by World Health Organisation (WHO). The global mortality has increased, especially in countries like Italy and Iran. With the increasing morbidity and mortality, search for a cure has been the global demand."}, {"pmid": 32399479, "pmcid": "PMC7214230", "title": "Human coronaviruses with emphasis on the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Virusdisease", "authors": ["Bahadur, Saraj", "Long, Wenxing", "Shuaib, Muhammad"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399479", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human coronaviruses are known as respiratory pathogens mainly associated with a range of respiratory diseases. In the past 18\u00a0years, the beginning of severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronavirus (SARS-HCoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and now the (COVID-19) have driven the HCoV into the platform of the scientific community due to their high pathogenicity in humans. Our study about the HCoV has contributed extensively to the understanding of HCoV pathogenesis its outbreak and precautionary measurements mainly COVID-19. By the 16-February 2020, total existing diagnosis cases of COVID-19, in china now numbered around 57,255, total cumulative diagnosis is about 68,592, total existing suspicion is about 8228, a total severe existing disease 11,272, the total cumulative cure is about 9671 with more than 1666 cumulative deaths have been reported. The purpose of the review is to summarize the present knowledge on the viral diversity, reservoir hosts, and geographical distributions of Human coronavirus (COVID-19) in\u00a0China."}, {"pmid": 32231319, "title": "'We need to be alert': Scientists fear second coronavirus wave as China's lockdowns ease.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Cyranoski, David"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231319", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415300, "title": "Biotech companies prepare for COVID-19 downturn.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "authors": ["Senior, Melanie"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415300", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332909, "title": "Open science takes on the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Zastrow, Mark"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332909", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306854, "pmcid": "PMC7189410", "title": "Novel guanosine derivatives against MERS CoV polymerase: An in silico perspective.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Elfiky, Abdo A", "Azzam, Eman B"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306854", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS CoV), also termed camel flu, is a new viral infection that first reported in the year 2012 in the Middle East region and further spread during the last seven years. MERS CoV is characterized by its high mortality rate among different human coronaviruses. MERS CoV polymerase shares more than 20% sequence identity with the Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Non-structural 5b (NS5b) RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Despite the low sequence identity, the active site is conserved between the two proteins, with two consecutive aspartates that are crucial in the nucleotide transfer reaction. In this study, seven nucleotide inhibitors have been tested against MERS CoV RdRp using molecular modeling and docking simulations, from which four are novel compounds. Molecular Dynamics Simulation for 260 nanoseconds is performed on the MERS CoV RdRp model to test the effect of protein dynamics on the binding affinities to the tested nucleotide inhibitors. Results support the hypothesis of using the anti-polymerases (Anti-HCV drugs) against MERS CoV RdRp as a potent candidates. Besides four novel compounds are suggested as a seed for high performance inhibitors against MERS CoV RdRp.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32084675, "title": "[Thinking of treatment strategies for colorectal cancer patients in tumor hospitals under the background of coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hu, X H", "Niu, W B", "Zhang, J F", "Li, B K", "Yu, B", "Zhang, Z Y", "Zhou, C X", "Zhang, X N", "Gao, Y", "Wang, G Y"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32084675", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new outbreak of coronavirus pneumonia began to occur. Its pathogen is 2019-nCoV, which has the characteristics of strong infectivity and general susceptibility. The current situation of prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia is severe. In this context, as front-line medical workers bearing important responsibilities and pressure, while through strict management strategy, we can minimize the risk of infection exposure. By summarizing the research progress and guidelines in recent years in the fields of colorectal cancer disease screening, treatment strategies(including early colorectal cancer, locally advanced colorectal cancer, obstructive colorectal cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer and the treatment of patients after neoadjuvant therapy), the choice of medication and time limit for adjuvant therapy, the protective measures for patients undergoing emergency surgery, the re-examination of postoperative patients and the protection of medical staff, etc., authors improve treatment strategies in order to provide more choices for patients to obtain the best treatment under the severe epidemic situation of new coronavirus pneumonia. Meanwhile we hope that it can also provide more timely treatment modeling schemes for colleagues."}, {"pmid": 32335962, "pmcid": "PMC7267439", "title": "COVID-19 and gastrointestinal endoscopy: What should be taken into account?", "journal": "Dig Endosc", "authors": ["Sinonquel, Pieter", "Roelandt, Philip", "Demedts, Ingrid", "Van Gerven, Laura", "Vandenbriele, Christophe", "Wilmer, Alexander", "Van Wijngaerden, Eric", "Bisschops, Raf"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335962", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a subsequent impact on the entire world and health care system. Since the causing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 houses in the aerodigestive tract, activities in the gastrointestinal outpatient clinic and endoscopy unit should be limited to emergencies only. Health care professionals are faced with the need to perform endoscopic or endoluminal emergency procedures in patients with a confirmed positive or unknown COVID-19 status. With this report, we aim to provide recommendations and practical relevant information for gastroenterologists based on the limited amount of available data and local experience, to guarantee a high-quality patient care and adequate infection prevention in the gastroenterology clinic."}, {"pmid": 32356639, "title": "The ethical dimension of prioritization and allocation decisions within the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Pawlikowski, Jakub"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356639", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266703, "pmcid": "PMC7138654", "title": "Why Only Test Symptomatic Patients? Consider Random Screening for COVID-19.", "journal": "Appl Health Econ Health Policy", "authors": ["Padula, William V"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266703", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345852, "pmcid": "PMC7202110", "title": "COVID-19 and One Lung Ventilation.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Tryphonopoulos, Peter", "McFaul, Colleen", "Gagne, Sylvain", "Moffett, Stephane", "Byford, Larry", "Thompson, Calvin"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517569, "title": "Early Warnings: The Lessons of COVID-19 for Public Health Climate Preparedness.", "journal": "Int J Health Serv", "authors": ["Sheehan, Mary C", "Fox, Mary A"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517569", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The early 2020 response to COVID-19 revealed major gaps in public health systems around the world as many were overwhelmed by a quickly-spreading new coronavirus. While the critical task at hand is turning the tide on COVID-19, this pandemic serves as a clarion call to governments and citizens alike to ensure public health systems are better prepared to meet the emergencies of the future, many of which will be climate-related. Learning from the successes as well as the failures of the pandemic response provides some guidance. We apply several recommendations of a recent World Health Organization Policy Brief on COVID-19 response to 5 key areas of public health systems - governance, information, services, determinants, and capacity - to suggest early lessons from the coronavirus pandemic for climate change preparedness. COVID-19 has demonstrated how essential public health is to well-functioning human societies and how high the economic cost of an unprepared health system can be. This pandemic provides valuable early warnings, with lessons for building public health resilience."}, {"pmid": 32266990, "pmcid": "PMC7262187", "title": "Analyzing situational awareness through public opinion to predict adoption of social distancing amid pandemic COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Qazi, Atika", "Qazi, Javaria", "Naseer, Khulla", "Zeeshan, Muhammad", "Hardaker, Glenn", "Maitama, Jaafar Zubairu", "Haruna, Khalid"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266990", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has affected over 100 countries in a matter of weeks. People's response toward social distancing in the emerging pandemic is uncertain. In this study, we evaluated the influence of information (formal and informal) sources on situational awareness of the public for adopting health-protective behaviors such as social distancing. For this purpose, a questionnaire-based survey was conducted. The hypothesis proposed suggests that adoption of social distancing practices is an outcome of situational awareness which is achieved by the information sources. Results suggest that information sources, formal (P\u2009=\u2009.001) and informal (P\u2009=\u20090.007) were found to be significantly related to perceived understanding. Findings also indicate that social distancing is significantly influenced by situational awareness, P\u2009=\u2009.000. It can, therefore, be concluded that an increase in situational awareness in times of public health crisis using formal information sources can significantly increase the adoption of protective health behavior and in turn contain the spread of infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32237998, "title": "An assessment of United States dermatology practices during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Muddasani, Suraj", "Housholder, Anne", "Fleischer, Alan B"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237998", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives: The COVID-19 outbreak is a serious threat to public health and social distancing on the part of individuals can help contain the epidemic. It is unknown if dermatologists are assisting with the public health officials' recommendations for social distancing by closing their practice or limiting their practice to the treatment of emergency conditions. This study examines the activity level of dermatology practices during the United States COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: We performed scripted phone calls to 60 dermatology practices in six different counties in the United Stated during the COVID-19 outbreak. We assessed if practices are open and if they are serving patients with urgent and non-urgent conditions.Results: Of the 60 dermatologists selected for the study, 55 were successfully contacted (92% contact rate). Of these practices, 29 (53%) were open, 17 (31%) were only seeing urgent patients and 9 (16%) were closed. New York, New York had 2 (20%) open offices which was the lowest proportion of any county (p = .04). Counties with higher prevalence had fewer open offices (p < .01, R2 = .7).Conclusions: Many practices have restricted their level of operation especially in higher areas of COVID-19 prevalence, likely to help facilitate social distancing."}, {"pmid": 32401276, "pmcid": "PMC7221844", "title": "COVID-19 in Children With Cancer in New York City.", "journal": "JAMA Oncol", "authors": ["Boulad, Farid", "Kamboj, Mini", "Bouvier, Nancy", "Mauguen, Audrey", "Kung, Andrew L"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401276", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32154505, "pmcid": "PMC7057189", "title": "The coronavirus 2019-nCoV epidemic: Is hindsight 20/20?", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Malta, Monica", "Rimoin, Anne W", "Strathdee, Steffanie A"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32154505", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32163908, "pmcid": "PMC7128485", "title": "Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Zandifar, Atefeh", "Badrfam, Rahim"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32163908", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294229, "pmcid": "PMC7262173", "title": "COVID-19 vaginal delivery - A case report.", "journal": "Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol", "authors": ["Lowe, Belinda", "Bopp, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294229", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus termed SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a major public health challenge. Many maternity units around the country are currently considering management protocols for these patients. We report a case from a tertiary Australian hospital describing an uncomplicated vaginal birth in a COVID-19 positive mother. To our knowledge this is also the first case described of a mother with COVID-19 not separated from her infant. Management provided supports the current Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists and World Health Organization guidelines suggesting that it is possible to consider rooming in post-delivery for COVID-19 positive parents. Encouragement of breastfeeding appears possible and safe when viral precautions are observed."}, {"pmid": 32356460, "pmcid": "PMC7202358", "title": "Telemedicine for cancer patients during COVID-19 pandemic: between threats and opportunities.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Elkaddoum, Ronaldo", "Haddad, Fady Gh", "Eid, Roland", "Kourie, Hampig Raphael"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356460", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366610, "title": "The Ethics of Creating a Resource Allocation Strategy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Laventhal, Naomi", "Basak, Ratna", "Dell, Mary Lynn", "Diekema, Douglas", "Elster, Nanette", "Geis, Gina", "Mercurio, Mark", "Opel, Douglas", "Shalowitz, David", "Statter, Mindy", "Macauley, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366610", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475597, "pmcid": "PMC7175912", "title": "The important role of polysaccharides from a traditional Chinese medicine-Lung Cleansing and Detoxifying Decoction against the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Carbohydr Polym", "authors": ["Cao, Peng", "Wu, Sanlan", "Wu, Tingting", "Deng, Yahui", "Zhang, Qilin", "Wang, Kaiping", "Zhang, Yu"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475597", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus pneumonia, named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization, has become a pandemic. It is highly pathogenic and reproduces quickly. There are currently no specific drugs to prevent the reproduction and spread of COVID-19. Some traditional Chinese medicines, especially the Lung Cleansing and Detoxifying Decoction (Qing Fei Pai Du Tang), have shown therapeutic effects on mild and ordinary COVID-19 patients. Polysaccharides are important ingredients in this decoction. This review summarizes the potential pharmacological activities of polysaccharides isolated by hot water extraction from Lung Cleansing and Detoxifying Decoction, which is consistent with its production method, to provide the theoretical basis for ongoing research on its application."}, {"pmid": 32401460, "title": "Is the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic an Indication to Temporarily Modify Dermatological Management Plans?", "journal": "J Drugs Dermatol", "authors": ["Shanshal, Mohammed"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401460", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411922, "pmcid": "PMC7220164", "title": "Organising community primary care in the age of COVID-19: challenges in disadvantaged areas.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Julia, Chantal", "Saynac, Yohan", "Le Joubioux, Clemence", "Cailhol, Johann", "Lombrail, Pierre", "Bouchaud, Olivier"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411922", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312019, "title": "[Airborne spreading for patients suffering severe coronavirus disease-2019 with different oxygen therapies].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, C Y", "Jiang, W", "Xia, Y", "Weng, L", "Du, B"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312019", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469484, "title": "Screening for Covid-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities. Reply.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Gandhi, Monica", "Yokoe, Deborah S", "Havlir, Diane V"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469484", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32288414, "pmcid": "PMC7137855", "title": "Demand Analysis and Management Suggestion: Sharing Epidemiological Data Among Medical Institutions in Megacities for Epidemic Prevention and Control.", "journal": "J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci", "authors": ["Cai, Qinyi", "Mi, Yiqun", "Chu, Zhaowu", "Zheng, Yuanyi", "Chen, Fang", "Liu, Yicheng"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288414", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), epidemiological data is essential for controlling the source of infection, cutting off the route of transmission, and protecting vulnerable populations. Following Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases and other related regulations, medical institutions have been authorized to collect the detailed information of patients, while it is still a formidable task in megacities because of the significant patient mobility and the existing information sharing barrier. As a smart city which strengthens precise epidemic prevention and control, Shanghai has established a multi-department platform named \"one-net management\" on dynamic information monitoring. By sharing epidemiological data with medical institutions under a safe environment, we believe that the ability to prevent and control epidemics among medical institutions will be effectively and comprehensively improved."}, {"pmid": 32268300, "pmcid": "PMC7202497", "title": "Biomarkers of biological age as predictors of COVID-19 disease severity.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Lauc, Gordan", "Sinclair, David"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268300", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502134, "title": "Justification of the Safety and Efficacy of Angiotensin II for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-Induced Shock.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Chow, Jonathan H", "Mazzeffi, Michael A", "McCurdy, Michael T"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502134", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350908, "pmcid": "PMC7267360", "title": "Teaching anatomy at the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Anat", "authors": ["Saverino, Daniele"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350908", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311499, "pmcid": "PMC7162784", "title": "Rapid Detection of Asymptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 by Computed Tomography Image Guidance for Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["McGinnis, Gwendolyn J", "Ning, Matthew S", "Nitsch, Paige L", "O'Reilly, Michael S", "McAleer, Mary Frances", "Koong, Albert C", "Chang, Joe Y"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311499", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32191173, "pmcid": "PMC7258488", "title": "Serial Interval of COVID-19 among Publicly Reported Confirmed Cases.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Du, Zhanwei", "Xu, Xiaoke", "Wu, Ye", "Wang, Lin", "Cowling, Benjamin J", "Meyers, Lauren Ancel"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191173", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We estimate the distribution of serial intervals for 468 confirmed cases of coronavirus disease reported in China as of February 8, 2020. The mean interval was 3.96 days (95% CI 3.53-4.39 days), SD 4.75 days (95% CI 4.46-5.07 days); 12.6% of case reports indicated presymptomatic transmission."}, {"pmid": 32501476, "title": "COVID-19 and the healthcare workers.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Kalra, Ankur", "Michos, Erin D", "Chinnaiyan, Kavitha M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501476", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429450, "title": "De-Escalation by Reversing the Escalation with a Stronger Synergistic Package of Contact Tracing, Quarantine, Isolation and Personal Protection: Feasibility of Preventing a COVID-19 Rebound in Ontario, Canada, as a Case Study.", "journal": "Biology (Basel)", "authors": ["Tang, Biao", "Scarabel, Francesca", "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "McCarthy, Zachary", "Glazer, Michael", "Xiao, Yanyu", "Heffernan, Jane M", "Asgary, Ali", "Ogden, Nicholas Hume", "Wu, Jianhong"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429450", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, most Canadian provinces have gone through four distinct phases of social distancing and enhanced testing. A transmission dynamics model fitted to the cumulative case time series data permits us to estimate the effectiveness of interventions implemented in terms of the contact rate, probability of transmission per contact, proportion of isolated contacts, and detection rate. This allows us to calculate the control reproduction number during different phases (which gradually decreased to less than one). From this, we derive the necessary conditions in terms of enhanced social distancing, personal protection, contact tracing, quarantine/isolation strength at each escalation phase for the disease control to avoid a rebound. From this, we quantify the conditions needed to prevent epidemic rebound during de-escalation by simply reversing the escalation process."}, {"pmid": 32296826, "pmcid": "PMC7184457", "title": "The changing patter of COVID-19 in China: A tempo-geographic analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Weiming, T", "Huipeng, L", "Gifty, M", "Zaisheng, W", "Weibin, C", "Dan, W", "Rongbin, Y"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296826", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Evaluating whether an infectious disease has reached a turning point is important for planning additional intervention efforts. This study aimed to analyze the changing patterns and the tempo-geographic features of the COVID-19 epidemic, to provide further evidence for real-time responses. Daily data on COVID-2019 cases between 31st Dec. 2019 and 26th Feb. 2020 were collected and analyzed for Hubei and non-Hubei regions. Observed trends for new and cumulative cases were analyzed through joint-point regressions. Spatial analysis was applied to show the geographic distribution and changing pattern of the epidemic. By 26th Feb. 2020, 78,630 confirmed COVID-19 cases had been reported in China. In Hubei, an increasing trend (slope=221) was observed for new cases between 24th Jan. and February 7th Feb. 2020, after which a decline commenced (slope=-868). However, as the diagnosis criteria changed, a sudden increase (slope=5530) was observed on 12th Feb., which sharply decreased afterward (slope=-4898). In non-Hubei regions, the number of new cases increased from 20th Jan. to 3rd Feb. and started to decline afterward (slope=-53). The spatial analysis identified Chongqing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Changsha, Nanchang, Wenzhou, Shanghai, Xinyang, Jining, and Beijing as the hotspots outside of Hubei province in China. The joint-point regression analysis indicated that the epidemic might have been under control in China, especially for regions outside of Hubei province. Further improvement in the response strategies based on these new patterns is needed."}, {"pmid": 32114074, "pmcid": "PMC7102650", "title": "Clinical characteristics of laboratory confirmed positive cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective single center analysis.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Huang, Yihui", "Tu, Mengqi", "Wang, Shipei", "Chen, Sichao", "Zhou, Wei", "Chen, Danyang", "Zhou, Lin", "Wang, Min", "Zhao, Yan", "Zeng, Wen", "Huang, Qi", "Xu, Hai'bo", "Liu, Zeming", "Guo, Liang"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114074", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303025, "title": "Crisis Psychodrama in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatr Danub", "authors": ["Mindoljevic Drakulic, Aleksandra", "Radman, Vivijana"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303025", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This work gives an overview of the methods of scenic expression which can be used to help cope with the crisis caused by the global threat of the coronavirus pandemic. The virus is new, the vaccine has not been developed yet and there are no unified prevention and post-prevention policies. In the following lines some modified elements of psychodrama interventions are presented including the ways of preventing the retraumatization of the patient (protagonist). This can be achieved by conscious reliving of the trauma and by activating new, transformative roles to guide the protagonist on his way to recovery."}, {"pmid": 32305444, "pmcid": "PMC7162783", "title": "COVID-19 and racial disparities.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Shah, Monica", "Sachdeva, Muskaan", "Dodiuk-Gad, Roni P"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305444", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369669, "title": "A Neuroendocrine Tumor Specialty Center in New Orleans' (NOLANETS) Response to Patient Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Ramirez, Robert A", "Bren-Mattison, Yvette", "Thiagarajan, Ramcharan", "Boudreaux, J Philip", "Marsala, Andrew J", "Ryan, Pamela", "Maluccio, Mary A"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369669", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306149, "pmcid": "PMC7165256", "title": "Covid-19 epidemic in Italy: evolution, projections and impact of government measures.", "journal": "Eur J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Sebastiani, Giovanni", "Massa, Marco", "Riboli, Elio"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306149", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report on the Covid-19 epidemic in Italy in relation to the extraordinary measures implemented by the Italian Government between the 24th of February and the 12th of March. We analysed the Covid-19 cumulative incidence (CI) using data from the 1st to the 31st of March. We estimated that in Lombardy, the worst hit region in Italy, the observed Covid-19\u00a0CI diverged towards values lower than the ones expected in the absence of government measures approximately 7-10\u00a0days after the measures implementation. The Covid-19\u00a0CI growth rate peaked in Lombardy the 22nd of March and in other regions between the 24th and the 27th of March. The CI growth rate peaked in 87 out of 107 Italian provinces on average 13.6\u00a0days after the measures implementation. We projected that the CI growth rate in Lombardy should substantially slow by mid-May 2020. Other regions should follow a similar pattern. Our projections assume that the government measures will remain in place during this period. The evolution of the epidemic in different Italian regions suggests that the earlier the measures were taken in relation to the stage of the epidemic, the lower the total cumulative incidence achieved during this epidemic wave. Our analyses suggest that the government measures slowed and eventually reduced the Covid-19\u00a0CI growth where the epidemic had already reached high levels by mid-March (Lombardy, Emilia-Romagna\u00a0and Veneto) and prevented the rise of the epidemic\u00a0in\u00a0regions of central and southern Italy where the epidemic was at an earlier stage\u00a0in mid-March to reach the high\u00a0levels already present in northern regions. As several governments indicate that their aim\u00a0is to \"push down\" the epidemic curve, the evolution of the epidemic in Italy supports the WHO recommendation that strict containment measures should\u00a0be introduced as early as possible in the epidemic curve."}, {"pmid": 32409313, "title": "Asymptomatic COVID-19: What the Neuroradiologist Needs to Know about Pulmonary Manifestations.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Barajas, R F Jr", "Rufener, G", "Starkey, J", "Duncan, T", "Fuss, C"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409313", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with a high asymptomatic incidence. Asymptomatic infections within a population will inevitably lead to diagnosis via unrelated medical imaging. We report the case of an asymptomatic patient undergoing a spine CT examination for trauma who was incidentally found to have lung abnormalities later confirmed to be COVID-19. We aim to familiarize neuroradiologists with the spectrum of COVID-19 pulmonary manifestations that are likely to be observed on neck and spine CT imaging."}, {"pmid": 32056407, "pmcid": "PMC7025910", "title": "Case of the Index Patient Who Caused Tertiary Transmission of COVID-19 Infection in Korea: the Application of Lopinavir/Ritonavir for the Treatment of COVID-19 Infected Pneumonia Monitored by Quantitative RT-PCR.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Lim, Jaegyun", "Jeon, Seunghyun", "Shin, Hyun Young", "Kim, Moon Jung", "Seong, Yu Min", "Lee, Wang Jun", "Choe, Kang Won", "Kang, Yu Min", "Lee, Baeckseung", "Park, Sang Joon"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32056407", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since mid-December of 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has been spreading from Wuhan, China. The confirmed COVID-19 patients in South Korea are those who came from or visited China. As secondary transmissions have occurred and the speed of transmission is accelerating, there are rising concerns about community infections. The 54-year old male is the third patient diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in Korea. He is a worker for a clothing business and had mild respiratory symptoms and intermittent fever in the beginning of hospitalization, and pneumonia symptoms on chest computerized tomography scan on day 6 of admission. This patient caused one case of secondary transmission and three cases of tertiary transmission. Hereby, we report the clinical findings of the index patient who was the first to cause tertiary transmission outside China. Interestingly, after lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra, AbbVie) was administered, \u03b2-coronavirus viral loads significantly decreased and no or little coronavirus titers were observed."}, {"pmid": 32413133, "pmcid": "PMC7239093", "title": "In Reply: Precautions for Endoscopic Transnasal Skull Base Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Rossetti, Adroaldo", "Solla, Davi Jorge Fontoura", "Salles, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413133", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509394, "title": "Should patients stop their radiotherapy or chemotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Cancer Res", "authors": ["Huang, Bin", "Zhu, Jian", "Wu, Xiong-Ying", "Gao, Xu-Hui"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509394", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the previous stage, there were too many patients with Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan. Ordinary people, patients, even doctors, had a great sense of desperate. On the one hand, almost all doctors participated in the treatment of patients of COVID-19. On the other hand, the government restricted residents to go out, and the sick people were also afraid of being infected with COVID-19 when seeking medical treatment. Whether cancer patients seek medical treatment or not has become a contradiction for a long time. Our Viewpoint paper is to provide a positive signal to doctors and patients that patients with in the middle or advanced stage of cancer can receive radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy normally under protective measures."}, {"pmid": 32508388, "pmcid": "PMC7249801", "title": "Medical recommendations for home-confined footballers' training during the COVID-19 pandemic: from evidence to practical application.", "journal": "Biol Sport", "authors": ["Eirale, Cristiano", "Bisciotti, Giannicola", "Corsini, Alessandro", "Baudot, Christophe", "Saillant, Gerard", "Chalabi, Hakim"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508388", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early 2020, the world is facing a global emergency called COVID-19. Many professional footballers around the world are home confined. The maintenance of physical capacity is a fundamental requirement for the athlete, so the training sessions must be adapted to this unique situation. Specific recommendations must be followed concerning the type of training, its intensity, the precautions that have to be followed to avoid the possibility of contagion, and the restrictions in accordance with the presence of any symptoms. This article analyses the available scientific evidence in order to recommend a practical approach."}, {"pmid": 32406755, "title": "Pregnancy, Birth and the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.", "journal": "Med Anthropol", "authors": ["Davis-Floyd, Robbie", "Gutschow, Kim", "Schwartz, David A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406755", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "How quickly and in what ways are US maternity care practices changing due to the COVID-19 pandemic? Our data indicate that partners and doulas are being excluded from birthing rooms leaving mothers unsupported, while providers face lack of protective equipment and unclear guidelines. We investigate rapidly shifting protocols for in- and out-of-hospital births and the decision making behind them. We ask, will COVID-19 cause women, families, and providers to look at birthing in a different light? And will this pandemic offer a testing ground for future policy changes to generate effective maternity care amidst pandemics and other types of disasters?"}, {"pmid": 32445773, "pmcid": "PMC7239022", "title": "In hospital verification of non CE-marked respiratory protective devices to ensure safety of healthcare staff during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["van Wezel, Ralph A C", "Vrancken, Anne C T", "Ernest, Marieke", "Laurensse, Johan", "van Doornmalen Gomez Hoyos, Josephus P C M"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445773", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To develop a protocol to ensure the quality of respiratory protective devices for healthcare workers nursing and treating patients with possible or confirmed COVID-19 in the Catharina hospital. Due to the COVID-19 outbreak a shortage of respirators is occurring worldwide; more specifically, CE-certified FFP2 respirators. This has resulted in an increased supply to hospitals of alternative respirators of uncertain quality. Nevertheless, the quality of the respirators used by our healthcare workers must be ensured. A protocol and criteria based on applicable standards was developed to ensure the quality of respirators. The protocol has been implemented at the Catharina hospital and includes verification of the documents accompanying the respirator, visual inspection of the respirator and a test for total inward leak of particles into respirators. 67% of the respirators brands and types received in the Catharina hospital did not meet quality criteria. With a simple verification protocol the quality of the respirators can be checked and guaranteed while there is a shortage of the CE approved respirators which are normally used. With this in-hospital protocol health care workers can be equipped with safe-to-use respirators."}, {"pmid": 32513625, "title": "COVID-19 quarantine and acute pulmonary embolism.", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Vannini, Luca", "Llanos Gomez, Juan Manuel", "Quijada-Fumero, Alejandro", "Fernandez Perez, Ana Belen", "Hernandez Afonso, Julio S"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513625", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496518, "title": "Letter: COVID-19 Pandemic-The Bystander Effect on Stroke Care in Michigan.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Pandey, Aditya S", "Daou, Badih J", "Tsai, Jenny P", "Zaidi, Syed F", "Salahuddin, Hisham", "Gemmete, Joseph J", "Oliver, Marion J", "Singer, Justin", "Elder, Theresa A", "Mbabuike, Nnenna", "Adel, Joseph G", "Gujrati, Yogesh", "Saleemi, Muhammad Adeel", "Siddiqui, Fazeel M", "Elias, Augusto E", "Rehman, Mohammed F", "Marin, Horia", "Chebl, Alex B", "Kole, Maximillian", "Wilseck, Jeffrey M", "Kazmierczak, Chris D", "Mick, James M", "Majjhoo, Aniel Q", "Naravetla, Bharath R", "Rayes, Mahmoud", "Luqman, Ali W", "Richards, Boyd F", "Kelkar, Prashant", "Burgess, Richard", "Thompson, B Gregory", "Chaudhary, Neeraj", "Mazaris, Paul A", "Qahwash, Omar", "Razak, M Anmar", "Jumaa, Mouhammad A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496518", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302082, "pmcid": "PMC7182017", "title": "Guillain-Barre Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Toscano, Gianpaolo", "Palmerini, Francesco", "Ravaglia, Sabrina", "Ruiz, Luigi", "Invernizzi, Paolo", "Cuzzoni, M Giovanna", "Franciotta, Diego", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Daturi, Rossana", "Postorino, Paolo", "Cavallini, Anna", "Micieli, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302082", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251767, "pmcid": "PMC7127386", "title": "Remdesivir, lopinavir, emetine, and homoharringtonine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro.", "journal": "Antiviral Res", "authors": ["Choy, Ka-Tim", "Wong, Alvina Yin-Lam", "Kaewpreedee, Prathanporn", "Sia, Sin Fun", "Chen, Dongdong", "Hui, Kenrie Pui Yan", "Chu, Daniel Ka Wing", "Chan, Michael Chi Wai", "Cheung, Peter Pak-Hang", "Huang, Xuhui", "Peiris, Malik", "Yen, Hui-Ling"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251767", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An escalating pandemic by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus is impacting global health and effective therapeutic options are urgently needed. We evaluated the in vitro antiviral effect of compounds that were previously reported to inhibit coronavirus replication and compounds that are currently under evaluation in clinical trials for SARS-CoV-2 patients. We report the antiviral effect of remdesivir, lopinavir, homorringtonine, and emetine against SARS-CoV-2 virus in Vero E6 cells with the estimated 50% effective concentration at 23.15\u00a0\u03bcM, 26.63\u00a0\u03bcM, 2.55\u00a0\u03bcM and 0.46\u00a0\u03bcM, respectively. Ribavirin or favipiravir that are currently evaluated under clinical trials showed no inhibition at 100\u00a0\u03bcM. Synergy between remdesivir and emetine was observed, and remdesivir at 6.25\u00a0\u03bcM in combination with emetine at 0.195\u00a0\u03bcM may achieve 64.9% inhibition in viral yield. Combinational therapy may help to reduce the effective concentration of compounds below the therapeutic plasma concentrations and provide better clinical benefits."}, {"pmid": 32496107, "title": "Need for a population health approach to understand and address psychosocial consequences of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Sun, Shufang", "Lin, Danhua", "Operario, Don"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496107", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This commentary article provides observations on the psychosocial consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among people in China and articulates a population health perspective to understand and address identified issues. We highlight key psychosocial effects of COVID-19, such as anxiety, insomnia, and trauma response, in the context of salient factors that shape Chinese people's psychological experiences, including the availability of Internet and technology, large-scale quarantine, economic impact, and the rise of xenophobia globally. Further, from a population health perspective, we make recommendations in COVID-19-related research and interventions that aim to promote the psychosocial health of Chinese people. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32484950, "title": "Amplification of human beta-glucuronidase gene for appraising the accuracy of negative SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR results in upper respiratory tract specimens.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Albert, Eliseo", "Ferrer, Blanca", "Torres, Ignacio", "Serrano, Alicia", "Alcaraz, Maria J", "Buesa, Javier", "Solano, Carlos", "Colomina, Javier", "Bueno, Felipe", "Huntley, Dixie", "Olea, Beatriz", "Valdivia, Arantxa", "Navarro, David"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484950", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396994, "title": "Special Issues for COVID-19 in Children and Adolescents.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Brambilla, Ilaria", "Tosca, Maria Angela", "De Filippo, Maria", "Licari, Amelia", "Piccotti, Emanuela", "Marseglia, Gian Luigi", "Ciprandi, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396994", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A high prevalence of obesity in patients with severe COVID-19 requiring invasive mechanical ventilation was recently reported.(1) We wish to remind readers that children and adolescents can have COVID-19 disease and that the disease may be extra-pulmonary."}, {"pmid": 32380787, "title": "Acute Kidney Injury in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Direct Effect of Virus on Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Soleimani, Manoocher"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380787", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs), including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and the novel coronavirus disease-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are a group of enveloped RNA viruses that cause a severe respiratory infection which is associated with a high mortality [...]."}, {"pmid": 32345646, "title": "BTK Inhibitors in Cancer Patients with COVID-19: \"The Winner Will be the One Who Controls That Chaos\" (Napoleon Bonaparte).", "journal": "Clin Cancer Res", "authors": ["Chong, Elise A", "Roeker, Lindsey E", "Shadman, Mazyar", "Davids, Matthew S", "Schuster, Stephen J", "Mato, Anthony R"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345646", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, providers must consider how to optimally manage patients with hematologic malignancies. There is rationale both for and against continuation of BTK inhibitors in patients receiving these drugs for management of CLL and B cell lymphomas. Herein, we describe both benefits and risks of BTK inhibitor continuation. In favor of BTKi continuation, BTK plays an active role in macrophage polarization. By modulating key transcription factors, BTK may regulate macrophage polarization downstream of classic M1 and M2 polarizing stimuli and mitigate the hyperinflammatory state associated with COVID-19. In favor of BTKi discontinuation, we note a potentially increased risk of secondary infections and impaired humoral immunity. We hypothesize that the potential benefit of blunting a hyperinflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 through attenuation of M1 polarization outweighs the potential risk of impaired humoral immunity, not to mention the risk of rapid progression of B-cell malignancy following BTKi interruption. On the basis of this, we suggest continuing BTKi in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32110875, "pmcid": "PMC7141113", "title": "Potential Rapid Diagnostics, Vaccine and Therapeutics for 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): A Systematic Review.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Pang, Junxiong", "Wang, Min Xian", "Ang, Ian Yi Han", "Tan, Sharon Hui Xuan", "Lewis, Ruth Frances", "Chen, Jacinta I-Pei", "Gutierrez, Ramona A", "Gwee, Sylvia Xiao Wei", "Chua, Pearleen Ee Yong", "Yang, Qian", "Ng, Xian Yi", "Yap, Rowena Ks", "Tan, Hao Yi", "Teo, Yik Ying", "Tan, Chorh Chuan", "Cook, Alex R", "Yap, Jason Chin-Huat", "Hsu, Li Yang"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32110875", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics are important interventions for the management of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak. It is timely to systematically review the potential of these interventions, including those for Middle East respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV, to guide policymakers globally on their prioritization of resources for research and development. A systematic search was carried out in three major electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library) to identify published studies in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Supplementary strategies through Google Search and personal communications were used. A total of 27 studies fulfilled the criteria for review. Several laboratory protocols for confirmation of suspected 2019-nCoV cases using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) have been published. A commercial RT-PCR kit developed by the Beijing Genomic Institute is currently widely used in China and likely in Asia. However, serological assays as well as point-of-care testing kits have not been developed but are likely in the near future. Several vaccine candidates are in the pipeline. The likely earliest Phase 1 vaccine trial is a synthetic DNA-based candidate. A number of novel compounds as well as therapeutics licensed for other conditions appear to have in vitro efficacy against the 2019-nCoV. Some are being tested in clinical trials against MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, while others have been listed for clinical trials against 2019-nCoV. However, there are currently no effective specific antivirals or drug combinations supported by high-level evidence."}, {"pmid": 32077440, "pmcid": "PMC7118336", "title": "[Preliminary Recommendations for Lung Surgery during 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic Period].", "journal": "Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Xin", "Liu, Minghui", "Zhao, Qingchun", "Liu, Renwang", "Zhang, Hongbing", "Dong, Ming", "Xu, Song", "Zhao, Honglin", "Wei, Sen", "Song, Zuoqing", "Chen, Gang", "Chen, Jun"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077440", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, China diagnosed the first patient with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and the following development of the epidemic had a huge impact on China and the whole world. For patients with lung occupying lesions, the whole process of diagnosis and treatment can not be carried out as usual due to the epidemic. For thoracic surgeons, the timing of surgical intervention should be very carefully considered. All thoracic surgeons in China should work together to develop the proper procedures for the diagnosis and treatment in this special situation, and continuously update the recommendations based on epidemic changes and further understanding of COVID-19. Here, we only offer some preliminary suggestions based on our own knowledge for further reference and discussion."}, {"pmid": 32498413, "title": "Anti-Infectious Plants of The Thai Karen: A Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Antibiotics (Basel)", "authors": ["Phumthum, Methee", "Balslev, Henrik"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498413", "countries": ["Thailand", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pharmacology has developed many drugs to treat infections, but many people, especially in developing countries, cannot afford to purchase them, and still depend on traditional knowledge and local medicinal plants to fight off infections. In addition, numerous microbes have developed resistance to the pharmaceutical drugs developed to fight them, and for many, such as Covid-19, effective drugs remain to be found. Ethnomedicinal knowledge is useful, not only for local people as a source of medicine for primary health care, but also for new pharmacological discoveries. This study aimed to identify the plants that the Karen, the largest hill-tribe ethnic minority in northern and western Thailand, use for treatments of infectious diseases. We present a meta-analysis of data from 16 ethnobotanical studies of 25 Karen villages with the aim of understanding traditional knowledge and treatments and point to potential plants for further pharmacological development. The Karen used 127 plant species from 59 plant families to treat infections and infectious diseases. The Cultural Important Index (CI) showed that the Leguminosae, Euphorbiaceae, Asteraceae, Lauraceae, Apocynaceae, Menispermaceae, and Lamiaceae were the most commonly used families. As for species, Cleidion javanicum, Tinospora crispa, Litsea cubeba, Aesculus assamica, Tadehagi triquetrum, Senna alata, Tithonia diversifolia, Embelia sessiliflora, and Combretum indicum were the most commonly used in treatments of infectious diseases. We suggest that these plant species should be the first to be pharmacologically tested for possible development of medicines, and the remaining species registered should subsequently undergo testing."}, {"pmid": 32513289, "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 Ivermectin Navarra-ISGlobal Trial (SAINT) to Evaluate the Potential of Ivermectin to Reduce COVID-19 Transmission in low risk, non-severe COVID-19 patients in the first 48 hours after symptoms onset: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized control pilot trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Chaccour, Carlos", "Ruiz-Castillo, Paula", "Richardson, Mary-Ann", "Moncunill, Gemma", "Casellas, Aina", "Carmona-Torre, Francisco", "Giraldez, Miriam", "Mota, Juana Schwartz", "Yuste, Jose Ramon", "Azanza, Jose Ramon", "Fernandez, Miriam", "Reina, Gabriel", "Dobano, Carlota", "Brew, Joe", "Sadaba, Belen", "Hammann, Felix", "Rabinovich, Regina"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513289", "countries": ["Gabon", "Spain", "Ethiopia", "Cameroon", "Chad", "Nigeria", "Congo", "Angola", "Sudan", "Guinea"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The primary objective is to determine the efficacy of a single dose of ivermectin, administered to low risk, non-severe COVID-19 patients in the first 48 hours after symptom onset to reduce the proportion of patients with detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test from nasopharyngeal swab at day 7 post-treatment. The secondary objectives are: 1.To assess the efficacy of ivermectin to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the nasopharyngeal swab at day 7 post treatment.2.To assess the efficacy of ivermectin to improve symptom progression in treated patients.3.To assess the proportion of seroconversions in treated patients at day 21.4.To assess the safety of ivermectin at the proposed dose.5.To determine the magnitude of immune response against SARS-CoV-2.6.To assess the early kinetics of immunity against SARS-CoV-2. SAINT is a single centre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, superiority trial with two parallel arms. Participants will be randomized to receive a single dose of 400 \u03bcg/kg ivermectin or placebo, and the number of patients in the treatment and placebo groups will be the same (1:1 ratio). The population for the study will be patients with a positive nasopharyngeal swab PCR test for SARS-CoV-2, with non-severe COVID-19 disease, and no risk factors for progression to severity. Vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, minors (i.e.; under 18 years old), and seniors (i.e.; over 60 years old) will be excluded. Inclusion criteria 1. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the emergency room of the Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra (CUN) with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR. 2. Residents of the Pamplona basin (\"Cuenca de Pamplona\"). 3. The patient must be between the ages of 18 and 60 years of age. 4. Negative pregnancy test for women of child bearing age*. 5. The patient or his/her representative, has given informed consent to participate in the study. 6. The patient should, in the PI's opinion, be able to comply with all the requirements of the clinical trial (including home follow up during isolation). Exclusion criteria 1. Known history of ivermectin allergy. 2. Hypersensitivity to any component of ivermectin. 3. COVID-19 pneumonia. Diagnosed by the attending physician.Identified in a chest X-ray. 4. Fever or cough present for more than 48 hours. 5. Positive IgG against SARS-CoV-2 by rapid diagnostic test. 6. Age under 18 or over 60 years. 7. The following co-morbidities (or any other disease that might interfere with the study in the eyes of the PI): Immunosuppression.Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Diabetes.Hypertension.Obesity.Acute or chronic renal failure.History of coronary disease.History of cerebrovascular disease.Current neoplasm. 8. Recent travel history to countries that are endemic for Loa loa (Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Equatorial, Guinea, Gabon, Republic of Congo, Nigeria and Sudan). 9. Current use of CYP 3A4 or P-gp inhibitor drugs such as quinidine, amiodarone, diltiazem, spironolactone, verapamil, clarithromycin, erythromycin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, indinavir, ritonavir or cobicistat. Use of critical CYP3A4 substrate drugs such as warfarin. *Women of child bearing age may participate if they use a safe contraceptive method for the entire period of the study and at least one month afterwards. A woman is considered to not have childbearing capacity if she is post-menopausal (minimum of 2 years without menstruation) or has undergone surgical sterilization (at least one month before the study). The trial is currently planned at a single center, Cl\u00ednica Universidad de Navarra, in Navarra (Spain), and the immunology samples will be analyzed at the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), in Barcelona (Spain). Participants will be recruited by the investigators at the emergency room and/or COVID-19 area of the CUN. They will remain in the trial for a period of 28 days at their homes since they will be patients with mild disease. In the interest of public health and to contain transmission of infection, follow-up visits will be conducted in the participant's home by a clinical trial team comprising nursing and medical members. Home visits will assess clinical and laboratory parameters of the patients. Ivermectin will be administered to the treatment group at a 400\u03bcg/Kg dose (included in the EU approved label of Stromectol and Scabioral). The control group will receive placebo. There is no current data on the efficacy of ivermectin against the virus in vivo, therefore the use of placebo in the control group is ethically justified. Primary Proportion of patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR from a nasopharyngeal swab at day 7 post-treatment. Secondary 1.Mean viral load as determined by PCR cycle threshold (Ct) at baseline and on days 4, 7, 14, and 21.2.Proportion of patients with fever and cough at days 4, 7, 14, and 21 as well as proportion of patients progressing to severe disease or death during the trial.3.Proportion of patients with seroconversion at day 21.4.Proportion of drug-related adverse events during the trial.5.Median levels of IgG, IgM, IgA measured by Luminex, frequencies of innate and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells assessed by flow cytometry, median levels of inflammatory and activation markers measured by Luminex and transcriptomics.6.Median kinetics of IgG, IgM, IgA levels during the trial, until day 28. Eligible patients will be allocated in a 1:1 ratio using a randomization list generated by the trial statistician using blocks of four to ensure balance between the groups. A study identification code with the format \"SAINT-##\" (##: from 01 to 24) will be generated using a sequence of random numbers so that the randomization number does not match the subject identifier. The sequence and code used will be kept in an encrypted file accessible only to the trial statistician. A physical copy will be kept in a locked cabinet at the CUN, accessible only to the person administering the drug who will not enrol or attend to patient care. A separate set of 24 envelopes for emergency unblinding will be kept in the study file. The clinical trial team and the patients will be blinded. The placebo will not be visibly identical, but it will be administered by staff not involved in the clinical care or participant follow up. The sample size is 24 patients: 12 participants will be randomised to the treatment group and 12 participants to the control group. Current protocol version: 1.0 dated 16 of April 2020. Recruitment is envisioned to begin by May 14th and end by June 14th. EudraCT number: 2020-001474-29, registered April 1st. Clinicaltrials.gov: submitted, pending number FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32342049, "pmcid": "PMC7183966", "title": "Pseudo acute myocardial infarction in a young COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Loghin, Catalin", "Chauhan, Siddharth", "Lawless, Sean M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342049", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 29 year old man tested positive for COVID-19 and developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). While mechanically ventilated, his electrocardiogram (EKG) showed inferior ST segment elevations, with normal serial cardiac troponin I and transthoracic echocardiograms. He was treated conservatively, with complete clinical recovery and resolution of his EKG abnormalities."}, {"pmid": 32427200, "pmcid": "PMC7229927", "title": "Visual Case DiscussionA Case of Lung Ultrasound Findings in a 73-year-old male with COVID-19.", "journal": "Vis J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Alkhafaji, Mohammed", "Ward, Theresa", "Truong, Jimmy"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427200", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406764, "title": "Monitoring for post-injection delirium/sedation syndrome with long-acting olanzapine during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Aust N Z J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Siskind, Dan", "Northwood, Korinne", "Berk, Michael", "Castle, David", "Galletly, Cherrie", "Harris, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467422, "title": "Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in a Tertiary Cardiovascular Center.", "journal": "Crit Pathw Cardiol", "authors": ["Firouzi, Ata", "Baay, Mohammadreza", "Mazayanimonfared, Azadeh", "Pouraliakbar, Hamidreza", "Sadeghipour, Parham", "Noohi, Feridoun", "Maleki, Majid", "Peighambari, Mohamad Mehdi", "Kiavar, Majid", "Abdi, Seifollah", "Maadani, Mohsen", "Shakerian, Farshad", "Zahedmehr, Ali", "Kiani, Reza", "Ansari, Mohammad Javad Alemzadeh", "Rashidinejad, Alireza", "Hosseini, Zahra"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the COVID-19 pandemic, the appropriate reperfusion strategy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is unclear. This retrospective single-center study consecutively enrolled patients who presented with STEMI and scheduled for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) during the outbreak of COVID- 19. Due to the delay in the reporting of the PCR test results, our postprocedural triage regarding COVID-19, followed by the isolation strategy, was based on lung CT scan results. Forty-eight patients with STEMI referred to our center. PPCI was done for 44 (91%) of these patients. The mean symptom-to-device time was 490.93 \u00b1 454.608 minutes, and the mean FMC-to-device time was and 154.12 \u00b1 36.27 minutes. Nine (18%) patients with STEMI were diagnosed as having typical/indeterminate features indicating COVID-19 involvement. During hospitalization, 1 (2.0%) patient died of cardiogenic shock. The study population was followed for 35.9 \u00b1 12.7 days. Two patients expired in another centers due to COVID-19. No CCL staff members were infected by COVID-19 during the study period. Our small report indicates that by taking the recommended safety measures and using appropriate PPE, we can continue PPCI as the main reperfusion strategy safely and effectively."}, {"pmid": 32356945, "pmcid": "PMC7206930", "title": "Children with Covid-19 in Pediatric Emergency Departments in Italy.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Parri, Niccolo", "Lenge, Matteo", "Buonsenso, Danilo"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356945", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337386, "pmcid": "PMC7179507", "title": "Practice considerations for proton beam radiotherapy of uveal melanoma during the COVID-19 pandemic: PTCOG Ocular experience.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Mishra, K K", "Afshar, A", "Thariat, J", "Shih, H A", "Scholey, J E", "Daftari, I K", "Kacperek, A", "Pica, A", "Hrbacek, J", "Dendale, R", "Mazal, A", "Heufelder, J", "Char, D H", "Sauerwein, W", "Weber, D C", "Damato, B E"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337386", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Uveal melanoma (UM) is a rare but life-threatening cancer of the eye. In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals and proton eye therapy facilities must analyze several factors to ensure appropriate treatment protocols for patients and provider teams. Practice considerations to limit COVID-19 transmission in the proton ocular treatment setting for UM are necessary. The Particle Therapy Co-Operative Group (PTCOG) is the largest international community of particle/proton therapy providers. Participating experts are/were affiliated with the member institutions of the PTCOG Ocular subcommittee with long-standing high-volume proton ocular programs. The practices reviewed in this document must be taken in conjunction with local hospital procedures, multidisciplinary recommendations, and regional/national guidelines, as each community may have its unique needs, supplies, and protocols. Importantly, as the pandemic evolves, so will the strategies and recommendations. Given the unique circumstances for UM patients, along with indications of potential ophthalmologic transmission as a result of healthcare providers working in close proximity to patients and intrinsic infectious risk from eyelashes, tears and hair, practice strategies may be adapted to reduce the risk of viral transmission. Certainly, providers and health care systems will continue to examine and provide as safe and effective care as possible for patients in the current environment."}, {"pmid": 32412150, "pmcid": "PMC7272911", "title": "COVID-19 and Indigenous Peoples: An imperative for action.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Power, Tamara", "Wilson, Denise", "Best, Odette", "Brockie, Teresa", "Bourque Bearskin, Lisa", "Millender, Eugenia", "Lowe, John"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412150", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503621, "pmcid": "PMC7274512", "title": "Angiotensin II administration to COVID-19 patients is not advisable.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Speth, Robert C"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503621", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32162858, "title": "[Epidemiological investigation on a cluster epidemic of COVID-19 in a collective workplace in Tianjin].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Y", "Su, X", "Chen, W", "Fei, C N", "Guo, L R", "Wu, X L", "Zhou, N", "Guo, Y T", "Dong, X C", "Zhao, Y", "Wang, H W", "Pan, Y", "Zuo, L J"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162858", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate and analysis the epidemiological characteristics of a cluster epidemic of COIVD-19 in a collective workplace in Tianjin, evduate the prevention and control measures based on limited evidence and experience in early period of COVID-19 epidemic. Methods: Descriptive research method was used to describe the distribution and other epidemiological characteristics of the cluster cases of COVID-19. Results: Since the onset of the first index case on January 15, ten confirmed COVID-19 cases had occurred in the workplace, and the epidemic had spread from the workplace to 4 families, infecting 7 family members. The median age of 17 cases was 55 (19-79) years. All the 10 employee cases were males, and in the family cases, 3 were males and 4 were females. Of the employee cases, 8 worked in CW workshop and 2 worked in administrative office building. The median exposure-onset interval of all the cases was 4 days, and the median exposure-onset interval was 4.5 days in the employee cases and 4 days in the family cases. The median onset-medical care seeking interval was 4 days in the non-isolated cases, 2.5 days in the cases with home isolation after onset, and 0.5 day in the cases with home isolation before onset. Conclusions: The clustering of COVID-19 cases was observed in this workplace in Tianjin, which affected 4 families. In the early stage of the epidemic, accurate and rapid blocking and control measures can completely prevent the large-scale spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32507122, "title": "Feedback to Prepare EMS Teams to Manage Infected Patients with COVID-19: A Case Series.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Ghazali, Daniel Aiham", "Ouersighni, Amina", "Gay, Matthieu", "Audebault, Virginie", "Pavlovsky, Thomas", "Casalino, Enrique"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507122", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a new respiratory disease, is spreading globally. In France, Emergency Medical Service (EMS) teams are mobile medicalized resuscitation teams composed of emergency physician, nurse or anesthesiologist nurse, ambulance driver, and resident. Four types of clinical cases are presented here because they have led these EMS teams to change practices in their management of patients suspected of COVID-19 infection: cardiac arrest, hypoxia on an acute pneumonia, acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation with respiratory and hemodynamic disorders, and upper function disorders in a patient in a long-term care facility. The last case raised the question of COVID-19 cases with atypical forms in elderly subjects. Providers were contaminated during the management of these patients. These cases highlighted the need to review the way these EMS teams are responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, in view of heightening potential for early identification of suspicious cases, and of reinforcing the application of staff protection equipment to limit risk of contamination."}, {"pmid": 32517353, "title": "Silibinin and SARS-CoV-2: Dual Targeting of Host Cytokine Storm and Virus Replication Machinery for Clinical Management of COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Bosch-Barrera, Joaquim", "Martin-Castillo, Begona", "Buxo, Maria", "Brunet, Joan", "Encinar, Jose Antonio", "Menendez, Javier A"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517353", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the illness caused by infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is a rapidly spreading global pandemic in urgent need of effective treatments. Here we present a comprehensive examination of the host- and virus-targeted functions of the flavonolignan silibinin, a potential drug candidate against COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2. As a direct inhibitor of STAT3-a master checkpoint regulator of inflammatory cytokine signaling and immune response-silibinin might be expected to phenotypically integrate the mechanisms of action of IL-6-targeted monoclonal antibodies and pan-JAK1/2 inhibitors to limit the cytokine storm and T-cell lymphopenia in the clinical setting of severe COVID-19. As a computationally predicted, remdesivir-like inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp)-the central component of the replication/transcription machinery of SARS-CoV-2-silibinin is expected to reduce viral load and impede delayed interferon responses. The dual ability of silibinin to target both the host cytokine storm and the virus replication machinery provides a strong rationale for the clinical testing of silibinin against the COVID-19 global public health emergency. A randomized, open-label, phase II multicentric clinical trial (SIL-COVID19) will evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of silibinin in the prevention of acute respiratory distress syndrome in moderate-to-severe COVID-19-positive onco-hematological patients at the Catalan Institute of Oncology in Catalonia, Spain."}, {"pmid": 32292297, "pmcid": "PMC7141476", "title": "Leading on the Edge of Insanity.", "journal": "Nurse Lead", "authors": ["Trepanier, Sylvain"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292297", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has officially consumed every nurse leader's time and efforts. The purpose of this article is to share early learnings from the west coast of the United States, where the first U.S case was cared for. In this article, I describe the emerging principles allowing us to respond to an unprecedented crisis: Prevent, Protect, and Control. By the time this crisis is over, I do not doubt that we will have additional science and experience to support our frontline nurses and our nurse leaders. That said, I felt it was important to share our expertise in real-time for others to benefit from. I would also point out that writing about what you are feeling is cathartic-I encourage my colleagues to join me in writing about what you are experiencing."}, {"pmid": 32304386, "pmcid": "PMC7188067", "title": "Managing a Specialty Service During the COVID-19 Crisis: Lessons From a New York City Health System.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Ammar, Adam", "Stock, Ariel D", "Holland, Ryan", "Gelfand, Yaroslav", "Altschul, David"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304386", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has stretched health care resources to a point of crisis throughout the world. To answer the call for care, health care workers in a diverse range of specialties are being retasked to care for patients with COVID-19. Consequently, specialty services have had to adapt to decreased staff available for coverage coupled with a need to remain available for specialty-specific emergencies, which now require a dynamic definition. In this Invited Commentary, the authors describe their experiences and share lessons learned regarding triage of patients, staff safety, workforce management, and the psychological impact as they have adapted to a new reality in the Department of Neurosurgery at Montefiore Medical Center, a COVID-19 hotspot in New York City."}, {"pmid": 32276848, "pmcid": "PMC7141453", "title": "Prolonged viral shedding in feces of pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Xing, Yu-Han", "Ni, Wei", "Wu, Qin", "Li, Wen-Jie", "Li, Guo-Ju", "Wang, Wen-Di", "Tong, Jian-Ning", "Song, Xiu-Feng", "Wing-Kin Wong, Gary", "Xing, Quan-Sheng"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276848", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the dynamic changes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in respiratory and fecal specimens in children with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). From January 17, 2020 to February 23, 2020, three paediatric cases of COVID-19 were reported in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment data were collected. Patients were followed up to March 10, 2020, and dynamic profiles of nucleic acid testing results in throat swabs and fecal specimens were closely monitored. Clearance of SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory tract occurred within two weeks after abatement of fever, whereas viral RNA remained detectable in stools of pediatric patients for longer than 4 weeks. Two children had fecal SARS-CoV-2 undetectable 20 days after throat swabs showing negative, while that of another child lagged behind for 8 days. SARS-CoV-2 may exist in children's gastrointestinal tract for a longer time than respiratory system. Persistent shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in stools of infected children raises the possibility that the virus might be transmitted through contaminated fomites. Massive efforts should be made at all levels to prevent spreading of the infection among children after reopening of kindergartens and schools."}, {"pmid": 32300212, "title": "How is biomedical research funding faring during the COVID-19 lockdown?", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Webster, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300212", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32112336, "pmcid": "PMC7090695", "title": "Management strategies of neonatal jaundice during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Ma, Xiao-Lu", "Chen, Zheng", "Zhu, Jia-Jun", "Shen, Xiao-Xia", "Wu, Ming-Yuan", "Shi, Li-Ping", "Du, Li-Zhong", "Fu, Jun-Fen", "Shu, Qiang"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112336", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV) has become a most challenging health emergency. Owing to rigorous quarantine and control measures taken in China, routine neonatal health surveillance and follow-up have\u00a0become challenging. Without follow-up surveillance, some rapid\u00a0and progressive newborn diseases, such as bilirubin encephalopathy, may be ignored. The characteristics of onset age of kernicterus suggest that monitoring of bilirubin level at home provides a useful way to alert hospital visits and to\u00a0prevent the development of extremely hyperbilirubinemia. Therefore, we developed an online follow-up program for convenient monitoring of\u00a0bilirubin level of newborns\u00a0that is based on our practical experiences. The aim is to make our management strategies of neonatal jaundice tailored to the infection prevention and control during the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32527915, "title": "Graduating in lockdown.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527915", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fabian Rivers, recent graduate rep on BVA Council, spares a thought for those graduating during the Covid-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32396143, "title": "Clinical and laboratory findings from patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Babol North of Iran: a retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Rom J Intern Med", "authors": ["Javanian, Mostafa", "Bayani, Masomeh", "Shokri, Mehran", "Sadeghi-Haddad-Zavareh, Mahmoud", "Babazadeh, Arefeh", "Yeganeh, Babak", "Mohseni, Sima", "Mehraein, Raheleh", "Sepidarkish, Mahdi", "Bijani, Ali", "Rostami, Ali", "Shahbazi, Mehdi", "Tabari, Afrooz Monadi", "Shabani, Asieh", "Masrour-Roudsari, Jila", "Hasanpour, Amir Hossein", "Gholinejad, Hossein Emam", "Ghorbani, Hossein", "Ebrahimpour, Soheil"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396143", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December, 2019, China, has experienced an outbreak of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Coronavirus has now spread to all of the continents. We aimed to consider clinical characteristics, laboratory data of COVID-19 that provided more information for the research of this novel virus. We performed a retrospective cohort study on the clinical symptoms and laboratory findings of a series of the 100 confirmed patients with COVID-19. These patients were admitted to the hospitals affiliated to Babol University of Medical Sciences (Ayatollah Rohani, Shahid Beheshti and Yahyanejad hospitals) form 25 February 2020 to 12 March 2020. Nineteen patients died during hospitalization and 81 were discharged. Non-survivor patients had a significantly higher C-reactive protein (CRP) (MD: 46.37, 95% CI: 20.84, 71.90; P= 0.001), white blood cells (WBCs) (MD: 3.10, 95% CI: 1.53, 4.67; P< 0.001) and lower lymphocyte (MD: -8.75, 95% CI: -12.62, -4.87; P< 0.001) compared to survivor patients Data analysis showed that comorbid conditions (aRR: 2.99, 95%CI: 1.09, 8.21, P= 0.034), higher CRP levels (aRR: 1.02, 95%CI: 1.01, 1.03, P= 0.044), and lower lymphocyte (aRR: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.73, 0.93, P= 0.003) were associated with increased risk of death. Based on our findings, most non-survivors are elderly with comorbidities. Lymphopenia and increased levels of WBCs along with elevated CRP were associated with increased risk of death. Therefore, it is best to be regularly assessed these markers during treatment of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32294152, "pmcid": "PMC7169475", "title": "Clinician Education and Adoption of Preventive Measures for COVID-19: A Survey of a Convenience Sample of General Practitioners in Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Fiorino, Gionata", "Colombo, Matteo", "Natale, Carmela", "Azzolini, Elena", "Lagioia, Michele", "Danese, Silvio"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294152", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361118, "title": "A spatio-temporal analysis for exploring the effect of temperature on COVID-19 early evolution in Spain.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Briz-Redon, Alvaro", "Serrano-Aroca, Angel"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361118", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, which causes the COVID-19 disease, was reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. This new pathogen has spread rapidly around more than 200 countries, in which Spain has one of the world's highest mortality rates so far. Previous studies have supported an epidemiological hypothesis that weather conditions may affect the survival and spread of droplet-mediated viral diseases. However, some contradictory studies have also been reported in the same research line. In addition, many of these studies have been performed considering only meteorological factors, which can limit the reliability of the results. Herein, we report a spatio-temporal analysis for exploring the effect of daily temperature (mean, minimum and maximum) on the accumulated number of COVID-19 cases in the provinces of Spain. Non-meteorological factors such as population density, population by age, number of travellers and number of companies have also been considered for the analysis. No evidence suggesting a reduction in COVID-19 cases at warmer mean, minimum and maximum temperatures has been found. Nevertheless, these results need to be interpreted cautiously given the existing uncertainty about COVID-19 data, and should not be extrapolated to temperature ranges other than those analysed here for the early evolution period."}, {"pmid": 32441373, "pmcid": "PMC7267127", "title": "Will teledermatology be the silver lining during and after COVID-19?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Sharma, Aseem", "Jindal, Veenu", "Singla, Palvi", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Mhatre, Madhulika"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441373", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has limited traditional consultation and minimized health care access. Teledermatology (TD) has come to the rescue in this situation by extending consultation for nonessential conditions to the comfort of patient's homes. This limits the risk of exposure of both doctors and patients to the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). And while there is a reported increase in teleconsultations during the ongoing pandemic, there are some demerits that avert the shift to virtualized health care. The authors conducted an online survey to further understand the hesitancy, limitations, merits, and the demographic of dermatologists who were conducive to TD and these data were analyzed and presented in this article. While TD might never replace physical consultation, it definitely serves an adjunctive role in the post-COVID era, provided adequate regulatory measures are in place."}, {"pmid": 32389720, "pmcid": "PMC7204663", "title": "Excessive lysosomal ion-trapping of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Derendorf, Hartmut"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389720", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent report identified significant reductions or disappearance of viral load in COVID-19 patients given a combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin. The present communication discusses some common pharmacokinetic properties of these two drugs that may be linked to a potential underlying mechanism of action for these antiviral effects. The physicochemical properties of both hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin are consistent with particularly high affinity for the intracellular lysosomal space, which has been implicated as a target site for antiviral activity. The properties of both drugs predict dramatic accumulation in lysosomes, with calculated lysosomal drug concentrations that exceed cytosolic and extracellular concentrations by more than 50\u00a0000-fold. These predictions are consistent with previously reported experimentally measured cellular and extracellular concentrations of azithromycin. This is also reflected in the very large volumes of distribution of these drugs, which are among the highest of all drugs currently in use. The combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin produces very high local concentrations in lysosomes. The clinical significance of this observation is unclear; however, the magnitude of this mechanism of drug accumulation via ion-trapping in lysosomes could be an important factor for the pharmacodynamic effects of this drug combination."}, {"pmid": 32447629, "pmcid": "PMC7245573", "title": "COVID-19 and NSAIDS: A Narrative Review of Knowns and Unknowns.", "journal": "Pain Ther", "authors": ["Pergolizzi, Joseph V Jr", "Varrassi, Giustino", "Magnusson, Peter", "LeQuang, Jo Ann", "Paladini, Antonella", "Taylor, Robert", "Wollmuth, Charles", "Breve, Frank", "Christo, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447629", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Concern about the appropriate role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in COVID-19 speculate that NSAIDs, in particular ibuprofen, may upregulate the entry point for the virus, the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)\u00a02 receptors and increase susceptibility to the virus or worsen symptoms in existing disease. Adverse outcomes with COVID-19 have been linked to cytokine storm but the most effective way to address exaggerated inflammatory response is complex and unclear. The Expert Working Group on the Commission of Human Medicines in the UK and other organizations have stated that there is insufficient evidence to establish a link between ibuprofen and susceptibility to or exacerbation of COVID-19. NSAID use must also be categorized by whether the drugs are relatively low-dose over-the-counter oral products taken occasionally versus higher-dose or parenteral NSAIDs. Even if evidence emerged arguing for or against NSAIDs in this setting, it is unclear if this evidence would apply to all NSAIDs at all doses in all dosing regimens. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) has been proposed as an alternative to NSAIDs but there are issues with liver toxicity at high doses. There are clearly COVID-19 cases where NSAIDs should not be used, but there is no strong evidence that NSAIDs must be avoided in all patients with COVID-19; clinicians must weigh these choices on an individual basis."}, {"pmid": 32248675, "title": "Critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Hong Kong: a multicentre retrospective observational cohort study", "journal": "Crit Care Resusc", "authors": ["Ling, Lowell", "So, Christina", "Shum, Hoi Ping", "Chan, Paul K S", "Lai, Christopher K C", "Kandamby, Darshana H", "Ho, Eunise", "So, Dominic", "Yan, Wing Wa", "Lui, Grace", "Leung, Wai Shing", "Chan, Man Chun", "Gomersall, Charles D"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248675", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report the first eight cases of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hong Kong, describing the treatments and supportive care they received and their 28-day outcomes. Multicentre retrospective observational cohort study. Three multidisciplinary intensive care units (ICUs) in Hong Kong. All adult critically ill patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to ICUs in Hong Kong between 22 January and 11 February 2020. 28-day mortality. Eight out of 49 patients with COVID-19 (16%) were admitted to Hong Kong ICUs during the study period. The median age was 64.5 years (range, 42\u201370) with a median admission Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score of 6 (IQR, 4\u20137). Six patients (75%) required mechanical ventilation, six patients (75%) required vasopressors and two (25%) required renal replacement therapy. None of the patients required prone ventilation, nitric oxide or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The median times to shock reversal and extubation were 9 and 11 days respectively. At 28 days, one patient (12%) had died and the remaining seven (88%) all survived to ICU discharge. Only one of the survivors (14%) still required oxygen at 28 days. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 often require a moderate duration of mechanical ventilation and vasopressor support. Most of these patients recover and survive to ICU discharge with supportive care using lung protective ventilation strategies, avoiding excess fluids, screening and treating bacterial co-infection, and timely intubation. Lower rather than upper respiratory tract viral burden correlates with clinical severity of illness."}, {"pmid": 32347054, "title": "[Strategies for vaccine development of COVID-19].", "journal": "Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao", "authors": ["Yang, Limin", "Tian, Deyu", "Liu, Wenjun"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347054", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in humans, which appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019, was caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). This disease was named as \"Coronavirus Disease 2019\" (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 was first identified as an etiological pathogen of COVID-19, belonging to the species of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoV). The speed of both the geographical transmission and the sudden increase in numbers of cases is much faster than SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). COVID-19 is the first global pandemic caused by a coronavirus, which outbreaks in 211 countries/territories/areas. The vaccine against COVID-19, regarded as an effective prophylactic strategy for control and prevention, is being developed in about 90 institutions worldwide. The experiences and lessons encountered in the previous SARS and MERS vaccine research can be used for reference in the development of COVID-19 vaccine. The present paper hopes to provide some insights for COVID-19 vaccines researchers."}, {"pmid": 32299993, "title": "Covid-19 has changed how we teach students.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Bowen, Mark"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299993", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458250, "pmcid": "PMC7249978", "title": "Keep \"time is brain,\" even in the crisis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Kwon, Doo Hyuk", "Kim, Keun Tae"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458250", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32085839, "pmcid": "PMC7129426", "title": "Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Chen, Qiongni", "Liang, Mining", "Li, Yamin", "Guo, Jincai", "Fei, Dongxue", "Wang, Ling", "He, Li", "Sheng, Caihua", "Cai, Yiwen", "Li, Xiaojuan", "Wang, Jianjian", "Zhang, Zhanzhou"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32085839", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354253, "title": "A New Video Tumorial by Young Cancer Patients Dedicated to COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown (Re: J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol. [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2020.0008).", "journal": "J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol", "authors": ["Ferrari, Andrea", "Silva, Matteo", "Pagani Bagliacca, Elena", "Veneroni, Laura", "Signoroni, Stefano", "Massimino, Maura"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354253", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the video tutorials created a few months ago and published in the Journal of Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology, Milan's Youth Project young cancer patients decided to record another video: a \"special issue\" dedicated to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The video addresses critical issues of the social isolation imposed by the lockdown and the fear the patients face in addition to their actual worries related to the disease. When many people across the world are forced to social distance for the imposed lockdown, the positive attitude and the advice of young cancer patients who experience social isolation regularly may be of great support and a fine example."}, {"pmid": 32282225, "title": "Reperfusion of STEMI in the COVID-19 Era - Business as Usual?", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Daniels, Matthew J", "Cohen, Mauricio G", "Bavry, Anthony A", "Kumbhani, Dharam J"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282225", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533990, "title": "Is Metformin ahead in the race as a repurposed host-directed therapy for patients with diabetes and COVID-19?", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Kumar Singh, Awadhesh", "Singh, Ritu"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533990", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406283, "title": "A survey of psoriasis patients on biologics during COVID-19: a single centre experience.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Burlando, Martina", "Carmisciano, Luca", "Cozzani, Emanuele", "Parodi, Aurora"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406283", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501806, "title": "How COVID-19 public interest in the United States fluctuated: A Google Trends Analysis.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Husain, Iltifat", "Briggs, Blake", "Lefebvre, Cedric", "Cline, David M", "Stopyra, Jason P", "O'Brien, Mary Claire", "Vaithi, Ramupriya", "Gilmore, Scott", "Countryman, Chase"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501806", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the absence of vaccines and established treatments, nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) are fundamental tools to control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission. NPIs require public interest in order to be successful. In the United States, there is a lack of published research on the factors that influenced public interest in COVID-19. Using Google Trends, we examined the US level of public interest in COVID-19 and how it correlated to testing and other countries. To determine how public interest in COVID-19 in the US changed over time and the key factors driving this change, such as testing. US COVID-19 public interest was compared to countries that have been more successful in their containment and mitigation strategies. In this retrospective study, Google Trends was used to analyze the volume of internet searches within the US relating to COVID-19, focusing on dates between December 31, 2019 to March 24, 2020. Volume of internet searches related to COVID-19 was compared to other countries. Within the US throughout January and February 2020, there was limited search interest in COVID-19. Interest declined for the first 21 days of February. A similar decline was seen in geographical regions that were later found to be experiencing undetected community transmission in February. Between March 9 and March 12, there was a rapid rise in search interest. This rise in search interest was positively correlated with the rise of positive tests for SARS-CoV-2 (6.3, 95% CI -2.9 to 9.7; P\u2009<.001). Within the US, it took 52 days for search interest to rise substantially from first positive case; in countries with more successful outbreak control it took less than 15 days. Containment and mitigation strategies require public interest in order for them to be successful. The initial US level of COVID-19 public interest was limited, and even fell during a time when containment and mitigation strategies were being put in place. A lack of US public interest in COVID-19 existed when containment and mitigation policies were in place. Based on our analysis, it is clear policy makers need to develop novel methods of communicating COVID-19 public health initiatives. "}, {"pmid": 32362641, "title": "Ethics preparedness for infectious disease outbreaks research in India: A case for novel coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Mathur, Roli"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362641", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32191689, "title": "Initial Investigation of Transmission of COVID-19 Among Crew Members During Quarantine of a Cruise Ship - Yokohama, Japan, February 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Kakimoto, Kensaku", "Kamiya, Hajime", "Yamagishi, Takuya", "Matsui, Tamano", "Suzuki, Motoi", "Wakita, Takaji"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191689", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among passengers and crew on a cruise ship led to quarantine of approximately 3,700 passengers and crew that began on February 3, 2020, and lasted for nearly 4 weeks at the Port of Yokohama, Japan (1). By February 9, 20 cases had occurred among the ship's crew members. By the end of quarantine, approximately 700 cases of COVID-19 had been laboratory-confirmed among passengers and crew. This report describes findings from the initial phase of the cruise ship investigation into COVID-19 cases among crew members during February 4-12, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32114744, "title": "[Pregnancy with new coronavirus infection: clinical characteristics and placental pathological analysis of three cases].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, S", "Huang, B", "Luo, D J", "Li, X", "Yang, F", "Zhao, Y", "Nie, X", "Huang, B X"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114744", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and placental pathology of 2019-nCoV infection in pregnancy,and to evaluate intrauterine vertical transmission potential of 2019-nCoV infection. Methods: The placentas delivered from pregnant women with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection which were received in the Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology by February 4, 2020 were retrospectively studied. Their clinical material including placental tissue and lung CT, and laboratory results were collected, meanwhile, nucleic acid detection of 2019-nCoV of the placentas were performed by RT-PCR. Results: Three placentas delivered from pregnant women with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection, who were all in their third trimester with emergency caesarean section. All of the three patients presented with fever (one before caesarean and two in postpartum), and had no significant leukopenia and lymphopenia. Neonatal throat swabs from three newborns were tested for 2019-nCoV, and all samples were negative for the nucleic acid of 2019-nCoV. One premature infant was transferred to Department of Neonatology due to low birth weight. By the end of February 25, 2020, none of the three patients developed severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia or died(two patients had been cured and discharged, while another one had been transferred to a square cabin hospital for isolation treatment). There were various degrees of fibrin deposition inside and around the villi with local syncytial nodule increases in all three placentas. One case of placenta showed the concomitant morphology of chorionic hemangioma and another one with massive placental infarction. No pathological change of villitis and chorioamnionitis was observed in our observation of three cases. All samples from three placentas were negative for the nucleic acid of 2019-nCoV. Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of pregnant women with 2019-nCoV infection in late pregnancy are similar to those of non-pregnant patients, and no severe adverse pregnancy outcome is found in the 3 cases of our observation. Pathological study suggests that there are no morphological changes related to infection in the three placentas. Currently no evidence for intrauterine vertical transmission of 2019-nCoV is found in the three women infected by 2019-nCoV in their late pregnancy."}, {"pmid": 32456846, "pmcid": "PMC7242955", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes: The why, the what and the how.", "journal": "J Diabetes Complications", "authors": ["Cuschieri, Sarah", "Grech, Stephan"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456846", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has taken the world by storm. Alongside COVID-19, diabetes is a long-standing global epidemic. The diabetes population has been reported to suffer adverse outcomes if infected by COVID-19. The aim was to summarise information and resources available on diabetes and COVID-19, highlighting special measures that individuals with diabetes need to follow. A search using keywords \"COVID-19\" and \"Diabetes\" was performed using different sources, including PubMed and World Health Organization. COVID-19 may enhance complications in individuals with diabetes through an imbalance in angiotension-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activation pathways leading to an inflammatory response. ACE2 imbalance in the pancreas causes acute \u03b2-cell dysfunction and a resultant hyperglycemic state. These individuals may be prone to worsened COVID-19 complications including vasculopathy, coagulopathy as well as psychological stress. Apart from general preventive measures, remaining hydrated, monitoring blood glucose regularly and monitoring ketone bodies in urine if on insulin is essential. All this while concurrently maintaining physical activity and a healthy diet. Different supporting entities are being set up to help this population. COVID-19 is a top priority. It is important to remember that a substantial proportion of the world's population is affected by other co-morbidities such as diabetes. These require special attention during this pandemic to avoid adding on to the burden of countries' healthcare systems."}, {"pmid": 32340389, "pmcid": "PMC7231030", "title": "Putative Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease from A Library of Marine Natural Products: A Virtual Screening and Molecular Modeling Study.", "journal": "Mar Drugs", "authors": ["Gentile, Davide", "Patamia, Vincenzo", "Scala, Angela", "Sciortino, Maria Teresa", "Piperno, Anna", "Rescifina, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340389", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current emergency due to the worldwide spread of the COVID-19 caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a great concern for global public health. Already in the past, the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012 demonstrates the potential of coronaviruses to cross-species borders and further underlines the importance of identifying new-targeted drugs. An ideal antiviral agent should target essential proteins involved in the lifecycle of SARS-CoV. Currently, some HIV protease inhibitors (i.e., Lopinavir) are proposed for the treatment of COVID-19, although their effectiveness has not yet been assessed. The main protease (Mpr) provides a highly validated pharmacological target for the discovery and design of inhibitors. We identified potent Mpr inhibitors employing computational techniques that entail the screening of a Marine Natural Product (MNP) library. MNP library was screened by a hyphenated pharmacophore model, and molecular docking approaches. Molecular dynamics and re-docking further confirmed the results obtained by structure-based techniques and allowed this study to highlight some crucial aspects. Seventeen potential SARS-CoV-2 Mpr inhibitors have been identified among the natural substances of marine origin. As these compounds were extensively validated by a consensus approach and by molecular dynamics, the likelihood that at least one of these compounds could be bioactive is excellent."}, {"pmid": 32047312, "title": "Coronavirus: why a permanent ban on wildlife trade might not work in China.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ribeiro, Joana", "Bingre, Pedro", "Strubbe, Diederik", "Reino, Luis"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32047312", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32149773, "pmcid": "PMC7147272", "title": "Effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapy in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019: protocol of a randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Qin, Yuan-Yuan", "Zhou, Yi-Hong", "Lu, Yan-Qiu", "Sun, Feng", "Yang, Sen", "Harypursat, Vijay", "Chen, Yao-Kai"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149773", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus outbreak causative organism has been subsequently designated the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The effectiveness of adjunctive glucocorticoid therapy in the management of 2019-nCoV-infected patients with severe lower respiratory tract infections is not clear, and warrants further investigation. The present study will be conducted as an open-labeled, randomized, controlled trial. We will enrol 48 subjects from Chongqing Public Health Medical Center. Each eligible subject will be assigned to an intervention group (methylprednisolone via intravenous injection at a dose of 1-2 mg/kg/day for 3 days) or a control group (no glucocorticoid use) randomly, at a 1:1 ratio. Subjects in both groups will be invited for 28 days of follow-up which will be scheduled at four consecutive visit points. We will use the clinical improvement rate as our primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints include the timing of clinical improvement after intervention, duration of mechanical ventilation, duration of hospitalization, overall incidence of adverse events, as well as rate of adverse events at each visit, and mortality at 2 and 4 weeks. The present coronavirus outbreak is the third serious global coronavirus outbreak in the past two decades. Oral and parenteral glucocorticoids have been used in the management of severe respiratory symptoms in coronavirus-infected patients in the past. However, there remains no definitive evidence in the literature for or against the utilization of systemic glucocorticoids in seriously ill patients with coronavirus-related severe respiratory disease, or indeed in other types of severe respiratory disease. In this study, we hope to discover evidence either supporting or opposing the systemic therapeutic administration of glucocorticoids in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019. ClinicalTrials.gov, ChiCTR2000029386, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=48777."}, {"pmid": 32441336, "title": "Participating in telehealth is a complex occupation.", "journal": "Aust Occup Ther J", "authors": ["Pereira, Robert B"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240756, "pmcid": "PMC7271287", "title": "Telemedicine in the Time of Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Calton, Brook", "Abedini, Nauzley", "Fratkin, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240756", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Within weeks, COVID-19 has transformed our practice of palliative care and clinical medicine as we know it. Telemedicine has emerged as a critical technology to bring medical care to patients while attempting to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 among patients, families, and clinicians. It is also increasingly necessary to preserve scarce resources like personal protective equipment. In this article, we share just-in-time tips to support palliative care clinicians and program leaders in providing the best care possible by telemedicine. These quick, practical tips cover telemedicine setup, patient considerations, and clinician considerations. Next steps include ensuring equitable access to affordable telemedicine technology for vulnerable populations through creative solutions and financing, and dedicated attention to telemedicine evaluation and quality improvement."}, {"pmid": 32443943, "pmcid": "PMC7248684", "title": "Time for a Change: Personal Experiences With COVID-19 and Diabetes.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Best, Frank"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443943", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Personal experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32382152, "title": "Possible consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of biospecimens from cancer biobanks for research in academia and bioindustry.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Hofman, Paul", "Puchois, Pascal", "Brest, Patrick", "Lahlou, Hicham", "Simeon-Dubach, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382152", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387139, "pmcid": "PMC7200379", "title": "A Dual-Center Observational Review of Hospital-Based Palliative Care in Patients Dying With COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Turner, Jennifer", "Eliot Hodgson, Luke", "Leckie, Todd", "Eade, Lisa", "Ford-Dunn, Suzanne"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387139", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put significant strain on all aspects of health care delivery, including palliative care services. Given the high mortality from this disease, particularly in the more vulnerable members of society, it is important to examine how best to deliver a high standard of end-of-life care during this crisis. This case series collected data from two acute hospitals examining the management of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who subsequently died (n\u00a0=\u00a036) and compared this with national and local end-of-life audit data for all other deaths. Our results demonstrated a shorter dying phase (38.25\u00a0hours vs. 74\u00a0hours) and higher rates of syringe driver use (72% vs. 33% in local audits), although with similar average mediation doses. Of note was the significant heterogeneity in the phenotype of deterioration in the dying phase, two distinct patterns emerged, with one group demonstrating severe illness with a short interval between symptom onset and death and another group presenting with a more protracted deterioration. This brief report suggests a spectrum of mode of dying. Overall, the cohort reflects previously described experiences, with increased frailty (median Clinical Frailty Scale score of 5) and extensive comorbidity burden. This brief report provides clinicians with a contemporaneous overview of our experience, knowledge, and pattern recognition when caring for people with COVID-19 and highlights the value of proactive identification of patients and risk of deterioration and palliation."}, {"pmid": 32398170, "pmcid": "PMC7262110", "title": "Critical care transport in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Tien, Homer", "Sawadsky, Bruce", "Lewell, Michael", "Peddle, Michael", "Durham, Wade"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398170", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Critical care transport organizations are nimble, operationally focused institutions that can aid in managing crises. Ornge provides air ambulance and critical care transport services to Ontario. From 12 bases, Ornge operates four PC-12 Next Generation fixed wing (FW) aircraft, eight AW-139 rotary wing (RW) aircraft, and four critical care land ambulances (CCLA) on a 24/7 basis. Ornge also contracts with private air carriers to provide lower acuity air ambulance services. Ornge performs over 20,000 patient-related transports annually. We discuss Ornge's approach to preparing for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and identify potential unconventional roles."}, {"pmid": 32395606, "pmcid": "PMC7211761", "title": "Molecular docking and dynamic simulations for antiviral compounds against SARS-CoV-2: A computational study.", "journal": "Inform Med Unlocked", "authors": ["Peele, K Abraham", "Chandrasai, P", "Srihansa, T", "Krupanidhi, S", "Sai, A Vijaya", "Babu, D John", "Indira, M", "Reddy, A Ranganadha", "Venkateswarulu, T C"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395606", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to develop an appropriate anti-viral drug against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. An immediately qualifying strategy would be to use existing powerful drugs from various virus treatments. The strategy in virtual screening of antiviral databases for possible therapeutic effect would be to identify promising drug molecules, as there is currently no vaccine or treatment approved against COVID-19. Targeting the main protease (pdb id: 6LU7) is gaining importance in anti-CoV drug design. In this conceptual context, an attempt has been made to suggest an in silico computational relationship between US-FDA approved drugs, plant-derived natural drugs, and Coronavirus main protease (6LU7) protein. The evaluation of results was made based on Glide (Schr\u00f6dinger) dock score. Out of 62 screened compounds, the best docking scores with the targets were found for compounds: lopinavir, amodiaquine, and theaflavin digallate (TFDG). Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation study was also performed for 20 ns to confirm the stability behaviour of the main protease and inhibitor complexes. The MD simulation study validated the stability of three compounds in the protein binding pocket as potent binders."}, {"pmid": 32127126, "pmcid": "PMC7055041", "title": "Latest assessment on COVID-19 from the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC).", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Eurosurveillance Editorial Team"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127126", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348380, "pmcid": "PMC7176069", "title": "Trends and Prediction in Daily New Cases and Deaths of COVID-19 in the United States: An Internet Search-Interest Based Model.", "journal": "Explor Res Hypothesis Med", "authors": ["Yuan, Xiaoling", "Xu, Jie", "Hussain, Sabiha", "Wang, He", "Gao, Nan", "Zhang, Lanjing"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348380", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The daily incidence and deaths of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the USA are poorly understood. Internet search interest was found to be correlated with COVID-19 daily incidence in China, but has not yet been applied to the USA. Therefore, we examined the association of internet search-interest with COVID-19 daily incidence and deaths in the USA. We extracted COVID-19 daily new cases and deaths in the USA from two population-based datasets, namely 1-point-3-acres.com and the Johns Hopkins COVID-19 data repository. The internet search-interest of COVID-19-related terms was obtained using Google Trends. The Pearson correlation test and general linear model were used to examine correlations and predict trends, respectively. There were 636,282 new cases and,325 deaths of COVID-19 in the USA from March 1 to April 15, 2020, with a crude mortality of 4.45%. The daily new cases peaked at 35,098 cases on April 10, 2020 and the daily deaths peaked at 2,494 on April 15, 2020. The search interest of COVID, \"COVID pneumonia\" and \"COVID heart\" were correlated with COVID-19 daily incidence, with 12 or 14 days of delay (Pearson's r = 0.978, 0.978 and 0.979, respectively) and deaths with 19 days of delay (Pearson's r = 0.963, 0.958 and 0.970, respectively). The 7-day follow-up with prospectively collected data showed no significant correlations of the observed data with the predicted daily new cases or daily deaths, using search interest of COVID, COVID heart, and COVID pneumonia. Search terms related to COVID-19 are highly correlated with the COVID-19 daily new cases and deaths in the USA."}, {"pmid": 32271724, "pmcid": "PMC7147906", "title": "Rapid Sentinel Surveillance for COVID-19 - Santa Clara County, California, March 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Zwald, Marissa L", "Lin, Wen", "Sondermeyer Cooksey, Gail L", "Weiss, Charles", "Suarez, Angela", "Fischer, Marc", "Bonin, Brandon J", "Jain, Seema", "Langley, Gayle E", "Park, Benjamin J", "Moulia, Danielle", "Benedict, Rory", "Nguyen, Nang", "Han, George S"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271724", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On February 27, 2020, the Santa Clara County Public Health Department (SCCPHD) identified its first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated with probable community transmission (i.e., infection among persons without a known exposure by travel or close contact with a patient with confirmed COVID-19). At the time the investigation began, testing guidance recommended focusing on persons with clinical findings of lower respiratory illness and travel to an affected area or an epidemiologic link to a laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case, or on persons hospitalized for severe respiratory disease and no alternative diagnosis (1). To rapidly understand the extent of COVID-19 in the community, SCCPHD, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), and CDC began sentinel surveillance in Santa Clara County. During March 5-14, 2020, four urgent care centers in Santa Clara County participated as sentinel sites. For this investigation, county residents evaluated for respiratory symptoms (e.g., fever, cough, or shortness of breath) who had no known risk for COVID-19 were identified at participating urgent care centers. A convenience sample of specimens that tested negative for influenza virus was tested for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Among 226 patients who met the inclusion criteria, 23% had positive test results for influenza. Among patients who had negative test results for influenza, 79 specimens were tested for SARS-CoV-2, and 11% had evidence of infection. This sentinel surveillance system helped confirm community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Santa Clara County. As a result of these data and an increasing number of cases with no known source of transmission, the county initiated a series of community mitigation strategies. Detection of community transmission is critical for informing response activities, including testing criteria, quarantine guidance, investigation protocols, and community mitigation measures (2). Sentinel surveillance in outpatient settings and emergency departments, implemented together with hospital-based surveillance, mortality surveillance, and serologic surveys, can provide a robust approach to monitor the epidemiology of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32313588, "pmcid": "PMC7167589", "title": "Chest CT Findings of Early and Progressive Phase COVID-19 Infection from a US Patient.", "journal": "Radiol Case Rep", "authors": ["Adair, Luther B 2nd", "Ledermann, Eric J"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313588", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19), originally reported in Wuhan, China, has rapidly proliferated throughout several continents and the first case in the United States was reported on January 19, 2020. According to the ACR guidelines issued shortly after this disease was declared a pandemic, radiologists are expected to familiarize themselves with the CT appearance of COVID-19 infection in order to be able to identify specific findings of this entity. This case report discusses the relevant imaging findings of one of the first cases in the midwestern US. It involves a 60-year-old man who presented with fever, dyspnea, and cough for 1 week and subsequently tested positive for COVID-19. The utility of the noncontrast CT chest in the diagnosis of COVID-19 has been controversial, but there are specific imaging findings that have been increasingly associated with this virus in the appropriate clinical context. The stages of imaging findings in COVID-19 are considered along with the implications of fibrosis throughout the stages. Future considerations include using artificial intelligence algorithms to distinguish between community acquired pneumonias and COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32353742, "pmcid": "PMC7177149", "title": "Vitamin D: A simpler alternative to tocilizumab for trial in COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Silberstein, Morry"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353742", "topics": ["Treatment", "Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is anecdotal evidence that tocilizumab, an immunosuppressant drug, may be a potential therapeutic option for patients with severe manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Like tocilizumab, Vitamin D appears to modulate the activity of an interleukin (IL-6), which may explain the seasonal variation in prevalence of influenza. While most cases of COVID-19 have, thus far, occurred in the Northern Hemisphere winter, limiting the ability to assess seasonal variation, there remains substantial variation in the severity of this condition that has yet to be explained. A retrospective comparison of Vitamin D levels in previously obtained blood samples between survivors and confirmed fatalities could establish a rationale for implementation of widespread Vitamin D supplementation. This would be far cheaper and simpler than tocilizumab as a therapeutic option to trial."}, {"pmid": 32509819, "pmcid": "PMC7262627", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: implications for liver transplantation.", "journal": "Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr", "authors": ["Wei, Qiang", "Zhou, Junbin", "Shen, Tian", "Zheng, Shusen", "Xu, Xiao"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509819", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454408, "pmcid": "PMC7244443", "title": "COVID-19 as a STING disorder with delayed over-secretion of interferon-beta.", "journal": "EBioMedicine", "authors": ["Berthelot, Jean-Marie", "Liote, Frederic"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454408", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389543, "pmcid": "PMC7200327", "title": "COVID-19 and molecular mimicry: The Columbus' egg?", "journal": "J Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Cappello, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389543", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362711, "pmcid": "PMC7190509", "title": "The 'Heart Kuznets Curve'? Understanding the relations between economic development and cardiac conditions.", "journal": "World Dev", "authors": ["Nagano, Hitoshi", "Puppim de Oliveira, Jose A", "Barros, Allan Kardec", "Costa Junior, Altair da Silva"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362711", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As countries turn wealthier, some health indicators, such as child mortality, seem to have well-defined trends. However, others, including cardiovascular conditions, do not follow clear linear patterns of change with economic development. Abnormal blood pressure is a serious health risk factor with consequences for population growth and longevity as well as public and private expenditure in health care and labor productivity. This also increases the risk of the population in certain pandemics, such as COVID-19. To determine the correlation of income and blood pressure, we analyzed time-series for the mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) of men's population (mmHg) and nominal Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDPPC) for 136 countries from 1980 to 2008 using regression and statistical analysis by Pearson's correlation (r). Our study finds a trend similar to an inverted-U shaped curve, or a 'Heart Kuznets Curve'. There is a positive correlation (increase GDPPC, increase SBP) in low-income countries, and a negative correlation in high-income countries (increase GDPPC, decrease SBP). As country income rises people tend to change their diets and habits and have better access to health services and education, which affects blood pressure. However, the latter two may not offset the rise in blood pressure until countries reach a certain income. Investing early in health education and preventive health care could avoid the sharp increase in blood pressure as countries develop, and therefore, avoiding the 'Heart Kuznets Curve' and its economic and human impacts."}, {"pmid": 32350545, "pmcid": "PMC7190392", "title": "Chest computed tomography in children with COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Radiol", "authors": ["Mungmunpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350545", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525844, "title": "Early safety indicators of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in 5,000 patients.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Joyner, Michael J", "Wright, R Scott", "Fairweather, DeLisa", "Senefeld, Jonathon W", "Bruno, Katelyn A", "Klassen, Stephen A", "Carter, Rickey E", "Klompas, Allan M", "Wiggins, Chad C", "Shepherd, John Ra", "Rea, Robert F", "Whelan, Emily R", "Clayburn, Andrew J", "Spiegel, Matthew R", "Johnson, Patrick W", "Lesser, Elizabeth R", "Baker, Sarah E", "Larson, Kathryn F", "Ripoll, Juan G", "Andersen, Kylie J", "Hodge, David O", "Kunze, Katie L", "Buras, Matthew R", "Vogt, Matthew Np", "Herasevich, Vitaly", "Dennis, Joshua J", "Regimbal, Riley J", "Bauer, Philippe R", "Blair, Janis E", "van Buskirk, Camille M", "Winters, Jeffrey L", "Stubbs, James R", "Paneth, Nigel S", "Verdun, Nicole C", "Marks, Peter", "Casadevall, Arturo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525844", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Convalescent plasma is the only antibody based therapy currently available for COVID 19 patients. It has robust historical precedence and sound biological plausibility. Although promising, convalescent plasma has not yet been shown to be safe as a treatment for COVID-19. Thus, we analyzed key safety metrics after transfusion of ABO compatible human COVID-19 convalescent plasma in 5,000 hospitalized adults with severe or life threatening COVID-19, with 66% in the intensive care unit, as part of the US FDA Expanded Access Program for COVID-19 convalescent plasma. The incidence of all serious adverse events (SAEs) in the first four hours after transfusion was <1%, including mortality rate (0.3%). Of the 36 reported SAEs, there were 25 reported incidences of related SAEs, including mortality (n = 4), transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO; n = 7), transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI; n = 11), and severe allergic transfusion reactions (n = 3). However, only 2 (of 36) SAEs were judged as definitely related to the convalescent plasma transfusion by the treating physician. The seven-day mortality rate was 14.9%. Given the deadly nature of COVID 19 and the large population of critically-ill patients included in these analyses, the mortality rate does not appear excessive. These early indicators suggest that transfusion of convalescent plasma is safe in hospitalized patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32462348, "pmcid": "PMC7251556", "title": "Onset of Covid-19 with impaired consciousness and ataxia: a case report.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Balestrino, R", "Rizzone, M", "Zibetti, M", "Romagnolo, A", "Artusi, C A", "Montanaro, E", "Lopiano, L"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462348", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361535, "pmcid": "PMC7180365", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia patient without clear epidemiological history outside Wuhan: An analysis of the radiographic and clinical features.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Lin, Chen", "Chen, Zixian", "Xie, Bin", "Sun, Zhujian", "Ding, Yuxiao", "Li, Xiaogang", "Niu, Meng", "Guo, Shunlin", "Lei, Junqiang"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361535", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this case report is to describe the radiographic and clinical features of a COVID-19 pneumonia patient without clear epidemiological history outside Wuhan, China."}, {"pmid": 32531837, "title": "Digitally Decentralized Mock Oral Board Examination for Neurological Surgery Trainees.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Graffeo, Christopher S", "Elder, Benjamin D", "Van Gompel, Jamie J", "Daniels, David J"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531837", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "American Board of Neurological Surgery (ABNS) licensing consists of a written and an oral component. The oral exam is completed after the accrual of at least 125 cases with 3-month follow-up during independent neurosurgical practice, taken typically 2-4 years after graduation. The exam involves 3 high-stakes, case-based, face-to-face sessions, during which the examinee is individually scrutinized by pairs of ABNS examiners."}, {"pmid": 32236465, "pmcid": "PMC7184506", "title": "The Cardiologist at the time of Coronavirus: a perfect storm.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Rapezzi, Claudio", "Ferrari, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236465", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199494, "pmcid": "PMC7271205", "title": "Estimation of COVID-19 outbreak size in Italy.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tuite, Ashleigh R", "Ng, Victoria", "Rees, Erin", "Fisman, David"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199494", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406421, "pmcid": "PMC7219408", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Dialysis: The Experience in Singapore.", "journal": "Kidney Med", "authors": ["En Khoo, Benjamin Zhi", "See, Yong Pey", "Kam Koh, Timothy Jee", "Yeo, See Cheng"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406421", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502327, "title": "Estimated Inactivation of Coronaviruses by Solar Radiation With Special Reference to COVID-19.", "journal": "Photochem Photobiol", "authors": ["Sagripanti, Jose-Luis", "Lytle, C David"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502327", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Using a model developed for estimating solar inactivation of viruses of biodefense concerns, we calculated the expected inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 virus, cause of COVID-19 pandemic, by artificial UVC and by solar ultraviolet radiation in several cities of the world during different times of the year. The UV sensitivity estimated here for SARS-CoV-2 is compared with those reported for other ssRNA viruses, including influenza A virus. The results indicate that SARS-CoV-2 aerosolized from infected patients and deposited on surfaces could remain infectious outdoors for considerable time during the winter in many temperate-zone cities, with continued risk for re-aerosolization and human infection. Conversely, the presented data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 should be inactivated relatively fast (faster than influenza A) during summer in many populous cities of the world, indicating that sunlight should have a role in the occurrence, spread rate, and duration of coronavirus pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32370766, "pmcid": "PMC7199873", "title": "Role of adjunctive treatment strategies in COVID-19 and a review of international and national clinical guidelines.", "journal": "Mil Med Res", "authors": ["Xu, Xinni", "Ong, Yew Kwang", "Wang, De Yun"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370766", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a global struggle to cope with the sheer numbers of infected persons, many of whom require intensive care support or eventually succumb to the illness. The outbreak is managed by a combination of disease containment via public health measures and supportive care for those who are affected. To date, there is no specific anti-COVID-19 treatment. However, the urgency to identify treatments that could turn the tide has led to the emergence of several investigational drugs as potential candidates to improve outcome, especially in the severe to critically ill. While many of these adjunctive drugs are being investigated in clinical trials, professional bodies have attempted to clarify the setting where the use of these drugs may be considered as off-label or compassionate use. This review summarizes the clinical evidence of investigational adjunctive treatments used in COVID-19 patients as well as the recommendations of their use from guidelines issued by international and national organizations in healthcare."}, {"pmid": 32534208, "title": "Serologic testing of coronaviruses from MERS-CoV to SARS-CoV-2: Learning from the past and anticipating the future.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A", "Memish, Ziad A"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534208", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337795, "pmcid": "PMC7267364", "title": "Clinical role of lung ultrasound for the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant women.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Buonsenso, D", "Raffaelli, F", "Tamburrini, E", "Biasucci, D G", "Salvi, S", "Smargiassi, A", "Inchingolo, R", "Scambia, G", "Lanzone, A", "Testa, A C", "Moro, F"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337795", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lung ultrasound has recently been suggested by the Chinese Critical Care Ultrasound Study Group and Italian Academy of Thoracic Ultrasound as an accurate tool to detect lung involvement during COVID-19. Although chest Computer Tomography (CT) represents the gold standard to assess lung involvement, with a specificity even superior to the nasal/pharyngeal swab for diagnosis, lung ultrasound examination can be a valid alternative to CT scan, with some advantages, particularly desirable for pregnant women. Indeed, ultrasound can be performed directly at bed side by a single operator, reducing the risk of spreading the outbreak among health professionals, as well as it is a radiation free exam making to be easier monitoring those patients who require serial exams. In the present study, we reported four cases of pregnant women affectd by COVID-19 infection who have been monitoring with lung ultrasound examination. All patients showed ultrasound features indicative of COVID-19 pneumonia at admission: irregular pleural lines and vertical artifacts (B-lines) were observed in all four cases, whereas patchy areas of white lung in two cases. LUS was more sensitive than chest X-ray in detecting COVID-19. Three patients had resolution of lung pathology at ultrasound after 96 h of admission. Two pregnancies are ongoing, whereas two patients had cesarean delivery with no fetal complications. PCR testing of both cord blood and newborn swabs were negative in both cases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32213224, "pmcid": "PMC7138612", "title": "End-of-life care in the emergency department for the patient imminently dying of a highly transmissible acute respiratory infection (such as COVID-19).", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Hendin, Ariel", "La Riviere, Christian G", "Williscroft, David M", "O'Connor, Erin", "Hughes, Jennifer", "Fischer, Lisa M"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213224", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446652, "pmcid": "PMC7235598", "title": "Global drug shortages due to COVID-19: Impact on patient care and mitigation strategies.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Badreldin, Hisham A", "Atallah, Bassam"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446652", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) arising from Wuhan, China, is currently outbreaking worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 to be a global pandemic. COVID-19 could cause a wide range of symptoms ranging from self-limiting fever, sore throat, and cough to more severe symptoms that could lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome. As a result of the lockdown and increased demand, drug shortages could become a growing global issue. This article aims to shed light on the potential impact of drug shortages as a result of this pandemic on patient outcomes and the role of pharmacists and pharmacy policymakers in alleviating this emerging problem."}, {"pmid": 32069388, "pmcid": "PMC7121749", "title": "Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Returning Travelers from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Hoehl, Sebastian", "Rabenau, Holger", "Berger, Annemarie", "Kortenbusch, Marhild", "Cinatl, Jindrich", "Bojkova, Denisa", "Behrens, Pia", "Boddinghaus, Boris", "Gotsch, Udo", "Naujoks, Frank", "Neumann, Peter", "Schork, Joscha", "Tiarks-Jungk, Petra", "Walczok, Antoni", "Eickmann, Markus", "Vehreschild, Maria J G T", "Kann, Gerrit", "Wolf, Timo", "Gottschalk, Rene", "Ciesek, Sandra"], "date": "2020-02-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32069388", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267461, "pmcid": "PMC7156251", "title": "Chest radiography and computed tomography findings from a Brazilian patient with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Moreira, Bruno Lima", "Brotto, Marcos Pama D'Almeida", "Marchiori, Edson"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267461", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32148740, "pmcid": "PMC7046369", "title": "Challenges and responsibilities of family doctors in the new global coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Fam Med Community Health", "authors": ["Li, Donald Kwok Tung"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32148740", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453516, "title": "More on Neurologic Features in Severe SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Sarikaya, Basar"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453516", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298146, "pmcid": "PMC7258631", "title": "Hospital Preparedness for COVID-19: A Practical Guide from a Critical Care Perspective.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Griffin, Kelly M", "Karas, Maria G", "Ivascu, Natalia S", "Lief, Lindsay"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298146", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the estimated potential impact of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on New York City hospitals, our institution prepared for an influx of critically ill patients. Multiple areas of surge planning progressed, simultaneously focused on infection control, clinical operational challenges, ICU surge capacity, staffing, ethics, and maintenance of staff wellness. The protocols developed focused on clinical decisions regarding intubation, the use of high-flow oxygen, engagement with infectious disease consultants, and cardiac arrest. Mechanisms to increase bed capacity and increase efficiency in ICUs by outsourcing procedures were implemented. Novel uses of technology to minimize staff exposure to COVID-19 as well as to facilitate family engagement and end-of-life discussions were encouraged. Education and communication remained key in our attempts to standardize care, stay apprised on emerging data, and review seminal literature on respiratory failure. Challenges were encountered and overcome through interdisciplinary collaboration and iterative surge planning as ICU admissions rose. Support was provided for both clinical and nonclinical staff affected by the profound impact COVID-19 had on our city. We describe in granular detail the procedures and processes that were developed during a 1-month period while surge planning was ongoing and the need for ICU capacity rose exponentially. The approaches described here provide a potential roadmap for centers that must rapidly adapt to the tremendous challenge posed by this and potential future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32359101, "pmcid": "PMC7267506", "title": "A hypothesized role for dysregulated bradykinin signaling in COVID-19 respiratory complications.", "journal": "FASEB J", "authors": ["Roche, Joseph A", "Roche, Renuka"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359101", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of April 20, 2020, over time, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in 157\u00a0970 deaths out of 2\u00a0319\u00a0066 confirmed cases, at a Case Fatality Rate of ~6.8%. With the pandemic rapidly spreading, and health delivery systems being overwhelmed, it is imperative that safe and effective pharmacotherapeutic strategies are rapidly explored to improve survival. In this paper, we use established and emerging evidence to propose a testable hypothesis that, a vicious positive feedback loop of des-Arg(9)-bradykinin- and bradykinin-mediated inflammation\u00a0\u2192\u00a0injury\u00a0\u2192\u00a0inflammation, likely precipitates life threatening respiratory complications in COVID-19. Through our hypothesis, we make the prediction that the FDA-approved molecule, icatibant, might be able to interrupt this feedback loop and, thereby, improve the clinical outcomes. This hypothesis could lead to basic, translational, and clinical studies aimed at reducing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality."}, {"pmid": 32279701, "pmcid": "PMC7170917", "title": "Development of a protective device for RT-PCR testing SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Tsuchida, Tomoya", "Fujitani, Shigeki", "Yamasaki, Yukitaka", "Kunishima, Hiroyuki", "Matsuda, Takahide"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279701", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406931, "title": "Providing cancer surgery in the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Downs, J S", "Wilkinson, M J", "Gyorki, D E", "Speakman, D"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406931", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32205399, "title": "WHO must prioritise the needs of older people in its response to the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Lloyd-Sherlock, Peter G", "Kalache, Alexandre", "McKee, Martin", "Derbyshire, Justin", "Geffen, Leon", "Casas, F Gomez-Olive"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205399", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470602, "pmcid": "PMC7250091", "title": "Three cases of treatment with Nafamostat in elderly patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who need oxygen therapy.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jang, Sukbin", "Rhee, Ji-Young"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470602", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No effective treatment for COVID-19 has been well established yet. Nafamostat, known as anticoagulant, has potential anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities against COVID-19. We report three cases of COVID-19 pneumonia who progressed while using antiviral drugs and needed supplementary oxygen therapy, improved after treatment with nafamostat. These preliminary findings show the possibility that Nafamostat can be considered to be used in elderly patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who need oxygen therapy. The effectiveness of nafamostat should be evaluated in further studies."}, {"pmid": 32399213, "pmcid": "PMC7211507", "title": "Dynamics of peripheral immune cells and their HLA-G and receptor expressions in a patient suffering from critical COVID-19 pneumonia to convalescence.", "journal": "Clin Transl Immunology", "authors": ["Zhang, Sheng", "Gan, Jun", "Chen, Bao-Guo", "Zheng, Dan", "Zhang, Jian-Gang", "Lin, Rong-Hai", "Zhou, Yi-Ping", "Yang, Wei-Ying", "Lin, Aifen", "Yan, Wei-Hua"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399213", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Host immune responses are indispensable to combat the disease. We report the dynamics of peripheral immune cells, cytokines, and human leucocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) and its receptor expressions in a patient suffering from critical COVID-19 pneumonia to convalescence. Clinical data of the patient were collected from medical records. The expressions of HLA-G and receptors ILT2, ILT4 and KIR2DL4 in peripheral immune cells were measured with flow cytometry. From critical COVID-19 to the convalescent stage, early lymphopenia was improved (median: 0.6\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0109\u00a0L-1 vs. 0.9\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0109\u00a0L-1, P\u00a0=\u00a00.009), and an obvious fluctuation in WBC and neutrophil counts was observed. Initially, low levels of CD4+ T cells (from 120 to 528\u00a0\u03bcL-1) and CD8+ T cells (from 68 to 362\u00a0\u03bcL-1) gradually increased to normal levels. Meanwhile, high IL-6 (from 251.8 to 6.32\u00a0pg\u00a0mL-1), IL-10 (from 39.53 to 5.21\u00a0pg\u00a0mL-1) and IFN-\u03b3 (from 13.55 to 3.16\u00a0pg\u00a0mL-1) levels decreased, and IL-4 (from 2.36 to 3.19\u00a0pg\u00a0mL-1) and TNF-\u03b1 (from 2.27 to 20.2\u00a0pg\u00a0mL-1) levels increased quickly when the viral RNA returned negative. Moreover, the percentage of HLA-G+ T cells, B cells and monocytes follows high-low-high pattern, while the percentage of receptors ILT2-, ILT4- and KIR2DL4-expressing cells remained relatively stable. Our findings provide valuable information on the dynamics of early peripheral immunological responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, cytokines and HLA-G+ immune cells are associated with the natural history of the critical COVID-19 patient; however, future studies are necessary."}, {"pmid": 32458551, "title": "Restructuring an Academic Dermatology Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Sheriff, Tabrez", "Murrell, Oliver Gc", "Murrell, Dedee F"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458551", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-COV-2 is a highly virulent positive-sense single stranded RNA virus that spreads rapidly via respiratory droplets, causing severe acute respiratory syndromes with significant mortality and morbidity. Currently 210 countries and territories are affected around the world with a reported 2.6 million confirmed cases.1 The COVID 19 pandemic has changed the way patients attend their specialist appointments and receive medical care. Whilst some specialist clinics have closed we have implemented strategies and restructured our academic practice in Australia to minimize the spread of disease whilst treating patients who need urgent care. We hope to share these strategies in the hope they may be useful to the dermatology community. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32243334, "pmcid": "PMC7188035", "title": "Images in Clinical ECT: Immediate impact of COVID-19 on ECT Practice.", "journal": "J ECT", "authors": ["Colbert, Sally-Anne", "McCarron, Shane", "Ryan, Geraldine", "McLoughlin, Declan M"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243334", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339565, "pmcid": "PMC7180349", "title": "COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: What we know, what we think we know, and what we need to know.", "journal": "J Mol Cell Cardiol", "authors": ["Dhawan, Rahul", "Gundry, Rebekah L", "Brett-Major, David M", "Mahr, Claudius", "Thiele, Geoffrey M", "Lindsey, Merry L", "Anderson, Daniel R"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339565", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283116, "pmcid": "PMC7195282", "title": "Collateral consequences of COVID-19 epidemic in Greater Paris.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Lapostolle, F", "Agostinucci, J M", "Alheritiere, A", "Petrovic, T", "Adnet, F"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283116", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404711, "pmcid": "PMC7268864", "title": "Emerging Attack and Management Strategies for Nuclear Medicine in Responding to COVID-19-ACNM Member Experience and Advice.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Lu, Yang", "Zhu, Xiaohua", "Yan, Sean Xuexian", "Lan, Xiaoli"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404711", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as \"global pandemic,\" it is important for everyone, including nuclear medicine personnel, to know how to stop transmission, contain, and prevent the spread of COVID-19. We reach out to our ACNM (American College of Nuclear Medicine) international members from Wuhan, China and Singapore, who have participated in dealing with COVID-19 for the last 2 months, to learn from their lessons and experiences, so to provide advice to all ACNM members for their clinical practice and management strategies in responding to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32413617, "pmcid": "PMC7207101", "title": "Addressing psychosocial problems associated with the COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Mackolil, Julia", "Mackolil, Joby"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413617", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lockdown imposed by the governments of various countries to contain the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is associated with various psychosocial problems. The complications within the family and time management issues that can occur during this time period are explored. The stigma and anxiety associated with the coronavirus disease are also addressed. It is noted that the problems faced by vulnerable communities including individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) tend to be ignored. These crucial areas that psychologists and mental health professionals should consider before providing intervention are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32355659, "pmcid": "PMC7191553", "title": "The role of (18)F-FDG PET for COVID-19 infection: myth versus reality.", "journal": "Clin Transl Imaging", "authors": ["Treglia, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355659", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423361, "title": "Exoscope and Personal Protective Equipment Use for Otologic Surgery in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Gordon, Steven A", "Deep, Nicholas L", "Jethanamest, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423361", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400366, "title": "[Ichthyosis vulgaris].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Dorf, Inger Lily", "Sommerlund, Mette", "Koppelhus, Uffe"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400366", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ichthyosis \u2013 also called fish scale disease \u2013 is a group of skin diseases, which are characterised by xerosis and scaling. Most commonly, the diseases are genetically inherited, but an acquired type also exists. Ichthyosis vulgaris (IV), is the most common type, affecting 1:250 individuals. Diagnosing IV can be challenging, because its clinical features are subject to great variation, ranging from mild cases with slight xerosis to severe cases with marked scaling and formation of fissures. In this review, IV and its most relevant differential diagnoses, X-linked ichthyosis, autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis and acquired ichthyosis are reviewed."}, {"pmid": 32336079, "title": "Medical mask or N95 respirator: When and how to use?", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Azap, Alpay", "Erdinc, Fatma Sebnem"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336079", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is now a global threat on human health reaching up to 2 million infected people all around the World. Since its first recognition in Wuhan, many topics were discussed intensively about COVID-19, both in the public and scientific community. Personal protective equipments and especially masks were among the hottest topics during this pandemic. Regardless of which mask is used, performing hand hygiene frequently with an alcohol-based hand rub or with soap and water if hands are dirty; is the most effective preventive measure for COVID-19. The type of mask used when caring for COVID-19 patients will vary according to the setting, type of personnel/person, and activity. Although the main transmission route for COVID-19 is droplets, during aerosol generating procedures airborne transmission may occur. Keeping the distancing and medical masks and eye protection during close contact efficiently protects against respiratory diseases transmitted via droplets. Airborne precautions include goggles and respiratory protection with the use of an N95 or an equivalent mask respirator to prevent airborne transmission."}, {"pmid": 32414693, "pmcid": "PMC7198182", "title": "Interleukin-6 levels in children developing SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Pediatr Neonatol", "authors": ["Soraya, Gita Vita", "Ulhaq, Zulvikar Syambani"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414693", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530322, "title": "Letter to the editor: neurosurgical practice in COVID-19 pandemic: from the view of academic departments in India, Japan and China.", "journal": "Br J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Ansari, Ahmed", "Kato, Yoko", "Tang, Jie"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530322", "countries": ["China", "Japan", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497294, "title": "Surgical oncology at the time of COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Bogani, Giorgio", "Signorelli, Mauro", "Ditto, Antonino", "Raspagliesi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497294", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401986, "pmcid": "PMC7206941", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Bras Ter Intensiva", "authors": ["Moock, Marcelo", "Mello, Patricia Machado Veiga de Carvalho"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401986", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443476, "title": "Marine Predators Algorithm for Forecasting Confirmed Cases of COVID-19 in Italy, USA, Iran and Korea.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Al-Qaness, Mohammed A A", "Ewees, Ahmed A", "Fan, Hong", "Abualigah, Laith", "Abd Elaziz, Mohamed"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443476", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Italy", "United States", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic of the new coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or COVID-19, has received wide attention by scholars and researchers. The vast increase in infected people is a significant challenge for each country and the international community in general. The prediction and forecasting of the number of infected people (so-called confirmed cases) is a critical issue that helps in understanding the fast spread of COVID-19. Therefore, in this article, we present an improved version of the ANFIS (adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system) model to forecast the number of infected people in four countries, Italy, Iran, Korea, and the USA. The improved version of ANFIS is based on a new nature-inspired optimizer, called the marine predators algorithm (MPA). The MPA is utilized to optimize the ANFIS parameters, enhancing its forecasting performance. Official datasets of the four countries are used to evaluate the proposed MPA-ANFIS. Moreover, we compare MPA-ANFIS to several previous methods to evaluate its forecasting performance. Overall, the outcomes show that MPA-ANFIS outperforms all compared methods in almost all performance measures, such as Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Squared Relative Error (RMSRE), and Coefficient of Determination( R 2 ). For instance, according to the results of the testing set, the R 2 of the proposed model is 96.48%, 98.59%, 98.74%, and 95.95% for Korea, Italy, Iran, and the USA, respectively. More so, the MAE is 60.31, 3951.94, 217.27, and 12,979, for Korea, Italy, Iran, and the USA, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32333939, "pmcid": "PMC7194666", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Importance of metabolic health in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Rebelos, Eleni", "Moriconi, Diego", "Virdis, Agostino", "Taddei, Stefano", "Foschi, Diego", "Nannipieri, Monica"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333939", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360940, "pmcid": "PMC7192091", "title": "Preliminary estimation of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Iran: A reply to Sharifi.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhuang, Zian", "Zhao, Shi", "Lin, Qianying", "Cao, Peihua", "Lou, Yijun", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360940", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391663, "title": "[Dynamic changes of chest CT imaging in patients with COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Wang, Jincheng", "Liu, Jinpeng", "Wang, Yuanyuan", "Liu, Wei", "Chen, Xiaoqun", "Sun, Chao", "Shen, Xiaoyong", "Wang, Qidong", "Wu, Yaping", "Liang, Wenjie", "Ruan, Lingxiang"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391663", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the dynamic changes of chest CT images of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Fifty-two cases of COVID-19 were admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The consecutive chest CT scans were followed up for all patients with an average of 4 scans performed per patient during the hospitalization. The shortest interval between each scan was 2 days and the longest was 7 days. The shape, number and distribution of lung shadows, as well as the characteristics of the lesions on the CT images were reviewed. The obvious shadows infiltrating the lungs were shown on CT images in 50 cases, for other 2 cases there was no abnormal changes in the lungs during the first CT examination. Ground-glass opacities (GGO) were found in 48 cases (92.3%), and 19 cases (36.5%) had patchy consolidation and sub-consolidation, which were accompanied with air bronchi sign in 17 cases (32.7%). Forty one cases (78.8%) showed a thickened leaflet interval, 4 cases (7.6%) had a small number of fibrous stripes. During hospitalization, GGO lesions in COVID-19 patients gradually became rare,the fibrous strip shadows increased and it became the most common imaging manifestation. The lesions rapidly progressed in 39 cases (75.0%) within 6-9 days after admission. On days 10-14 of admission, the lesions distinctly resolved in 40 cases (76.9%). The chest CT images of patients with COVID-19 have certain characteristics with dynamic changes, which are of value for monitoring disease progress and clinical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32357883, "pmcid": "PMC7193541", "title": "COVID-19: where is the national ethical guidance?", "journal": "BMC Med Ethics", "authors": ["Huxtable, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357883", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282061, "pmcid": "PMC7262262", "title": "Editorial - COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Barret, John"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282061", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442693, "pmcid": "PMC7236701", "title": "An invited commentary on \"The Surgeon and the COVID-19 pandemic\".", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Choudhury, Ehsanul Karim", "Wakefield, Simon"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442693", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451303, "pmcid": "PMC7211596", "title": "[Hypertension and COVID 19: Warnings regarding blood pressure cuffs].", "journal": "Hipertens Riesgo Vasc", "authors": ["Zilberman, J M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451303", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393874, "title": "Coronavirus is spreading under the radar in US homeless shelters.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393874", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422072, "pmcid": "PMC7233184", "title": "COVID-19 and Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy: The Need to Protect Vulnerable Medicare Beneficiaries.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Hamad, Yasir", "Joynt Maddox, Karen E", "Powderly, William G"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422072", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409443, "title": "Respiratory failure in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Vashisht, Rishik", "Duggal, Abhijit"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409443", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The management of patients with COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome focuses on identifying the causes for respiratory failure and on following best practices for supportive care with oxygen supplementation and mechanical ventilation. In this patient population, appropriate measures need to be taken to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. Nearly 90% of COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU need mechanical ventilation and most of these develop severe ARDS, which causes high morbidity and mortality. These patients need to be managed according to guidelines for the low-tidal-volume lung-protective ventilation. Practitioners also need to evaluate for other potential causes of respiratory failure."}, {"pmid": 32142886, "pmcid": "PMC7124248", "title": "Effective strategies to prevent coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in hospital.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Lee, I-K", "Wang, C-C", "Lin, M-C", "Kung, C-T", "Lan, K-C", "Lee, C-T"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142886", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377928, "pmcid": "PMC7201120", "title": "Reply to the Letter to the Editor: infection control protocol inside computed tomography suites during coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Yamashiro, Tsuneo", "Utsunomiya, Daisuke"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377928", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423094, "title": "COVID-19 and Individual Genetic Susceptibility/Receptivity: Role of ACE1/ACE2 Genes, Immunity, Inflammation and Coagulation. Might the Double X-chromosome in Females Be Protective against SARS-CoV-2 Compared to the Single X-Chromosome in Males?", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Gemmati, Donato", "Bramanti, Barbara", "Serino, Maria Luisa", "Secchiero, Paola", "Zauli, Giorgio", "Tisato, Veronica"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423094", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) from a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was recognized in the city of Wuhan, China. Rapidly, it became an epidemic in China and has now spread throughout the world reaching pandemic proportions. High mortality rates characterize SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19), which mainly affects the elderly, causing unrestrained cytokines-storm and subsequent pulmonary shutdown, also suspected micro thromboembolism events. At the present time, no specific and dedicated treatments, nor approved vaccines, are available, though very promising data come from the use of anti-inflammatory, anti-malaria, and anti-coagulant drugs. In addition, it seems that males are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 than females, with males 65% more likely to die from the infection than females. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) and Chinese scientists show that of all cases about 1.7% of women who contract the virus will die compared with 2.8% of men, and data from Hong Kong hospitals state that 32% of male and 15% of female COVID-19 patients required intensive care or died. On the other hand, the long-term fallout of coronavirus may be worse for women than for men due to social and psychosocial reasons. Regardless of sex- or gender-biased data obtained from WHO and those gathered from sometimes controversial scientific journals, some central points should be considered. Firstly, SARS-CoV-2 has a strong interaction with the human ACE2 receptor, which plays an essential role in cell entry together with transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2); it is interesting to note that the ACE2 gene lays on the X-chromosome, thus allowing females to be potentially heterozygous and differently assorted compared to men who are definitely hemizygous. Secondly, the higher ACE2 expression rate in females, though controversial, might ascribe them the worst prognosis, in contrast with worldwide epidemiological data. Finally, several genes involved in inflammation are located on the X-chromosome, which also contains high number of immune-related genes responsible for innate and adaptive immune responses to infection. Other genes, out from the RAS-pathway, might directly or indirectly impact on the ACE1/ACE2 balance by influencing its main actors (e.g., ABO locus, SRY, SOX3, ADAM17). Unexpectedly, the higher levels of ACE2 or ACE1/ACE2 rebalancing might improve the outcome of COVID-19 in both sexes by reducing inflammation, thrombosis, and death. Moreover, X-heterozygous females might also activate a mosaic advantage and show more pronounced sex-related differences resulting in a sex dimorphism, further favoring them in counteracting the progression of the SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32267650, "title": "Between Scylla and Charybdis - Oncologic Decision Making in the Time of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Lewis, Mark A"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267650", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457032, "pmcid": "PMC7252963", "title": "Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in COVID-19.", "journal": "BMJ Case Rep", "authors": ["Mohan, Vinuta", "Tauseen, Rana Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457032", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296888, "pmcid": "PMC7156798", "title": "[Urology in the corona-virus pandemic-a guideline 4/20].", "journal": "Urologe A", "authors": ["Kriegmair, M C", "Kowalewski, K F", "Lange, B", "Heininger, A", "Speck, T", "Haas, H", "Michel, M S"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296888", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic is a\u00a0major challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. For urology, the expansion of the health-care structures for the treatment of patients suffering from COVID-19 should be supported as best as possible. At the same time, one should aim to ensure adequate care for urological emergencies and urgent urological treatments as far as possible, even during the pandemic. For this, patients must be prioritized individually, alternative therapy concepts must be considered and regional and supraregional cooperation must be used. Outpatient departments are of great importance in the care, examination and coordination of urological emergencies and urgent treatment. Urological clinics must prepare themselves to perform urgent operations and interventions on SARS-CoV\u20112-positive patients. Here, the creation of a\u00a0separate, appropriately equipped emergency operating room to perform operations and interventions on SARS-CoV\u20112 patients should be considered. Furthermore strictly defined hygiene measures to protect employees in various clinical scenarios should be set up."}, {"pmid": 32466757, "pmcid": "PMC7255908", "title": "Ethnic and socioeconomic differences in SARS-CoV-2 infection: prospective cohort study using UK Biobank.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Niedzwiedz, Claire L", "O'Donnell, Catherine A", "Jani, Bhautesh Dinesh", "Demou, Evangelia", "Ho, Frederick K", "Celis-Morales, Carlos", "Nicholl, Barbara I", "Mair, Frances S", "Welsh, Paul", "Sattar, Naveed", "Pell, Jill P", "Katikireddi, S Vittal"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466757", "countries": ["United Kingdom", "Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Understanding of the role of ethnicity and socioeconomic position in the risk of developing SARS-CoV-2 infection is limited. We investigated this in the UK Biobank study. The UK Biobank study recruited 40-70-year-olds in 2006-2010 from the general population, collecting information about self-defined ethnicity and socioeconomic variables (including area-level socioeconomic deprivation and educational attainment). SARS-CoV-2 test results from Public Health England were linked to baseline UK Biobank data. Poisson regression with robust standard errors was used to assess risk ratios (RRs) between the exposures and dichotomous variables for being tested, having a positive test and testing positive in hospital. We also investigated whether ethnicity and socioeconomic position were associated with having a positive test amongst those tested. We adjusted for covariates including age, sex, social variables (including healthcare work and household size), behavioural risk factors and baseline health. Amongst 392,116 participants in England, 2658 had been tested for SARS-CoV-2 and 948 tested positive (726 in hospital) between 16 March and 3 May 2020. Black and south Asian groups were more likely to test positive (RR 3.35 (95% CI 2.48-4.53) and RR 2.42 (95% CI 1.75-3.36) respectively), with Pakistani ethnicity at highest risk within the south Asian group (RR 3.24 (95% CI 1.73-6.07)). These ethnic groups were more likely to be hospital cases compared to the white British. Adjustment for baseline health and behavioural risk factors led to little change, with only modest attenuation when accounting for socioeconomic variables. Socioeconomic deprivation and having no qualifications were consistently associated with a higher risk of confirmed infection (RR 2.19 for most deprived quartile vs least (95% CI 1.80-2.66) and RR 2.00 for no qualifications vs degree (95% CI 1.66-2.42)). Some minority ethnic groups have a higher risk of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK Biobank study, which was not accounted for by differences in socioeconomic conditions, baseline self-reported health or behavioural risk factors. An urgent response to addressing these elevated risks is required."}, {"pmid": 32498535, "title": "Application of the PDCA cycle for standardized nursing management in a COVID-19 intensive care unit.", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "authors": ["Chen, Yihong", "Zheng, Jili", "Wu, Dingyun", "Zhang, Yuxia", "Lin, Ying"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nursing quality is an integral part of health care quality and one of key performance indicators (KPIs) for health care management. The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle is a management tool for continuous improvement of a business's products or processes. It can be applied to standardize nursing management and thus improve the nursing quality and increase the survival rate of patients. This study assessed the value of the PDCA cycle in standardizing nursing management in an intensive care unit (ICU) for patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The status quo of the ICU was analyzed, and the relevant issues and countermeasures were proposed. The PDCA cycle was applied to standardize the nursing management in the ICU. Nine measures were proposed and applied to improve the management of the COVID-19 ICU: defining the clean or contaminated areas, use of self-designed shoe storage cabinets, defining staff roles and responsibilities, establishing the staffing structure, staff training, placing items at fixed locations, improving shift handover, use of bulletin boards for listing key points, and use of reserved drugs cabinets. The virus contamination awareness, professional skills, awareness of duties and responsibilities, and quality and performance of nursing were remarkably improved 2 weeks after the implementation of the above countermeasures. The PDCA cycle helps to standardize nursing management in COVID-19 ICU by developing and applying effective nursing management approaches."}, {"pmid": 32344177, "pmcid": "PMC7182748", "title": "In vitro testing of combined hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin on SARS-CoV-2 shows synergistic effect.", "journal": "Microb Pathog", "authors": ["Andreani, Julien", "Le Bideau, Marion", "Duflot, Isabelle", "Jardot, Priscilla", "Rolland, Clara", "Boxberger, Manon", "Wurtz, Nathalie", "Rolain, Jean-Marc", "Colson, Philippe", "La Scola, Bernard", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344177", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human coronaviruses SARS-CoV-2 appeared at the end of 2019 and led to a pandemic with high morbidity and mortality. As there are currently no effective drugs targeting this virus, drug repurposing represents a short-term strategy to treat millions of infected patients at low costs. Hydroxychloroquine showed an antiviral effect in vitro. In vivo it showed efficacy, especially when combined with azithromycin in a preliminary clinical trial. Here we demonstrate that the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin has a synergistic effect in vitro on SARS-CoV-2 at concentrations compatible with that obtained in human lung."}, {"pmid": 32352954, "pmcid": "PMC7206987", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak Among Three Affiliated Homeless Service Sites - King County, Washington, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Tobolowsky, Farrell A", "Gonzales, Elysia", "Self, Julie L", "Rao, Carol Y", "Keating, Ryan", "Marx, Grace E", "McMichael, Temet M", "Lukoff, Margaret D", "Duchin, Jeffrey S", "Huster, Karin", "Rauch, Jody", "McLendon, Hedda", "Hanson, Matthew", "Nichols, Dave", "Pogosjans, Sargis", "Fagalde, Meaghan", "Lenahan, Jennifer", "Maier, Emily", "Whitney, Holly", "Sugg, Nancy", "Chu, Helen", "Rogers, Julia", "Mosites, Emily", "Kay, Meagan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352954", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 30, 2020, Public Health - Seattle and King County (PHSKC) was notified of a confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a resident of a homeless shelter and day center (shelter A). Residents from two other homeless shelters (B and C) used shelter A's day center services. Testing for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, was offered to available residents and staff members at the three shelters during March 30-April 1, 2020. Among the 181 persons tested, 19 (10.5%) had positive test results (15 residents and four staff members). On April 1, PHSKC and CDC collaborated to conduct site assessments and symptom screening, isolate ill residents and staff members, reinforce infection prevention and control practices, provide face masks, and advise on sheltering-in-place. Repeat testing was offered April 7-8 to all residents and staff members who were not tested initially or who had negative test results. Among the 118 persons tested in the second round of testing, 18 (15.3%) had positive test results (16 residents and two staff members). In addition to the 31 residents and six staff members identified through testing at the shelters, two additional cases in residents were identified during separate symptom screening events, and four were identified after two residents and two staff members independently sought health care. In total, COVID-19 was diagnosed in 35 of 195 (18%) residents and eight of 38 (21%) staff members who received testing at the shelter or were evaluated elsewhere. COVID-19 can spread quickly in homeless shelters; rapid interventions including testing and isolation to identify cases and minimize transmission are necessary. CDC recommends that homeless service providers implement appropriate infection control practices, apply physical distancing measures including ensuring resident's heads are at least 6 feet (2 meters) apart while sleeping, and promote use of cloth face coverings among all residents (1)."}, {"pmid": 32436867, "title": "Novel 2019-coronavirus on new year's Eve.", "journal": "Indian J Med Microbiol", "authors": ["Gupta, Parakriti", "Goyal, Kapil", "Kanta, Poonam", "Ghosh, Arnab", "Singh, Mini P"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436867", "countries": ["China", "India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing apocalyptic outbreak of a new virus causing pneumonia-like clusters in Wuhan city, China, has gleamed the world. The outbreak, confirmed on the New Year's Eve 2020, has known no boundaries since then. The number has surpassed that of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and is uninterruptedly escalating. Being an RNA virus, it has a propensity to mutate due to the low proofreading capacity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Step-wise mutations have led to the gradual spillover of virus and after crossing the inter-species interface, the virus has adapted itself for a stable human-to-human transmission. The disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (CoV)-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can prove deadlier if the so-called 'super-spreading events' emerge with time. Recent research has shown the maximum homology of 99% of SARS-CoV-2 to pangolins associated coronavirus, owing to which these can serve as potential intermediate host. India is responding swiftly to the emergency situation, and the whole of the country is under lockdown since 25 March 2020, to ensure social distancing. All the international flights are padlocked and the travellers are being screened at airports and seaports via thermal sensors, and quarantine for a period of 14 days is recommended. Three hundred and forty-five patients across the country tested positive with six fatalities as of 22 March 2020. No specific anti-CoV drugs are currently available. Patients are being treated with protease drugs are inhibitors, remdesivir, chloroquine, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 inhibitors, ivermectin, sarilumab and tocilizumab, though none of these is Food and Drug Administration approved and are undergoing trials. Preventive measures such as social distancing, quarantine, cough etiquettes, proper hand washing, cleaning and decontaminating the surfaces are the mainstay for curbing the transmission of this virus. The present review highlights the update of novel SARS-CoV-2 in context to the Indian scenario."}, {"pmid": 32316647, "pmcid": "PMC7215577", "title": "Using Social Media to Mine and Analyze Public Opinion Related to COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Han, Xuehua", "Wang, Juanle", "Zhang, Min", "Wang, Xiaojie"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316647", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a grave global public health emergency. Nowadays, social media has become the main channel through which the public can obtain information and express their opinions and feelings. This study explored public opinion in the early stages of COVID-19 in China by analyzing Sina-Weibo (a Twitter-like microblogging system in China) texts in terms of space, time, and content. Temporal changes within one-hour intervals and the spatial distribution of COVID-19-related Weibo texts were analyzed. Based on the latent Dirichlet allocation model and the random forest algorithm, a topic extraction and classification model was developed to hierarchically identify seven COVID-19-relevant topics and 13 sub-topics from Weibo texts. The results indicate that the number of Weibo texts varied over time for different topics and sub-topics corresponding with the different developmental stages of the event. The spatial distribution of COVID-19-relevant Weibo was mainly concentrated in Wuhan, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration. There is a synchronization between frequent daily discussions on Weibo and the trend of the COVID-19 outbreak in the real world. Public response is very sensitive to the epidemic and significant social events, especially in urban agglomerations with convenient transportation and a large population. The timely dissemination and updating of epidemic-related information and the popularization of such information by the government can contribute to stabilizing public sentiments. However, the surge of public demand and the hysteresis of social support demonstrated that the allocation of medical resources was under enormous pressure in the early stage of the epidemic. It is suggested that the government should strengthen the response in terms of public opinion and epidemic prevention and exert control in key epidemic areas, urban agglomerations, and transboundary areas at the province level. In controlling the crisis, accurate response countermeasures should be formulated following public help demands. The findings can help government and emergency agencies to better understand the public opinion and sentiments towards COVID-19, to accelerate emergency responses, and to support post-disaster management."}, {"pmid": 32527654, "title": "Screening for active COVID-19 infection prior to biologic therapy in IBD patients: Let's not increase our uncertainty without reducing our concerns.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Festa, Stefano", "Aratari, Annalisa", "De Biasio, Fabiola", "Fasci-Spurio, Federica", "Papi, Claudio"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527654", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490031, "pmcid": "PMC7239104", "title": "Differentiating Between 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia and Influenza Using a Nonspecific Laboratory Marker-Based Dynamic Nomogram.", "journal": "Open Forum Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Linghang", "Liu, Yao", "Zhang, Ting", "Jiang, Yuyong", "Yang, Siyuan", "Xu, Yanli", "Song, Rui", "Song, Meihua", "Wang, Lin", "Zhang, Wei", "Han, Bing", "Yang, Li", "Fan, Ying", "Cheng, Cheng", "Wang, Jingjing", "Xiang, Pan", "Pu, Lin", "Xiong, Haofeng", "Li, Chuansheng", "Zhang, Ming", "Tan, Jianbo", "Chen, Zhihai", "Liu, Jingyuan", "Wang, Xianbo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490031", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is currently a lack of nonspecific laboratory indicators as a quantitative standard to distinguish between the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and an influenza A or B virus infection. Thus, the aim of this study was to establish a nomogram to detect COVID-19. A nomogram was established using data collected from 457 patients (181 with COVID-19 and 276 with influenza A or B infection) in China. The nomogram used age, lymphocyte percentage, and monocyte count to differentiate COVID-19 from influenza. Our nomogram predicted probabilities of COVID-19 with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.913 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.883-0.937), greater than that of the lymphocyte:monocyte ratio (0.849; 95% CI, 0.812-0.880; P = .0007), lymphocyte percentage (0.808; 95% CI, 0.768-0.843; P < .0001), monocyte count (0.780; 95% CI, 0.739-0.817; P < .0001), or age (0.656; 95% CI, 0.610-0.699; P < .0001). The predicted probability conformed to the real observation outcomes of COVID-19, according to the calibration curves. We found that age, lymphocyte percentage, and monocyte count are risk factors for the early-stage prediction of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus. As such, our research provides a useful test for doctors to differentiate COVID-19 from influenza."}, {"pmid": 32404514, "pmcid": "PMC7227770", "title": "COVID-19: Learning from Lessons To Guide Treatment and Prevention Interventions.", "journal": "mSphere", "authors": ["Triggle, Chris R", "Bansal, Devendra", "Farag, Elmoubasher Abu Baker Abd", "Ding, Hong", "Sultan, Ali A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404514", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and first emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Since then, the virus has rapidly spread to many countries. While the outbreak in China appears to be in decline, the disease has spread across the world, with a daily increase in the number of confirmed cases and infection-related deaths. Here, we highlight (i) the lessons that have been learnt so far and how they will benefit reducing the impact of COVID-19 disease and (ii) an update on the status of drug treatment and vaccine development to prevent COVID-19 and potential future related pandemics. Although the mortality rate is clearly higher than for influenza, the rate does seem to vary from country to country, possibly reflecting differences in how rapidly local health authorities respond to isolate and effectively care for the affected population. Drugs are urgently needed for both prophylaxis and the treatment of severely ill patients; however, no proven effective therapies for SARS-CoV-2 currently exist. A number of drugs that have been approved for other diseases are being tested for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, but there is an absence of data from appropriately designed clinical trials showing that these drugs, either alone or in combination, will prove effective. There is also a global urgency to develop a vaccine against COVID-19, but development and appropriate testing will take at least a year before such a vaccine will be globally available. This review summarizes the lessons learnt so far from the COVID-19 pandemic, examines the evidence regarding the drugs that are being tested for the treatment of COVID19, and describes the progress made in efforts to develop an effective vaccine."}, {"pmid": 32322403, "pmcid": "PMC7171524", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak: current scenario of Pakistan.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Waris, A", "Atta, U K", "Ali, M", "Asmat, A", "Baset, A"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322403", "countries": ["China", "Australia", "Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 outbreak was first time experienced in the Wuhan City of China at the end of December 2019. Which spread rapidly in China and then worldwide in 209 countries of America, Europe, Australia and Asia including Pakistan. There are more than fifty thousand mortalities and one million plus people have been affected worldwide, while figure increases rapidly. Different steps have been taken worldwide for the control of COVID-19. Even with less resources Pakistan also taken rigorous measures like designed special hospitals, Laboratories for testing, quarantine facilities, awareness campaign and lock down to control the spread of virus. We highlighted the efforts of government to combat this deadly pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32355107, "title": "Considerations for STI Clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Sex Transm Dis", "authors": ["Napoleon, Siena C", "Maynard, Michaela A", "Almonte, Alexi", "Cormier, Kevin", "Bertrand, Thomas", "Ard, Kevin L", "Chan, Philip A"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355107", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is responsible for a global pandemic. It is important to balance the need for access to healthcare services, including testing and treatment for sexually transmitted infections (STIs). STI programs must consider how to use limited resources and implement novel approaches to provide continued access to care."}, {"pmid": 32245396, "pmcid": "PMC7125052", "title": "Updating the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19 \"suspected case\" and \"confirmed case\" is necessary.", "journal": "Mil Med Res", "authors": ["Wang, Yun-Yun", "Jin, Ying-Hui", "Ren, Xue-Qun", "Li, Yi-Rong", "Zhang, Xiao-Chun", "Zeng, Xian-Tao", "Wang, Xing-Huan"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245396", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 6 February 2020, our team had published a rapid advice guideline for diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection, and this guideline provided our experience and make well reference for fighting against this pandemic worldwide. However, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new disease, our awareness and knowledge are gradually increasing based on the ongoing research findings and clinical practice experience; hence, the strategies of diagnosis and treatment are also continually updated. In this letter, we answered one comment on our guideline and provided the newest diagnostic criteria of \"suspected case\" and \"confirmed case\" according to the latest Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for COVID-19 (seventh version) that issued by the National Health Committee of the People's Republic of China."}, {"pmid": 32242948, "pmcid": "PMC7228233", "title": "Response to Carletti et al, \"About the origin of the first two SARS-CoV-2 infections in Italy: Inference not supported by appropriate sequence analysis\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ciccozzi, Massimo", "Giovanetti, Marta", "Benvenuto, Domenico", "Angeletti, Silvia"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242948", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463716, "title": "Effect of COVID-19 on Urology Residency Training: A Nationwide Survey of Program Directors by the Society of Academic Urologists.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Rosen, Geoffrey H", "Murray, Katie S", "Greene, Kirsten L", "Pruthi, Raj S", "Richstone, Lee", "Mirza, Moben"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463716", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has profoundly impacted residency training and education. To date, there has not been any broad assessment of urological surgery residency changes and concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Society of Academic Urologists distributed a questionnaire to urology residency program directors on March 30, 2020 exploring residency programs changes related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics are presented. A qualitative analysis of free response questions was undertaken. A post hoc analysis of differences related to local COVID-19 incidence is described. The survey was distributed to 144 residency programs with 65 responses for a 45% response rate. Reserve staffing had started in 80% of programs. Patient-contact time had decreased significantly from 4.7 to 2.1 days per week (P<0.001). Redeployment was reported by 26% of programs. Sixty percent of programs reported concern that residents will not meet case minimums due to COVID-19. Wellness activities centered on increased communication. All programs had begun to use video-conferencing and the majority planned to continue using this. Programs in states with higher incidence of COVID-19 were more likely to report resident redeployment (48% vs 11%, P=0.002) and exposure to COVID-19-positive patients (70% vs 40%, P=0.03) and were less likely to report concerns regarding exposure (78% vs 97%, P=0.02) and personal protective equipment (PPE) availability (62% vs 89%, P=0.02). As of April 1, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had resulted in significant changes in urology residency programs. These findings inform a rapidly changing landscape and aid in development of best practices."}, {"pmid": 32435648, "pmcid": "PMC7218121", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 Emergency and Cancer in the South of Italy: What's New for the Oncologist?", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Ingenito, Concetta", "Buonerba, Luciana", "Ferrara, Claudia", "Busto, Giuseppina", "Libroia, Annamaria", "Ragone, Gianluca", "Leo, Emilio", "Savastano, Beatrice", "Ioio, Concetta Dello", "De Falco, Ferdinando", "Iaccarino, Simona", "Tarantino, Luciano", "Polverino, Mario", "Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435648", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203671, "pmcid": "PMC7193856", "title": "Rising to the Challenge of COVID-19: Advice for Pulmonary and Critical Care and an Agenda for Research.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Niederman, Michael S", "Richeldi, Luca", "Chotirmall, Sanjay H", "Bai, Chunxue"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203671", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267488, "title": "A Bold Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Medical Students, National Service, and Public Health.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Bauchner, Howard", "Sharfstein, Joshua"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267488", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468851, "pmcid": "PMC7265683", "title": "Facing SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in immunotherapy era.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Citarella, Fabrizio", "Russano, Marco", "Pantano, Francesco", "Dell'Aquila, Emanuela", "Vincenzi, Bruno", "Tonini, Giuseppe", "Santini, Daniele"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468851", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread represents a sanitary emergency all over the world. Viral biology is only partially known with some aspects in common with other CoV and the damage observed in most severe cases is due to intense inflammation. Immunotherapy restores immunological activity against cancer cells and it has become a standard treatment for several cancers. We carried out an examination of available data concerning with the effects exerted by both SARS-CoV-2 and the most widespread immunotherapy treatments on the immune system in order to hypothesize mechanisms underlying potential and mutual interaction. We provided an analysis of laboratory, clinical and therapeutic data related with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. We finally focused on implications of immunotherapy treatments in clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32392337, "pmcid": "PMC7239259", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): What do we know about children? A systematic review.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mehta, Nisha S", "Mytton, Oliver T", "Mullins, Edward W S", "Fowler, Tom A", "Falconer, Catherine L", "Murphy, Orla B", "Langenberg, Claudia", "Jayatunga, Wikum J P", "Eddy, Danielle H", "Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392337", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few paediatric cases of COVID-19 have been reported and we know little about the epidemiology in children, though more is known about other coronaviruses. We aimed to understand the infection rate, clinical presentation, clinical outcomes and transmission dynamics for SARS-CoV-2, in order to inform clinical and public health measures. We undertook a rapid systematic review and narrative synthesis of all literature relating to SARS-CoV-2 in paediatric populations. The search terms also included SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. We searched three databases and the COVID-19 resource centres of eleven major journals and publishers. English abstracts of Chinese language papers were included. Data were extracted and narrative syntheses conducted. 24 studies relating to COVID-19 were included in the review. Children appear to be less affected by COVID-19 than adults by observed rate of cases in large epidemiological studies. Limited data on attack rate indicate that children are just as susceptible to infection. Data on clinical outcomes are scarce but include several reports of asymptomatic infection and a milder course of disease in young children, though radiological abnormalities are noted. Severe cases are not reported in detail and there are little data relating to transmission. Children appear to have a low observed case rate of COVID-19 but may have similar rates to adults of infection with SARS-CoV-2. This discrepancy may be because children are asymptomatic or too mildly infected to draw medical attention, be tested and counted in observed cases of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32394687, "title": "Chest CT features of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Ufuk, Furkan", "Savas, Recep"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394687", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new type of coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is rapidly spreading worldwide and causes pneumonia, respiratory distress, thromboembolic events, and death. Chest computed tomography (CT) plays an essential role in the diagnosis of viral pneumonia, monitoring disease progression, determination of disease severity, and evaluating therapeutic efficacy. Chest CT can show important clues of 2019-nCoV disease (also known as COVID-19) in patients with an appropriate clinic. Prompt diagnosis of COVID-19 is essential to prevent disease transmission and provide close clinical observation of patients with clinically severe disease. Therefore, radiologists and clinicians should be familiar with the CT imaging findings of COVID-19 pneumonia. Herein we aimed to review the imaging findings of COVID-19 pneumonia and to examine the critical points to be considered for imaging in cases with COVID-19 suspicion."}, {"pmid": 32212058, "pmcid": "PMC7095352", "title": "Protecting healthcare personnel from 2019-nCoV infection risks: lessons and suggestions.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Zhiruo", "Liu, Shelan", "Xiang, Mi", "Li, Shijian", "Zhao, Dahai", "Huang, Chaolin", "Chen, Saijuan"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212058", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19, caused by the 2019-nCoV infection) in December 2019 is one of the most severe public health emergencies since the founding of People's Republic of China in 1949. Healthcare personnel (HCP) nationwide are facing heavy workloads and high risk of infection, especially those who care for patients in Hubei Province. Sadly, as of February 20, 2020, over two thousand COVID-19 cases are confirmed among HCP from 476 hospitals nationwide, with nearly 90% of them from Hubei Province. Based on literature search and interviews with some HCP working at Wuhan, capital city of Hubei, we have summarized some of the effective measures taken to reduce infection among HCP, and also made suggestions for improving occupational safety during an infectious disease outbreak. The experience and lessons learned should be a valuable asset for international health community to contain the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic around the world."}, {"pmid": 32493788, "title": "Pre-Procedural Surveillance Testing for SARS-CoV-2 in an Asymptomatic Population in the Seattle Region Shows Low Rates of Positivity.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Mays, James A", "Greninger, Alexander L", "Jerome, Keith R", "Lynch, John B", "Mathias, Patrick C"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493788", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Seattle region hospitals have been impacted for several months by community spread of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19).\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32475833, "title": "No advice to discontinue antirheumatic therapy for non-medical reasons in light of SARS-CoV-2. Response to: 'Treatment adherence of patients with sytemic rheumatic diseases in COVID-19 pandemic' by Fragoulis et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Schulze-Koops, Hendrik", "Krueger, Klaus", "Specker, Christof"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475833", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282413, "pmcid": "PMC7197342", "title": "What's Important: What Is Our Role in the COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Lockey, Stephen D"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282413", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448725, "pmcid": "PMC7237913", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic as an Opportunity for the Radiotherapy Department.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Orazem, M", "Ratosa, I"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448725", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484966, "title": "Using the prone position could help to combat the development of fast hypoxia in some patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Lindahl, Sten G E"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484966", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is facing an explosive COVID-19 pandemic. Some cases rapidly develop deteriorating lung function, which causes deep hypoxaemia and requires urgent treatment. Many centres have started treating patients in the prone position and oxygenation has improved considerably in some cases. Questions have been raised regarding the mechanisms behind this. The mini-review provides some insights into the role of supine and prone body positions and summarises the latest understanding of the responsible mechanisms. The scope for discussion is outside the neonatal period and entirely based on experimental and clinical experiences related to adults. The human respiratory system is a complex interplay of many different variables. Therefore, this mini-review has prioritised previous and ongoing research to find explanations based on three scientific areas: gravity, lung structure and fractal geometry and vascular regulation. It concludes that gravity is one of the variables responsible for ventilation/perfusion matching but in concert with lung structure and fractal geometry, ventilation and regulation of lung vascular tone. Since ventilation distribution does not change between supine and prone positions, the higher expression of nitric oxide in dorsal lung vessels than in ventral vessels, is likely to be the most important mechanism behind enhanced oxygenation in the prone position."}, {"pmid": 32527161, "title": "How Fear Appeal Approaches in COVID-19 Health Communication May Be Harming the Global Community.", "journal": "Health Educ Behav", "authors": ["Stolow, Jeni A", "Moses, Lina M", "Lederer, Alyssa M", "Carter, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527161", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As health professionals develop health communication for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we implore that these communication approaches do not include fear appeals. Fear appeals, also known as scare tactics, have been widely used to promote recommended preventive behaviors. We contend that unintended negative outcomes can result from fear appeals that intensify the already complex pandemic and efforts to contain it. We encourage public health professionals to reevaluate their desire to use fear appeals in COVID-19 health communication and recommend that evidence-based health communication be utilized to address the needs of a specific community, help people understand what they are being asked to do, explain step-by-step how to complete preventative behaviors, and consider external factors needed to support the uptake of behaviors. To aid health professionals in redirecting away from the use of fear appeals, we offer a phased approach to creating health communication messages during the COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32407466, "pmcid": "PMC7239202", "title": "An inflammatory profile correlates with decreased frequency of cytotoxic cells in COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bordoni, Veronica", "Sacchi, Alessandra", "Cimini, Eleonora", "Notari, Stefania", "Grassi, Germana", "Tartaglia, Eleonora", "Casetti, Rita", "Giancola, Letizia", "Bevilacqua, Nazario", "Maeurer, Markus", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Locatelli, Franco", "De Benedetti, Fabrizio", "Palmieri, Fabrizio", "Marchioni, Luisa", "Capobianchi, Maria R", "D'Offizi, Gianpiero", "Petrosillo, Nicola", "Antinori, Andrea", "Nicastri, Emanuele", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Agrati, Chiara"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407466", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increased production of inflammatory cytokines and myeloid-derived suppressor cells occur in COVID-19 patients. These inversely correlated with perforin-expressing NK and CD3+T-cells. We observed a lower perforin+ NK cells number in intensive care unit (ICU) compared to non-ICU patients, suggesting an impairment of the immune cytotoxic arm as a pathogenic mechanism."}, {"pmid": 32469137, "title": "A novel simple scoring model for predicting severity of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Dong, Yalan", "Zhou, Haifeng", "Li, Mingyue", "Zhang, Zili", "Guo, Weina", "Yu, Ting", "Gui, Yang", "Wang, Quansheng", "Zhao, Lei", "Luo, Shanshan", "Fan, Heng", "Hu, Desheng"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469137", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) began in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and quickly spread throughout the country and world. An efficient and convenient method based on clinical characteristics was needed to evaluate the potential deterioration in patients. We aimed to develop a simple and practical risk scoring system to predict the severity of COVID-19 patients on admission. We retrospectively investigated the clinical information of confirmed COVID-19 patients from 10 February 2020 to 29 February 2020 in Wuhan Union Hospital. Predictors of severity were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. A total of 147 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were grouped into non-severe (94 patients) and severe (53 patients) groups. We found that an increased level of white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils, D-dimer, fibrinogen (FIB), IL-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), \u03b1-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH), serum\u00a0amyloid\u00a0A (SAA) and a decreased level of lymphocytes were important risk factors associated with severity. Furthermore, three variables were used to formulate a clinical risk scoring system named COVID-19 index\u00a0=\u00a03\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0D-dimer (\u00b5g/L)\u00a0+\u00a02\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0lgESR (mm/hr)\u00a0-\u00a04\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0lymphocyte (\u00d7109 /L)\u00a0+\u00a08. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.843 (95% CI, 0.771-0.914). We propose an effective scoring system to predict the severity of COVID-19 patients. This simple prediction model may provide healthcare workers with a practical method and could positively impact decision-making with regard to deteriorating patients."}, {"pmid": 32367166, "pmcid": "PMC7196630", "title": "\"No dose\" lung ultrasound correlation with \"low dose\" CT scan for early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Duclos, Gary", "Lopez, Alexandre", "Leone, Marc", "Zieleskiewicz, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367166", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388948, "title": "[Analysis of transmission characteristics of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ning, S S", "Zhang, Y", "Cao, L", "Chen, S", "Wang, W H", "Nian, Y P", "Zhu, N", "Yang, G J", "Li, X X", "Zhang, S B"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388948", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A total of 245 cases of COVID-19 in Shaanxi Province reported in the China information system for disease control and prevention as of February 24, 2020 were selected as the research objects, the cases are divided into imported cases (116 cases, 47.3%) and local cases (129 cases, 52.7%), their basic characteristics, time distribution, transmission mode, intergenerational interval and latent period transmission are analyzed. The age of local cases [(51.74\u00b115.67) years old], female patients (69 cases, 53.5%), housework and retired staff (40 cases, 31.0%), and patients isolated at the time of onset (50 cases, 38.8%) were higher than imported cases, respectively[(40.66\u00b115.41) years old, (45 cases, 38.8%), (21 cases, 18.1%), (17 cases, 14.6%)] (P values were < 0.05); The infection rate was 0.8% (31/3 666) in close contacts with local cases, which was lower than imported cases 2.0% (69/3 435) (P<0.001); The main source of infection in local cases was relatives (70 cases, 54.3%), and the main way of infection was living together and party (90 cases, 69.8%); the proportion of latent period transmission in our province was 15.5% (20 cases), and the interval between the second-generation case and the source of infection was about 4 days, and the interval between generations was about 6 days. In summary, the main way of infection of local cases in Shaanxi Province was living together and party, there were a certain proportion of latent period transmission cases at present, it's suggested that the investigation of close contacts should be started 4 days or earlier before the onset of the case."}, {"pmid": 32282113, "pmcid": "PMC7262264", "title": "Integrated Hospital Quarantine System against COVID-19.", "journal": "Kaohsiung J Med Sci", "authors": ["Juang, Shian-Fei", "Chiang, Hsiu-Chu", "Tsai, Ming-Ju", "Huang, Ming-Kuo"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282113", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227799, "title": "Preliminary case report on the SARS-CoV-2 cluster in the UK, France, and Spain", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Hodcroft, Emma B"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227799", "countries": ["Singapore", "United Kingdom", "France", "Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Almost half of the confirmed COVID-19 cases detected so far in the United Kingdom are part of a large cluster of 13 British nationals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the UK, Spain, and France. Transmissions among this cluster occurred at a ski resort in France, and originated from a single infected traveller returning from a conference in Singapore where he acquired the virus. At least 21 individuals were exposed to the virus, tested, and quarantined, with 13 of those testing positive between the period of 6th February and 15th February. Here, all publicly available information about the primarily UK/France cluster is consolidated, providing a complete and accessible summary of the cases and their connections. Notable in this cluster are the number of individuals infected, the apparent absence of any severe illness among those infected, and a case of a \u201cdelayed positive\u201d test during isolation after initially testing negative, at least 7 days after last possible contact."}, {"pmid": 32487283, "title": "Effect of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions on Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, South Korea, 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ryu, Sukhyun", "Ali, Seikh Taslim", "Jang, Cheolsun", "Kim, Baekjin", "Cowling, Benjamin J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487283", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We analyzed transmission of coronavirus disease outside of the Daegu-Gyeongsangbuk provincial region in South Korea. We estimated that nonpharmaceutical measures reduced transmissibility by a maximum of 34% without resorting to a strict lockdown strategy. To optimize epidemic control, continuous efforts to monitor the transmissibility are needed."}, {"pmid": 32337131, "pmcid": "PMC7182052", "title": "Focus on Mental Health During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Applying Learnings from the Past Outbreaks.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Shah, Kaushal", "Kamrai, Dhwani", "Mekala, Hema", "Mann, Birinder", "Desai, Krishna", "Patel, Rikinkumar S"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337131", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has gained global attention after it originated from China at the end of 2019, and later turned into pandemic as it affected about 118,000 in 114 countries by March 11, 2020.\u00a0By March 13, 2020, it was declared a national emergency in the United States as the number of COVID-19 cases, and the death toll rose exponentially. To contain the spread of the disease, the world scientist community came together. However, the unpreparedness of the nations, even with the advanced medical sciences and resources, has failed to address the mental health aspect amongst the public, as all efforts are focused on understanding the epidemiology, clinical features, transmission patterns, and management of COVID-19 pneumonia. Our efforts in this review are to evaluate and study similar outbreaks from the past to understand its adverse impact on mental health, implement adequate steps to tackle\u00a0and provide a background to physicians and healthcare workers at the time of such outbreaks to apply psychological first aid."}, {"pmid": 32506621, "title": "Drugs being investigated for children with COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Deniz, Melis", "Tapisiz, Anil", "Tezer, Hasan"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506621", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We were interested to read the review paper on COVID-19 by Ludvigsson in Acta Paediatrica (1). The author mentioned that COVID-19 appeared to be milder in children than in adults but said there was a knowledge gap about antiviral treatment in severely ill patients. We would like to provide some comments about the experimental drugs that are being considered to treat children with the disease."}, {"pmid": 32406429, "pmcid": "PMC7219421", "title": "The paradox of COVID-19 and pediatric anesthesiology: opinion of the Pediatric Anesthesia Committee of the Brazilian Society of Anesthesiology.", "journal": "Braz J Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Neville, Mariana Fontes Lima", "Vanzillotta, Pedro Paulo", "Quintao, Vinicius Caldeira"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406429", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269356, "title": "Science in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Struct Mol Biol", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269356", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525081, "title": "Human Touch via Touchscreen: Rural nurses' experiential perspectives on telehealth use in pediatric hospice care.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Weaver, Meaghann S", "Neumann, Marie L", "Navaneethan, Hema", "Robinson, Jacob E", "Hinds, Pamela S"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525081", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Telemedicine has the potential to extend care reach and access to home-based hospice services for children. Few studies have explored nurse perspectives regarding this communication modality for rural pediatric cohorts. The objective of this qualitative study was to learn from the experiences of rural hospice nurses caring for children at the end of life using telehealth modalities to inform palliative communication. Voice-recorded qualitative interviews with rural hospice nurse telehealth users inquiring on nurse experiences with telehealth. Semantic content analysis was used. Fifteen hospice nurses representing nine rural hospice agencies were interviewed. Nurses participated in an average of eight telehealth visits in the three-months prior. Nurses were female with mean age 38 years and average 7 years hospice nursing experience. Five themes about telehealth emerged: accessible support, participant inclusion, timely communication, informed and trusted planning, and familiarity fostered. Each theme had both benefits and cautions associated as well as telehealth suggestions. Nurses recommended individualizing communication, pacing content, fostering human connection, and developing relationships even with technology use. The experiences of nurses who utilize telehealth in their care for children receiving end of life care in rural regions may enable palliative care teams to understand both the benefits and challenges of telehealth use. Nurse insights on telehealth may help palliative care teams better honor the communication needs of patients and families while striving to improve care access."}, {"pmid": 32235155, "pmcid": "PMC7176271", "title": "Setup of a Dedicated Coronavirus Intensive Care Unit: Logistical Aspects.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Mojoli, Francesco", "Mongodi, Silvia", "Grugnetti, Giuseppina", "Muzzi, Alba", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Triarico, Antonio", "Antonio Iotti, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235155", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354536, "pmcid": "PMC7166108", "title": "Helmet Modification to PPE With 3D Printing During the COVID-19 Pandemic at Duke University Medical Center: A Novel Technique.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Erickson, Melissa M", "Richardson, Eric S", "Hernandez, Nicholas M", "Bobbert, Dana W 2nd", "Gall, Ken", "Fearis, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354536", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Care for patients during COVID-19 poses challenges that require the protection of staff with recommendations that health care workers wear at minimum, an N95 mask or equivalent while performing an aerosol-generating procedure with a face shield. The United States faces shortages of personal protective equipment (PPE), and surgeons who use loupes and headlights have difficulty using these in conjunction with face shields. Most arthroplasty surgeons use surgical helmet systems, but in the current pandemic, many hospitals have delayed elective arthroplasty surgeries and the helmet systems are going unused. As a result, the authors have begun retrofitting these arthroplasty helmets to serve as PPE. The purpose of this article is to outline the conception, design, donning technique, and safety testing of these arthroplasty helmets being repurposed as PPE."}, {"pmid": 32388452, "pmcid": "PMC7194705", "title": "Neuropsychiatric and cognitive effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on multiple sclerosis patients.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Haji Akhoundi, Fahimeh", "Sahraian, Mohammad Ali", "Naser Moghadasi, Abdorreza"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388452", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352836, "title": "Emergency surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: what you need to know for practice.", "journal": "Ann R Coll Surg Engl", "authors": ["De Simone, B", "Chouillard, E", "Di Saverio, S", "Pagani, L", "Sartelli, M", "Biffl, W L", "Coccolini, F", "Pieri, A", "Khan, M", "Borzellino, G", "Campanile, F C", "Ansaloni, L", "Catena, F"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352836", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several articles have been published about the reorganisation of surgical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic but few, if any, have focused on the impact that this has had on emergency and trauma surgery. Our aim was to review the most current data on COVID-19 to provide essential suggestions on how to manage the acute abdomen during the pandemic. A systematic review was conducted of the most relevant English language articles on COVID-19 and surgery published between 15 December 2019 and 30 March 2020. Access to the operating theatre is almost exclusively restricted to emergencies and oncological procedures. The use of laparoscopy in COVID-19 positive patients should be cautiously considered. The main risk lies in the presence of the virus in the pneumoperitoneum: the aerosol released in the operating theatre could contaminate both staff and the environment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, all efforts should be deployed in order to evaluate the feasibility of postponing surgery until the patient is no longer considered potentially infectious or at risk of perioperative complications. If surgery is deemed necessary, the emergency surgeon must minimise the risk of exposure to the virus by involving a minimal number of healthcare staff and shortening the occupation of the operating theatre. In case of a lack of security measures to enable safe laparoscopy, open surgery should be considered."}, {"pmid": 32387671, "pmcid": "PMC7198142", "title": "Role of the chronic air pollution levels in the Covid-19 outbreak risk in Italy.", "journal": "Environ Pollut", "authors": ["Fattorini, Daniele", "Regoli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387671", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the initial outbreak in China, the diffusion in Italy of SARS-CoV-2 is exhibiting a clear regional trend with more elevated frequency and severity of cases in Northern areas. Among multiple factors possibly involved in such geographical differences, a role has been hypothesized for atmospheric pollution. We provide additional evidence on the possible influence of air quality, particularly in terms of chronicity of exposure on the spread viral infection in Italian regions. Actual data on Covid-19 outbreak in Italian provinces and corresponding long-term air quality evaluations, were obtained from Italian and European agencies, elaborated and tested for possible interactions. Our elaborations reveal that, beside concentrations, the chronicity of exposure may influence the anomalous variability of SARS-CoV-2 in Italy. Data on distribution of atmospheric pollutants (NO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10) in Italian regions during the last 4 years, days exceeding regulatory limits, and years of the last decade (2010-2019) in which the limits have been exceeded for at least 35 days, highlight that Northern Italy has been constantly exposed to chronic air pollution. Long-term air-quality data significantly correlated with cases of Covid-19 in up to 71 Italian provinces (updated April 27, 2020) providing further evidence that chronic exposure to atmospheric contamination may represent a favourable context for the spread of the virus. Pro-inflammatory responses and high incidence of respiratory and cardiac affections are well known, while the capability of this coronavirus to bind particulate matters remains to be established. Atmospheric and environmental pollution should be considered as part of an integrated approach for sustainable development, human health protection and prevention of epidemic spreads but in a long-term and chronic perspective, since adoption of mitigation actions during a viral outbreak could be of limited utility."}, {"pmid": 32165414, "title": "Covid-19: GPs call for appraisals and CQC inspections to be suspended.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165414", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357380, "pmcid": "PMC7267666", "title": "Changes in Head and Neck Oncologic Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Brody, Robert M", "Albergotti, W Greer", "Shimunov, David", "Nicolli, Elizabeth", "Harris, Brianna N", "Bur, Andres M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357380", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has raised controversies regarding safe and effective care of patients with head and neck cancer. It is unknown how much the pandemic has changed surgeon practice. A questionnaire was distributed to head and neck surgeons assessing opinions related to treatment and concerns for the safety of patients, self, family, and staff. A total of 88 head and neck surgeons responded during the study period. Surgeons continued to recommend primary surgical treatment for oral cavity cancers. Respondents were more likely to consider nonsurgical therapy for patients with early glottic cancers and HPV-mediated oropharynx cancer. Surgeons were least likely to be concerned for their own health and safety and had the greatest concern for their resident trainees. This study highlights differences in the willingness of head and neck surgeons to delay surgery or alter plans during times when hospital resources are scarce and risk is high."}, {"pmid": 32292868, "pmcid": "PMC7118312", "title": "Propagation analysis and prediction of the COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Dis Model", "authors": ["Li, Lixiang", "Yang, Zihang", "Dang, Zhongkai", "Meng, Cui", "Huang, Jingze", "Meng, Haotian", "Wang, Deyu", "Chen, Guanhua", "Zhang, Jiaxuan", "Peng, Haipeng", "Shao, Yiming"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292868", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on the official data modeling, this paper studies the transmission process of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The error between the model and the official data curve is quite small. At the same time, it realized forward prediction and backward inference of the epidemic situation, and the relevant analysis help relevant countries to make decisions."}, {"pmid": 32401713, "pmcid": "PMC7211494", "title": "Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Kluge, Hans Henri P", "Wickramasinghe, Kremlin", "Rippin, Holly L", "Mendes, Romeu", "Peters, David H", "Kontsevaya, Anna", "Breda, Joao"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401713", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420950, "title": "The medical concerns of patients with thalassemias at the time of COVID-19 outbreak: The personal experience and the international recommendations.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Canatan, Duran", "De Sanctis, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "."}, {"pmid": 32416925, "pmcid": "PMC7203044", "title": "[Breast cancer screening and diagnosis at the end of the COVID-19 confinement period, practical aspects and prioritization rules: recommendations of 6 French health professionals societies].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Ceugnart, Luc", "Delaloge, Suzette", "Balleyguier, Corinne", "Deghaye, Michel", "Veron, Lucie", "Kaufmanis, Aldis", "Mailliez, Audrey", "Poncelet, Edouard", "Lenczner, Gregory", "Verzaux, Laurent", "Gligorov, Joseph", "Thomassin-Naggara, Isabelle"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416925", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32124179, "pmcid": "PMC7089458", "title": "Clinical trials for the treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A rapid response to urgent need.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Zhang, Tengyue", "He, Yudi", "Xu, Wenshuai", "Ma, Aiping", "Yang, Yanli", "Xu, Kai-Feng"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32124179", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346122, "title": "Lessons learned from the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) outbreak in a monographic center for spinal cord injury.", "journal": "Spinal Cord", "authors": ["Lopez-Dolado, Elisa", "Gil-Agudo, Angel"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346122", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448633, "pmcid": "PMC7211659", "title": "[COVID-19 and cardiovascular and kidney disease: Where are we? Where are we going?]", "journal": "Semergen", "authors": ["Pallares Carratala, V", "Gorriz-Zambrano, C", "Morillas Arino, C", "Llisterri Caro, J L", "Gorriz, J L"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448633", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a global health emergency and we need to know more about it. Patients with cardiovascular risk and previous kidney risk have been identified as especially vulnerable for greater morbidity and mortality when they suffer from COVID-19. A considerable proportion of patients can develop a vascular lesion in the context of the disease that entails a greater lethality. Cardiovascular and renal complications represent a problem and, probably in the near future, may pose a threat to patients who have survived COVID-19. As physicians, we cannot forget that during an epidemic like this, other chronic diseases are present, and patients continue to require care. We are obliged to monitor even more intensely their treatments and control degree. Furthermore, we must not forget that urgent situations continue to arise in this pandemic situation and require prompt attention. In this current situation, it is very likely that many patients, out of fear, have not sought medical attention. The situation during the epidemic and the uncertainty of the post-COVID-19 period, requires intensification in the control and monitoring of cardiovascular and kidney disease in our patients. Primary care constitutes a key level of care for the care of the population with cardiovascular disease. Likewise, and in the face of this new health scenario, we need to promote the prevention and control measures that emanate from the studies currently underway. Now, more than ever, we need research, crucial to improve the cardiovascular and renal prognosis of our patients."}, {"pmid": 32369615, "pmcid": "PMC7267441", "title": "Favourable outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 in a 1-year-old girl with acute myeloid leukaemia and severe treatment-induced immunosuppression.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Sieni, Elena", "Pegoraro, Francesco", "Casini, Tommaso", "Tondo, Annalisa", "Bortone, Barbara", "Moriondo, Maria", "Azzari, Chiara", "Galli, Luisa", "Favre, Claudio"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369615", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250751, "pmcid": "PMC7270905", "title": "Triage Considerations for Patients Referred for Structural Heart Disease Intervention During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An ACC /SCAI Consensus Statement.", "journal": "JACC Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Shah, Pinak B", "Welt, Frederick G P", "Mahmud, Ehtisham", "Phillips, Alistair", "Kleiman, Neal S", "Young, Michael N", "Sherwood, Matthew", "Batchelor, Wayne", "Wang, Dee Dee", "Davidson, Laura", "Wyman, Janet", "Kadavath, Sabeeda", "Szerlip, Molly", "Hermiller, James", "Fullerton, David", "Anwaruddin, Saif"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250751", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has strained health care resources around the world causing many institutions to curtail or stop elective procedures. This has resulted in the inability to care for patients valvular and structural heart disease (SHD) in a timely fashion potentially placing these patients at increased risk for adverse cardiovascular complications including congestive heart failure and death. The effective triage of these patients has become challenging in the current environment as clinicians have had to weigh the risk of bringing susceptible patients into the hospital environment during the COVID-19 pandemic versus the risk of delaying a needed procedure. In this document, we suggest guidelines as to how to triage patients in need of SHD interventions and provide a framework of how to decide when it may be appropriate to proceed with intervention despite the ongoing pandemic. In particular, we address the triage of patients in need of trans-catheter aortic valve replacement and percutaneous mitral valve repair. We also address procedural issues and considerations for the function of structural heart disease teams during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32446195, "pmcid": "PMC7239782", "title": "Interactions of recommended COVID-19 drugs with commonly used psychotropics.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Seshadri Sekhar", "Malathesh, Barikar C", "Das, Soumitra", "Singh, Om Prakash"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446195", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341049, "title": "Mourning our dead in the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Mahony, Seamus"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341049", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464707, "title": "Macrothrombosis and stroke in patients with mild Covid-19 infection.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Fara, Michael G", "Stein, Laura K", "Skliut, Maryna", "Morgello, Susan", "Fifi, Johanna T", "Dhamoon, Mandip S"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464707", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease currently affecting millions of people worldwide. Its neurological implications are poorly understood, and further study is urgently required. A hypercoagulable state has been reported in patients with severe COVID-19, but nothing is known about coagulopathy in patients with milder disease. We describe cases of patients in New York City presenting with stroke secondary to large vessel thrombosis without occlusion, incidentally found to have COVID-19 with only mild respiratory symptoms. This is in contrast to the venous thrombosis and microangiopathy that has been reported in patients with severe COVID-19. Our cases suggest that even in the absence of severe disease, patients with COVID-19 may be at increased risk of thrombus formation leading to stroke, perhaps due to viral involvement of the endothelium. Further systematic study is needed, since this may have implications for primary and secondary stroke prevention in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32202824, "title": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) outbreak: Amplification of public health consequences by media exposure.", "journal": "Health Psychol", "authors": ["Garfin, Dana Rose", "Silver, Roxane Cohen", "Holman, E Alison"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202824", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) has led to a serious outbreak of often severe respiratory disease, which originated in China and has quickly become a global pandemic, with far-reaching consequences that are unprecedented in the modern era. As public health officials seek to contain the virus and mitigate the deleterious effects on worldwide population health, a related threat has emerged: global media exposure to the crisis. We review research suggesting that repeated media exposure to community crisis can lead to increased anxiety, heightened stress responses that can lead to downstream effects on health, and misplaced health-protective and help-seeking behaviors that can overburden health care facilities and tax available resources. We draw from work on previous public health crises (i.e., Ebola and H1N1 outbreaks) and other collective trauma (e.g., terrorist attacks) where media coverage of events had unintended consequences for those at relatively low risk for direct exposure, leading to potentially severe public health repercussions. We conclude with recommendations for individuals, researchers, and public health officials with respect to receiving and providing effective communications during a public health crisis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32314805, "pmcid": "PMC7264580", "title": "CT imaging features of 4121 patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhu, Jieyun", "Zhong, Zhimei", "Li, Hongyuan", "Ji, Pan", "Pang, Jielong", "Li, Bocheng", "Zhang, Jianfeng"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314805", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We systematically reviewed the computed tomography (CT) imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to provide reference for clinical practice. Our article comprehensively searched PubMed, FMRS, EMbase, CNKI, WanFang databases, and VIP databases to collect literatures about the CT imaging features of COVID-19 from 1 January\u00a0to 16 March 2020. Three reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, and then, this meta-analysis was performed by using Stata12.0 software. A total of 34 retrospective studies involving a total of 4121 patients with COVID-19 were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that most patients presented bilateral lung involvement (73.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 65.9%-81.1%) or multilobar involvement (67.3%, 95% CI: 54.8%-78.7%) and just little patients showed normal CT findings (8.4%). We found that the most common changes in lesion density were ground-glass opacities (68.1%, 95% CI: 56.9%-78.2%). Other changes in density included air bronchogram sign (44.7%), crazy-paving pattern (35.6%), and consolidation (32.0%). Patchy (40.3%), spider web sign (39.5%), cord-like (36.8%), and nodular (20.5%) were common lesion shapes in patients with COVID-19. Pleural thickening (27.1%) was found in some patients. Lymphadenopathy (5.4%) and pleural effusion (5.3%) were rare. The lung lesions of patients with COVID-19 were mostly bilateral lungs or multilobar involved. The most common chest CT findings were patchy and ground-glass opacities. Some patients had air bronchogram, spider web sign, and cord-like. Lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion were rare."}, {"pmid": 32422330, "pmcid": "PMC7229472", "title": "COVID-19: Launching neurosurgery into the era of telehealth in the United States.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Wright, Christina Huang", "Wright, James", "Shammassian, Berje"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422330", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The authors discuss the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of telehealth in the United States."}, {"pmid": 32415767, "title": "Management of valvular and structural heart diseases during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: an expert opinion of the Working Group on Valvular Heart Diseases, the Working Group on Cardiac Surgery, and the Association of Cardiovascular Interventions of the Polish Cardiac Society.", "journal": "Kardiol Pol", "authors": ["Plonska-Gosciniak, Edyta", "Suwalski, Piotr", "Bartus, Stanislaw", "Kukulski, Tomasz", "Komar, Monika", "Wojakowski, Wojciech", "Grygier, Marek", "Pruszczyk, Piotr", "Gasior, Zbigniew", "Huczek, Zenon", "Berger-Kucza, Adrianna", "Bak, Janusz", "Sorysz, Danuta", "Kasprzak, Jaroslaw D"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415767", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201119), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2011CoV\u20112), represents a major challenge for healthcare. The involvement of cardiovascular system in COVID\u201119 has been proven and increased healthcare system resources are redirected towards handling infected patients, which induces major changes in access to services and prioritization in the management of patients with chronic cardiovascular disease unrelated to COVID\u201119. In this expert opinion, conceived by the task force involving the Working Groups on Valvular Heart Diseases and Cardiac Surgery as well as the Association of Cardiovascular Intervention of the Polish Cardiac Society, modification of diagnostic pathways, principles of healthcare personnel protection, and treatment guidelines regarding triage and prioritization are suggested. Heart Teams responsible for the treatment of valvular heart disease should continue their work using telemedicine and digital technology. Diagnostic tests must be simplified or deferred to minimize the number of potentially dangerous aerosol\u2011generating procedures, such as transesophageal echocardiography or exercise imaging. The treatment of aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation has to be offered particularly due to urgent indications and in patients with advanced disease and poor prognosis. Expert risk stratification is essential for triage and setting the priority lists. In each case, an appropriate level of personal protection must be ensured for the healthcare personnel to prevent spreading infection and preserve specialized manpower, who will supply the continuing need for handling serious chronic cardiovascular disease. Importantly, as soon as the local epidemic situation improves, efforts must be made to restore standard opportunities for elective treatment of valvular heart disease and occluder\u2011based therapies according to existing guidelines, thus rebuilding the state \u2011of \u2011the \u2011art cardiovascular services."}, {"pmid": 32436486, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: mental health and beyond - The Indian perspective.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Mukherjee, Abir", "Bandopadhyay, Gargi", "Chatterjee, Seshadri Sekhar"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436486", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "India is a de facto continent in the garb of a country. COVID-19 is an unprecedented global pandemic spanning continents. Being the second most populous country in the world, experts regard how India deals with the outbreak will have enormous impact on the world's ability to deal with it. The country has been in lockdown since 25th March 2020 until the current time of early May 2020, and despite several challenges there has been early success. The major conflict now is the health benefits weighed up against the deleterious social and economic consequences of prolonged lockdown i.e. life versus livelihood. This unprecedented calamity could potentially cause or exacerbate various psychiatric disorders. It is recognised that lifestyle changes and limited screen time may help reduce mental health difficulties. Considering the physical barriers to consultation, development of telemedicine services is needed. This pandemic, like other previous pandemics, will pass and until this happens we must remain extremely vigilant."}, {"pmid": 32499832, "pmcid": "PMC7241590", "title": "Pharmacologicaltreatment of COVID-19: lights and shadows.", "journal": "Drugs Context", "authors": ["Menzella, Francesco", "Biava, Mirella", "Barbieri, Chiara", "Livrieri, Francesco", "Facciolongo, Nicola"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499832", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of December 2019, a novel coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, caused an outbreak of pneumonia spreading from Wuhan, Hubei province, to the whole country of China and then the entire world, forcing the World Health Organization to make the assessment that the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) can be characterized as a pandemic, the first ever caused by a coronavirus. To date, clinical evidence and guidelines based on reliable data and randomized clinical trials for the treatment of COVID-19 are lacking. In the absence of definitive management protocols, many treatments for COVID-19 are currently being evaluated and tested worldwide. Some of these options were soon abandoned due to ineffectiveness, while others showed promising results. The basic treatments are mainly represented by antiviral drugs, even if the evidence is not satisfactory. Among the antivirals, the most promising appears to be remdesivir. Corticosteroids and tocilizumab seem to guarantee positive results in selected patients so far, although the timing of starting therapy and the most appropriate therapeutic schemes remain to be clarified. Efficacy of the other drugs is still uncertain, and they are currently used as a cocktail of treatments in the absence of definitive guidelines. What will represent the real solution to the enormous problem taking place worldwide is the identification of a safe and effective vaccine, for which enormous efforts and investments are underway."}, {"pmid": 32410125, "pmcid": "PMC7224350", "title": "PPE Portraits-a Way to Humanize Personal Protective Equipment.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Brown-Johnson, Cati", "Vilendrer, Stacie", "Heffernan, Mary Beth", "Winter, Shira", "Khong, Thanh", "Reidy, Jennifer", "Asch, Steven M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410125", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) has skyrocketed, as providers don masks, glasses, and gowns to protect their eyes, noses, and mouths from COVID-19. Yet these same facial features express human individuality, and are crucial to nonverbal communication. Isolated ICU patients may develop \"post intensive-care syndrome,\" which mimics PTSD with sometimes debilitating consequences. While far from a complete solution, PPE Portraits (disposable portrait picture stickers\u00a0- 4\" \u00d7 5\") have the potential to humanize care. Preparing for a larger effectiveness evaluation on patient and provider experience, we collected initial qualitative implementation insights during Spring 2020's chaotic surge preparation. Front-line providers reported more comfort with patient interactions while wearing PPE Portraits: \"It makes it feel less like a disaster zone [for the patient].\" A brief pilot showed signs of significant adoption: a participating physician requested PPE Portraits at their clinic, shift nurses had taken PPE Portraits with them to inpatient services, and masked medical assistant team-members requested PPE Portraits to wear over scrubs. We believe PPE Portraits may support patient care and health, and even potentially healthcare team function and provider wellness. While we await data on these effects, we hope hospitals can use our findings to speed their own implementation testing."}, {"pmid": 32449903, "title": "Cost-Related Antihypertensive Medication Nonadherence:Action in the Time of COVID-19 and Beyond.", "journal": "Am J Hypertens", "authors": ["Tajeu, Gabriel S", "Muntner, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449903", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407517, "title": "Pharmacy leadership during emergency preparedness: Insights from the Middle East and South Asia.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Siddiqui, Mohammad Aslam", "Abdeldayem, Ahmed", "Dayem, Khalid Abdel", "Mahomed, Shuaib Haroon", "Diab, Mariam Jihad"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407517", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disclaimer: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32368424, "pmcid": "PMC7193226", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Medical Education.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Ferrel, Meganne N", "Ryan, John J"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368424", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the wake of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, it is abundantly clear to all the necessity of studying the pathology and widespread health consequences associated with the virus. However, what is much less clear is the impact of COVID-19 on medical education. Already, faculty and medical students are grappling with the changes that have been made and attempting to consolidate these with their plan of career development. Changes that may seem relatively minor in comparison to the global pandemic have the potential to be drastic turning points in the career progression of many. As not much is known regarding the long-lasting impact of COVID-19 on medical education, it is therefore also necessary to record and study the full impact of the changes being made. The path to entering a successful residency has been predictable for the last few years - do well on Step 1, give conference presentations, go the extra mile in clerkships and shadowing opportunities, and have meaningful non-academic extracurricular activities - all of which designed to best demonstrate a student's knowledge, persistence, collaborative spirit, and dedication to medicine. This trajectory has been changed with COVID-19 disrupting routines in hospitals, medical schools and beyond. The replacement of in-person classes with online equivalents\u00a0is an obvious necessity at this time but creates a loss of collaborative experiences that has the potential to be a significant detriment to education. Likewise, the cancellation of clerkships, which are necessary for both skill acquisition as well as for relationship building, is a serious issue which students and medical schools must now resolve. Many medical students have also lost the opportunity for personal development through conference presentations. These presentations play a large role in distinguishing applicants during the residency application process, and therefore these lost opportunities have the potential to be a serious detriment to medical students' career trajectory. While implementing technology to help resolve these issues is a unique way to help students to develop these skills, it is now necessary for medical students to demonstrate the same set of skills which they would have previously in a completely new and innovative manner. Persistence and adaptability during this time of challenge are attributes that medical students can demonstrate more readily. While every student has a personal story of how COVID-19 has impacted their education, there is no question that the impacts of COVID-19 will be felt on an extensive level. The panic in the community is palpable, and many are confused by how to proceed in the wake of COVID-19. This is no different for medical students and faculty and the questions that arise regarding medical education and their future careers."}, {"pmid": 32420614, "title": "First COVID-19 maternal mortality in the UK associated with thrombotic complications.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Ahmed, Irshad", "Azhar, Ahamed", "Eltaweel, Nashwa", "Tan, Bee K"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420614", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526326, "title": "Interleukin-6 as prognosticator in patients with COVID-19: IL-6 and Covid-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Grifoni, Elisa", "Valoriani, Alice", "Cei, Francesco", "Lamanna, Roberta", "Gelli, Anna Maria Grazia", "Ciambotti, Benedetta", "Vannucchi, Vieri", "Moroni, Federico", "Pelagatti, Lorenzo", "Tarquini, Roberto", "Landini, Giancarlo", "Vanni, Simone", "Masotti, Luca"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526326", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281926, "title": "COVID-19 and haemostasis: a position paper from Italian Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (SISET).", "journal": "Blood Transfus", "authors": ["Marietta, Marco", "Ageno, Walter", "Artoni, Andrea", "De Candia, Erica", "Gresele, Paolo", "Marchetti, Marina", "Marcucci, Rossella", "Tripodi, Armando"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281926", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505432, "title": "Does COVID-19 cause axonal GBS?", "journal": "J Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Umapathi, Thirugnanam"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505432", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358933, "title": "Lessons from the USA Delayed Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Afr J Reprod Health", "authors": ["Balogun, Joseph A"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358933", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326988, "pmcid": "PMC7198453", "title": "Lactose Dehydrogenase in Patients with Severe COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis of Retrospective Study.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Huang, Xiaoyi", "Wei, Fengxiang", "Yang, Ziqing", "Li, Min", "Liu, Liuhong", "Chen, Ken"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326988", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432960, "title": "A COVID-19 Rapid-Response Research Agenda.", "journal": "JDR Clin Trans Res", "authors": ["Herzberg, M C"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432960", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401000, "title": "First ultrastructural autoptic findings of SARS-Cov-2 in olfactory pathways and brainstem.", "journal": "Minerva Anestesiol", "authors": ["Bulfamante, Gaetano", "Chiumello, Davide", "Canevini, Maria Paola", "Priori, Alberto", "Mazzanti, Michele", "Centanni, Stefano", "Felisati, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401000", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269086, "pmcid": "PMC7144336", "title": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 treated in Hubei (epicentre) and outside Hubei (non-epicentre): a nationwide analysis of China.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Liang, Wen-Hua", "Guan, Wei-Jie", "Li, Cai-Chen", "Li, Yi-Min", "Liang, Heng-Rui", "Zhao, Yi", "Liu, Xiao-Qing", "Sang, Ling", "Chen, Ru-Chong", "Tang, Chun-Li", "Wang, Tao", "Wang, Wei", "He, Qi-Hua", "Chen, Zi-Sheng", "Wong, Sook-San", "Zanin, Mark", "Liu, Jun", "Xu, Xin", "Huang, Jun", "Li, Jian-Fu", "Ou, Li-Min", "Cheng, Bo", "Xiong, Shan", "Xie, Zhan-Hong", "Ni, Zheng-Yi", "Hu, Yu", "Liu, Lei", "Shan, Hong", "Lei, Chun-Liang", "Peng, Yi-Xiang", "Wei, Li", "Liu, Yong", "Hu, Ya-Hua", "Peng, Peng", "Wang, Jian-Ming", "Liu, Ji-Yang", "Chen, Zhong", "Li, Gang", "Zheng, Zhi-Jian", "Qiu, Shao-Qin", "Luo, Jie", "Ye, Chang-Jiang", "Zhu, Shao-Yong", "Cheng, Lin-Ling", "Ye, Feng", "Li, Shi-Yue", "Zheng, Jin-Ping", "Zhang, Nuo-Fu", "Zhong, Nan-Shan", "He, Jian-Xing"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269086", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), consistent and considerable differences in disease severity and mortality rate of patients treated in Hubei province compared to those in other parts of China have been observed. We sought to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients being treated inside and outside Hubei province, and explore the factors underlying these differences. Collaborating with the National Health Commission, we established a retrospective cohort to study hospitalised COVID-19 cases in China. Clinical characteristics, the rate of severe events and deaths, and the time to critical illness (invasive ventilation or intensive care unit admission or death) were compared between patients within and outside Hubei. The impact of Wuhan-related exposure (a presumed key factor that drove the severe situation in Hubei, as Wuhan is the epicentre as well the administrative centre of Hubei province) and the duration between symptom onset and admission on prognosis were also determined. At the data cut-off (31 January 2020), 1590 cases from 575 hospitals in 31 provincial administrative regions were collected (core cohort). The overall rate of severe cases and mortality was 16.0% and 3.2%, respectively. Patients in Hubei (predominantly with Wuhan-related exposure, 597 (92.3%) out of 647) were older (mean age 49.7 versus 44.9\u2005years), had more cases with comorbidity (32.9% versus 19.7%), higher symptomatic burden, abnormal radiologic manifestations and, especially, a longer waiting time between symptom onset and admission (5.7 versus 4.5\u2005days) compared with patients outside Hubei. Patients in Hubei (severe event rate 23.0% versus 11.1%, death rate 7.3% versus 0.3%, HR (95% CI) for critical illness 1.59 (1.05-2.41)) have a poorer prognosis compared with patients outside Hubei after adjusting for age and comorbidity. However, among patients outside Hubei, the duration from symptom onset to hospitalisation (mean 4.4 versus 4.7\u2005days) and prognosis (HR (95%) 0.84 (0.40-1.80)) were similar between patients with or without Wuhan-related exposure. In the overall population, the waiting time, but neither treated in Hubei nor Wuhan-related exposure, remained an independent prognostic factor (HR (95%) 1.05 (1.01-1.08)). There were more severe cases and poorer outcomes for COVID-19 patients treated in Hubei, which might be attributed to the prolonged duration of symptom onset to hospitalisation in the epicentre. Future studies to determine the reason for delaying hospitalisation are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32215579, "title": "Can SARS-CoV-2 Infection Be Acquired In Utero?: More Definitive Evidence Is Needed.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Kimberlin, David W", "Stagno, Sergio"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215579", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458042, "pmcid": "PMC7250260", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Plastic Surgery Residency Training.", "journal": "Aesthetic Plast Surg", "authors": ["Zingaretti, Nicola", "Contessi Negrini, Filippo", "Tel, Alessandro", "Tresoldi, Marco Mario", "Bresadola, Vittorio", "Parodi, Pier Camillo"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458042", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nowadays didactic and surgical activities for residents in the surgery field are less and less due to an increasing burden of documentation and \"non-educational work.\" Considering the current lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic, it has never been so important to find different ways to allow residents to improve their knowledge. We asked all plastic and esthetic surgery residents in our country to fill out a questionnaire to investigate changes in their didactical activity and analyze problems about their professional growth in the last few months. From the results of such questionnaires, we found that most of the residents feel the decrease in surgical activities during this time is a detrimental factor for their training and that even if all the schools have changed their didactical activities no school has introduced the use of virtual simulators to compensate for the decrease in surgical practice. Actually, the majority of residents use webinars to keep updated, stating that such technologies are useful but not sufficient to analyze plastic surgery topics in depth during COVID-19 lockdown. Virtual interactive tools are well known in different clinical and surgical specialties, and they are considered as a valid support, but it seems that in plastic surgery they are not so used. According to the most recent studies about residents' didactical program, we have investigated the potential of Anatomage Table in combination with Touch Surgery application as physical and mental aids to bypass the decreased number and kind of surgical interventions performed in this particular time. Anatomage is an academic user-friendly touch screen table; it is used by both medical students and residents to learn human anatomy and to master surgical anatomy. Touch Surgery is an application available on smartphones and tablets that gives the possibility to watch real and virtually designed surgical videos, accompanied by explanatory comments on the surgical phases; they are interactive and give the possibility to check what you have learned through tests administered after virtual classes. In our opinion, these tools represent reliable solutions to improve plastic residents' training, mostly during the COVID-19 pandemic. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266."}, {"pmid": 32506837, "title": "SARS-COV-2 children transmission: the evidence is that today we do not have enough evidence.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Garcia-Salido, Alberto"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506837", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I have read with interest the review by Ludvigsson on the role of children as transmitters of the new coronavirus (SARS-COV-2). An in-depth review of the current literature focused on 40 published articles and 7 non-peer reviewed papers1 . All the papers included have been done under lockdown conditions. As a consequence, we should not ignore a main bias of this review1 . The main conclusion we can draw now is that under confined conditions, children are not the main drivers of the COVID-19 pandemic. And \"Confined\" is not a normal situation."}, {"pmid": 32468413, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: is our medicine still evidence-based?", "journal": "Ir J Med Sci", "authors": ["Deana, Cristian"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468413", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is no randomized controlled trial that demonstrated the efficacy of antiviral therapy against COVID-19 yet. However, physicians are prescribing different drugs to a large part of COVID-19 population in the hope they will cure them. This does not reflect the evidence-based medicine approach. What we need is more evidence-based knowledge about what routine care practices we should to apply to ameliorate symptoms of patients and fight COVID-19 pathology."}, {"pmid": 32474035, "pmcid": "PMC7255730", "title": "COVID-19 and the Eye.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhong, Yueyang", "Wang, Kai", "Zhu, Yanan", "Lyu, Danni", "Yao, Ke"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474035", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459528, "title": "Risk for COVID-19 Resurgence Related to Duration and Effectiveness of Physical Distancing in Ontario, Canada.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Tuite, Ashleigh R", "Greer, Amy L", "De Keninck, Steven", "Fisman, David N"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459528", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287803, "pmcid": "PMC7131356", "title": "Covid-19 goes global.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["MacKenzie, Debora"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287803", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our chance to limit international outbreaks may be over as the virus spreads in Italy and the Middle East, reports Debora MacKenzie."}, {"pmid": 32183934, "pmcid": "PMC7078824", "title": "Post-discharge surveillance and positive virus detection in two medical staff recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), China, January to February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Xing, Yuanyuan", "Mo, Pingzheng", "Xiao, Yu", "Zhao, Oiu", "Zhang, Yongxi", "Wang, Fan"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32183934", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, 62 medical staff of Zhongnan Hospital in Wuhan, China have been hospitalised with coronavirus disease 2019. During the post-discharge surveillance after clinical recovery, swabs were positive in two asymptomatic cases (3.23%). Case 1 had presented typical clinical and radiological manifestations on admission, while manifestation in Case 2 was very mild. In conclusion, a small proportion of recovered patients may test positive after discharge, and post-discharge surveillance and isolation need to be strengthened."}, {"pmid": 32340900, "pmcid": "PMC7164859", "title": "Risks of viral contamination in healthcare professionals during laparoscopy in the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Veziant, J", "Bourdel, N", "Slim, K"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340900", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has markedly changed our practices. This article analyses the risks of contamination among healthcare professionals (HCPs) during laparoscopic surgery on patients with Covid-19. Harmful effects of aerosols from a pneumoperitoneum, with the virus present, have not yet been quantified. Measures for the protection of HCPs are an extrapolation of those taken during other epidemics. They must still be mandatory to minimise the risk of viral contamination. Protection measures include personal protection equipment for HCPs, adaptation of surgical technique (method for obtaining pneumoperitoneum, filters, preferred intracorporeal anastomosis, precautions during the exsufflation of the pneumoperitoneum), and organisation of the operating room."}, {"pmid": 32242790, "pmcid": "PMC7167485", "title": "The challenges and considerations of community-based preparedness at the onset of COVID-19 outbreak in Iran, 2020.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242790", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 as an emerging disease has spread to 183 countries and territories worldwide as of 20 March 2020. The first COVID-19 case (i.e. the index case) in Iran was observed in the city of Qom on 19 February 2020. One of the cities of Markazi Province is Delijan, which shares a border with Qom. Consequently, COVID-19 has quickly spread in this city because a large population commutes daily between the two cities. This study aimed to report the challenges and considerations of community-based preparedness at the onset of COVID-19 outbreak in a city of Iran in 2020."}, {"pmid": 32296246, "pmcid": "PMC7158813", "title": "[Whether to make decisions \"on the fly\" regarding treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["de Medrano, V Abril Lopez", "de Lucas, E Merino", "Salavert Lleti, M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296246", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395187, "pmcid": "PMC7213551", "title": "Glycaemic Control Among People with Type 1 Diabetes During Lockdown for the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "Diabetes Ther", "authors": ["Bonora, Benedetta Maria", "Boscari, Federico", "Avogaro, Angelo", "Bruttomesso, Daniela", "Fadini, Gian Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395187", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late February 2020, due to the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the Italian Government closed down all educational and sport activities. In March, it introduced further measures to stop the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), placing the country in a state of almost complete lockdown. We report the impact of these restrictions on glucose control among people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Data were collected on 33 individuals with T1D who were monitoring their glucose levels using a flash glucose monitoring device and remotely connected to the diabetes clinic on a cloud platform. We retrieved information on average glucose, standard deviation and percentage time in hypoglycaemia (<\u200970\u00a0mg/dl), glucose range (70-180\u00a0mg/dl) and hyperglycaemia (>\u2009180\u00a0mg/dl). We compared glycaemic measures collected during lockdown to those collected before the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and to the periods immediately before lockdown. In 20 patients who had stopped working and were at home as a result of the lockdown, overall glycaemic control improved during the first 7\u00a0days of the lockdown as compared to the weeks before the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Average glucose declined from 177\u2009\u00b1\u200945\u00a0mg/dl (week before lockdown) to 160\u2009\u00b1\u200940\u00a0mg/dl (lockdown; p\u2009=\u20090.005) and the standard deviation improved significantly. Time in range increased from 54.4 to 65.2% (p\u2009=\u20090.010), and time in hyperglycaemia decreased from 42.3 to 31.6% (p\u2009=\u20090.016). The number of scans per day remained unchanged. In 13 patients who continued working, none of the measures of glycaemic control changed during lockdown. Despite the limited possibility to exercise and the incumbent psychologic stress, glycaemic control improved in patients with T1D who stopped working during the lockdown, suggesting that slowing down routine daily activities can have beneficial effects on T1D management, at least in the short term."}, {"pmid": 32267139, "title": "Hsa-miR-217 Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Via Targeting SIRT1 and P53/KAI1 Signaling", "journal": "Balkan Med J", "authors": ["Jiang, Wenxia", "Hou, Likun", "Wei, Juan", "Du, Yifeng", "Zhao, Yan", "Deng, Xue", "Lin, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267139", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Brain metastasis is a major cause of cancer death in patients with lung cancer. Sirtuin 1 and hsa-miR-217 have been identified to mediate the development of non-small cell lung cancer. To investigate the roles of hsa-miR-217, its target sirtuin 1, and the P53/KAI1 axis in the brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer. Cell culture study. Human pulmonary adenocarcinoma brain metastasis cell line PC-14/B were incubated and treated with constructed lentiviral plasmids expressing miR-217 and/or sirtuin 1. BEAS-2B cell line was used as a control. The targeted regulation of miR-217 to sirtuin 1was examined using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and related protein expression were detected to examine the effect of the miR-217/sirtuin 1 expression on metastasis. PC-14/B cells expressed higher sirtuin 1 and lower P53 and KAI1 compared with BEAS-2B control cells (p<0.05). Sirtuin 1 was a direct target of miR-217. MiR-217 expression suppressed PC-14/B cell invasion (p=0.004), migration (p=0.001), and proliferation (p<0.05), whereas sirtuin 1 overexpression reversed all processes. sirtuin 1 expression inhibited P53, KAI1/CD82, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and \u03b2-catenin but upregulated E-cadherin protein. MiR-217 overexpression induced reverse changes. Hsa-miR-217 and its target sirtuin 1 acted as metastasis suppressor and promoter gene in non-small cell lung cancer, respectively. The hsa-miR-217/sirtuin 1/P53/KAI1 metastasis regulatory pathway showed novel and crucial roles in brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer. This axis might be a potential target for the treatment of brain metastasis of lung cancer."}, {"pmid": 32256547, "pmcid": "PMC7105280", "title": "Clinical trials on drug repositioning for COVID-19 treatment.", "journal": "Rev Panam Salud Publica", "authors": ["Rosa, Sandro G Viveiros", "Santos, Wilson C"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32256547", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) was informed on December 2019 about a coronavirus pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, Hubei province (China). Subsequently, on March 12, 2020, 125,048 cases and 4,614 deaths were reported. Coronavirus is an enveloped RNA virus, from the genus Betacoronavirus, that is distributed in birds, humans, and other mammals. WHO has named the novel coronavirus disease as COVID-19. More than 80 clinical trials have been launched to test coronavirus treatment, including some drug repurposing or repositioning for COVID-19. Hence, we performed a search in March 2020 of the clinicaltrials.gov database. The eligibility criteria for the retrieved studies were: contain a clinicaltrials.gov base identifier number; describe the number of participants and the period for the study; describe the participants' clinical conditions; and utilize interventions with medicines already studied or approved for any other disease in patients infected with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV). It is essential to emphasize that this article only captured trials listed in the clinicaltrials.gov database. We identified 24 clinical trials, involving more than 20 medicines, such as human immunoglobulin, interferons, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, arbidol, remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir, ritonavir, oseltamivir, methylprednisolone, bevacizumab, and traditional Chinese medicines (TCM). Although drug repurposing has some limitations, repositioning clinical trials may represent an attractive strategy because they facilitate the discovery of new classes of medicines; they have lower costs and take less time to reach the market; and there are existing pharmaceutical supply chains for formulation and distribution."}, {"pmid": 32344369, "pmcid": "PMC7146672", "title": "Letter to the Editor in Response to article: \"Clinical considerations for patients with diabetes in times of COVID-19 epidemic (Gupta et al.)\".", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Home, Philip"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344369", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436038, "pmcid": "PMC7237876", "title": "[How badly is the coronavirus pandemic affecting orthopaedic and trauma surgery clinics? : An analysis of the first 5 weeks].", "journal": "Orthopade", "authors": ["von Dercks, Nikolaus", "Korner, Christian", "Heyde, Christoph-E", "Theopold, Jan"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436038", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The corona pandemic poses enormous financial challenges for hospitals. Using the example of a\u00a0clinic for orthopaedics and trauma surgery, the performance development of the first 5 weeks in comparison to last year and an evaluation of the compensation measures laid down by law will be evaluated. Based on the performance figures, a\u00a0comparison is made between the period 16.03 to 17.04.2019 and the same period in 2020. Changes in the number of cases, case mix, case-mix index and day-mix index, as well as the occupancy days are recorded. The monetary measures from the COVID-19 Hospital Relief Act are applied to these changes, and the adequacy is evaluated. Compared to last year, there was a\u00a0decrease in inpatient admissions of n\u202f=\u2009307 patients in the observation period. As a\u00a0result, there was a\u00a0decrease of 595 points in case mix and 2320 days of occupancy. This results in a\u00a0decrease in revenue of approximately EUR\u00a01.9\u00a0million. The flat rate for empty beds represents the largest monetary compensation for the loss of revenue. It amounts to approximately EUR\u00a01.3\u00a0million. Taking into account further support and an adjustment for variable costs, a\u00a0deficit of EUR\u00a0382,069 remains for 5 weeks. The measures taken by the Government are an important pillar for the economic security of German hospitals. The lack of differentiation of measures by specialty leads to insufficient compensation for orthopaedics and trauma surgery."}, {"pmid": 32157848, "title": "[Practice and Reflection on the Battle against COVID-19 by Guangdong Medical Aid Team in the city of Honghu].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhu, H", "Shi, W Z", "Liu, L", "Gong, M C", "Guo, Y", "Deng, G P", "Xu, T L", "Lin, K C"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32157848", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314871, "pmcid": "PMC7264780", "title": "Targeting the Adipose Tissue in COVID-19.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Malavazos, Alexis Elias", "Corsi Romanelli, Massimiliano Marco", "Bandera, Francesco", "Iacobellis, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314871", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501747, "title": "Usefulness of a Telemedicine Tool TELEA in the Management of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Rabunal, Ramon", "Suarez-Gil, Roi", "Golpe, Rafael", "Martinez-Garcia, Monica", "Gomez-Mendez, Raquel", "Romay-Lema, Eva", "Perez-Lopez, Antia", "Rodriguez-Alvarez, Ana", "Bal-Alvaredo, Mercedes"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501747", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Background:\n                    The usefulness of telemedicine in the management of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not been evaluated.\n                        Methods:\n                    We conducted a descriptive study of the process of recruitment and follow-up of patients using a telemedicine tool (TELEA) in the management of patients at risk, in a rural environment with a dispersed population in Lugo in north western Spain.\n                        Results:\n                    A large number of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection (N\u2009=\u2009545) were evaluated. Of this group, 275 had comorbidities and were enrolled in the program, with a mean age of 57.6\u2009\u00b1\u200916.3 years, 43.1% male. The risk factors were hypertension (38%), diabetes (16%), asthma (9.5%), heart disease (8.8%), and immunosuppression (5.1%). Patients were followed through the platform with daily control of symptoms and vital signs. Only 8% were admitted to the hospital, 5.1% on a scheduled basis and 2.9% through the emergency room.\n                        Conclusion:\n                    The telemedicine tool TELEA is useful for the management of high-risk patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32405236, "pmcid": "PMC7217786", "title": "Comparative review of respiratory diseases caused by coronaviruses and influenza A viruses during epidemic season.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Jiang, Chao", "Yao, Xingang", "Zhao, Yulin", "Wu, Jianmin", "Huang, Pan", "Pan, Chunhua", "Liu, Shuwen", "Pan, Chungen"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405236", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to sweep the world, causing infection of millions and death of hundreds of thousands. The respiratory disease that it caused, COVID-19 (stands for coronavirus disease in 2019), has similar clinical symptoms with other two CoV diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome (SARS and MERS), of which causative viruses are SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, respectively. These three CoVs resulting diseases also share many clinical symptoms with other respiratory diseases caused by influenza A viruses (IAVs). Since both CoVs and IAVs are general pathogens responsible for seasonal cold, in the next few months, during the changing of seasons, clinicians and public heath may have to distinguish COVID-19 pneumonia from other kinds of viral pneumonia. This is a discussion and comparison of the virus structures, transmission characteristics, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, pathological changes, treatment and prevention of the two kinds of viruses, CoVs and IAVs. It hopes to provide information for practitioners in the medical field during the epidemic season."}, {"pmid": 32344809, "title": "Psychological and Behavioral Responses in South Korea During the Early Stages of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Lee, Minjung", "You, Myoungsoon"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344809", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: The psychological and behavioral responses during the early stage of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea were investigated to guide the public as full and active participants of public health emergency preparedness (PHEP), which is essential to improving resilience and reducing the population's fundamental vulnerability. Methods: Data were collected through an online survey four weeks after the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) confirmed the first case in South Korea; 973 subjects were included in the analysis. Results: Respondents' perceived risk of COVID-19 infection; the majority of respondents reported that their perceived chance of infection was \"neither high nor low\" (51.3%). The average perceived severity score was higher than perceived susceptibility; 48.6 % reported that the severity would be \"high,\" while 19.9% reported \"very high.\" Many respondents reported taking precautions, 67.8% reported always practicing hand hygiene, and 63.2% reported always wearing a facial mask when outside. Approximately 50% reported postponing or canceling social events, and 41.5% were avoiding crowded places. Practicing precautionary behaviors associated strongly with perceived risk and response efficacy of the behavior. Conclusions: Our study confirmed the significance of the psychological responses, which associated with behavioral responses and significantly influenced the public's level of public health emergency preparedness regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. This result has consequences not only for implementing public health strategies for the pandemic but also for understanding future emerging infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32235923, "title": "How the coronavirus pandemic is affecting the world's biggest physics experiments.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Castelvecchi, Davide"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235923", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388462, "pmcid": "PMC7204696", "title": "A glimpse into the eye of the COVID-19 cytokine storm.", "journal": "EBioMedicine", "authors": ["Kuppalli, Krutika", "Rasmussen, Angela L"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388462", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363223, "pmcid": "PMC7195040", "title": "Genomics functional analysis and drug screening of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Genes Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Long", "Zhong, Li"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363223", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus appeared in Wuhan, China has led to major outbreaks. Recently, rapid classification of virus species, analysis of genome and screening for effective drugs are the most important tasks. In the present study, through literature review, sequence alignment, ORF identification, motif recognition, secondary and tertiary structure prediction, the whole genome of SARS-CoV-2 were comprehensively analyzed. To find effective drugs, the parameters of binding sites were calculated by SeeSAR. In addition, potential miRNAs were predicted according to RNA base-pairing. After prediction by using NCBI, WebMGA and GeneMark and comparison, a total of 8 credible ORFs were detected. Even the whole genome have great difference with other CoVs, each ORF has high homology with SARS-CoVs (>90%). Furthermore, domain composition in each ORFs was also similar to SARS. In the DrugBank database, only 7 potential drugs were screened based on the sequence search module. Further predicted binding sites between drug and ORFs revealed that 2-(N-Morpholino)-ethanesulfonic acid could bind 1# ORF in 4 different regions ideally. Meanwhile, both benzyl (2-oxopropyl) carbamate and 4-(dimehylamina) benzoic acid have bene demonstrated to inhibit SARS-CoV infection effectively. Interestingly, 2 miRNAs (miR-1307-3p and miR-3613-5p) were predicted to prevent virus replication via targeting 3'-UTR of the genome or as biomarkers. In conclusion, the novel coronavirus may have consanguinity with SARS. Drugs used to treat SARS may also be effective against the novel virus. In addition, altering miRNA expression may become a potential therapeutic schedule."}, {"pmid": 32453817, "title": "Accelerating Education During COVID-19 Through Virtual Learning.", "journal": "Aesthet Surg J", "authors": ["Nahai, Foad", "Kenkel, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453817", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291137, "pmcid": "PMC7151347", "title": "Can we use interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS)?", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Liu, Bingwen", "Li, Min", "Zhou, Zhiguang", "Guan, Xuan", "Xiang, Yufei"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291137", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiorgan dysfunction are among the leading causes of death in critically ill patients with COVID-19. The elevated inflammatory cytokines suggest that a cytokine storm, also known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), may play a major role in the pathology of COVID-19. However, the efficacy of corticosteroids, commonly utilized antiinflammatory agents, to treat COVID-19-induced CRS is controversial. There is an urgent need for novel therapies to treat COVID-19-induced CRS. Here, we discuss the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-induced CRS, compare the CRS in COVID-19 with that in SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and summarize the existing therapies for CRS. We propose to utilize interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade to manage COVID-19-induced CRS and discuss several factors that should be taken into consideration for its clinical application."}, {"pmid": 32422200, "pmcid": "PMC7228702", "title": "Toward a clinically based classification of disease severity for paediatric COVID-19 - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Dong", "Tang, Feng", "Lu, Shushu", "Song, Qifa"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422200", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503857, "title": "Clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases treated with biological and synthetic targeted therapies.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Sanchez-Piedra, Carlos", "Diaz-Torne, Cesar", "Manero, Javier", "Pego-Reigosa, Jose M", "Rua-Figueroa, Inigo", "Gonzalez-Gay, Miguel A", "Gomez-Reino, Juan", "Alvaro-Gracia, Jose M"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503857", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352523, "pmcid": "PMC7197547", "title": "Protecting healthcare workers from inhaled SARS-CoV-2 virus.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Cherrie, John W", "Loh, Miranda", "Aitken, Robert J"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352523", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336012, "pmcid": "PMC7267599", "title": "Acute care surgery and post-operative COVID-19 pneumonia: a surgical and environmental challenge.", "journal": "ANZ J Surg", "authors": ["Lepre, Luca", "Costa, Gianluca", "Virno, Vincenzo A", "Dalsasso, Giuseppe", "Campa, Rossella D", "Clavarino, Federico", "Petrucciani, Niccolo"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336012", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458019, "pmcid": "PMC7250252", "title": "The Decreasing Incidence of Acute Appendicitis During COVID-19: A Retrospective Multi-centre Study.", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Tankel, James", "Keinan, Aner", "Blich, Ori", "Koussa, Michael", "Helou, Brigitte", "Shay, Shahaf", "Zugayar, Diaa", "Pikarsky, Alon", "Mazeh, Haggi", "Spira, Ram", "Reissman, Petachia"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458019", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) spreads, a decrease in the number of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) has been noted in our institutions. The aim of this study was to compare the incidence and severity of AA before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective cohort analysis was performed between December 2019 and April 2020 in the four high-volume centres that provide health care to the municipality of Jerusalem, Israel. Two groups were created. Group A consisted of patients who presented in the 7\u00a0weeks prior to COVID-19 first being diagnosed, whilst those in the 7\u00a0weeks after were allocated to Group B. A comparison was performed between the clinicopathological features of the patients in each group as was the changing incidence of AA. A total of 378 patients were identified, 237 in Group A and 141 in Group B (62.7% vs. 37.3%). Following the onset of COVID-19, the\u00a0weekly incidence of AA decreased by\u00a040.7% (p\u2009=\u20090.02). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of\u00a0the length of preoperative symptoms or surgery, need for postoperative peritoneal drainage or the distribution of complicated versus uncomplicated appendicitis. The significant decrease in the number of patients admitted with AA during the onset of COVID-19 possibly represents successful resolution of mild appendicitis treated symptomatically by patients at home. Further research is needed to corroborate this assumption and identify those patients who may benefit from this treatment pathway."}, {"pmid": 32512629, "title": "An effective protocol for heart transplantation during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Transpl Int", "authors": ["Boffini, Massimo", "Pidello, Stefano", "Simonato, Erika", "Barbero, Cristina", "Attisani, Matteo", "Trompeo, Anna", "De Ferrari, Gaetano Maria", "Rinaldi, Mauro"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512629", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and worldwide diffusion, transplant centers have been challenged with novel issues such as the opportunity to maintain transplant programs during the pandemic phase. General recommendations have been provided by scientific societies however, specific protocols are required to limit virus diffusion during the various phases of transplant procedure. Since the beginning of COVID-19 outbreak we have adopted a dedicated protocol to \"protect\" our newly heart transplanted patients during the pandemic. The protocol focused on a careful exclusion of SARS-CoV-2 infection of both donors and recipients and on evaluation of the risk-to-benefit ratio between the urgent needs of the recipient and its COVID-19-related risk. Since we adopted the described strategy, we have performed eleven heart transplants. No patient had in-hospital SARS-CoV-2 infection. Only one patient died on waiting list. Our initial experience supports the maintenance of transplant programs even during the epidemic phase of the infection."}, {"pmid": 32519760, "title": "Diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia despite missing detection of viral nucleic acid and initially inconspicuous radiologic findings.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Schiller, Martin", "Wydra, Stephan", "Kerl, Hans Ulrich", "Kick, Wolfgang"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519760", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mainly based on a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result. PCR samples are obtained from upper or lower respiratory tract specimens. However, the sensitivity of PCR is known to have some limitations. We report on a patient who was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea, fever, cough and history of contact to a SARS-CoV-2 infected relative. The initial chest computed tomography (CT) showed only minimal changes and SARS-CoV-2 PCR from a nasopharyngeal swab sample was negative. PCR results obtained from further nasopharyngeal swabs, qualified sputum samples, and from a lower respiratory tract specimen also remained negative. At day 13 after admission, a second chest CT showed radiological findings suspicious for viral pneumonia. Finally, serologic results showed high levels of IgG and IgA antibodies against the S1 domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the patient was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32192561, "title": "Pharmacy Services and the Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "Sr Care Pharm", "authors": ["Alderman, Chris"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192561", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pharmacists around the world can expect to be affected by the coronavirus, especially those who provide care for older people who are at a much higher risk for grave consequences from the virus. It is critical that pharmacists maintain awareness of the evolving pandemic and access reliable information to remain familiar with developments."}, {"pmid": 32339555, "pmcid": "PMC7194676", "title": "Adapting Urology Residency Training in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Kwon, Young Suk", "Tabakin, Alexandra L", "Patel, Hiren V", "Backstrand, Jeffrey R", "Jang, Thomas L", "Kim, Isaac Y", "Singer, Eric A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339555", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217719, "title": "COVID-19 drives new threat to bats in China.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Zhao, Huabin"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217719", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312477, "pmcid": "PMC7161516", "title": "Elective surgery in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Diaz, Adrian", "Sarac, Benjamin A", "Schoenbrunner, Anna R", "Janis, Jeffrey E", "Pawlik, Timothy M"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312477", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420955, "title": "Preliminary epidemiological analysis on children and adolescents with novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) in a central area of Calabria region.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Talarico, Valentina", "Nicoletti, Angela", "Sabetta, Lucilla", "Minchella, Pasquale", "Raiola, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420955", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "not available."}, {"pmid": 32410245, "pmcid": "PMC7272974", "title": "The clinical characteristic of eight patients of COVID-19 with positive RT-PCR test after discharge.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cao, Hong", "Ruan, Lei", "Liu, Jian", "Liao, Wenhui"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410245", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The phenomenon of positive real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result of SARS-CoV-2 in recovered patients had occurred and the research about these patients was rare. In our study, we did a retrospective review of medical records from COVID-19 patients admitted to one ward of Tongji Hospital of Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology from 10 February to 13 April 2020. From 10 February to 13 April 2020, there were 108 patients of COVID-19 admitted in the one ward of Tongji Hospital. Among them, eight cases were readmission patients because the RT-PCR result of SARS-CoV-2 was positive again after discharge. On the second admission, they had no symptoms and their chest computed tomography was almost normal. Data from laboratory tests of the readmission patients showed that all eight patients had normal white blood cell count, lymphocyte count. The inflammatory factors like procalcitonin and interleukin 6 were normal. After treatment, two patients met the standard and were discharged. The other six patients were still in the hospital because their RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2 did not get three consecutive negative results and the course of two patients had persisted more than 90 days. We still needed to be alert that these patients could infect other people as a source of infection, and we also needed to be alert that these patients become chronic virus carriers. It also aroused our concern about the discharge standard of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32443101, "title": "Nurses: Courageous, Committed, and Fed Up.", "journal": "Am J Nurs", "authors": ["Kennedy, Maureen Shawn"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443101", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a watershed moment for nurses."}, {"pmid": 32224232, "pmcid": "PMC7195089", "title": "COVID-19: Pandemic Contingency Planning for the Allergy and Immunology Clinic.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Shaker, Marcus S", "Oppenheimer, John", "Grayson, Mitchell", "Stukus, David", "Hartog, Nicholas", "Hsieh, Elena W Y", "Rider, Nicholas", "Dutmer, Cullen M", "Vander Leek, Timothy K", "Kim, Harold", "Chan, Edmond S", "Mack, Doug", "Ellis, Anne K", "Lang, David", "Lieberman, Jay", "Fleischer, David", "Golden, David B K", "Wallace, Dana", "Portnoy, Jay", "Mosnaim, Giselle", "Greenhawt, Matthew"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224232", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the event of a global infectious pandemic, drastic measures may be needed that limit or require adjustment of ambulatory allergy services. However, no rationale for how to prioritize service shut down and patient care exists. A consensus-based ad-hoc expert panel of allergy/immunology specialists from the United States and Canada developed a service and patient prioritization schematic to temporarily triage allergy/immunology services. Recommendations and feedback were developed iteratively, using an adapted modified Delphi methodology to achieve consensus. During the ongoing pandemic while social distancing is being encouraged, most allergy/immunology care could be postponed/delayed or handled through virtual care. With the exception of many patients with primary immunodeficiency, patients on venom immunotherapy, and patients with asthma of a certain severity, there is limited need for face-to-face visits under such conditions. These suggestions are intended to help provide a logical approach to quickly adjust service to mitigate risk to both medical staff and patients. Importantly, individual community circumstances may be unique and require contextual consideration. The decision to enact any of these measures rests with the judgment of each clinician and individual health care system. Pandemics are unanticipated, and enforced social distancing/quarantining is highly unusual. This expert panel consensus document offers a prioritization rational to help guide decision making when such situations arise and an allergist/immunologist is forced to reduce services or makes the decision on his or her own to do so."}, {"pmid": 32459415, "title": "Editorial Decisions on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Chescheir, Nancy C"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459415", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455471, "title": "Our First Month of Delivering the Prostate Cancer Diagnostic Pathway within the Limitations of COVID-19 Using Local Anaesthetic Transperineal Biopsy.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Popert, Rick", "Kum, Francesca", "MacAskill, Findlay", "Stroman, Luke", "Zisengwe, Grace", "Rusere, Jonah", "Haire, Kate", "Challacombe, Ben", "Cathcart, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455471", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is impacting all urological cancer services. On March 19th the British Association of Urological Surgeons (BAUS) provided pragmatic guidance for prostate cancer diagnostic services (Table 1).(1)."}, {"pmid": 32292203, "pmcid": "PMC7139249", "title": "Impacts of the coronavirus pandemic on biodiversity conservation.", "journal": "Biol Conserv", "authors": ["Corlett, Richard T", "Primack, Richard B", "Devictor, Vincent", "Maas, Bea", "Goswami, Varun R", "Bates, Amanda E", "Koh, Lian Pin", "Regan, Tracey J", "Loyola, Rafael", "Pakeman, Robin J", "Cumming, Graeme S", "Pidgeon, Anna", "Johns, David", "Roth, Robin"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292203", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396397, "title": "Managing Diabetes in Pregnancy Before, During, and After COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Technol Ther", "authors": ["Murphy, Helen R"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396397", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Background:\n                     Pregnant women with diabetes are identified as being more vulnerable to the severe effects of COVID-19 and advised to stringently follow social distancing measures. Here, we review the management of diabetes in pregnancy before and during the lockdown. \n                        Methods:\n                     Majority of antenatal diabetes and obstetric visits are provided remotely, with pregnant women attending hospital clinics only for essential ultrasound scans and labor and delivery. Online resources for supporting women planning pregnancy and for self-management of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) using intermittent or continuous glucose monitoring are provided. Retinal screening procedures, intrapartum care, and the varying impact of lockdown on maternal glycemic control are considered. Alternative screening procedures for diagnosing hyperglycemia during pregnancy and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are discussed. Case histories describe the remote initiation of insulin pump therapy and automated insulin delivery in T1D pregnancy. \n                        Results:\n                     Initial feedback suggests that video consultations are well received and that the patient experiences for women requiring face-to-face visits are greatly improved. As the pandemic eases, formal evaluation of remote models of diabetes education and technology implementation, including women's views, will be important. \n                        Conclusions:\n                     Research and audit activities will resume and we will find new ways for supporting pregnant women with diabetes to choose their preferred glucose monitoring and insulin delivery."}, {"pmid": 32474026, "pmcid": "PMC7247474", "title": "Lopinavir/ritonavir use in Covid-19 infection: is it completely non-beneficial?", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Owa, Adewale Bayode", "Owa, Olufunke Tolulope"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474026", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 infection caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-COV-2 continues to be a major global health challenge. Till date, no drug has been approved for the treatment of this infection. A number of medications have been proposed and there are ongoing clinical trials around the world to find a suitable treatment. A recent randomised control trial compared lopinavir/ritonavir with standard care among 199 patients with severe Covid-19 infection and concluded that there was no significant reduction in mortality rate with lopinavir/ritonavir. However, there are a few important lessons which may be learnt from the study apart from the statistical reduction in mortality rate. There was a numerical reduction in mortality rate, less intensive care unit stay and less complications in the lopinavir-ritonavir group. This article points out some of those important lessons with some suggestions for future clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32426750, "pmcid": "PMC7188438", "title": "Fact Versus Science Fiction: Fighting Coronavirus Disease 2019 Requires the Wisdom to Know the Difference.", "journal": "Crit Care Explor", "authors": ["Ingraham, Nicholas E", "Tignanelli, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426750", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265065, "pmcid": "PMC7102516", "title": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A primer for emergency physicians.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Chavez, Summer", "Long, Brit", "Koyfman, Alex", "Liang, Stephen Y"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265065", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid worldwide spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global pandemic. This review article provides emergency physicians with an overview of the most current understanding of COVID-19 and recommendations on the evaluation and management of patients with suspected COVID-19. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for causing COVID-19, is primarily transmitted from person-to-person through close contact (approximately 6\u00a0ft) by respiratory droplets. Symptoms of COVID-19 are similar to other viral upper respiratory illnesses. Three major trajectories include mild disease with upper respiratory symptoms, non-severe pneumonia, and severe pneumonia complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Emergency physicians should focus on identifying patients at risk, isolating suspected patients, and informing hospital infection prevention and public health authorities. Patients with suspected COVID-19 should be asked to wear a facemask. Respiratory etiquette, hand washing, and personal protective equipment are recommended for all healthcare personnel caring for suspected cases. Disposition depends on patient symptoms, hemodynamic status, and patient ability to self-quarantine. This narrative review provides clinicians with an updated approach to the evaluation and management of patients presenting to the emergency department with suspected COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32450927, "title": "COVID-19: Stroke Admissions, Emergency Department Visits, and Prevention Clinic Referrals.", "journal": "Can J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Bres Bullrich, Maria", "Fridman, Sebastian", "Mandzia, Jennifer L", "Mai, Lauren M", "Khaw, Alexander", "Vargas Gonzalez, Juan Camilo", "Bagur, Rodrigo", "Sposato, Luciano A"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450927", "countries": ["Canada", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We assessed the impact of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic on code stroke activations in the ED, stroke unit admissions, and referrals to the stroke prevention clinic at London's regional stroke center, serving a population of 1.8 million in Ontario, Canada. We found a 20% drop in the number of code strokes in 2020 compared to 2019, immediately after the first cases of COVID-19 were officially confirmed. There were no changes in the number of stroke admissions and there was a 22% decrease in the number of clinic referrals, only after the provincial lockdown. Our findings suggest that the decrease in code strokes was mainly driven by patient-related factors such as fear to be exposed to the SARS-CoV-2, while the reduction in clinic referrals was largely explained by hospital policies and the Government lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32483288, "pmcid": "PMC7262489", "title": "Containment of a traceable COVID-19 outbreak among healthcare workers at a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation unit.", "journal": "Bone Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Buchtele, N", "Rabitsch, W", "Knaus, H A", "Wohlfarth, P"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335609, "title": "Clinical Profile of Cases of COVID-19 in Far Western Province of Nepal.", "journal": "J Nepal Health Res Counc", "authors": ["Joshi, Jagadish", "Mishra, Pradip", "Kamar, Sher Bahadur", "Sharma, Nirajan Datta", "Parajuli, Janaki", "Sharma, Seema", "Pandey, Hem Raj"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335609", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cause various symptoms such as pneumonia, fever, breathing difficult and lung infection. Till now, total 9 cases are reported in Nepal and 4 cases from this province. This case series is to describe the initial clinical features of COVID-19 among the patients admitted in isolation ward of Seti Provincial Hospital. Oropharyngeal swab was taken from all four patients and sample was transfer to national reference laboratory. Three patients were coming from infected country and one is local transmission. Age of patients was range from 20 to 40 years of age with male preponderance. The patient coming from United Arab Emirate was presented with mild symptoms and others were asymptomatic. More tests, contact tracing and keeping them in quarantine are the necessitated action need to be taken by government of Nepal. Keywords: COVID-19; local transmission; oropharyngeal swab."}, {"pmid": 32227668, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak at the Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Jorstad, Oystein Kalsnes", "Moe, Morten Carstens", "Eriksen, Ketil", "Petrovski, Goran", "Bragadottir, Ragnheiethur"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227668", "countries": ["Norway"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420073, "pmcid": "PMC7225133", "title": "Challenges and countermeasures of thoracic oncology in the epidemic of COVID-19.", "journal": "Transl Lung Cancer Res", "authors": ["Guo, Haoyue", "Chen, Xiaoxia", "Su, Chunxia", "Liu, Yu", "Wang, Hao", "Sun, Chenglong", "Chen, Peixin", "Jiang, Minlin", "Xu, Yi", "Wu, Shengyu", "Jia, Keyi", "Zhao, Sha", "Li, Wei", "Chen, Bin", "Wang, Lei", "Yu, Jia", "Xiong, Anwen", "Gao, Guanghui", "Wu, Fengying", "Li, Jiayu", "Ye, Lingyun", "Bo, Bing", "Chen, Shen", "Ren, Shengxiang", "He, Yayi", "Zhou, Caicun"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420073", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December, 2019, a 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, and the epidemic situation has continued to spread globally. The epidemic spread of COVID-19 has brought great challenges to the clinical practice of thoracic oncology. Outpatient clinics need to strengthen the differential diagnosis of initial symptoms, pulmonary ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, interstitial and/or interlobular septal thickening, and crazy paving appearance. In the routine of oncology, the differential diagnosis of adverse events from COVID-19 is also significant, including radiation pneumonitis, checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP), neutropenic fever, and so on. During the epidemic, indications of transbronchial biopsy (TBB) and CT-guided percutaneous thoracic biopsy are strictly controlled. For patients who are planning to undergo biopsy operation, screening to exclude the possibility of COVID-19 should be carried out. For confirmed or suspected patients, three-level protection should be performed during the operation. Disinfection and isolation measures should be strictly carried out during the operation. At last, more attention to the protection of cancer patients and give priority to the treatment of infected cancer patients."}, {"pmid": 32284222, "pmcid": "PMC7151365", "title": "The active role of a blood center in outpacing the transfusion transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "Transfus Clin Biol", "authors": ["Raturi, Manish", "Kusum, Anuradha"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284222", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426001, "pmcid": "PMC7229928", "title": "[Colchicine: a potential therapeutic tool against COVID-19. Experience of 5 patients].", "journal": "Reumatol Clin", "authors": ["Montealegre-Gomez, Giovanni", "Garavito, Edgar", "Gomez-Lopez, Arley", "Rojas-Villarraga, Adriana", "Parra-Medina, Rafael"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426001", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a newly emerged disease that has become a global public health challenge. Due to a lack of knowledge about the virus, a significant number of potential targets for using a particular drug\u2009have been proposed. Five cases with a clinical history of biopolymers in the gluteal region that developed iatrogenic allogenosis (IA) are presented here. The 5 cases were put under colchicine treatment for IA crisis and had non-specific symptoms (headache, cough without dyspnoea, and arthralgias) with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Their close contacts had mild to severe symptoms and three of them died. In the SARS-CoV-2 infection different inflammatory pathways are altered where colchicine reduces cytokine levels as well as the activation of macrophages, neutrophils, and the inflammasome. The possible mechanisms that colchicine may use to prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with COVID-19 infection are also reviewed in this article."}, {"pmid": 32364126, "pmcid": "PMC7165283", "title": "Will neurological care change over the next 5 years due to the COVID-19 pandemic? Key informant consensus survey.", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Matias-Guiu, J", "Matias-Guiu, J A", "Alvarez-Sabin, J", "Ramon Ara, J", "Arenillas, J", "Casado-Naranjo, I", "Castellanos, M", "Jimenez-Hernandez, M D", "Lainez-Andres, J M", "Moral, E", "Morales, A", "Rodriguez-Antiguedad, A", "Segura, T", "Serrano-Castro, P", "Diez-Tejedor, E"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364126", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic will give rise to long-term changes in neurological care, which are not easily predictable. A key informant survey was used to enquire about the changes expected in the specialty over the next 5 years. The survey was completed by heads of neurology departments with broad knowledge of the situation, having been active during the pandemic. Despite a low level of consensus between participants, there was strong (85%) and moderate consensus (70%) about certain subjects, mainly the increase in precautions to be taken, the use of telemedicine and teleconsultations, the reduction of care provided in in-person consultations to avoid the presence of large numbers of people in waiting rooms, the development of remote training solutions, and the changes in monitoring visits during clinical trials. There was consensus that there would be no changes to the indication of complementary testing or neurological examination. The key informant survey identified the foreseeable changes in neurological care after the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32405183, "pmcid": "PMC7212283", "title": "Gastrointestinal and Liver Manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Exp Hepatol", "authors": ["Agarwal, Amol", "Chen, Alan", "Ravindran, Nishal", "To, Chau", "Thuluvath, Paul J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405183", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The worldwide pandemic of COVID-19, caused by the virus SARS-CoV,-2 has continued to progress, and increasing information is becoming available about the incidence of digestive symptoms as well as abnormal liver-associated enzymes in patients who are infected. These are postulated to be related to the virus's use of ACE-2 receptors located on certain intestinal cells, cholangiocytes, and hepatocytes. This brief review summarizes the available limited data on digestive manifestations of COVID-19. A significant proportion of COVID-19 patients can present initially with only digestive complaints. The most common digestive symptoms are anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Liver-related transaminases are elevated in a substantial proportion of patients, although generally only mildly elevated. Currently there is no firm evidence to suggest that severity of digestive symptoms corresponds to severity of COVID-19 clinical course, however, more severe alterations in liver enzymes may correlate with worse clinical course. Given use of antiviral and antibacterial agents in sicker patients, drug-induced liver injury cannot be ruled out either in these cases. Although viral RNA can be detected in stool, it is unclear whether fecal-oral transmission can be achieved by the virus. As further data becomes available, our understanding of the digestive manifestations of COVID-19 will continue to evolve."}, {"pmid": 32332048, "title": "How COVID-19 Has Changed the Management of Glomerular Diseases.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Bomback, Andrew S", "Canetta, Pietro A", "Ahn, Wooin", "Ahmad, Syeda B", "Radhakrishnan, Jai", "Appel, Gerald B"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332048", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407552, "pmcid": "PMC7272899", "title": "Thrombotic occlusive vasculopathy in skin biopsy from a livedoid lesion of a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Llamas-Velasco, M", "Munoz-Hernandez, P", "Lazaro-Gonzalez, J", "Reolid-Perez, A", "Abad-Santamaria, B", "Fraga, J", "Dauden-Tello, E"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407552", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some authors have reported the presence of cutaneous lesions related to new COronaVirus Disease 2019 (CoViD-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2, in up to 20.4% of the cases; however, these lesions are not well characterized either clinically or histopathologically.1 Recently, it has been highlighted the finding of congested and edematous blood vessels in the alveolar septum along with hyaline thrombi, and also in the heart, liver and kidney of autopsies of 3 patients deceased due to severe infection by SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32387015, "pmcid": "PMC7165080", "title": "Critical Care During the Coronavirus Crisis: Challenges and Considerations for the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia Community.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387015", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432325, "title": "Return to work for healthcare workers with confirmed COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Zhang, Joyce C", "Findlater, Aidan", "Cram, Peter", "Adisesh, Anil"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432325", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505220, "title": "Active case finding with case management: the key to tackling the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Li, Zhongjie", "Chen, Qiulan", "Feng, Luzhao", "Rodewald, Lance", "Xia, Yinyin", "Yu, Hailiang", "Zhang, Ruochen", "An, Zhijie", "Yin, Wenwu", "Chen, Wei", "Qin, Ying", "Peng, Zhibin", "Zhang, Ting", "Ni, Daxin", "Cui, Jinzhao", "Wang, Qing", "Yang, Xiaokun", "Zhang, Muli", "Ren, Xiang", "Wu, Dan", "Sun, Xiaojin", "Li, Yuanqiu", "Zhou, Lei", "Qi, Xiaopeng", "Song, Tie", "Gao, George F", "Feng, Zijian"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505220", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020, the first non-influenza pandemic, affecting more than 200 countries and areas, with more than 5\u00b79 million cases by May 31, 2020. Countries have developed strategies to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic that fit their epidemiological situations, capacities, and values. We describe China's strategies for prevention and control of COVID-19 (containment and suppression) and their application, from the perspective of the COVID-19 experience to date in China. Although China has contained severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and nearly stopped indigenous transmission, a strong suppression effort must continue to prevent re-establishment of community transmission from importation-related cases. We believe that case finding and management, with identification and quarantine of close contacts, are vitally important containment measures and are essential in China's pathway forward. We describe the next steps planned in China that follow the containment effort. We believe that sharing countries' experiences will help the global community manage the COVID-19 pandemic by identifying what works in the struggle against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32496560, "title": "Making Decisions in a COVID-19 World.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Fischhoff, Baruch"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496560", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394569, "pmcid": "PMC7214944", "title": "Addressing mental health needs: an integral part of COVID-19 response.", "journal": "World Psychiatry", "authors": ["Adhanom Ghebreyesus, Tedros"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394569", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243777, "pmcid": "PMC7270965", "title": "Refugee and migrant health in the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Kluge, Hans Henri P", "Jakab, Zsuzsanna", "Bartovic, Jozef", "D'Anna, Veronika", "Severoni, Santino"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233915, "title": "Editorial: Managing the march of COVID-19: lessons from the HIV and AIDS epidemic.", "journal": "Afr J AIDS Res", "authors": ["Whiteside, Alan", "Parker, Warren", "Schramm, Mike"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233915", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32092391, "pmcid": "PMC7126916", "title": "Novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) cases in Hong Kong and implications for further spread.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Kwok, Kin On", "Wong, Valerie", "Wei, Vivian Wan In", "Wong, Samuel Yeung Shan", "Tang, Julian Wei-Tze"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092391", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249063, "pmcid": "PMC7129017", "title": "Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and Other Human Coronaviruses.", "journal": "Trends Immunol", "authors": ["Jiang, Shibo", "Hillyer, Christopher", "Du, Lanying"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249063", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 (also known as 2019-nCoV) is threatening global public health, social stability, and economic development. To meet this challenge, this article discusses advances in the research and development of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) for the prevention and treatment of infection by SARS-CoV-2 and other human CoVs."}, {"pmid": 32441351, "title": "Tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: Optimizing patient selection and identifying prognostic indicators.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Stubington, Thomas J", "Mallick, Ali S", "Garas, Georgios", "Stubington, Emma", "Reddy, Chetan", "Mansuri, Mohammed S"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441351", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tracheotomy, through its ability to wean patients off ventilation, can shorten ICU length of stay and in doing so increase ICU bed capacity, crucial for saving lives during the COVID-19 pandemic. To date, there is a paucity of patient selection criteria and prognosticators to facilitate decision making and enhance precious ICU capacity. Prospective study of COVID-19 patients undergoing tracheotomy (n = 12) over a 4-week period (March-April 2020). Association between preoperative and postoperative ventilation requirements and outcomes (ICU stay, time to decannulation, and death) were examined. Patients who sustained FiO2 \u2009\u2264\u200950% and PEEP\u2009\u2264\u20098 cm H2 O in the 24\u2009hours pretracheotomy exhibited a favorable outcome. Those whose requirements remained below these thresholds post-tracheotomy could be safely stepped down after 48\u2009hours. Sustained FiO2 \u2009\u2264\u200950% and PEEP\u2009\u2264\u20098 cm H2 O in the 48\u2009hours post-tracheotomy are strong predictive factors for a good outcome, raising the potential for these patients to be stepped down early, thus increasing ICU capacity."}, {"pmid": 32330305, "pmcid": "PMC7264521", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in urine, blood, anal swabs, and oropharyngeal swabs specimens.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Peng, Liang", "Liu, Jing", "Xu, Wenxiong", "Luo, Qiumin", "Chen, Dabiao", "Lei, Ziying", "Huang, Zhanlian", "Li, Xuejun", "Deng, Keji", "Lin, Bingliang", "Gao, Zhiliang"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330305", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ribonucleic acid (RNA) in urine and blood specimens, and anal and oropharyngeal swabs from patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, and correlated positive results with clinical findings. Patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections were included in this study. Patients' demographic and clinical data were recorded. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in urine and blood specimens, and anal and oropharyngeal swabs. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (No. NCT04279782, 19 February, 2020). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was present in all four specimen types, though not all specimen types were positive simultaneously. The presence of viral RNA was not necessarily predictive of clinical symptoms, for example, the presence of viral RNA in the urine did not necessarily predict urinary tract symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 can infect multiple systems, including the urinary tract. Testing different specimen types may be useful for monitoring disease changes and progression, and for establishing a prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32434094, "pmcid": "PMC7214322", "title": "Adapting mental health care after the COVID-19 outbreak: Preliminary findings from a public general hospital in Madrid (Spain).", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Mediavilla, Roberto", "Fernandez-Jimenez, Eduardo", "Rodriguez-Vega, Beatriz", "Gotor-Martinez, Laura", "Rivelles-Sevilla, Rafael Victor", "Rojano-Capilla, Pilar", "Bravo-Ortiz, Maria-Fe"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434094", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364041, "pmcid": "PMC7232881", "title": "Using integrated computational approaches to identify safe and rapid treatment for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Al-Khafaji, Khattab", "Al-Duhaidahawi, Dunya", "Taskin Tok, Tugba"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364041", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a new generation of coronavirus, which was first determined in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. So far, however, there no effective treatment has been found to stop this new generation of coronavirus but discovering of the crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro) may facilitate searching for new therapies for SARS-COV-2. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of available FDA approved drugs which can construct a covalent bond with Cys145 inside binding site SARS-CoV-2 main protease by using covalent docking screening. We conducted the covdock module MMGBSA module in the Schrodinger suite 2020-1, to examine the covalent bonding utilizing. Besides, we submitted the top three drugs to molecular dynamics simulations via Gromacs 2018.1. The covalent docking showed that saquinavir, ritonavir, remdesivir, delavirdine, cefuroxime axetil, oseltamivir and prevacid have the highest binding energies MMGBSA of -72.17, -72.02, -65.19, -57.65, -54.25, -51.8, and -51.14 kcal/mol, respectively. The 50 ns molecular dynamics simulation was conducted for saquinavir, ritonavir and remdesivir to evaluate the stability of these drugs inside the binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 main protease. The current study provides a powerful in silico results, means for rapid screening of drugs as anti-protease medications and recommend that the above-mentioned drugs can be used in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 in combined or sole therapy.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32381427, "pmcid": "PMC7186200", "title": "Pre- and post-operative screening in limited-term elective cancer surgery patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Zizzo, M", "Bollino, R", "Annessi, V"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381427", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405603, "pmcid": "PMC7217643", "title": "Manifestations and prognosis of gastrointestinal and liver involvement in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Mao, Ren", "Qiu, Yun", "He, Jin-Shen", "Tan, Jin-Yu", "Li, Xue-Hua", "Liang, Jie", "Shen, Jun", "Zhu, Liang-Ru", "Chen, Yan", "Iacucci, Marietta", "Ng, Siew C", "Ghosh, Subrata", "Chen, Min-Hu"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405603", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The prevalence and prognosis of digestive system involvement, including gastrointestinal symptoms and liver injury, in patients with COVID-19 remains largely unknown. We aimed to quantify the effects of COVID-19 on the digestive system. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for studies published between Jan 1, 2020, and April 4, 2020. The websites of WHO, CDC, and major journals were also searched. We included studies that reported the epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 and the prevalence of gastrointestinal findings in infected patients, and excluded preprints, duplicate publications, reviews, editorials, single case reports, studies pertaining to other coronavirus-related illnesses, and small case series (<10 cases). Extracted data included author; date; study design; country; patient demographics; number of participants in severe and non-severe disease groups; prevalence of clinical gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, nausea, diarrhoea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, and belching; and digestive system comorbidities including liver disease and gastrointestinal diseases. Raw data from studies were pooled to determine effect estimates. We analysed findings from 35 studies, including 6686 patients with COVID-19, that met inclusion criteria. 29 studies (n=6064) reported gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with COVID-19 at diagnosis, and the pooled prevalence of digestive system comorbidities was 4% (95% CI 2-5; range 0-15; I2=74%). The pooled prevalence of digestive symptoms was 15% (10-21; range: 2-57; I2=96%) with nausea or vomiting, diarrhoea, and loss of appetite being the three most common symptoms. The pooled prevalence of abnormal liver functions (12 studies, n=1267) was 19% (9-32; range 1-53; I2=96%). Subgroup analysis showed patients with severe COVID-19 had higher rates of gastrointestinal symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 1\u00b760 [95% CI 1\u00b709-2\u00b736]; p=0\u00b70020; I2=44%) and liver injury (2\u00b720 [1\u00b760-3\u00b702]; p<0\u00b700001; I2=36%) compared with those with non-severe disease. Patients in Hubei province, where the initial COVID-19 outbreak occurred, were more likely to present with abnormal liver functions (p<0\u00b70001) compared with those outside of Hubei. Paediatric patients with COVID-19 had a similar prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms to those of adult patients. 10% (95% CI 4-19; range 3-23; I2=97%) of patients presented with gastrointestinal symptoms alone without respiratory features. Patients who presented with gastrointestinal system involvement had delayed diagnosis (standardised mean difference 2\u00b785 [95% CI 0\u00b722-5\u00b748]; p=0\u00b7030; I2=73%). Patients with gastrointestinal involvement had a higher prevalence of complication (OR 2\u00b751 [95% CI 1\u00b762-3\u00b789]; p<0\u00b70001; I2=0%). Our study showed that digestive symptoms and liver injury are not uncommon in patients with COVID-19. Increased attention should be paid to the care of this unique group of patients. None."}, {"pmid": 32525384, "title": "The perils of practicum in the time of COVID-19: A graduate student's perspective.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Thompson, Kenneth J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525384", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has placed competing demands on many graduate students working at practica. Though graduate programs seek to minimize potential sources of exposure to the virus, some practicum sites rely on students as essential staff. At the same time, although some students may wish to eliminate this source of potential exposure to the virus, other students may consider the opportunity to fulfill their practicum duties at a time of crisis an important part of their educational experience. Guidance published by the Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship Centers regarding internship students provides at least a starting point for programs to develop policies that allow students to make informed decisions about their practicum training. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32283073, "pmcid": "PMC7151436", "title": "Care of the pregnant woman with coronavirus disease 2019 in labor and delivery: anesthesia, emergency cesarean delivery, differential diagnosis in the acutely ill parturient, care of the newborn, and protection of the healthcare personnel.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Ashokka, Balakrishnan", "Loh, May-Han", "Tan, Cher Heng", "Su, Lin Lin", "Young, Barnaby Edward", "Lye, David Chien", "Biswas, Arijit", "Illanes, Sebastian E", "Choolani, Mahesh"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283073", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. As the pandemic evolves rapidly, there are data emerging to suggest that pregnant women diagnosed as having coronavirus disease 2019 can have severe morbidities (up to 9%). This is in contrast to earlier data that showed good maternal and neonatal outcomes. Clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 include features of acute respiratory illnesses. Typical radiologic findings consists of patchy infiltrates on chest radiograph and ground glass opacities on computed tomography scan of the chest. Patients who are pregnant may present with atypical features such as the absence of fever as well as leukocytosis. Confirmation of coronavirus disease 2019 is by reverse transcriptase-polymerized chain reaction from upper airway swabs. When the reverse transcriptase-polymerized chain reaction test result is negative in suspect cases, chest imaging should be considered. A pregnant woman with coronavirus disease 2019 is at the greatest risk when she is in labor, especially if she is acutely ill. We present an algorithm of care for the acutely ill parturient and guidelines for the protection of the healthcare team who is caring for the patient. Key decisions are made based on the presence of maternal and/or fetal compromise, adequacy of maternal oxygenation (SpO2 >93%) and stability of maternal blood pressure. Although vertical transmission is unlikely, there must be measures in place to prevent neonatal infections. Routine birth processes such as delayed cord clamping and skin-to-skin bonding between mother and newborn need to be revised. Considerations can be made to allow the use of screened donated breast milk from mothers who are free of coronavirus disease 2019. We present management strategies derived from best available evidence to provide guidance in caring for the high-risk and acutely ill parturient. These include protection of the healthcare workers caring for the coronavirus disease 2019 gravida, establishing a diagnosis in symptomatic cases, deciding between reverse transcriptase-polymerized chain reaction and chest imaging, and management of the unwell parturient."}, {"pmid": 32375884, "pmcid": "PMC7202463", "title": "Clinical evidence based review and recommendations of aerosol generating medical procedures in otolaryngology - head and neck surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Thamboo, Andrew", "Lea, Jane", "Sommer, Doron D", "Sowerby, Leigh", "Abdalkhani, Arman", "Diamond, Christopher", "Ham, Jennifer", "Heffernan, Austin", "Cai Long, M", "Phulka, Jobanjit", "Wu, Yu Qi", "Yeung, Phillip", "Lammers, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375884", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aerosol generating medical procedures (AGMPs) present risks to health care workers (HCW) due to airborne transmission of pathogens. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential for HCWs to recognize which procedures are potentially aerosolizing so that appropriate infection prevention precautions can be taken. The aim of this literature review was to identify potential AGMPs in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery and provide evidence-based recommendations. A literature search was performed on Medline, Embase and Cochrane Review databases up to April 3, 2020. All titles and abstracts of retrieved studies were evaluated and all studies mentioning potential AGMPs were included for formal review. Full text of included studies were assessed by two reviewers and the quality of the studies was evaluated. Ten categories of potential AGMPs were developed and recommendations were provided for each category. Direct evidence indicates that CO2 laser ablation, the use of high-speed rotating devices, electrocautery and endotracheal suctioning are AGMPs. Indirect evidence indicates that tracheostomy should be considered as potential AGMPs. Nasal endoscopy and nasal packing/epistaxis management can result in droplet transmission, but it is unknown if these procedures also carry the risk of airborne transmission. During the COVID-19 pandemic, special care should be taken when CO2 lasers, electrocautery and high-speed rotating devices are used in potentially infected tissue. Tracheal procedures like tracheostomy and endotracheal suctioning can also result in airborne transmission via small virus containing aerosols."}, {"pmid": 32453685, "title": "Acute Cerebral Stroke with Multiple Infarctions and COVID-19, France, 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zayet, Souheil", "Klopfenstein, Timothee", "Kovacs, Robert", "Stancescu, Silviu", "Hagenkotter, Beate"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453685", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe 2 cases in coronavirus disease patients in France involving presumed thrombotic stroke that occurred during ongoing anticoagulation treatment for atrial fibrillation stroke prophylaxis; 1 patient had positive antiphospholipid antibodies. These cases highlight the severe and unique consequences of coronavirus disease-associated stroke."}, {"pmid": 32421836, "title": "Potential pharmacological perspectives for the treatment/prevention of the SARS-COV-2 infection in opioid dependent patients.", "journal": "J Opioid Manag", "authors": ["Coppola, Maurizio", "Mondola, Raffaella"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421836", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329789, "title": "Child Abuse Awareness Month During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Rosenthal, Cameron M", "Thompson, Lindsay A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329789", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405102, "pmcid": "PMC7218368", "title": "A global effort to define the human genetics of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Casanova, Jean-Laurent", "Su, Helen C"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405102", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection displays immense inter-individual clinical variability, ranging from silent infection to lethal disease. The role of human genetics in determining clinical response to the virus remains unclear. Studies of outliers-individuals remaining uninfected despite viral exposure and healthy young patients with life-threatening disease-present a unique opportunity to reveal human genetic determinants of infection and disease."}, {"pmid": 32524195, "title": "Disturbing effect of lockdown for COVID-19 on the incidence of infective endocarditis: a word of caution.", "journal": "Clin Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Van Camp, Guy", "De Beenhouwer, Hans", "Beles, Monika", "Collet, Carlos", "Nasser, Riwa", "Schelfaut, Dan", "Penicka, Martin"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524195", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487320, "pmcid": "PMC7261069", "title": "Cancer surgery sustainability in the light of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Elanko, Afsana", "Khan, Jim", "Hamady, Zaed Zr", "Malik, Hassan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487320", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421950, "title": "Data Safety Monitoring during Covid-19: Keep On Keeping On.", "journal": "Ethics Hum Res", "authors": ["Barnbaum, Deborah R"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396903, "title": "Venous Thromboembolism Complicated with COVID-19: What Do We Know So Far?", "journal": "Acta Haematol", "authors": ["Tal, Shir", "Spectre, Galia", "Kornowski, Ran", "Perl, Leor"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396903", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is responsible for the ongoing 2019-2020 pandemic. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), a frequent cardiovascular and/or respiratory complication among hospitalized patients, is one of the known sequelae of the illness. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients are often elderly, immobile, and show signs of coagulopathy. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume a high incidence of VTE among these patients. Presently, the incidence of VTE is estimated at around 25% of patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit for COVID-19 even under anticoagulant treatment at prophylactic doses. In this review, we discuss present knowledge of the topic, the unique challenges of diagnosis and treatment of VTE, as well as some of the potential mechanisms of increased risk for VTE during the illness. Understanding the true impact of VTE on patients with COVID-19 will potentially improve our ability to reach a timely diagnosis and initiate proper treatment, mitigating the risk for this susceptible population during a complicated disease."}, {"pmid": 32458182, "pmcid": "PMC7250737", "title": "Rhythm blues in the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): how the cardiac electrophysiologist adapts to a viral pandemic in Singapore.", "journal": "J Interv Card Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Chia, Pow-Li", "Tan, Kenny", "Tan, Li Wei", "Chin, Pui See", "Foo, David"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458182", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major healthcare disaster in the modern times. Healthcare services must adapt to effectively juggle between pandemic management and maintenance of business-as-usual services so that both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients receive appropriate clinical care. We share our experience of significant cardiac rhythm abnormalities seen in COVID-19 patients in Singapore, how the viral pandemic has affected the cardiac electrophysiology and pacing service in a large acute care general hospital and the steps taken to alleviate the negative impact."}, {"pmid": 32526059, "title": "Mental health and psychosocial function of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Qi", "Hu, Zhenyu", "Bian, Guolin", "Yu, Haihang", "Li, Xingxing", "Lu, Yin", "Yu, Chang", "Li, Xianglan", "Yao, Qin", "Zhou, Wenhua", "Yuan, Ti-Fei", "Zhou, Dongsheng"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526059", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449770, "title": "The impact of having inadequate safety equipment on mental health.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Simms, A", "Fear, N T", "Greenberg, N"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449770", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Concerns are being raised about the impact of inadequate safety equipment on the mental health of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 medical response. To assess the impact of inadequate safety equipment on the mental health of service personnel deployed on operations in order to better understand the impact on those working under the similarly demanding conditions of the COVID-19 medical response. Self-report surveys were conducted in four operational environments with 3435 personnel providing data. Surveys recorded data on socio-demographic, military and operational characteristics, mental health measures and specific occupational stressors. Analysis through logistic regression explored the association between inadequate equipment and all other factors. A total of 3401 personnel provided data on their perceptions of the adequacy of their equipment, of which 532 (15%) stated that they had a lot of concerns that they did not have the right equipment in working order. Analysis found significantly greater odds of reporting symptoms of common mental health disorders (CMD), 2.49 (2.03-3.06), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 2.99 (2.11-4.24), poorer global health 2.09 (1.62-2.70) and emotional problems 1.69 (1.38-2.06) when individuals reported working with inadequate equipment. Analyses remained significant when adjusted for confounding factors such as rank, sex and operational environment. An individual's perception of having inadequate equipment is significantly associated with symptoms of CMD, probable PTSD, poorer global health and increased reporting of emotional problems. This in turn may impact on their ability to safely carry out their duties and may have longer-term mental health consequences."}, {"pmid": 32208975, "pmcid": "PMC7243668", "title": "Applying the Lessons of Influenza to COVID-19 During a Time of Uncertainty.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Vardeny, Orly", "Madjid, Mohammad", "Solomon, Scott D"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208975", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381594, "pmcid": "PMC7228560", "title": "Call for ensuring cancer care continuity during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Tagliamento, Marco", "Lambertini, Matteo", "Genova, Carlo", "Barisione, Emanuela", "De Maria, Andrea", "Grosso, Marco", "Poggio, Francesca", "Vagge, Stefano", "Boccardo, Francesco", "Pronzato, Paolo", "Del Mastro, Lucia"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381594", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458488, "title": "Potential negative effects of the free use of chloroquine to manage COVID-19 in Colombia.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Teheran, Anibal A", "Camero, Gabriel", "Hernandez, Carolina", "Perez-Garcia, Luis", "Guzman, Renato", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto", "Ramirez, Juan David"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458488", "countries": ["Colombia"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398215, "title": "Adapting a TB contact investigation strategy for COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis", "authors": ["Nguyen, T-A", "Cuong, Q N", "Kim, A L T", "Huong, T N", "Nguyen, H N", "Fox, G J", "Marks, G B"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398215", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376146, "pmcid": "PMC7252046", "title": "Skin cancer plastic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Gentileschi, Stefano", "Caretto, Anna Amelia", "Tagliaferri, Luca", "Salgarello, Marzia", "Peris, Ketty"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376146", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277747, "pmcid": "PMC7240234", "title": "A Low-cost Solution for Retro-fitment of HEPA Filter in Healthcare Facilities Providing Care to COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Malhotra, Vikas"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277747", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496851, "title": "Social prescribing: a 'natural' community-based solution.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Howarth, Michelle", "Griffiths, Alistair", "da Silva, Anna", "Green, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper discusses social prescribing as part of the wider NHS England universal personalised care model, and it describes how community nurses can engage with social prescribing systems to support community resilience. A case study based on the example of gardening, as a nature-based social prescription provided by the RHS Bridgewater Wellbeing Garden, is provided to illustrate the scope, reach and impact of non-medical, salutogenic approaches for community practitioners. The authors argue that social prescribing and, in particular, nature-based solutions, such as gardening, can be used as a non-medical asset-based approach by all health professionals working in the community as a way to promote health and wellbeing. They consider how the negative impact of social distancing resulting from COVID-19 restrictions could be diluted through collaboration between a holistic, social prescribing system and community staff. The paper presents a unique perspective on how community nurses can collaborate with link workers through social prescribing to help combat social isolation and anxiety and support resilience."}, {"pmid": 32304574, "pmcid": "PMC7264592", "title": "Screen mirroring, screen casting and screen sharing during COVID-19: what dermatologists should know.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Jakhar, D", "Kaur, I", "Kaul, S"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304574", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329926, "pmcid": "PMC7264650", "title": "Tracheostomy guidelines developed at a large academic medical center during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["David, Abel P", "Russell, Marika D", "El-Sayed, Ivan H", "Russell, Matthew S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329926", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, tracheostomy may be required for COVID-19 patients requiring long-term ventilation in addition to other conditions such as airway compromise from head and neck cancer. As an aerosol-generating procedure, tracheostomy increases the exposure of health care workers to COVID-19 infection. Performing surgical tracheostomy and tracheostomy care requires a strategy that mitigates these risks and maintains the quality of patient care. This study is a multidisciplinary review of institutional tracheostomy guidelines and clinical pathways. Modifications to support clinical decision making in the context of COVID-19 were derived by consensus and available evidence. Modified guidelines for all phases of tracheostomy care at an academic tertiary care center in the setting of COVID-19 are presented. During the various phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, clinicians must carefully consider the indications, procedural precautions, and postoperative care for tracheostomies. We present guidelines to mitigate risk to health care workers while preserving the quality of care."}, {"pmid": 32520107, "title": "COVID-19 in the city of Rio de Janeiro: spatial analysis of first confirmed cases and deaths.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Cavalcante, Joao Roberto", "Abreu, Ariane de Jesus Lopes de"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520107", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "to describe the spatial distribution of the first confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths in Rio de Janeiro. this was an ecological study of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases and deaths between March 6thand April 10th, 2020. Incidence, mortality, lethality, excess risk and global and local Moran rates were calculated. 1,808 confirmed cases and 92 confirmed deaths were recorded. The COVID-19 incidence rate was 26.8/100,000 inhab., the mortality rate was 1.36/100,000 inhab. and lethality rate 5%. The incidence rate in eight neighborhoods was 4-12 times higher than the overall rate for the municipality: Jo\u00e1, in the city's Western Zone; Cosme Velho, G\u00e1vea, Ipanema, Jardim Bot\u00e2nico, Lagoa, Leblon and S\u00e3o Conrado, in its Southern Zone. high risk of COVID-19 infection and deaths was found in neighborhoods in the Southern Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Neighborhoods in the Northern Zone of the city also stand out in relation to high risk of death."}, {"pmid": 32356040, "pmcid": "PMC7191967", "title": "Initial resolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in China-can the virus return?", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Ge, Junbo"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356040", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32178711, "pmcid": "PMC7076992", "title": "Treatment of COVID-19: old tricks for new challenges.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Cunningham, Anne Catherine", "Goh, Hui Poh", "Koh, David"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178711", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321566, "pmcid": "PMC7175447", "title": "Managing COVID-19 in resource-limited settings: critical care considerations.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Siow, Wen Ting", "Liew, Mei Fong", "Shrestha, Babu Raja", "Muchtar, Faisal", "See, Kay Choong"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321566", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220344, "pmcid": "PMC7118537", "title": "COVID-19 in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Jin, Xiang-Hong", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Pan, Ke-Hua", "Xie, Yu-Peng", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220344", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241833, "pmcid": "PMC7113798", "title": "Will children reveal their secret? The coronavirus dilemma.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Cristiani, Luca", "Mancino, Enrica", "Matera, Luigi", "Nenna, Raffaella", "Pierangeli, Alessandra", "Scagnolari, Carolina", "Midulla, Fabio"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241833", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329222, "pmcid": "PMC7264572", "title": "Self-reported olfactory loss associates with outpatient clinical course in COVID-19.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Yan, Carol H", "Faraji, Farhoud", "Prajapati, Divya P", "Ostrander, Benjamin T", "DeConde, Adam S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329222", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has left many health systems around the world overwhelmed, forcing triaging of scarce medical resources. Identifying indicators of hospital admission for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients early in the disease course could aid the efficient allocation of medical interventions. Self-reported olfactory impairment has recently been recognized as a hallmark of COVID-19 and may be an important predictor of clinical outcome. A retrospective review of all patients presenting to a San Diego Hospital system with laboratory-confirmed positive COVID-19 infection was conducted with evaluation of olfactory and gustatory function and clinical disease course. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors for hospital admission and anosmia. A total of 169 patients tested positive for COVID-19 disease between March 3 and April 8, 2020. Olfactory and gustatory data were obtained for 128 (75.7%) of 169 subjects, of which 26 (20.1%) of 128 required hospitalization. Admission for COVID-19 was associated with intact sense of smell and taste, increased age, diabetes, and subjective and objective parameters associated with respiratory failure. On adjusted analysis, anosmia was strongly and independently associated with outpatient care (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.09; 95% CI, 0.01-0.74), whereas positive findings of pulmonary infiltrates and/or pleural effusion on chest radiograph (aOR 8.01; 95% CI, 1.12-57.49) was strongly and independently associated with admission. Normosmia is an independent predictor of admission in COVID-19 cases. Smell loss in COVID-19 may be associated with a milder clinical course."}, {"pmid": 32520247, "title": "The coronavirus crisis and its impact on residential care homes for the elderly in Spain.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Cabrero, Gregorio Rodriguez"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520247", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359937, "pmcid": "PMC7172676", "title": "COVID-19 impact on timing of brachytherapy treatment and strategies for risk mitigation.", "journal": "Brachytherapy", "authors": ["Williams, Vonetta M", "Kahn, Jenna M", "Harkenrider, Matthew M", "Chino, Junzo", "Chen, Jonathan", "Fang, L Christine", "Dunn, Emily F", "Fields, Emma", "Mayadev, Jyoti S", "Rengan, Ramesh", "Petereit, Daniel", "Dyer, Brandon A"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359937", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to highlight the importance of timely brachytherapy treatment for patients with gynecologic, breast, and prostate malignancies, and provide a framework for brachytherapy clinical practice and management in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. We review amassing evidence to help guide the management and timing of brachytherapy for gynecologic, breast, and prostate cancers. Where concrete data could not be found, peer-reviewed expert opinion is provided. There may be a significant negative impact on oncologic outcomes for patients with gynecologic malignancies who have a delay in the timely completion of therapy. Delay of prostate or breast cancer treatment may also impact oncologic outcomes. If a treatment delay is expected, endocrine therapy may be an appropriate temporizing measure before delivery of radiation therapy. The use of shorter brachytherapy fractionation schedules will help minimize patient exposure and conserve resources. Brachytherapy remains a critical treatment for patients and may shorten treatment time and exposure for some. Reduced patient exposure and resource utilization is important during COVID-19. Every effort should be made to ensure timely brachytherapy delivery for patients with gynecologic malignancies, and endocrine therapy may help temporize treatment delays for breast and prostate cancer patients. Physicians should continue to follow developing institutional, state, and federal guidelines/recommendations as challenges in delivering care during COVID-19 will continue to evolve."}, {"pmid": 32294269, "pmcid": "PMC7262077", "title": "Carving out a place for internal medicine during COVID-19 epidemic in Italy.", "journal": "J Intern Med", "authors": ["Lenti, Marco Vincenzo", "Corazza, Gino Roberto", "Di Sabatino, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294269", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445881, "pmcid": "PMC7238991", "title": "Arbidol/IFN-alpha2b therapy for patients with corona virus disease 2019: a retrospective multicenter cohort study.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Xu, Ping", "Huang, Jianping", "Fan, Zhao", "Huang, Wendi", "Qi, Minghua", "Lin, Xuwen", "Song, Weidong", "Yi, Li"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445881", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of COVID-19 is accelerating. At present, there is no specific antiviral drugs for COVID-19 outbreak. This is a multicenter retrospective cohort study of patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection pneumonia from 3 hospitals in Hubei and Guangdong province, 141 adults (aged \u226518 years) without ventilation were included. Combined group patients were given Arbidol and IFN-\u03b12b, monotherapy group patients inhaled IFN-\u03b12b for 10-14 days. Of 141 COVID-19 patients, baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics were similar between combined group and monotherapy group, that 30% of the patients leucocytes counts were below the normal range and 36.4% of the patients experienced lymphocytopenia. The duration of viral RNA of respiratory tract in the monotherapy group was not longer than that in the combined therapy group. There was no significant differences between two groups. The absorption of pneumonia in the combined group was faster than that in the monotherapy group. We inferred that Arbidol/IFN - 2\u00a0b therapy can be used as an effective method to improve the COVID-19 pneumonia of mild patients, although it helpless with accelerating the virus clearance. These results should be verified in a larger prospective randomized environment."}, {"pmid": 32380903, "pmcid": "PMC7241448", "title": "Lack of cross-neutralization by SARS patient sera towards SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Anderson, Danielle E", "Tan, Chee Wah", "Chia, Wan Ni", "Young, Barnaby E", "Linster, Martin", "Low, JennyG H", "Tan, Yee-Joo", "Chen, Mark I-C", "Smith, Gavin J D", "Leo, Yee Sin", "Lye, David C", "Wang, Lin-Fa"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380903", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite initial findings indicating that SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 are genetically related belonging to the same virus species and that the two viruses used the same entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), our data demonstrated that there is no detectable cross-neutralization by SARS patient sera against SARS-CoV-2. We also found that there are significant levels of neutralizing antibodies in recovered SARS patients 9-17 years after initial infection. These findings will be of significant use in guiding the development of serologic tests, formulating convalescent plasma therapy strategies, and assessing the longevity of protective immunity for SARS-related coronaviruses in general as well as vaccine efficacy."}, {"pmid": 32400858, "pmcid": "PMC7239257", "title": "Are Patients With Alcohol Use Disorders at Increased Risk for Covid-19 Infection?", "journal": "Alcohol Alcohol", "authors": ["Testino, Gianni"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400858", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489507, "pmcid": "PMC7239581", "title": "A Comprehensive Approach Is Vital for Diagnosing COVID-19: A Case of False Negative.", "journal": "J Clin Med Res", "authors": ["Balla, Mamtha", "Merugu, Ganesh Prasad", "Pokal, Mytri", "Gayam, Vijay", "Adapa, Sreedhar", "Naramala, Srikanth", "Konala, Venu Madhav"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489507", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading at a rapid pace throughout the world, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as pandemic on March 11, 2020. We present a case of COVID-19 patient whose reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) initially was false negative and later turned positive, which will stress the importance of a comprehensive approach while evaluating a patient with a differential of COVID-19. The clinicians should be aware of the sensitivity and specificities of these tests which can have grave implications on the patient and community if the diagnosis is missed just based on the laboratory tests due to the highly contagious nature of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32468980, "title": "Coronavirus and exceptional health situations: the first disaster with benefits on air pollution.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Bouillon-Minois, Jean-Baptiste", "Lesage, Francois-Xavier", "Schmidt, Jeannot", "Dutheil, Frederic"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468980", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380230, "pmcid": "PMC7198428", "title": "Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental well-being amongst individuals in society- A letter to the editor on \"The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus and COVID-19 pandemic: A review\".", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Alradhawi, Mohammad", "Shubber, Nour", "Sheppard, Jack", "Ali, Yousif"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380230", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515699, "title": "[The Agreed Experts' Position of the Eurasian Association of Therapists on Some new Mechanisms of COVID-19 Pathways: Focus on Hemostasis, Hemotransfusion Issues and Blood gas Exchange].", "journal": "Kardiologiia", "authors": ["Arutyunov, G P", "Koziolova, N A", "Tarlovskaya, E I", "Arutyunov, A G", "Grigorjeva, N Yu", "Dzhunusbekova, G A", "Malchikova, S V", "Mitkovskaya, N P", "Orlova, Ya A", "Petrova, M M", "Rebrov, A P", "Sisakyan, A S", "Skibitsky, V V", "Sugraliev, A B", "Fomin, I V", "Chesnikova, A I", "Shaposhnik, I I"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515699", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The article discusses pathogenesis and treatment of COVID-19. The authors presented state-of-the-art insight into hemostatic disorders in patients with COVID-19 and clinical recommendations on prevention of thrombosis and thromboembolism in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. The article discussed in detail a new hypothesis proposed by Chinese physicians about a new component in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, namely, about the effect of SARS-CoV-2 virus on the hemoglobin beta-chain and the formation of a complex with porphyrin, which results in displacement of the iron ion. Thus, hemoglobin loses the capability for transporting oxygen, which aggravates hypoxia and worsens the prognosis. The article stated rules of hemotransfusion safety in the conditions of COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32528206, "pmcid": "PMC7282429", "title": "COVID-19 and lessons learned from the pandemic wave of meningococcal meningitis (1985-1990).", "journal": "Sudan J Paediatr", "authors": ["Swar, Mohammed Osman"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528206", "countries": ["China", "Ethiopia", "United States", "Saudi Arabia", "Sudan", "Sweden"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus was first identified in late 2019 to cause an outbreak of acute respiratory illness in Wuhan city in China. The disease was designated COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) by the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2020. Worldwide, the infection spread affecting more than 3 million confirmed cases, mainly in Europe and USA, and was characterised by the WHO as a pandemic in March 2020. During 1985-1990, a similar pandemic wave of meningococcal (MC) meningitis spread over vast territories in Asia (including Saudi Arabia) and Africa (including Sudan and Ethiopia with more than 70,000 cases). The Sudanese Journal of Paediatrics (SJP) is taking the opportunity to document the history of this pandemic in Sudan, which has been successfully managed within Sudan/Sweden scientific link program involving the University of Khartoum, Sudan and Uppsala University, Sweden. This joint research project evaluated a rapid antigen test for the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis which later proved to be adaptable to the field situation during the 1988 MC epidemic. It also constituted one of the pioneering works in molecular epidemiology and proved to be vital in controlling epidemic meningitis worldwide. Based on this and other bacteriologic and epidemiologic data, a new conjugate vaccine was later developed which put an end to Group A meningococcal epidemics. Lessons learnt from this pandemic, which also applied in case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are also highlighted."}, {"pmid": 32471009, "title": "Absence of Skin of Colour Images in Publications of COVID-19 Skin Manifestations.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Lester, J C", "Jia, J L", "Zhang, L", "Okoye, G A", "Linos, E"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471009", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are now over 1 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 globally with more than 270,000 recorded deaths to date. COVID-19 has been shown to disproportionately impact people of colour both in the United Kingdom and in the United States where blacks make up 13.4% of the population but 30% of COVID-19 cases. Mounting evidence shows that COVID-19 impacts several organ systems, including the skin."}, {"pmid": 32361323, "pmcid": "PMC7195294", "title": "Clinical features of pediatric patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Song, Wenliang", "Li, Junhua", "Zou, Ning", "Guan, Wenhe", "Pan, Jiali", "Xu, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361323", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread around the world, and reports of children with COVID-19 are increasing. To assess clinical profiles of pediatric COVID-19. A retrospective analysis was undertaken using clinical data of sixteen children (11 months-14 years) diagnosed with COVID-19 between January 1, 2020 and March 17, 2020 at Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei province, China. All children had positive epidemiologic histories, 12 (12/16, 75 %) involving family units. The illnesses were either mild (5/16, 31.3 %) or ordinary (11/16, 68.8 %), presenting as follows: asymptomatic (8/16, 50 %), fever and/or cough (8/16, 50 %). Four asymptomatic patients (4/16, 25 %) in ordinary cases had chest computed tomography (CT) abnormalities. Leukocyte counts were normal in 14 cases(88 %), but 2 patients (12.5 %) had leukopenia, and 1 (6.3 %) was lymphopenic. There were 11 patients with chest CT abnormalities, some nodular, others small patchy and others ground-glass opacities. In asymptomatic children, the median time to SRAS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test(NAT) positivity once exposed to a family member with confirmed infection was 15.5 days (range, 10-26 days). The median time to first NAT-negative conversion was 5.5 days (range, 1-23 days). COVID-19 in children of Xiangyang city is often family acquired and not serious, with favorable outcomes. Asymptomatic children can be diagnosed as pneumonia because of chest CT abnormalities. It is essential to actively screen this segment of the population."}, {"pmid": 32515398, "title": "Ethical dilemmas in clinical care during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Jafarey, Aamir"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515398", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a short span of a few weeks, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire world like no other event in modern history. Healthcare institutions and providers have been at the forefront of containing the ravages of this disease, and are experiencing unprecedented challenges. Medical decision making has become all the more complex because of the moral weight of difficult decisions that need to be made. This paper discusses three areas where ethical decision making is extremely important: dealing with those patients with COVID-19 who no longer have access to their doctors; following ethical criteria for assigning risky duties to healthcare professionals; and in making life and death decisions while allocating scarce resources. This paper describes a national level guidance document for the COVID-19 pandemic that is designed to facilitate ethical decision-making."}, {"pmid": 32372336, "pmcid": "PMC7200048", "title": "Pulmonary intravascular coagulation in COVID-19: possible pathogenesis and recommendations on anticoagulant/thrombolytic therapy.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Belen-Apak, F Burcu", "Sarialioglu, F"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372336", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489343, "pmcid": "PMC7259441", "title": "Descriptive characteristics of hospitalized adult smokers and never-smokers with COVID-19.", "journal": "Tob Induc Dis", "authors": ["Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi", "Ghobadi, Hassan", "Taleb, Ziyad Ben", "Ward, Kenneth D", "Adham, Davoud", "Matin, Somaieh", "Fazlzadeh, Mehdi", "Narimani, Sajjad"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489343", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399454, "pmcid": "PMC7213832", "title": "Transient ST Segment Elevation in Two Patients with COVID-19 and a Normal Transthoracic Echocardiogram.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Asif, Talal", "Ali, Zafar"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399454", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We continue to learn about cardiac involvement in patients with COVID-19. These patients can develop acute coronary syndrome and severe myocarditis with a reduced ejection fraction. We describe two critically ill COVID-19 patients who developed ST elevation that resolved on repeat ECG without any intervention. ST elevation may occur in critically ill COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32452598, "pmcid": "PMC7267111", "title": "In response: Diabetes is a risk factor for the progression and prognosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Res Rev", "authors": ["Blanke, Charles D"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452598", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The article cited does not differentiate between Type I and Type II diabetes. More information is needed to properly assess risk."}, {"pmid": 32442522, "pmcid": "PMC7237192", "title": "Tale of three seeding patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in Saudi Arabia.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Memish, Ziad A", "Aljerian, Nawfal", "Ebrahim, Shahul H"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442522", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414743, "title": "Procalcitonin for patient stratification and identification of bacterial co-infection in COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Han, Jennie", "Gatheral, Timothy", "Williams, Craig"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414743", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369026, "pmcid": "PMC7238863", "title": "The Impact of Social Media on Panic During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iraqi Kurdistan: Online Questionnaire Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Ahmad, Araz Ramazan", "Murad, Hersh Rasool"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369026", "countries": ["Iraq"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the first few months of 2020, information and news reports about the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were rapidly published and shared on social media and social networking sites. While the field of infodemiology has studied information patterns on the Web and in social media for at least 18 years, the COVID-19 pandemic has been referred to as the first social media infodemic. However, there is limited evidence about whether and how the social media infodemic has spread panic and affected the mental health of social media users. The aim of this study is to determine how social media affects self-reported mental health and the spread of panic about COVID-19 in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. To carry out this study, an online questionnaire was prepared and conducted in Iraqi Kurdistan, and a total of 516 social media users were sampled. This study deployed a content analysis method for data analysis. Correspondingly, data were analyzed using SPSS software. Participants reported that social media has a significant impact on spreading fear and panic related to the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraqi Kurdistan, with a potential negative influence on people's mental health and psychological well-being. Facebook was the most used social media network for spreading panic about the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraq. We found a significant positive statistical correlation between self-reported social media use and the spread of panic related to COVID-19 (R=.8701). Our results showed that the majority of youths aged 18-35 years are facing psychological anxiety. During lockdown, people are using social media platforms to gain information about COVID-19. The nature of the impact of social media panic among people varies depending on an individual's gender, age, and level of education. Social media has played a key role in spreading anxiety about the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraqi Kurdistan."}, {"pmid": 32376410, "pmcid": "PMC7196540", "title": "Changes in Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Practices in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from a North American Survey.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Forbes, Nauzer", "Smith, Zachary L", "Spitzer, Rebecca L", "Keswani, Rajesh N", "Wani, Sachin B", "Elmunzer, B Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376410", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385549, "pmcid": "PMC7207082", "title": "COVID-19, Angiotensin Receptor Blockers, and the Brain.", "journal": "Cell Mol Neurobiol", "authors": ["Saavedra, Juan M"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385549", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293555, "pmcid": "PMC7205546", "title": "Coronavirus disease: challenges for psychiatry.", "journal": "Br J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kelly, Brendan D"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293555", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) presents two urgent health problems: the illness caused by the virus itself and the anxiety, panic and psychological problems associated with the pandemic. Both problems present substantial challenges for our patients, their families, our multidisciplinary teams and our psychiatrist colleagues. We need good psychiatry, now more than ever."}, {"pmid": 32001631, "title": "New coronavirus threat galvanizes scientists.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon"], "date": "2020-02-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32001631", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410272, "pmcid": "PMC7235482", "title": "Changes in sleep pattern, sense of time and digital media use during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy.", "journal": "J Sleep Res", "authors": ["Cellini, Nicola", "Canale, Natale", "Mioni, Giovanna", "Costa, Sebastiano"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410272", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is one of the major COVID-19 hotspots. To reduce the spread of the infections and the pressure on Italian healthcare systems, since March 10, 2020, Italy has been under a total lockdown, forcing people into home confinement. Here we present data from 1,310 people living in the Italian territory (Mage \u00a0=\u00a023.91\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.60\u00a0years, 880 females, 501 workers, 809 university students), who completed an online survey from March 24 to March 28, 2020. In the survey, we asked participants to think about their use of digital media before going to bed, their sleep pattern and their subjective experience of time in the previous week (March 17-23, which was the second week of the lockdown) and up to the first week of February (February 3-10, before any restriction in any Italian area). During the lockdown, people increased the usage of digital media near bedtime, but this change did not affect sleep habits. Nevertheless, during home confinement, sleep timing markedly changed, with people going to bed and waking up later, and spending more time in bed, but, paradoxically, also reporting a lower sleep quality. The increase in sleep difficulties was stronger for people with a higher level of depression, anxiety and stress symptomatology, and associated with the feeling of elongation of time. Considering that the lockdown is likely to continue for weeks, research data are urgently needed to support decision making, to build public awareness and to provide timely and supportive psychosocial interventions."}, {"pmid": 32207032, "pmcid": "PMC7095065", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Children with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Hubei, China.", "journal": "Curr Med Sci", "authors": ["Zheng, Fang", "Liao, Chun", "Fan, Qi-Hong", "Chen, Hong-Bo", "Zhao, Xue-Gong", "Xie, Zhong-Guo", "Li, Xi-Lin", "Chen, Chun-Xi", "Lu, Xiao-Xia", "Liu, Zhi-Sheng", "Lu, Wei", "Chen, Chun-Bao", "Jiao, Rong", "Zhang, Ai-Ming", "Wang, Jin-Tang", "Ding, Xi-Wei", "Zeng, Yao-Guang", "Cheng, Li-Ping", "Huang, Qing-Feng", "Wu, Jiang", "Luo, Xi-Chang", "Wang, Zhu-Jun", "Zhong, Yan-Yan", "Bai, Yan", "Wu, Xiao-Yan", "Jin, Run-Ming"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207032", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, COVID-19 has occurred unexpectedly and emerged as a health problem worldwide. Despite the rapidly increasing number of cases in subsequent weeks, the clinical characteristics of pediatric cases are rarely described. A cross-sectional multicenter study was carried out in 10 hospitals across Hubei province. A total of 25 confirmed pediatric cases of COVID-19 were collected. The demographic data, epidemiological history, underlying diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiological data, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. Of 25 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the boy to girl ratio was 1.27:1. The median age was 3 years. COVID-19 cases in children aged <3 years, 3.6 years, and \u22656-years patients were 10 (40%), 6 (24%), and 9 (36%), respectively. The most common symptoms at onset of illness were fever (13 [52%]), and dry cough (11 [44%]). Chest CT images showed essential normal in 8 cases (33.3%), unilateral involvement of lungs in 5 cases (20.8%), and bilateral involvement in 11 cases (45.8%). Clinical diagnoses included upper respiratory tract infection (n=8), mild pneumonia (n=15), and critical cases (n=2). Two critical cases (8%) were given invasive mechanical ventilation, corticosteroids, and immunoglobulin. The symptoms in 24 (96%) of 25 patients were alleviated and one patient had been discharged. It was concluded that children were susceptible to COVID-19 like adults, while the clinical presentations and outcomes were more favorable in children. However, children less than 3 years old accounted for majority cases and critical cases lied in this age group, which demanded extra attentions during home caring and hospitalization treatment."}, {"pmid": 32353120, "pmcid": "PMC7197541", "title": "Does Cigarette Smoking Protect Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection?", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Propper, Ruth E"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353120", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312852, "title": "Coronavirus Pandemic: What Nuclear Medicine Departments Should Know.", "journal": "J Nucl Med Technol", "authors": ["Gnanasegaran, Gopinath", "Huang, Hian Liang", "Williams, Jessica", "Bomanji, Jamshed"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458596, "title": "Recommendations on management of gynecological malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives from Chinese gynecological oncologists.", "journal": "J Gynecol Oncol", "authors": ["Wang, Yingmei", "Zhang, Shiqian", "Wei, Lihui", "Lin, Zhongqiu", "Wang, Xinyu", "Wang, Jianliu", "Hua, Keqin", "Cui, Manhua", "Wang, Jiandong", "Wang, Shixuan", "Di, Wen", "Wang, Yudong", "An, Ruifang", "Xi, Mingrong", "Guo, Ruixia", "Zhou, Qi", "Xie, Xing", "Xue, Fengxia"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458596", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has rapidly spread globally. Cancer patients are at a higher risk of being infected with the coronavirus and are more likely to develop severe complications, as compared to the general population. The increasing spread of COVID-19 presents challenges for the clinical care of patients with gynecological malignancies. Concerted efforts should be put into managing gynecological malignancies in an orderly manner by strictly implementing the measures that are specifically developed for controlling the spread of COVID-19. We have drafted Recommendations on Management of Gynecological Malignancies during the COVID-19 Pandemic based on our experience on controlling COVID-19 pandemic in China. We recommend that patients with gynecological malignancies should be managed in hierarchical and individualized manners in combination with local conditions related to COVID-19. Medical care decision should be balanced between controlling COVID-19 pandemic spread and timely diagnosis and treatment for gynecologic oncology patients."}, {"pmid": 32342122, "pmcid": "PMC7184543", "title": "[BK 3101: COVID-19 infection of the ENT physician is an occupational disease, not an occupational accident].", "journal": "HNO", "authors": ["Michel, O"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342122", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395789, "title": "Counter-COVID- 19 pandemic strategy in the Maghreb Central. Qualitative study of the perceptions of health professionals.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Ben Abdelaziz, Ahmed", "Benzarti, Sofien", "Achouri, Mohamed Yacine", "Nouira, Sarra", "Mlouki, Imen", "Yahia, Faten", "Ben Abdelaziz, Asma", "Barhoumi, Tarek", "Quessar, Asmaa", "Ben Salem, Kamel"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395789", "countries": ["Tunisia", "Morocco", "Algeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Maghreb Central, like all the countries of the world, was strongly mobilized (governments, ministries of health, population, civil society) in the response against COVID-19, immediately after the registration of the first cases on its territory (end of February, beginning of March) and according to pre-established control strategies. Describe the perceptions of health professionals in the Central Maghreb (Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco) as to the Strengths/Opportunities and Weaknesses/Threats of the national response plans against COVID-19, during the first weeks of their execution, and report their proposals for optimizing the performance of control strategies. This is a qualitative study of the perceptions of health professionals in the Maghreb Central regarding their experience of the first six weeks of fighting the COVID-19 pandemic. The data was collected using the \"Delphi\" technique in one turn, based on an electronic form such as \"Google Form\", developed according to SWOT analysis. The respondents' verbatim was grouped into homogeneous groups of items, the occurrence of which was subsequently measured. A total of 382 health professionals from the Maghreb Central participated in this study, with a median age of 37 years and a median professional tenure of 10 years. The major force of the Maghreb response strategies, the most shared by the respondents, was the performance of the human resources mobilized (doctors, biologists, nurses, etc.) who succeeded in quickly learning from the international epidemiological expertise accumulated in Asia and in Europe. The fight against COVID-19 in the Central Maghreb was confronted with the general and chronic fragility of the national health systems and the low support of the general population for the recommendations of the steering committees of response, threatening the capacity of the Maghreb to confront new epidemics. The success of the national response plans against COVID-19 and of possible epidemics or pandemics in the Central Maghreb, is strongly attributed to the commitment of health professionals and to community participation, necessitating the launch of assistant motivation programs. and development of health personnel and mobilization and loyalty of civil society."}, {"pmid": 32330235, "pmcid": "PMC7197036", "title": "Universal Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders, Social Worth, and Life-Years: Opposing Discriminatory Approaches to the Allocation of Resources During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Other Health System Catastrophes.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Bledsoe, Thomas A", "Jokela, Janet A", "Deep, Noel N", "Snyder Sulmasy, Lois"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330235", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145766, "pmcid": "PMC7128408", "title": "Taking the right measures to control COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xiao, Yonghong", "Torok, Mili Estee"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145766", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308266, "pmcid": "PMC7147498", "title": "Molecular docking and dynamics simulation of FDA approved drugs with the main protease from 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Bioinformation", "authors": ["Odhar, Hasanain Abdulhameed", "Ahjel, Salam Waheed", "Albeer, Ali A Mohammed Ali", "Hashim, Ahmed Fadhil", "Rayshan, Ali Mahmood", "Humadi, Suhad Sami"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308266", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Design and development of an effective drug to combat the 2019 novel coronavirus remains a challenge. Therefore, it is of interest to study the binding features of 1615 FDA approved drugs with the recently known 2019-nCoV main protease structure having high sequence homology with that from SARS-CoV. We document the binding features of top 10 drugs with the target protein. We further report that Conivaptan and Azelastine are mainly involved in hydrophobic interactions with active site residues. Both drugs can maintain close proximity to the binding pocket of main protease during simulation. However, these data need further in vitro and in vivo evaluation to repurpose these two drugs against 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32267047, "pmcid": "PMC7262206", "title": "Special considerations for the management of COVID-19 pediatric patients in the operating room and pediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital in Singapore.", "journal": "Paediatr Anaesth", "authors": ["Thampi, Swapna", "Yap, Andrea", "Fan, Lijia", "Ong, Jacqueline"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267047", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 was first identified in Wuhan, China and is caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV 2. It has now spread rapidly to over 190 countries and territories around the world and has been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. The virus is spread through droplet transmission and currently has a mortality rate of over 4% globally. The pediatric population has been found to be less susceptible to the disease with the majority of children having milder symptoms and only one pediatric death being reported globally so far. Despite this, strategies need to be put in place to prevent further spread of the virus. We present a summary of the general measures implemented at a large adult and pediatric tertiary hospital in Singapore (National University Hospital) as well as the specific strategies in place for the operating room and pediatric intensive care unit."}, {"pmid": 32426890, "title": "Practice recommendations for the neurovascular ultrasound investigations of acute stroke patients in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic: an expert consensus from the European Society of Neurosonology and Cerebral Hemodynamics.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Baracchini, C", "Pieroni, A", "Kneihsl, M", "Azevedo, E", "Diomedi, M", "Pascazio, L", "Wojczal, J", "Lucas, C", "Bartels, E", "Bornstein, N M", "Csiba, L", "Valdueza, J", "Tsvigoulis, G", "Malojcic, B"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426890", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the COVID-19 pandemic stormed into the healthcare systems worldwide, protected stroke pathways have been suggested, in order not to spread the viral infection and ensure hyper-acute treatment. Noteworthy, patients with acute ischemic stroke are at high-risk for contracting SARS-CoV-2 virus, particularly the severe form, because COVID-19 and cerebrovascular diseases share common risk factors. Conversely, among patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 respiratory distress, about 5% might suffer a stroke. During the acute stages of the pandemic, thousands of healthcare professionals have already contracted COVID-19 infection, although the actual number is likely to be higher because healthcare workers are not always tested and protection measures at hospitals are not always readily available. This is the setting in which neurovascular ultrasound providers (physicians, sonographers) should expect to be involved in the care of stroke patients."}, {"pmid": 32319029, "pmcid": "PMC7172385", "title": "Patient self-proning with high-flow nasal cannula improves oxygenation in COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Slessarev, Marat", "Cheng, Jason", "Ondrejicka, Michaela", "Arntfield, Robert"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319029", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491096, "pmcid": "PMC7190095", "title": "Health belief model for coronavirus infection risk determinants.", "journal": "Rev Saude Publica", "authors": ["Costa, Marcelo Fernandes"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491096", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE To use the advantages of a ratio scale with verbal anchors in order to measure the risk perception in the novel coronavirus infection, which causes covid-19, in a health belief model-based questionnaire, as well as its validity and reproducibility. METHOD We used the health belief model, which explores four dimensions: perceived susceptibility (five questions), perceived severity (five questions), perceived benefits (five questions), and perceived barriers (five questions). Additionally, we included a fifth dimension, called pro-health motivation (four questions). The questions composed an electronic questionnaire disseminated by social networks for an one-week period. Answers were quantitative values of subjective representations, obtained by a psychophysically constructed scale with verbal anchors ratio (CentiMax \u00ae ). Mean time for total filling was 12 minutes (standard deviation = 1.6). RESULTS We obtained 277 complete responses to the form. One was excluded because it belonged to a participant under 18 years old. Reproducibility measures were significant for 22 of the 24 questions in our questionnaire (Cronbach's \u03b1 = 0.883). Convergent validity was attested by Spearman-Brown's split half reliability coefficient (r = 0.882). Significant differences among groups were more intense in perceived susceptibility and severity dimensions, and less in perceived benefits and barriers. CONCLUSION Our health belief model-based questionnaire using quantitative measures enabled the confirmation of popular beliefs about covid-19 infection risks. The advantage in our approach lays in the possibility of quickly, directly and quantitatively identifying individual belief profiles for each dimension in the questionnaire, serving as a great ally for communication processes and public health education."}, {"pmid": 32318729, "pmcid": "PMC7188112", "title": "Fever without a source in a young infant due to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Kan, Matthew J", "Grant, Lauren M C", "Muna, Martha A", "Greenhow, Tara L"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318729", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 5-week-old infant admitted for fever without a source subsequently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. She had a mild hospital course without respiratory distress. This unexpected presentation changed regional hospital screening for COVID-19 and personal protective equipment use by medical providers evaluating infants with fever without a source."}, {"pmid": 32502662, "pmcid": "PMC7266579", "title": "Early characteristics of the COVID-19 outbreak predict the subsequent epidemic size.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Lei", "Tao, Yusha", "Wang, Jing", "Ong, Jason J", "Tang, Weiming", "Zou, Maosheng", "Bai, Lu", "Ding, Miao", "Shen, Mingwang", "Zhuang, Guihua", "Fairley, Christopher K"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502662", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The largely resolved first wave of the COVID-19 epidemic in China provides a unique opportunity to investigate how the early characteristics of the COVID-19 outbreak predicts its subsequent size. We collected publicly available COVID-19 epidemiological data from 436 Chinese cities during 16th January-15th March 2020. Based on 45 cities which reported >100 confirmed cases, we examined the correlation between early-stage epidemic characteristics and subsequent epidemic size. We identified a transition point from a slow- to a fast-growing phase for COVID-19 at 5.5 (95% CI, 4.6-6.4) days after the first report, and 30 confirmed cases marked a critical threshold for this transition. The average time for the number of confirmed cases to increase from 30 to 100 (time from 30-to-100) was 6.6 (5.3-7.9) days, and the average case-fatality rate in the first 100 confirmed cases (CFR-100) was 0.8% (0.2-1.4%). The subsequent epidemic size per million population was significantly associated with both of these indicators. We predict a ranking of epidemic size in the cities based on these two indicators and found it highly correlated with the actual ranking of epidemic size. Early epidemic characteristics are important indicators for the size of the entire epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32496811, "title": "Prevalence of COVID-19 in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: Implications for Bystander CPR.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Sayre, Michael R", "Barnard, Leslie M", "Counts, Catherine R", "Drucker, Christopher J", "Kudenchuk, Peter J", "Rea, Thomas D", "Eisenberg, Mickey S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496811", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303925, "pmcid": "PMC7165075", "title": "The Burden of COVID-19 in People Living with HIV: A Syndemic Perspective.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Shiau, Stephanie", "Krause, Kristen D", "Valera, Pamela", "Swaminathan, Shobha", "Halkitis, Perry N"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303925", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel coronavirus disease known as COVID-19 creates another health burden for people living with HIV (PLWH) who face multiple morbidities and may be at heightened risk for severe physical health illness from COVID-19. Our abilities to address these morbidities in PLWH must be considered alongside the socially-produced burdens that both place this population at risk for COVID-19 and heighten the likelihood of adverse outcomes. These burdens can affect the physical, emotional, and social well-being of PLWH and interfere with the delivery of effective healthcare and access to HIV treatment. We posit that a syndemic framework can be used to conceptualize the potential impact of COVID-19 among PLWH to inform the development of health programming services."}, {"pmid": 32324929, "pmcid": "PMC7264745", "title": "Ophthalmic clinical skills teaching in the time of COVID-19: A crisis and opportunity.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Shih, Kendrick Co", "Chan, Jonathan Cheuk-Hung", "Chen, Julie Yun", "Lai, Jimmy Shiu-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324929", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32252141, "pmcid": "PMC7170784", "title": "Epidemiology, virology, and clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome -coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus Disease-19).", "journal": "Clin Exp Pediatr", "authors": ["Park, Su Eun"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252141", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cluster of severe pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December 2019. A novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was isolated from lower respiratory tract sample as the causative agent. The current outbreak of infections with SARS-CoV-2 is termed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 rapidly spread into at least 114 countries and killed more than 4,000 people by March 11 2020. WHO officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. There have been 2 novel coronavirus outbreaks in the past 2 decades. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003 caused by SARS-CoV had a case fatality rate of around 10% (8,098 confirmed cases and 774 deaths), while Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) caused by MERSCoV killed 861 people out of a total 2,502 confirmed cases between 2012 and 2019. The purpose of this review is to summarize known-to-date information about SARS-CoV-2, transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and clinical features."}, {"pmid": 32420527, "pmcid": "PMC7213868", "title": "Correction: A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations.", "journal": "Gen Psychiatr", "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420527", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213.]."}, {"pmid": 32289035, "pmcid": "PMC7103905", "title": "Dysosmia and dysgeusia due to the 2019 Novel Coronavirus; a hypothesis that needs further investigation.", "journal": "Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg", "authors": ["Keyhan, Seied Omid", "Fallahi, Hamid Reza", "Cheshmi, Behzad"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289035", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299528, "pmcid": "PMC7198458", "title": "Early phases of COVID-19 management in a low-income country: Bangladesh.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Monjur, Mohammad R", "Hassan, Md Zakiul"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299528", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266947, "title": "Public Health and Ethics Intersect at New Levels With Gerontological Nursing in COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gerontol Nurs", "authors": ["Young, Heather M", "Fick, Donna M"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266947", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217658, "pmcid": "PMC7098484", "title": "Strategies for the prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Guan, Wei-Jie", "Chen, Rong-Chang", "Zhong, Nan-Shan"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217658", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514854, "title": "[Biological therapy after COVID-19 infection : No reactivation of a COVID-19 infection with positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody status under biological therapy].", "journal": "Z Rheumatol", "authors": ["Steinchen, N", "Muller-Ladner, U", "Lange, U"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514854", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A\u00a0case with rheumatoid arthritis and insufficient compensation under disease-modifying combined long-term therapy with methotrexate and leflunomide is reported. After recovery from a\u00a0COVID-19 infection, a\u00a0tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor therapy was initiated. Until now no reactivation of the COVID-19 infection with positive SARS-CoV\u20112 antibody status has occurred."}, {"pmid": 32247882, "pmcid": "PMC7129473", "title": "Understanding the \"Scope\" of the Problem: Why Laparoscopy Is Considered Safe during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Morris, Stephanie N", "Fader, Amanda Nickles", "Milad, Magdy P", "Dionisi, Humberto J"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482138, "title": "Guidelines for Resident Participation in Otolaryngology Telehealth Clinics During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Plocienniczak, Michal J", "Noordzij, J Pieter", "Grillone, Gregory", "Platt, Michael", "Brook, Christopher"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482138", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The practice of otolaryngology has changed drastically since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. To limit exposure and maintain a reserve of caregivers, residency education ceased most clinical activities and shifted to remote lecture consortiums hosted online across the country in lieu of ambulatory and operative experiences. Many practicing university otolaryngologists have transitioned their clinics to telehealth medicine to maintain access to clinical care during the pandemic. The participation of residents in telemedicine visits has not been described. Here we present guidelines and experience-based suggestions for successful resident involvement in telemedicine. While it is unclear what role telehealth medicine may play within the field of otolaryngology beyond the pandemic, our experiences suggest better patient outreach and access. Expanding residents' skill set with telehealth medicine can enhance their education and better prepare them for future practice."}, {"pmid": 32358609, "pmcid": "PMC7197558", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: too little or too much?", "journal": "Nephrol Dial Transplant", "authors": ["Essig, Marie", "Matt, Morgan", "Massy, Ziad"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358609", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343222, "title": "Evaluating the Effectiveness of Social Distancing Interventions to Delay or Flatten the Epidemic Curve of Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Matrajt, Laura", "Leung, Tiffany"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343222", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "By April 2, 2020, >1 million persons worldwide were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We used a mathematical model to investigate the effectiveness of social distancing interventions in a mid-sized city. Interventions reduced contacts of adults >60 years of age, adults 20-59 years of age, and children <19 years of age for 6 weeks. Our results suggest interventions started earlier in the epidemic delay the epidemic curve and interventions started later flatten the epidemic curve. We noted that, while social distancing interventions were in place, 20% of new cases and most hospitalizations and deaths were averted, even with modest reductions in contact among adults. However, when interventions ended, the epidemic rebounded. Our models suggest that social distancing can provide crucial time to increase healthcare capacity but must occur in conjunction with testing and contact tracing of all suspected cases to mitigate virus transmission."}, {"pmid": 32392495, "pmcid": "PMC7207196", "title": "Hookah smoking and COVID-19: call for action.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Shekhar, Skand", "Hannah-Shmouni, Fady"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392495", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304970, "pmcid": "PMC7195029", "title": "Challenges and solutions for addressing critical shortage of supply chain for personal and protective equipment (PPE) arising from Coronavirus disease (COVID19) pandemic - Case study from the Republic of Ireland.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Rowan, Neil J", "Laffey, John G"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304970", "countries": ["United States", "Ireland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) is highly infectious agent that causes fatal respiratory illnesses, which is of great global public health concern. Currently, there is no effective vaccine for tackling this COVID19 pandemic where disease countermeasures rely upon preventing or slowing person-to-person transmission. Specifically, there is increasing efforts to prevent or reduce transmission to front-line healthcare workers (HCW). However, there is growing international concern regarding the shortage in supply chain of critical one-time-use personal and protective equipment (PPE). PPE are heat sensitive and are not, by their manufacturer's design, intended for reprocessing. Most conventional sterilization technologies used in hospitals, or in terminal medical device sterilization providers, cannot effectively reprocess PPE due to the nature and severity of sterilization modalities. Contingency planning for PPE stock shortage is important. Solutions in the Republic of Ireland include use of smart communication channels to improve supply chain, bespoke production of PPE to meets gaps, along with least preferred option, use of sterilization or high-level disinfection for PPE reprocessing. Reprocessing PPE must consider material composition, functionality post treatment, along with appropriate disinfection. Following original manufacturer of PPE and regulatory guidance is important. Technologies deployed in the US, and for deployment in the Republic of Ireland, are eco-friendly, namely vaporised hydrogen peroxide (VH2O2), such as for filtering facepiece respirators and UV irradiation and High-level liquid disinfection (Actichlor+) is also been pursed in Ireland. Safeguarding supply chain of PPE will sustain vital healthcare provision and will help reduce mortality."}, {"pmid": 32278619, "pmcid": "PMC7131203", "title": "The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in pregnancy: What we need to know.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Saccone, Gabriele", "Carbone, Floriana Ilma", "Zullo, Fulvio"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505756, "title": "Almitrine as a non-ventilatory strategy to improve intrapulmonary shunt in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Marie-Reine, Losser", "Coline, Lapoix", "Matthieu, Delannoy", "Benoit, Champigneulle", "Didier, Payen"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505756", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386832, "pmcid": "PMC7183937", "title": "Prevention is better than the cure, but the cure cannot be worse than the disease: fibreoptic tracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Sorbello, Massimiliano", "Di Giacinto, Ida", "Corso, Ruggero M", "Cataldo, Rita"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386832", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402434, "pmcid": "PMC7200380", "title": "COVID-19 in pediatric patients: What the prehospital teams need to know.", "journal": "Arch Pediatr", "authors": ["Lemoine, Sabine", "Chabernaud, Jean-Louis", "Travers, Stephane", "Prunet, Bertrand"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402434", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32257174, "pmcid": "PMC7125416", "title": "When will the battle against novel coronavirus end in Wuhan: A SEIR modeling analysis.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Wan, Kangkang", "Chen, Jing", "Lu, Changming", "Dong, Lanlan", "Wu, Zhicheng", "Zhang, Lianglu"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257174", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent outbreak of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan raised serious public health concerns. By February 15, 2020 in Wuhan, the total number of confirmed infection cases has reached 37\u2009914, and the number of deaths has reached 1123, accounting for 56.9% of the total confirmed cases and 73.7% of the total deaths in China. People are eager to know when the epidemic will be completely controlled and when people's work and life will be on the right track. In this study we analyzed the epidemic dynamics and trend of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan by using the data after the closure of Wuhan city till February 12, 2020 based on the SEIR modeling method. The optimal parameters were estimated as R0\u2009=\u20091.44 (interquartile range: 1.40-1.47), TI\u2009=\u200914 (interquartile range\u2009=\u200914-14) and TE\u2009=\u20093.0 (interquartile range\u2009=\u20092.8-3.1). Based on these parameters, the number of infected individuals in Wuhan city may reach the peak around February 19 at about 47\u2009000 people. Once entering March, the epidemic would gradually decline, and end around the late March. It is worth noting that the above prediction is based on the assumption that the number of susceptible population N\u2009=\u2009200\u2009000 will not increase. If the epidemic situation is not properly controlled, the peak of infected number can be further increased and the peak time will be a little postponed. It was expected that the epidemic would subside in early March, and disappear gradually towards the late March. The epidemic situation of 2019-nCoV in Wuhan was effectively controlled after the closure of the city, and the disease transmission index also decreased significantly. It is expected that the peak of epidemic situation would be reached in late February and end in March."}, {"pmid": 32098875, "title": "Covid-19: surge in cases in Italy and South Korea makes pandemic look more likely.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32098875", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427194, "pmcid": "PMC7232931", "title": "COVID-19 places Iran's nomadic pastoralists at a crossroads.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Rahmanian, Maryam", "Naghizadeh, Nahid"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427194", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329923, "pmcid": "PMC7264612", "title": "Early institutional head and neck oncologic and microvascular surgery practice patterns across the United States during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19) pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Patel, Rusha J", "Kejner, Alexandra", "McMullen, Caitlin"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329923", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused rapid changes in head and neck cancer (HNC) care. \"Real-time\" methods to monitor practice patterns can optimize provider safety and patient care. Head and neck surgeons from 14 institutions in the United States regularly contributed their practice patterns to a shared spreadsheet. Data from 27 March 2020 to 5 April 2020 was analyzed. All institutions had significantly restricted HNC clinic evaluations. Two institutions stopped free-flap surgery with the remaining scheduling surgery by committee review. Factors contributing to reduced clinical volume included lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) (35%) and lack of rapid COVID-19 testing (86%). The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a reduction in HNC care. Rapid COVID-19 testing and correlation with infectious potential remain paramount to resuming the care of patients with head and neck cancer. Cloud-based platforms to share practice patterns will be essential as the pandemic evolves."}, {"pmid": 32525828, "title": "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Nantong, China.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Lu, Renfei", "Qin, Jianru", "Wu, Yan", "Wang, Jian", "Huang, Shengyong", "Tian, Lijun", "Zhang, Tao", "Wu, Xiuming", "Huang, Songping", "Jin, Xia", "Zhang, Chiyu"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525828", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a newly emerging life-threatening respiratory disease caused by a newly identified coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. We included 28 COVID-19 patients admitted to Nantong Third Hospital from January 23 to February 26, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed using real-time RT-PCR. The demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory parameters were obtained from each patient. The vast majority (71.4%) of confirmed COVID-19 patients were brought in from outside of the city, and all others had contact history with these confirmed cases. The median age of patients was 50 years old and half had underlying diseases. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness were fever (96.4%), cough (67.9%), and chilly (28.6%), and 75.0% patients had two or more symptoms. Increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, serum ferritin and C-reactive protein levels, and reduced absolute counts of total lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subsets were observed among the patients. The vast majority (85.7%) of patients showed bilateral or unilateral pneumonia, and three symptomatic patients and one asymptomatic case did not show abnormalities in their CT image. Among the 28 admitted patients, 24 were discharged as of February 26, 2020, with an average hospital stay of 14.96 (\u00b14.27) days, which was not significantly associated with the interval between the onset of symptoms and admission. In the absence of specific antiviral drugs or a vaccine, quarantine or isolation is the most effective intervention strategy for preventing the spread of the virus. Adequate supportive medical care is crucial for good prognosis of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32339260, "title": "Patient blood management during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Baron, D M", "Franchini, M", "Goobie, S M", "Javidroozi, M", "Klein, A A", "Lasocki, S", "Liumbruno, G M", "Munoz, M", "Shander, A", "Spahn, D R", "Zacharowski, K", "Meybohm, P"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339260", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As COVID-19 disease escalates globally, optimising patient outcome during this catastrophic healthcare crisis is the number one priority. The principles of patient blood management are fundamental strategies to improve patient outcomes and should be given high priority in this crisis situation. The aim of this expert review is to provide clinicians and healthcare authorities with information regarding how to apply established principles of patient blood management during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, this review considers the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood supply and specifies important aspects of donor management. We discuss how preventative and control measures implemented during the COVID-19 crisis could affect the prevalence of anaemia, and highlight issues regarding the diagnosis and treatment of anaemia in patients requiring elective or emergency surgery. In addition, we review aspects related to patient blood management of critically ill patients with known or suspected COVID-19, and discuss important alterations of the coagulation system in patients hospitalised due to COVID-19. Finally, we address special considerations pertaining to supply-demand and cost-benefit issues of patient blood management during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32533666, "title": "Pharmaceutical care in hospitalized patients. (Management of the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. A new challenge for pharmacy services).", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Sevilla-Sanchez, Daniel", "Tuset-Creus, Montse"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533666", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, pharmacy services\u00a0have\u00a0 had to adapt their service portfolio, and yet ensure efficient,\u00a0equitable and\u00a0 quality pharmaceutical care. Given the limited scientific\u00a0evidence available, most drugs have been used off-label or in the context\u00a0of clinical trials, which should be the preferred option in order to create\u00a0new evidence.\u00a0Among kind different\u00a0 situations we have faced are the increase in\u00a0workload, the expansion of\u00a0 coverage to new wards and ICUs and shortages,\u00a0which have caused the use of\u00a0 alternative drugs and even other\u00a0routes of administration. Given that covid-19\u00a0 affects elderly population\u00a0with greater severity and many of them are\u00a0 polymedicated, great effort\u00a0have been focused on monitoring interactions, both\u00a0 pharmacokinetic and\u00a0pharmacodynamic (specially prolongation of the QT\u00a0 interval), monitoring\u00a0correct concentrations of electrolytes, nutritional support,\u00a0 adaptation\u00a0of chemotherapy treatment protocols and anticoagulant\u00a0 management,\u00a0among others.\u00a0The use of personal protective equipment added\u00a0 difficulty for nursing\u00a0work and some measures had been taken to minimize the\u00a0 number of entries\u00a0into the rooms. Eventually, team's split to guarantee care, the challenge of\u00a0teleworking, remote validation, telemedicine and telepharmacy for\u00a0 communication\u00a0between professionals and patients, as well as training in this\u00a0pandemic situation have been a challenge for our profession. These\u00a0 difficulties have risen up new learning opportunities we hope will be useful to us\u00a0 in the event we have to face similar situations in the future."}, {"pmid": 32086236, "title": "Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): The importance of recognising possible early ocular manifestation and using protective eyewear.", "journal": "Br J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Li, Ji-Peng Olivia", "Lam, Dennis Shun Chiu", "Chen, Youxin", "Ting, Daniel Shu Wei"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32086236", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418213, "title": "Reproductive health paradigms in times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["David, Adamson", "Zev, Rosenwaks", "Van Der Spuy, Zephne", "Diaz Yamal, Ivonne"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418213", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For the past several months, we have witnessed one of the greatest global health challenges experienced by humankind. This unprecedented COVID-19 viral pandemic, characterized by its enigmatic nature and bewildering spread, respects no borders and has nearly paralyzed healthcare systems throughout the world. Indeed, in the absence of specific, proven medical interventions, healthcare systems have been overwhelmed, thus limiting their ability to treat patients with non-emergent medical conditions and those awaiting elective procedures. Although it is beyond the scope of this editorial to discuss what constitutes a necessary or elective procedure, this radical change in medical practice has had an enormous impact on discontinuation of fertility care services, especially the assisted reproductive technologies (ART). It is eminently clear that reducing or discontinuing elective procedures and essential ART treatments was crucial not only to enable hospitals and medical facilities to manage (or to treat) the explosive rise in SARS-CoV-2 patients, but also to reduce disease transmission vis-\u00e0-vis various mitigating strategies-especially individual isolation and social distancing, strategies utilized effectively in China and Italy."}, {"pmid": 32271368, "pmcid": "PMC7184372", "title": "Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for Covid-19 hospital admission.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lighter, Jennifer", "Phillips, Michael", "Hochman, Sarah", "Sterling, Stephanie", "Johnson, Diane", "Francois, Fritz", "Stachel, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271368", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196627, "title": "Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound findings in novel coronavirus disease-19 pnemoniae: a case report and potential applications during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Buonsenso, D", "Piano, A", "Raffaelli, F", "Bonadia, N", "de Gaetano Donati, K", "Franceschi, F"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196627", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease-19 (nCoV-19) infection began in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and now involved the whole word. Several health workers have been infected in different countries. We report the case of a young man with documented nCoV-19 infection evaluated with lung ultrasound and discuss potential applications of lung ultrasound in this setting. Lung ultrasound allowed the identification of nCoV-19 infection at bed-side. Moreover, lung ultrasound can have several other advantages, such as reduced health worker exposition to infected patients, repeatability during follow-up, low-costs and easier application in low-resource settings."}, {"pmid": 32497001, "title": "Viral RNA Load in Mildly Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children with COVID-19, Seoul.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Han, Mi Seon", "Seong, Moon-Woo", "Kim, Namhee", "Shin, Sue", "Cho, Sung Im", "Park, Hyunwoong", "Kim, Taek Soo", "Park, Sung Sup", "Choi, Eun Hwa"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497001", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Along with positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in nasopharyngeal swabs, viral RNA was detectable at high concentration for >3 weeks in fecal samples from 12 mildly symptomatic and asymptomatic children with COVID-19. Saliva also tested positive during the early phase of infection. If proven infectious, feces and saliva could serve as transmission sources."}, {"pmid": 32525100, "title": "Role of computed tomography imaging in identifying COVID-19 cases.", "journal": "Hong Kong Med J", "authors": ["Wong, S Y S", "Kwok, K O"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525100", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497334, "title": "Letter to the Editor: A Missing Link between SARS-CoV-2 and the Eye?: ACE2 Expression on the Ocular Surface.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Grajewski, Rafael S", "Rokohl, Alexander C", "Becker, Martina", "Dewald, Felix", "Lehmann, Clara", "Fatkenheuer, Gerd", "Cursiefen, Claus", "Klein, Florian", "Heindl, Ludwig M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497334", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487773, "title": "Travel restrictions in the rising COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Hong Kong Med J", "authors": ["Xue, W", "Lam, C", "Yeung, H H", "Wong, C S", "Chan, V L Y", "Wong, Y S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487773", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472662, "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes: Is there enough evidence?", "journal": "J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich)", "authors": ["Tadic, Marijana", "Cuspidi, Cesare", "Sala, Carla"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472662", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of COVID-19, a disease caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Recent data showed that hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were the most prevalent comorbidities in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, data indicate that hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases are important risk factors for progression and unfavorable outcome in COVID-19 patients. There is only limited amount of data regarding follow-up of these patients, and they provided conflicting results. The main limitation is a small number of participants and particularly those who experienced primary composite outcome (admission in intensive care unit, use of mechanical ventilation, or death). Additionally, the limited number of patients was essential obstacle for performing analysis that would include many confounding factors such as advanced age, smoking status, and obesity and potentially change conclusion. So far, there is no study that demonstrated independent predictive value of diabetes on mortality in COVID-19 patients, but there are many speculations about the association between diabetes and susceptibility to novel coronavirus, as well as its impact on progression and prognosis of COVID-19. The aim of this review article was to summarize the current knowledge about the relationship between diabetes and COVID-19 and its role in outcome in these patients."}, {"pmid": 32172228, "title": "Potential preanalytical and analytical vulnerabilities in the laboratory diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Simundic, Ana-Maria", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32172228", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel zoonotic coronavirus outbreak is spreading all over the world. This pandemic disease has now been defined as novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and is sustained by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the current gold standard for the etiological diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is (real time) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) on respiratory tract specimens, the diagnostic accuracy of this technique shall be considered a foremost prerequisite. Overall, potential RT-PCR vulnerabilities include general preanalytical issues such as identification problems, inadequate procedures for collection, handling, transport and storage of the swabs, collection of inappropriate or inadequate material (for quality or volume), presence of interfering substances, manual errors, as well as specific aspects such as sample contamination and testing patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. Some analytical problems may also contribute to jeopardize the diagnostic accuracy, including testing outside the diagnostic window, active viral recombination, use of inadequately validated assays, insufficient harmonization, instrument malfunctioning, along with other specific technical issues. Some practical indications can hence be identified for minimizing the risk of diagnostic errors, encompassing the improvement of diagnostic accuracy by combining clinical evidence with results of chest computed tomography (CT) and RT-PCR, interpretation of RT-PCR results according to epidemiologic, clinical and radiological factors, recollection and testing of upper (or lower) respiratory specimens in patients with negative RT-PCR test results and high suspicion or probability of infection, dissemination of clear instructions for specimen (especially swab) collection, management and storage, together with refinement of molecular target(s) and thorough compliance with analytical procedures, including quality assurance."}, {"pmid": 32140676, "pmcid": "PMC7046497", "title": "Emerging zoonoses: A one health challenge.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32140676", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439872, "title": "Low- and middle-income countries face up to COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Shuchman, Miriam"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439872", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398294, "pmcid": "PMC7236825", "title": "Venous thromboembolism in SARS-CoV-2 patients: only a problem in ventilated ICU patients, or is there more to it?", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Criel, Maarten", "Falter, Maarten", "Jaeken, Jasmien", "Van Kerrebroeck, Margaretha", "Lefere, Isabelle", "Meylaerts, Liesbeth", "Mesotten, Dieter", "Vander Laenen, Margot", "Fivez, Tom", "Thomeer, Michiel", "David, Ruttens"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398294", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32182131, "pmcid": "PMC7147280", "title": "Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak on ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Care in Hong Kong, China.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Tam, Chor-Cheung Frankie", "Cheung, Kent-Shek", "Lam, Simon", "Wong, Anthony", "Yung, Arthur", "Sze, Michael", "Lam, Yui-Ming", "Chan, Carmen", "Tsang, Tat-Chi", "Tsui, Matthew", "Tse, Hung-Fat", "Siu, Chung-Wah"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32182131", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448323, "pmcid": "PMC7245982", "title": "The psycho-social effects of COVID-19 on Italian adolescents' attitudes and behaviors.", "journal": "Ital J Pediatr", "authors": ["Buzzi, Carlo", "Tucci, Maurizio", "Ciprandi, Riccardo", "Brambilla, Ilaria", "Caimmi, Silvia", "Ciprandi, Giorgio", "Marseglia, Gian Luigi"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448323", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an emerging issue that has significant consequences on psycho-social well-being. In this regard, a survey was conducted on a large group of adolescents in Italy. The survey investigated four items: concerns and fears, information on the pandemic, provisions of public authorities (e.g., lockdown), and impact on everyday life. Adolescents actively participated in the survey. COVID-19 affected emotions and lifestyle. COVID-19 influenced relationships with peers and parents. There were regional differences. The current research highlighted the remarkable, healthy, and certainly unexpected, emotional balance of the new generations in the face of a sudden, unpredictable phenomenon capable of jeopardizing life itself. While understanding the gravity of the phenomenon and willingly adapting to all the necessary precautions, the adolescents still seemed to express an excellent ability to manage situations of insecurity and to deal with unfavorable and adverse conditions by adapting to the new routine and finding alternative and innovative means of meeting their social and psychological needs."}, {"pmid": 32415494, "pmcid": "PMC7225250", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and therapy with ibuprofen or renin-angiotensin system blockers: no need for interruptions or changes in ongoing chronic treatments.", "journal": "Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol", "authors": ["Zolk, Oliver", "Hafner, Susanne", "Schmidt, Christoph Q"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415494", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Scientists hypothesized that drugs such as ibuprofen or renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers could exacerbate the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 by upregulating the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which serves as an entry receptor for the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. This hypothesis was taken up by the lay press and led to concerns among doctors and patients whether the use of these drugs was still safe and justified against the background of the pandemic spread of SARS-CoV-2 with an increasing number of cases and deaths. In this article, we summarize what is known about the effect of RAS blockers or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the course of COVID-19 disease. In the case of RAS inhibition, we also find evidence for the opposite hypothesis, namely, that RAS inhibition in COVID-19 could be protective. In view of the inconsistent and limited evidence and after weighing up the benefits and risks, we would not currently recommend discontinuing or switching an effective treatment with RAS blockers. NSAIDs should be used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest possible period. The choice of drug to treat COVID-19-associated fever or pain should be based on a benefit-risk assessment for known side effects (e.g., kidney damage, gastrointestinal ulceration)."}, {"pmid": 32399097, "pmcid": "PMC7212214", "title": "Lessons learned from SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV: FDA-approved Abelson tyrosine-protein kinase 2 inhibitors may help us combat SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Arch Med Sci", "authors": ["Nabavi, Seyed Fazel", "Habtemariam, Solomon", "Clementi, Emilio", "Berindan-Neagoe, Ioana", "Cismaru, Cosmin Andrei", "Rasekhian, Mahsa", "Banach, Maciej", "Izadi, Morteza", "Bagheri, Mahdi", "Bagheri, Mohammad Sadegh", "Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399097", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301962, "pmcid": "PMC7165316", "title": "Symptom Screening at Illness Onset of Health Care Personnel With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in King County, Washington.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Chow, Eric J", "Schwartz, Noah G", "Tobolowsky, Farrell A", "Zacks, Rachael L T", "Huntington-Frazier, Melinda", "Reddy, Sujan C", "Rao, Agam K"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301962", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355014, "title": "The coronavirus czar.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Kupferschmidt, Kai"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355014", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457527, "title": "Belgium - concerns about coronavirus contact-tracing apps.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Vandamme, Anne-Mieke", "Nguyen, ToTran"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457527", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367660, "pmcid": "PMC7261992", "title": "Performing dermoscopy in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Goldust, Mohamad", "Zalaudek, Iris", "Gupta, Atula", "Lallas, Aimilios", "Rudnicka, Lidia", "Navarini, Alexander A"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367660", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396988, "pmcid": "PMC7273058", "title": "COVID-19, sweat, tears... and myopia?", "journal": "Clin Exp Optom", "authors": ["Navel, Valentin", "Beze, Steven", "Dutheil, Frederic"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396988", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329814, "title": "Quarantine hospitals are essential for COVID-19 contention.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Wang, M-W", "Zhou, M-Y", "Yu, P", "Cheng, Y-R", "Ye, L", "Chen, J", "Feng, Z-H"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329814", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501416, "pmcid": "PMC7249976", "title": "Quantifying the role of social distancing, personal protection and case detection in mitigating COVID-19 outbreak in Ontario, Canada.", "journal": "J Math Ind", "authors": ["Wu, Jianhong", "Tang, Biao", "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "Nah, Kyeongah", "McCarthy, Zachary"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501416", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health interventions have been implemented to mitigate the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Ontario, Canada; however, the quantification of their effectiveness remains to be done and is important to determine if some of the social distancing measures can be relaxed without resulting in a second wave. We aim to equip local public health decision- and policy-makers with mathematical model-based quantification of implemented public health measures and estimation of the trend of COVID-19 in Ontario to inform future actions in terms of outbreak control and de-escalation of social distancing. Our estimates confirm that (1) social distancing measures have helped mitigate transmission by reducing daily infection contact rate, but the disease transmission probability per contact remains as high as 0.145 and case detection rate was so low that the effective reproduction number remained higher than the threshold for disease control until the closure of non-essential business in the Province; (2) improvement in case detection rate and closure of non-essential business had resulted in further reduction of the effective control number to under the threshold. We predict the number of confirmed cases according to different control efficacies including a combination of reducing further contact rates and transmission probability per contact. We show that improved case detection rate plays a decisive role to reduce the effective reproduction number, and there is still much room in terms of improving personal protection measures to compensate for the strict social distancing measures."}, {"pmid": 32389704, "pmcid": "PMC7204693", "title": "Pain: A potential new label of COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Su, Si", "Cui, Huan", "Wang, Tao", "Shen, Xinhua", "Ma, Chao"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389704", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302990, "pmcid": "PMC7164320", "title": "Editorial. Impact of COVID-19 on neurosurgery resident training and education.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Bambakidis, Nicholas C", "Tomei, Krystal L"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302990", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340092, "title": "[Suggestions on reforming and improving the prevention and treatment system for major epidemic diseases in China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, L M", "Zhan, S Y", "Chi, H", "Deng, Y", "Wang, L", "Wang, B"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340092", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on systematic review of the role of clinical treatment, disease control and scientific research, and combining with the problems exposed by the COVID-19 epidemic, suggestions were proposed to reform and improve the prevention and treatment system for major epidemics diseases in China. In clinical treatment, it is necessary to enhance clinical staff's awareness of law-based reporting, capabilities of syndromic surveillance, the use of infectious diseases reporting systems, and to improve national or local monitoring platforms for emerging infectious diseases detection. In terms of disease control, it is important to provide authorities to disease control departments through laws and regulations, improve the quantity and quality of related human resources, and strengthen the applied research and technical readiness targeted infections disease prevention, control and emergency preparedness. As for scientific research in major epidemic response, it is essential to strengthen research projects guided by national requests, build research institutions that can \"make a final decision\", establish national and regional key laboratories, and strengthen strategic technical reserve for emergency disease control and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32502005, "title": "The efficacy of masks for influenza-like illness in the community: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Wang, Hua", "Chen, Mao-Bing", "Cui, Wei-Yan", "Xu, Hua-Lan", "Zheng, Qi-Han"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502005", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 period, there was a huge gap in the understanding of masks between east and west. At the same time, the mechanism of the mask and the effect after use, also appeared differences. The Objective of this Meta-analysis is to systematically evaluate the efficacy of masks for influenza in the community. The Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Clinical Trials will be electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials regarding the efficacy of masks for influenza in the community through Apr 2020. Two researchers independently screened and evaluated the obtained studies and extracted the outcome indexes. Revman 5.3 software will be used for the meta-analysis. The outbreak is continuing, and we need to be prepared for a long fight. If masks are effective, we need to promote their use as soon as possible. If masks are ineffective, strong evidence should be given. This is an urgent task and our team will finish it as soon as possible. Provide stronger evidence to solve the problem, should we wear masks or not right now."}, {"pmid": 32360500, "pmcid": "PMC7187854", "title": "Clinical and transmission dynamics characteristics of 406 children with coronavirus disease 2019 in China: A review.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhen-Dong, Yang", "Gao-Jun, Zhou", "Run-Ming, Jin", "Zhi-Sheng, Liu", "Zong-Qi, Dong", "Xiong, Xie", "Guo-Wei, Song"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360500", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chinese pediatricians are working on the front line to fight COVID-19. They have published a great amount of first-hand clinical data. Collecting their data and forming a large sample for analysis is more conducive to the recognition, prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in children. The epidemic prevention and control experience of Chinese pediatricians should be shared with the world. By searching Chinese and English literature, the data of 406 children with COVID-19 in China were analyzed. It was found that the clustered incidence of children's families is a dynamic transmission feature; the incidence is low; asymptomatic infections and mild cases account for 44.8%, with only 7 cases of critical illness; laboratory examination of lymphocyte counts is not reduced, as it is for adults; chest CT findings are less severe than those for adults. These presentations are the clinical features of COVID-19 in children. Only 55 of the 406 cases were tested by anal swab for virus nucleic acid, 45 of which were positive, accounting for 81.8% of stool samples. There are more children than adults with asymptomatic infections, milder conditions, faster recovery, and a better prognosis. Some concealed morbidity characteristics also bring difficulties to the early identification, prevention and control of COVID-19. COVID-19 screening is needed in the pediatric fever clinic, and respiratory and digestive tract nucleic acid tests should be performed. Efforts should be made to prevent children from becoming a hidden source of transmission in kindergartens, schools or families. Furthermore, China's experience in treating COVID-19 in children has led to faster recovery of sick children."}, {"pmid": 32167442, "pmcid": "PMC7137534", "title": "Involving antimicrobial stewardship programs in COVID-19 response efforts: All hands on deck.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Stevens, Michael P", "Patel, Payal K", "Nori, Priya"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305088, "pmcid": "PMC7162641", "title": "Flooded by the torrent: the COVID-19 drug pipeline.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Mullard, Asher"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305088", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499922, "pmcid": "PMC7248455", "title": "ACE2 expression and sex disparity in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cell Death Discov", "authors": ["Gagliardi, Maria Cristina", "Tieri, Paolo", "Ortona, Elena", "Ruggieri, Anna"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499922", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416413, "pmcid": "PMC7204710", "title": "Covid-19 management with inflammation resolving mediators? Perspectives and potential.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Regidor, Pedro-Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416413", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415678, "title": "Early clinical response to a high consequence infectious disease outbreak: insights from COVID-19.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Rojek, Amanda M", "Dutch, Martin", "Camilleri, David", "Gardiner, Emma", "Smith, Emma", "Marshall, Caroline", "Buising, Kirsty L", "Walsham, Nicola", "Putland, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415678", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335426, "pmcid": "PMC7165105", "title": "Imaging of coronavirus disease 2019: A Chinese expert consensus statement.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Yang, Qi", "Liu, Qiang", "Xu, Haibo", "Lu, Hong", "Liu, Shiyuan", "Li, Hongjun"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335426", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly contagious, mainly causing inflammatory lesions in the lungs, and can also cause damage to the intestine and liver. The rapid spread of the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia has posed complex challenges to global public health. Early detection, isolation, diagnosis, and treatment are the most effective means of prevention and control. At present, the epidemic situation of new coronavirus infection has tended to be controlled in China, and it is still in a period of rapid rise in much of the world. The current gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19 is the detection of coronavirus nucleic acids, but imaging has an important role in the detection of lung lesions, stratification, evaluation of treatment strategies, and differentiation of mixed infections. This Chinese expert consensus statement summarizes the imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia and may help radiologists across the world to understand this disease better."}, {"pmid": 32191764, "pmcid": "PMC7082074", "title": "Association of radiologic findings with mortality of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Yuan, Mingli", "Yin, Wen", "Tao, Zhaowu", "Tan, Weijun", "Hu, Yi"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191764", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Radiologic characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (NCIP) which had not been fully understood are especially important for diagnosing and predicting prognosis. We retrospective studied 27 consecutive patients who were confirmed NCIP, the clinical characteristics and CT image findings were collected, and the association of radiologic findings with mortality of patients was evaluated. 27 patients included 12 men and 15 women, with median age of 60 years (IQR 47-69). 17 patients discharged in recovered condition and 10 patients died in hospital. The median age of mortality group was higher compared to survival group (68 (IQR 63-73) vs 55 (IQR 35-60), P = 0.003). The comorbidity rate in mortality group was significantly higher than in survival group (80% vs 29%, P = 0.018). The predominant CT characteristics consisted of ground glass opacity (67%), bilateral sides involved (86%), both peripheral and central distribution (74%), and lower zone involvement (96%). The median CT score of mortality group was higher compared to survival group (30 (IQR 7-13) vs 12 (IQR 11-43), P = 0.021), with more frequency of consolidation (40% vs 6%, P = 0.047) and air bronchogram (60% vs 12%, P = 0.025). An optimal cutoff value of a CT score of 24.5 had a sensitivity of 85.6% and a specificity of 84.5% for the prediction of mortality. 2019-nCoV was more likely to infect elderly people with chronic comorbidities. CT findings of NCIP were featured by predominant ground glass opacities mixed with consolidations, mainly peripheral or combined peripheral and central distributions, bilateral and lower lung zones being mostly involved. A simple CT scoring method was capable to predict mortality."}, {"pmid": 32410234, "pmcid": "PMC7272953", "title": "Use of subcutaneous tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Mazzitelli, Maria", "Arrighi, Eugenio", "Serapide, Francesca", "Pelle, Maria Chiara", "Tassone, Bruno", "Lionello, Rosaria", "Marrazzo, Giuseppina", "Lagana, Domenico", "Costanzo, Francesco Saverio", "Matera, Giovanni", "Trecarichi, Enrico Maria", "Torti, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410234", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over the last months, pandemic SARS-CoV-2 caused a significant challenge for clinicians. Unfortunately, no approved and validated treatments are available. Intravenous tocilizumab, an antirheumatic drug, seems to be promising in counteracting cytokine storm caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection with associated clinical improvements. We report herein a case series of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia who were treated with tocilizumab administrated, for the first time, subcutaneously with good clinical and radiological outcomes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32398273, "title": "RNA genome conservation and secondary structure in SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-related viruses: a first look.", "journal": "RNA", "authors": ["Rangan, Ramya", "Zheludev, Ivan N", "Das, Rhiju"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398273", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 outbreak spreads, there is a growing need for a compilation of conserved RNA genome regions in the SARS-CoV-2 virus along with their structural propensities to guide development of antivirals and diagnostics. Here we present a first look at RNA sequence conservation and structural propensities in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Using sequence alignments spanning a range of betacoronaviruses, we rank genomic regions by RNA sequence conservation, identifying 79 regions of length at least 15 nucleotides as exactly conserved over SARS-related complete genome sequences available near the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. We then confirm the conservation of the majority of these genome regions across 739 SARS-CoV-2 sequences subsequently reported from the COVID-19 outbreak, and we present a curated list of 30 'SARS-related-conserved' regions. We find that known RNA structured elements curated as Rfam families and in prior literature are enriched in these conserved genome regions, and we predict additional conserved, stable secondary structures across the viral genome. We provide 106 'SARS-CoV-2-conserved-structured' regions as potential targets for antivirals that bind to structured RNA. We further provide detailed secondary structure models for the extended 5' UTR, frame-shifting element, and 3' UTR. Last, we predict regions of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome that have low propensity for RNA secondary structure and are conserved within SARS-CoV-2 strains. These 59 'SARS-CoV-2-conserved-unstructured' genomic regions may be most easily targeted in primer-based diagnostic and oligonucleotide-based therapeutic strategies."}, {"pmid": 32299148, "title": "Considerations for Obesity, Vitamin D, and Physical Activity Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Carter, Stephen J", "Baranauskas, Marissa N", "Fly, Alyce D"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the biomedical community races to disentangle the unknowns associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus responsible for causing coronavirus disease, the link between diminished immune function and individuals with obesity raises important questions about the possibility for greater viral pathogenicity in this population. Increased adiposity may undermine the pulmonary microenvironment wherein viral pathogenesis and immune cell trafficking could contribute to a maladaptive cycle of local inflammation and secondary injury. A further challenge to those with obesity during the current pandemic may involve vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. In the interest of personal and public health, we caution decision- and policy\u00a0makers alike not to pin all hope on a proverbial \"silver bullet.\" Until further breakthroughs emerge, we should remember that modifiable lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity should not be marginalized. Decades of empirical evidence support both as key factors promoting health and wellness."}, {"pmid": 32209381, "pmcid": "PMC7118636", "title": "Comparisons of viral shedding time of SARS-CoV-2 of different samples in ICU and non-ICU patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Fang, Zhixiong", "Zhang, Yi", "Hang, Changfa", "Ai, Jingwen", "Li, Shaojie", "Zhang, Wenhong"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209381", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405146, "pmcid": "PMC7217768", "title": "Optimizing Access to Heart Failure Care in Canada during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Virani, S A", "Clarke, B", "Ducharme, A", "Ezekowitz, J A", "Heckman, G A", "McDonald, M", "Mielniczuk, L M", "Swiggum, E", "Van Spall, H G C", "Zieroth, S"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405146", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The traditional model of heart failure (HF) care in Canada, which relies upon a multidisciplinary team and clinic-based care processes, has been undermined as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. As the pandemic continues, we will be challenged to improve or maintain the health status of those with HF by optimizing guideline-directed care despite physical distancing constraints and a reduction in the health care workforce. This will require development of new strategies specifically targeted at decreasing the risk of decompensation and resultant HF hospitalization. As such, we must quickly pivot to the adoption and application of novel technologies and revise usual care models, processes, and workflow. The unprecedented COVID-19 crisis has delivered the Canadian HF community a burning platform for the\u00a0design and implementation of innovative approaches to support the vulnerable population we serve; born out of necessity, we now have the opportunity to explore innovative approaches that might inform the future of HF care delivery in Canada. Herein, we provide perspectives from leadership within the Canadian Heart Failure Society on how to optimize HF care during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32446399, "pmcid": "PMC7241973", "title": "The plight of essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446399", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442842, "pmcid": "PMC7214341", "title": "Modelling the evolution trajectory of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: experience and suggestions.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Liu, M", "Ning, J", "Du, Y", "Cao, J", "Zhang, D", "Wang, J", "Chen, M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442842", "countries": ["Italy", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan city, China, which has subsequently led to a global pandemic. At the time of writing, COVID-19 in Wuhan appears to be in the final phase and under control. However, many other countries, especially the US, Italy and Spain, are still in the early phases and dealing with increasing cases every day. Therefore, this article aims to summarise and share the experience of controlling the spread of COVID-19 in Wuhan and provide effective suggestions to enable other countries to save lives. Data from the National Health Commission of China are used to investigate the evolution trajectory of COVID-19 in Wuhan and discuss the impacts of the intervention strategies. A four-stage modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model is presented. This model considers many influencing factors, including chunyun (the Spring festival), sealing off the city and constructing the Fangcang shelter hospitals. In addition, a novel method is proposed to address the abnormal data on 12-13 February as a result of changing diagnostic criteria. Four different scenarios are considered to capture different intervention measures in practice. The exposed population in Wuhan who moved out before sealing off the city have also been identified, and an analysis on where they had gone was performed using the Baidu Migration Index. The results demonstrate that the four-stage model was effective in forecasting the peak, size and duration of COVID-19. We found that the combined intervention measures are the only effective way to control the spread and not a single one of them can be omitted. We estimate that England will be another epicentre owing to its incorrect response at the initial stages of COVID-19. Fortunately, big data technology can help provide early warnings to new areas of the pandemic. The four-stage SEIR model was effective in capturing the evolution trajectory of COVID-19. Based on the model analysis, several effective suggestions are proposed to prevent and control the pandemic for countries that are still in the initial phases."}, {"pmid": 32439816, "title": "SARS-CoV-2-Induced Kawasaki-Like Hyperinflammatory Syndrome: A Novel COVID Phenotype in Children.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Licciardi, Francesco", "Pruccoli, Giulia", "Denina, Marco", "Parodi, Emilia", "Taglietto, Manuela", "Rosati, Sergio", "Montin, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439816", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447777, "title": "Modifications of emergency dental clinic protocols to combat COVID-19 transmission.", "journal": "Spec Care Dentist", "authors": ["Long, Robert Hollinshead", "Ward, Tyrous David", "Pruett, Michael Edward", "Coleman, John Finklea", "Plaisance, Marc Charles Jr"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, incidence rates for dental diseases will continue unabated. However, the intent to prevent the spread of this lethal respiratory disease will likely lead to reduced treatment access due to restrictions on population movements. These changes have the potential to increase dental-related emergency department visits and subsequently contribute to greater viral transmission. Moreover, dentists experience unique challenges with preventing transmission due to frequent aerosol-producing procedures. This paper presents reviews and protocols implemented by directors and residents at the Dental College of Georgia to manage a dental emergency clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic. The methods presented include committee-based prioritization of dental patients, a multilayered screening process, team rotations with social and temporal spacing, and modified treatment room protocols. These efforts aid in the reduction of viral transmission, conservation of personal protective equipment, and expand provider availability. These protocols transcend a university and hospital-based models and are applicable to private and corporate models."}, {"pmid": 32444351, "title": "Covid-19 care before, during, and beyond the hospital.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rauh, Alicia L", "Linder, Jeffrey A"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444351", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329517, "pmcid": "PMC7264632", "title": "COVID-19 diffusion capability is its worst, unpredictable chracateristic. How to visit a patient from a distance.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Sterpetti, A V"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329517", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235433, "pmcid": "PMC7177854", "title": "Corona Virus (COVID-19) \"Infodemic\" and Emerging Issues through a Data Lens: The Case of China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Hua, Jinling", "Shaw, Rajib"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235433", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) is a humanitarian emergency, which started in Wuhan in China in early December 2019, brought into the notice of the authorities in late December, early January 2020, and, after investigation, was declared as an emergency in the third week of January 2020. The WHO declared this as Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 31th of January 2020, and finally a pandemic on 11th March 2020. As of March 24th, 2020, the virus has caused a casualty of over 16,600 people worldwide with more than 380,000 people confirmed as infected by it, of which more than 10,000 cases are serious. Mainly based on Chinese newspapers, social media and other digital platform data, this paper analyzes the timeline of the key actions taken by the government and people over three months in five different phases. It found that although there was an initial delay in responding, a unique combination of strong governance, strict regulation, strong community vigilance and citizen participation, and wise use of big data and digital technologies, were some of the key factors in China's efforts to combat this virus. Being inviable and non-measurable (unlike radioactive exposure), appropriate and timely information is very important to form the basic foundation of mitigation and curative measures. Infodemic, as it is termed by WHO, is a key word, where different stakeholder's participation, along with stricter regulation, is required to reduce the impact of fake news in this information age and social media. Although different countries will need different approaches, focusing on its humanitarian nature and addressing infodemic issues are the two critical factors for future global mitigation efforts."}, {"pmid": 32372799, "pmcid": "PMC7194698", "title": "Death rate mystery.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Le Page, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372799", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Knowing the true rate of death from covid-19 will help us fight the pandemic, but for the moment it eludes us, reports Michael Le Page."}, {"pmid": 32397746, "title": "Crisis Leadership During and Following COVID-19.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Forster, Bruce B", "Patlas, Michael N", "Lexa, Frank J"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397746", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265541, "title": "Why measles deaths are surging - and coronavirus could make it worse.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Roberts, Leslie"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265541", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281331, "title": "[Analysis on pattern of prescriptions and syndromes of traditional Chinese medicine for prevention and treatment of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Pang, Wen-Tai", "Jin, Xin-Yao", "Pang, Bo", "Yang, Feng-Wen", "Wang, Hui", "Liu, Chun-Xiang", "Zheng, Wen-Ke", "Zhang, Jun-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281331", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the regularity of prescription and clinical syndromes by analyzing the diagnosis and treatment protocols of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), so as to provide references for syndrome differentiation and relevant researches. The diagnosis and treatment protocols of COVID-19 published by national and regional health authorities were searched, and information was extracted in regard to disease stages, type of syndromes, and prescriptions, etc. Frequency statistics and relative analysis were used to analyze the rule of syndrome differentiation and prescription with TCM, and further discussion on the pathogenesis and progress of the disease. A total of 26 diagnosis and treatment protocols of TCM for COVID-19 were retrieved after screening(including 1 national scheme and 25 regional ones), among which 16 contained aspects of both prevention and treatment, 7 only involved treatment contents and 3 were prevention schemes. The courses of COVID-19 can be divided into early stage, middle stage, severe stage and recovery stage. The pathogeny of COVID-19 in TCM is damp-toxin, with the core pathogenesis of damp-toxin retention in lung and Qi repression. Its pathological features can be summarized as &quot;damp, toxin, obstruction, deficiency&quot;. The location of the disease is lung, always involving spleen and stomach, and may further affect heart and kidney in severe cases. The major treatments for each course are Fanghua Shizuo, Xuanfei Touxie(early stage); Qingre Jiedu, Xuanxie Feire(middle stage); Kaibi Gutuo, Huiyang Jiuni(severe stage); Qingjie Yure, Yiqi Yangyin(recovery stage). There were many diagnosis and treatment protocols for COVID-19 have been published, which generally followed the national edition, through with certain personalities in different regional protocols. There were common features with respect to the disease stage, syndrome differentiation, therapeutic principles and methods, as well as prescriptions; the treatment were generally carried out against the core pathogenesis and progress of the disease. Along with the deepening recognition of COVID-19, the diagnosis and treatment protocols are still need further concretization and standardization. We hope researchers and decision-makers can pay more attention to the treatment of Huayu Tongluo in severe and recovery period."}, {"pmid": 32291382, "pmcid": "PMC7240229", "title": "Coronavirus Vaccine: Light at the End of the Tunnel.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Ella, Krishna M", "Mohan, V Krishna"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291382", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently facing an unprecedented global pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Predicting the next source of the pandemic can be very challenging. As vaccination is the best way to prevent an infectious disease, the development of an effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 can not only reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with it, but can also lessen the economic impact. As the traditional method of vaccine development takes many years for a vaccine to be available to the society, the vaccine development for SARS-CoV-2 should be speeded up using a pandemic approach\u00a0with fast-track approvals from the regulatory authorities. Various challenges associated with developing a vaccine during the pandemic such as technological hurdles, clinical development pathways, regulatory issues, and support from global funding agencies are expressed here."}, {"pmid": 32312710, "title": "Covid-19: the precarious position of Spain's nursing homes.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rada, Aser Garcia"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312710", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505223, "title": "Talking to children about illness and death of a loved one during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Rapa, Elizabeth", "Dalton, Louise", "Stein, Alan"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505223", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359869, "pmcid": "PMC7151470", "title": "Brief guideline for the prevention of COVID-19 infection in head and neck and otolaryngology surgeons.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Boccalatte, L A", "Larranaga, J J", "Perez Raffo, G M", "Teijido, C A", "Garcia Fornari, G", "Staneloni, M I", "Figari, M F"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359869", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Anatomically, viral density is greater in the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx. It is to be expected that instrumentation in or through those areas will entail a higher risk of transmission. That's why head and neck and otolaryngologist surgeons are among the most vulnerable health professionals. Surgeons should essentially perform procedures they require. Surgeries should be performed with personal protective equipment suitable for the high risk of aerosolization: goggles, N95 face mask, facial mask, blood-repelling gown and gloves. It is advisable to have the cooperative COVID-19 test in all patients. Telemedicine is a useful resource if resources allow it. Otolaryngologists and related specialists are among the groups at higher risk when performing surgeries and upper airway examinations. There are no emergencies in a pandemic. The care of health professionals is crucial to combating this health situation."}, {"pmid": 32436744, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on reproductive health and maternity services in low resource countries.", "journal": "Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care", "authors": ["Abdelbadee, Ahmed Y", "Abbas, Ahmed M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436744", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purpose: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly evolving pandemic. It is well-known that pregnant women are more susceptible to viral infection due to immune and anatomic factors. Therefore, the viral pandemic might affect the reproductive health and maternity services especially in low-resource countries.Materials and methods: In this article, we tried to highlight the impact of COVID-19 on reproductive health and maternity health services in low resource countries with emphasis on adapting some of the published best practice recommendations to suit a struggling environment.Conclusion: Pregnant women residing in low resource countries represent a uniquely vulnerable group in epidemics due to several factors. Maternity services in low resource countries are adapting to provide antenatal and postnatal care amidst a rapidly shifting health system environment due to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32267661, "title": "COVID-19 outbreak in Northern Italy: Viewpoint of the Milan area surgical community.", "journal": "J Trauma Acute Care Surg", "authors": ["Kurihara, Hayato", "Bisagni, Pietro", "Faccincani, Roberto", "Zago, Mauro"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267661", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524963, "title": "Perspectives on Battling COVID-19 in Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Andrus, Jon Kim", "Evans-Gilbert, Tracy", "Santos, Jose Ignacio", "Guzman, Maria G", "Rosenthal, Philip J", "Toscano, Cristiana", "Valenzuela, Maria Teresa", "Siqueira, Marilda", "Etienne, Carissa", "Breman, Joel G"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524963", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Perspectives on Battling COVID-19 in Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean."}, {"pmid": 32419495, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Otolaryngology Residency: A Real-Life Experience.", "journal": "Ear Nose Throat J", "authors": ["De Luca, Pietro", "Colacurcio, Vito", "De Bonis, Egidio", "Petrosino, Michele", "Bisogno, Antonella", "Troisi, Donato", "Calvanese, Matteo", "Marra, Pasquale"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419495", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic as been rapidly spreading worldwide. In our country, the entire Italian Healthcare System has been forced to adapt to this unprecedented condition in this century. The Head and Neck Department clinical and surgical activity was substantially reduced. In this situation, the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) residents in University Hospitals find themselves in an uncertain position; we are physicians, facing a deadly disease about which much remains unknown, but we are also trainees, and there is a high risk for our residency training to be affected. With this Letter, we would like to give a testimony of our experience and give some advices to bridge the training gap."}, {"pmid": 32534022, "title": "COVID-19 and allergen immunotherapy: theoretical benefits invite to adjustments in practice recommendations.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Larenas-Linnemann, Desiree", "Rodriguez-Perez, Noel", "Ortega-Martell, Jose Antonio", "Vijil, Virginia Blandon", "Luna-Pech, Jorge A"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534022", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32195701, "pmcid": "PMC7155906", "title": "Preventing Infection of Patients and Healthcare Workers Should Be the New Normal in the Era of Novel Coronavirus Epidemics.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Bowdle, Andrew", "Munoz-Price, L Silvia"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195701", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421155, "title": "Planning for a COVID-19 Vaccination Program.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Schaffer DeRoo, Sarah", "Pudalov, Natalie J", "Fu, Linda Y"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421155", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469687, "title": "Silver Linings: An Opportunity to Improve Clinical Paradigms After the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Hoffman, Hannah I", "Guo, Jimmy A", "Hawkins, Maria A", "Bridgewater, John A", "Wo, Jennifer Y", "Hong, Theodore S", "Hwang, William L"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469687", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324102, "pmcid": "PMC7233397", "title": "Acute Pulmonary Embolism in COVID-19 Patients on CT Angiography and Relationship to D-Dimer Levels.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Leonard-Lorant, Ian", "Delabranche, Xavier", "Severac, Francois", "Helms, Julie", "Pauzet, Coralie", "Collange, Olivier", "Schneider, Francis", "Labani, Aissam", "Bilbault, Pascal", "Moliere, Sebastien", "Leyendecker, Pierre", "Roy, Catherine", "Ohana, Mickael"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324102", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333437, "pmcid": "PMC7267513", "title": "Cardiac surgery in the time of the coronavirus.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Fudulu, Daniel P", "Angelini, Gianni D"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333437", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current Covid-19 pandemic is a significant global health threat. The outbreak has profoundly affected all healthcare professionals, including heart surgeons. To adapt to these exceptional circumstances, cardiac surgeons had to change their practice significantly. We herein discuss the challenges and broad implications of the Covid-19 pandemic from the perspective of the heart surgeons."}, {"pmid": 32271598, "title": "COVID-19 and Iranian Medical Students; A Survey on Their Related-Knowledge, Preventive Behaviors and Risk Perception.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Taghrir, Mohammad Hossein", "Borazjani, Roham", "Shiraly, Ramin"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271598", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) began its journey around the world. Medical students, as frontline healthcare workers, are more susceptible to be infected by the virus. The aim of this study was to assess COVID-19 related knowledge, self-reported preventive behaviors and risk perception among Iranian medical students within the first week after the onset of the outbreak in Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted from 26th to 28th of February, 2020. Participants were Iranian medical students (5th-7th year) whose knowledge, preventive behaviors and risk perceptions of COVID-19 were assessed using an online questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 26 questions including 15 items about COVID-19 related knowledge, 9 items regarding preventive measures and 2 items about COVID-19 risk perception. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were shown to be satisfactory. A total of 240 medical students completed the questionnaire. The mean age of participants was 23.67 years. The average of correct answers of knowledge was 86.96%; and 79.60% had high level of related knowledge. The average rate of practicing preventive behaviors was 94.47%; and 94.2% had high level of performance in preventive behaviors. The cumulative score of risk perception was 4.08 out of 8 which was in moderate range. Risk perception was significantly different between stagers and interns and between those being trained in emergency room (ER) and non-ER wards. There was a significant negative correlation between preventive behaviors and risk perception. We found a high level of COVID-19 related knowledge and self-reported preventive behaviors and moderate risk perception among Iranian medical students."}, {"pmid": 32193352, "title": "Covid-19: UK government calls on industry to help boost testing capacity to 25 000 people a day.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193352", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353114, "pmcid": "PMC7197595", "title": "Throat Wash Testing and COVID-19 Disease: Should We Put Our Money Where Our Mouth Is?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ali, Farhana", "Sweeney, Daniel A"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353114", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461193, "pmcid": "PMC7246018", "title": "Potential antigenic cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and human tissue with a possible link to an increase in autoimmune diseases.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Vojdani, Aristo", "Kharrazian, Datis"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461193", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353537, "pmcid": "PMC7184971", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: Single-Center Experience in Neurosurgical and Neuroradiologic Emergency Network Tailoring.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Agosti, Edoardo", "Giorgianni, Andrea", "Pradella, Rita", "Locatelli, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353537", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525290, "title": "Remodulation of neurosurgical activities in an Italian region (Emilia-Romagna) under COVID- 19 emergency: maintaining the standard of care during the crisis.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Sci", "authors": ["Mazzatenta, Diego", "Zoli, Matteo", "Cavallo, Michele A", "Ferro, Salvatore", "Giombelli, Ermanno", "Pavesi, Giacomo", "Sturiale, Carmelo", "Tosatto, Luigino", "Zucchelli, Mino"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525290", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of COVID-19 outbreak in the neurosurgical practice has been dramatic, imposing several limitations. The aim of this study is to present how the neurosurgical departments of Emilia-Romagna, a northern Italian region, have re-set their organization to maintain the higher standard of care as possible. All OR and out-patients activities performed during the COVID-19 emergency in the neurosurgical department of Emilia-Romagna have been collected and compared to the means of the same timeframe in 2018 and 2019. In 2020, 205 surgical procedures and 466 out-patients consultations have been performed, representing respectively 28.8% and 26.4% of the previous biennium. The most of OR procedures had been emergencies/urgencies and oncological patients (respectively 113 and 66 vs 164.5 and 84.5 of the previous biennium), while elective surgeries decrease up to -97.1%, as for spinal nerves and endoscopic skull base procedures. The patients phone contacts and telemedicine evaluations of their examinations have permitted to reduce the hospital access for outpatients of 75.6%, but these modalities have, also, permitted to follow-up a large number of cases. The outbreak of COVID-19 has imposed several limits to our current practice, however this should not represent an excuse to reduce the standard of care. In our experience, the net integration of different local centers has permitted for each of them to effectively cope the crisis, managing the local cases requiring a prompt surgery and keeping the care continuity with already discharged patients."}, {"pmid": 32276732, "pmcid": "PMC7132500", "title": "Hearing loss and COVID-19: A note.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Sriwijitalai, Won", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276732", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496524, "title": "Policy Solutions for Reversing the Color-blind Public Health Response to COVID-19 in the US.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Dowling, Marisa K", "Kelly, Robin L"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496524", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368755, "pmcid": "PMC7196388", "title": "A Recovered Case of COVID-19 Myocarditis and ARDS Treated with Corticosteroids, Tocilizumab, and Experimental AT-001.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Coyle, Justin", "Igbinomwanhia, Efehi", "Sanchez-Nadales, Alejandro", "Danciu, Sorin", "Chu, Chae", "Shah, Nishit"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368755", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the case of a critically-ill patient with myocarditis and severe ARDS related to COVID-19 infection. This case highlights management strategies including the use of corticosteroids, an IL-6 inhibitor, and an aldose reductase inhibitor resulting in complete clinical recovery."}, {"pmid": 32375085, "pmcid": "PMC7162778", "title": "Pathophysiological characteristics and therapeutic approaches for pulmonary injury and cardiovascular complications of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Pathol", "authors": ["Geng, Yong-Jian", "Wei, Zhi-Yao", "Qian, Hai-Yan", "Huang, Ji", "Lodato, Robert", "Castriotta, Richard J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375085", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a major health crisis, with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) having infected over a million people around the world within a few months of its identification as a human pathogen. Initially, SARS-CoV-2 infects cells in the respiratory system and causes inflammation and cell death. Subsequently, the virus spreads out and damages other vital organs and tissues, triggering a complicated spectrum of pathophysiological changes and symptoms, including cardiovascular complications. Acting as the receptor for SARS-CoV entering mammalian cells, angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cardiovascular cell function. Diverse clinical manifestations and laboratory abnormalities occur in patients with cardiovascular injury in COVID-19, characterizing the development of this complication, as well as providing clues to diagnosis and treatment. This review provides a summary of the rapidly appearing laboratory and clinical evidence for the pathophysiology and therapeutic approaches to COVID-19 pulmonary and cardiovascular complications."}, {"pmid": 32337151, "pmcid": "PMC7180684", "title": "On the global trends and spread of the COVID-19 outbreak: preliminary assessment of the potential relation between location-specific temperature and UV index.", "journal": "Z Gesundh Wiss", "authors": ["Gunthe, Sachin S", "Swain, Basudev", "Patra, Satya S", "Amte, Aneesh"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337151", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, since its first outbreak in December, has, up till now, affected approximately 114,542 people across 115 countries. Many international agencies are devoting efforts to enhance the understanding of the evolving COVID-19 outbreak on an international level, its influences, and preparedness. At present, COVID-19 appears to affect individuals through person-to-person means, like other commonly found cold or influenza viruses. It is widely known and acknowledged that viruses causing influenza peak during cold temperatures and gradually subside in the warmer temperature, owing to their seasonality. Thus, COVID-19, due to its regular flu-like symptoms, is also expected to show similar seasonality and subside as the global temperatures rise in the northern hemisphere with the onset of spring. Despite these speculations, however, the systematic analysis in the global perspective of the relation between COVID-19 spread and meteorological parameters is unavailable. Here, by analyzing the region- and city-specific affected global data and corresponding meteorological parameters, we show that there is an optimum range of temperature and UV index strongly affecting the spread and survival of the virus, whereas precipitation, relative humidity, cloud cover, etc. have no effect on the virus. Unavailability of pharmaceutical interventions would require greater preparedness and alert for the effective control of COVID-19. Under these conditions, the information provided here could be very helpful for the global community struggling to fight this global crisis. It is, however, important to note that the information presented here clearly lacks any physiological evidences, which may merit further investigation. Thus, any attempt for management, implementation, and evaluation strategies responding to the crisis arising due to the COVID-19 outbreak must not consider the evaluation presented here as the foremost factor."}, {"pmid": 32339245, "pmcid": "PMC7197593", "title": "Contact tracing for COVID-19: An opportunity to reduce health disparities and End the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the US.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nosyk, Bohdan", "Armstrong, Wendy S", "Del Rio, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339245", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV2 testing and contact tracing have been proposed as critical components of a safe and effective COVID-19 public health strategy. We argue that COVID-19 contact tracing may provide a unique opportunity to also conduct widespread HIV testing, among other health promotion activities."}, {"pmid": 32407127, "title": "Why Aren't People Living with HIV at Higher Risk for Developing Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)?", "journal": "AIDS Patient Care STDS", "authors": ["Laurence, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407127", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418240, "title": "Responding to Hospital System and Student Curricular Needs: COVID-19 Student Service Corps.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Edelman, David S", "Desai, Urmi A", "Soo-Hoo, Sarah", "Catallozzi, Marina"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418240", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Throughout March 2020, cases of COVID-19 grew exponentially, and New York emerged as an epicenter of the crisis. Social distancing, shortages of personal protective equipment, and clinical care needs necessitated that students be removed from the clinical setting. A group of students, faculty members, and administrators formed to identify ways in which students could be involved in supporting the health system."}, {"pmid": 32298028, "pmcid": "PMC7262141", "title": "There is no routine head and neck exam during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Chan, Jason Y K", "Tsang, Raymond K Y", "Yeung, K W", "Abdullah, Victor", "Ku, Peter", "Wong, Eddy W Y", "Mehta, Nishchay", "Orosco, Ryan K", "Holsinger, F Christopher"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298028", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Head and neck examinations are commonly performed by all physicians. In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has a high viral load in the upper airways, these examinations and procedures of the upper aerodigestive tract must be approached with caution. Based on experience and evidence from SARS-CoV-1 and early experience with SARS-CoV-2, we provide our perspective and guidance on mitigating transmission risk during head and neck examination, upper airway endoscopy, and head and neck mucosal surgery including tracheostomy."}, {"pmid": 32379863, "pmcid": "PMC7239240", "title": "Metagenomic analysis reveals clinical SARS-CoV-2 infection and bacterial or viral superinfection and colonization.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Peddu, Vikas", "Shean, Ryan C", "Xie, Hong", "Shrestha, Lasata", "Perchetti, Garrett A", "Minot, Samuel S", "Roychoudhury, Pavitra", "Huang, Meei-Li", "Nalla, Arun", "Reddy, Shriya B", "Phung, Quynh", "Reinhardt, Adam", "Jerome, Keith R", "Greninger, Alexander L"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379863", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "More than two months separated the initial description of SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of its widespread dissemination in the United States. Despite this lengthy interval, implementation of specific quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 tests in the US has been slow, and testing is still not widely available. Metagenomic sequencing offers the promise of unbiased detection of emerging pathogens, without requiring prior knowledge of the identity of the responsible agent or its genomic sequence. To evaluate metagenomic approaches in the context of the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, laboratory-confirmed positive and negative samples from Seattle, Washington were evaluated by metagenomic sequencing, with comparison to a 2019 reference genomic database created before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. Within 36\u2009hours our results showed clear identification of a novel human Betacoronavirus, closely related to known Betacoronaviruses of bats, in laboratory-proven cases of SARS-CoV-2. A subset of samples also showed superinfection or colonization with human parainfluenza virus 3 or Moraxella species, highlighting the need to test directly for SARS-CoV-2 as opposed to ruling out an infection using a viral respiratory panel. Samples negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR were also negative by metagenomic analysis, and positive for Rhinovirus A and C. Unlike targeted SARS-CoV-2 qRT-PCR testing, metagenomic analysis of these SARS-CoV-2 negative samples identified candidate etiological agents for the patients' respiratory symptoms. Taken together, these results demonstrate the value of metagenomic analysis in the monitoring and response to this and future viral pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32434310, "pmcid": "PMC7248616", "title": "The Clinical Manifestations and Chest Computed Tomography Findings of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in China: A Proportion Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Park, Joo-Hyun", "Jang, Wook", "Kim, Sang-Woo", "Lee, Jeongjun", "Lim, Yun-Sung", "Cho, Chang-Gun", "Park, Seok-Won", "Kim, Bo Hae"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434310", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objectives of this study were to identify the clinical features and chest computed tomography (CT) findings of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and to compare the characteristics of patients diagnosed in Wuhan and in other areas of China by integrating the findings reported in previous studies. We conducted a proportion meta-analysis to integrate the results of previous studies identified in online databases, and subsequently compared the overlapping of 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between locations of diagnosis. The heterogeneity of the results of the included studies was also demonstrated. Nine studies with level IV evidence were considered to be eligible for the meta-analysis, and a comparative analysis was only possible between patients diagnosed in Wuhan and outside of Wuhan in China. Fever (84.8%; 95% CI, 78.5% to 90.1%) was identified as the most common clinical manifestation in all COVID-19 patients, and signs of respiratory infection were also frequently present in these patients. When comparing the clinical features according to the location of diagnosis, fever and dyspnea were less frequent in patients diagnosed outside of Wuhan (fever: 78.1%; 95% CI, 73.2% to 82.7%; dyspnea: 3.80%; 95% CI, 0.13% to 12.22%) than in patients diagnosed in Wuhan (fever: 91.7%; 95% CI, 88.0% to 94.8%; dyspnea: 21.1%; 95% CI, 13.2% to 30.3%). The chest CT findings exhibited no significant differences between the groups. Fever was found to be the most common symptom in COVID-19, and respiratory infection signs were also commonly present. Fever and dyspnea were less frequently observed in the patients diagnosed outside of Wuhan, which should be considered in COVID-19 screening programs. These results may be attributable to the earlier diagnosis of the disease and the younger age of patients outside of Wuhan although further analysis is needed. The role of chest CT in COVID-19 diagnosis is inconclusive based on this study."}, {"pmid": 32476394, "title": "[Otorhinolaryngological aspects of the disease course in children infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus].", "journal": "Vestn Otorinolaringol", "authors": ["Rusetsky, Yu Yu", "MeYtel, I Yu", "Babayan, A R", "Malyavina, U S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476394", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, almost all over the world attention of doctors and scientists is focused on a new coronavirus infection, the source of which was the causative agent SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, early diagnosis, including on the basis of symptoms from ENT organs, is crucial. A brief analysis of the available literature on the peculiarities of ENT organs manifestations in patients with SARS-CoV-2 is given. It was found out that to date there is very little data on the state of loro organs in patients with SARS-CoV-2 and no data on anosmia in the pediatric population. However, it is in children in the epidemic aspect that early diagnosis of infection and understanding of its key symptoms is of utmost importance."}, {"pmid": 32433365, "pmcid": "PMC7273946", "title": "Gambling during the COVID-19 crisis - A cause for concern?", "journal": "J Addict Med", "authors": ["Hakansson, Anders", "Fernandez-Aranda, Fernando", "Menchon, Jose M", "Potenza, Marc N", "Jimenez-Murcia, Susana"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433365", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to worsen mental health problems in the general population, including increasing engagement in addictive behaviors. Here, we describe observations suggesting that the current crisis and its sequelae may worsen problem gambling. The current pandemic may impact financial and psychological well-being due to social isolation during spatial distancing, and these stressors in conjunction with substantial changes in gambling markets (land-based, online) during the pandemic may significantly influence gambling behaviors. This situation calls for rapid research initiatives in this area and preventive and regulatory measures by multiple stakeholders."}, {"pmid": 32405137, "pmcid": "PMC7219373", "title": "Prone positioning and high-flow oxygen improved respiratory function in a 25-week pregnant woman with COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Vibert, Florence", "Kretz, Mathilda", "Thuet, Vincent", "Barthel, Florian", "De Marcillac, Fanny", "Deruelle, Philippe", "Lecointre, Lise"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405137", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519360, "title": "Eye care in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Soare, C", "Nowak, V A", "Osborne, S"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519360", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352944, "title": "[Options for controlling new Corona virus infection - 2019-nCoV].", "journal": "Pol Merkur Lekarski", "authors": ["Plusa, Tadeusz"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352944", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "According to the Situation Report 65 of the World Health Organization of March 25, 2020, the COVID-19 incidence rate indicates 413 467 confirmed cases and 18 433 deaths. Genetic diversification of the Corona virus has resulted in strains that cause severe respiratory tract infections in humans via drip and animal mediation. S-proteins covering its surface, which bind to the cell receptor - angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) and transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) are important in shaping virus activity. The course of infection varies from mild to severe. The ability to control infection is limited because there are no drugs that fully inhibit 2019-nCoV. Interferon-alpha (5 million U twice daily by inhalation), lopinavir/ritonavir (400/100 mg twice daily orally), as well as chloroquine (500 mg twice daily orally for 10 days) and azithromycin (500 mg twice per day) cause a milder course of the disease and reduce the duration of treatment. The administration of glucocorticosteroids and research drugs (tocilizumab) is acceptable for massive infiltrative lesions in the pulmonary parenchyma causing severe lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In the system operation it is necessary to create the socalled a safety matrix that would take into account the existing threat on the one hand and all available services and resources on the other. Precise analysis and separation of individual tasks can enable the creation of a real crisis management plan."}, {"pmid": 32423250, "title": "Effect of coronavirus infection on the human heart: A scoping review.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Ho, Jamie Sy", "Tambyah, Paul A", "Ho, Andrew Fw", "Chan, Mark Yy", "Sia, Ching-Hui"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423250", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has highlighted the importance of understanding the cardiovascular implications of coronavirus infections, with more severe disease in those with cardiovascular co-morbidities, and resulting cardiac manifestations such as myocardial injury, arrhythmias, and heart failure. A systematic review of the current knowledge on the effects of coronavirus infection on the cardiovascular system in humans was performed and results were summarized. Databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, Chinese Knowledge Resource Integrated Database and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry were searched on 20 March 2020. In total, 135 studies were included, involving severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, coronavirus disease 2019 and other coronaviruses. Most were case reports, case series and cohort studies of poor to fair quality. In post-mortem examinations of subjects who died from infection, around half had virus identified in heart tissues in severe acute respiratory syndrome, but none in Middle East respiratory syndrome and coronavirus disease 2019. Cardiac manifestations reported include tachycardia, bradycardia, arrhythmias, and myocardial injury, secondary to both systemic infection and treatment. Cardiac injury and arrhythmias are more prevalent in coronavirus disease 2019, and elevated cardiac markers are associated with intensive care unit admission and death. In severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and coronavirus disease 2019, comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease are associated with intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality. There were cases of misdiagnosis due to overlapping presentations of cardiovascular diseases and coronavirus infections, leading to hospital spread and delayed management of life-threatening conditions. This review highlighted the ways in which coronaviruses affect cardiovascular function and interacts with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases."}, {"pmid": 32433640, "title": "How the coronavirus pandemic slashed carbon emissions - in five graphs.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tollefson, Jeff"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433640", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375887, "pmcid": "PMC7201394", "title": "Challenges in maintaining treatment services for people who use drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Harm Reduct J", "authors": ["Dunlop, Adrian", "Lokuge, Buddhima", "Masters, Debbie", "Sequeira, Marcia", "Saul, Peter", "Dunlop, Grace", "Ryan, John", "Hall, Michelle", "Ezard, Nadine", "Haber, Paul", "Lintzeris, Nicholas", "Maher, Lisa"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375887", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impact of COVID-19 across health services, including treatment services for people who use drugs, is emerging but likely to have a high impact. Treatment services for people who use drugs provide essential treatment services including opiate agonist treatment and needle syringe programmes alongside other important treatment programmes across all substance types including withdrawal and counselling services. Drug and alcohol hospital consultation-liaison clinicians support emergency departments and other services provided in hospital settings in efficiently managing patients who use drugs and present with other health problems.COVID-19 will impact on staff availability for work due to illness. Patients may require home isolation and quarantine periods. Ensuring ongoing supply of opiate treatment during these periods will require significant changes to how treatment is provided. The use of monthly depot buprenorphine as well as moving from a framework of supervised dosing will be required for patients on sublingual buprenorphine and methadone. Ensuring ready access to take-home naloxone for patients is crucial to reduce overdose risks. Delivery of methadone and buprenorphine to the homes of people with confirmed COVID-19 infections is likely to need to occur to support home isolation.People who use drugs are likely to be more vulnerable during the COVID-19 epidemic, due to poorer health literacy and stigma and discrimination towards this group. People who use drugs may prioritise drug use above other health concerns. Adequate supply of clean injecting equipment is important to prevent outbreaks of blood-borne viruses. Opiate users may misinterpret SARS-CoV2 symptoms as opiate withdrawal and manage this by using opioids. Ensuring people who use drugs have access to drug treatment as well as access to screening and testing for SARS-CoV2 where this is indicated is important."}, {"pmid": 32399452, "pmcid": "PMC7213830", "title": "Co-infection with Influenza A and COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Konala, Venu Madhav", "Adapa, Sreedhar", "Gayam, Vijay", "Naramala, Srikanth", "Daggubati, Subba Rao", "Kammari, Chetan Brahma", "Chenna, Avantika"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399452", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, also called severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), originated in Wuhan, China. It has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide and has been declared a global pandemic by the WHO. Influenza occurs mainly during the winter, with the burden of disease determined by several factors, including the effectiveness of the vaccine that season, the characteristics of the circulating viruses, and how long the season lasts. We describe the case of a 66-year-old woman who was diagnosed with influenza A and COVID-19 co-infection. COVID-19 can co-occur with other viral infections.Some of these co-infections have active treatments, while supportive treatment is the mainstay of treatment for others."}, {"pmid": 32317509, "title": "COVID-19 and lung pathology.", "journal": "Indian J Pathol Microbiol", "authors": ["Jain, Amita"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317509", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452563, "title": "Further evidence that far-UVC for disinfection is unlikely to cause erythema or pre-mutagenic DNA lesions in skin.", "journal": "Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed", "authors": ["Barnard, Isla Rose Mary", "Eadie, Ewan", "Wood, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452563", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362647, "title": "Severe acute respiratory illness surveillance for coronavirus disease 2019, India, 2020.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Gupta, Nivedita", "Praharaj, Ira", "Bhatnagar, Tarun", "Vivian Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley", "Giri, Sidhartha", "Chauhan, Himanshu", "Kulkarni, Sanket", "Murhekar, Manoj", "Singh, Sujeet", "Gangakhedkar, Raman R", "Bhargava, Balram"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362647", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sentinel surveillance among severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) patients can help identify the spread and extent of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARI surveillance was initiated in the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in India. We describe here the positivity for COVID-19 among SARI patients and their characteristics. SARI patients admitted at 41 sentinel sites from February 15, 2020 onwards were tested for COVID-19 by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, targeting E and RdRp genes of SARS-CoV-2. Data were extracted from Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory Network for analysis. A total of 104 (1.8%) of the 5,911 SARI patients tested were positive for COVID-19. These cases were reported from 52 districts in 20 States/Union Territories. The COVID-19 positivity was higher among males and patients aged above 50 years. In all, 40 (39.2%) COVID-19 cases did not report any history of contact with a known case or international travel. COVID-19 containment activities need to be targeted in districts reporting COVID-19 cases among SARI patients. Intensifying sentinel surveillance for COVID-19 among SARI patients may be an efficient tool to effectively use resources towards containment and mitigation efforts."}, {"pmid": 32199813, "pmcid": "PMC7270735", "title": "The Emerging Pandemic of Coronavirus and the Urgent Need for Public Health Leadership.", "journal": "Am J Med", "authors": ["Hennekens, Charles H", "George, Safiya", "Adirim, Terry A", "Johnson, Heather", "Maki, Dennis G"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199813", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461288, "title": "Patients with Common Cold Coronaviruses Tested Negative for IgG Antibody to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Brecher, Stephen M", "Dryjowicz-Burek, Jonathan", "Yu, Hongbo", "Campbell, Sheldon", "Ratcliffe, Nora", "Gupta, Kalpana"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461288", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The need for accurate antibody testing in patients following symptomatic or asymptomatic infections with SARS-CoV-2 is well documented.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32221852, "pmcid": "PMC7101597", "title": "Simulation as a tool for assessing and evolving your current personal protective equipment: lessons learned during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lockhart, Shannon L", "Naidu, Justen J", "Badh, Charanjit S", "Duggan, Laura V"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522513, "title": "Special Ambulatory Gynecologic Considerations in the Era of COVID-19 and Implications for Future Practice.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Cohen, Megan A", "Powell, Anna M", "Coleman, Jenell S", "Keller, Jean M", "Livingston, Alison", "Anderson, Jean R"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522513", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has altered medical practice in unprecedented ways. While much of the emphasis in obstetrics and gynecology to date has been on the as yet uncertain impacts of COVID-19 in pregnancy and on changes to surgical management, the pandemic has broad implications for ambulatory gynecologic care as well. In this article we review important ambulatory gynecologic topics including safety and metal health, reproductive life planning, sexually transmitted infections, and routine screening for breast and cervical cancer. For each topic, we review how care may be modified during the pandemic, provide recommendations when possible for how to ensure continued access to comprehensive healthcare at this time, and discuss ways that future practice may change. Social distancing requirements may place patients at higher risk for intimate partner violence and mental health concerns; threaten continued access to contraception and abortion services; impact prepregnancy planning; interrupt routine screening for breast and cervical cancer; increase risk of sexually-transmitted infection acquisition and decrease access to treatment; and exacerbate already underlying racial and minority disparities in care and health outcomes. We advocate for increased use of telemedicine services with increased screening for intimate partner violence and depression using validated questionnaires. Appointments for long-acting contraceptive insertion can be prioritized. Easier access to patient-controlled injectable contraception and pharmacist-provided hormonal contraception can be facilitated. Reproductive healthcare access can be ensured through reducing needs for ultrasound and laboratory testing for certain eligible patients desiring abortion and conducting phone follow-up for medication abortions. Priority for in-person appointments should be given to patients with sexually-transmitted infection symptoms, particularly if at risk for complications, while also offering expedited partner therapy. While routine mammography screening and cervical cancer screening may be safely delayed, we discuss society guideline recommendations for higher-risk populations. There may be an increasing role for patient-collected human papilloma virus self-samples using new cervical cancer screening guidelines that can be expanded in light of the pandemic situation. While the pandemic has strained our healthcare system, it also affords ambulatory clinicians with opportunities to expand care to vulnerable populations in ways that were previously underutilized to attempt to improve health equity."}, {"pmid": 32242347, "pmcid": "PMC7131899", "title": "Out-of-Hospital Cohort Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients with Mild Symptoms in Korea: an Experience from a Single Community Treatment Center.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Park, Peong Gang", "Kim, Chang Hyup", "Heo, Yoon", "Kim, Tae Suk", "Park, Chan Woo", "Kim, Choong Hyo"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242347", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a worldwide pandemic. Less than 6 weeks after the first confirmed cases in Korea, the patient number exceeded 5,000, which overcrowded limited hospital resources and forced confirmed patients to stay at home. To allocate medical resources efficiently, Korea implemented a novel institution for the purpose of treating patients with cohort isolation out of hospital, namely the Community Treatment Center (CTC). Herein, we report results of the initial management of patients at one of the largest CTC in Korea. A total of 309 patients were admitted to our CTC. During the first two weeks, 7 patients were transferred to the hospital because of symptom aggravation and 107 patients were discharged without any complication. Although it is a novel concept and may have some limitations, CTC may be a very cost-effective and resource-saving strategy in managing massive cases of COVID-19 or other emerging infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32365703, "title": "Estimation of the Excess COVID-19 Cases in Seoul, South Korea by the Students Arriving from China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Ryu, Sukhyun", "Ali, Sheikh Taslim", "Lim, Jun-Sik", "Chun, Byung Chul"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365703", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: In March 2020, overall, 37,000 international students from China, a country at risk of the 2019-novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection has arrived in Seoul, South Korea. Individuals from the country at risk of COVID-19 infection have been included in the Korean home-quarantine program, but the efficacy of the program is uncertain. Methods: To estimate the possible number of infected individuals within the large influx of international students from China, we used a deterministic compartmental model for epidemic and performed a simulation-based search of different rates of compliance with home-quarantine. Results: Under the home-quarantine program, the number of the infected individuals would reach 40-72 from 12 March-24 March with the arrival of 0.2% of pre-infectious individuals. Furthermore, the number of isolated individuals would peak at 40-64 from 13 March-27 March in Seoul, South Korea. Our findings indicated when incoming international students showed strict compliance with quarantine, epidemics by the international student from China were less likely to occur in Seoul, South Korea. Conclusions: To mitigate possible epidemics, additional efforts to improve the compliance of home-quarantine of the individuals from countries with the virus risk are warranted along with other containment policies."}, {"pmid": 32405080, "pmcid": "PMC7219428", "title": "Decreased T cell populations contribute to the increased severity of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Liu, Rui", "Wang, Ying", "Li, Jie", "Han, Huan", "Xia, Zunen", "Liu, Fang", "Wu, Kailang", "Yang, Lan", "Liu, Xinghui", "Zhu, Chengliang"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405080", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We observe changes of the main lymphocyte subsets (CD16+CD56\u3001CD19\u3001CD3\u3001CD4\u3001and CD8) in COVID-19-infected patients and explore whether the changes are associated with disease severity. One-hundred and fifty-four cases of COVID-19-infected patients were selected and divided into 3 groups (moderate group, severe group and critical group). The flow cytometry assay was performed to examine the numbers of lymphocyte subsets. CD3+, CD4+ and CD8\u00a0+\u00a0T lymphocyte subsets were decreased in COVID-19-infected patients. Compared with the moderate group and the sever group, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the critical group decreased greatly (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001, P\u00a0=\u00a00.005 or P\u00a0=\u00a00.001). Reduced CD3+, CD4+, CD8+ T lymphocyte counts may reflect the severity of the COVID-19. Monitoring T cell changes has important implications for the diagnosis and treatment of severe patients who may become critically ill."}, {"pmid": 32519618, "title": "Incidence and Immunologic Analysis of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in Hemodialysis Patients:A Single-Center Experience.", "journal": "Exp Clin Transplant", "authors": ["Arslan, Hande", "Musabak, Ugur", "Ayvazoglu Soy, Ebru H", "Kurt Azap, Ozlem", "Sayin, Burak", "Akcay, Sule", "Haberal, Kemal Murat", "Akdur, Aydincan", "Yildirim, Sedat", "Haberal, Mehmet"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519618", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a great threat to the modern world and significant threat to immunocompromised patients, including patients with chronic renal failure. We evaluated COVID-19 incidence among our hemodialysis patients and investigated the most probable immune mechanisms against COVID-19. Ba\u015fkent University has 21 dialysis centers across Turkey, with 2420 patients on hemodialysis and 30 on peritoneal dialysis. Among these, we retrospectively evaluated 602 patients (257 female/345 male) with chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis as renal replacement therapy; 7 patients (1.1%) were infected with SARS-CoV-2. We retrospectively collected patient demographic characteristics, clinical data, and immunological factors affecting the clinical course of the disease. We divided patients into groups and included 2 control groups (individuals with normal renal functions): group I included COVID-19-positive patients with normal renal function, group II included COVID-19-positive hemodialysis patients, group III included COVID-19-negative hemodialysis patients, and group IV included COVID-19-negative patients with normal renal function. Lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood and typing of human leukocyte antigens were analyzed in all groups, with killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor genes analyzed only in COVID-19-positive patients and healthy controls. No deaths occurred among the 7 COVID-19-positive hemodialysis patients. Group I patients were significantly older than patients in groups II and III (P = .039, P = .030, respectively) but not significantly different from group IV (P = .060). Absolute counts of natural killer cells in healthy controls were higherthan in other groups (but not significantly). ActivatedT cells were significantly increased in both COVID-19-positive groups versus COVID-19-negative groups. Groups showed significant differences in C and DQ loci with respect to distribution of alleles in both HLA classes. Although immunocompromised patients are at greater risk for COVID-19, we found lower COVID-19 incidence in our hemodialysis patients, which should be further investigated in in vitro and molecular studies."}, {"pmid": 32515401, "title": "COVID-19: Quarantine and human rights.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Sultan, Tehreem"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515401", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501624, "title": "Reply to Rapid on-site evaluation and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cancer Cytopathol", "authors": ["Chen, Chien-Chin", "Chi, Chia-Yu"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501624", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436460, "pmcid": "PMC7243041", "title": "TNFalpha inhibitor may be effective for severe COVID-19: learning from toxic epidermal necrolysis.", "journal": "Ther Adv Respir Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Xue-Yan", "Yan, Bing-Xi", "Man, Xiao-Yong"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436460", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increased inflammatory cytokines [such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u03b1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] are observed in COVID-19 patients, especially in the severe group. The phenomenon of a cytokine storm may be the central inducer of apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells, which leads to rapid progression in severe group patients. Given the similarities of clinical features and pathogenesis between toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and COVID-19, we hypothesize that the application of etanercept, an inhibitor of TNF\u03b1, could attenuate disease progression in severe group COVID-19 patients by suppressing systemic auto-inflammatory responses. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section."}, {"pmid": 32218525, "title": "COVID-19: Biomedical research in a world under social-distancing measures.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Arnold, Carrie"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218525", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412511, "title": "High-flow cannulas will be required with current COVID-19 crisis, not only mechanical ventilators.", "journal": "Gac Med Mex", "authors": ["Santos, Edgar", "Ramirez-Cuapio, Francisco L", "Remes-Diaz, Lorena T", "Sanchez-Porras, Renan"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412511", "countries": ["Mexico"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is characterized by acute respiratory distress syndrome progression, which ranges from mild to severe. A percentage of critically ill patients will require endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation; therefore, Mexican engineers from different places have had the initiative of creating mechanical ventilators. Although artificial ventilator is one of the last resources for the most severely ill patients, there are patients who are on the verge of not meeting the criteria for intubation; if they are directly intubated, the opportunity for them to overcome the severe phase with high concentration supplemental oxygen would be be missed. Intubation per se induces lung damage, increases the risk of superinfection, and the number of days of ICU stay. Furthermore, non-selective use of artificial ventilators decreases the opportunity for patients who require a ventilator to survive and increases institutional care costs of both human and material resources."}, {"pmid": 32433189, "title": "Important interactions of immunosuppressants with experimental therapies for novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): how to act.", "journal": "Ther Drug Monit", "authors": ["Zijp, Tanja R", "Toren-Wielema, Martha L", "Nannan Panday, Prashant V", "Kosterink, Jos G W", "Berger, Stefan P", "Touw, Daan J"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433189", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239127, "pmcid": "PMC7184479", "title": "Clinical Features and Short-term Outcomes of 102 Patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cao, Jianlei", "Tu, Wen-Jun", "Cheng, Wenlin", "Yu, Lei", "Liu, Ya-Kun", "Hu, Xiaoyong", "Liu, Qiang"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239127", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December, 2019, a series of pneumonia cases of unknown cause emerged in Wuhan, Hubei, China. In this study, we investigate clinical and laboratory features and short-term outcomes of patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19). All patients with COVID-19 admitted to Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital in Wuhan, China, between January 3 and February 1, 2020 were included. All those patients were with laboratory-confirmed infection. Epidemiological, clinical, radiological characteristics, underlying diseases, laboratory tests treatment, complications and outcomes data were collected. Outcomes were followed up at discharge until Feb 15, 2020. The study cohort included 102 adult patients. The median (IQR) age was 54 years (37-67years) and 48.0% were female. A total of 34 patients (33.3%) were exposed to source of transmission in the hospital setting (as health care workers, patients, or visitors) and 10 patients (9.8%) had a familial cluster. Eighteen patients (17.6%) were admitted to the ICU, and 17 patients died (mortality, 16.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 9.4%-23.9%). Among patients who survived, they were younger, more likely were health care workers and less likely suffered from comorbidities. They were also less likely suffered from complications. There was no difference in drug treatment rates between the survival and non-survival groups. Patients who survived less likely required admission to the intensive care unit (14.1% vs. 35.3%). Chest imaging examination showed that death patients more likely had ground-glass opacity (41.2% vs. 12.9%). The mortality rate was high among the COVID-19 patients described in our cohort who met our criteria for inclusion in this analysis. Patient characteristics seen more frequently in those who died were development of systemic complications following onset of the illness and the severity of disease requiring admission to the ICU. Our data support those described by others that COVID-19 infection results from human-to-human transmission, including familial clustering of cases, and nosocomial transmission. There were no differences in mortality among those who did or did not receive antimicrobial or glucocorticoid drug treatment."}, {"pmid": 32384906, "pmcid": "PMC7209969", "title": "Use of triiodothyronine to treat critically ill COVID-19 patients: a new clinical trial.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Pantos, Constantinos", "Tseti, Ioulia", "Mourouzis, Iordanis"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384906", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418874, "pmcid": "PMC7192105", "title": "Patients with Genetic Heart Disease and COVID-19: A Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) Consensus Statement.", "journal": "Heart Lung Circ", "authors": ["Gray, Belinda", "Semsarian, Christopher", "Fatkin, Diane", "Ingles, Jodie", "Atherton, John J", "Davis, Andrew M", "Sanders, Prashanthan", "Pachter, Nicholas", "Skinner, Jonathan R", "Stiles, Martin K"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418874", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the current global COVID-19 pandemic, this Consensus Statement provides current recommendations for patients with, or at risk of developing, genetic heart disease, and for their health care management and service provision in Australia and New Zealand. Apart from general recommendations, there are specific recommendations for the following conditions: cardiomyopathy, Brugada syndrome (including in children), long QT syndrome (LQTS) and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Other recommendations are relevant to patient self-care and primary health care."}, {"pmid": 32504688, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Urology Residency Match in Singapore.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Tan, Yi Quan", "Pek, Xiang Wen Gregory", "Wang, Ziting", "Tiong, Ho Yee", "Chiong, Edmund"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504688", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312554, "pmcid": "PMC7161510", "title": "Early pulmonary rehabilitation for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: Experience from an intensive care unit outside of the Hubei province in China.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Zhu, Chengrui", "Wu, Yunhai", "Liu, Hongyan", "Ban, Yuan", "Ma, Xiaochun", "Zhang, Zhidan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312554", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237161, "pmcid": "PMC7228297", "title": "Is Pakistan prepared for the COVID-19 epidemic? A questionnaire-based survey.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Khan, Samea", "Khan, Mahjabeen", "Maqsood, Khizra", "Hussain, Tanveer", "Noor-Ul-Huda", "Zeeshan, Muhammad"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237161", "countries": ["China", "Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a pandemic that began in China in December 2019. World health organization (WHO) has expressed fears that Pakistan might emerge as the next epicenter of this pandemic. We hypothesize that at present the Pakistani masses are not prepared to face any threat of a looming epidemic. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the basic knowledge of educational and health care workers (HCWs) regarding COVID-19, its control, and prevention. Knowledge about origin, symptoms, and spread of viral infection was assessed. In this cross-sectional survey, a self-designed questionnaire was distributed among 302 HCWs including physicians (10.9%), nurses (1.32%), lab staff (1.65%), and academic individuals including faculty and students (86.42%) of different organizations. Results were analyzed using the \u03c72 test. Obtained results validate our null hypothesis that Pakistani masses are not well aware of the COVID-19 and strategies for the prevention and control of infection. The study concluded that individuals belonging to the front-line workers and high literacy groups are not prepared for the alarming situation in the country. Effectual implementation of infection control programs should be practiced, and it depends on awareness, training, and cooperation of individuals."}, {"pmid": 32474977, "title": "Information and Disinformation: Social Media in the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Gottlieb, Michael", "Dyer, Sean"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474977", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic with over 4.7 million cases and 316,000 deaths worldwide.1 Social media, defined as \"electronic communication through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content,\"2 has played an important role during the COVID-19 pandemic. In fact, social media usage amongst the public has previously been demonstrated to significantly increase in cases of natural disasters and crises.3 However, it is important to consider the benefits and limitations of this medium."}, {"pmid": 32497467, "title": "\"We are Alone in This Battle\": A Framework for a Coordinated Response to COVID-19 in Nursing Homes.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Behrens, Liza L", "Naylor, Mary D"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497467", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of May 2020, nursing home residents account for a staggering one-third of the more than 80,000 deaths due to COVID-19 in the U.S. This pandemic has resulted in unprecedented threats to achieving and sustaining care quality even in the best nursing homes, requiring active engagement of nursing home leaders in developing solutions responsive to the unprecedented threats to quality standards of care delivery during the pandemic. This perspective offers a framework, designed with the input of nursing home leaders, to facilitate internal and external decision-making and collective action to address these threats. Policy options focus on assuring a shared understanding among nursing home leaders and government agencies of changes in the operational status of nursing homes throughout the crisis, improving access to additional essential resources needed to mitigate the crisis' impact, and promoting shared accountability for consistently achieving accepted standards in core quality domains."}, {"pmid": 32446708, "pmcid": "PMC7201230", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Aerosolization Box: Design Modifications for Patient Safety.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Girgis, Alexander M", "Aziz, Merna N", "Gopesh, Tilvawala C", "Friend, James", "Grant, Alex M", "Sandubrae, Jeffrey A", "Banks, Dalia A"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400359, "pmcid": "PMC7219030", "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) - impact on vaccine preventable diseases.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Hungerford, Daniel", "Cunliffe, Nigel A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400359", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521191, "title": "Open questions for harnessing autophagy-modulating drugs in the SARS-CoV-2 war: Hope or Hype?", "journal": "Autophagy", "authors": ["Brest, Patrick", "Benzaquen, Jonathan", "Klionsky, Daniel J", "Hofman, Paul", "Mograbi, Baharia"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521191", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At a time when the world faces an emotional breakdown, crushing our dreams, if not, taking our lives, we realize that together we must fight the war against the COVID-19 outbreak even if almost the majority of the scientific community finds itself confined at home. Every day, we, scientists, listen to the latest news with its promises and announcements. Across the world, a surge of clinical trials trying to cure or slow down the coronavirus pandemic has been launched to bring hope instead of fear and despair. One first proposed clinical trial has drawn worldwide hype to the benefit of chloroquine (CQ), in the treatment of patients infected by the recently emerged deadly coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). We should consider this information in light of the long-standing anti-inflammatory and anti-viral properties of CQ-related drugs. Yet, none of the articles promoting the use of CQ in the current pandemic evoked a possible molecular or cellular mechanism of action that could account for any efficacy. Here, given the interaction of viruses with macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy), a CQ-sensitive anti-viral safeguard pathway, we would like to discuss the pros, but also the cons concerning the current therapeutic options targeting this process."}, {"pmid": 32339595, "pmcid": "PMC7182511", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on endoscopy practice: results of a cross-sectional survey from the New York metropolitan area.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Mahadev, SriHari", "Aroniadis, Olga S", "Barraza, Luis", "Agarunov, Emil", "Goodman, Adam J", "Benias, Petros C", "Buscaglia, Jonathan M", "Gross, Seth A", "Kasmin, Franklin E", "Cohen, Jonathan J", "Carr-Locke, David L", "Greenwald, David A", "Mendelsohn, Robin B", "Sethi, Amrita", "Gonda, Tamas A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339595", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300868, "pmcid": "PMC7160818", "title": "Balneotherapy and human immune function in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Biometeorol", "authors": ["Masiero, Stefano", "Maccarone, Maria Chiara", "Magro, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300868", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277845, "pmcid": "PMC7262318", "title": "Classification system and case definition for SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women, fetuses, and neonates.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Shah, Prakesh S", "Diambomba, Yenge", "Acharya, Ganesh", "Morris, Shaun K", "Bitnun, Ari"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277845", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294795, "title": "Benefits, Open questions and Challenges of the use of Ultrasound in the COVID-19 pandemic era. The views of a panel of worldwide international experts.", "journal": "Ultraschall Med", "authors": ["Piscaglia, Fabio", "Stefanini, Federico", "Cantisani, Vito", "Sidhu, Paul S", "Barr, Richard", "Berzigotti, Annalisa", "Chammas, Maria Cristina", "Correas, Jean-Michel", "Dietrich, Christoph Frank", "Feinstein, Steven", "Huang, Pintong", "Jenssen, Christian", "Kono, Yuko", "Kudo, Masatoshi", "Liang, Ping", "Lyshchik, Andrej", "Nolsoe, Christian", "Xie, Xyaoyan", "Tovoli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294795", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534340, "title": "The intriguing commonality of NETosis between COVID-19 & Periodontal disease.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Gupta, Shipra", "Sahni, Vaibhav"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534340", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "NETosis, being an alternative form of cell death is the creation of web-like chromatin decondensates by suitably primed neutrophils as a response to stimulus aimed at containing and eliminating the same. In certain situations, it causes more harm than benefit in the form of bystander damage directly or via activation of autoimmune mechanisms. Such pathophysiology finds evidence in both Periodontal disease and COVID-19. Coupled with impaired removal, NETs have been implicated in both these disease forms to promote a state of inflammation and be a source of constant harm to the tissues involved. This potentially forms groundwork to implicate Periodontal disease as predisposing towards adverse COVID-19 related outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32147516, "pmcid": "PMC7135364", "title": "Arguments in favour of remdesivir for treating SARS-CoV-2 infections.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Ko, Wen-Chien", "Rolain, Jean-Marc", "Lee, Nan-Yao", "Chen, Po-Lin", "Huang, Ching-Tai", "Lee, Ping-Ing", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32147516", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420705, "title": "[COVID-19: care at home or in hospital? Considerations in primary care].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Harskamp, R E", "de Meij, M A", "Cals, J W L", "Reesink, H J", "Geersing, G J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420705", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a treacherous disease, in which infected patients who appear to fare well can deteriorate rapidly, mostly due to respiratory failure. For general practitioners (and other first-line responders), a clinical evaluation at any given time merely provides a snapshot of the patient's condition. Therefore, frequent monitoring is warranted in at-risk patients. However, there is no one-size-fits-all approach for monitoring, treatment and referral decisions. This is particularly the case in patients with advanced age. In this article, through the use of case examples, we aim to provide guidance when facing difficult management decisions in patients with (suspected) COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32452587, "title": "Covid-19 diffusion and its impact on dental practice in distant countries with similar ethnic background.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Meleti, Marco", "Cassi, Diana", "Bueno, Luis", "Bologna-Molina, Ronell"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452587", "countries": ["India", "Italy", "Uruguay"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528616, "pmcid": "PMC7266477", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on bone marrow transplantation in Morocco.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Ahnach, Maryame", "Doghmi, Kamal"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528616", "countries": ["Morocco"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32208917, "pmcid": "PMC7103724", "title": "The different clinical characteristics of corona virus disease cases between children and their families in China - the character of children with COVID-19.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Su, Liang", "Ma, Xiang", "Yu, Huafeng", "Zhang, Zhaohua", "Bian, Pengfei", "Han, Yuling", "Sun, Jing", "Liu, Yanqin", "Yang, Chun", "Geng, Jin", "Zhang, Zhongfa", "Gai, Zhongtao"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208917", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to analyze the different clinical characteristics between children and their families infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Clinical data from nine children and their 14 families were collected, including general status, clinical, laboratory test, and imaging characteristics. All the children were detected positive result after their families onset. Three children had fever (22.2%) or cough (11.2%) symptoms and six (66.7%) children had no symptom. Among the 14 adult patients, the major symptoms included fever (57.1%), cough (35.7%), chest tightness/pain (21.4%), fatigue (21.4%) and sore throat (7.1%). Nearly 70% of the patients had normal (71.4%) or decreased (28.6%) white blood cell counts, and 50% (7/14) had lymphocytopenia. There were 10 adults (71.4%) showed abnormal imaging. The main manifestations were pulmonary consolidation (70%), nodular shadow (50%), and ground glass opacity (50%). Five discharged children were admitted again because their stool showed positive result in SARS-CoV-2 PCR. COVID-19 in children is mainly caused by family transmission, and their symptoms are mild and prognosis is better than adult. However, their PCR result in stool showed longer time than their families. Because of the mild or asymptomatic clinical process, it is difficult to recognize early for pediatrician and public health staff."}, {"pmid": 32241931, "title": "As normalcy returns, can China keep COVID-19 at bay?", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Normile, Dennis"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241931", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317411, "title": "Responding to COVID-19 pandemic: Why a strong health system is required.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Dikid, Tanzin", "Chaudhary, Sushma", "Goel, Kapil", "Padda, Preeti", "Sahu, Rajesh", "Kumar, Tripurari", "Jain, S K", "Singh, S K", "Narain, Jai Prakash"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317411", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493739, "title": "Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the covid-19 pandemic in Paris, France: prospective observational study.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Toubiana, Julie", "Poirault, Clement", "Corsia, Alice", "Bajolle, Fanny", "Fourgeaud, Jacques", "Angoulvant, Francois", "Debray, Agathe", "Basmaci, Romain", "Salvador, Elodie", "Biscardi, Sandra", "Frange, Pierre", "Chalumeau, Martin", "Casanova, Jean-Laurent", "Cohen, Jeremie F", "Allali, Slimane"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493739", "countries": ["Japan", "France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the characteristics of children and adolescents affected by an outbreak of Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome and to evaluate a potential temporal association with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Prospective observational study. General paediatric department of a university hospital in Paris, France. 21 children and adolescents (aged \u226418 years) with features of Kawasaki disease who were admitted to hospital between 27 April and 11 May 2020 and followed up until discharge by 15 May 2020. The primary outcomes were clinical and biological data, imaging and echocardiographic findings, treatment, and outcomes. Nasopharyngeal swabs were prospectively tested for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and blood samples were tested for IgG antibodies to the virus. 21 children and adolescents (median age 7.9 (range 3.7-16.6) years) were admitted with features of Kawasaki disease over a 15 day period, with 12 (57%) of African ancestry. 12 (57%) presented with Kawasaki disease shock syndrome and 16 (76%) with myocarditis. 17 (81%) required intensive care support. All 21 patients had noticeable gastrointestinal symptoms during the early stage of illness and high levels of inflammatory markers. 19 (90%) had evidence of recent SARS-CoV-2 infection (positive RT-PCR result in 8/21, positive IgG antibody detection in 19/21). All 21 patients received intravenous immunoglobulin and 10 (48%) also received corticosteroids. The clinical outcome was favourable in all patients. Moderate coronary artery dilations were detected in 5 (24%) of the patients during hospital stay. By 15 May 2020, after 8 (5-17) days of hospital stay, all patients were discharged home. The ongoing outbreak of Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome among children and adolescents in the Paris area might be related to SARS-CoV-2. In this study an unusually high proportion of the affected children and adolescents had gastrointestinal symptoms, Kawasaki disease shock syndrome, and were of African ancestry."}, {"pmid": 32254064, "pmcid": "PMC7259988", "title": "Deployment of convalescent plasma for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Bloch, Evan M", "Shoham, Shmuel", "Casadevall, Arturo", "Sachais, Bruce S", "Shaz, Beth", "Winters, Jeffrey L", "van Buskirk, Camille", "Grossman, Brenda J", "Joyner, Michael", "Henderson, Jeffrey P", "Pekosz, Andrew", "Lau, Bryan", "Wesolowski, Amy", "Katz, Louis", "Shan, Hua", "Auwaerter, Paul G", "Thomas, David", "Sullivan, David J", "Paneth, Nigel", "Gehrie, Eric", "Spitalnik, Steven", "Hod, Eldad A", "Pollack, Lewis", "Nicholson, Wayne T", "Pirofski, Liise-Anne", "Bailey, Jeffrey A", "Tobian, Aaron Ar"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32254064", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spurred a global health crisis. To date, there are no proven options for prophylaxis for those who have been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, nor therapy for those who develop COVID-19. Immune (i.e., \"convalescent\") plasma refers to plasma that is collected from individuals following resolution of infection and development of antibodies. Passive antibody administration through transfusion of convalescent plasma may offer the only short-term strategy for conferring immediate immunity to susceptible individuals. There are numerous examples in which convalescent plasma has been used successfully as postexposure prophylaxis and/or treatment of infectious diseases, including other outbreaks of coronaviruses (e.g., SARS-1, Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS]). Convalescent plasma has also been used in the COVID-19 pandemic; limited data from China suggest clinical benefit, including radiological resolution, reduction in viral loads, and improved survival. Globally, blood centers have robust infrastructure for undertaking collections and constructing inventories of convalescent plasma to meet the growing demand. Nonetheless, there are nuanced challenges, both regulatory and logistical, spanning donor eligibility, donor recruitment, collections, and transfusion itself. Data from rigorously controlled clinical trials of convalescent plasma are also few, underscoring the need to evaluate its use objectively for a range of indications (e.g., prevention vs. treatment) and patient populations (e.g., age, comorbid disease). We provide an overview of convalescent plasma, including evidence of benefit, regulatory considerations, logistical work flow, and proposed clinical trials, as scale-up is brought underway to mobilize this critical resource."}, {"pmid": 32374891, "pmcid": "PMC7267607", "title": "Convalescent plasma to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): considerations for clinical trial design.", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Barone, Paul", "DeSimone, Robert A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374891", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365022, "title": "Towards Contactless Patient Positioning.", "journal": "IEEE Trans Med Imaging", "authors": ["Karanam, Srikrishna", "Li, Ren", "Yang, Fan", "Hu, Wei", "Chen, Terrence", "Wu, Ziyan"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365022", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus, has overwhelmed healthcare systems worldwide, putting medical professionals at a high risk of getting infected themselves due to a global shortage of personal protective equipment. This has in-turn led to understaffed hospitals unable to handle new patient influx. To help alleviate these problems, we design and develop a contactless patient positioning system that can enable scanning patients in a completely remote and contactless fashion. Our key design objective is to reduce the physical contact time with a patient as much as possible, which we achieve with our contactless workflow. Our system comprises automated calibration, positioning, and multi-view synthesis components that enable patient scan without physical proximity. Our calibration routine ensures system calibration at all times and can be executed without any manual intervention. Our patient positioning routine comprises a novel robust dynamic fusion (RDF) algorithm for accurate 3D patient body modeling. With its multi-modal inference capability, RDF can be trained once and used across different applications (without re-training) having various sensor choices, a key feature to enable system deployment at scale. Our multi-view synthesizer ensures multi-view positioning visualization for the technician to verify positioning accuracy prior to initiating the patient scan. We conduct extensive experiments with publicly available and proprietary datasets to demonstrate efficacy. Our system has already been used, and had a positive impact on, hospitals and technicians on the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic, and we expect to see its use increase substantially globally."}, {"pmid": 32396224, "pmcid": "PMC7272977", "title": "Rapid Deployment of a Statewide COVID-19 ECHO Program for Frontline Clinicians: Early Results and Lessons Learned.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Steeves-Reece, Anna L", "Elder, Nancy C", "Graham, Tuesday A", "Wolf, Miriam L", "Stock, Isabel", "Davis, Melinda M", "Stock, Ronald D"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396224", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327526, "title": "Severe liver failure during SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Weber, Sabine", "Mayerle, Julia", "Irlbeck, Michael", "Gerbes, Alexander L"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327526", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442428, "pmcid": "PMC7198425", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Imaging Austerity: Coming Back From the Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Snow, Aisling", "Taylor, George A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442428", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198983, "title": "From SARS-CoV to SARS-CoV-2: The response and challenge of forensic infectious disease autopsy.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, H J"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198983", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286554, "title": "Coronavirus: a veterinary perspective.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["da Hora, Aline Santana"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286554", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313879, "pmcid": "PMC7165295", "title": "What are the Underlying Transmission Patterns of COVID-19 Outbreak? - An Age-specific Social Contact Characterization.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Liu, Y", "Gu, Z", "Xia, S", "Shi, B", "Zhou, X-N", "Shi, Y", "Liu, J"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313879", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has spread to 6 continents. Now is opportune to gain a deeper understanding of what may have happened. The findings can help inform mitigation strategies in the disease-affected countries. In this work, we examine an essential factor that characterizes the disease transmission patterns: the interactions among people. We develop a computational model to reveal the interactions in terms of the social contact patterns among the population of different age-groups. We divide a city's population into seven age-groups: 0-6 years old (children); 7-14 (primary and junior high school students); 15-17 (high school students); 18-22 (university students); 23-44 (young/middle-aged people); 45-64 years old (middle-aged/elderly people); and 65 or above (elderly people). We consider four representative settings of social contacts that may cause the disease spread: (1) individual households; (2) schools, including primary/high schools as well as colleges and universities; (3) various physical workplaces; and (4) public places and communities where people can gather, such as stadiums, markets, squares, and organized tours. A contact matrix is computed to describe the contact intensity between different age-groups for each of the four settings. By integrating the four contact matrices with the next-generation matrix, we quantitatively characterize the underlying transmission patterns of COVID-19 among different populations. We focus our study on 6 representative cities in China: Wuhan, the epicenter of COVID-19, together with Beijing, Tianjin, Hangzhou, Suzhou, and Shenzhen, which are five major cities from three key economic zones. The results show that the social contact-based analysis can readily explain the underlying disease transmission patterns as well as the associated risks (including both confirmed and unconfirmed cases). In Wuhan, the age-groups involving relatively intensive contacts in households and public/communities are dispersedly distributed. This can explain why the transmission of COVID-19 in the early stage mainly took place in public places and families in Wuhan. We estimate that Feb. 11, 2020 was the date with the highest transmission risk in Wuhan, which is consistent with the actual peak period of the reported case number (Feb. 4-14). Moreover, the surge in the number of new cases reported on Feb. 12-13 in Wuhan can readily be captured using our model, showing its ability in forecasting the potential/unconfirmed cases. We further estimate the disease transmission risks associated with different work resumption plans in these cities after the outbreak. The estimation results are consistent with the actual situations in the cities with relatively lenient control policies, such as Beijing, and those with strict control policies, such as Shenzhen. With an in-depth characterization of age-specific social contact-based transmission, the retrospective and prospective situations of the disease outbreak, including the past and future transmission risks, the effectiveness of different interventions, and the disease transmission risks of restoring normal social activities, are computationally analyzed and reasonably explained. The conclusions drawn from the study not only provide a comprehensive explanation of the underlying COVID-19 transmission patterns in China, but more importantly, offer the social contact-based risk analysis methods that can readily be applied to guide intervention planning and operational responses in other countries, so that the impact of COVID-19 pandemic can be strategically mitigated. General Research Fund of the Hong Kong Research Grants Council; Key Project Grants of the National Science Foundation of China."}, {"pmid": 32109273, "pmcid": "PMC7107563", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship: estimating the epidemic potential and effectiveness of public health countermeasures.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Rocklov, J", "Sjodin, H", "Wilder-Smith, A"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32109273", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cruise ships carry a large number of people in confined spaces with relative homogeneous mixing. On 3 February, 2020, an outbreak of COVID-19 on cruise ship Diamond Princess was reported with 10 initial cases, following an index case on board around 21-25th January. By 4th February, public health measures such as removal and isolation of ill passengers and quarantine of non-ill passengers were implemented. By 20th February, 619 of 3700 passengers and crew (17%) were tested positive. We estimated the basic reproduction number from the initial period of the outbreak using SEIR models. We calibrated the models with transient functions of countermeasures to incidence data. We additionally estimated a counterfactual scenario in absence of countermeasures, and established a model stratified by crew and guests to study the impact of differential contact rates among the groups. We also compared scenarios of an earlier versus later evacuation of the ship. The basic reproduction rate was initially 4 times higher on-board compared to the ${R}_0$ in the epicentre in Wuhan, but the countermeasures lowered it substantially. Based on the modeled initial ${R}_0$ of 14.8, we estimated that without any interventions within the time period of 21 January to 19 February, 2920 out of the 3700 (79%) would have been infected. Isolation and quarantine therefore prevented 2307 cases, and lowered the ${R}_0$ to 1.78. We showed that an early evacuation of all passengers on 3 February would have been associated with 76 infected persons in their incubation time. The cruise ship conditions clearly amplified an already highly transmissible disease. The public health measures prevented more than 2000 additional cases compared to no interventions. However, evacuating all passengers and crew early on in the outbreak would have prevented many more passengers and crew from infection."}, {"pmid": 32425698, "pmcid": "PMC7229742", "title": "Will the Colombian intensive care units collapse due to the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Diaz-Guio, Diego Andres", "Villamil-Gomez, Wilmer E", "Dajud, Luis", "Perez-Diaz, Carlos E", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Mondragon-Cardona, Alvaro", "Cardona-Ospina, Jaime A", "Gomez, Jose F", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425698", "countries": ["Colombia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376476, "pmcid": "PMC7196554", "title": "Limited effectiveness of systematic screening by nasopharyngeal RT-PCR of medicalized nursing home staff after a first case of COVID-19 in a resident.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Guery, R", "Delaye, C", "Brule, N", "Nael, V", "Castain, L", "Raffi, F", "De Decker, L"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376476", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352314, "title": "The COVID-19 epidemic, its mortality, and the role of non-pharmaceutical interventions.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care", "authors": ["Hens, Niel", "Vranck, Pascal", "Molenberghs, Geert"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352314", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has developed into a pandemic, hitting hard on our communities. As the pandemic continues to bring health and economic hardship, keeping mortality as low as possible will be the highest priority for individuals; hence governments must put in place measures to ameliorate the inevitable economic downturn. The course of an epidemic may be defined by a series of key factors. In the early stages of a new infectious disease outbreak, it is crucial to understand the transmission dynamics of the infection. The basic reproduction number (R0), which defines the mean number of secondary cases generated by one primary case when the population is largely susceptible to infection ('totally na\u00efve'), determines the overall number of people who are likely to be infected, or, more precisely, the area under the epidemic curve. Estimation of changes in transmission over time can provide insights into the epidemiological situation and identify whether outbreak control measures are having a measurable effect. For R0\u2009>\u20091, the number infected tends to increase, and for R0\u2009<\u20091, transmission dies out. Non-pharmaceutical strategies to handle the epidemic are sketched and based on current knowledge, the current situation is sketched and scenarios for the near future discussed."}, {"pmid": 32340089, "title": "[Pathological changes of the spleen in ten patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) by postmortem needle autopsy].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xu, X", "Chang, X N", "Pan, H X", "Su, H", "Huang, B", "Yang, M", "Luo, D J", "Weng, M X", "Ma, L", "Nie, X"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340089", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To study the pathological changes of the spleen in patients with COVID-19 and to analyze the relationship between the weakened immune system and splenic lesions. Methods: Postmortem needle autopsies from the spleen were carried out on 10 patients who died from COVID-19 in Wuhan. Routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes. The changes of lymphocytes were studied further with immunohistochemistry.RT-PCR was used to detect 2019-nCoV RNA in the spleen. In addition,the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was detected by in situ hybridization, and coronavirus particles were detected by transmission electron microscopy in 2 cases. Results: There were 7 males and 3 females, with an average age of 68.3 years.Of the 10 cases, 4 had cancer history and another 4 had other underlying diseases respectively.Cough, fever, malaise and dyspnea were the main clinical symptoms.The time from onset to death was 15-45 days.Ten cases patients had normal or slight increase in peripheral blood leukocyte count in the early stage of the disease, 6 cases had significant increase before death. Five patients' peripheral blood lymphocyte count decreased in the early stage of the disease, and 10 patients' peripheral blood lymphocyte count decreased significantly before the disease progressed or died. Seven cases were treated with corticosteroid (methylprednisolone \u226440\u00a0mg/d, not more than 5 days). Histopathological examination showed that the cell composition of the spleen decreased, white pulp atrophied at different levels, meanwhile lymphoid follicles decreased or absent;in addition, the ratio of red pulp to white pulp increased with varying degrees. In 7 cases, more neutrophil infiltration was found, and in 5 cases, scattered plasma cell infiltration was found. Macrophage proliferation and hemophagocytic phenomena in a few cells were found in a case. Meanwhile, necrosis and lymphocyte apoptosis were detected in 2 cases, small artery thrombosis and spleen infarction in 1 case, and fungal infection in 1 case. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the T and B lymphocyte components of the spleen in all cases decreased in varying degrees. CD20(+) B cells were found to accumulate in the lymphoid sheath around the splenic artery in 8 cases. However, CD20 and CD21 immunostaining in 2 cases showed that the number of white pulp was almost normal, and splenic nodules were atrophic. CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+)T cells were decreased. In 9 cases,CD68(+) macrophages were no significant changes in the distribution and quantity. While more CD68(+) cells were found in the medullary sinuses of 1 case (related to fungal infection). Few CD56(+) cells were found. EBV was negative by in situ hybridization. RT-PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid of 2019-nCoV. One of 10 cases was positive, 39 years old,who was the youngest patient in this group, and the other 9 cases were negative. Coronavirus particles were found in the cytoplasm of macrophage under electron microscope in 2 cases. Conclusions: The death of COVID-19 occurs mainly in the elderly, and some cases have no underlying diseases. Spleen may be one of the organs directly attacked by the virus in some patients who died from COVID-19. T and B lymphocyte in the spleen decrease in varying degrees, lymphoid follicles are atrophied, decreased or absent, and the number of NK cells do not change significantly. And the pathological changes of the spleen are not related to the use of low dose corticosteroid, which may be related to the direct attack of virus and the attack of immune system on its own tissues."}, {"pmid": 32437524, "title": "To Be a Partner in Life-Resident Training During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Horton, Joshua Dean"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437524", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446640, "pmcid": "PMC7198393", "title": "\"Remote Monitoring of Intranasal Ketamine Self-Administration as Maintenance Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD): A Novel Strategy for Vulnerable and At-Risk Populations to COVID-19?\"", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Longpre-Poirier, Christophe", "Desbeaumes Jodoin, Veronique", "Miron, Jean-Philippe", "Lesperance, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446640", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304691, "pmcid": "PMC7158836", "title": "Pregnant vs nonpregnant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and coronavirus disease 2019 hospital admissions: the first 4 weeks in New York.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Tekbali, Asma", "Grunebaum, Amos", "Saraya, Abraham", "McCullough, Laurence", "Bornstein, Eran", "Chervenak, Frank A"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304691", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270359, "pmcid": "PMC7141930", "title": "Acute stroke management pathway during Coronavirus-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Baracchini, Claudio", "Pieroni, Alessio", "Viaro, Federica", "Cianci, Vito", "Cattelan, Anna M", "Tiberio, Ivo", "Munari, Marina", "Causin, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270359", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic which in our region, Veneto (Italy), dates back to February, we were confronted with several challenges, but with a constant aim of keeping our Stroke Unit COVID-free. For this reason, in addition to creating a dedicated hot-spot as a pre-triage just outside the Emergency Department, together with the Neuroradiology Unit we obtained a mobile CT unit that could be used by COVID-positive or COVID-suspected patients. Furthermore, thanks to the collaboration with colleagues from different specialties (Infectious Disease, Internal Medicine, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine), dedicated areas for COVID patients were activated. This led to a substantial change of our acute stoke management pathway. As the number of COVID patients increased, and the WHO declared a state of pandemic, this new stroke pathway has been fully tested. We would like to share our experience and send a clear message to keep a high attention on stroke as an emergency condition, because we have observed a decreased number of patients with minor strokes and TIAs, longer onset-to-door and door-to-treatment times for major strokes, and a reduced number of transfers from spokes. We strongly believe that the general population and family doctors are rightly focused on COVID. However, to remain at home with stroke symptoms does not mean to \"stay safe at home\"."}, {"pmid": 32473663, "pmcid": "PMC7255990", "title": "Ethnicity and COVID-19 in children with comorbidities.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Harman, Katharine", "Verma, Anita", "Cook, James", "Radia, Trisha", "Zuckerman, Mark", "Deep, Akash", "Dhawan, Anil", "Gupta, Atul"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473663", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32032674, "pmcid": "PMC7129558", "title": "Outbreak of novel Corona virus (2019-nCoV); implications for travelers to Pakistan.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rahman Qureshi, Ubaid Ur", "Saleem, Sadia", "Khan, Aisha", "Afzal, Muhammad Sohail", "Ali, Muhammad Shahzad", "Ahmed, Haroon"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32032674", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470604, "pmcid": "PMC7250069", "title": "A case of transient existence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the respiratory tract with the absence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lin, Yi-Chun", "Cheng, Chien-Yu", "Chen, Cheng-Pin", "Cheng, Shu-Hsing", "Chang, Sui-Yuan", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470604", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the case of a patient who had travelled to Japan and who presented mild respiratory symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak period. There was transient existence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in his oropharynx. The RNA was absent in the six respiratory specimens that were subsequently tested. An anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response was absent in the acute and convalescent sera. The reported case indicates that transient colonization of SARS-CoV-2 in the upper respiratory tract is possible without inciting any antibody response against the virus."}, {"pmid": 32428204, "title": "Time to treatment still matters in ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a call to maintain treatment effectiveness during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Cosentino, Nicola", "Bartorelli, Antonio L", "Marenzi, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405114, "pmcid": "PMC7219388", "title": "The mental health of those whose rights have been taken away: An essay on the mental health of indigenous peoples in the face of the 2019 Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Junior, Jucier Goncalves", "Moreira, Marcial Moreno", "Pinheiro, Woneska Rodrigues", "de Amorim, Liromaria Maria", "Lima, Carlos Kennedy Tavares", "da Silva, Claudio Gleidiston Lima", "Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405114", "countries": ["Canada", "Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Latin America there are about 45 million indigenous people in 826 communities that represent 8.3% of the population. An estimated 798,365 Aboriginal and\u00a0Torres Strait Islander were in Australia, 5,2 million indigenous people living in America and 2,13 million in Canada. Racial/ethnic disparities in mental health service use have increased especially in the context of the new coronavirus pandemic. Thus, we aimed to describe the mental health situation of the indigenous population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic METHOD: : The studies were identified in well-known international journals found in three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and MEDLINE. The data were cross-checked with information from the main international newspapers. According to the literature, due to the COVID-19 pandemic there is a lack of specialized mental health services and professionals, a restricted access to quality information and a lack of access to inputs, causing negative feelings and it can exacerbate pre-existing mental problems (eg: depression, suicidal ideation, smoking and binge drink). The cultural differences are a risk factor to worsen the mental health of this already vulnerable population. providing psychological first aid is an essential care component for indigenous populations that have been victims COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32398210, "title": "Tackling the threat of COVID-19 in Africa: an urgent need for practical planning.", "journal": "Int J Tuberc Lung Dis", "authors": ["Chiang, C-Y", "El Sony, A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398210", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501731, "title": "Cholesterol: A new game player accelerating endothelial injuries caused by SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Cao, Xiaoling", "Yin, Rong", "Albrecht, Helmut", "Fan, Daping", "Tan, Wenbin"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501731", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global threat to public health. Functional impairments in multiple organs have been reported in COVID-19 including lungs, heart, kidney, liver, brain and vascular system. Patients with metabolic-associated preconditions such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes are susceptible to experience severe symptoms. The recent emerging evidence of coagulation disorders in COVID-19 suggests that vasculopathy appears to be an independent risk factor promoting disease severity and mortality of affected patients. We have recently found that the decreased levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterols (LDL-c) correlate with disease severity in COVID-19 patients, indicating pathological interactions between dyslipidemia and vasculopothy in COVID-19 patients. However, this clinical manifestation has been unintentionally underestimated by physicians and scientific communities. As metabolic-associated morbidities are generally accompanied with endothelial cell (EC) dysfunctions, these pre-existing conditions may make ECs more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 attack. In this mini-review, we summarize the metabolic and vascular manifestations of COVID-19 with an emphasis on the association between changes in LDL-c levels and the development of severe symptoms as well as the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying the synergistic effect of LDL-c and SARS-CoV-2 on EC injuries and vasculopathy."}, {"pmid": 32314976, "pmcid": "PMC7199804", "title": "Chinese Public's Attention to the COVID-19 Epidemic on Social Media: Observational Descriptive Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Zhao, Yuxin", "Cheng, Sixiang", "Yu, Xiaoyan", "Xu, Huilan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314976", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic in China in December 2019, information and discussions about COVID-19 have spread rapidly on the internet and have quickly become the focus of worldwide attention, especially on social media. This study aims to investigate and analyze the public's attention to events related to COVID-19 in China at the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic (December 31, 2019, to February 20, 2020) through the Sina Microblog hot search list. We collected topics related to the COVID-19 epidemic on the Sina Microblog hot search list from December 31, 2019, to February 20, 2020, and described the trend of public attention on COVID-19 epidemic-related topics. ROST Content Mining System version 6.0 was used to analyze the collected text for word segmentation, word frequency, and sentiment analysis. We further described the hot topic keywords and sentiment trends of public attention. We used VOSviewer to implement a visual cluster analysis of hot keywords and build a social network of public opinion content. The study has four main findings. First, we analyzed the changing trend of the public's attention to the COVID-19 epidemic, which can be divided into three stages. Second, the hot topic keywords of public attention at each stage were slightly different. Third, the emotional tendency of the public toward the COVID-19 epidemic-related hot topics changed from negative to neutral, with negative emotions weakening and positive emotions increasing as a whole. Fourth, we divided the COVID-19 topics with the most public concern into five categories: the situation of the new cases of COVID-19 and its impact, frontline reporting of the epidemic and the measures of prevention and control, expert interpretation and discussion on the source of infection, medical services on the frontline of the epidemic, and focus on the worldwide epidemic and the search for suspected cases. Our study found that social media (eg, Sina Microblog) can be used to measure public attention toward public health emergencies. During the epidemic of the novel coronavirus, a large amount of information about the COVID-19 epidemic was disseminated on Sina Microblog and received widespread public attention. We have learned about the hotspots of public concern regarding the COVID-19 epidemic. These findings can help the government and health departments better communicate with the public on health and translate public health needs into practice to create targeted measures to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32269023, "title": "Covid-19: Africa records over 10 000 cases as lockdowns take hold.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269023", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519316, "title": "Management of the dead during COVID-19 outbreak in Malaysia.", "journal": "Forensic Sci Med Pathol", "authors": ["Khoo, Lay See", "Hasmi, Ahmad Hafizam", "Ibrahim, Mohamad Azaini", "Mahmood, Mohd Shah"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519316", "countries": ["Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of a novel human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing severe respiratory tract infections in humans, is affecting all countries of the world and has become a global health concern. Since the virus was first identified in December 2019, the number of deaths have been propagating exponentially, causing countries across the world, including Malaysia, to increase emergency measures to combat the virus. Due to the fact that the COVID-19 pandemic does not discriminate its victims, it is of paramount importance to construct a plan for management of the dead for all suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases, including the unidentified deceased, as an essential portion of the humanitarian forensic action approach. This document provides an overview on ways to maximize the local collective capacity from various government agencies to manage the dead based on the prevailing regulations and legislation in the country, in preparation for possible large scale deaths from this pandemic. The National Institute of Forensic Medicine Malaysia has improvised procedures and guidelines for management of the dead within the existing regulations in order to achieve a balance between medicolegal requirements and the safety of personnel managing the bodies of the deceased with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection; at the site of death, during transport, during postmortem procedures, storage and preparation before and during burial or cremation as well as environmental cleaning and disinfection, involving various agencies in the country. A form of temporary controlled burial is as an option to allow the reinvestigation of a decedent to help formally identify victims of the pandemic such as undocumented migrants or refugees who were previously not identified. Due to the different legal requirements and mortality rates between countries, there is no one-size-fits-all approach to the management of the dead. Whenever possible, every opportunity and assistance must be given to families to mourn their loved ones, even in times of crisis or an outbreak, in order to sustain an appropriate level of dignity and respect."}, {"pmid": 32434207, "title": "Urology in the Time of Coronavirus: Reduced Access to Urgent and Emergent Urological Care during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "Urol Int", "authors": ["Porreca, Angelo", "Colicchia, Michele", "D'Agostino, Daniele", "Amenta, Michele", "Corsaro, Alfio", "Zaramella, Stefano", "Zegna, Luisa", "Gallo, Fabrizio", "Schenone, Maurizio", "Bozzini, Giorgio", "Calori, Alberto", "Pastore, Antonio L", "Al Salhi, Yazan", "Sciorio, Carmine", "Spirito, Lorenzo", "Varca, Virginia", "Marenghi, Carlo", "Greco, Francesco", "Altieri, Vincenzo M", "Verze, Paolo", "Barba, Ciro", "Antonelli, Alessandro", "Cerruto, Maria A", "Falabella, Roberto", "Di Bello, Silvana", "Leonardo, Costantino", "Tufano, Antonio", "Volpe, Alessandro", "Umari, Paolo", "Parma, Paolo", "Nidini, Mattia", "Pini, Giovannalberto", "Borghesi, Marco", "Terrone, Carlo", "Cacciamani, Giovanni E", "Sighinolfi, Maria C", "Busetto, Gian Maria", "Wennberg, Alexandra M", "Finocchiaro, Marinella", "Falsaperla, Mario", "Oderda, Marco", "Ceruti, Carlo", "Rocco, Bernardo", "Schiavina, Riccardo", "Bianchi, Lorenzo", "Mari, Andrea", "Di Maida, Fabrizio", "Dalpiaz, Orietta", "Celia, Antonio", "Pirozzi, Marco", "Bove, Pierluigi", "Iacovelli, Valerio", "Cafarelli, Angelo", "Cindolo, Luca", "Ferrari, Giovanni", "Gatti, Lorenzo", "Pirola, Giacomo", "Annino, Filippo", "Pucci, Luigi", "Romagnoli, Daniele", "Artibani, Walter", "Minervini, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434207", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put a substantial burden on the Italian healthcare system, resulting in the restructuring of hospitals to care for COVID-19 patients. However, this has likely impacted access to care for patients experiencing other conditions. We aimed to quantify the impact of COVID-19 on access to care for patients with urgent/emergent urological conditions throughout Italy. A questionnaire was sent to 33 urological units in the AGILE consortium, asking clinicians to report on the number of urgent/emergent urological patients seen and/or undergoing surgery over a 3-week period during the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak and a reference week prior to the outbreak. ANOVA and linear regression models were used to quantify these changes. Data from 27 urological centres in Italy showed a decrease from 956 patients/week seen just prior to the outbreak to 291 patients/week seen by the end of the study period. There was a difference in the number of patients with urgent/emergent urological disease seen within/during the different weeks (all p values < 0.05). A significant decrease in the number of patients presenting with haematuria, urinary retention, urinary tract infection, scrotal pain, renal colic, or trauma and urgent/emergent cases that required surgery was reported (all p values < 0.05). In Italy, during the COVID-19 outbreak there has been a decrease in patients seeking help for urgent/emergent urological conditions. Restructuring of hospitals and clinics is mandatory to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic; however, the healthcare system should continue to provide adequate levels of care also to patients with other conditions."}, {"pmid": 32426740, "pmcid": "PMC7188430", "title": "Misinformation During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak: How Knowledge Emerges From Noise.", "journal": "Crit Care Explor", "authors": ["Rochwerg, Bram", "Parke, Rachael", "Murthy, Srinivas", "Fernando, Shannon M", "Leigh, Jeanna Parsons", "Marshall, John", "Adhikari, Neill K J", "Fiest, Kirsten", "Fowler, Rob", "Lamontagne, Francois", "Sevransky, Jonathan E"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426740", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the amount of information generated during this most recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is enormous, much is of uncertain trustworthiness. This review summaries the many potential sources of information that clinicians turn to during pandemic illness, the challenges associated with performing methodologically sound research in this setting and potential approaching to conducting well done research during a health crisis. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Not applicable. Pandemics and healthcare crises provide extraordinary opportunities for the rapid generation of reliable scientific information but also for misinformation, especially in the early phases, which may contribute to public hysteria. The best way to combat misinformation is with trustworthy data produced by healthcare researchers. Although challenging, research can occur during pandemics and crises and is facilitated by advance planning, governmental support, targeted funding opportunities, and collaboration with industry partners. The coronavirus disease 2019 research response has highlighted both the dangers of misinformation as well as the benefits and possibilities of performing rigorous research during challenging times."}, {"pmid": 32505692, "title": "Molecular analysis of several in-house rRT-PCR protocols for SARS-CoV-2 detection in the context of genetic variability of the virus in Colombia.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Alvarez-Diaz, Diego A", "Franco-Munoz, Carlos", "Laiton-Donato, Katherine", "Usme-Ciro, Jose A", "Franco-Sierra, Nicolas D", "Florez-Sanchez, Astrid C", "Gomez-Rangel, Sergio", "Rodriguez-Calderon, Luz D", "Barbosa-Ramirez, Juliana", "Ospitia-Baez, Erika", "Walteros, Diana M", "Ospina-Martinez, Martha L", "Mercado-Reyes, Marcela"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505692", "countries": ["Colombia"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is a public health problem unprecedented in the recent history of humanity. Different in-house real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) methods for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and the appearance of genomes with mutations in primer regions have been reported. Hence, whole-genome data from locally-circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains contribute to the knowledge of its global variability and the development and fine tuning of diagnostic protocols. To describe the genetic variability of Colombian SARS-CoV-2 genomes in hybridization regions of oligonucleotides of the main in-house methods for SARS-CoV-2 detection, RNA samples with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 molecular diagnosis were processed through next-generation sequencing. Primers/probes sequences from 13 target regions for SARS-CoV-2 detection suggested by 7 institutions and consolidated by WHO during the early stage of the pandemic were aligned with Muscle tool to assess the genetic variability potentially affecting their performance. Finally, the corresponding codon positions at the 3' end of each primer, the open reading frame inspection was identified for each gene/protein product. Complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes were obtained from 30 COVID-19 cases, representative of the current epidemiology in the country. Mismatches between at least one Colombian sequence and five oligonucleotides targeting the RdRP and N genes were observed. The 3' end of 4 primers aligned to the third codon position, showed high risk of nucleotide substitution and potential mismatches at this critical position. Genetic variability was detected in Colombian SARS-CoV-2 sequences in some of the primer/probe regions for in-house rRT-PCR diagnostic tests available at WHO COVID-19 technical guidelines; its impact on the performance and rates of false-negative results should be experimentally evaluated. The genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 is highly recommended for the early identification of mutations in critical regions and to issue recommendations on specific diagnostic tests to ensure the coverage of locally-circulating genetic variants."}, {"pmid": 32335337, "pmcid": "PMC7180155", "title": "Hypertension prevalence in human coronavirus disease: the role of ACE system in infection spread and severity.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ruocco, Gaetano", "Feola, Mauro", "Palazzuoli, Alberto"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335337", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The prevalence of hypertension is high in patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) and it appears to be related to an increased risk of mortality, as shown in many epidemiological studies. The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) system is not uniformly expressed in all of the human races, and current differences could explain some of the geographical discrepancies in infection around the world. Furthermore, animal studies have shown that the ACE2 receptor is a potential pathway for host infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19. As two-thirds of hypertensive patients take ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers, several concerns have been raised about the detrimental role of current antihypertensive drugs in COVID-19. This report summarizes the recent evidence for and against the administration of ACE blockade in the COVID-19 era."}, {"pmid": 32427216, "pmcid": "PMC7232600", "title": "[Inpatient psychosomatics in times of the coronavirus].", "journal": "Psychotherapeut (Berl)", "authors": ["Loew, Thomas H", "Krinninger, Maximilian", "Kettler, Christian"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents psychosomatic clinics with new challenges. In order that psychotherapists in private practice can also obtain a picture for their patients, this article deals with the core aspects of hygiene. There are three fundamental patterns of care and provisions by the institutions that can be differentiated: rededication, stepwise evacuation and stand-by for rededication and continuation of the service under medical epidemic conditions. The following topics are the relevant contents: need for consultation in the matter of anxiety for coronavirus and interpersonal mental and psychosomatic problems due to the necessary social distancing, care especially in precarious living situations, altered communication structures (telephone, video consultation) and care of those occupied with the topic of \"coronavirus disease 2019\" (COVID-19). All patients undergo a clinical and virologic diagnostic process before admittance and receive psychosomatic psychotherapeutic inpatient care, possibly beginning under quarantine conditions. Furthermore, appropriate general hygiene regulations are explained. Finally, what the patients are told is illustrated using a simple schematic aid: distance (minimum 2\u00a0m), rubbing (wash hands with soap often and for at least 20\u00a0s), avoidance (pass by in a friendly manner), alternative communication, forsaking (shopping is not always necessary), wiping (regularly wipeing of all surfaces by the cleaning personnel as well as tablet and mobile telephone by the patients themselves) and outside activity as much as possible, alone or sitting together (with safety distance). The psychosomatic services were appropriately converted."}, {"pmid": 32391664, "title": "[CT imaging features of patients with different clinical types of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Zhong, Qi", "Li, Zhi", "Shen, Xiaoyong", "Xu, Kaijin", "Shen, Yihong", "Fang, Qiang", "Chen, Feng", "Liang, Tingbo"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391664", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the CT findings of patients with different clinical types of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 67 patients diagnosed as COVID-19 by nucleic acid testing were collected and divided into 4 groups according to the clinical stages based on Diagnosis and treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia (trial version 6). The CT imaging characteristics were analyzed among patients with different clinical types. Among 67 patients, 3(4.5%) were mild, 35 (52.2%) were moderate, 22 (32.8%) were severe, and 7(10.4%) were critical ill. No significant abnormality in chest CT imaging in mild patients. The 35 cases of moderate type included 3 (8.6%) single lesions, the 22 cases of severe cases included 1 (4.5%) single lesion and the rest cases were with multiple lesions. CT images of moderate patients were mainly manifested by solid plaque shadow and halo sign (18/35, 51.4%); while fibrous strip shadow with ground glass shadow was more frequent in severe cases (7/22, 31.8%). Consolidation shadow as the main lesion was observed in 7 cases, and all of them were severe or critical ill patients. CT images of patients with different clinical types of COVID-19 have characteristic manifestations, and solid shadow may predict severe and critical illness."}, {"pmid": 32360133, "pmcid": "PMC7151446", "title": "Screening for active COVID-19 infection and immunization status prior to biologic therapy in IBD patients at the time of the pandemic outbreak.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Zingone, Fabiana", "Buda, Andrea", "Savarino, Edoardo Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360133", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 has been recently classified as pandemic infection by the World Health Organization. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are invited to follow the national recommendations as any other person. It is unclear whether a more aggressive clinical course might develop in asymptomatic COVID-19 infected subjects during biological therapy and current evidence does not support treatment suspension. However, during pandemic, the start of treatment with immunosuppressive drugs and biologics should be postponed whenever possible and based on an individual risk assessment. When clinical conditions and the disease activity do not allow a treatment delay, before starting a biological therapy, screening of IBD patients for COVID-19 active infection by RT-PCR should be advisable, even in absence of clinical suspicion. Serum antibody testing, when available, could provide evidence of infection as well as identify patients already immune to the disease."}, {"pmid": 32389516, "pmcid": "PMC7183984", "title": "Reactive psychoses in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical perspectives from a case series.", "journal": "Rev Psiquiatr Salud Ment", "authors": ["Valdes-Florido, Maria Jose", "Lopez-Diaz, Alvaro", "Palermo-Zeballos, Fernanda Jazmin", "Martinez-Molina, Ivan", "Martin-Gil, Victoria Eugenia", "Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto", "Ruiz-Veguilla, Miguel"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389516", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently undergoing an extremely stressful scenario due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This unexpected and dramatic situation could increase the incidence of mental health problems, among them, psychotic disorders. The aim of this paper was to describe a case series of brief reactive psychosis due to the psychological distress from the current coronavirus pandemic. We report on a case series including all the patients with reactive psychoses in the context of the COVID-19 crisis who were admitted to the Virgen del Roc\u00edo and Virgen Macarena University Hospitals (Seville, Spain) during the first two weeks of compulsory nationwide quarantine. In that short period, four patients met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria for a brief reactive psychotic disorder. All of the episodes were directly triggered by stress derived from the COVID-19 pandemic and half of the patients presented severe suicidal behavior at admission. We may now be witnessing an increasing number of brief reactive psychotic disorders as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. This type of psychosis has a high risk of suicidal behavior and, although short-lived, has a high rate of psychotic recurrence and low diagnostic stability over time. Therefore, we advocate close monitoring in both the acute phase and long-term follow-up of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32372834, "pmcid": "PMC7195372", "title": "Tracking down coronavirus.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Vaughan, Adam"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372834", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "What is it like to be a covid-19 contact tracer and what do they do?"}, {"pmid": 32491098, "pmcid": "PMC7269533", "title": "Surveillance of the first cases of COVID-19 in Sergipe using a prospective spatiotemporal analysis: the spatial dispersion and its public health implications.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Andrade, Lucas Almeida", "Gomes, Dharliton Soares", "Goes, Marco Aurelio de Oliveira", "Souza, Mercia Simone Feitosa de", "Teixeira, Daniela Cabral Pizzi", "Ribeiro, Caique Jordan Nunes", "Alves, Jose Antonio Barreto", "Araujo, Karina Conceicao Gomes Machado de", "Santos, Allan Dantas Dos"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491098", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health emergency with lethality ranging from 1% to 5%. This study aimed to identify active high-risk transmission clusters of COVID-19 in Sergipe. We performed a prospective space-time analysis using confirmed cases of COVID-19 during the first 7 weeks of the outbreak in Sergipe. The prospective space-time statistic detected \"active\" and emerging spatio-temporal clusters comprising six municipalities in the south-central region of the state. The Geographic Information System (GIS) associated with spatio-temporal scan statistics can provide timely support for surveillance and assist in decision-making."}, {"pmid": 32283063, "pmcid": "PMC7151356", "title": "A Call to Action: The Need for Autopsies to Determine the Full Extent of Organ Involvement Associated With COVID-19.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Barth, Rolf F", "Xu, Xinyang", "Buja, L Maximilian"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283063", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437278, "title": "Supporting Social Distancing for COVID-19 Mitigation Through Community-Based Volunteer Networks.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Kobokovich, Amanda L", "Hosangadi, Divya", "Rivers, Caitlin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437278", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent experiences during a variety of disease outbreaks, ranging from Ebola to influenza, have underscored the potential for epidemics to have an impact on daily life, even for those who are not themselves infected.1,2 In severe situations, epidemics or pandemics can even affect overall community functioning. For example, a rapidly expanding pandemic can result in shuttered schools, cancelled events, food insecurity, and social distrust in communities. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print May 21, 2020: e1-e2. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305740)."}, {"pmid": 32425240, "pmcid": "PMC7229950", "title": "Uncertainty surrounding the use of face masks in the community amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Stud", "authors": ["Lam, Stanley Kam Ki", "Hung, Maria Shuk Yu", "Chien, Wai Tong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425240", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32334841, "pmcid": "PMC7158797", "title": "COVID-19 may induce Guillain-Barre syndrome.", "journal": "Rev Neurol (Paris)", "authors": ["Camdessanche, J-P", "Morel, J", "Pozzetto, B", "Paul, S", "Tholance, Y", "Botelho-Nevers, E"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334841", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266498, "pmcid": "PMC7137858", "title": "Management of orthodontic emergencies during 2019-NCOV.", "journal": "Prog Orthod", "authors": ["Caprioglio, Alberto", "Pizzetti, Giulia B", "Zecca, Piero Antonio", "Fastuca, Rosamaria", "Maino, Giuliano", "Nanda, Ravindra"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266498", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364120, "pmcid": "PMC7181990", "title": "Report of a patient with neurological symptoms as the sole manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Escalada Pellitero, S", "Garriga Ferrer-Bergua, L"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364120", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238613, "pmcid": "PMC7182733", "title": "Novel Coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) Infection: Part II - Respiratory Support in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Resource-limited Settings.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Sundaram, Manu", "Ravikumar, Namita", "Bansal, Arun", "Nallasamy, Karthi", "Basavaraja, G V", "Lodha, Rakesh", "Gupta, Dhiren", "Odena, Marti Pons", "Ashwath, R N Ram", "Jayashree, Muralidharan"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238613", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019-novel coronavirus predominantly affects the respiratory system with manifestations ranging from upper respiratory symptoms to full blown acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It is important to recognize the risk factors, categorize severity and provide early treatment. Use of high flow devices and non-invasive ventilation has been discouraged due to high chances of aerosol generation. Early intubation and mechanical ventilation areessential to prevent complications and worsening, especially in resource-limited settings with very few centers having expertise to manage critical cases. Hydrophobic viral filter in the ventilator circuit minimizes chances of transmission of virus. Strategies to manage ARDS in COVID-19 include low tidal volume ventilation with liberal sedation-analgesia. At the same time, prevention of transmission of the virus to healthcare workers is extremely important in the intensive care setting dealing with severe cases and requiring procedures generating aerosol. We, herein, provide guidance on non-invasive respiratory support, intubation and management of ARDS in a child with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32282628, "title": "COVID-19 - A Guide to Rapid Implementation of Telehealth Services: A Playbook for the Pediatric Gastroenterologist.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Berg, Elizabeth A", "Picoraro, Joseph A", "Miller, Steven D", "Srinath, Arvind", "Franciosi, James P", "Hayes, Christopher E", "Farrell, Peter R", "Cole, Conrad R", "LeLeiko, Neal S"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282628", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435872, "title": "Lab-on-a-Chip Devices for Point-of-Care Medical Diagnostics.", "journal": "Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol", "authors": ["Arshavsky-Graham, Sofia", "Segal, Ester"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435872", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has underscored the need to move from traditional lab-centralized diagnostics to point-of-care (PoC) settings. Lab-on-a-chip (LoC) platforms facilitate the translation to PoC settings via the miniaturization, portability, integration, and automation of multiple assay functions onto a single chip. For this purpose, paper-based assays and microfluidic platforms are currently being extensively studied, and much focus is being directed towards simplifying their design while simultaneously improving multiplexing and automation capabilities. Signal amplification strategies are being applied to improve the performance of assays with respect to both sensitivity and selectivity, while smartphones are being integrated to expand the analytical power of the technology and promote its accessibility. In this chapter, we review the main technologies in the field of LoC platforms for PoC medical diagnostics and survey recent approaches for improving these assays."}, {"pmid": 32473263, "pmcid": "PMC7251356", "title": "Prevention is life- and cost-saving.", "journal": "Prev Med", "authors": ["Baussano, Iacopo", "Sankaranarayanan, Rengaswamy", "Weiderpass, Elisabete"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473263", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467443, "pmcid": "PMC7255402", "title": "Coagulopathy of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Iba, Toshiaki", "Levy, Jerrold H", "Levi, Marcel", "Connors, Jean Marie", "Thachil, Jecko"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467443", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent studies have reported a high prevalence of thrombotic events in coronavirus disease 2019. However, the significance of thromboembolic complications has not been widely appreciated. The purpose of this review is to provide current knowledge of this serious problem. Narrative review. Online search of published medical literature through PubMed using the term \"COVID-19,\" \"SARS,\" \"acute respiratory distress syndrome,\" \"coronavirus,\" \"coagulopathy,\" \"thrombus,\" and \"anticoagulants.\" Articles were chosen for inclusion based on their relevance to coagulopathy and thrombosis in coronavirus disease 2019, and anticoagulant therapy. Reference lists were reviewed to identify additional relevant articles. Coronavirus disease 2019 is associated with a strikingly high prevalence of coagulopathy and venous thromboembolism that may contribute to respiratory deterioration. Monitoring coagulation variables is important, as abnormal coagulation tests are related to adverse outcomes and may necessitate adjuvant antithrombotic interventions. In the initial phase of the infection, D-dimer and fibrinogen levels are increased, while activated partial prothrombin time, prothrombin time, and platelet counts are often relatively normal. Increased D-dimer levels three times the upper limit of normal may trigger screening for venous thromboembolism. In all hospitalized patients, thromboprophylaxis using low-molecular-weight heparin is currently recommended. The etiology of the procoagulant responses is complex and thought to be a result of specific interactions between host defense mechanisms and the coagulation system. Although the coagulopathy is reminiscent of disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombotic microangiopathy, it has features that are markedly distinct from these entities. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2/coronavirus disease 2019 frequently induces hypercoagulability with both microangiopathy and local thrombus formation, and a systemic coagulation defect that leads to large vessel thrombosis and major thromboembolic complications, including pulmonary embolism in critically ill hospitalized patients. D-dimers and fibrinogen levels should be monitored, and all hospitalized patients should undergo thromboembolism prophylaxis with an increase in therapeutic anticoagulation in certain clinical situations."}, {"pmid": 32413621, "pmcid": "PMC7211667", "title": "Air quality changes during the COVID-19 lockdown over the Yangtze River Delta Region: An insight into the impact of human activity pattern changes on air pollution variation.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Li, Li", "Li, Qing", "Huang, Ling", "Wang, Qian", "Zhu, Ansheng", "Xu, Jian", "Liu, Ziyi", "Li, Hongli", "Shi, Lishu", "Li, Rui", "Azari, Majid", "Wang, Yangjun", "Zhang, Xiaojuan", "Liu, Zhiqiang", "Zhu, Yonghui", "Zhang, Kun", "Xue, Shuhui", "Ooi, Maggie Chel Gee", "Zhang, Dongping", "Chan, Andy"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413621", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has spreaded rapidly across the world. To control the rapid dispersion of the virus, China has imposed national lockdown policies to practise social distancing. This has led to reduced human activities and hence primary air pollutant emissions, which caused improvement of air quality as a side-product. To investigate the air quality changes during the COVID-19 lockdown over the YRD Region, we apply the WRF-CAMx modelling system together with monitoring data to investigate the impact of human activity pattern changes on air quality. Results show that human activities were lowered significantly during the period: industrial operations, VKT, constructions in operation, etc. were significantly reduced, leading to lowered SO2, NOx, PM2.5 and VOCs emissions by approximately 16-26%, 29-47%, 27-46% and 37-57% during the Level I and Level II response periods respectively. These emission reduction has played a significant role in the improvement of air quality. Concentrations of PM2.5, NO2 and SO2 decreased by 31.8%, 45.1% and 20.4% during the Level I period; and 33.2%, 27.2% and 7.6% during the Level II period compared with 2019. However, ozone did not show any reduction and increased greatly. Our results also show that even during the lockdown, with primary emissions reduction of 15%-61%, the daily average PM2.5 concentrations range between 15 and 79\u00a0\u03bcg\u00a0m-3, which shows that background and residual pollutions are still high. Source apportionment results indicate that the residual pollution of PM2.5 comes from industry (32.2-61.1%), mobile (3.9-8.1%), dust (2.6-7.7%), residential sources (2.1-28.5%) in YRD and 14.0-28.6% contribution from long-range transport coming from northern China. This indicates that in spite of the extreme reductions in primary emissions, it cannot fully tackle the current air pollution. Re-organisation of the energy and industrial strategy together with trans-regional joint-control for a full long-term air pollution plan need to be further taken into account."}, {"pmid": 32173241, "pmcid": "PMC7128959", "title": "Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Facts and myths.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lai, Chih-Cheng", "Liu, Yen Hung", "Wang, Cheng-Yi", "Wang, Ya-Hui", "Hsueh, Shun-Chung", "Yen, Muh-Yen", "Ko, Wen-Chien", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173241", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (formerly known as the 2019 novel coronavirus [2019-nCoV]) in Wuhan, China in December 2019, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), more than 75,000 cases have been reported in 32 countries/regions, resulting in more than 2000 deaths worldwide. Despite the fact that most COVID-19 cases and mortalities were reported in China, the WHO has declared this outbreak as the sixth public health emergency of international concern. The COVID-19 can present as an asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia. Adults represent the population with the highest infection rate; however, neonates, children, and elderly patients can also be infected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, nosocomial infection of hospitalized patients and healthcare workers, and viral transmission from asymptomatic carriers are possible. The most common finding on chest imaging among patients with pneumonia was ground-glass opacity with bilateral involvement. Severe cases are more likely to be older patients with underlying comorbidities compared to mild cases. Indeed, age and disease severity may be correlated with the outcomes of COVID-19. To date, effective treatment is lacking; however, clinical trials investigating the efficacy of several agents, including remdesivir and chloroquine, are underway in China. Currently, effective infection control intervention is the only way to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32387062, "pmcid": "PMC7181988", "title": "[SARS-CoV-2 and cancer in France: Resident in oncology on the front line. Testimony of residents in oncology in two French clusters: Grand-Est and Ile-de-France].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Delaye, Matthieu", "Naoun, Natacha", "Mailly-Giacchetti, Leah"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387062", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453691, "title": "A multimodal practical approach in a Transfusion Medicine Centre to face the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Blood Transfus", "authors": ["Granero, Valentino", "Manzini, Paola M", "Bordiga, Anna M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453691", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461213, "title": "Changing admission patterns in paediatric emergency departments during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Scaramuzza, Andrea", "Tagliaferri, Francesco", "Bonetti, Lorenza", "Soliani, Martina", "Morotti, Francesco", "Bellone, Simonetta", "Cavalli, Claudio", "Rabbone, Ivana"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461213", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491297, "title": "COVID-19 mortality rates in the European Union, Switzerland, and the UK: effect of timeliness, lockdown rigidity, and population density.", "journal": "Minerva Med", "authors": ["Gerli, Alberto G", "Centanni, Stefano", "Miozzo, Monica R", "Virchow, J Christian", "Sotgiu, Giovanni", "Canonica, G Walter", "Soriano, Joan B"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491297", "countries": ["Italy", "Germany", "Switzerland", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date the European experience with COVID-19 mortality has been different to the observed in China and Asia. We aimed to forecast mortality trends in the 27 countries of the European Union (EU), plus Switzerland and the United Kingdom (UK), where lockdown dates and confinement interventions have been heterogeneous, and to explore its determinants. We have adapted our predictive model of COVID-19-related mortality, which rested on the observed mortality within the first weeks of the outbreak and the date of the respective lockdown in each country. It was applied in a training set of three countries (Italy, Germany and Spain), and then applied to the EU plus the UK and Switzerland. In addition, we explored the effects of timeliness and rigidity of the lockdown (on a five-step scale) and population density in our forecasts. We report r2, and percent variation of expected versus observed deaths, all following TRIPOD guidance. We identified a homogeneous distribution of deaths, and found a median of 24 days after lockdown adoption to reach the maximum daily deaths. Strikingly, cumulative deaths up to April 25th, 2020 observed in Europe separated countries in three waves, according to the time lockdown measures were adopted following the onset of the outbreak: after a week, within a week, or even prior to the outbreak (r2=0.876). In contrast, no correlation neither with lockdown rigidity nor population density were observed. The European experience confirms that early, effective interventions of 86 lockdown are fundamental to minimizing the COVID-19 death toll."}, {"pmid": 32494042, "pmcid": "PMC7269419", "title": "Comment on: \"Controversies regarding mask usage in ophthalmic units in the United Kingdom during the COVID-19 pandemic\".", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Poostchi, Ali", "Kuet, Mong-Loon", "Richardson, Patrick S", "Patel, Moneesh K"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494042", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32119823, "pmcid": "PMC7159019", "title": "A family cluster of SARS-CoV-2 infection involving 11 patients in Nanjing, China.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Huang, Rui", "Xia, Juan", "Chen, Yuxin", "Shan, Chun", "Wu, Chao"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32119823", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238351, "title": "Socioeconomic gradient in health and the covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Chung, Roger Yat-Nork", "Dong, Dong", "Li, Minnie Ming"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238351", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269121, "title": "International Expansion of a Novel SARS-CoV-2 Mutant.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Minjin", "Li, Mengjiao", "Ren, Ruotong", "Li, Lifeng", "Chen, En-Qiang", "Li, Weimin", "Ying, Binwu"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269121", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423609, "pmcid": "PMC7252067", "title": "Cardiac arrest in a COVID-19 patient after receiving succinylcholine for tracheal reintubation.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Sigurdsson, Theodor S", "Thornorvaldsson, Asgeir P", "Asgeirsdottir, Sigrun", "Sigvaldason, Kristinn"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423609", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276002, "pmcid": "PMC7141461", "title": "Recommendations on cardiopulmonary resuscitation strategy and procedure for novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Song, Wei", "Liu, Yuanshui", "Ouyang, Yanhong", "Chen, Wenteng", "Li, Min", "Xianyu, Shuming", "Yi, Shengyang"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276002", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497168, "title": "On setting expectations for a SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Canaday, David H", "Gravenstein, Stefan"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497168", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global coronavirus pandemic is unlike any other since 1918. A century of dramatic medical advances has produced a public expectation that the medical field will rapidly provide solutions to restore normalcy. In under 6 months, since SARS-CoV-2 was identified, the massive international effort to develop a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has generated more than 140 vaccines in different stages of development with 9 already recruiting into clinical trials posted on clinicaltrials.gov. The long-term strategy to handle COVID-19 will almost certainly rely on vaccines. But, what type of protection can we realistically expect to achieve from vaccines and when?"}, {"pmid": 32221508, "title": "Tens of thousands of scientists are redeploying to fight coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Viglione, Giuliana"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221508", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212240, "pmcid": "PMC7166410", "title": "Disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Lillicrap, David"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212240", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283148, "pmcid": "PMC7151270", "title": "High-resolution computed tomographic imaging disclosing COVID-19 pneumonia: A powerful tool in diagnosis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Zili", "Shen, Yin", "Wang, Haijun", "Zhao, Lei", "Hu, Desheng"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283148", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32309816, "pmcid": "PMC7162635", "title": "Modified Routine Cardiac Imaging Surveillance of Adult Cancer Patients and Survivors during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JACC CardioOncol", "authors": ["Calvillo-Arguelles, Oscar", "Abdel-Qadir, Husam", "Ky, Bonnie", "Liu, Jennifer E", "Lopez-Mattei, Juan C", "Amir, Eitan", "Thavendiranathan, Paaladinesh"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309816", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358764, "pmcid": "PMC7194028", "title": "Regional anesthesia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a time to reconsider practices? (Letter #2).", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Aliste, Julian", "Altermatt, Fernando R", "Atton, Rous", "Bravo, Daneila", "Layera, Sebastian", "Miranda, Pablo", "Pesce, Italo"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427741, "title": "Pandemic Adaptive Measures in a Major Trauma Center: Coping With COVID-19.", "journal": "J Patient Saf", "authors": ["Sheridan, Gerard A", "Boran, Sinead", "Taylor, Colm", "O'Loughlin, Padhraig F", "Harty, James A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427741", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405693, "pmcid": "PMC7220809", "title": "Could ruxolitinib be effective in patients with COVID-19 infection at risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?", "journal": "Ann Hematol", "authors": ["Caocci, Giovanni", "La Nasa, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405693", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304371, "title": "[Public health literacy in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic emergency].", "journal": "Salud Publica Mex", "authors": ["Lazcano-Ponce, Eduardo", "Alpuche-Aranda, Celia"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304371", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health literacy is the process of obtaining knowledge, motivation and individual competencies to understand and access information, express opinions and make decisions with respect to health promotion and maintenance. This applies in different contexts, environments, and throughout life. This conceptual perspective is very necessary in the face of the SARS-CoV-2 virus emergency. This virus produces the Covid-19 disease, which has become a pandemic of devastating effects not only healthwise, but also, importantly, from an economic, political and social point of view. This essay seeks to establish the scientific evidence-based elements that guide public policies for prevention and control. Some of these elements are: a) epidemiologic intelligence. This includes not only the strategy of public surveillance, but also sentinel and event-based surveillance, as it is impossible to actually identify all positive cases; b) Mitigating measures against the spread of the epidemic, such as social distancing and hygiene, washing hands, quarantine, restricting movement and using masks, among others; c) Measures to suppress transmission when the number of cases is very high, such as strict measures to stay at home; d) strengthening health services 'capacity for medical attention and improving health services' ability to prevent transmission, including the use of diagnostic tests; e) the development of prophylactic vaccines against Covid-19, as well as the development of therapeutic agents. All of these actions must be rapidly implemented, from a multidisciplinary and multisectorial public health perspective, and they absolutely must also be taken with the community's participation as shared responsibility. Therefore, public health literacy is needed."}, {"pmid": 32161107, "title": "New coronavirus outbreak: Framing questions for pandemic prevention.", "journal": "Sci Transl Med", "authors": ["Layne, Scott P", "Hyman, James M", "Morens, David M", "Taubenberger, Jeffery K"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161107", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We need to understand and quantify the dominant variables that govern the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, rather than relying exclusively on confirmed cases and their geospatial spread."}, {"pmid": 32238896, "title": "My lab is closed to me because of the coronavirus. Here's how I'm planning to stay productive.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Su, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238896", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522556, "title": "The impact of asthma on mortality in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Lieberman-Cribbin, Wil", "Rapp, Joseph", "Alpert, Naomi", "Tuminello, Stephanie", "Taioli, Emanuela"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522556", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245830, "title": "Covid-19 worldwide: we need precise data by age group and sex urgently.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bhopal, Raj"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245830", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409297, "pmcid": "PMC7234867", "title": "How we treat patients with lung cancer during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Provencio, Mariano", "Ruano-Ravina, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409297", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504802, "pmcid": "PMC7271859", "title": "Optimizing high-yield production of SARS-CoV-2 soluble spike trimers for serology assays.", "journal": "Protein Expr Purif", "authors": ["Esposito, Dominic", "Mehalko, Jennifer", "Drew, Matthew", "Snead, Kelly", "Wall, Vanessa", "Taylor, Troy", "Frank, Peter", "Denson, John-Paul", "Hong, Min", "Gulten, Gulcin", "Sadtler, Kaitlyn", "Messing, Simon", "Gillette, William"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504802", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer is the primary antigen for several serology assays critical to determining the extent of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the population. Until stable cell lines are developed to increase the titer of this secreted protein in mammalian cell culture, the low yield of spike protein produced from transient transfection of HEK293\u00a0cells will be a limiting factor for these assays. To improve the yield of spike protein and support the high demand for antigens in serology assays, we investigated several recombinant protein expression variables by altering the incubation temperature, harvest time, chromatography strategy, and final protein manipulation. Through this investigation, we developed a simplified and robust purification strategy that consistently yields 5\u00a0mg of protein per liter of expression culture for two commonly used forms of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We show that these proteins form well-behaved stable trimers and are consistently functional in serology assays across multiple protein production lots."}, {"pmid": 32504529, "title": "Can the SARS-CoV-2 PCR Cycle Threshold Value and Time from Symptom Onset to Testing Predict Infectivity?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Binnicker, Matthew J"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504529", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380908, "title": "Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Treatment for Severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Stem Cells Dev", "authors": ["Sengupta, Vikram", "Sengupta, Sascha", "Lazo, Angel", "Woods, Peter", "Nolan, Anna", "Bremer, Nicholas"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380908", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This prospective nonrandomized open-label cohort study addresses the safety and efficacy of exosomes (ExoFlo\u2122) derived from allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as treatment for severe COVID-19. During April 2020, ExoFlo was provided to 24 SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction-positive patients at a single hospital center, all of whom met criteria for severe COVID-19 as well as moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Patients received a single 15\u2009mL intravenous dose of ExoFlo and were evaluated for both safety and efficacy from days 1 to 14 post-treatment. All safety endpoints were met with no adverse events observed within 72\u2009h of ExoFlo administration. A survival rate of 83% was observed. In total, 17 of 24 (71%) patients recovered, 3 of 24 (13%) patients remained critically ill though stable, and 4 of 24 (16%) patients expired for reasons unrelated to the treatment. Overall, after one treatment, patients' clinical status and oxygenation improved with an average pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2/FiO2) increase of 192% (P\u2009<\u20090.001). Laboratory values revealed significant improvements in absolute neutrophil count [mean reduction 32% (P value <0.001)] and lymphopenia with average CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocyte counts increasing by 46% (P\u2009<\u20090.05), 45% (P\u2009<\u20090.05), and 46% (P\u2009<\u20090.001), respectively. Likewise, acute phase reactants declined, with mean C-reactive protein, ferritin, and D-dimer reduction of 77% (P\u2009<\u20090.001), 43% (P\u2009<\u20090.001), and 42% (P\u2009<\u20090.05), respectively. In conclusion, owing to its safety profile, capacity to restore oxygenation, downregulate cytokine storm, and reconstitute immunity, ExoFlo is a promising therapeutic candidate for severe COVID-19. Future randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to determine ExoFlo therapeutic potential."}, {"pmid": 32417209, "pmcid": "PMC7224673", "title": "Thrombocytopenia and coagulation disorders due to COVID 19 infection with concomitant cardiovascular diseases requiring anti-platelet and anticoagulant therapy, which strategy?", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Buioni, Dario", "Nardi, Paolo", "Ruvolo, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417209", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332908, "title": "'Distancing is impossible': refugee camps race to avert coronavirus catastrophe.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Subbaraman, Nidhi"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332908", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521776, "title": "Studies of Novel Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Global Analysis of Literature.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Tran, Bach Xuan", "Ha, Giang Hai", "Nguyen, Long Hoang", "Vu, Giang Thu", "Hoang, Men Thi", "Le, Huong Thi", "Latkin, Carl A", "Ho, Cyrus S H", "Ho, Roger C M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521776", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a global threat to millions of lives. Enormous efforts in knowledge production have been made in the last few months, requiring a comprehensive analysis to examine the research gaps and to help guide an agenda for further studies. This study aims to explore the current research foci and their country variations regarding levels of income and COVID-19 transmission features. This textual analysis of 5780 publications extracted from the Web of Science, Medline, and Scopus databases was performed to explore the current research foci and propose further research agenda. The Latent Dirichlet allocation was used for topic modeling. Regression analysis was conducted to examine country variations in the research foci. Results indicate that publications are mainly contributed by the United States, China, and European countries. Guidelines for emergency care and surgical, viral pathogenesis, and global responses in the COVID-19 pandemic are the most common topics. There is variation in the research approaches to mitigate COVID-19 problems in countries with different income and transmission levels. Findings highlighted the need for global research collaborations among high- and low/middle-income countries in the different stages of pandemic prevention and control."}, {"pmid": 32430948, "title": "Breast cancer surgery under the shadow of COVID-19: Quest for optimal axillary management after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.", "journal": "Breast J", "authors": ["Tasdoven, Ilhan", "Karadeniz Cakmak, Guldeniz"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430948", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402416, "pmcid": "PMC7188646", "title": "Intestinal perforation in patient with COVID-19 infection treated with tocilizumab and corticosteroids. Report of a clinical case.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Gonzalvez Guardiola, Paula", "Diez Ares, Jose Angel", "Peris Tomas, Nuria", "Sebastian Tomas, Juan Carlos", "Navarro Martinez, Sergio"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402416", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292533, "pmcid": "PMC7144856", "title": "La chirurgie digestive urgente, victime collaterale de la crise du Covid-19?", "authors": ["Slim, K", "Veziant, J"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292533", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371611, "pmcid": "PMC7217128", "title": "Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score as a Predictor of Hospital Mortality in Patients of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Zou, Xiaojing", "Li, Shusheng", "Fang, Minghao", "Hu, Ming", "Bian, Yi", "Ling, Jianmin", "Yu, Shanshan", "Jing, Liang", "Li, Donghui", "Huang, Jiao"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371611", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 has emerged as a major global health threat with a great number of deaths in China. We aimed to assess the association between Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019, and to compare the predictive ability of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, Age 65 (CURB65) score. Retrospective observational cohort. Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. Confirmed patients with coronavirus disease 2019 hospitalized in the ICU of Tongji hospital from January 10, 2020, to February 10, 2020. None. Of 178 potentially eligible patients with symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019, 23 patients (12.92%) were diagnosed as suspected cases, and one patient (0.56%) suffered from cardiac arrest immediately after admission. Ultimately, 154 patients were enrolled in the analysis and 52 patients (33.77%) died. Mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (23.23 \u00b1 6.05) was much higher in deaths compared with the mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 10.87 \u00b1 4.40 in survivors (p < 0.001). Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was independently associated with hospital mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13). In predicting hospital mortality, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score demonstrated better discriminative ability (area under the curve, 0.966; 95% CI, 0.942-0.990) than Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (area under the curve, 0.867; 95% CI, 0.808-0.926) and CURB65 score (area under the curve, 0.844; 95% CI, 0.784-0.905). Based on the cut-off value of 17, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score could predict the death of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 with a sensitivity of 96.15% and a specificity of 86.27%. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the survivor probability of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score less than 17 was notably higher than that of patients with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score greater than or equal to 17 (p < 0.001). Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was an effective clinical tool to predict hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 compared with Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score and CURB65 score. Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score greater than or equal to 17 serves as an early warning indicator of death and may provide guidance to make further clinical decisions."}, {"pmid": 32504052, "title": "Seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M and G antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in China.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Xu, Xin", "Sun, Jian", "Nie, Sheng", "Li, Huiyuan", "Kong, Yaozhong", "Liang, Min", "Hou, Jinlin", "Huang, Xianzhong", "Li, Dongfeng", "Ma, Tean", "Peng, Jiaqing", "Gao, Shikui", "Shao, Yong", "Zhu, Hong", "Lau, Johnson Yiu-Nam", "Wang, Guangyu", "Xie, Chunbao", "Jiang, Li", "Huang, Ailong", "Yang, Zhenglin", "Zhang, Kang", "Hou, Fan Fan"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504052", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Detection of asymptomatic or subclinical novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical for understanding the overall prevalence and infection potential of COVID-19. To estimate the cumulative prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in China, we evaluated the host serologic response, measured by the levels of immunoglobulins M and G in 17,368 individuals, in the city of Wuhan, the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in China, and geographic regions in the country, during the period from 9 March 2020 to 10 April 2020. In our cohorts, the seropositivity in Wuhan varied between 3.2% and 3.8% in different subcohorts. Seroposivity progressively decreased in other cities as the distance to the epicenter increased. Patients who visited a hospital for maintenance hemodialysis and healthcare workers also had a higher seroprevalence of 3.3% (51 of 1,542, 2.5-4.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI)) and 1.8% (81 of 4,384, 1.5-2.3%, 95%\u2009CI), respectively. More studies are needed to determine whether these results are generalizable to other populations and geographic locations, as well as to determine at what rate seroprevalence is increasing with the progress of the COVID-19 pandemic. Serologic surveillance has the potential to provide a more faithful cumulative viral attack rate for the first season of this novel SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32247898, "pmcid": "PMC7270771", "title": "Unknown unknowns - COVID-19 and potential global mortality.", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Grech, Victor"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247898", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently a global pandemic. This paper will attempt to estimate global infection rates and potential resultant mortality in the absence of effective treatment and/or vaccination. Calculations are based on World Health Organisation data from Wuhan in China: 14% of infected cases are severe, 5% require intensive care and 4% die. Estimated infection rates and mortality rates at the level of continents and some individual countries (when these are of sufficient size) are tabulated. This pandemic may cause close to half a billion deaths, i.e. 6% of the global population - and potentially more. At the risk of sounding sensational, but with a sober sense of realism, healthcare risks being plunged into the Middle-Ages if the public do not do their part. Infection cannot occur in the absence of contact. The only way to mitigate these numbers is to apply social distancing and take the standard precautions so frequently reiterated by Public Health: hand washing, avoid touching the face and so on. These measures are crucial as the human cost is going to be unthinkable even in the best-case scenarios that epidemiologists are modelling."}, {"pmid": 32512134, "title": "Mental health status of medical staff in emergency departments during the Coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic in China.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Song, Xingyue", "Fu, Wenning", "Liu, Xiaoran", "Luo, Zhiqian", "Wang, Rixing", "Zhou, Ning", "Yan, Shijiao", "Lv, Chuanzhu"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512134", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergency department is considered to be a high-risk area, as it is often the first stop for febrile patients who are subsequently diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019. This study, which employed a cross-sectional design, aimed to assess the mental health of emergency department medical staff during the epidemic in China. Demographic data and mental health measurements were collected by electronic questionnaires from February 28, 2020 to March 18, 2020. A total of 14,825 doctors and nurses in 31 provinces of mainland China completed the survey. The prevalence rates of depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were 25.2% and 9.1%, respectively. Men were more likely to have depressive symptoms and PTSD than women. Those who were middle aged, worked for fewer years, had longer daily work time, and had lower levels of social support were at a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms and PTSD. Working in the Hubei province was associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms, while those working in the Hubei province but residing in another province had a lower risk of depressive symptoms and PTSD. Being a nurse was associated with a higher risk of PTSD. The findings suggest that targeted psychological interventions to promote the mental health of medical staff with psychological problems need to be immediately implemented. Special attention should be paid to local medical staff in Hubei."}, {"pmid": 32294815, "title": "[Clinical observation on increasing the positive rate of novel coronavirus nucleic acid tests by sputum excretion induced by nebulizer therapy].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, P", "Shao, F L", "Wang, G J"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294815", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282789, "pmcid": "PMC7174894", "title": "Public Health Interventions to Mitigate Early Spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Poland.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Pinkas, Jaroslaw", "Jankowski, Mateusz", "Szumowski, Lukasz", "Lusawa, Aleksandra", "Zgliczynski, Wojciech S", "Raciborski, Filip", "Wierzba, Waldemar", "Gujski, Mariusz"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282789", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed (1) to present public health interventions to mitigate the early spread of SARS-CoV-2 implemented in Poland between January 9 and March 29, 2020, and (2) to analyze the potential impact of these regulations on the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in Poland. All legal regulations published in the Journal of Laws between January 9 and March 29, 2020, were analyzed. Out of 406 legal regulations identified, 56 were related to the COVID-19 outbreak. Moreover, the official announcements published on the governmental websites dedicated to the coronavirus and health issues were analyzed. On March 4, Poland reported the first laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case. On March 9, Poland introduced border sanitary control. Six days after the first laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 case, all mass events in Poland were banned. All schools and universities were closed 8 days after the first COVID-19 case. All gastronomic facilities and sport and entertainment services were limited starting on March 14. Eleven days after the first COVID-19 case, controls at all Polish borders were introduced, and a ban on entry into Poland by foreigners (with some exemptions) was implemented. Starting on March 15, all citizens returning from abroad had to undergo compulsory 14 days self-quarantine. On March 20, a state of epidemic was announced, which resulted in new social distancing measures starting on March 25. In Poland, compared to other European countries, far-reaching solutions were implemented relatively early to reduce the spread of infection."}, {"pmid": 32474126, "pmcid": "PMC7256544", "title": "Evolution of clinical radiotherapy physics practice under COVID-19 constraints.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Khan, Rao", "Darafsheh, Arash", "Goharian, Mehran", "Cilla, Savino", "Eduardo Villarreal-Barajas, J"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474126", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 spread continues to challenge the societal and professional norms, radiotherapy around the globe is pushed into an unprecedented transformation. We will discuss how clinical physics has transformed to ascertain safety and quality standards across four facilities around the world through diversity of action, innovation, and scientific flexibility."}, {"pmid": 32396491, "title": "Early Impact of COVID-19 on the Conduct of Oncology Clinical Trials and Long-Term Opportunities for Transformation: Findings From an American Society of Clinical Oncology Survey.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Waterhouse, David M", "Harvey, R Donald", "Hurley, Patricia", "Levit, Laura A", "Kim, Edward S", "Klepin, Heidi D", "Mileham, Kathryn Finch", "Nowakowski, Grzegorz", "Schenkel, Caroline", "Davis, Courtney", "Bruinooge, Suanna S", "Schilsky, Richard L"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396491", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted all aspects of clinical care, including cancer clinical trials. In March 2020, ASCO launched a survey of clinical programs represented on its Cancer Research Committee and Research Community Forum Steering Group and taskforces to learn about the types of changes and challenges that clinical trial programs were experiencing early in the pandemic. There were 32 survey respondents; 14 represented academic programs, and 18 represented community-based programs. Respondents indicated that COVID-19 is leading programs to halt or prioritize screening and/or enrollment for certain clinical trials and cease research-only visits. Most reported conducting remote patient care where possible and remote visits and monitoring with sponsors and/or contract research organizations (CROs); respondents viewed this shift positively. Numerous challenges with conducting clinical trials were reported, including enrollment and protocol adherence difficulties with decreased patient visits, staffing constraints, and limited availability of ancillary services. Interactions with sponsors and CROs about modifying trial procedures were also challenging. The changes in clinical trial procedures identified by the survey could serve as strategies for other programs attempting to maintain their clinical trial portfolios during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, many of the adaptations to trials made during the pandemic provide a long-term opportunity to improve and transform the clinical trial system. Specific improvements could be expanded use of more pragmatic or streamlined trial designs, fewer clinical trial-related patient visits, and minimized sponsor and CRO visits to trial programs."}, {"pmid": 32333757, "pmcid": "PMC7188126", "title": "When Past Isn't a Prologue: Adapting Informatics Practice During a Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Kannampallil, Thomas G", "Foraker, Randi E", "Lai, Albert M", "Woeltje, Keith F", "Payne, Philip R O"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data and information technology are key to every aspect of our response to the current COVID-19 pandemic-from how we diagnose patients and deliver care, to the development of predictive models of disease spread, to the management of personnel and equipment. The increasing engagement of informaticians at the forefront of these efforts has been a fundamental shift: from an academic to an operational role. However, the past history of informatics as a scientific domain and an area of applied practice provides little guidance or prologue for the incredible challenges that we are now tasked with performing. Building upon our recent experiences, we present four critical lessons-learned that have helped shape our scalable, data-driven response to COVID-19. We describe each of these lessons within the context of specific solutions and strategies we applied in addressing the challenges that we faced."}, {"pmid": 32291196, "pmcid": "PMC7141546", "title": "Is low sodium intake a risk factor for severe and fatal COVID-19 infection?", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Post, Adrian", "Dullaart, Robin P F", "Bakker, Stephan J L"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291196", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277964, "pmcid": "PMC7194556", "title": "Sterilization of disposable face masks by means of standardized dry and steam sterilization processes; an alternative in the fight against mask shortages due to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["de Man, P", "van Straten, B", "van den Dobbelsteen, J", "van der Eijk, A", "Horeman, T", "Koeleman, H"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277964", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430459, "title": "Exploring Diseases/Traits and Blood Proteins Causally Related to Expression of ACE2, the Putative Receptor of SARS-CoV-2: A Mendelian Randomization Analysis Highlights Tentative Relevance of Diabetes-Related Traits.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Rao, Shitao", "Lau, Alexandria", "So, Hon-Cheong"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430459", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has become a major public health problem. There is good evidence that ACE2 is a receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and high expression of ACE2 may increase susceptibility to infection. We aimed to explore risk factors affecting susceptibility to infection and prioritize drug repositioning candidates, based on Mendelian randomization (MR) studies on ACE2 lung expression. We conducted a phenome-wide MR study to prioritize diseases/traits and blood proteins causally linked to ACE2 lung expression in GTEx. We also explored drug candidates whose targets overlapped with the top-ranked proteins in MR, as these drugs may alter ACE2 expression and may be clinically relevant. The most consistent finding was tentative evidence of an association between diabetes-related traits and increased ACE2 expression. Based on one of the largest genome-wide association studies on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to date (N = 898,130), T2DM was causally linked to raised ACE2 expression (P = 2.91E-03; MR-IVW). Significant associations (at nominal level; P < 0.05) with ACE2 expression were observed across multiple diabetes data sets and analytic methods for T1DM, T2DM, and related traits including early start of insulin. Other diseases/traits having nominal significant associations with increased expression included inflammatory bowel disease, (estrogen receptor-positive) breast cancer, lung cancer, asthma, smoking, and elevated alanine aminotransferase. We also identified drugs that may target the top-ranked proteins in MR, such as fostamatinib and zinc. Our analysis suggested that diabetes and related traits may increase ACE2 expression, which may influence susceptibility to infection (or more severe infection). However, none of these findings withstood rigorous multiple testing corrections (at false discovery rate <0.05). Proteome-wide MR analyses might help uncover mechanisms underlying ACE2 expression and guide drug repositioning. Further studies are required to verify our findings."}, {"pmid": 32404859, "title": "The Global Spine Community and COVID-19: Divided or United?", "journal": "Spine (Phila Pa 1976)", "authors": ["Louie, Philip K", "Harada, Garrett K", "McCarthy, Michael H", "Albert, Todd J", "An, Howard S", "Samartzis, Dino"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404859", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277169, "title": "Coronavirus diaries: hello from home.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tregoning, John"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277169", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474009, "pmcid": "PMC7256510", "title": "COVID-19: Transmission, prevention, and potential therapeutic opportunities.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Lotfi, Melika", "Hamblin, Michael R", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474009", "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), remains a global challenge. Despite intense research efforts worldwide, an effective vaccine and viable treatment options have eluded investigators. Therefore, infection prevention, early viral detection and identification of successful treatment protocols provide the best approach in controlling disease spread. In this review, current therapeutic options, preventive methods and transmission routes of COVID-19 are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32271456, "title": "Clinical efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Ye, X-T", "Luo, Y-L", "Xia, S-C", "Sun, Q-F", "Ding, J-G", "Zhou, Y", "Chen, W", "Wang, X-F", "Zhang, W-W", "Du, W-J", "Ruan, Z-W", "Hong, L"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271456", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which outbroke in December 2019 is highly contagious with a low cure rate. In view of this, there is an urgent need to find a more appropriate therapeutic scheme against COVID-19. The study aimed to investigate whether lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in combination with other pneumonia-associated adjuvant drugs has a better therapeutic effect on COVID-19. Totally 47 patients with COVID-19 infection who were admitted to Rui'an People's Hospital between January 22 and January 29, 2020 were collected. The patients were divided into the test group and the control group according to whether they had been treated with LPV/r or not during hospitalization. Patients in the test group were treated with LPV/r combined with adjuvant medicine, while those in the control group were just treated with adjuvant medicine. The changes of body temperature, blood routine and blood biochemistry between the two groups were observed and compared. Both groups achieved good therapeutic effect with the body temperature of patients decreased gradually from admission to the 10th day of treatment. But the body temperature of patients in the test group decreased faster than that of the control group. Blood routine indexes showed that compared with the control group, the abnormal proportion of white blood cells, lymphocytes and C-reactive protein of the test group could be reduced to some extent. Blood biochemical indexes exhibited that the proportion of patients with abnormal alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the test group were lower than the control group. The number of days for nCoV-RNA turning negative after treatment was significantly decreased in the test group than that in the control group. Compared with the treatment of pneumonia-associated adjuvant drugs alone, the combination treatment with LPV/r and adjuvant drugs has a more evident therapeutic effect in lowering the body temperature and restoring normal physiological mechanisms with no evident toxic and side effects. In view of these conclusions, we suggested that the use of LPV/r combined with pneumonia-associated adjuvant drugs in the clinical treatment for patients with COVID-19 should be promoted."}, {"pmid": 32525373, "title": "When time falls apart: The public health implications of distorted time perception in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Holman, E Alison", "Grisham, Emma L"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525373", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Collective trauma, like the COVID-19 pandemic, can dramatically alter how we perceive time and view our futures. Indeed, the pandemic has challenged us to cope with an ambiguous, invisible threat that has changed our way of life and made our futures, both near and far, less certain. In this commentary, we review existing literature on time perception in the context of stress and trauma and discuss its implications for mental health and well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32404898, "pmcid": "PMC7220586", "title": "Diabetes and COVID-19: evidence, current status and unanswered research questions.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Gupta, Ritesh", "Hussain, Akhtar", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404898", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with diabetes who get coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at risk of a severe disease course and mortality. Several factors especially the impaired immune response, heightened inflammatory response and hypercoagulable state contribute to the increased disease severity. However, there are many contentious issues about which the evidence is rather limited. There are some theoretical concerns about the effects of different anti-hyperglycaemic drugs. Similarly, despite the recognition of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), and the role of ACE2 in lung injury; there are conflicting results with the use of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) in these patients. Management of patients with diabetes in times of restrictions on mobility poses some challenges and novel approaches like telemedicine can be useful. There is a need to further study the natural course of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes and to understand the individual, regional and ethnic variations in disease prevalence and course."}, {"pmid": 32447443, "pmcid": "PMC7245166", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on urological emergencies: a single-center experience.", "journal": "World J Urol", "authors": ["Motterle, Giovanni", "Morlacco, Alessandro", "Iafrate, Massimo", "Bianco, Marta", "Federa, Giuliano", "Xhafka, Orest", "Zattoni, Filiberto", "Prayer-Galetti, Tommaso"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447443", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic represents a novel challenge for healthcare systems, and it affects even the daily urological practice. Italy was the first country after China to experience a lock-down period. Our objective is to determine whether, during the COVID-19 period, there has been any modification in urological emergencies. we retrospectively reviewed urgent urological consultations requested by the Emergency Department (ED) of Padua University Hospital in the 36-day period between February 22nd and March 30th, 2020 and compared them to the prior year cases within a similar time frame (February 24th to March 31st, 2019). Pediatric population (age\u2009<\u200915\u00a0years); surgical complications and traumas were excluded to avoid confounding from the reduction of activities during the lockdown. The number of daily consultations, the number of invasive procedures performed and admissions were evaluated, together with the predictors of admission were identified through multivariate logistic regression models. The final sample resulted in 107 consultations performed in 2020 and 266 in 2019. A higher number of daily consultations was performed during 2019 (7.33 vs 2.97, p\u2009<\u20090.001). Similarly, the number of daily-invasive procedures was higher in 2019 (p\u2009=\u20090.006), while there was no difference in the number of daily admissions (15 vs 12, p\u2009=\u20090.80). On multivariate analysis, the year (2020 vs 2019, OR 2.714, 95% CI 1.096-6.757, p\u2009=\u20090.0297) was a significant predictor of admission. Urgent urology practice was affected during COVID-19 pandemic with a remarkable reduction in urgent urological consultations; furthermore, a higher risk of admissions was observed in 2020. The consequences of a potentially delayed diagnosis remain to be determined."}, {"pmid": 32360941, "pmcid": "PMC7192078", "title": "Effective Reproductive Number estimation for initial stage of COVID-19 pandemic in Latin American Countries.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Caicedo-Ochoa, Yaset", "Rebellon-Sanchez, David E", "Penaloza-Rallon, Marcela", "Cortes-Motta, Hector F", "Mendez-Fandino, Yardany R"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360941", "countries": ["Italy", "Colombia", "Peru", "Brazil", "Chile", "Spain", "Mexico", "Ecuador", "Panama"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become pandemic and turn in a challenge for Latin America. Understanding the dynamics of the epidemic is essential for decision making, and to reduce the health, economic, and social impacts of the pandemic. The present study aimed to estimate the effective reproductive number (Rt) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2) infection during the first 10 days of the outbreak in seven Latin American countries with the highest incidence of cases as of March 23, 2020. Furthermore, we chose to compare the seven countries with Spain and Italy given their history with the virus. Incidence data retrieved from the COVID-19 data repository by Johns Hopkins University were analyzed. The Rt was calculated for the first 10 days of the epidemic in Brazil, Ecuador, Chile, Colombia, Panama, Mexico, and Peru. Rt estimations were compared with Spain and Italy values for the same interval. The median Rt for the first 10 days of the COVID-19 epidemic were 2.90 (2.67-3.14) for Spain and 2.83 (2.7-2.96) for Italy. Latin American Rt estimations were higher in Ecuador (3.95(3.7-4.21)), Panama (3.95(3.7-4.21)), and Brazil (3.95(3.7-4.21)). The smallest one was observed in Peru (2.36(2.11-2.63)). All Latin American countries had Rt greater than 2. The initial stages of the COVID-19 epidemic in Latin America suggested a high Rt. Interventions such as domestic and international travel restrictions, educational institutions closure, social distancing, and intensified case surveillance should be adopted to prevent the collapse of the health systems."}, {"pmid": 32358808, "pmcid": "PMC7267421", "title": "COVID-19 epidemic: Skin protection for health care workers must not be ignored.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Zhang, Bin", "Zhai, Ruijie", "Ma, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358808", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since first reported in 2019, pneumonia associated with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly developed into an outbreak across the world.1 Number of the patients of all age groups has increased significantly.2 In order to curb the spread of the epidemic, thousands of health care workers (HCWs) have joined the front line of the fight against this highly contagious disease.3 When taking care of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, HCWs must first protect themselves by performing adequate hand hygiene and using protective equipment including medical mask, goggles/face shield, gown and gloves.4 However, the wearing of these personal protective equipment (PPE) on a daily basis and the frequent use of hand disinfectants often cause skin problems which could reduce their enthusiasm for overloaded work and make them anxious at all stages of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32416017, "title": "Nursing Education After COVID-19: Same or Different?", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Morin, Karen H"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416017", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the advent of Covid-19 has required nurse faculty be innovative, flexible, nimble, and agile, there have been challenges. For example, faculty have had to move in-person classes online; conceptualize and offer alternative clinical experiences; and re-define how student performance is evaluated and graded. When we look back on this experience, what will faculty have learned from these experiences, and what are possible changes arising from these learnings?"}, {"pmid": 32074550, "title": "Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Gao, Jianjun", "Tian, Zhenxue", "Yang, Xu"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32074550", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is spreading rapidly, and scientists are endeavoring to discover drugs for its efficacious treatment in China. Chloroquine phosphate, an old drug for treatment of malaria, is shown to have apparent efficacy and acceptable safety against COVID-19 associated pneumonia in multicenter clinical trials conducted in China. The drug is recommended to be included in the next version of the Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Pneumonia Caused by COVID-19 issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China for treatment of COVID-19 infection in larger populations in the future."}, {"pmid": 32133159, "pmcid": "PMC7035340", "title": "Potential benefits of precise corticosteroids therapy for severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia.", "journal": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "authors": ["Zhou, Wei", "Liu, Yisi", "Tian, Dongdong", "Wang, Cheng", "Wang, Sa", "Cheng, Jing", "Hu, Ming", "Fang, Minghao", "Gao, Yue"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133159", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32238354, "title": "Covid-19: death rate is 0.66% and increases with age, study estimates.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238354", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199075, "pmcid": "PMC7271261", "title": "Health security capacities in the context of COVID-19 outbreak: an analysis of International Health Regulations annual report data from 182 countries.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Kandel, Nirmal", "Chungong, Stella", "Omaar, Abbas", "Xing, Jun"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health measures to prevent, detect, and respond to events are essential to control public health risks, including infectious disease outbreaks, as highlighted in the International Health Regulations (IHR). In light of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), we aimed to review existing health security capacities against public health risks and events. We used 18 indicators from the IHR State Party Annual Reporting (SPAR) tool and associated data from national SPAR reports to develop five indices: (1) prevent, (2) detect, (3) respond, (4) enabling function, and (5) operational readiness. We used SPAR 2018 data for all of the indicators and categorised countries into five levels across the indices, in which level 1 indicated the lowest level of national capacity and level 5 the highest. We also analysed data at the regional level (using the six geographical WHO regions). Of 182 countries, 52 (28%) had prevent capacities at levels 1 or 2, and 60 (33%) had response capacities at levels 1 or 2. 81 (45%) countries had prevent capacities and 78 (43%) had response capacities at levels 4 or 5, indicating that these countries were operationally ready. 138 (76%) countries scored more highly in the detect index than in the other indices. 44 (24%) countries did not have an effective enabling function for public health risks and events, including infectious disease outbreaks (7 [4%] at level 1 and 37 [20%] at level 2). 102 (56%) countries had level 4 or level 5 enabling function capacities in place. 32 (18%) countries had low readiness (2 [1%] at level 1 and 30 [17%] at level 2), and 104 (57%) countries were operationally ready to prevent, detect, and control an outbreak of a novel infectious disease (66 [36%] at level 4 and 38 [21%] at level 5). Countries vary widely in terms of their capacity to prevent, detect, and respond to outbreaks. Half of all countries analysed have strong operational readiness capacities in place, which suggests that an effective response to potential health emergencies could be enabled, including to COVID-19. Findings from local risk assessments are needed to fully understand national readiness capacities in relation to COVID-19. Capacity building and collaboration between countries are needed to strengthen global readiness for outbreak control. None."}, {"pmid": 32407551, "title": "Interrogation of safety and efficacy of home-use light-based devices.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Ali, F R", "Al-Niaimi, F"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407551", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with interest the short paper describing, and commend the authors on sharing their experience the continued use of phototherapy in COVID-19 affected Italy. Phototherapy is undoubtedly a long-established, relatively safe means of reducing the burden of inflammatory skin disease avoiding large doses of immunosuppression. Home phototherapy devices and services have a long-established use in many countries throughout the world, as described in previous issues of this journal."}, {"pmid": 32423970, "title": "Storm, typhoon, cyclone or hurricane in patients with COVID-19? Beware of the same storm that has a different origin.", "journal": "RMD Open", "authors": ["Alunno, Alessia", "Carubbi, Francesco", "Rodriguez-Carrio, Javier"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423970", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some of the articles being published during the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 pandemic highlight a link between severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the so-called cytokine storm, also with increased ferritin levels. However, this scenario is more complex than initially thought due to the heterogeneity of hyperinflammation. Some patients with coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) develop a fully blown secondary haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), whereas others, despite a consistent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, do not fulfil sHLH criteria but still show some features resembling the phenotype of the hyperferritinemic syndrome. Despite the final event (the cytokine storm) is shared by various conditions leading to sHLH, the aetiology, either infectious, autoimmune or neoplastic, accounts for the differences in the various phases of this process. Moreover, the evidence of a hyperinflammatory microenvironment provided the rationale to employ immunomodulating agents for therapeutic purposes in severe COVID-19. This viewpoint aims at discussing the pitfalls and issues to be considered with regard to the use of immunomodulating agents in COVID-19, such as timing of treatment based on the viral load and the extent of cytokine/ferritin overexpression. Furthermore, it encompasses recent findings in the paediatric field about a novel multisystem inflammatory disease resembling toxic shock syndrome and atypical Kawasaki disease observed in children with proven SARS-CoV2 infection. Finally, it includes arguments in favour of adding COVID-19 to the spectrum of the recently defined 'hyperferritinemic syndrome', which already includes adult-onset Still's disease, macrophage activation syndrome, septic shock and catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome."}, {"pmid": 32407797, "pmcid": "PMC7214309", "title": "Today's actions shape tomorrow's world: is the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) eroding our privacy?", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Abbas, Abdul-Rahman", "Alsafi, Zaid", "Rahman, Adil", "Syed, Sabeeh"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407797", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202513, "pmcid": "PMC7190969", "title": "Changing the editorial process at JCI and JCI Insight in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Ahima, Rexford S", "Jackson, Sarah", "Casadevall, Arturo", "Semenza, Gregg L", "Tomaselli, Gordon", "Collins, Kathleen L", "Lieberman, Andrew P", "Martin, Donna M", "Reddy, Pavan"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202513", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The editors of JCI and JCI Insight are revisiting our editorial processes in light of the strain that the COVID-19 pandemic places on the worldwide scientific community. Here, we discuss adjustments to our decision framework in light of restrictions placed on laboratory working conditions for many of our authors."}, {"pmid": 32480154, "title": "Medical mask versus cotton mask for preventing respiratory droplet transmission in micro environments.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ho, Kin-Fai", "Lin, Lian-Yu", "Weng, Shao-Ping", "Chuang, Kai-Jen"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480154", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The objective of this study was to investigate whether cotton mask worn by respiratory infection person could suppress respiratory droplet levels compared to medical mask. We recruited adult volunteers with confirmed influenza and suspected cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to wear medical masks and self-designed triple-layer cotton masks in a regular bedroom and a car with air conditioning. Four 1-hour repeated measurements (two measurements for bedroom the others for car) of particles with a size range of 20-1000\u00a0nm measured by number concentrations (NC0.02-1), temperature and relatively humidity, and cough/sneeze counts per hour were conducted for each volunteer. The paired t-tests were used for within-group comparisons in a bedroom and in a car. The results showed that there was no significant difference in NC0.02-1 or cough/sneeze counts between volunteers with medical masks and cotton masks in a bedroom or a car. We concluded that the cotton mask could be a potential substitute for medical mask for respiratory infection person in microenvironment with air conditioning. Healthy people may daily use cotton mask in the community since cotton mask is washable and reusable."}, {"pmid": 32523963, "pmcid": "PMC7261967", "title": "Pulmonary embolism: yet another cause of hypoxaemic respiratory failure in COVID-19.", "journal": "ERJ Open Res", "authors": ["Nieri, Dario", "Lenzini, Giulia", "Canari Venturi, Barbara", "Celi, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523963", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pulmonary embolism represents an overlooked cause of worsening respiratory failure in COVID-19. A regular bedside evaluation for atypical features like pleuritic chest pain or pleural effusion could help identify suspected cases for appropriate management. https://bit.ly/3bbBPqZ."}, {"pmid": 32511946, "title": "The no-test abortion is a patient-centered abortion.", "journal": "Contraception", "authors": ["Fay, Kathryn", "Kasier, Jennifer", "Turok, David"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511946", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311181, "pmcid": "PMC7264628", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: What can saliva tell us?", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Henrique Braz-Silva, Paulo", "Pallos, Debora", "Giannecchini, Simone", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311181", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265205, "title": "Covid-19: doctors still do not have #properPPE.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265205", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525388, "title": "Caring for patients with posttraumatic stress and substance use disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Banducci, Anne N", "Weiss, Nicole H"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525388", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although COVID-19 is a physical illness, it has had large impacts on mental health. For many individuals, social distancing has led to social isolation; individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorders are at a particular risk for negative outcomes due to the global pandemic. Here, we discuss the impacts we have noticed and procedures we have implemented to care for this population during the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32271601, "title": "Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Huang, Xiaoyi", "Wei, Fengxiang", "Hu, Liang", "Wen, Lijuan", "Chen, Ken"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271601", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, there has been an outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in Wuhan, China. Meanwhile, the outbreak also drew attention and concern from the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 is another human infectious disease caused by coronavirus. The transmission of COVID-19 is potent and the infection rate is fast. Since there is no specific drug for COVID-19, the treatment is mainly symptomatic supportive therapy. In addition, it should be pointed out that patients with severe illness need more aggressive treatment and meticulous care. Recently, accurate RNA detection has been decisive for the diagnosis of COVID-19. The development of highly sensitive RT-PCR has facilitated epidemiological studies that provide insight into the prevalence, seasonality, clinical manifestations and course of COVID-19 infection. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology and characteristics of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32389157, "title": "Effect of ambient air pollutants and meteorological variables on COVID-19 incidence.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Jiang, Ying", "Wu, Xiao-Jun", "Guan, Yan-Jun"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389157", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To understand whether ambient air pollutants and meteorological variables are associated with daily COVID-19 incidence. A retrospective cohort during Jan 25th to Feb 29th in 2020. City of Wuhan, XiaoGan and HuangGang. The COVID-19 incidence per day. We collected daily data of COVID-19 incidence, eight ambient air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, CO, NO2, and O3-8h) and three meteorological variables (temperature, relative humidity and wind level) in China's three worst COVID-19 hit cities during the study period. The multivariate Poisson regression was performed to understand their correlation. Our data showed that daily COVID-19 incidence was positively associated with PM2.5 and humidity in all cities. Specifically, the relative risk (RR) of PM2.5 was 1.036 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.032 -1.039), 1.059 (95% CL, 1.046 - 1.072) and 1.144 (95% CL, 1.12 - 1.169) for COVID-19 incidence per day in Wuhan, XiaoGan and HuangGang, respectively. The RR of humidity was constantly lower than that of PM2.5, whose difference ranged from 0.027 to 0.111. Moreover, PM10 and temperature also exhibited a notable correlation with daily COVID-19 incidence, but in a negative pattern The RR of PM10 raged from 0.915 (95% CL, 0.896 - 0.934) to 0.961 (95% CL, 0.95 - 0.972) while that of temperature was 0.738 (95% CL, 0.717 - 0.759) to 0.969 (95% CL, 0.966 - 0.973). Our data suggested that PM2.5/humidity and PM10/temperature could substantially increase and decrease the risk of COVID-19 incidence, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32228808, "title": "Policy Decisions and Use of Information Technology to Fight 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease, Taiwan.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lin, Cheryl", "Braund, Wendy E", "Auerbach, John", "Chou, Jih-Haw", "Teng, Ju-Hsiu", "Tu, Pikuei", "Mullen, Jewel"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228808", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Because of its proximity to and frequent travelers to and from China, Taiwan faces complex challenges in preventing 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). As soon as China reported the unidentified outbreak to the World Health Organization on December 31, 2019, Taiwan assembled a taskforce and began health checks onboard flights from Wuhan. Taiwan's rapid implementation of disease prevention measures helped detect and isolate the country's first COVID-19 case on January 20, 2020. Laboratories in Taiwan developed 4-hour test kits and isolated 2 strains of the coronavirus before February. Taiwan effectively delayed and contained community transmission by leveraging experience from the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak, prevalent public awareness, a robust public health network, support from healthcare industries, cross-departmental collaborations, and advanced information technology capacity. We analyze use of the National Health Insurance database and critical policy decisions made by Taiwan's government during the first 50 days of the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32334933, "pmcid": "PMC7174164", "title": "Contact lens wear during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cont Lens Anterior Eye", "authors": ["Morgan, Philip B"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334933", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333961, "pmcid": "PMC7175858", "title": "Family-Centered Care During the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Hart, Joanna L", "Turnbull, Alison E", "Oppenheim, Ian M", "Courtright, Katherine R"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333961", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Family support is more, not less, important during crisis. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, maintaining public safety necessitates restricting the physical presence of families for hospitalized patients. In response, health systems must rapidly adapt family-centric procedures and tools to circumvent restrictions on physical presence. Strategies for maintaining family integrity must acknowledge clinicians' limited time and attention to devote to learning new skills. Internet-based solutions can facilitate the routine, predictable, and structured communication, which is central to family-centered care. But the reliance on technology may compromise patient privacy and exacerbate racial, socioeconomic, and geographic disparities for populations that lack access to reliable internet access, devices, or technological literacy. We provide a toolbox of strategies for supporting family-centered inpatient care during physical distancing responsive to the current clinical climate. Innovations in the implementation of family involvement during hospitalizations may lead to long-term progress in the delivery of family-centered care."}, {"pmid": 32441770, "title": "A Hospital Partnership with a Nursing Home Experiencing a COVID-19 Outbreak: Description of a Multi-Phase Emergency Response in Toronto, Canada.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Stall, Nathan M", "Farquharson, Carolyn", "Fan-Lun, Chris", "Wiesenfeld, Lesley", "Loftus, Carla A", "Kain, Dylan", "Johnstone, Jennie", "McCreight, Liz", "Goldman, Russell D", "Mahtani, Ramona"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441770", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nursing homes have become \"ground zero\" for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in North America, with homes experiencing widespread outbreaks, resulting in severe morbidity and mortality among their residents. This article describes a 371-bed acute-care hospital's emergency response to a 126-bed nursing home experiencing a COVID-19 outbreak in Toronto, Canada. Like other healthcare system responses to COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing homes, this hospital-nursing home partnership can be characterized in several phases: (1) engagement, relationship, and trust building; (2) environmental scan, team building, and immediate response; (3) early-phase response; and (4) stabilization and transition period."}, {"pmid": 32470627, "pmcid": "PMC7248630", "title": "COVID-19 treatments, QT interval and arrhythmic risk: the need for an international Registry on Arrhythmias.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Crotti, Lia", "Arbelo, Elena"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470627", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250094, "title": "Gastrointestinal symptoms as the first, atypical indication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Pazgan-Simon, Monika", "Rorat, Marta", "Buczynska, Iwona", "Zinczuk, Aleksander", "Simon, Krzysztof"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250094", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470841, "pmcid": "PMC7250553", "title": "Transference of COVID-19 patient in hospitals - A crucial phase.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kapoor, Indu", "Prabhakar, Hemanshu", "Mahajan, Charu"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470841", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377399, "pmcid": "PMC7193619", "title": "COVID-19 vaccines: breaking record times to first-in-human trials.", "journal": "NPJ Vaccines", "authors": ["Kim, Young Chan", "Dema, Barbara", "Reyes-Sandoval, Arturo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377399", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The twenty-first century has come with a new era in vaccinology, in which recombinant genetic technology has contributed to setting an unprecedented fast pace in vaccine development, clearly demonstrated during the recent COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32377057, "pmcid": "PMC7199684", "title": "Emerging technologies to combat COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Exp Hepatol", "authors": ["Vaishya, Raju", "Haleem, Abid", "Vaish, Abhishek", "Javaid, Mohd"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377057", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32160684, "title": "Audio Interview: Making Decisions about Covid-19 Testing and Treatment for Your Patients.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160684", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32129925, "pmcid": "PMC7228268", "title": "Uncertainties about the transmission routes of 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Influenza Other Respir Viruses", "authors": ["Han, Qingmei", "Lin, Qingqing", "Ni, Zuowei", "You, Liangshun"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32129925", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315874, "pmcid": "PMC7158831", "title": "Lessons learned from 9/11: Mental health perspectives on the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["DePierro, Jonathan", "Lowe, Sandra", "Katz, Craig"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315874", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic will likely lead to high rates of PTSD, depression, and substance misuse among survivors, victims' families, medical workers, and other essential personnel. The mental health response to the 9/11/01 terrorist attacks, culminating in a federally-funded health program, provides a template for how providers may serve affected individuals. Drawing on the 9/11 experience, we highlight effective prevention measures, likely short and long-term treatment needs, vulnerable subgroups, and important points of divergence between 9/11 and the COVID-19 pandemic. Mental health monitoring, early identification of at-risk individuals, and treatment irrespective of financial barriers are essential for minimizing chronic distress."}, {"pmid": 32347618, "pmcid": "PMC7235476", "title": "Which dermatology patients attend to Dermatology Outpatient Clinics during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Turkey and what happened to them?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Cengiz, Fatma Pelin", "Emiroglu, Nazan", "Bahali, Anil Gulsel", "Dizman, Didem", "Taslidere, Nazan", "Akarslan, Tahsin Cagdas", "Gunes, Begum", "Mert, Omer", "Kucuk, Ozlem Su", "Onsun, Nahide"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347618", "countries": ["China", "Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease, first emerged in Wuhan, rapidly spread all over the world since December 2019. There are concerns about elective dermatology appointments and its results. Herein, we aimed to find out which type of dermatologic patients attended to dermatology outpatient clinic. The patients visiting the clinics for elective dermatologic diseases between March 11 and 18, 2020, were included in this study. Their age, sex, diagnosis of disease, requirement for emergent intervention, and their medical records about COVID-19 were obtained. There were 390 patients attending to the dermatology outpatient clinic in this period. The most common disease was acne (N: 94, 24%), only 19% of patients need emergent interventions or dose adjustment. There were 40 (10%) patients over the age of 65. After their visits, five patients were diagnosed as COVID-19 in 2weeks. Dermatologic examinations may be a vector for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission since being closed to the patient. Five of our patients were diagnosed as COVID-19 after their elective visit to hospital. Since the asymptomatic course of some young patients, most of our patients were not screened for COVID-19. Our findings support the concerns of elective physician examinations."}, {"pmid": 32496102, "title": "Commentary on the coronavirus pandemic: Anticipating a fourth wave in the opioid epidemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["McCann Pineo, Molly", "Schwartz, Rebecca M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496102", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Experiencing the COVID-19 pandemic simultaneously with the U.S. opioid epidemic is anticipated to have a profound mental health impact on some of our most vulnerable populations. Recent federal and state regulatory changes have been made under the state of emergency in order to ameliorate the some of the challenges faced in maintaining access to substance use and addiction services during such times. There are currently considerable limitations in quantifying the impact of COVID-19 among those with substance use disorders, however, it is imperative that health care systems continue to serve this population in order to prevent associated morbidity and mortality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32348051, "title": "[Anosmia and COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Reinhard, Antoine", "Ikonomidis, Christos", "Broome, Martin", "Gorostidi, Francois"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348051", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Anosmia associated or not with dysgeusia seems to be a frequent symptom in cases of infection with SARS-CoV-2 responsible for COVID-19. It can be the initial symptom of the disease or remain isolated in pauci-symptomatic patients. Waiting for scientific confirmation and in the context of the current pandemic, it seems essential to consider any patient with a new anosmia as being infected with SARS-CoV-2 until proven otherwise. These patients should therefore isolate themselves and remain alert to the occurrence of other symptoms suggestive of the infection and/or be tested. Topical and systemic corticosteroids and nose washes are contraindicated. The natural course of anosmia seems to be favorable in most cases."}, {"pmid": 32165426, "title": "Covid-19: WHO declares pandemic because of \"alarming levels\" of spread, severity, and inaction.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165426", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385047, "pmcid": "PMC7228484", "title": "Off the back burner: diverse and gender-inclusive decision-making for COVID-19 response and recovery.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Bali, Sulzhan", "Dhatt, Roopa", "Lal, Arush", "Jama, Amina", "Van Daalen, Kim", "Sridhar, Devi"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385047", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484901, "title": "Re The source of elevated plasma D-dimer levels in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Hunt, Beverley J", "Levi, Marcel"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484901", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Markedly elevated levels D-dimers are seen in severe COVID-19 infection and have been related to a poor prognosis 1-2 . D-dimers are elevated alongside other acute inflammatory plasma markers such as fibrinogen, CRP and serum ferritin 1 . The elevation of plasma D-dimers has been taken to indicate there is a coagulopathy2 , and the assumption has been made that the increased fibrinolysis is secondary (due to thrombin generation) indeed an indication of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)."}, {"pmid": 32436105, "pmcid": "PMC7238403", "title": "Stroke in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: case series.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Morassi, Mauro", "Bagatto, Daniele", "Cobelli, Milena", "D'Agostini, Serena", "Gigli, Gian Luigi", "Bna, Claudio", "Vogrig, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436105", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is one of the most affected countries by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The responsible pathogen is named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia, leading to intensive care unit admission. Evidence of cerebrovascular complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 is limited. We herein report six patients who developed acute stroke during COVID-19 infection. A retrospective case series of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 using reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on nasopharyngeal swabs, who developed clinical and neuroimaging evidence of acute stroke during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Six patients were identified (5 men); median age was 69\u00a0years (range 57-82). Stroke subtypes were ischemic (4, 67%) and hemorrhagic (2, 33%). All patients but one had pre-existing vascular risk factors. One patient developed encephalopathy prior to stroke, characterized by focal seizures and behavioral abnormalities. COVID-19-related pneumonia was severe (i.e., requiring critical care support) in 5/6 cases (83%). Liver enzyme alteration and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) elevation were registered in all cases. Four patients (67%) manifested acute kidney failure prior to stroke. Four patients (67%) had abnormal coagulation tests. The outcome was poor in the majority of the patients: five died (83%) and the remaining one (17%) remained severely neurologically affected (mRS: 4). Both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke can complicate the course of COVI-19 infection. In our series, stroke developed mostly in patients with severe pneumonia and multiorgan failure, liver enzymes and LDH were markedly increased in all cases, and the outcome was poor."}, {"pmid": 32433453, "title": "Clinical Findings and Disease Severity in Hospitalized Pregnant Women With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Savasi, Valeria M", "Parisi, Francesca", "Patane, Luisa", "Ferrazzi, Enrico", "Frigerio, Luigi", "Pellegrino, Antonio", "Spinillo, Arsenio", "Tateo, Saverio", "Ottoboni, Mariacristina", "Veronese, Paola", "Petraglia, Felice", "Vergani, Patrizia", "Facchinetti, Fabio", "Spazzini, Donata", "Cetin, Irene"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433453", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the clinical evolution of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalized pregnant women and potential factors associated with severe maternal outcomes. We designed a prospective multicenter cohort study of pregnant women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection who were admitted to 12 Italian maternity hospitals between February 23 and March 28, 2020. Clinical records, laboratory and radiologic examinations, and pregnancy outcomes were collected. A subgroup of patients with severe disease was identified based on intensive care unit (ICU) admission, delivery for respiratory compromise, or both. Seventy-seven patients were included, 14 of whom had severe disease (18%). Two thirds of the patients in the cohort were admitted during the third trimester, and 84% were symptomatic on admission. Eleven patients underwent urgent delivery for respiratory compromise (16%), and six were admitted to the ICU (8%). One woman received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; no deaths occurred. Preterm delivery occurred in 12% of patients, and nine newborns were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. Patients in the severe subgroup had significantly higher pregestational body mass indexes (BMIs) and heart and respiratory rates and a greater frequency of fever or dyspnea on admission compared with women with a nonsevere disease evolution. In our cohort, one in five women hospitalized with COVID-19 infection delivered urgently for respiratory compromise or were admitted to the ICU. None, however, died. Increased pregestational BMI and abnormal heart and respiratory rates on admission were associated with severe disease."}, {"pmid": 32473236, "pmcid": "PMC7255109", "title": "Ethnicity profiles of COVID-19 admissions and outcomes.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Kakkar, Dr Nishchay", "Dunphy, Dr Jessica", "Raza, Dr Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473236", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376453, "pmcid": "PMC7196558", "title": "COVID-19 diagnoses in South East London peaked before the UK suggesting early measures reduced transmission.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Aylwin, Simon J B", "Patel, Amit S", "Post, Frank A"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376453", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335933, "pmcid": "PMC7267554", "title": "Impact of Potential COVID-19 Treatment on South African Water Sources Already Threatened by Pharmaceutical Pollution.", "journal": "Environ Toxicol Chem", "authors": ["Horn, Suranie", "Vogt, Bianca", "Pieters, Rialet", "Bouwman, Hindrik", "Bezuidenhout, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335933", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519361, "title": "COVID-19 tracheostomy Local Safety Standard for Invasive Procedures (LocSSIP): a single-centre experience.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Ward, P A", "Collier, J M"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519361", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339662, "pmcid": "PMC7194714", "title": "Addressing the Impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic on Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Learning Networks as a Means for Sharing Best Practices.", "journal": "Biol Blood Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Ardura, Monica", "Hartley, David", "Dandoy, Christopher", "Lehmann, Leslie", "Jaglowski, Samantha", "Auletta, Jeffery J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339662", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The full impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), on the field of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is unknown. This perspective paper reviews the following: current COVID-19 epidemiology, diagnosis, and potential therapies; care considerations unique to HCT recipients; and the concept of a learning network to assimilate emerging guidelines and best practices and to optimize patient outcomes through facilitating shared learning and experience across transplantation centers."}, {"pmid": 32442697, "pmcid": "PMC7235556", "title": "Response to \"Reply to 'Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: multicenter case series of 22 patients': To consider varicella-like exanthem associated with COVID-19, virus varicella zoster and virus herpes simplex must be ruled out\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Marzano, Angelo Valerio", "Genovese, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442697", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425471, "pmcid": "PMC7227578", "title": "Qigong for the Prevention, Treatment, and Rehabilitation of COVID-19 Infection in Older Adults.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Feng, Fan", "Tuchman, Sylvie", "Denninger, John W", "Fricchione, Gregory L", "Yeung, Albert"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425471", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The elderly are at high risk of contracting respiratory infectious diseases, including COVID-19 infection. The recent pandemic has the potential to cause significant physical and mental damage in older adults. Similarly to other mind-body exercises in Traditional Chinese medicine, Qigong features regulation of breath rhythm and pattern, body movement and posture, and meditation. Given these traits, Qigong has the potential to play a role in the prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of respiratory infections, such as COVID-19. Potential mechanisms of action include stress reduction, emotion regulation, strengthening of respiratory muscles, reduction of inflammation, and enhanced immune function. Three forms of Qigong; abdominal breathing, Ba Duan Jin and Liu Zi Jue, all of which are gentle, smooth, and simple for the elderly to practice, are recommended in this context."}, {"pmid": 32454025, "pmcid": "PMC7188629", "title": "The COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium: A Collaborative Effort to Understand the Effects of COVID-19 on Patients with Cancer.", "journal": "Cancer Cell", "authors": ["Rubinstein, Samuel M", "Steinharter, John A", "Warner, Jeremy", "Rini, Brian I", "Peters, Solange", "Choueiri, Toni K"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "National and international consortia will play a key role in understanding the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on cancer patients. The COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) aims to collect and analyze observational data at scale to inform clinical practice in real-time."}, {"pmid": 32382495, "pmcid": "PMC7203040", "title": "Preparedness is key - the challenge of COVID-19 in low resource settings: 4 checklists from Doctors Worldwide to prepare for COVID-19.", "journal": "Afr J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Wobi, Fatimah", "Gani, Monowara", "Rahman, Najeeb"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382495", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32210384, "title": "COVID-19: ban 'orientalism' by critics of wildlife trade.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Pagani-Nunez, Emilio"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210384", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380217, "pmcid": "PMC7198179", "title": "The COVID-19 crisis: A unique opportunity to expand dermatology to underserved populations.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Ashrafzadeh, Sepideh", "Nambudiri, Vinod E"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380217", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496340, "title": "Management of Digestive Disorders and Procedures Associated With COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiaomei", "Tang, Chengwei", "Tian, Dean", "Hou, Xiaohua", "Yang, Yunsheng"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496340", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442294, "title": "Therapy with agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gnavi, Roberto", "Demaria, Moreno", "Picariello, Roberta", "Dalmasso, Marco", "Ricceri, Fulvio", "Costa, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442294", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Exposure to agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system was not associated to a risk increase of COVID-19 infection in two Italian matched case-control studies, one nested in hypertensive patients and the other in patients with cardiovascular diseases or diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32356603, "pmcid": "PMC7267526", "title": "Why the SARS-Cov-2 has prolonged spreading time in children?", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Yurttutan, Sadik", "Ipek, Sevcan", "Gullu, Utku U"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356603", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32036774, "pmcid": "PMC7054940", "title": "Emerging novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-current scenario, evolutionary perspective based on genome analysis and recent developments.", "journal": "Vet Q", "authors": ["Malik, Yashpal Singh", "Sircar, Shubhankar", "Bhat, Sudipta", "Sharun, Khan", "Dhama, Kuldeep", "Dadar, Maryam", "Tiwari, Ruchi", "Chaicumpa, Wanpen"], "date": "2020-02-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32036774", "countries": ["China", "Philippines"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are the well-known cause of severe respiratory, enteric and systemic infections in a wide range of hosts including man, mammals, fish, and avian. The scientific interest on coronaviruses increased after the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) outbreaks in 2002-2003 followed by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV). This decade's first CoV, named 2019-nCoV, emerged from Wuhan, China, and declared as 'Public Health Emergency of International Concern' on January 30th, 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). As on February 4, 2020, 425 deaths reported in China only and one death outside China (Philippines). In a short span of time, the virus spread has been noted in 24 countries. The zoonotic transmission (animal-to-human) is suspected as the route of disease origin. The genetic analyses predict bats as the most probable source of 2019-nCoV though further investigations needed to confirm the origin of the novel virus. The ongoing nCoV outbreak highlights the hidden wild animal reservoir of the deadly viruses and possible threat of spillover zoonoses as well. The successful virus isolation attempts have made doors open for developing better diagnostics and effective vaccines helping in combating the spread of the virus to newer areas."}, {"pmid": 32514563, "title": "Anticovid, a comprehensive open-access real-time platform of registered clinical studies for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Antimicrob Chemother", "authors": ["Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan", "Lescure, Francois-Xavier", "Sallard, Erwan", "Ravaud, Philippe", "Vegreville, Bruno", "Zeitoun, Jean-David"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514563", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308188, "pmcid": "PMC7200834", "title": "Nowruz travelers and the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Kaffashi, Amir", "Jahani, Frieda"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308188", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398299, "title": "To compare the incomparable: COVID-19 pneumonia and high altitude disease.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Strapazzon, Giacomo", "Hilty, Matthias P", "Bouzat, Pierre", "Pratali, Lorenza", "Brugger, Hermann", "Rauch, Simon"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398299", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362498, "pmcid": "PMC7183955", "title": "Telemedicine Online Visits in Urology During the COVID-19 Pandemic-Potential, Risk Factors, and Patients' Perspective.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Boehm, Katharina", "Ziewers, Stefani", "Brandt, Maximilian P", "Sparwasser, Peter", "Haack, Maximilian", "Willems, Franziska", "Thomas, Anita", "Dotzauer, Robert", "Hofner, Thomas", "Tsaur, Igor", "Haferkamp, Axel", "Borgmann, Hendrik"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362498", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed considerable strain on hospital resources. We explored whether telemedicine (defined as a videoconference) might help. We undertook prospective structured phone interviews of urological patients (n\u2009=\u2009399). We evaluated their suitability for telemedicine (judged by a panel of four physicians) and their risks from COVID-19 (10 factors for a poor outcome), and collected willingness for telemedicine and demographic data. Risk factors for an adverse outcome from COVID-19 infection were common (94.5% had one or more) and most patients (63.2%) were judged suitable for telemedicine. When asked, 84.7% of patients wished for a telemedical rather than a face-to-face consultation. Those favouring telemedicine were younger (68 [58-75] vs 76 [70-79.2] yr, p\u2009<\u20090.001). There was no difference in preference with oncological (mean 86%) or benign diagnoses (mean 85%), or with COVID-19 risks factors. In subgroup analysis, men with prostate cancer preferred telemedicine (odds ratio: 2.93 [1.07-8.03], p\u2009=\u20090.037). We concluded that many urological patients have risk factors for a poor outcome from COVID-19 and most preferred telemedicine consultations at this time. This appears to be a solution to offer contact-free continuity of care. PATIENT SUMMARY: Risk factors for a severe course of coronavirus disease 2019 are common (94.5%) in urology patients. Most patients wished for a telemedical consultation (84.7%). This appears to be a solution to offer contact-free continuity of care."}, {"pmid": 32278756, "pmcid": "PMC7144614", "title": "COVID-19 and dengue fever: A dangerous combination for the health system in Brazil.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lorenz, Camila", "Azevedo, Thiago S", "Chiaravalloti-Neto, Francisco"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278756", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494948, "pmcid": "PMC7268976", "title": "Patient-Reported Outcome Questionnaires for the evaluation of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Hsieh, Julien", "Barillari, Maria Rosaria", "Cammaroto, Giovanni", "Hans, Stephane", "Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494948", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302675, "pmcid": "PMC7156246", "title": "Comparative computational analysis of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein epitopes in taxonomically related coronaviruses.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Tilocca, Bruno", "Soggiu, Alessio", "Sanguinetti, Maurizio", "Musella, Vincenzo", "Britti, Domenico", "Bonizzi, Luigi", "Urbani, Andrea", "Roncada, Paola"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302675", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several research lines are currently ongoing to address the multitude of facets of the pandemic COVID-19. In line with the One-Health concept, extending the target of the studies to the animals which humans are continuously interacting with may favor a better understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 biology and pathogenetic mechanisms; thus, helping to adopt the most suitable containment measures. The last two decades have already faced severe manifestations of the coronavirus infection in both humans and animals, thus, circulating epitopes from previous outbreaks might confer partial protection from SARS-CoV-2 infections. In the present study, we provide an in-silico survey of the major nucleocapsid protein epitopes and compare them with the homologues of taxonomically-related coronaviruses with tropism for animal species that are closely inter-related with the human beings population all over the world. Protein sequence alignment provides evidence of high sequence homology for some of the investigated proteins. Moreover, structural epitope mapping by homology modelling revealed a potential immunogenic value also for specific sequences scoring a lower identity with SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid proteins. These evidence provide a molecular structural rationale for a potential role in conferring protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection and identifying potential candidates for the development of diagnostic tools and prophylactic-oriented strategies."}, {"pmid": 32106216, "title": "Update: Public Health Response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak - United States, February 24, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Jernigan, Daniel B"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32106216", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019, and has spread throughout China and to 31 other countries and territories, including the United States (1). As of February 23, 2020, there were 76,936 reported cases in mainland China and 1,875 cases in locations outside mainland China (1). There have been 2,462 associated deaths worldwide; no deaths have been reported in the United States. Fourteen cases have been diagnosed in the United States, and an additional 39 cases have occurred among repatriated persons from high-risk settings, for a current total of 53 cases within the United States. This report summarizes the aggressive measures (2,3) that CDC, state and local health departments, multiple other federal agencies, and other partners are implementing to slow and try to contain transmission of COVID-19 in the United States. These measures require the identification of cases and contacts of persons with COVID-19 in the United States and the recommended assessment, monitoring, and care of travelers arriving from areas with substantial COVID-19 transmission. Although these measures might not prevent widespread transmission of the virus in the United States, they are being implemented to 1) slow the spread of illness; 2) provide time to better prepare state and local health departments, health care systems, businesses, educational organizations, and the general public in the event that widespread transmission occurs; and 3) better characterize COVID-19 to guide public health recommendations and the development and deployment of medical countermeasures, including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. U.S. public health authorities are monitoring the situation closely, and CDC is coordinating efforts with the World Health Organization (WHO) and other global partners. Interim guidance is available at https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/index.html. As more is learned about this novel virus and this outbreak, CDC will rapidly incorporate new knowledge into guidance for action by CDC, state and local health departments, health care providers, and communities."}, {"pmid": 32142596, "pmcid": "PMC7162219", "title": "Machine Learning, COVID-19 (2019-nCoV), and multi-OMICS.", "journal": "Cytometry A", "authors": ["Tarnok, Attila"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142596", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359857, "pmcid": "PMC7195076", "title": "A plastic surgery service response to COVID-19 in one of the largest teaching hospitals in Europe.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Armstrong, A", "Jeevaratnam, J", "Murphy, G", "Pasha, M", "Tough, A", "Conway-Jones, R", "Mifsud, R W", "Tucker, S"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359857", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is presenting a colossal challenge to frontline NHS staff. This paper highlights how plastic surgery teams can use their diverse skills and resources in times of crisis. Through effective strategy and leadership we present how we are adapting as a department to serve our plastic surgery patients, other hospital teams and the Trust."}, {"pmid": 32410816, "pmcid": "PMC7221364", "title": "A case series of chest imaging manifestation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiography (Lond)", "authors": ["Vegar-Zubovic, Sandra", "Izetbegovic, Sebija", "Zukic, Fuad", "Jusufbegovic, Merim", "Kristic, Spomenka", "Prevljak, Sabina", "Sehic, Adnan", "Julardzija, Fuad"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410816", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1]. It started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, after which quickly spread to many other countries around the world. Chest radiography (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) play key roles in managment and diagnosis of COVID-19. In this case series we are presenting three patients with predominant left-sided changes caused by COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32418947, "title": "Does immune privilege result in recovered patients testing positive for COVID-19 again?", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Xia, Jufeng"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418947", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, an increasing number of reports have indicated that a few patients who were believed to have recovered from COVID-19 initially tested negative but later tested positive. Several hospitals in different countries have detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the semen and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with severe COVID-19. Given the fact that the testes and central nervous system are both immune privilege sites and the fact that Ebola virus and Zika virus can avoid immune clearance and continue proliferating and spreading by hiding in those sites, the question of whether SARS-CoV-2 is present in immune privilege sites, it attacks those sites, and it spreads again after proliferating in those sites needs to be investigated."}, {"pmid": 32376531, "pmcid": "PMC7086135", "title": "[Management and prevention of common skin problems during epidemic prevention and control of COVID-19].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Li, Changxing", "Shen, Jing", "Ju, Yan", "Huang, Xiaowen", "Huang, Liang", "Zeng, Kang"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the ongoing fight against the epidemic of COVID-19, the medical staff has been under tremendous pressure. Wearing the protective equipment (masks, goggles, and protective screens) with a poor breathability for a long time causes various skin problems, such as allergies, excessive skin hydration, local mechanical injuries, and even secondary infections. In addition, in a closed environment, compression and friction aggravate skin reactions, which may compromise duty performance of the medical staff. It is therefore essential to provide timely treatment opinions and prevention methods for common skin problems. We also give suggestions concerning the preparation of medical kit for skin protection in the epidemic area."}, {"pmid": 32040667, "pmcid": "PMC7079862", "title": "Critical care management of adults with community-acquired severe respiratory viral infection.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Arabi, Yaseen M", "Fowler, Robert", "Hayden, Frederick G"], "date": "2020-02-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32040667", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the expanding use of molecular assays, viral pathogens are increasingly recognized among critically ill adult patients with community-acquired severe respiratory illness; studies have detected respiratory viral infections (RVIs) in 17-53% of such patients. In addition, novel pathogens including zoonotic coronaviruses like the agents causing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019 nCoV) are still being identified. Patients with severe RVIs requiring ICU care present typically with hypoxemic respiratory failure. Oseltamivir is the most widely used neuraminidase inhibitor for treatment of influenza; data suggest that early use is associated with reduced mortality in critically ill patients with influenza. At present, there are no antiviral therapies of proven efficacy for other severe RVIs. Several adjunctive pharmacologic interventions have been studied for their immunomodulatory effects, including macrolides, corticosteroids, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, sirolimus, statins, anti-influenza immune plasma, and vitamin C, but none is recommended at present in severe RVIs. Evidence-based supportive care is the mainstay for management of severe respiratory viral infection. Non-invasive ventilation in patients with severe RVI causing acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and pneumonia is associated with a high likelihood of transition to invasive ventilation. Limited existing knowledge highlights the need for data regarding supportive care and adjunctive pharmacologic therapy that is specific for critically ill patients with severe RVI. There is a need for more pragmatic and efficient designs to test different therapeutics both individually and in combination."}, {"pmid": 32113494, "pmcid": "PMC7137871", "title": "Indian pharma threatened by COVID-19 shutdowns in China.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Patralekha"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113494", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470408, "pmcid": "PMC7250550", "title": "The neurological impact of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Neurol", "authors": ["The Lancet Neurology"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470408", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389848, "pmcid": "PMC7204704", "title": "Comparison of mortality associated with respiratory viral infections between December 2019 and March 2020 with that of the previous year in Southeastern France.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Giraud-Gatineau, Audrey", "Colson, Philippe", "Jimeno, Marie-Therese", "Zandotti, Christine", "Ninove, Laetitia", "Boschi, Celine", "Lagier, Jean-Christophe", "La Scola, Bernard", "Chaudet, Herve", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389848", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory viruses are a major cause of mortality worldwide and in France, where they cause several thousands of deaths every year. University Hospital Institute-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e Infection performs real-time surveillance of all diagnoses of infections and associated deaths in public hospitals in Marseille, Southeastern France. This study compared mortality associated with diagnoses of respiratory viruses during the colder months of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 (week 47-week 14). In 2018-2019, 73 patients (0.17% of 42,851 hospitalized patients) died after being diagnosed with a respiratory virus; 40 and 13 deaths occurred in patients diagnosed with influenza A virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), respectively. In 2019-2020, 50 patients (0.10% of 49,043 patients hospitalized) died after being diagnosed with a common respiratory virus; seven and seven deaths occurred in patients diagnosed with influenza A virus and RSV, respectively. Additionally, 55 patients died after being diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. The proportion of respiratory virus-associated deaths among hospitalized patients was thus significantly lower for common respiratory viruses in 2019-2020 than in 2018-2019 (102 versus 170 per 100,000 hospitalized patients; p = 0.003), primarily as a consequence of a decrease in influenza A virus (-83%) and RSV (-46%)-associated deaths. Overall, the proportion of respiratory virus-associated deaths among hospitalized patients was higher, but not significantly, in 2019-2020 than in 2018-2019 (214 versus 170 per 100,000 hospitalized patients; p = 0.08, Yates-corrected Chi-square test). These findings put into perspective the death burden of SARS-CoV-2 infections in this geographical area."}, {"pmid": 32497810, "pmcid": "PMC7263249", "title": "HUMAN CORONAVIRUS DATA FROM FOUR CLINICAL TRIALS OF MASKS AND RESPIRATORS.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["MacIntyre, C Raina", "Chughtai, Abrar A", "Seale, Holly", "Dwyer, Dominic E", "Quanyi, Wang"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497810", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are few published data on the protection of masks or respirators against coronavirus infections. This is an important research question to inform the response to the COVID-19 epidemic. The transmission modes of human coronaviruses are similar, thought to be by droplet, contact and sometimes airborne routes. There are several randomised clinical trials of masks and respirators, but most used clinical endpoints or tested only for influenza. In four trials which we conducted, we tested for human coronaviruses, but only composite viral endpoints were reported in the trials. We reviewed and analysed the coronavirus data from four of our trials. Laboratory-confirmed coronavirus infections were identified in our community household trial (1 case), health worker trials (8 cases) and trial of mask use by sick patients (19 cases). No coronavirus infections were transmitted in households to parents who wore P2 or surgical masks, but one child with coronavirus infection transmitted infection to a parent in the control arm. No transmissions to close contacts occurred when worn by sick patients with coronavirus infections. There was a higher risk of coronavirus infection in HCWs who wore a mask compared to a respirator, but the difference was not statistically significant. These are the only available data on coronavirus infections associated with mask or respirator use. More clinical trials are needed to assess the efficacy of respiratory protection against coronavirus infections."}, {"pmid": 32417555, "pmcid": "PMC7207139", "title": "Early SARS-CoV-2 outbreak detection by sewage-based epidemiology.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Orive, Gorka", "Lertxundi, Unax", "Barcelo, Damia"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417555", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sewage can be used to determine the scale of COVID-19 outbreak. Sewage Epidemiology or Waste Based Epidemiology (WBE) approach has been successfully used to track and provide early warnings of outbreaks of pathogenic viruses such as Hepatitis A, Poliovirus and Norovirus. In untreated wastewater COVID-19 (excreted via faeces then introduced to wastewater) can survive from hours to days. Detection of COVID-19 can be carried out with nucleic acid-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, used for confirmation of COVID-19 patients around the globe. New cheaper and faster monitoring tools are being developed to detect Covid-19 in wastewater by biosensors, ELISA, or paper-based indicator methods. This will allow to reveal true scale of Covid-19 outbreak associated with population link to a specific wastewater treatment plant."}, {"pmid": 32220200, "title": "Epidemiology of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiaodong"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220200", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213335, "pmcid": "PMC7270510", "title": "COVID-19 and medical education.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ahmed, Hanad", "Allaf, Mohammed", "Elghazaly, Hussein"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213335", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292842, "pmcid": "PMC7118660", "title": "Breast radiotherapy under COVID-19 pandemic resource constraints -- approaches to defer or shorten treatment from a Comprehensive Cancer Center in the United States.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Braunstein, Lior Z", "Gillespie, Erin F", "Hong, Linda", "Xu, Amy", "Bakhoum, Samuel F", "Cuaron, John", "Mueller, Boris", "McCormick, Beryl", "Cahlon, Oren", "Powell, Simon", "Khan, Atif J"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292842", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Breast radiotherapy accounts for a significant proportion of patient volume in contemporary radiation oncology practice. In the setting of anticipated resource constraints and widespread community infection with SARS-CoV-2 during the COVID-19 pandemic, measures for balancing both infectious and oncologic risk among patients and providers must be carefully considered. Here, we present evidence-based guidelines for omitting or abbreviating breast cancer radiotherapy, where appropriate, in an effort to mitigate risk to patients and optimize resource utilization. Multidisciplinary breast cancer experts at a high-volume comprehensive cancer center convened contingency planning meetings over the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic to review the relevant literature and establish recommendations for the application of hypofractionated and abbreviated breast radiation regimens. Substantial evidence exists to support omitting radiation among certain favorable risk subgroups of breast cancer patients and for abbreviating or accelerating regimens among others. For those who require either whole-breast or post-mastectomy radiation, with or without coverage of the regional lymph nodes, a growing body of literature supports various hypofractionated approaches that appear safe and effective. In the setting of a public health emergency with the potential to strain critical healthcare resources and place patients at infection risk, the parsimonious application of breast radiotherapy may alleviate a significant clinical burden without compromising long term oncologic outcomes. The judicious and personalized use of immature study data may be warranted in the setting of a competing mortality risk from this widespread pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32338827, "title": "ISTH interim guidance on recognition and management of coagulopathy in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Thachil, Jecko", "Tang, Ning", "Gando, Satoshi", "Falanga, Anna", "Cattaneo, Marco", "Levi, Marcel", "Clark, Cary", "Iba, Toshiaki"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338827", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404666, "pmcid": "PMC7268857", "title": "Prehabilitation Telemedicine in Neoadjuvant Surgical Oncology Patients During the Novel COVID-19 Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Sell, Naomi M", "Silver, Julie K", "Rando, Stephanie", "Draviam, Ashley C", "Mina, Daniel Santa", "Qadan, Motaz"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404666", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31995857, "pmcid": "PMC7121484", "title": "Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Li, Qun", "Guan, Xuhua", "Wu, Peng", "Wang, Xiaoye", "Zhou, Lei", "Tong, Yeqing", "Ren, Ruiqi", "Leung, Kathy S M", "Lau, Eric H Y", "Wong, Jessica Y", "Xing, Xuesen", "Xiang, Nijuan", "Wu, Yang", "Li, Chao", "Chen, Qi", "Li, Dan", "Liu, Tian", "Zhao, Jing", "Liu, Man", "Tu, Wenxiao", "Chen, Chuding", "Jin, Lianmei", "Yang, Rui", "Wang, Qi", "Zhou, Suhua", "Wang, Rui", "Liu, Hui", "Luo, Yinbo", "Liu, Yuan", "Shao, Ge", "Li, Huan", "Tao, Zhongfa", "Yang, Yang", "Deng, Zhiqiang", "Liu, Boxi", "Ma, Zhitao", "Zhang, Yanping", "Shi, Guoqing", "Lam, Tommy T Y", "Wu, Joseph T", "Gao, George F", "Cowling, Benjamin J", "Yang, Bo", "Leung, Gabriel M", "Feng, Zijian"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31995857", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The initial cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and January 2020. We analyzed data on the first 425 confirmed cases in Wuhan to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of NCIP. We collected information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, and illness timelines of laboratory-confirmed cases of NCIP that had been reported by January 22, 2020. We described characteristics of the cases and estimated the key epidemiologic time-delay distributions. In the early period of exponential growth, we estimated the epidemic doubling time and the basic reproductive number. Among the first 425 patients with confirmed NCIP, the median age was 59 years and 56% were male. The majority of cases (55%) with onset before January 1, 2020, were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, as compared with 8.6% of the subsequent cases. The mean incubation period was 5.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1 to 7.0), with the 95th percentile of the distribution at 12.5 days. In its early stages, the epidemic doubled in size every 7.4 days. With a mean serial interval of 7.5 days (95% CI, 5.3 to 19), the basic reproductive number was estimated to be 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.9). On the basis of this information, there is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019. Considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere. Measures to prevent or reduce transmission should be implemented in populations at risk. (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and others.)."}, {"pmid": 32233057, "pmcid": "PMC7228206", "title": "Novel Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) in the immunocompromised transplant recipient: #Flatteningthecurve.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Fishman, Jay A", "Grossi, Paolo A"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233057", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471171, "title": "Excess Ascorbate is a Chemical Stress Agent against Proteins and Cells.", "journal": "Pharmaceuticals (Basel)", "authors": ["Lehene, Maria", "Fischer-Fodor, Eva", "Scurtu, Florina", "Hadade, Niculina D", "Gal, Emese", "Mot, Augustin C", "Matei, Alina", "Silaghi-Dumitrescu, Radu"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471171", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Excess ascorbate (as expected in intravenous treatment proposed for COVID-19 management, for example) oxidizes and/or degrades hemoglobin and albumin, as evidenced by UV-vis spectroscopy, gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry. It also degrades hemoglobin in intact blood or in isolated erythrocytes. The survival rates and metabolic activities of several leukocyte subsets implicated in the antiviral cellular immune response are also affected. Excess ascorbate is thus an unselective biological stress agent."}, {"pmid": 32460440, "title": "Digital prosthetic workflow during COVID-19 pandemic to limit infection risk in dental practice.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Papi, P", "Di Murro, B", "Penna, D", "Pompa, G"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460440", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel human coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2) causing a severe acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was reported in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019(Wang, Horby, Hayden, & Gao,2020; Khan, Ali, Siddique, Nabi, 2020).The infectionhas an estimated incubation period of 1-14 days and its clinical manifestations and symptoms include cough, fever and shortness of breath (Zhuet al., 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32410266, "pmcid": "PMC7272823", "title": "Immunoregulation with mTOR inhibitors to prevent COVID-19 severity: A novel intervention strategy beyond vaccines and specific antiviral medicines.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zheng, Yunfeng", "Li, Renfeng", "Liu, Shunai"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410266", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major global public health concern. The mortality rate for critically ill patients is up to 60%, and, thus, reducing the disease severity and case mortality is a top priority. Currently, cytokine storms are considered as the major cause of critical illness and death due to COVID-19. After a systematical review of the literature, we propose that cross-reactive antibodies associated with antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) may actually be the cause of cytokine storms. It would be more difficult to develop vaccines for highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (CoVs) if ADE characteristics are taken into consideration. Therefore, it is urgent to find an effective way to prevent the occurrence of severe illness as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 specific drugs or vaccines are still in development. If the activation of memory B cells can be selectively inhibited in high-risk patients at an early stage of COVID-19 to reduce the production of cross-reactive antibodies against the virus, we speculate that ADE can be circumvented and severe symptoms can be prevented. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors satisfy such needs and it is recommended to conduct clinical trials for mTOR inhibitors in preventing the severity of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32419599, "title": "Are there positive lessons for Italy's NHS resulting from the Covid-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Baldino, Gennaro", "Argo, Antonella", "Stassi, Chiara", "Zerbo, Stefania", "Ventura Spagnolo, Elvira"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419599", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The authors evaluate the importance of prevention measures and health care from their own experience and briefly analyse the factors that may have contributed to the rapid spread of Covid-19 in Italy, and hope this will feed into appropriate and new and improved health policies."}, {"pmid": 32348003, "pmcid": "PMC7267329", "title": "The experience of treating patients with acute myocardial infarction under the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Xiao, Zhichao", "Xu, Chang", "Wang, Daowen", "Zeng, Hesong"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348003", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Worldwide Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic makes the management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) more complicated, effective treatment without further dissemination is thus quite challenging. Recently, we successfully treated three representative AMI cases, by sharing these detailed procedures, we summarized some important issues including patient screening, reperfusion strategy selecting, personnel/catheter lab protection principle, as well as operation tactics, which may lend precious experience on AMI treating during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic situation."}, {"pmid": 32345617, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients with large-vessel vasculitis in Italy: a monocentric survey.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Tomelleri, Alessandro", "Sartorelli, Silvia", "Campochiaro, Corrado", "Baldissera, Elena Marina", "Dagna, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345617", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385569, "pmcid": "PMC7210098", "title": "COVID-19 not detected in peritoneal fluid: a case of laparoscopic appendicectomy for acute appendicitis in a COVID-19-infected patient.", "journal": "Langenbecks Arch Surg", "authors": ["Ngaserin, Sabrina Hui-Na", "Koh, Frederick H", "Ong, Biauw-Chi", "Chew, Min-Hoe"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385569", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 greatly affected millions and affected the way we practice with heightened posture in the way we treat surgical patients. Surgical consensus guidelines are recommending caution in the use of laparoscopy for the theoretical possibility of viral transmission from aerosolization of tissue and peritoneal fluid during surgery. However, there has yet to be proof of COVID-19 being present in peritoneal fluid, justifying the consensus statements. We aim to assess the presence of COVID-19 in peritoneal fluid. We performed a laparoscopic appendicectomy for a COVID-19-infected patient with acute appendicitis. Peritoneal fluid and peritoneal washings were collected and sent for COVID-19 PCR. The peritoneal fluid sample collected on entry and at the end of the operation was negative for COVID-19 on PCR. The patient had an uneventful recovery from surgery. This case revealed that COVID-19 was not detected in peritoneal fluid and peritoneal washings in a patient infected with COVID-19. This study provides novel preliminary data in the investigation of COVID-19 transmission from laparoscopy-related aerosolization."}, {"pmid": 32416476, "pmcid": "PMC7203028", "title": "The disguised pandemic: the importance of data normalization in COVID-19 web mapping.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Adams, A", "Li, W", "Zhang, C", "Chen, X"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416476", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266987, "pmcid": "PMC7262211", "title": "Corticosteroid treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Zha, Lei", "Li, Shirong", "Pan, Lingling", "Tefsen, Boris", "Li, Yeshan", "French, Neil", "Chen, Liyun", "Yang, Gang", "Villanueva, Elmer V"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266987", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the efficacy of corticosteroid treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Observational study in the two COVID-19-designated hospitals in Wuhu, Anhui province, China, 24 January - 24 February 2020. Thirty-one patients infected with the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) treated at the two designated hospitals. Virus clearance time, length of hospital stay, and duration of symptoms, by treatment type (including or not including corticosteroid therapy). Eleven of 31 patients with COVID-19 received corticosteroid treatment. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated no association between corticosteroid treatment and virus clearance time (hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% CI, 0.58-2.74), hospital length of stay (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.33-1.78), or duration of symptoms (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.40-1.83). Univariate analysis indicated that virus clearance was slower in two patients with chronic hepatitis B infections (mean difference, 10.6 days; 95% CI, 6.2-15.1 days). Corticosteroids are widely used when treating patients with COVID-19, but we found no association between therapy and outcomes in patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome. An existing HBV infection may delay SARS-CoV-2 clearance, and this association should be further investigated."}, {"pmid": 32389695, "pmcid": "PMC7205658", "title": "JAACAP's Role in Advancing the Science of Pediatric Mental Health and Promoting the Care of Youth and Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Novins, Douglas K", "Althoff, Robert R", "Billingsley, Mary K", "Cortese, Samuele", "Drury, Stacy S", "Frazier, Jean A", "Henderson, Schuyler W", "McCauley, Elizabeth", "White, Tonya J H"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389695", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As we pen these words, the COVID-19 pandemic is having profound impacts on human society. Based on decades of research, we know that the accompanying illness,1 death,2 social isolation,3,4 and malnutrition5 will have deep and lasting impacts on our children and adolescents, their families, and the communities in which they develop. The pandemic is exposing, with terrible clarity, the disparities in human society-racism,6 poverty,7,8 domestic violence,9,10 and child maltreatment and neglect11-and tragically will likely amplify the negative impacts that each has on child development and mental health."}, {"pmid": 32367628, "pmcid": "PMC7267453", "title": "Hidden in plain sight: Addressing the unique needs of high-risk psychiatric populations during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Hategan, Ana", "Abdurrahman, Mariam"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367628", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311793, "pmcid": "PMC7264653", "title": "Who speaks for nursing? COVID-19 highlighting gaps in leadership.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Daly, John", "Jackson, Debra", "Anders, Robert", "Davidson, Patricia M"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311793", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395933, "title": "COVID-19, a graphic account.", "journal": "Emergencias", "authors": ["Simon Abadia, Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395933", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315803, "pmcid": "PMC7166006", "title": "Preliminary therapeutic drug monitoring data of beta-lactams in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Novy, Emmanuel", "Scala-Bertola, Julien", "Roger, Claire", "Guerci, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315803", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32099125, "title": "'No one is allowed to go out': your stories from the coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Stoye, Emma"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32099125", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396977, "title": "What is the value of nursing knowledge in a time of crisis?", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["McCormack, Brendan"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396977", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445664, "pmcid": "PMC7239020", "title": "COVID-19 as a cause of immune thrombocytopenia.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Humbert, S", "Razanamahery, J", "Payet-Revest, C", "Bouiller, K", "Chirouze, C"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445664", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387564, "pmcid": "PMC7199730", "title": "Emergence of genomic diversity and recurrent mutations in SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["van Dorp, Lucy", "Acman, Mislav", "Richard, Damien", "Shaw, Liam P", "Ford, Charlotte E", "Ormond, Louise", "Owen, Christopher J", "Pang, Juanita", "Tan, Cedric C S", "Boshier, Florencia A T", "Ortiz, Arturo Torres", "Balloux, Francois"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387564", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a SARS-like coronavirus of likely zoonotic origin first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province. The virus has since spread globally, resulting in the currently ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The first whole genome sequence was published on January 5 2020, and thousands of genomes have been sequenced since this date. This resource allows unprecedented insights into the past demography of SARS-CoV-2 but also monitoring of how the virus is adapting to its novel human host, providing information to direct drug and vaccine design. We curated a dataset of 7666 public genome assemblies and analysed the emergence of genomic diversity over time. Our results are in line with previous estimates and point to all sequences sharing a common ancestor towards the end of 2019, supporting this as the period when SARS-CoV-2 jumped into its human host. Due to extensive transmission, the genetic diversity of the virus in several countries recapitulates a large fraction of its worldwide genetic diversity. We identify regions of the SARS-CoV-2 genome that have remained largely invariant to date, and others that have already accumulated diversity. By focusing on mutations which have emerged independently multiple times (homoplasies), we identify 198 filtered recurrent mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Nearly 80% of the recurrent mutations produced non-synonymous changes at the protein level, suggesting possible ongoing adaptation of SARS-CoV-2. Three sites in Orf1ab in the regions encoding Nsp6, Nsp11, Nsp13, and one in the Spike protein are characterised by a particularly large number of recurrent mutations (>15 events) which may signpost convergent evolution and are of particular interest in the context of adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 to the human host. We additionally provide an interactive user-friendly web-application to query the alignment of the 7666 SARS-CoV-2 genomes."}, {"pmid": 32502318, "title": "The Aftermath of COVID-19 in Dermatology Practice: What's next?", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Ng, Janice Natasha", "Cembrano, Kathryn Anne G", "Wanitphakdeedecha, Rungsima", "Manuskiatti, Woraphong"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502318", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapidly increasing number of COVID-19 patients and evidence of human-to-human transmission even within the asymptomatic incubation period prompted the attention of the entire world. The field of dermatology and procedural dermatology is not exempt from this global issue. We cannot deny the fact that this situation will have a lasting impact on the health-seeking behaviours of our patients. It is necessary for dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons to be aware of the potential risks and precautions when re-emerging their practices after COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32291274, "title": "Covid-19: Third of surgeons do not have adequate PPE, royal college warns.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291274", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454251, "pmcid": "PMC7245204", "title": "COVID-19: Exposing digital poverty in a pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Seah, Kt Matthew"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454251", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326853, "title": "Drawing on Kinship Care Support for Older People during a Pandemic (COVID-19): Practice Considerations for Social Workers in Ghana.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Cudjoe, Ebenezer", "Abdullah, Alhassan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326853", "countries": ["Ghana"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Undoubtedly, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has brought both systemic, practice changes and limitations to social workers' commitment to the welfare of vulnerable populations such as older people. A golden preventive rule of the COVID-19 pandemic; maintaining physical and social distancing, has limited social workers' direct practice support for older people who are considered as an at-risk population. Within jurisdictions such as Ghana where kinship care practices are culturally engrained, social workers should promote kinship care support as substitute mechanisms and pathways to safeguard or meet the welfare needs of older people."}, {"pmid": 32524449, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic planning: considerations for radiation oncology medical physics.", "journal": "Phys Eng Sci Med", "authors": ["Whitaker, May", "Kron, Tomas", "Sobolewski, Matthew", "Dove, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524449", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32194247, "pmcid": "PMC7118681", "title": "Exuberant Plasmocytosis in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Specimen of the First Patient Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for SARS-CoV-2 in Europe.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Giani, Marco", "Seminati, Davide", "Lucchini, Alberto", "Foti, Giuseppe", "Pagni, Fabio"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32194247", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242349, "pmcid": "PMC7131906", "title": "School Opening Delay Effect on Transmission Dynamics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea: Based on Mathematical Modeling and Simulation Study.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Soyoung", "Kim, Yae Jean", "Peck, Kyong Ran", "Jung, Eunok"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242349", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nonpharmaceutical intervention strategy is significantly important to mitigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread. One of the interventions implemented by the government is a school closure. The Ministry of Education decided to postpone the school opening from March 2 to April 6 to minimize epidemic size. We aimed to quantify the school closure effect on the COVID-19 epidemic. The potential effects of school opening were measured using a mathematical model considering two age groups: children (aged 19 years and younger) and adults (aged over 19). Based on susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model, isolation and behavior-changed susceptible individuals are additionally considered. The transmission parameters were estimated from the laboratory confirmed data reported by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from February 16 to March 22. The model was extended with estimated parameters and estimated the expected number of confirmed cases as the transmission rate increased after school opening. Assuming the transmission rate between children group would be increasing 10 fold after the schools open, approximately additional 60 cases are expected to occur from March 2 to March 9, and approximately additional 100 children cases are expected from March 9 to March 23. After March 23, the number of expected cases for children is 28.4 for 7 days and 33.6 for 14 days. The simulation results show that the government could reduce at least 200 cases, with two announcements by the Ministry of education. After March 23, although the possibility of massive transmission in the children's age group is lower, group transmission is possible to occur."}, {"pmid": 32374248, "pmcid": "PMC7225215", "title": "Characteristics of disease progress in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Ji, Mengyao", "Yuan, Lei", "Shen, Wei", "Lv, Junwei", "Li, Yong", "Li, Ming", "Lu, Xuefang", "Hu, Lanhua", "Dong, Weiguo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374248", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients were classified into four clinical stages (uncomplicated illness, mild, severe and critical pneumonia) depending on disease severity. We aim to investigate the corresponding clinical, radiological and laboratory characteristics between different clinical stages. A retrospective, single-centre study of 101 confirmed patients with COVID-19 at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from 2 January to 28 January 2020 was enrolled; follow-up endpoint was on 8 February 2020. Clinical data were collected and compared during the course of illness. The median age of the 101 patients was 51.0 years and 33.6% were medical staff. Fever (68%), cough (50%) and fatigue (23%) are the most common symptoms. About 26% patients underwent the mechanical ventilation and 98% patients were treated with antibiotics. Thirty-seven per cent patients were cured and 11 died. On admission, the number of patients with uncomplicated illness, mild, severe and critical pneumonia were 2 [2%], 86 [85%], 11 [11%] and 2 [2%]. Forty-four of the 86 mild pneumonia progressed to severe illness within 4 days, with nine patients worsened due to critical pneumonia within 4 days. Two of the 11 severe patients improved to mild condition while three others deteriorated. Significant differences were observed among groups of different clinical stages in numbers of influenced pulmonary segments (6 vs. 12 vs. 17, P < 0.001). A significantly upward trend was witnessed in ground-glass opacities overlapped with striped shadows (33% vs. 42% vs. 55% vs. 80%, P < 0.001), while pure ground-glass opacities gradually decreased as disease progressed (45% vs. 35% vs. 24% vs. 13%, P < 0.001) within 12 days. Lymphocytes, prealbumin and albumin showed a downtrend as disease progressed from mild to severe or critical condition, an uptrend was found in white blood cells, C-reactive protein, neutrophils and lactate dehydrogenase. The proportions of serum amyloid A > 300 mg/l in mild, severe and critical conditions were 18%, 46% and 71%, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32193314, "title": "Preventing COVID-19 prejudice in academia.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Rzymski, Piotr", "Nowicki, Michal"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193314", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314538, "pmcid": "PMC7264765", "title": "Why is Coronavirus Disease 2019 not as severe in children?-A look at type 2 alveolar cells.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Im, Daniel D"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314538", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496625, "title": "Personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic: a reply.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Cook, T M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496625", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362339, "pmcid": "PMC7183995", "title": "The COVID-19 intubation experience in Wuhan.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Aziz, Michael F"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362339", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525607, "title": "Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in the COVID-19 era: Primetime for Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy and a lesson for the future?", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Scorsetti, Marta", "Goodman, Karyn A", "Seong, Jinsil", "Loi, Mauro", "Huguet, Florence", "Dawson, Laura A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525607", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423585, "pmcid": "PMC7200125", "title": "Is the HScore useful in COVID-19?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Leverenz, David L", "Tarrant, Teresa K"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423585", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517845, "title": "The basic reproduction number and prediction of the epidemic size of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in Shahroud, Iran.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Khosravi, A", "Chaman, R", "Rohani-Rasaf, M", "Zare, F", "Mehravaran, S", "Emamian, M H"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517845", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513810, "title": "Covid-19: Hydroxychloroquine does not benefit hospitalised patients, UK trial finds.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513810", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292633, "pmcid": "PMC7128423", "title": "A study on the psychological needs of nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 from the perspective of the existence, relatedness, and growth theory.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Sci", "authors": ["Yin, Xue", "Zeng, Lingdan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292633", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to explore the psychological needs of nurses caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) and to propose corresponding interventions. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 nurses who cared for patients with COVID-19. Interview data were analyzed by category analysis from the perspective of the existence, relatedness, and growth theory (ERG). The existence needs were mainly reflected in health and security needs, whereas the relatedness needs consisted mainly of interpersonal needs, humanistic concern needs, and family needs; further, the growth needs were mainly reflected as a strong need for knowledge. Existence needs were the main needs during the epidemic, with health and security needs influencing each other. Humanistic concern needs were the most important of the relatedness needs; interpersonal and family needs were also growing. It is found that the existence, relatedness, and growth needs coexist in clinical nurses. It is helpful to take effective interventions to meet their needs if the needs of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients could be perceived well."}, {"pmid": 32278727, "pmcid": "PMC7195046", "title": "Ethical Rationing of Personal Protective Equipment to Minimize Moral Residue During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Binkley, Charles E", "Kemp, David S"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278727", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article proposes systems for the fair distribution of scarce resources to healthcare providers. It builds on classic ethical structures and adapts them to the equitable distribution of personal protective equipment (PPE) to clinicians at risk of contracting novel corona virus-19 (COVID-19). The article also defines systems of allocation that are generally considered unethical and are to be avoided. We emphasize that policies must be transparent, collaborative, applied equally, and have a system of accountability. It is recognized that unless the supply of PPE is quickly replenished, or viable alternatives to traditional equipment are devised in the coming days to weeks, hospitals and healthcare systems will face the difficult task of rationing PPE to at-risk clinicians. This paper suggests an ethical framework for that process."}, {"pmid": 32402577, "pmcid": "PMC7194608", "title": "COVID-19 Impact on Young Arthroplasty Surgeons.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Culp, Brian M", "Frisch, Nicholas B"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402577", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus crisis, COVID-19, has affected all orthopedic surgeons. Surgeons at early stages of their career are at risk of being affected differently than their more established counterparts. We conducted an online survey for members of the Young Arthroplasty Group to determine what effects this had on their current practice. Nearly 40% of our surveyed group responded ranging from residents, fellows, and early career surgeons. All groups had been affected by the crisis, with different impacts on each subgroup. COVID-19 had significant impact on young surgeons affecting their compensation, redeployment, and career advancement. Available resources should be offered to this group, where available, to mitigate the impact of the crisis."}, {"pmid": 32275072, "pmcid": "PMC7262245", "title": "Vaginal delivery report of a healthy neonate born to a convalescent mother with COVID--19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Xiong, Xiali", "Wei, Hong", "Zhang, Zhihong", "Chang, Jing", "Ma, Xiaopeng", "Gao, Xiang", "Chen, Qiang", "Pang, Qiumei"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275072", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the infection of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID--19) has become a challenging public health threat worldwide. Limited data are available for pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. We report a case of a convalescing pregnant woman diagnosed with COVID-19 infection 37 days before delivery in the third trimester. A live birth without severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was performed successfully via the vagina. The findings from our case indicate that there is no intrauterine transmission in this woman who developed COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy."}, {"pmid": 32353857, "title": "Do we know the diagnostic properties of the tests used in COVID-19? A rapid review of recently published literature.", "journal": "Medwave", "authors": ["Bachelet, Vivienne C"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353857", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has brought death and disease to large parts of the world. Governments must deploy strategies to screen the population and subsequently isolate the suspect cases. Diagnostic testing is critical for epidemiological surveillance, but the accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) and clinical utility (impact on health outcomes) of the current diagnostic methods used for SARS-CoV-2 detection are not known. I ran a quick search in PubMed/MEDLINE to find studies on laboratory diagnostic tests and rapid viral diagnosis. After running the search strategies, I found 47 eligible articles that I discuss in this review, commenting on test characteristics and limitations. I did not find any papers that report on the clinical utility of the tests currently used for COVID-19 detection, meaning that we are fighting a battle without proper knowledge of the proportion of false negatives that current testing is resulting in. This shortcoming should not be overlooked as it might hamper national efforts to contain the pandemic through testing community-based suspect cases."}, {"pmid": 32315559, "title": "Protecting older people from COVID-19: should the United Kingdom start at age 60?", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Osama, Tasnime", "Pankhania, Bharat", "Majeed, Azeem"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315559", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500793, "title": "Repurposing Nimesulide, a Potent Inhibitor of the B0AT1 Subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor, as a Therapeutic Adjuvant of COVID-19.", "journal": "SLAS Discov", "authors": ["Scalise, Mariafrancesca", "Indiveri, Cesare"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500793", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection is a health emergency that needs to be addressed immediately. The international scientific community, following World Health Organization (WHO) indications, launched different trials for testing drugs putatively able to block the SARS-CoV-2 infection or treat the COVID-19 disease symptoms. In parallel, studies devoted to a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 biology are in the course for designing an effective vaccine. One of the human membrane proteins known to be docked by the virus is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), proposed to be responsible for viral entry in target cells. Recently, the 3D structure of ACE2 has been obtained, showing its physical interaction with B0AT1 (SLC6A19), a plasma membrane transporter involved in the trafficking of amino acids in cells. The receptor targeted by SARS-CoV-2 is a supercomplex formed by a dimer of ACE2-B0AT1, in which ACE2 binds the viral protein and B0AT1 stabilizes the heterodimer. As a serendipity occurrence, nimesulide was shown to abolish the transport function of B0AT1. Here we suggest including nimesulide in the list of drugs to be tested for the identification of co-adjuvants in the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32391920, "pmcid": "PMC7272826", "title": "Consider TLR5 for new therapeutic development against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chakraborty, Chiranjib", "Sharma, Ashish Ranjan", "Bhattacharya, Manojit", "Sharma, Garima", "Lee, Sang-Soo", "Agoramoorthy, Govindasamy"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391920", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444322, "pmcid": "PMC7198180", "title": "Disparities in the Luxury of Distance for COVID-19 Care.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Wilkins, James M", "Nowak, Lisa M", "Forester, Brent P"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444322", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272473, "pmcid": "PMC7206355", "title": "Pediatric Endocrinology in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Horm Res Paediatr", "authors": ["Cianfarani, Stefano"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272473", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417566, "pmcid": "PMC7211713", "title": "Patients with COVID-19: are current isolation guidelines effective enough?", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Patel, K P", "Patel, P A", "Vunnam, S R", "Jain, R", "Vunnam, R R"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417566", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336725, "title": "Suggestions on surgical treatment during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Zhao, Zhiming", "Li, Mengyang", "Liu, Rong"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336725", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, is now generating a global epidemic, leading to a severe public health emergency. Until April 12, 2020 around 1,700,954 confirmed cases and 105,633 deaths have been reported all over the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared COVID-19 as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Under this circumstance, surgical activities should be carefully evaluated to avoid excessive occupation of limited medical resources, and to reduce the possibility of hospital infection. China has achieved an inspiring achievement on epidemic control. Here, we reviewed available studies on surgical activities during the outbreak, in combination with our current experience, with the aim of providing feasible suggestions on surgical issues during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32333379, "title": "COVID-19 and Semen: An Unanswered Area of Research.", "journal": "Urol J", "authors": ["Kashi, Amir Hossein"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333379", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503172, "title": "Psychosocial and Behavioral Impact of COVID-19 in Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Online Parent Survey.", "journal": "Brain Sci", "authors": ["Colizzi, Marco", "Sironi, Elena", "Antonini, Federico", "Ciceri, Marco Luigi", "Bovo, Chiara", "Zoccante, Leonardo"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503172", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak could result in higher levels of psychological distress, especially among people suffering from pre-existing mental health conditions. Young individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are particularly at risk due to their vulnerability to unpredictable and complex changes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ASD individuals, whether any pre-pandemic sociodemographic or clinical characteristics would predict a negative outcome, and to narratively characterize their needs. Parents and guardians of ASD individuals filled out an online survey consisting of 40 questions investigating socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of their children, impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on their wellbeing and needs to deal with the emergency. Data were available on 527 survey participants. The COVID-19 emergency resulted in a challenging period for 93.9% of families, increased difficulties in managing daily activities, especially free time (78.1%) and structured activities (75.7%), and, respectively, 35.5% and 41.5% of children presenting with more intense and more frequent behavior problems. Behavior problems predating the COVID-19 outbreak predicted a higher risk of more intense (odds ratio (OR) = 2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.42-3.29) and more frequent (OR = 1.67, 95% CI 1.13-2.48) disruptive behavior. Even though ASD children were receiving different types of support, also requiring specialist (19.1%) or emergency (1.5%) interventions in a relatively low proportion of cases, a number of needs emerged, including receiving more healthcare support (47.4%), especially in-home support (29.9%), as well as interventions to tackle a potentially disruptive quarantine (16.8%). The COVID-19 outbreak has undoubtedly resulted in increased difficulties among ASD individuals."}, {"pmid": 32272085, "pmcid": "PMC7270502", "title": "Economic sanctions and Iran's capacity to respond to COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Murphy, Adrianna", "Abdi, Zhaleh", "Harirchi, Iraj", "McKee, Martin", "Ahmadnezhad, Elham"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272085", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444822, "title": "Coronavirus diaries: finding a place to have new ideas.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tregoning, John"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444822", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425488, "pmcid": "PMC7229975", "title": "[Prevention and treatment of Covid-19 in the pediatric population from the family and community perspective].", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Merino-Navarro, Dolores", "Perianez, Cristina Diaz"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425488", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on the report on the situation of COVID-19 in Spain, dated April 3, 2020, the confirmed cases amount to 117,710, of which 343 are under 14 years of age (<1%). It is essential to know the specificity of this process in the child population, as well the specific recommendations for proper prevention and care of children during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Our objective is to analyze the scientific evidence on the specific recommendations for pediatric care in cases of COVID-19 from the family and community settings.The main recommendations and preventive measures in primary health care settings and at home have been selected and analyzed from an integrative approach that includes the biopsychosocial aspects of the child during confinement.The importance of caring for children in the face of the disease lies above all in ensuring the correct measures for the prevention of contagion due to the condition of acting as possible carriers during an incubation period of up to 21 days. The recommendation is that children actively participate in routine preventive actions to contain the spread of the disease. At the household level, isolation is an important challenge for families where there are manifestations of uncertainty, fear and helplessness in the face of changes and among the recommendations are establishing routines and order through schedules of activities and leisure together with hygiene measures.Given the rapidity with which the COVID-19 pandemic has occurred, there is little evidence at the moment. Research on prevention and treatment in the pediatric age needs to be developed to improve the available recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32392490, "pmcid": "PMC7124156", "title": "What's next now that the WHO has declared a COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Vogel, Lauren"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392490", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32193299, "title": "Countries test tactics in 'war' against COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon", "Kupferschmidt, Kai"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193299", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286936, "title": "Coronavirus Pandemic Calls for an Immediate Social Work Response.", "journal": "Soc Work Public Health", "authors": ["Walter-McCabe, Heather A"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286936", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391620, "pmcid": "PMC7272888", "title": "Statewide Stay-At-Home Directives on the Spread of COVID-19 in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Counties in the United States.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Lin, Ge", "Zhang, Tonglin", "Zhang, Ying", "Wang, Quanyi"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391620", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269090, "pmcid": "PMC7144268", "title": "Managing the supportive care needs of those affected by COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Bajwah, Sabrina", "Wilcock, Andrew", "Towers, Richard", "Costantini, Massimo", "Bausewein, Claudia", "Simon, Steffen T", "Bendstrup, Elisabeth", "Prentice, Wendy", "Johnson, Miriam J", "Currow, David C", "Kreuter, Michael", "Wells, Athol U", "Birring, Surinder S", "Edmonds, Polly", "Higginson, Irene J"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269090", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314596, "title": "Challenges in Heart Transplantation in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["DeFilippis, Ersilia M", "Farr, Maryjane A", "Givertz, Michael M"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314596", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362542, "pmcid": "PMC7194988", "title": "Preventing Contamination During Transesophageal Echocardiography in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Jain, Ankit"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362542", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32274985, "pmcid": "PMC7253134", "title": "COVID-19: The Need for Immunoprevention at Industrial Scale.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Halstead, Scott B"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274985", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349775, "pmcid": "PMC7189172", "title": "Cancer at the time of the COVID-19 hurricane.", "journal": "J Exp Clin Cancer Res", "authors": ["Blandino, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349775", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302419, "pmcid": "PMC7264496", "title": "Phototherapeutic approach to dermatological patients during the 2019 Coronavirus pandemic: Real-life Data from the Italian Red Zone.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Pacifico, A", "Ardigo, M", "Frascione, P", "Damiani, G", "Morrone, A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302419", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the novel Coronavirus 2019, also known as COVID-19 or SARS CoV-2, crossed the Chinese borders and became pandemic, Italy has rapidly become the country with the highest number of patient deaths as well as confirmed and/or hospitalized patients, after China [1-2]. On March 12th Italy was declared a red-zone and special protocols were enacted to limit the spread of the virus. Although COVID-19 does not have epidermotropism, cutaneous manifestations in Cov-19 positive patients have been reported [3] and departments of dermatology are considered at high risk [4] and were ordered to admit only patients needing urgent treatments or undergoing chronic immunosuppressive therapy in order to minimize nosocomial virus spread."}, {"pmid": 32234108, "pmcid": "PMC7180329", "title": "How to Surge to Face the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak: Lessons Learned From Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Faccincani, Roberto", "Pascucci, Federico", "Lennquist, Sten"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234108", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is fighting against one of the worst medical emergency since the 1918 Spanish Flu. Pressure on the hospitals is tremendous. As for official data on March 14th: 8372 admitted in hospitals, 1518 in intensive care units, 1441 deaths (175 more than the day before). Unfortunately, hospitals are not prepared: even where a plan for massive influx of patients is present, it usually focuses on sudden onset disaster trauma victims (the most probable case scenario), and it has not been tested, validated, or propagated to the staff. Despite this, the All Hazards Approach for management of major incidents and disasters is still valid and the \"4S\" theory (staff, stuff, structure, systems) for surge capacity can be guidance to respond to this disaster."}, {"pmid": 32474559, "title": "Contact lens use at the time of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic for healthcare workers.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Bhargava, Raghav"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474559", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235575, "pmcid": "PMC7177691", "title": "The First 75 Days of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Outbreak: Recent Advances, Prevention, and Treatment.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Yan, Yuxin", "Shin, Woo In", "Pang, Yoong Xin", "Meng, Yang", "Lai, Jianchen", "You, Chong", "Zhao, Haitao", "Lester, Edward", "Wu, Tao", "Pang, Cheng Heng"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235575", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously known as 2019-nCoV) outbreak has engulfed an unprepared world amidst a festive season. The zoonotic SARS-CoV-2, believed to have originated from infected bats, is the seventh member of enveloped RNA coronavirus. Specifically, the overall genome sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 is 96.2% identical to that of bat coronavirus termed BatCoV RaTG13. Although the current mortality rate of 2% is significantly lower than that of SARS (9.6%) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) (35%), SARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and transmissible from human to human with an incubation period of up to 24 days. Some statistical studies have shown that, on average, one infected patient may lead to a subsequent 5.7 confirmed cases. Since the first reported case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 on December 1, 2019, in Wuhan, China, there has been a total of 60,412 confirmed cases with 1370 fatalities reported in 25 different countries as of February 13, 2020. The outbreak has led to severe impacts on social health and the economy at various levels. This paper is a review of the significant, continuous global effort that was made to respond to the outbreak in the first 75 days. Although no vaccines have been discovered yet, a series of containment measures have been implemented by various governments, especially in China, in the effort to prevent further outbreak, whilst various medical treatment approaches have been used to successfully treat infected patients. On the basis of current studies, it would appear that the combined antiviral treatment has shown the highest success rate. This review aims to critically summarize the most recent advances in understanding the coronavirus, as well as the strategies in prevention and treatment."}, {"pmid": 32217609, "pmcid": "PMC7157705", "title": "Report from the American Society for Microbiology COVID-19 International Summit, 23 March 2020: Value of Diagnostic Testing for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.", "journal": "mBio", "authors": ["Patel, Robin", "Babady, Esther", "Theel, Elitza S", "Storch, Gregory A", "Pinsky, Benjamin A", "St George, Kirsten", "Smith, Tara C", "Bertuzzi, Stefano"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217609", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32274570, "pmcid": "PMC7144545", "title": "COVID-19 in the heart and the lungs: could we \"Notch\" the inflammatory storm?", "journal": "Basic Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Rizzo, Paola", "Vieceli Dalla Sega, Francesco", "Fortini, Francesca", "Marracino, Luisa", "Rapezzi, Claudio", "Ferrari, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274570", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From January 2020, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) originated in China has spread around the world. The disease is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The presence of myocarditis, cardiac arrest, and acute heart failure in COVID-19 patients suggests the existence of a relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and cardiac disease. The Notch signalling is a major regulator of cardiovascular function and it is also implicated in several biological processes mediating viral infections. In this report we discuss the possibility to target Notch signalling to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and interfere with the progression of COVID-19- associated heart and lungs disease."}, {"pmid": 32505514, "title": "COVID-19 infection during the third trimester of pregnancy: Current clinical dilemmas.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Fontanella, F", "Hannes, S", "Keating, N", "Martyn, F", "Browne, I", "Briet, J", "McAuliffe, F M", "Baalman, J H"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505514", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479893, "pmcid": "PMC7258829", "title": "Ivermectin: repurposing a multipurpose drug for Venezuela's humanitarian crisis.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Perez-Garcia, Luis A", "Mejias-Carpio, Isis E", "Delgado-Noguera, Lourdes A", "Manzanarez-Motezuma, Jean P", "Escalona-Rodriguez, Maria A", "Sordillo, Emilia M", "Mogollon-Rodriguez, Euler A", "Hernandez-Pereira, Carlos E", "Marquez-Colmenarez, Marilianna C", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto E"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479893", "countries": ["Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For decades, Ivermectin (IVM) has been recognized as a robust antiparasitic drug with excellent tolerance and safety profiles. Historically it has been used as the drug of choice for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis global elimination programs. IVM is also a standard treatment against intestinal helminths and ectoparasites given its action as an oral insecticide. The current humanitarian crisis in Venezuela is a regional public health threat that requires immediate action. Venezuela's public health system has now crumbled due to a 70% shortage of medicines in public hospitals, low vaccination campaigns, and the massive exodus of medical personnel. Herein we discuss the repurposing of IVM to attenuate the burden imposed by the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Venezuela including soil-transmitted helminths, ectoparasites and, possibly, vector-borne diseases such as malaria. Additionally, novel experimental evidence has shown that IVM is active and efficacious against Chagas disease, Leishmaniases, arboviruses, and SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. In crisis-hit Venezuela, all of the aforementioned infectious diseases are public health emergencies that have been long ignored and that also require immediate attention. IVM's versatile nature could serve as a powerful tool to tackle the multiple overlapping endemic and emergent diseases that affect Venezuela today. The repurposing of this multipurpose drug would be without a doubt a timely therapeutical approach to help mitigate the tremendous burden of NTDs nationwide."}, {"pmid": 32429005, "pmcid": "PMC7272919", "title": "Three steps to flatten the mental health need curve amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Depress Anxiety", "authors": ["Marques, Luana", "Bartuska, Anna D", "Cohen, Jonah N", "Youn, Soo Jeong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429005", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458703, "pmcid": "PMC7255427", "title": "Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation dilemma during the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Samaha, Ramy", "Kattan, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458703", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492531, "title": "Fast SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-qPCR in preheated nasopharyngeal swab samples.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Alcoba-Florez, Julia", "Gonzalez-Montelongo, Rafaela", "Inigo-Campos, Antonio", "de Artola, Diego Garcia-Martinez", "Gil-Campesino, Helena", "The Microbiology Technical Support Team", "Ciuffreda, Laura", "Valenzuela-Fernandez, Agustin", "Flores, Carlos"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492531", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The gold-standard COVID-19 diagnosis relies on detecting SARS-CoV-2 using RNA purification and one-step retrotranscription and quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Based on the urgent need for high-throughput screening, we tested the performance of three alternative, simple and affordable protocols to rapidly detect SARS-CoV-2, bypassing the long and tedious RNA extraction step and reducing the time to viral detection. We evaluated three methods based on direct nasopharyngeal swab viral transmission medium (VTM) heating before the RT-qPCR: a) direct without additives; b) in a formamide-EDTA (FAE) buffer, c) in a RNAsnapTM buffer. Although with a delay in cycle threshold compared to the gold-standard, we found consistent results in nasopharyngeal swab samples that were subject to a direct 70\u00b0C incubation for 10\u2009min. Our findings provide valuable options to overcome any supply chain issue and help to increase the throughput of diagnostic tests, thereby complementing standard diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32503087, "title": "Regarding: Lui RN, Wong SH, Sanchez-Luna SA, et al. Overview of guidance for endoscopy during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;35(5):749-759. doi:10.1111/jgh.15053.", "journal": "J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Gomez Cifuentes, Juan D", "Sparkman, Jordan", "Choi, Kati", "Sealock, Robert J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503087", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358864, "pmcid": "PMC7261974", "title": "Biologic therapy for psoriasis during the COVID-19 outbreak: The choice is to weigh risks and benefits.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Conforti, Claudio", "Giuffrida, Roberta", "Dianzani, Caterina", "Di Meo, Nicola", "Zalaudek, Iris"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358864", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352576, "pmcid": "PMC7267544", "title": "COVID-19 in pregnancy: risk of adverse neonatal outcomes.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Mehan, Aman", "Venkatesh, Ashwin", "Girish, Milind"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352576", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with great interest the study by Siyu Chen and colleagues. The authors evaluated the clinical features and outcomes of five pregnant patients with COVID-19 at term, whose delivery was uneventful and led to favorable perinatal outcomes for both mother and neonate. We would like to draw attention to a growing body of evidence that now points towards an under-addressed association between preterm maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, preterm delivery and adverse neonatal outcomes, which is not reflected in Chen et al.'s small cohort. We also stress that vertical transmission, which was not tested for by Chen et al., should not be excluded as a potential mechanism for viral spread. Centers should therefore be meticulous in their approach to a SARS-CoV-2+ pregnancy to optimize clinical outcomes for both mother and child. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32250388, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic in the US: A Clinical Update.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Omer, Saad B", "Malani, Preeti", "Del Rio, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250388", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409150, "pmcid": "PMC7190482", "title": "An evaluation of co-use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine plus azithromycin on cardiac outcomes: A pharmacoepidemiological study to inform use during the COVID19 pandemic.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Vouri, Scott M", "Thai, Thuy N", "Winterstein, Almut G"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409150", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine (chloroquine) plus azithromycin is considered as therapy for COVID-19. With benefit evaluations underway, safety concerns due to potential additive effects on QTc prolongation should be addressed. We compared risk of cardiac adverse events between combinations of chloroquine and azithromycin and chloroquine and amoxicillin. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the IBM MarketScan Commercial Claims and Medicare Supplemental Databases, 2005-2018. We included autoimmune disease patients aged \u226518 years initiating azithromycin or amoxicillin for \u22655 days during chloroquine treatment. Patients had continuous insurance coverage \u22656 months before combination use until 5 days thereafter or inpatient death. Two outcomes were sudden cardiac arrest/ventricular arrhythmias (SCA/VA) and cardiac symptoms. We followed patients for up to 5 days to estimate hazard ratios (HR). Covariates were adjusted using stabilized inverse probability treatment weighting. We identified two SVC/VA events among >145,000 combination users. The adjusted incidence of cardiac symptoms among azithromycin and amoxicillin users was 276 vs 254 per 10,000 person-years with an adjusted HR of 1.10 (95%CI, 0.62-1.95). Combination use of chloroquine and azithromycin at routine doses did not show pronounced increases in arrhythmias in this real-world population, though small sample size and outcome rates limit conclusions."}, {"pmid": 32525292, "title": "Natura non facit saltus: a phase 2 proposal to manage brain tumors cases from the neuro-oncology section of the Italian Society of Neurosurgery (SINch(R)).", "journal": "J Neurosurg Sci", "authors": ["Angileri, Filippo F", "Sabatino, Giovanni", "Cavallo, Luigi M", "Pessina, Federico", "Ius, Tamara", "De Divitiis, Oreste", "Esposito, Felice", "Grimod, Gianluca", "Raffa, Giovanni", "Spena, Giannantonio", "Cardali, Salvatore", "Esposito, Vincenzo", "Germano, Antonino", "Maiuri, Francesco", "Fontanella, Marco", "Cenzato, Marco"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525292", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus (COVID 19) pandemic has fast spread throughout the world in more than 200 countries, resulting in the need for a de-prioritization of elective medical care to face the demands of the global health crisis. Although the acute and catastrophic phase of the pandemic seems to have been left behind, it is also clear that the virus will not disappear soon, and we must live with it for a period of unpredictable length, the COVID-19 era. In this setting, a common coordinated approach to treat patients harboring brain tumors is urgently required to guarantee the best updated oncological care and to reduce the risk of viral infection during hospitalization. The study group on Neuro-oncology of Italian Society of Neurosurgery, SINCh gathered pieces of evidence and data and would like to suggest a practice protocol of care for neurosurgical oncologic procedures in the COVID-19 era. The present document is aimed at summarizing current evidence and expert opinions to help neurosurgeons in taking decisions on their patients harboring different brain tumors."}, {"pmid": 32284192, "pmcid": "PMC7135685", "title": "[Coronavirus and primary care].", "journal": "Aten Primaria", "authors": ["Llor, Carles", "Moragas, Ana"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284192", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289080, "pmcid": "PMC7140244", "title": "One world, one health: The novel coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Med Clin (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Trilla, Antoni"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289080", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332520, "pmcid": "PMC7199775", "title": "Reply of \"The outbreak of COVID-19 -An overview\".", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Wu, Yi-Chi", "Chen, Ching-Sung", "Chan, Yu-Jiun"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332520", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32189081, "pmcid": "PMC7087612", "title": "AI-Driven Tools for Coronavirus Outbreak: Need of Active Learning and Cross-Population Train/Test Models on Multitudinal/Multimodal Data.", "journal": "J Med Syst", "authors": ["Santosh, K C"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32189081", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, which was identified in late 2019, requires special attention because of its future epidemics and possible global threats. Beside clinical procedures and treatments, since Artificial Intelligence (AI) promises a new paradigm for healthcare, several different AI tools that are built upon Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are employed for analyzing data and decision-making processes. This means that AI-driven tools help identify COVID-19 outbreaks as well as forecast their nature of spread across the globe. However, unlike other healthcare issues, for COVID-19, to detect COVID-19, AI-driven tools are expected to have active learning-based cross-population train/test models that employs multitudinal and multimodal data, which is the primary purpose of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32428041, "pmcid": "PMC7237008", "title": "Study of the mental health status of medical personnel dealing with new coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Xing, Jun", "Sun, Ning", "Xu, Jun", "Geng, Shuling", "Li, Yuqian"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428041", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper studied the relationship between personality traits and mental health conditions of medical personnel to provide a basis and reference for the implementation of targeted education on mental health. A self-report inventory, the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), was used to investigate the mental health status of 548 medical personnel dealing with the new coronavirus pneumonia in eight provinces and cities of China. The overall mean SCL-90 score and mean values of factors (somatization, obsessive-compulsive, anxiety, phobic anxiety, and psychoticism) of the medical personnel were significantly higher than in the norm group (p < 0.05), while their average interpersonal sensitivity score was significantly lower (p < 0.01). In addition, personal factors affecting the mental health status of medical personnel were identified (all p < 0.05). The overall mental health status of medical personnel responding to new coronavirus pneumonia is generally higher than that of the norm group in China. The results of this study should contribute to measures to alleviate the psychological pressures on medical personnel dealing with the new coronavirus epidemic in China."}, {"pmid": 32461672, "pmcid": "PMC7251555", "title": "Kawasaki disease linked to COVID-19 in children.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Moreira, Alvaro"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461672", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376613, "title": "Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection by the cyclophilin inhibitor Alisporivir (Debio 025).", "journal": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "authors": ["Softic, Laurent", "Brillet, Rozenn", "Berry, Francois", "Ahnou, Nazim", "Nevers, Quentin", "Morin-Dewaele, Margot", "Hamadat, Sabah", "Bruscella, Patrice", "Fourati, Slim", "Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel", "Ahmed-Belkacem, Abdelhakim"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376613", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cyclophilins play a key role in the lifecycle of coronaviruses. Alisporivir (Debio 025) is a non-immunosuppressive analogue of cyclosporin A with potent cyclophilin inhibition properties. Alisporivir reduced SARS-CoV-2 RNA production in a dose-dependent manner in VeroE6 cell line, with an EC50 of 0.46\u00b10.04 \u03bcM. Alisporivir inhibited a post-entry step of the SARS-CoV-2 lifecycle. These results justify that a proof-of-concept Phase 2 trial be rapidly conducted with alisporivir in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32369584, "pmcid": "PMC7239180", "title": "Reply: Practical experiences on the prevention and treatment strategies to fight against COVID-19 in hospital.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Fang, Yeqing", "Deng, Qiwen", "Yu, Zhijian", "Wang, Hongyan", "Zhang, Songrong"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369584", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503305, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on Urology Practice: A Global Perspective and Snapshot Analysis.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Gravas, Stavros", "Bolton, Damien", "Gomez, Reynaldo", "Klotz, Laurence", "Kulkarni, Sanjay", "Tanguay, Simon", "de la Rosette, Jean"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503305", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global impact of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on urology practice remains unknown. Self-selected urologists worldwide completed an online survey by the Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Internationale d'Urologie (SIU). A total of 2494 urologists from 76 countries responded, including 1161 (46.6%) urologists in an academic setting, 719 (28.8%) in a private practice, and 614 (24.6%) in the public sector. The largest proportion (1074 (43.1%)) were from Europe, with the remainder from East/Southeast Asia (441 (17.7%)), West/Southwest Asia (386 (15.5%)), Africa (209 (8.4%)), South America (198 (7.9%)), and North America (186 (7.5%)). An analysis of differences in responses was carried out by region and practice setting. The results reveal significant restrictions in outpatient consultation and non-emergency surgery, with nonspecific efforts towards additional precautions for preventing the spread of COVID-19 during emergency surgery. These restrictions were less notable in East/Southeast Asia. Urologists often bear the decision-making responsibility regarding access to elective surgery (40.3%). Restriction of both outpatient clinics and non-emergency surgery is considerable worldwide but is lower in East/Southeast Asia. Measures to control the spread of COVID-19 during emergency surgery are common but not specific. The pandemic has had a profound impact on urology practice. There is an urgent need to provide improved guidance for this and future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32525695, "title": "Speech-Language Pathology Guidance for Tracheostomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An International Multidisciplinary Perspective.", "journal": "Am J Speech Lang Pathol", "authors": ["Zaga, Charissa J", "Pandian, Vinciya", "Brodsky, Martin B", "Wallace, Sarah", "Cameron, Tanis S", "Chao, Caroline", "Orloff, Lisa Ann", "Atkins, Naomi E", "McGrath, Brendan A", "Lazarus, Cathy L", "Vogel, Adam P", "Brenner, Michael J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525695", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purpose As the COVID-19 pandemic has unfolded, there has been growing recognition of risks to frontline health care workers. When caring for patients with tracheostomy, speech-language pathologists have significant exposure to mucosal surfaces, secretions, and aerosols that may harbor the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This tutorial provides guidance on practices for safely performing patient evaluation and procedures, thereby reducing risk of infection. Method Data were collated through review of literature, guidelines, and consensus statements relating to COVID-19 and similar high-consequent infections, with a focus on mitigating risk of transmission to health care workers. Particular emphasis was placed on speech-language pathologists, nurses, and other allied health professionals. A multinational interdisciplinary team then analyzed findings, arriving at recommendations through consensus via electronic communications and video conference. Results Reports of transmission of infection to health care workers in the current COVID-19 pandemic and previous outbreaks substantiate the need for safe practices. Many procedures routinely performed by speech-language pathologists have a significant risk of infection due to aerosol generation. COVID-19 testing can inform level of protective equipment, and meticulous hygiene can stem spread of nosocomial infection. Modifications to standard clinical practice in tracheostomy are often required. Personal protective equipment, including either powered air-purifying respirator or N95 mask, gloves, goggles, and gown, are needed when performing aerosol-generating procedures in patients with known or suspected COVID-19 infection. Conclusions Speech-language pathologists are often called on to assist in the care of patients with tracheostomy and known or suspected COVID-19 infection. Appropriate care of these patients is predicated on maintaining the health and safety of the health care team. Careful adherence to best practices can significantly reduce risk of infectious transmission."}, {"pmid": 32376057, "pmcid": "PMC7172912", "title": "[Management of CO2 absorbent while using the anesthesia machine as a mechanical ventilator on patients with COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Bras Anestesiol", "authors": ["Torres, Marcelo Luis Abramides", "Canhisares, Fernando Augusto Tavares", "Quintao, Vinicius Caldeira"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376057", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348640, "pmcid": "PMC7204428", "title": "Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest during the Covid-19 Outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Baldi, Enrico", "Sechi, Giuseppe M", "Mare, Claudio", "Canevari, Fabrizio", "Brancaglione, Antonella", "Primi, Roberto", "Klersy, Catherine", "Palo, Alessandra", "Contri, Enrico", "Ronchi, Vincenza", "Beretta, Giorgio", "Reali, Francesca", "Parogni, Pierpaolo", "Facchin, Fabio", "Bua, Davide", "Rizzi, Ugo", "Bussi, Daniele", "Ruggeri, Simone", "Oltrona Visconti, Luigi", "Savastano, Simone"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348640", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482976, "title": "Increased Mortality and Major Complications in Hip Fracture Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A New York City Perspective.", "journal": "J Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Egol, Kenneth A", "Konda, Sanjit R", "Bird, Mackenzie L", "Dedhia, Nicket", "Landes, Emma K", "Ranson, Rachel A", "Solasz, Sara J", "Aggarwal, Vinay K", "Bosco, Joseph A 3rd", "Furgiuele, David L", "Ganta, Abhishek", "Gould, Jason", "Lyon, Thomas R", "McLaurin, Toni M", "Tejwani, Nirmal C", "Zuckerman, Joseph D", "Leucht, Philipp"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482976", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine one health system's response to the essential care of its hip fracture population during the COVID-19 pandemic and report on its effect on patient outcomes. Prospective cohort study SETTING:: Seven musculoskeletal care centers with New York City and Long Island. 138 recent and 115 historical hip fracture patients. Patients with hip fractures occurring between February 1, 2020 and April 15, 2020 or between February 1, 2019 and April 15, 2019 were prospectively enrolled in an orthopedic trauma registry and chart reviewed for demographic and hospital quality measures. Patients with recent hip fractures were identified as COVID positive (C+), COVID suspected (Cs) or COVID negative (C-). Hospital quality measures, inpatient complications and mortality rates. Seventeen (12.2%) patients were confirmed C+ by testing and another 14 (10.1%) were suspected (Cs) of having had the virus but were never tested. The C+ cohort, when compared to Cs and C- cohorts, had: an increased mortality rate (35.3% vs 7.1% vs 0.9%), increased length of hospital stay, a greater major complication rate and a greater incidence of ventilator need postoperatively. COVID-19 had a devastating effect on the care of hip fracture patients during the pandemic. Although practice patterns generally remained unchanged, treating physicians need to understand the increased morbidity and mortality in hip fracture patients complicated by COVID-19. Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of Levels of Evidence."}, {"pmid": 32390097, "pmcid": "PMC7211559", "title": "Gastrointestinal cancer surgery and enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Langenbecks Arch Surg", "authors": ["Sica, G S", "Campanelli, Michela", "Bellato, V", "Monteleone, G"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390097", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414550, "pmcid": "PMC7151327", "title": "ST-segment Elevation, Myocardial Injury, and Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Patients: Diagnostic and Treatment Uncertainties.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Bennett, Courtney E", "Anavekar, Nandan S", "Gulati, Rajiv", "Singh, Mandeep", "Kane, Garvan C", "Sandoval, Yader", "Foley, Thomas A", "Jaffe, Allan S", "Sandhu, Gurpreet S", "Bell, Malcolm R", "Askew, J Wells"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414550", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32164400, "title": "[Epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Tianjin].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Dong, X C", "Li, J M", "Bai, J Y", "Liu, Z Q", "Zhou, P H", "Gao, L", "Li, X Y", "Zhang, Y"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32164400", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of 135 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Tianjin. Methods: The clinical and epidemiological data of 135 cases of COVID-19 in Tianjin were collected, and the data were analyzed with descriptive method. The factors influencing the severity of the illness were analyzed. Results: Among the 135 COVID-19 cases, 72 were males and 63 were females, the age of the cases was (48.62\u00b116.83) years, and the case fatality rate was 2.22%. Local transmission caused 74.81% of the cases. A total of 33 clusters occurred, involving 85.92% of all COVID-19 cases. The median of the incubation period of COVID-19 was 6.50 days, the average generation interval was 5 days, and the household secondary transmission rate was 20.46%. Fever was the main symptom (78.63%), followed by cough (56.48%). Multivariate regression analysis indicated that age (OR=1.038, 95%CI: 1.010-1.167) and the number of chronic underlying diseases (OR=1.709, 95%CI: 1.052-2.777) were the risk factors of severe illness. Conclusions: Fever was the main symptom at the early phase of COVID-19 in Tianjin, and the local cluster cases accounted for high proportion in confirmed COVID-19 cases reported in Tianjin. Severe illness was prone to occur in people with old age and multi underlying diseases. Strict isolation of close contacts and intensive care of high-risk groups are the main measures to reduce the morbidity and case fatality of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32416989, "pmcid": "PMC7184001", "title": "Failure modes and effect analysis to develop transfer protocols in the management of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Sevastru, Stefan", "Curtis, Sam", "Emanuel Kole, Lola", "Nadarajah, Premala"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416989", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395791, "title": "Covid-19, chronicles of a forecasted pandemic.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Abdelmalek, Rim"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395791", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528194, "pmcid": "PMC7282440", "title": "Perspectives on repositioning chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of Covid-19.", "journal": "Sudan J Paediatr", "authors": ["Adeel, Ahmed Awad"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528194", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now spreading as a pandemic ravaging the whole world. In the absence of a vaccine and an effective antiviral chemotherapy, there is currently an intense global interest in repositioning chloroquine (CQ) and its derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) to combat the pandemic. CQ has been used for decades for the treatment and prophylaxis against malaria in endemic countries. It is readily available and has also been manufactured in these countries. CQ is cheap, stable under field conditions and has been well tolerated as an antimalarial. This experience could be adapted to deploy CQ or HCQ for prophylaxis or treatment of COVID19 if strong evidence could be generated for these uses. We believe that well-designed drug trials should be initiated in malaria-endemic countries, taking into account the local context of the epidemic and the capacity of the health system in combating it. In this paper, we are presenting the current status of evidence for using CQ and HCQ against COVID19."}, {"pmid": 32422085, "pmcid": "PMC7224607", "title": "Cytokine Levels in the Body Fluids of a Patient With COVID-19 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Report.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Wang, Changsong", "Kang, Kai", "Gao, Yan", "Ye, Ming", "Lan, Xiuwen", "Li, Xueting", "Zhao, Mingyan", "Yu, Kaijiang"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422085", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360448, "pmcid": "PMC7194898", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 positivity in a discharged COVID-19 patient: a case report.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Li, J", "Long, X", "Fang, X", "Zhang, Q", "Hu, S", "Lin, Z", "Xiong, N"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360448", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356423, "pmcid": "PMC7200178", "title": "Witch-hunt Cannot Eradicate COVID-19.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Chung, Beom Sun"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356423", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526282, "title": "Computational modelling of flavivirus dynamics: the ins and outs.", "journal": "Methods", "authors": ["Huber, Roland G", "Marzinek, Jan K", "Ls Boon, Priscilla", "Yue, Wan", "Bond, Peter J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526282", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Enveloped viruses such as the flaviviruses represent a significant burden to human health around the world, with hundreds of millions of people each year affected by dengue alone. In an effort to improve our understanding of the molecular basis for the infective mechanisms of these viruses, extensive computational modelling approaches have been applied to elucidate their conformational dynamics. Multiscale protocols have been developed to simulate flavivirus envelopes in close accordance with biophysical data, in particular derived from cryo-electron microscopy, enabling high-resolution refinement of their structures and elucidation of the conformational changes associated with adaptation both to host environments and to immunological factors such as antibodies. Likewise, integrative modelling efforts combining data from biophysical experiments and from genome sequencing with chemical modification are providing unparalleled insights into the architecture of the previously unresolved nucleocapsid complex. Collectively, this work provides the basis for the future rational design of new antiviral therapeutics and vaccine development strategies targeting enveloped viruses."}, {"pmid": 32311327, "pmcid": "PMC7164870", "title": "Rural areas at risk during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ranscombe, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311327", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328698, "pmcid": "PMC7179794", "title": "Being a foot and ankle surgeon in Italy in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc", "authors": ["Usuelli, Federico Giuseppe", "D'Ambrosi, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328698", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434788, "pmcid": "PMC7246105", "title": "COVID-19 and lung cancer: risks, mechanisms and treatment interactions.", "journal": "J Immunother Cancer", "authors": ["Addeo, Alfredo", "Obeid, Michel", "Friedlaender, Alex"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434788", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cases of the 2019 novel coronavirus also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continue to rise worldwide. To date, there is no effective treatment. Clinical management is largely symptomatic, with organ support in intensive care for critically ill patients. The first phase I trial to test the efficacy of a vaccine has recently begun, but in the meantime there is an urgent need to decrease the morbidity and mortality of severe cases. It is known that patients with cancer are more susceptible to infection than individuals without cancer because of their systemic immunosuppressive state caused by the malignancy and anticancer treatments. Therefore, these patients might be at increased risk of pulmonary complications from COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 could in some case induce excessive and aberrant non-effective host immune responses that are associated with potentially fatal severe lung injury and patients can develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Cytokine release syndrome and viral ARDS result from uncontrolled severe acute inflammation. Acute lung injury results from inflammatory monocyte and macrophage activation in the pulmonary luminal epithelium which lead to a release of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1. These cytokines play a crucial role in immune-related pneumonitis, and could represent a promising target when the infiltration is T cell predominant or there are indirect signs of high IL-6-related inflammation, such as elevated C-reactive protein. A monoclonal anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, tocilizumab has been administered in a number of cases in China and Italy. Positive clinical and radiological outcomes have been reported. These early findings have led to an ongoing randomized controlled clinical trial in China and Italy. While data from those trials are eagerly awaited, patients' management will continue to rely for the vast majority on local guidelines. Among many other aspects, this crisis has proven that different specialists must join forces to deliver the best possible care to patients."}, {"pmid": 32403946, "pmcid": "PMC7222528", "title": "Coronavirus disease-2019 in cancer patients. A report of the first 25 cancer patients in a western country (Italy).", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Stroppa, Elisa Maria", "Toscani, Ilaria", "Citterio, Chiara", "Anselmi, Elisa", "Zaffignani, Elena", "Codeluppi, Mauro", "Cavanna, Luigi"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403946", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: We describe cancer patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection treated at the Piacenza's general hospital (north Italy). Materials & methods:\u00a0Twenty-five cancer patients infected by COVID-19 admitted at the Piacenza's general hospital from 21\u00a0February to 18 March 2020. Outcome from the infection were compared with infected noncancer patients. Results: Twenty patients (80%) were treated with antiviral therapy and hydroxychloroquine and five (20%) received hydroxychloroquine alone. Nine (36%) patients died, while 16 (64%) overcome the infection. In the control group the mortality was 16.13% and the overcome from infection was 83.87%. Conclusion: Mortality for COVID-19 was greater in cancer patients when compared with noncancer patients, worse prognosis for older age, women and patients treated with hydroxychloroquine alone. However, the comparisons did not reach statistical significance in most cases. This could be due to the small sample size that is the main limitation of the study."}, {"pmid": 32507692, "title": "Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients with gastrointestinal symptoms: A report of 164 cases.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Hu", "Liao, Yu-Sheng", "Gong, Jing", "Liu, Jing", "Xia, Xi", "Zhang, Heng"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507692", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the clinical characteristics of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) patients with gastrointestinal symptoms. The clinical data of 164 COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms were extracted and analysed retrospectively. In total, 505 COVID-19 patients were divided into two groups: those with gastrointestinal symptoms (G group) and those without gastrointestinal symptoms (NG group). Common gastrointestinal symptoms included inappetence, diarrhoea, nausea, abdominal pain, and vomiting. Significantly higher proportions of patients with fever, dizziness, myalgia, and fatigue were noted in group G than in group NG. Compared with patients without fever, there was a significant difference between G group and NG group in moderate fever or above, while there was no significant difference between the two groups in low fever. The laboratory results showed that patients in the G group had significantly higher C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and \u03b1-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase levels than those in the NG group. Moreover, the proportion of patients with severe pneumonia was significantly higher in the G group than in the NG group. In Wuhan, the proportion of COVID-19 patients who experience gastrointestinal symptoms is relatively high. Patients who experience gastrointestinal symptoms are more likely to suffer from severe pneumonia, which may help clinicians identify patients at high risk of COVID-19 and thus reduce the incidence of this condition."}, {"pmid": 32450148, "pmcid": "PMC7244410", "title": "Positive FIT or Cologuard in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Mago, Sheena", "Young, Patrick E", "Tadros, Micheal"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350571, "pmcid": "PMC7190393", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 will continue to circulate in the human population: an opinion from the point of view of the virus-host relationship.", "journal": "Inflamm Res", "authors": ["Oberemok, Volodymyr V", "Laikova, Kateryna V", "Yurchenko, Kseniya A", "Fomochkina, Irina I", "Kubyshkin, Anatolii V"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350571", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the population level, the virus-host relationship is not set up to end with the complete elimination of either or both. Pathogen-resistant individuals will always remain in the host population. In turn, the virus can never completely eliminate the host population, because evolutionarily such an event is a dead end for the virus as an obligate intracellular parasite. A certain existential balance exists in the virus-host relationship. Against this backdrop, viral epidemics and pandemics only become manifest and egregious to human beings when tens and hundreds of thousands of people die and the question emerges what caused the high mortality peaks on the death chart. The answer seems clear; the emerging strain of the virus is new to the host population, and new mutations of the virus and natural selection will lead to a survival of only genetically resistant individuals in a host population. The dangers inherent to a novel virus are due to new features generally inthe molecular structure of proteins, which enable the virus to infect the cells of the host organism more intensively, dramatically challenging host immunity, and thus be transmitted more readily in the host population. In this article, we will concentrate on the facts currently available about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic and try to predict its development and consequences based on the virus-host relationship. In fact, only two scenarios will occur simultaneously in the very near future: people who are genetically resistant to the virus will get sick, recover, and develop immunity, while people who are sensitive to the virus will need drugs and vaccines, which will have to be researched and developed if they are to recover. If the pandemic does not stop, in a few decades it is anticipated that SARS-CoV-2 will become as safe as the four non-severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E) currently circulating but causing low mortality in the human population."}, {"pmid": 32380337, "pmcid": "PMC7198421", "title": "Neurosurgical Practice During the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic: A Worldwide Survey.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Fontanella, Marco M", "De Maria, Lucio", "Zanin, Luca", "Saraceno, Giorgio", "Terzi di Bergamo, Lodovico", "Servadei, Franco", "Chaurasia, Bipin", "Olivi, Alessandro", "Vajkoczy, Peter", "Schaller, Karl", "Cappabianca, Paolo", "Doglietto, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380337", "countries": ["India", "Italy", "Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has consistently changed medical practice throughout specialties, regardless of their contribution in facing the disease itself. We surveyed neurosurgeons worldwide to investigate the situation they are experiencing. A 17-question, web-based survey was administered to neurosurgeons worldwide through the World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies and the Neurosurgery Cocktail from March 28 to April 5, 2020, by web link or e-mail invitation. Questions were divided into 3 subgroups: general information, health system organization, and institutional plans for the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Collected data were initially elaborated using SurveyMonkey software. Country-specific data were extracted from the World Health Organization website. Statistical analysis was performed using R, version 3.6.3. Of the 446 respondents, most were from Italy (20%), India (19%), and Pakistan (5%). Surgical activity was significantly reduced in most centers (79%) and dedicated in-hospital routes were created for patients with SARS-CoV-2 (58%). Patient screening was performed only when there were symptoms (57%) and not routinely before surgery (18%). The preferred methods included a nasopharyngeal swab and chest radiograph. Health professionals were rarely screened (20%) and sometimes, even if SARS-CoV-2 positive, were asked to work if asymptomatic (26%). Surgical planning was changed in most institutions (92%), whereas indications were modified for nonurgent procedures (59%) and remained unchanged for subarachnoid hemorrhages (85%). Most neurosurgeons worldwide reported work reorganization and practices that respond to current international guidelines. Differences in practice might be related to the perception of the pandemic and significant differences in the health systems. Sharing data and experiences will be of paramount importance to address the present moment and challenges in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32235945, "title": "Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Wolfel, Roman", "Corman, Victor M", "Guggemos, Wolfgang", "Seilmaier, Michael", "Zange, Sabine", "Muller, Marcel A", "Niemeyer, Daniela", "Jones, Terry C", "Vollmar, Patrick", "Rothe, Camilla", "Hoelscher, Michael", "Bleicker, Tobias", "Brunink, Sebastian", "Schneider, Julia", "Ehmann, Rosina", "Zwirglmaier, Katrin", "Drosten, Christian", "Wendtner, Clemens"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235945", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease\u00a02019 (COVID-19) is an acute infection of the respiratory tract that emerged in late 20191,2. Initial outbreaks in China involved 13.8% of cases with severe courses, and 6.1% of cases with critical courses3. This severe presentation may result from the virus using a virus receptor that is expressed predominantly in the lung2,4; the same receptor tropism is thought to have determined the pathogenicity-but also aided in the control-of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 20035. However, there are reports of cases of COVID-19 in which the patient shows mild upper respiratory tract symptoms, which suggests the potential for pre- or oligosymptomatic transmission6-8. There is an urgent need for information on virus replication, immunity and infectivity in specific sites of the body. Here we report a detailed virological analysis of nine cases of COVID-19 that provides proof of active virus replication in tissues of the upper respiratory tract. Pharyngeal virus shedding was very high during the first week of symptoms, with a peak at 7.11\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0108\u00a0RNA copies per throat swab on day\u00a04. Infectious virus was readily isolated from samples derived from the throat or lung, but not from stool samples-in spite of high concentrations of virus RNA. Blood and urine samples never yielded virus. Active replication in the throat was confirmed by the presence of viral replicative RNA intermediates in the throat samples. We consistently detected sequence-distinct virus populations in throat and lung samples from one patient, proving independent replication. The shedding of viral RNA from sputum outlasted the end of symptoms. Seroconversion occurred after 7\u00a0days in 50% of patients (and by day\u00a014 in all patients), but was not followed by a rapid decline in viral load. COVID-19 can present as a mild illness of the upper respiratory tract. The confirmation of active virus replication in the upper respiratory tract has implications for the containment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32398877, "title": "The fight to end tuberculosis must not be forgotten in the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Manyazewal, Tsegahun", "Woldeamanuel, Yimtubezinash", "Blumberg, Henry M", "Fekadu, Abebaw", "Marconi, Vincent C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398877", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522845, "title": "Managing hand and reconstructive microsurgery service during COVID-19 pandemic: Singapore experience.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Omar, Usama Farghaly", "Pei Yein, Tong", "Rajaratnam, Vaikunthan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522845", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Managing healthcare service during pandemics and outbreaks is a challenging process. The aim is to keep patient safety as the priority, besides, continuing to provide essential healthcare services. Situational audit was performed for the services rendered before and during COVID-19 pandemic and the elevation of the disease alert status, and a retrospective analysis of the attendance and procedures performed in the service. We present a methodology for performing a situational audit and generating service modification for hand and reconstructive microsurgery unit in a pandemic. There was no significant difference between the number of patients seen at outpatient clinics. However, there was a reduction in the numbers of total surgeries performed, with a 40% drop in the number of elective surgeries performed. There was also a reduction of cases seen in the emergency department hand clinic. COVID-19 pandemic is currently affecting not only the health service but also, other vital services all over the world. The pandemic puts significant challenges to acute surgical services in a hospital system involved in the management of the pandemic. Surgeons need to take proactive and a systematic approach in managing the available resources while maintaining essential surgical services. This paper provides the tools and methodology for doctors to plan their services in a pandemic situation. It is possible to maintain essential surgical services in a pandemic situation through rapid situational audits and generating localised strategies while considering the constraints imposed during the pandemics while maintaining patient and staff safety."}, {"pmid": 32405071, "pmcid": "PMC7219415", "title": "Continuing versus suspending angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers: Impact on adverse outcomes in hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Am Heart J", "authors": ["Lopes, Renato D", "Macedo, Ariane Vieira Scarlatelli", "de Barros E Silva, Pedro Gabriel Melo", "Moll-Bernardes, Renata Junqueira", "Feldman, Andre", "D'Andrea Saba Arruda, Guilherme", "de Souza, Andrea Silvestre", "de Albuquerque, Denilson Campos", "Mazza, Lilian", "Santos, Mayara Fraga", "Salvador, Natalia Zerbinatti", "Gibson, C Michael", "Granger, Christopher B", "Alexander, John H", "de Souza, Olga Ferreira"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405071", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32278757, "pmcid": "PMC7144607", "title": "COVID-19: Travel health and the implications for sub -Saharan Africa.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Iken, Oluwatomi", "Abakporo, Uzoma", "Ayobami, Olaniyi", "Attoye, Timothy"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500379, "pmcid": "PMC7271958", "title": "COVID-19 and heme oxygenase: novel insight into the disease and potential therapies.", "journal": "Cell Stress Chaperones", "authors": ["Hooper, Philip L"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500379", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic needs therapies that are presently available and safe. We propose that subjects with metabolic syndrome, old age, and male gender have the greatest morbidity and mortality and have low stress proteins, in particular, low intracellular heme oxygenase (HO-1), making them particularly vulnerable to the disease. Additionally, COVID-19's heme reduction may contribute to even lower HO-1. Low-grade inflammation associated with these risk factors contributes to triggering a cytokine storm that spreads to multi-organ failure and near death. The high mortality of those treated with ventilator assistance may partially be explained by ventilator-induced inflammation. The cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of HO-1 can limit the infection's damage. A paradox of COVID-19 hospital admissions data suggests that fewer cigarette-smokers are admitted compared with non-smokers in the general population. This unexpected observation may result from smoke induction of HO-1. Therapies with anti-viral properties that raise HO-1 include certain anesthetics (sevoflurane or isoflurane), hemin, estrogen, statins, curcumin, resveratrol, and melatonin. Controlled trials of these HO-1 inducers should be done in order to prevent or treat COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32358763, "pmcid": "PMC7194080", "title": "Regional anesthesia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a time to reconsider practices? (Letter #1).", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Soberon, Jose R Jr", "Urdaneta, Felipe"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358763", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374886, "title": "icumonitoring.ch: a platform for short-term forecasting of intensive care unit occupancy during the COVID-19 epidemic in Switzerland.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Zhao, Cheng", "Tepekule, Burcu", "Criscuolo, Nicola G", "Wendel Garcia, Pedro D", "Hilty, Matthias P", "Risc-Icu Consortium Investigators In Switzerland", "Fumeaux, Thierry", "Van Boeckel, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374886", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Switzerland, the COVID-19 epidemic is progressively slowing down owing to &ldquo;social distancing&rdquo; measures introduced by the Federal Council on 16 March 2020. However, the gradual ease of these measures may initiate a second epidemic wave, the length and intensity of which are difficult to anticipate. In this context, hospitals must prepare for a potential increase in intensive care unit (ICU) admissions of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Here, we introduce icumonitoring.ch, a platform providing hospital-level projections for ICU occupancy. We combined current data on the number of beds and ventilators with canton-level projections of COVID-19 cases from two S-E-I-R models. We disaggregated epidemic projection in each hospital in Switzerland for the number of COVID-19 cases, hospitalisations, hospitalisations in ICU, and ventilators in use. The platform is updated every 3-4 days and can incorporate projections from other modelling teams to inform decision makers with a range of epidemic scenarios for future hospital occupancy."}, {"pmid": 32184199, "pmcid": "PMC7124162", "title": "Working together to contain and manage COVID-19.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Laupacis, Andreas"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184199", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241023, "pmcid": "PMC7184508", "title": "Gargle lavage as a safe and sensitive alternative to swab samples to diagnose COVID-19: a case report in Japan.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Saito, Makoto", "Adachi, Eisuke", "Yamayoshi, Seiya", "Koga, Michiko", "Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Kiyoko", "Kawaoka, Yoshihiro", "Yotsuyanagi, Hiroshi"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241023", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384306, "pmcid": "PMC7236848", "title": "Rapid Development and Deployment of an International Omaha System Evidence-Based Guideline to Support the COVID-19 Response.", "journal": "Comput Inform Nurs", "authors": ["Monsen, Karen A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32005675, "title": "Response to the emerging novel coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Kickbusch, Ilona", "Leung, Gabriel"], "date": "2020-02-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32005675", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432672, "title": "Simulated Sunlight Rapidly Inactivates SARS-CoV-2 on Surfaces.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ratnesar-Shumate, Shanna", "Williams, Gregory", "Green, Brian", "Krause, Melissa", "Holland, Brian", "Wood, Stewart", "Bohannon, Jordan", "Boydston, Jeremy", "Freeburger, Denise", "Hooper, Idris", "Beck, Katie", "Yeager, John", "Altamura, Louis A", "Biryukov, Jennifer", "Yolitz, Jason", "Schuit, Michael", "Wahl, Victoria", "Hevey, Michael", "Dabisch, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432672", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous studies have demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 is stable on surfaces for extended periods under indoor conditions. In the present study, simulated sunlight rapidly inactivated SARS-CoV-2 suspended in either simulated saliva or culture media and dried on stainless steel coupons. Ninety percent of infectious virus was inactivated every 6.8 minutes in simulated saliva and every 14.3 minutes in culture media when exposed to simulated sunlight representative of the summer solstice at 40oN latitude at sea level on a clear day. Significant inactivation also occurred, albeit at a slower rate, under lower simulated sunlight levels. The present study provides the first evidence that sunlight may rapidly inactivate SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces, suggesting that persistence, and subsequently exposure risk, may vary significantly between indoor and outdoor environments. Additionally, these data indicate that natural sunlight may be effective as a disinfectant for contaminated non-porous materials."}, {"pmid": 32501397, "pmcid": "PMC7251217", "title": "\"The ancient and the new\": is there an interaction between cytomegalovirus and SARS-CoV-2 infection?", "journal": "Immun Ageing", "authors": ["Moss, Paul"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501397", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic represents one of the greatest infectious challenges to humanity in recent history. One of the striking features of infection is the heterogeneous clinical response with worse outcomes observed in older patients and those with underlying health conditions. To date the potential impact of previous infection history has been poorly\u00a0investigated as a potential determinant of risk. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), a persistent herpesvirus infection whose prevalence increases with age, is a major modulator of immune function and several observations suggest that infection might act to influence clinical outcome following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In particular, CMV is associated with the acceleration of immune senescence and has been linked to a range of cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. This review addresses mechanisms by which cytomegalovirus infection may act to worsen the clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection, discusses how these potential links could be investigated, and assesses the potential significance of any findings that emerge."}, {"pmid": 32386804, "pmcid": "PMC7195283", "title": "Imaging & other potential predictors of deterioration in COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Shah, Kaushal", "Kamler, Jonathan", "Phan, Alexander", "Toy, Dennis"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386804", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This case report describes a young patient with COVID-19 who is initially diagnosed with CT chest imaging. Upon admission to the hospital, his clinical condition deteriorates requiring ventilatory support. We explore the value of imaging and other potential predictors of deterioration."}, {"pmid": 32480303, "title": "Telemedicine and the challenge of epilepsy management at the time of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Epilepsy Behav", "authors": ["Brigo, Francesco", "Bonavita, Simona", "Leocani, Letizia", "Tedeschi, Gioacchino", "Lavorgna, Luigi"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480303", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510771, "title": "COVID-19 In Lung Transplant Recipients: A Case Series From Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Morlacchi, Letizia Corinna", "Rossetti, Valeria", "Gigli, Lorenzo", "Amati, Francesco", "Rosso, Lorenzo", "Aliberti, Stefano", "Nosotti, Mario", "Blasi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510771", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Limited data is currently available regarding the course of COVID-19 in lung and solid organ transplant recipients. We hereby present 4 cases of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in lung transplant recipients from our centre, set in Milan, Italy. We reduced immunosuppressive regimen in all these patients, typically holding the antiproliferative agent and augmenting steroids; everybody received hydroxychloroquine, initial empiric antibiotic treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam and high dose low molecular weight heparin. Clinical course seemed favourable in three of our patients, but one of them deteriorated after 10 days of hospitalization, probably due to an acute form of graft dysfunction triggered both by COVID19 and a nosocomial bacterial infection, and eventually died. Although short-term prognosis could be considered benign in the majority of our patients, we should carefully monitor these individuals in order to detect early sign of clinical deterioration and graft dysfunction in the next few months."}, {"pmid": 32205350, "pmcid": "PMC7179581", "title": "Tilorone, a Broad-Spectrum Antiviral for Emerging Viruses.", "journal": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "authors": ["Ekins, Sean", "Madrid, Peter B"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205350", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tilorone is a 50-year-old synthetic small-molecule compound with antiviral activity that is proposed to induce interferon after oral administration. This drug is used as a broad-spectrum antiviral in several countries of the Russian Federation. We have recently described activity in vitro and in vivo against the Ebola virus. After a broad screening of additional viruses, we now describe in vitro activity against Chikungunya virus (CHIK) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)."}, {"pmid": 32201156, "pmcid": "PMC7194939", "title": "Multiple parameters required for diagnosis of COVID-19 in clinical practice.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Lei, Pinggui", "Fan, Bing", "Mao, Jujiang", "Wang, Pingxian"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201156", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348545, "pmcid": "PMC7267236", "title": "Classification of the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a rapid prospective nationwide consensus study in Spain with 375 cases.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Galvan Casas, C", "Catala, A", "Carretero Hernandez, G", "Rodriguez-Jimenez, P", "Fernandez Nieto, D", "Rodriguez-Villa Lario, A", "Navarro Fernandez, I", "Ruiz-Villaverde, R", "Falkenhain, D", "Llamas Velasco, M", "Garcia-Gavin, J", "Baniandres, O", "Gonzalez-Cruz, C", "Morillas-Lahuerta, V", "Cubiro, X", "Figueras Nart, I", "Selda-Enriquez, G", "Romani, J", "Fusta-Novell, X", "Melian-Olivera, A", "Roncero Riesco, M", "Burgos-Blasco, P", "Sola Ortigosa, J", "Feito Rodriguez, M", "Garcia-Doval, I"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348545", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 disease are poorly characterized. To describe the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 disease and to relate them to other clinical findings. We carried out a nationwide case collection survey of images and clinical data. Using a consensus we described five clinical patterns. We later described the association of these patterns with patient demographics, the timing in relation to symptoms of the disease, the severity and the prognosis. The lesions may be classified as acral areas of erythema with vesicles or pustules (pseudo-chilblain) (19%), other vesicular eruptions (9%), urticarial lesions (19%), maculopapular eruptions (47%) and livedo or necrosis (6%). Vesicular eruptions appear early in the course of the disease (15% before other symptoms). The pseudo-chilblain pattern frequently appears late in the evolution of the COVID-19 disease (59% after other symptoms), while the rest tend to appear with other symptoms of COVID-19. The severity of COVID-19 shows a gradient from less severe disease in acral lesions to more severe in the latter groups. The results are similar for confirmed and suspected cases, in terms of both clinical and epidemiological findings. Alternative diagnoses are discussed but seem unlikely for the most specific patterns (pseudo-chilblain and vesicular). We provide a description of the cutaneous manifestations associated with COVID-19 infection. These may help clinicians approach patients with the disease and recognize cases presenting with few symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32387795, "pmcid": "PMC7190508", "title": "COVID19 pandemic and people with opioid use disorder: innovation to reduce risk.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Vecchio, Sarah", "Ramella, Roberto", "Drago, Alessandra", "Carraro, Daniele", "Littlewood, Richard", "Somaini, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387795", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic is creating a vast and growing number of challenges for all. People with a history of opioid use disorder (OUD) also may be exposed to additional risks. Piedmont one of the areas most severely affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, with large numbers of people infected and related mortality. In the region, specialists responsible for OUD care identified the risk that the existing care system exposed patients to. Teams designed and implemented innovation approaches to enable continuation of care and reduce the inherent system risk to patients with OUD."}, {"pmid": 32414839, "title": "Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in PBS for Molecular Detection.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Perchetti, Garrett A", "Huang, Meei-Li", "Peddu, Vikas", "Jerome, Keith R", "Greninger, Alexander L"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414839", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "RNA viruses often require \"cold-chains\" of transportation to prevent the breakdown of genetic material.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32304928, "pmcid": "PMC7152880", "title": "When basic supplies are missing, what to do? Specific demands of the local street population in times of coronavirus - a concern of social psychiatry.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Neto, Modesto Leite Rolim", "de Souza, Ricardo Inacio", "Quezado, Rosa Magda Martins", "Mendonca, Elayne Cristina Santos", "de Araujo, Tallys Iury", "Luz, Dayse Christina Rodrigues Pereira", "de Santana, Willma Jose", "Sampaio, Juliana Ribeiro Francelino", "Carvalho, Poliana Moreira de Medeiros", "Arrais, Tereza Maria Siqueira Nascimento", "Landim, Jose Marcondes Macedo", "da Silva, Claudio Gleideston Lima"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304928", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Homeless experts and some federal housing officials are sounding the alarm that the patchwork of government efforts to address the coronavirus outbreak risks leaving out one group of acutely vulnerable people: the homeless. In terms of isolation, it is too unclear what that looks like if you normally sleep on the streets. In this tough moment, when people should be turned away, not only it feels inhumane, but it is also a big public health risk, because where are they going to go? The studies were identified using large-sized newspapers with international circulation RESULTS: With more cities suspecting community transmission of the novel coronavirus, people who sleep in shelters or hunker down outside already have a lower life expectancy and often have underlying health conditions that put them at greater risk if they develop COVID-19 (Global News, 2020). These people face lack of sleep, malnutrition, and \"extreme stress levels just to meet their daily needs\", all of which weakens the immune system. Along with mental illness or substance abuse disorders, they are \"incredibly vulnerable to this virus\". Health organizations are well aware of the risks involved in mental health. A large population of homeless people experience their pain and psychological distress intermittently. For low-income patients, the various borderline situations related to health/illness involve growing expectations regarding the basic needs. This is a serious concern when linked to the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32449242, "title": "Prevention of thrombosis in pregnant women with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection: clinical management algorithm.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Lou-Mercade, A C", "Gavin, O", "Oros, D", "Paules, C", "Saviron-Cornudella, R", "Mateo, P", "Paramo, J A", "Ruiz-Martinez, S"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449242", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470513, "pmcid": "PMC7250547", "title": "Declining Admissions for Acute Cardiovascular Illness: The Covid-19 Paradox.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Ebinger, Joseph E", "Shah, Prediman K"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470513", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500851, "title": "African Resources and the Promise of Resilience against COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Blanton, Ronald E", "Mock, Nancy B", "Hiruy, Honelgn N", "Schieffelin, John S", "Doumbia, Seydou", "Happi, Christian", "Samuels, Robert J", "Oberhelman, Richard A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "African Resources and the Promise of Resilience against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32149772, "title": "Comparative effectiveness and safety of ribavirin plus interferon-alpha, lopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon-alpha, and ribavirin plus lopinavir/ritonavir plus interferon-alpha in patients with mild to moderate novel coronavirus disease 2019: study protocol.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Zeng, Yan-Ming", "Xu, Xiao-Lei", "He, Xiao-Qing", "Tang, Sheng-Quan", "Li, Yao", "Huang, Yin-Qiu", "Harypursat, Vijay", "Chen, Yao-Kai"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149772", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442527, "pmcid": "PMC7237177", "title": "Electron microscopy of SARS-CoV-2: a challenging task - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Varga, Zsuzsanna", "Flammer, Andreas J", "Steiger, Peter", "Haberecker, Martina", "Andermatt, Rea", "Zinkernagel, Annelies", "Mehra, Mandeep R", "Scholkmann, Felix", "Schupbach, Reto", "Ruschitzka, Frank", "Moch, Holger"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442527", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394416, "title": "Recommendations for Trauma and Emergency General Surgery Practice During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg", "authors": ["Gok, Ali Fuat Kaan", "Eryilmaz, Mehmet", "Ozmen, Mehmet Mahir", "Alimoglu, Orhan", "Ertekin, Cemalettin", "Kurtoglu, Mehmet Hamdi"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394416", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a new disease, based on currently available limited information, older adults and people of any age who have severe underlying medical conditions may be at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19. People of all age groups are also at risk. Healthcare providers have always been the professionals most exposed to the risk of contracting to any kind of infection due to the nature of their profession. Elective interventions have been postponed to give care of patients with COVID-19. However, some interventions cannot be delayed, such as trauma surgery, acute abdomen, and emergency endoscopies. To maintain the sustainability of the healthcare system, the protection of healthcare providers should be the top priority. On the other hand, patients, who need emergency healthcare, should also be provided with appropriate treatment. Healthcare professionals should choose a treatment method appropriately in the circumstances to protect themselves and their patients as much as possible. This paper aims to summarize how a surgeon may act appropriately when an intervention is inevitable during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32328533, "pmcid": "PMC7167363", "title": "Canada's role in strengthening global health security during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Chattu, Vijay Kumar", "Adisesh, Anil", "Yaya, Sanni"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328533", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is confronted by the current pandemic of Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19), which is a wake-up call for all nations irrespective of their development status or geographical location. Since the start of the century we have seen five big infectious outbreaks which proved that epidemics are no more regarded as historic and geographically confined threats. The Canadian government underlined that these infectious disease outbreaks are threats to global health security and disrupt societal wellbeing and development. In this context, the Public Health Agency of Canada is proactive and has shown its preparedness for outbreaks of emerging and epidemic-prone diseases, and in dealing with these pathogens. Even before the declaration of pandemic, Canada has proved its global health leadership by ensuring collective action and multisectoral coordination which still remains a serious challenge especially for low and middle- income countries with existing poor health systems. In this article we discuss how Canada is addressing the global challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic through its leadership and practice of global health diplomacy."}, {"pmid": 32415727, "pmcid": "PMC7267153", "title": "COVID-19 knowledge prevents biologics discontinuation: Data from an Italian multicenter survey during RED-ZONE declaration.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi", "Ricco, Matteo", "Pacifico, Alessia", "Malagoli, Piergiorgio", "Kridin, Khalaf", "Pigatto, Paolo", "Damiani, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415727", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 become pandemics and there is still a dearth of data about its the potentially among dermatological patients under biologics. We aimed to assess health literacy, disease knowledge, treatment dissatisfaction and biologics attitudes toward COVID-19. We performed a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey on 98/105 consecutive dermatological patients treated with biologics-51 suffering from plaque psoriasis, 22 from atopic dermatitis, and 25 from hidradenitis suppurativa. An ad hoc, validated questionnaire has 44 items investigating the following domains: knowledge of COVID-19 related to (a) epidemiology, (b) pathogenesis, (c) clinical symptoms, (d) preventive measures, and (e) attitudes. Patients data and questionnaires were collected. Despite only 8.1% thought that biologics may increase the risk of COVID-19, 18.4% and 21.4% of the patients were evaluating the possibility to discontinue or modify the dosage of the current biologic therapy, respectively. Globally, male patients (P = .001) with higher scholarity level (P = .005) displayed higher knowledge of COVID-19. Patients with lower DLQI (P = .006), longer disease duration (P = .051) and lower scholarity (P = .007) have thought to discontinue/modify autonomously their biologic therapy. At the multivariate logistic regression, only the knowledge of epidemiology and preventive measures resulted independent predictors of continuation vs discontinuation and modification vs no modification, respectively. Dermatologists should promote COVID-19 knowledge to prevent biologics disruption."}, {"pmid": 32408047, "pmcid": "PMC7198206", "title": "Development and initial validation of the COVID Stress Scales.", "journal": "J Anxiety Disord", "authors": ["Taylor, Steven", "Landry, Caeleigh A", "Paluszek, Michelle M", "Fergus, Thomas A", "McKay, Dean", "Asmundson, Gordon J G"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408047", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Research and clinical observations suggest that during times of pandemic many people exhibit stress- or anxiety-related responses that include fear of becoming infected, fear of coming into contact with possibly contaminated objects or surfaces, fear of foreigners who might be carrying infection (i.e., disease-related xenophobia), fear of the socio-economic consequences of the pandemic, compulsive checking and reassurance-seeking regarding possible pandemic-related threats, and traumatic stress symptoms about the pandemic (e.g., nightmares, intrusive thoughts). We developed the 36-item COVID Stress Scales (CSS) to measure these features, as they pertain to COVID-19. The CSS were developed to better understand and assess COVID-19-related distress. The scales were intentionally designed so they could be readily adapted for future pandemics. The CSS were developed and initially validated in population-representative samples from Canada (N = 3479) and the United States (N = 3375). A stable 5-factor solution was identified, corresponding to scales assessing COVID-related stress and anxiety symptoms: (1) Danger and contamination fears, (2) fears about economic consequences, (3) xenophobia, (4) compulsive checking and reassurance seeking, and (5) traumatic stress symptoms about COVID-19. The scales performed well on various indices of reliability and validity. The scales were intercorrelated, providing evidence of a COVID Stress Syndrome. The scales offer promise as tools for better understanding the distress associated with COVID-19 and for identifying people in need of mental health services."}, {"pmid": 32205268, "pmcid": "PMC7118543", "title": "Buffer areas in emergency department to handle potential COVID-19 community infection in Taiwan.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Tren-Yi", "Lai, Huei-Wen", "Hou, I-Lun", "Lin, Ching-Hsiung", "Chen, Mu-Kuan", "Chou, Chu-Chung", "Lin, Yan-Ren"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205268", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485277, "pmcid": "PMC7260565", "title": "Gastrointestinal endoscopy operation--A potential transmission risk for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Tan, Caixia", "Xiao, Yuanyuan", "Wu, Yuqi", "Wu, Anhua", "Li, Chunhui"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485277", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525506, "title": "Medicaid and COVID-19: At the Center of Both Health and Economic Crises.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Allen, Heidi L", "Sommers, Benjamin D"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525506", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284735, "pmcid": "PMC7119227", "title": "Potential neurological symptoms of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ther Adv Neurol Disord", "authors": ["Wang, Hai-Yang", "Li, Xue-Lin", "Yan, Zhong-Rui", "Sun, Xiao-Pei", "Han, Jie", "Zhang, Bing-Wei"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284735", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283512, "pmcid": "PMC7139243", "title": "Mental health of medical workers in Pakistan during the pandemic COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Rana, Waleed", "Mukhtar, Sonia", "Mukhtar, Shamim"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283512", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241306, "pmcid": "PMC7163190", "title": "Harmonizing the COVID-19 cacophony: People need guidance.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Arif, Taha Bin", "Ali, Aiman"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521194, "title": "Anatomising failure: there should be a statutory public inquiry into the UK Government's handling of COVID-19.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Clift, Ashley Kieran"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521194", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522249, "title": "Genomics of COVID-19: molecular mechanisms going from susceptibility to severity of the disease.", "journal": "Hum Genomics", "authors": ["Mehrian-Shai, Ruty", "Novelli, Giuseppe", "Vasiliou, Vasilis", "Watt, Jessica", "Reichardt, Juergen K V"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522249", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358791, "pmcid": "PMC7267317", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in a psoriatic patient treated with IL-17 inhibitor.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Balestri, R", "Rech, G", "Girardelli, C R"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358791", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306853, "title": "Development of a reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification as a rapid early-detection method for novel SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Baek, Yun Hee", "Um, Jihye", "Antigua, Khristine Joy C", "Park, Ji-Hyun", "Kim, Yeonjae", "Oh, Sol", "Kim, Young-Il", "Choi, Won-Suk", "Kim, Seong Gyu", "Jeong, Ju Hwan", "Chin, Bum Sik", "Nicolas, Halcyon Dawn G", "Ahn, Ji-Young", "Shin, Kyeong Seob", "Choi, Young Ki", "Park, Jun-Sun", "Song, Min-Suk"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306853", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The previous outbreaks of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV have led researchers to study the role of diagnostics in impediment of further spread and transmission. With the recent emergence of the novel SARS-CoV-2, the availability of rapid, sensitive, and reliable diagnostic methods is essential for disease control. Hence, we have developed a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for the specific detection of SARS-CoV-2. The primer sets for RT-LAMP assay were designed to target the nucleocapsid gene of the viral RNA, and displayed a detection limit of 102 RNA copies close to that of qRT-PCR. Notably, the assay has exhibited a rapid detection span of 30\u2005min combined with the colorimetric visualization. This test can detect specifically viral RNAs of the SARS-CoV-2 with no cross-reactivity to related coronaviruses, such as HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, and MERS-CoV as well as human infectious influenza viruses (type B, H1N1pdm, H3N2, H5N1, H5N6, H5N8, and H7N9), and other respiratory disease-causing viruses (RSVA, RSVB, ADV, PIV, MPV, and HRV). Furthermore, the developed RT-LAMP assay has been evaluated using specimens collected from COVID-19 patients that exhibited high agreement to the qRT-PCR. Our RT-LAMP assay is simple to perform, less expensive, time-efficient, and can be used in clinical laboratories for preliminary detection of SARS-CoV-2 in suspected patients. In addition to the high sensitivity and specificity, this isothermal amplification conjugated with a single-tube colorimetric detection method may contribute to the public health responses and disease control, especially in the areas with limited laboratory capacities."}, {"pmid": 32380219, "pmcid": "PMC7198162", "title": "Chilblains are a common cutaneous finding during the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective nationwide study from France.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["de Masson, Adele", "Bouaziz, Jean-David", "Sulimovic, Luc", "Cassius, Charles", "Jachiet, Marie", "Ionescu, Marius-Anton", "Rybojad, Michel", "Bagot, Martine", "Duong, Tu-Anh"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380219", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213232, "pmcid": "PMC7218177", "title": "An effective model for the outpatient management of COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Xiao, Yuanyuan", "Tan, Caixia", "Duan, Juping", "Wu, Anhua", "Li, Chunhui"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213232", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450770, "title": "Evolving Management of COVID-19: A Multi-institutional Otolaryngology Perspective.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Wickemeyer, Johanna L", "Billings, Kathleen R", "Valika, Taher S"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450770", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To provide evolving information on active protocols regarding inpatient, outpatient, procedural, and surgical case management taking place in otolaryngology practices in response to COVID-19. Cross-sectional multi-institutional survey. An online survey of 55 otolaryngology departments across North America. As of March 25, 2020, almost all (n = 53 of 55, 96.3%) otolaryngology departments had canceled elective cases and were performing only urgent consults. Most residents continued to participate in operative cases (n = 45 of 49, 91.8%) and take call (n = 48 of 50, 96.0%). Of the respondents, 27 of 29 (93.1%) stated that they were deferring nonemergent tracheostomy procedures for the time being. The use of personal protective equipment followed a general trend of an increasing level of protection with an increased risk of the procedure; most (n = 49 of 54, 90.7%) incorporated N95 mask usage for bedside/clinic examinations with flexible laryngoscopy. Powered air-purifying respirators and N95 masks were used mainly for procedures involving the mucosal surfaces. Due to the high viral density in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx of patients with COVID-19, basic examinations and common otolaryngology procedures place practitioners at high risk of exposure. Although there is variability in practice among otolaryngologists across North America in managing the COVID-19 outbreak, most are primarily seeing urgent ambulatory and inpatient consultations. Most are also incorporating personal protective equipment appropriate to the level of transmission across mucous membranes. In these rapidly evolving times, it is helpful to find solidarity and assurance among health care providers. Current data aimed to provide (1) perceived methods regarding the safe care of otolaryngology patients and (2) updated practice patterns at a national level."}, {"pmid": 32501379, "pmcid": "PMC7254002", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 pandemic upon stability and sequential irregularity of equity and cryptocurrency markets.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Lahmiri, Salim", "Bekiros, Stelios"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501379", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We explore the evolution of the informational efficiency in 45 cryptocurrency markets and 16 international stock markets before and during COVID-19 pandemic. The measures of Largest Lyapunov Exponent (LLE) based on the Rosenstein's method and Approximate Entropy (ApEn), which are robust to small samples, are applied to price time series in order to estimate degrees of stability and irregularity in cryptocurrency and international stock markets. The amount of regularity infers on the unpredictability of fluctuations. The t-test and F-test are performed on estimated LLE and ApEn. In total, 36 statistical tests are performed to check for differences between time periods (pre- versus during COVID-19 pandemic samples) on the one hand, as well as check for differences between markets (cryptocurrencies versus stocks), on the other hand. During the COVID-19 pandemic period it was found that (a) the level of stability in cryptocurrency markets has significantly diminished while the irregularity level significantly augmented, (b) the level of stability in international equity markets has not changed but gained more irregularity, (c) cryptocurrencies became more volatile, (d) the variability in stability and irregularity in equities has not been affected, (e) cryptocurrency and stock markets exhibit a similar degree of stability in price dynamics, whilst finally (f) cryptocurrency exhibit a low level of regularity compared to international equity markets. We find that cryptos showed more instability and more irregularity during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to international stock markets. Thus, from an informational efficiency perspective, investing in digital assets during big crises as the COVID-19 pandemic, could be considered riskier as opposed to equities."}, {"pmid": 32332320, "pmcid": "PMC7219851", "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Vertical Transmission in Neonates Born to Mothers With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Hu, Xiaolin", "Gao, Jinzhi", "Luo, Xiaoping", "Feng, Ling", "Liu, Weiyong", "Chen, Juan", "Benachi, Alexandra", "De Luca, Daniele", "Chen, Ling"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332320", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251634, "pmcid": "PMC7194560", "title": "Virtual screening and repurposing of FDA approved drugs against COVID-19 main protease.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Kandeel, Mahmoud", "Al-Nazawi, Mohammed"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251634", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) virus has emerged in Wuhan, China. In this research, the first resolved COVID-19 crystal structure (main protease) was targeted in a virtual screening study by of FDA approved drugs dataset. In addition, a knowledge gap in relations of COVID-19 with the previously known fatal Coronaviruses (CoVs) epidemics, SARS and MERS CoVs, was covered by investigation of sequence statistics and phylogenetics. Molecular modeling, virtual screening, docking, sequence comparison statistics and phylogenetics of the COVID-19 main protease were investigated. COVID-19 Mpro formed a phylogenetic group with SARS CoV that was distant from MERS CoV. The identity% was 96.061 and 51.61 for COVID-19/SARS and COVID-19/MERS CoV sequence comparisons, respectively. The top 20 drugs in the virtual screening studies comprised a broad-spectrum antiviral (ribavirin), anti-hepatitis B virus (telbivudine), two vitamins (vitamin B12 and nicotinamide) and other miscellaneous systemically acting drugs. Of special interest, ribavirin had been used in treating cases of SARS CoV. The present study provided a comprehensive targeting of the first resolved COVID+19 structure of Mpro and found a suitable save drugs for repurposing against the viral Mpro. Ribavirin, telbivudine, vitamin B12 and nicotinamide can be combined and used for COVID treatment. This initiative relocates already marketed and approved safe drugs for potential use in COVID-treatment."}, {"pmid": 32348678, "title": "Respiratory Pathophysiology of Mechanically Ventilated Patients with COVID-19: A Cohort Study.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Ziehr, David R", "Alladina, Jehan", "Petri, Camille R", "Maley, Jason H", "Moskowitz, Ari", "Medoff, Benjamin D", "Hibbert, Kathryn A", "Thompson, B Taylor", "Hardin, C Corey"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348678", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469732, "pmcid": "PMC7243792", "title": "Chest X-ray features of SARS-CoV-2 in the emergency department: a multicenter experience from northern Italian hospitals.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Ippolito, Davide", "Maino, Cesare", "Pecorelli, Anna", "Allegranza, Pietro", "Cangiotti, Cecilia", "Capodaglio, Carlo", "Mariani, Ilaria", "Giandola, Teresa", "Gandola, Davide", "Bianco, Ilaria", "Ragusi, Maria", "Franzesi, Cammillo Talei", "Corso, Rocco", "Sironi, Sandro"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469732", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the imaging features of routine admission chest X-ray in patients referred for novel Coronavirus 2019 infection. All patients referred to the emergency departments, RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection were evaluated. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. Two radiologists (8 and 15 years of experience) reviewed all the X-ray images and evaluated the following findings: interstitial opacities, alveolar opacities (AO), AO associated with consolidation, consolidation and/or pleural effusion. We stratified patients in groups according to the time interval between symptoms onset (cut-off 5 days) and X-ray imaging and according to age (cut-off 60 years old). Computed tomography was performed in case of a discrepancy between clinical symptoms, laboratory and X-ray findings, and/or suspicion of complications. A total of 468 patients were tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Lung lesions primarily manifested as interstitial opacities (71.7%) and AO opacities (60.5%), more frequently bilateral (64.5%) and with a peripheral predominance (62.5%). Patients admitted to the emergency radiology department after 5 days from symptoms onset, more frequently had interstitial and AO opacities, in comparison to those admitted within 5 days, and lung lesions were more frequently bilateral and peripheral. Older patients more frequently presented interstitial and AO opacities in comparison to younger ones. Sixty-eight patients underwent CT that principally showed the presence of ground-glass opacities and consolidations. The most common X-ray pattern is multifocal and peripheral, associated with interstitial and alveolar opacities. Chest X-ray, compared to CT, can be considered a reliable diagnostic tool, especially in the Emergency setting."}, {"pmid": 32513784, "title": "The potential impact of COVID-19-related disruption on tuberculosis burden.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["McQuaid, C Finn", "McCreesh, Nicky", "Read, Jonathan M", "Sumner, Tom", "Houben, Rein M G J", "White, Richard G", "Harris, Rebecca C"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513784", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421106, "pmcid": "PMC7224140", "title": "The tightrope of science, media and politics.", "journal": "Nat Cancer", "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421106", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The urgent need to address COVID-19 has highlighted the delicate relationships among science, politics and the media. To achieve a successful long-term response to the pandemic, stakeholders need to be guided by data, integrity and a sense of responsibility toward the public."}, {"pmid": 32236661, "pmcid": "PMC7110290", "title": "The world is upside down; how coronavirus changes the way we care for our patients.", "journal": "Int Urogynecol J", "authors": ["Rogers, Rebecca G", "Swift, Steve"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236661", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312781, "title": "Nafamostat Mesylate Blocks Activation of SARS-CoV-2: New Treatment Option for COVID-19.", "journal": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "authors": ["Hoffmann, Markus", "Schroeder, Simon", "Kleine-Weber, Hannah", "Muller, Marcel A", "Drosten, Christian", "Pohlmann, Stefan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312781", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329591, "title": "Covid-19 and child disabilities: whom to protect and how.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Trabacca, Antonio", "Russo, Luigi"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329591", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32094505, "pmcid": "PMC7091830", "title": "Epitopes for a 2019-nCoV vaccine.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Lucchese, Guglielmo"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32094505", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406404, "pmcid": "PMC7217343", "title": "COVID-19 Fear in Eastern Europe: Validation of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Addict", "authors": ["Reznik, Alexander", "Gritsenko, Valentina", "Konstantinov, Vsevolod", "Khamenka, Natallia", "Isralowitz, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406404", "countries": ["Belarus", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Russian Federation"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a major source of fear, stress, and anxiety as well as a major factor impacting the health and wellbeing of people worldwide. The present study builds on the recently developed \"Fear of COVID-19 Scale\" (Ahorsu et al., In International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 10.1007/s11469-020-00270-8, 2020). The sample comprised of 850 participants, male and female young adults from Russia and Belarus. The majority of survey participants are university students and graduates. Females, students, and others from Russia report higher levels of COVID-19-related fear than those from Belarus. Respondents from Russia and Belarus report less fear than people from Iran who were surveyed earlier. The scale used for the present survey evidenced a good Cronbach's Alpha measure of internal consistency or reliability (0.809). Clearly, further research is needed across locations and over time about the nature and extent of fear caused by COVID 19. Overall, the FCV-19S appears to be a valuable and brief instrument that may provide useful information for intervention and policy purposes to migrate fear and problem behavior linked to infectious disease outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32362425, "pmcid": "PMC7177129", "title": "COVID-19: Anesthesia Management Recommendations.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Herman, Jared A", "Urits, Ivan", "Kaye, Alan D", "Urman, Richard D", "Viswanath, Omar"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362425", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366608, "title": "Interim Guidance for Basic and Advanced Life Support in Children and Neonates With Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Topjian, Alexis", "Aziz, Khalid", "Kamath-Rayne, Beena D", "Atkins, Dianne L", "Becker, Lance", "Berg, Robert A", "Bradley, Steven M", "Bhanji, Farhan", "Brooks, Steven", "Chan, Melissa", "Chan, Paul", "Cheng, Adam", "de Caen, Allan", "Duff, Jonathan P", "Escobedo, Marilyn", "Flores, Gustavo E", "Fuchs, Susan", "Girotra, Saket", "Hsu, Antony", "Joyner, Benny L Jr", "Kleinman, Monica", "Lasa, Javier J", "Lee, Henry C", "Lehotzky, Rebecca E", "Levy, Arielle", "Mancini, Mary E", "McBride, Mary E", "Meckler, Garth", "Merchant, Raina M", "Morgan, Ryan W", "Nadkarni, Vinay", "Panchal, Ashish R", "Peberdy, Mary Ann", "Raymond, Tia", "Roberts, Kathryn", "Sasson, Comilla", "Schexnayder, Stephen M", "Sutton, Robert M", "Terry, Mark", "Walsh, Brian", "Wang, David S", "Zelop, Carolyn M", "Edelson, Dana P"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366608", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468178, "pmcid": "PMC7255442", "title": "Reply to the letter by Gaetano Loscocco, Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, HScore and COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Hematol", "authors": ["Takami, Akiyoshi"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468178", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369285, "title": "A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Carmona-Bayonas, Alberto", "Jimenez-Fonseca, Paula", "Castanon, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369285", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434789, "pmcid": "PMC7246106", "title": "Diffuse pneumonitis from coronavirus HKU1 on checkpoint inhibitor therapy.", "journal": "J Immunother Cancer", "authors": ["Serzan, Michael T", "Kumar, Princy N", "Atkins, Michael B"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434789", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can produce specific immune-related adverse events including pneumonitis. The impact of ICI therapy on the severity of acute coronavirus infection symptomatology warrants further exploration. We report a 65-year-old man diagnosed with stage IV melanoma who developed pulmonary and brain metastases and was treated with bilateral craniotomies followed by combined nivolumab and ipilimumab immunotherapy. He developed early-onset severe dyspnea associated with acute coronavirus HKU1 (non-COVID-19) infection, with diffuse pneumonitis evidenced by ground glass opacification on CT scan. He was treated with steroids leading to resolution of pneumonitis on repeat imaging, suggesting an exacerbated immune-mediated toxicity. We report the first case of a patient with melanoma with severe and reversible diffuse pneumonitis in association with coronavirus HKU1 following combined nivolumab and ipilimumab immunotherapy. Although we do not have data on the impact of ICI therapy on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) symptomatology, a possible interaction should be considered when deciding on dosing in patients with possible SARS-CoV-2 exposure or when evaluating patients with presumed ICI-related pneumonitis during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32409587, "pmcid": "PMC7246093", "title": "GI symptoms as early signs of COVID-19 in hospitalised Italian patients.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Buscarini, Elisabetta", "Manfredi, Guido", "Brambilla, Gianfranco", "Menozzi, Fernanda", "Londoni, Claudio", "Alicante, Saverio", "Iiritano, Elena", "Romeo, Samanta", "Pedaci, Marianna", "Benelli, Giampaolo", "Canetta, Ciro", "La Piana, Giuseppe", "Merli, Guido", "Scartabellati, Alessandro", "Vigano, Giovanni", "Sfogliarini, Roberto", "Melilli, Giovanni", "Assandri, Roberto", "Cazzato, Daniele", "Rossi, Davide Sebastiano", "Usai, Susanna", "Tramacere, Irene", "Pellegata, Germano", "Lauria, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409587", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32065348, "pmcid": "PMC7088641", "title": "Can Chinese Medicine Be Used for Prevention of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)? A Review of Historical Classics, Research Evidence and Current Prevention Programs.", "journal": "Chin J Integr Med", "authors": ["Luo, Hui", "Tang, Qiao-Ling", "Shang, Ya-Xi", "Liang, Shi-Bing", "Yang, Ming", "Robinson, Nicola", "Liu, Jian-Ping"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32065348", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, an outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, and rapidly spread to almost all parts of China. This was followed by prevention programs recommending Chinese medicine (CM) for the prevention. In order to provide evidence for CM recommendations, we reviewed ancient classics and human studies. Historical records on prevention and treatment of infections in CM classics, clinical evidence of CM on the prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and H1N1 influenza, and CM prevention programs issued by health authorities in China since the COVID-19 outbreak were retrieved from different databases and websites till 12 February, 2020. Research evidence included data from clinical trials, cohort or other population studies using CM for preventing contagious respiratory virus diseases. The use of CM to prevent epidemics of infectious diseases was traced back to ancient Chinese practice cited in Huangdi's Internal Classic (Huang Di Nei Jing) where preventive effects were recorded. There were 3 studies using CM for prevention of SARS and 4 studies for H1N1 influenza. None of the participants who took CM contracted SARS in the 3 studies. The infection rate of H1N1 influenza in the CM group was significantly lower than the non-CM group (relative risk 0.36, 95% confidence interval 0.24-0.52; n=4). For prevention of COVID-19, 23 provinces in China issued CM programs. The main principles of CM use were to tonify qi to protect from external pathogens, disperse wind and discharge heat, and resolve dampness. The most frequently used herbs included Radix astragali (Huangqi), Radix glycyrrhizae (Gancao), Radix saposhnikoviae (Fangfeng), Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae (Baizhu), Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (Jinyinhua), and Fructus forsythia (Lianqiao). Based on historical records and human evidence of SARS and H1N1 influenza prevention, Chinese herbal formula could be an alternative approach for prevention of COVID-19 in high-risk population. Prospective, rigorous population studies are warranted to confirm the potential preventive effect of CM."}, {"pmid": 32172175, "pmcid": "PMC7102582", "title": "Clinical considerations for patients with diabetes in times of COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Gupta, Ritesh", "Ghosh, Amerta", "Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32172175", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447603, "pmcid": "PMC7245189", "title": "YouTube as a source of information on COVID-19 and rheumatic disease link.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Kocyigit, Burhan Fatih", "Akaltun, Mazlum Serdar", "Sahin, Ahmet Riza"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447603", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is continuing to spread rapidly despite all efforts. Patients with rheumatic disease may have higher levels of anxiety due to their disease characteristics and medications. The web-based platforms are widely used sources for gaining medical information. YouTube presents a wide range of medical information, but there are concerns on its quality. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the quality of the YouTube videos about COVID-19 and rheumatic diseases link. This is a descriptive study. A total of 360 videos listed by the YouTube search engine (www.youtube.com) in response to six search terms were evaluated. The Global Quality Scale (GQS) was performed to evaluate video quality. Three groups were formed according to GQS scores: high quality, moderate quality, and low quality. Video parameters were compared between these groups. After the exclusion criteria, 46 videos were reviewed. Of the videos, 41.4% (n\u2009=\u200919) were of high-quality group, 21.7% (n\u2009=\u200910) were moderate-quality group, and 36.9% (n\u2009=\u200917) were of low-quality group. Significant difference was detected between the quality groups in terms of views per day (p\u2009=\u20090.004). No significant difference was detected in comments per day (p\u2009=\u20090.139) and like ratio (p\u2009=\u20090.232). Besides high-quality videos, there were substantially low-quality videos that could cause misleading information to spread rapidly during the pandemic. Videos from trustworthy sources such as universities, academics, and physicians should be kept in the foreground.Key Points\u2022Web-based platforms have become an important source of health-related information. One of the most important online sources is YouTube because it is easy accessible and free.\u2022Of the videos evaluating the link between COVID-19 and rheumatic diseases, 41.4% (n\u2009=\u200919) were of high quality.\u2022The main sources of high-quality videos were academics/universities and physicians.\u2022The most frequently discussed topics in videos were the place of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 and whether to continue the use of existing rheumatological drugs."}, {"pmid": 32316713, "pmcid": "PMC7210081", "title": "[Clinical Characteristics and Coping Strategies of Neoplasms with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection].", "journal": "Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhao, Nannan", "Shi, Jie", "Zeng, Lizhong", "Yang, Shuanying"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316713", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since mid-December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has outbroken in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and spread rapidly to other provinces in China and dozens of countries and regions around the world, becoming the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (Public Health Emergency of International Concern). SARS-CoV-2 can mainly transmit by droplets or close contact, and is generally susceptible in the crowd. Tumor patients are at high risk of this pathogen because of their impaired immune function. Identifying tumor patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) early, and understanding its distribution characteristics can help to improve the cure rate of patients, and better control the epidemic and development of SARS-CoV-2 much better. With comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, this paper reviews the clinical characteristics of neoplastic patients with COVID-19, and puts forward some suggestions on how to deal with this epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32416016, "title": "The haka: Wonderful bonding, sending a challenge in a global crisis, or merely cultural appropriation?", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Wilson, Denise"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416016", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I want to begin by acknowledging the tremendous work nurses are undertaking at the frontline of healthcare throughout the world currently. I also want to pay my respects to those nurses and their families and friends who have sadly lost their lives from COVID-19 emphasising the risks our workplaces present. The work of all nurses globally reinforces their pivotal role in healthcare during this time of crisis precipitated by the COVID-19 pandemic - something I never thought we would see to this scale in our lifetime."}, {"pmid": 32387180, "pmcid": "PMC7191288", "title": "Covid-19: An Urgent Need For A Psychoneuroendocrine Perspective.", "journal": "Psychoneuroendocrinology", "authors": ["Dantzer, Robert", "Heuser, Isabelle", "Lupien, Sonia"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387180", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387713, "pmcid": "PMC7204668", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 or Lung Cancer: A Differential Diagnostic Experience and Management Model From Wuhan.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Zhu, Jian", "Zhang, Yu", "Gao, Xu-Hui", "Xi, Er-Ping"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387713", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478675, "title": "Headache is an important symptom in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Diagnosis (Berl)", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Mattiuzzi, Camilla", "Bovo, Chiara", "Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478675", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32129508, "title": "Hematologic parameters in patients with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Fan, Bingwen Eugene", "Chong, Vanessa Cui Lian", "Chan, Stephrene Seok Wei", "Lim, Gek Hsiang", "Lim, Kian Guan Eric", "Tan, Guat Bee", "Mucheli, Sharavan Sadasiv", "Kuperan, Ponnudurai", "Ong, Kiat Hoe"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32129508", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213339, "pmcid": "PMC7156149", "title": "Cancer care in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Burki, Talha Khan"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213339", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503704, "pmcid": "PMC7158805", "title": "ASE Statement on Point-of-Care Ultrasound during the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Johri, Amer M", "Galen, Benjamin", "Kirkpatrick, James N", "Lanspa, Michael", "Mulvagh, Sharon", "Thamman, Ritu"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503704", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292866, "pmcid": "PMC7128395", "title": "Management Of Patients On Dialysis And With Kidney Transplant During SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic In Brescia, Italy.", "journal": "Kidney Int Rep", "authors": ["Alberici, Federico", "Delbarba, Elisa", "Manenti, Chiara", "Econimo, Laura", "Valerio, Francesca", "Pola, Alessandra", "Maffei, Camilla", "Possenti, Stefano", "Piva, Simone", "Latronico, Nicola", "Foca, Emanuele", "Castelli, Francesco", "Gaggia, Paola", "Movilli, Ezio", "Bove, Sergio", "Malberti, Fabio", "Farina, Marco", "Bracchi, Martina", "Costantino, Ester Maria", "Bossini, Nicola", "Gaggiotti, Mario", "Scolari, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292866", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a major pandemic challenging health care systems around the world. The optimal management of COVID-19 infected patients is still unclear, although the consensus is moving towards the need of a biphasic approach. During the first phase of the disease (from onset of the symptoms up to 7-10 days) viral-induced effects are prominent with the opportunity to institute antiviral therapy. In the second inflammatory phase of the disease, immunosuppressive strategies (for example with glucocorticoids or anti-cytokines drugs)may be considered. This latter stage is characterized by the development of progressive lung involvement with increasing oxygen requirements and occasionally signs of the haemophagocitic syndrome. The management of the disease in patients with kidney disease is even more challenging, especially in those who are immunosuppressed or with severe comorbidities. Here we present the therapeutic approach employed in Brescia (Italy) for managing kidney transplant and hemodialysis patients with COVID-19. Furthermore, we provide some clinical and physiopathological background, as well as preliminary outcome data of our cohort, in order to better clarify the pathogenesis of the disease and clinical management."}, {"pmid": 32289466, "pmcid": "PMC7194535", "title": "The evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on ocular surface.", "journal": "Ocul Surf", "authors": ["Zhang, Xian", "Chen, Xuhui", "Chen, Liwen", "Deng, Chaohua", "Zou, Xiaojing", "Liu, Weiyong", "Yu, Huimin", "Chen, Bo", "Sun, Xufang"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289466", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a cross-sectional study of patients who received a COVID-19 diagnosis between December 30, 2019 and February 7, 2020 at Tongji Hospital. A total of 102 patients (48 Male [47%] and 54 Female [53%]) with clinical symptoms, Rt, and chest Computed Tomography (CT) abnormalities were identified with a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. Patients had a mean [SD] gestational age of 57.63 [14.90] years. Of a total of 102 patients identified, 72 patients (36 men [50%] and 36 women [50%]; mean [SD] age, 58.68 [14.81] years) were confirmed to have COVID-19 by laboratory diagnosis with a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay. Only two patients (2.78%) with conjunctivitis were identified from 72 patients with a laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Of those two patients, SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments were found in ocular discharges by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in only one patient. Our findings suspect the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection through the ocular surface is extremely low, while the nosocomial infection of SARS-CoV-2 through the eyes after occupational exposure is a potential route. To lower the SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial infection, all health care professionals should wear protective goggles. The inefficient diagnostic method and the sampling time lag may contribute to the lower positive rate of conjunctival swab samples of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32407516, "pmcid": "PMC7239113", "title": "Response to letter to the editor: \"Lung Ultrasound early detection and monitoring in Covid-19 Pneumonia: fact and fiction\".", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Ji, Li", "Cao, Chunyan", "Li, Yuman", "Xie, Mingxing"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407516", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390523, "title": "Urologic surgery and invasive procedures during coronavirus pandemic: Retrospective comparison of risk infection in a referral Covid hospital and in a free-Covid hospital.", "journal": "Urologia", "authors": ["Antonio Maria, Granata", "Vasileios, Petrainas", "Giacomo Piero, Incarbone", "Ai Ling Loredana, Romano", "Marco, Rosso", "Giulia, Garelli", "Stefania, Ranzoni", "Federica, Marchesotti", "Gregori, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390523", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 21 February 2020, 'Luigi Sacco' Hospital was identified as a Covid-19 referral Hospital in Lombardy. The Department of Urology of our Healthcare Institution consists of two Urology Units, one at 'L.Sacco' Hospital (hereinafter referred to as Covid-19 hospital) and one at 'Fatebenefratelli' Hospital (hereinafter referred to as Covid-19-free hospital). The Healthcare System's Administration communicated to all personnel the implementation of a planned 'biological risk protocol' at the Covid-19 hospital, while the Covid-19-free hospital followed regular government recommendations. We evaluated the risk of Sars-Cov-2 infection in the patients treated for surgical or invasive urologic procedures during the epidemic in the two different hospitals. At the Covid-19 hospital, 12 patients underwent surgery and 51 patients invasive diagnostic procedures between 22 February and 8 March 2020; in the same period, at the Covid-19-free hospital, 21 patients underwent surgery and 56 patients invasive diagnostic procedures. We compared the incidence of Sars-Cov-2 infection among the patients who were accessed in the two Urology Units in the period of different restrictive measures after the outbreak of the epidemic. We registered no cases of Sars-Cov-2 infection in the patients hospitalized in that period in Covid-19 hospital, despite three cases of swab positivity in the Covid-19-free hospital. The early implementation of extraordinary measures to restrict the spread of the virus offers a good protection also in a Covid-19 referral Hospital. The adoption of safety measures may be considered even after the end of the pandemic in all the health systems."}, {"pmid": 32221023, "title": "COVID-19 Global Pandemic: Options for Management of Gynecologic Cancers.", "journal": "Int J Gynecol Cancer", "authors": ["Ramirez, Pedro T", "Chiva, Luis", "Eriksson, Ane Gerda Z", "Frumovitz, Michael", "Fagotti, Anna", "Gonzalez Martin, Antonio", "Jhingran, Anuja", "Pareja, Rene"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221023", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306459, "pmcid": "PMC7264792", "title": "The outbreak of Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused a worrying delay in the diagnosis of oral cancer in north-west Italy: The Turin Metropolitan Area experience.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Arduino, Paolo G", "Conrotto, Davide", "Broccoletti, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306459", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501449, "pmcid": "PMC7241324", "title": "Response to: Broadbent 2020, Better the drug you know: Commentary on \"Daughton 2020, Natural experiment concept to accelerate the re-purposing of existing therapeutics for Covid-19\".", "journal": "Glob Epidemiol", "authors": ["Daughton, Christian G"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501449", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499391, "title": "Covid-19: Lack of test and trace data are frustrating government scrutiny.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Griffin, Shaun"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499391", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293710, "pmcid": "PMC7262330", "title": "Hyperglycemia, hydroxychloroquine, and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Brufsky, Adam"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293710", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)\u00a0infection and its severity can be explained by the concentration of glycosylated severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral particles in the lung epithelium, the concentration of glycosylated angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor 2 (ACE2) in the lung epithelium, and the degree and control of the pulmonary immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein at approximately day 8 to 10 after symptom onset, which may be related to both. Binding of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 also suggests that prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycemia, and not just a history of diabetes mellitus, may be important in the pathogenesis of the disease. It is tempting to consider that the same mechanism acts in COVID-19 as in SARS, where an overactive macrophage M1 inflammatory response, as neutralizing antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein form at day 7 to 10, results in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in susceptible patients. It also allows consideration of agents, such as hydroxychloroquine, which may interfere with this overly brisk macrophage inflammatory response and perhaps influence the course of the disease, in particular, those that blunt but do not completely abrogate the M1 to M2 balance in macrophage polarization, as well as viral load, which in SARS appears to be temporally related to the onset of ARDS."}, {"pmid": 32530493, "title": "Why your Patients' Believing Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine are 90% Effective for COVID-19 is 100% Dangerous.", "journal": "J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["White, C Michael", "Hernandez, Adrian V"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530493", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32184206, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors warn of humanitarian catastrophe at Europe's largest refugee camp.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184206", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414379, "pmcid": "PMC7227172", "title": "COVID-19 in Africa: care and protection for frontline healthcare workers.", "journal": "Global Health", "authors": ["Chersich, Matthew F", "Gray, Glenda", "Fairlie, Lee", "Eichbaum, Quentin", "Mayhew, Susannah", "Allwood, Brian", "English, Rene", "Scorgie, Fiona", "Luchters, Stanley", "Simpson, Greg", "Haghighi, Marjan Mosalman", "Pham, Minh Duc", "Rees, Helen"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414379", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medical staff caring for COVID-19 patients face mental stress, physical exhaustion, separation from families, stigma, and the pain of losing patients and colleagues. Many of them have acquired SARS-CoV-2 and some have died. In Africa, where the pandemic is escalating, there are major gaps in response capacity, especially in human resources and protective equipment. We examine these challenges and propose interventions to protect healthcare workers on the continent, drawing on articles identified on Medline (Pubmed) in a search on 24 March 2020. Global jostling means that supplies of personal protective equipment are limited in Africa. Even low-cost interventions such as facemasks for patients with a cough and water supplies for handwashing may be challenging, as is 'physical distancing' in overcrowded primary health care clinics. Without adequate protection, COVID-19 mortality may be high among healthcare workers and their family in Africa given limited critical care beds and difficulties in transporting ill healthcare workers from rural to urban care centres. Much can be done to protect healthcare workers, however. The continent has learnt invaluable lessons from Ebola and HIV control. HIV counselors and community healthcare workers are key resources, and could promote social distancing and related interventions, dispel myths, support healthcare workers, perform symptom screening and trace contacts. Staff motivation and retention may be enhanced through carefully managed risk 'allowances' or compensation. International support with personnel and protective equipment, especially from China, could turn the pandemic's trajectory in Africa around. Telemedicine holds promise as it rationalises human resources and reduces patient contact and thus infection risks. Importantly, healthcare workers, using their authoritative voice, can promote effective COVID-19 policies and prioritization of their safety. Prioritizing healthcare workers for SARS-CoV-2 testing, hospital beds and targeted research, as well as ensuring that public figures and the population acknowledge the commitment of healthcare workers may help to maintain morale. Clearly there are multiple ways that international support and national commitment could help safeguard healthcare workers in Africa, essential for limiting the pandemic's potentially devastating heath, socio-economic and security impacts on the continent."}, {"pmid": 32507110, "title": "Pattern of liver injury in adult patients with COVID-19: a retrospective analysis of 105 patients.", "journal": "Mil Med Res", "authors": ["Wang, Qi", "Zhao, Hong", "Liu, Li-Gai", "Wang, Yan-Bin", "Zhang, Ting", "Li, Ming-Hui", "Xu, Yan-Li", "Gao, Gui-Ju", "Xiong, Hao-Feng", "Fan, Ying", "Cao, Ying", "Ding, Rui", "Wang, Jing-Jing", "Cheng, Cheng", "Xie, Wen"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507110", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent studies reported that patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) might have liver injury. However, few data on the combined analysis and change patterns of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBil) have been shown. This is a single-center retrospective study. A total of 105 adult patients hospitalized for confirmed COVID-19 in Beijing Ditan Hospital between January 12, and March 17, 2020 were included, and divided into mild group (n\u2009=\u200979) and severe group(n\u2009=\u200926). We compared liver functional test results between the two groups. Category of ALT change during the disease course was also examined. 56.2% (59/105) of the patients had unnormal ALT, AST, or total TBil throughout the course of the disease, but in 91.4% (96/105) cases the level of ALT, AST or TBil \u22643 fold of the upper limit of normal reference range (ULN). The overall distribution of ALT, AST, and TBil were all significantly difference between mild and severe group (P\u2009<\u2009\u00a00.05). The percentage of the patients with elevated both ALT and AST was 12.7% (10/79) in mild cases vs. 46.2% (12/26) in severe cases (P\u2009=\u20090.001). 34.6% (9/26) severe group patients started to have abnormal ALT after admission, and 73.3% (77/105) of all patients had normal ALT before discharge. Elevated liver function index is very common in patients with COVID-19 infection, and the level were less than 3\u2009\u00d7\u2009ULN, but most are reversible. The abnormality of 2 or more indexes is low in the patients with COVID-19, but it is more likely to occur in the severe group."}, {"pmid": 32517882, "title": "Immunoinformatics-guided designing of epitope-based subunit vaccines against the SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Immunobiology", "authors": ["Sarkar, Bishajit", "Ullah, Md Asad", "Johora, Fatema Tuz", "Taniya, Masuma Afrin", "Araf, Yusha"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517882", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has become a global issue which has raised the concern of scientific community to design and discover a counter-measure against this deadly virus. So far, the pandemic has caused the death of hundreds of thousands of people upon infection and spreading. To date, no effective vaccine is available which can combat the infection caused by this virus. Therefore, this study was conducted to design possible epitope-based subunit vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus using the approaches of reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics. Upon continual computational experimentation, three possible vaccine constructs were designed and one vaccine construct was selected as the best vaccine based on molecular docking study which is supposed to effectively act against the SARS-CoV-2. Thereafter, the molecular dynamics simulation and in silico codon adaptation experiments were carried out in order to check biological stability and find effective mass production strategy of the selected vaccine. This study should contribute to uphold the present efforts of the researches to secure a definitive preventative measure against this lethal disease."}, {"pmid": 32303600, "pmcid": "PMC7262230", "title": "(90)Y Radioembolization: Telemedicine During COVID-19 Outbreak, Opportunity for Prime Time.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Quek, Lawrence", "Kannivelu, Anbalagan", "Pua, Uei"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303600", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398896, "pmcid": "PMC7214854", "title": "COVID-19 and a shifted perspective on infectious farm animal disease research.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Holloway, Lewis"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398896", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469989, "pmcid": "PMC7259789", "title": "Statistical analysis of the impact of environmental temperature on the exponential growth rate of cases infected by COVID-19.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Livadiotis, George"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469989", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We perform a statistical analysis for understanding the effect of the environmental temperature on the exponential growth rate of the cases infected by COVID-19 for US and Italian regions. In particular, we analyze the datasets of regional infected cases, derive the growth rates for regions characterized by a readable exponential growth phase in their evolution spread curve and plot them against the environmental temperatures averaged within the same regions, derive the relationship between temperature and growth rate, and evaluate its statistical confidence. The results clearly support the first reported statistically significant relationship of negative correlation between the average environmental temperature and exponential growth rates of the infected cases. The critical temperature, which eliminates the exponential growth, and thus the COVID-19 spread in US regions, is estimated to be TC = 86.1 \u00b1 4.3 F0."}, {"pmid": 32425324, "pmcid": "PMC7228731", "title": "In Memoriam: Physicians Who Have Died of COVID-19 in the United States.", "journal": "Clin Dermatol", "authors": ["Hoenig, Leonard J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425324", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457036, "title": "ESMO management and treatment adapted recommendations in the COVID-19 era: colorectal cancer.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Vecchione, Loredana", "Stintzing, Sebastian", "Pentheroudakis, George", "Douillard, Jean-Yves", "Lordick, Florian"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457036", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic challenges health system capacities in many countries. National healthcare services have to manage unexpected shortage of healthcare resources that have to be reallocated according to the principles of fair and ethical prioritisation, in order to maintain the highest levels of care to all patients, ensure the safety of patients and healthcare workers and save as many lives as possible. Beyond that, cancer care services have to pursue restructuring, following the same evidence-based dispositions. In this article, we propose guidance to the management of colorectal cancer during the pandemic, prioritised according to a three-tiered framework, based on expert clinical judgement and magnitude of benefit expected from specific interventions. Since the availability of resources for diagnostic procedures, surgery and postoperative care, systemic therapy and radiotherapy may differ, authors did separate prioritisation analyses. The impact of postponing or abrogating cancer interventions on outcomes according to a high, medium or low priority scale, is outlined and discussed. The implementation of healthcare services using telemedicine is explored: it reveals itself as functional and effective for limiting patients' need to travel to centres and thereby has the potential to reduce diffusion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Colorectal cancer demands a considerable amount of medical resources. Therefore, the redefinition of its diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms with a rigorous method is crucial in order to ensure the highest quality of continuum of care in the broader context of the pandemic and the challenged healthcare systems."}, {"pmid": 32332241, "title": "Equity360: Gender, Race, and Ethnicity-COVID-19 and Preparing for the Next Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Orthop Relat Res", "authors": ["O'Connor, Mary I"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332241", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499864, "pmcid": "PMC7266510", "title": "A Survey of County Health Departments of Kansas Regarding COVID-19.", "journal": "Kans J Med", "authors": ["Raghuveer, Talkad S", "Zackula, Rosey E", "Wittler, Robert R"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499864", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) causing COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) initially was identified in China in December 2019. It has resulted in a pandemic with increasing spread of the virus in the U.S. The county health departments around U.S. are spearheading the response to contain the spread of this virus. This project was a survey of county health departments in the state of Kansas with data collection period from April 15 to April 24, 2020. This study evaluated the staffing, resources, and funding of these health departments and how it was affecting the efforts to contain COVID-19. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the responses. A total of 75% of the county health departments in Kansas responded to the survey. In 89% of locations, the staffing had not increased. Most health departments had an average of five people and the four largest ones had 30 to 98 staff working on COVID-19. Most locations used the Kansas Department of Health and Environment criteria for testing and used a combination of state or private laboratories. The results of the tests were available three days or longer in 62% and after five days in 14% of sites. All locations were active in contact tracing, but most had one to three people for this purpose and in 90% the contact tracing interview was via phone calls. There was no change in funding in 21% and decreased funding in 8.5% of health departments. Most locations had an average of five nasopharyngeal swabs on the day of the survey. The most common needs expressed were help to increase testing capability, more public education, more personal protective equipment, increased personnel, and assistance with contract tracing. There is an urgent need in Kansas to increase support to county health departments for testing capability, personal protective equipment, increased number of staff, increased help with contact tracing, and especially increase support for public education."}, {"pmid": 32528209, "pmcid": "PMC7267801", "title": "SARS-Cov-2 and environmental protection: A collective psychology agenda for environmental psychology research.", "journal": "J Environ Psychol", "authors": ["Reese, Gerhard", "Hamann, Karen R S", "Heidbreder, Lea M", "Loy, Laura S", "Menzel, Claudia", "Neubert, Sebastian", "Troger, Josephine", "Wullenkord, Marlis C"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528209", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the virus SARS-CoV-2 spreads all over the world, most countries have taken severe measures to protect their citizens and slow down the further spread of the disease COVID-19. These measures affect individuals, communities, cities, countries, and the entire planet. In this paper, we propose that the tremendous consequences of the corona crisis invite environmental psychology to focus more strongly on research questions that address major societal challenges from a collective psychology perspective. In particular, we stress that the corona crisis may affect how people appraise - and potentially respond to - the looming climate crisis. By consistently pointing out systemic links and their human factor, environmental psychology can become central to a scientific agenda of a sustainable 'post-corona society'. In order to provide a framework for future research towards a sustainable societal transformation, we build on the Social Identity Model of Pro-Environmental Action (SIMPEA) and extend its scope to understand people's responses following the corona crisis. The model allows predictions of previously not explicitly included concepts of place attachment, nature connectedness, basic psychological needs, and systems thinking. It may serve as a guiding framework for a better understanding of the transformation towards a sustainable future."}, {"pmid": 32196410, "pmcid": "PMC7170333", "title": "Hypothesis for potential pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection-a review of immune changes in patients with viral pneumonia.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Lin, Ling", "Lu, Lianfeng", "Cao, Wei", "Li, Taisheng"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196410", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with droplets and contact as the main means of transmission. Since the first case appeared in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, the outbreak has gradually spread nationwide. Up to now, according to official data released by the Chinese health commission, the number of newly diagnosed patients has been declining, and the epidemic is gradually being controlled. Although most patients have mild symptoms and good prognosis after infection, some patients developed severe and die from multiple organ complications. The pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans remains unclear. Immune function is a strong defense against invasive pathogens and there is currently no specific antiviral drug against the virus. This article reviews the immunological changes of coronaviruses like SARS, MERS and other viral pneumonia similar to SARS-CoV-2. Combined with the published literature, the potential pathogenesis of COVID-19 is inferred, and the treatment recommendations for giving high-doses intravenous immunoglobulin and low-molecular-weight heparin anticoagulant therapy to severe type patients are proposed."}, {"pmid": 32243296, "pmcid": "PMC7173035", "title": "The Essential Role of Patient Blood Management in a Pandemic: A Call for Action.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Shander, Aryeh", "Goobie, Susan Marie", "Warner, Matthew A", "Aapro, Matti", "Bisbe, Elvira", "Perez-Calatayud, Angel A", "Callum, Jeannie", "Cushing, Melissa M", "Dyer, Wayne B", "Erhard, Jochen", "Faraoni, David", "Farmer, Shannon", "Fedorova, Tatyana", "Frank, Steven M", "Froessler, Bernd", "Gombotz, Hans", "Gross, Irwin", "Guinn, Nicole R", "Haas, Thorsten", "Hamdorf, Jeffrey", "Isbister, James P", "Javidroozi, Mazyar", "Ji, Hongwen", "Kim, Young-Woo", "Kor, Daryl J", "Kurz, Johann", "Lasocki, Sigismond", "Leahy, Michael F", "Lee, Cheuk-Kwong", "Lee, Jeong Jae", "Louw, Vernon", "Meier, Jens", "Mezzacasa, Anna", "Munoz, Manuel", "Ozawa, Sherri", "Pavesi, Marco", "Shander, Nina", "Spahn, Donat R", "Spiess, Bruce D", "Thomson, Jackie", "Trentino, Kevin", "Zenger, Christoph", "Hofmann, Axel"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243296", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a pandemic. Global health care now faces unprecedented challenges with widespread and rapid human-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and high morbidity and mortality with COVID-19 worldwide. Across the world, the medical care is hampered by a critical shortage of not only hand sanitizers, personal protective equipment, ventilators and hospital beds, but also impediments to the blood supply. Blood donation centers in many areas around the globe have mostly closed. Donors, practicing social distancing, some either with illness or undergoing self-quarantine, are quickly diminishing. Drastic public health initiatives have focused on containment and \"flattening the curve\" while invaluable resources are being depleted. In some countries, the point is reached at which demand for such resources, including donor blood outstrips supply. Questions as to the safety of blood persist. Although it does not appear very likely that the virus can be transmitted through allogeneic blood transfusion, this still remains to be fully determined. As options dwindle, we must enact regional and national shortage plans worldwide, and more vitally disseminate the knowledge of and immediately implement Patient Blood Management (PBM). PBM is an evidence-based bundle of care to optimize medical and surgical patient outcomes by clinically managing and preserving a patient's own blood. This multinational and diverse group of authors issue this \"Call to Action\" underscoring \"The Essential Role of Patient Blood Management in the Management of Pandemics\" and urging all stakeholders and providers to implement the practical and common-sense principles of PBM and its multi-professional and multimodality approaches."}, {"pmid": 32479908, "pmcid": "PMC7256530", "title": "Nasoseptal Flap Necrosis After Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery in the Setting of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Talmor, Guy", "Grube, Jordon G", "Eloy, Jean Anderson", "Liu, James K", "Hsueh, Wayne D"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479908", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel viral strain known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created a worldwide pandemic known as Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Early reports from China highlighted the risks associated with performing endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery in patients with SARS-CoV-2. We present a rare complication of nasoseptal flap (NSF) necrosis associated with COVID-19, further emphasizing the challenges of performing these procedures in this era. A 78-year-old male underwent an extended endoscopic endonasal transplanum resection of a pituitary macroadenoma for decompression of the optic chiasm. The resulting skull base defect was repaired using a pedicled nasoseptal flap (NSF). The patient developed meningitis and a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak on post-operative day thirteen requiring revision repair of the defect. Twelve days later, he developed persistent fevers and rhinorrhea. The patient was re-explored endoscopically, and the NSF was noted to be necrotic and devitalized with evident CSF leakage. At that time, the patient tested positive for Sars-CoV-2. Post-operatively, he developed acute respiratory distress syndrome complicated by hypoxic respiratory failure and death. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of NSF necrosis in a patient with COVID-19. We postulate that the thrombotic complications of COVID-19 may have contributed to vascular pedicle thrombosis and NSF necrosis. Although the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and its effect on the nasal tissues is still being elucidated, this case highlights some challenges of performing endoscopic skull base surgery in the era of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32430637, "pmcid": "PMC7237227", "title": "COVID-19-associated meningoencephalitis complicated with intracranial hemorrhage: a case report.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Al-Olama, Mohammad", "Rashid, Anas", "Garozzo, Debora"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430637", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic that started in December 2019 is mainly related to clinical pictures consistent with respiratory symptoms; nevertheless, reports about neurological complications have recently appeared in the medical literature. We describe a case of a 36-year-old coronavirus-positive patient that was admitted on emergency basis; his clinical presentation included neurological symptoms such as drowsiness and mild confusion. Imaging revealed findings consistent with meningoencephalitis complicated by intracerebral hematoma and subdural hematoma. The latter was surgically evacuated after it became chronic and evidence of coronavirus was found in the fluid. Our experience confirms that neurological complications might be a likely event in COVID-19. Although uncommon, the possible occurrence of meningoencephalitis should be kept in mind by physicians involved in the management of COVID-19 patients. Early recognition of brain involvement may provide better prognosis, preventing evolution into intracerebral hemorrhagic events."}, {"pmid": 32388805, "pmcid": "PMC7211051", "title": "Low-dose radiation therapy for COVID-19 pneumopathy: what is the evidence?", "journal": "Strahlenther Onkol", "authors": ["Rodel, Franz", "Arenas, Meritxell", "Ott, Oliver J", "Fournier, Claudia", "Georgakilas, Alexandros G", "Tapio, Soile", "Trott, Klaus-Rudiger", "Gaipl, Udo S"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388805", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current dismal situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, effective management of patients with pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome is of vital importance. Due to the current lack of effective pharmacological concepts, this situation has caused interest in (re)considering historical reports on the treatment of patients with low-dose radiation therapy for pneumonia. Although these historical reports are of low-level evidence per se, hampering recommendations for decision-making in the clinical setting, they indicate effectiveness in the dose range between 0.3 and 1\u202fGy, similar to more recent dose concepts in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory/degenerative benign diseases with, e.g., a\u00a0single dose per fraction of 0.5\u202fGy. This concise review aims to critically review the evidence for low-dose radiation treatment of COVID-19 pneumopathy and discuss whether it is worth investigating in the present clinical situation."}, {"pmid": 32401359, "pmcid": "PMC7272796", "title": "Recovery from COVID-19 in two patients with coexisted HIV infection.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wu, Qiuji", "Chen, Tielong", "Zhang, Hongyan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401359", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has become a global health concern. HIV-infected patients are particularly vulnerable to COVID-19 due to their immune-compromised status. The clinical manifestations and clinical outcomes of these patients are not clear. In this report, we presented two special COVID-19 patients with HIV infection and other comorbidities. We described the clinical characteristics, clinical manifestations, treatments and clinical outcomes of both patients. One patient with prior HIV-infection continued anti-HIV treatment when diagnosed with COVID-19. The other patient was newly diagnosed with HIV-infection when diagnosed with COVID-19 and had not begun anti-HIV treatment. Both patients were treated with anti-viral, antibiotics, oxygen treatment and supportive care and recovered from severe pneumonia. The experience of these two cases suggested that COVID-19 patients with HIV infection could still have satisfactory clinical outcomes following proper medical care. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32370981, "pmcid": "PMC7174183", "title": "[Evolution of electro-convulsive therapy activity in France since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Amad, A", "Magnat, M", "Quiles, C", "Yrondi, A", "Sauvaget, A", "Bulteau, S", "Plaze, M", "Rotharmel, M", "Polosan, M", "Levy-Chavagnat, D", "Jaafari, N", "Vaiva, G", "Thomas, P"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370981", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent COVID-19 pandemic has led to major organisational changes in health care settings, especially in psychiatric hospitals. We conducted a national online survey to assess the evolution of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the different centres practicing this treatment. 65 responses from all over France were analysed. More than 90\u00a0% of the centres practising ECT experienced a decrease in their activity. Half of the centres experienced a total cessation of activity and 25\u00a0% of the centres experienced a decrease of more than half of their usual activity. Post-pandemic COVID-19 psychiatric care is expected to be difficult. It is essential not to add to this difficulty the complications, often serious, that will be associated with delaying or stopping the practice of ECT. It will also be necessary to remain vigilant with regard to the specific neuropsychiatric consequences that will follow the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32447163, "pmcid": "PMC7237897", "title": "VV-ECMO usage in ARDS due to COVID-19: Clinical, practical and ethical considerations.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Hoyler, Marguerite M", "Kumar, Shreyajit", "Thalappillil, Richard", "White, Robert S", "Tam, Christopher W"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447163", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417210, "pmcid": "PMC7224669", "title": "The underlying changes and predicting role of peripheral blood inflammatory cells in severe COVID-19 patients: A sentinel?", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Sun, Da-Wei", "Zhang, Dong", "Tian, Run-Hui", "Li, Yang", "Wang, Yu-Shi", "Cao, Jie", "Tang, Ying", "Zhang, Nan", "Zan, Tao", "Gao, Lan", "Huang, Yan-Zhu", "Cui, Chang-Lei", "Wang, Dong-Xuan", "Zheng, Yang", "Lv, Guo-Yue"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417210", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The underlying changes of peripheral blood inflammatory cells (PBICs) in COVID-19 patients are little known. Moreover, the risk factors for the underlying changes of PBICs and their predicting role in severe COVID-19 patients remain uncertain. This retrospective study including two cohorts: the main cohort enrolling 45 patients of severe type serving as study group, and the secondary cohort enrolling 12 patients of no-severe type serving as control group. The PBICs analysis was based on blood routine and lymphocyte subsets. The inflammatory cell levels were compared among patients according to clinical classifications, disease-associated phases, as well as one-month outcomes. Compared with patients of non-severe type, the patients of severe type suffered from significantly decreased counts of lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils, but increased counts of neutrophils. These PBICs alterations got improved in recovery phase, but persisted or got worse in aggravated phase. Compared with patients in discharged group, the patients in un-discharged/died group suffered from decreased counts of total T lymphocytes, CD4\u00a0+\u00a0T lymphocytes, CD8\u00a0+\u00a0T lymphocytes, as well as NK cells at 2\u00a0weeks after treatment. Clinical classification-critically severe was the independently risk factor for lymphopenia (OR\u00a0=\u00a07.701, 95%CI:1.265-46.893, P\u00a0=\u00a00.027), eosinopenia (OR\u00a0=\u00a05.595, 95%CI:1.008-31.054, P\u00a0=\u00a00.049), and worse one-month outcome (OR\u00a0=\u00a08.984; 95%CI:1.021-79.061, P\u00a0=\u00a00.048). Lymphopenia and eosinopenia may serve as predictors of disease severity and disease progression in COVID-19 patients, and enhancing the cellular immunity may contribute to COVID-19 treatment. Thus, PBICs might become a sentinel of COVID-19, and it deserves attention during COVID-19 treatment."}, {"pmid": 32498751, "title": "Drug Repurposing for COVID-19: Ethical Considerations and Roadmaps.", "journal": "Camb Q Healthc Ethics", "authors": ["Ino, Hiroyasu", "Nakazawa, Eisuke", "Akabayashi, Akira"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498751", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512950, "title": "From Wuhan to COVID-19 Pandemic: An Up-to-Date Review of Its Pathogenesis, Potential Therapeutics, and Recent Advances.", "journal": "Microorganisms", "authors": ["Zeouk, Ikrame", "Bekhti, Khadija", "Lorenzo-Morales, Jacob"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512950", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of a novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) causing severe contagious respiratory tract infections presents a serious threat to public health worldwide. To date, there are no specific antiviral agents available for this disease, currently known as COVID-19. Therefore, genomic sequencing and therapeutic clinical trials are being conducted to develop effective antiviral agents. Several reports have investigated FDA-approved drugs as well as in silico virtual screening approaches such as molecular docking and modeling to find novel antiviral agents. Until now, antiparasitic drugs such as chloroquine have shown the most relevant results. Furthermore, there is an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis of this novel coronavirus, its transmission routes, surface survival and evolution in the environment. So far, the scientific community has indicated a possible transmission of COVID-19 via blood transfusion which is challenging in the case of asymptomatic individuals. Protocols for pathogen inactivation are also needed. In this paper, we reviewed recent findings about this life-threatening pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32445030, "pmcid": "PMC7244258", "title": "Medications in COVID-19 patients: summarizing the current literature from an orthopaedic perspective.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Tan, Si Heng Sharon", "Hong, Choon Chiet", "Saha, Soura", "Murphy, Diarmuid", "Hui, James Hoipo"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445030", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The review aims to provide a summary of the current literature regarding common medications prescribed in orthopaedic surgery and their potential implications in COVID-19 patients. A systematic review was performed using the PRISMA guidelines. All clinical studies, reviews, consensus and guidelines related to the above medications and COVID-19 were included. A total of 18 articles were included. The use of analgesia, anti-inflammatories, steroids, anticoagulants, antibiotics, vitamin B, vitamin C and vitamin D and their potential impact on COVID-19 patients were reported. Eight main recommendations were derived from the review. Firstly, paracetamol remains the first line of analgesia and antipyretic. Secondly, there is no need to avoid NSAIDs for COVID-19 patients. Thirdly, opioids have the potential for immunosuppression in addition to respiratory depression and, therefore, should be prescribed with care in COVID-19 patients. Fourthly, patients with conditions where steroids are proven to be efficacious can continue to receive their steroids; otherwise, systemic steroids are not recommended for COVID-19 patients. Fifthly, orthopaedic surgeons following up on COVID-19 patients who are using steroids should continue to follow them up for possible avascular necrosis. Sixthly, whenever possible, oral anticoagulation should be converted to parental heparin. Seventhly, common orthopaedic antibiotics including penicillin and clindamycin are safe to continue for COVID-19 patients. However, for COVID-19 patients, the antibiotics can potentially be switched to macrolides and tetracyclines if the organisms are sensitive. Lastly, prescription for vitamins B, C and D should continue as per usual clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32474141, "pmcid": "PMC7256612", "title": "Vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Glob Antimicrob Resist", "authors": ["Zemb, Patrick", "Bergman, Peter", "Camargo, Carlos A Jr", "Cavalier, Etienne", "Cormier, Catherine", "Courbebaisse, Marie", "Hollis, Bruce", "Minisola, Salvatore", "Pilz, Stefan", "Pludowski, Pawel", "Schmitt, Francois", "Zdrenghea, Mihnea", "Souberbielle, Jean-Claude"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474141", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239781, "title": "What use are words at a time like this?", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Darbyshire, Philip"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239781", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32118642, "title": "Science in the fight against the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Wang, Jian-Wei", "Cao, Bin", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118642", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404623, "title": "Best Practice Guidelines for the Management of Acute Craniomaxillofacial Trauma During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Craniofac Surg", "authors": ["DeSerres, Joshua J", "Al-Shaqsi, Sultan Z", "Antonyshyn, Oleh M", "Fialkov, Jeffrey A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404623", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that is caused by severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Although elective surgical procedures are being cancelled in many parts of the world during the COVID-19 pandemic, acute craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma will continue to occur and will need to be appropriately managed. Surgical procedures involving the nasal, oral, or pharyngeal mucosa carry a high risk of transmission due to aerosolization of the virus which is known to be in high concentration in these areas. Intraoperative exposure to high viral loads through aerosolization carries a very high risk of transmission, and the severity of the disease contracted in this manner is worse than that transmitted through regular community transmission. This places surgeons operating in the CMF region at particularly high risk during the pandemic. There is currently a paucity of information to delineate the best practice for the management of acute CMF trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, a clear protocol describing optimal screening, timing of intervention and choice of personal protective equipment, is needed. The authors have proposed an algorithm for management of CMF trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that urgent and emergent CMF injuries are addressed appropriately while optimizing the safety of surgeons and other healthcare providers. The algorithm is based on available evidence at the time of writing. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve and more evidence and better testing becomes available, the algorithm should be modified accordingly."}, {"pmid": 32517824, "title": "COVID-19 in Spain. Coming back to the \"New normality\" after two months of confinement.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Mateos, Raimundo", "Fernandez, Melchor", "Franco, Manuel", "Sanchez, Manuel"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517824", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362487, "pmcid": "PMC7183953", "title": "New Data and the Covid-19 Pandemic Mandate a Rethink of Antiplatelet Strategies in Patients With TIA or Minor Stroke Associated With Atherosclerotic Carotid Stenosis.", "journal": "Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg", "authors": ["Naylor, A R", "McCabe, D J H"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362487", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302206, "title": "Reply to \"CT Findings of Pregnant Women With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia\".", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Li, Lin", "Liu, Dehan", "Yang, Lian"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302206", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474933, "title": "Rapid publishing in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Talley, Nicholas J"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474933", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501803, "title": "Wearable activity trackers for monitoring adherence to home confinement during the Covid-19 pandemic: a worldwide picture.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Pepin, Jean-Louis", "Bruno, Rosa Maria", "Yang, Ruiyi", "Vercamer, Vincent", "Jouhaud, Paul", "Escourrou, Pierre", "Boutouyrie, Pierre"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501803", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of COVID-19 home confinement, objective, real-time data are needed to assess the population's adherence to home confinement in order to adapt policies and control measures. Wearable activity trackers provide continuous monitoring of people's natural activity patterns whatever their location. We asked whether the huge amount of data they provide might reflect adherence to confinement rules. We analyzed data on number of steps per day from over 740,000 individuals around the world. Results: We show physical activity patterns in several representative countries with total, partial or no home confinement. The decrease in steps per day regions with strict total home confinement ranged from -25 to -54%. Aggregate analysis of activity tracker data, with the potential for a daily update, can inform governments on the adherence to home-confinement policies. "}, {"pmid": 32532318, "title": "A plea for avoiding systematic intubation in severely hypoxemic patients with COVID-19-associated respiratory failure.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Villarreal-Fernandez, Eduardo", "Patel, Ravi", "Golamari, Reshma", "Khalid, Muhammad", "DeWaters, Ami", "Haouzi, Philippe"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532318", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532356, "title": "Safety and efficacy assessment of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells to treat patients with severe COVID-19: structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Phase I / II).", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Ye, Qingsong", "Wang, Hua", "Xia, Xia", "Zhou, Chenliang", "Liu, Zhiming", "Xia, Zun-En", "Zhang, Zhan", "Zhao, Yang", "Yehenala, Jun", "Wang, Si", "Zhou, Gangqiao", "Hu, Ke", "Wu, Bin", "Wu, Chu-Tse", "Wang, Songling", "He, Yan"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532356", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the safety and therapeutic effects of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in treating severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19. This is a single centre, two arm ratio 1:1, triple blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, clinical trial. Twenty serious COVID-19 cases will be enrolled in the trial from April 6th to December 31st 2020. hospitalised patients at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University satisfy all criteria as below: 1)Adults aged 18-65 years;2)Voluntarily participate in this clinical trial and sign the \"informed consent form\" or have consent from a legal representative.3)Diagnosed with severe pneumonia of COVID-19: nucleic acid test SARS-CoV-2 positive; respiratory distress (respiratory rate > 30 times / min); hypoxia (resting oxygen saturation < 93% or arterial partial pressure of oxygen / oxygen concentration < 300 mmHg).4)COVID-19 featured lung lesions in chest X-ray image. Patients will be excluded from the study if they meet any of the following criteria. 1.Patients have received other experimental treatment for COVID-19 within the last 30 days;2.Patients have severe liver condition (e.g., Child Pugh score >=C or AST> 5 times of the upper limit);3.Patients with severe renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate <=30mL / min/1.73 m2) or patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis;4.Patients who are co-infected with HIV, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, influenza virus, adenovirus or other respiratory infection viruses;5.Female patients who have no sexual protection in the last 30 days prior to the screening assessment;6.Pregnant or lactating women or women using estrogen contraception;7.Patients who are planning to become pregnant during the study period or within 6 months after the end of the study period;8.Other conditions that the researchers consider not suitable for participating in this clinical trial. There will be two study groups: experimental and control. Both will receive all necessary routine treatment for COVID-19. The experimental group will receive an intravenous injection of dental pulp stem cells suspension (3.0x107 human DPSCs in 30ml saline solution) on day 1, 4 and 7; The control group will receive an equal amount of saline (placebo) on the same days. Clinical and laboratory observations will be performed for analysis during a period of 28 days for each case since the commencement of the study. 1. Primary outcome The primary outcome is Time To Clinical Improvement (TTCI). By definition, TTCI is the time (days) it takes to downgrade two levels from the following six ordered grades [(grade 1) discharge to (grade 6) death] in the clinical state of admission to the start of study treatments (hDPSCs or placebo). Six grades of ordered variables: GradeDescriptionGrade 1:Discharged of patient;Grade 2:Hospitalized without oxygen supplement;Grade 3:Hospitalized, oxygen supplement is required, but NIV / HFNC is not required;Grade 4:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, and NIV / HFNC treatment is required;Grade 5:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, requiring ECMO and/or IMV;Grade 6:Death. NIV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation; HFNC, high-flow nasal catheter; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation. 2. Secondary outcomes 2.1 vital signs: heart rate, blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure). During the screening period, hospitalization every day (additional time points of D1, D4, D7 30min before injection, 2h \u00b1 30min, 24h \u00b1 30min after the injection) and follow-up period D90 \u00b1 3 days. 2.2 Laboratory examinations: during the screening period, 30 minutes before D1, D4, D7 infusion, 2h \u00b1 30min, 24h \u00b1 30min after the end of infusion, D10, D14, D28 during hospitalization or discharge day and follow-up period D90 \u00b1 3 days. 2.3 Blood routine: white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils Acidic granulocyte count, basophil count, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, average volume of red blood cells, average red blood cell Hb content, average red blood cell Hb concentration, RDW standard deviation, RDW coefficient of variation, platelet count, platelet specific platelet average Volume, platelet distribution width,% of large platelets; 2.4 Liver and kidney function tests: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, \u03b3-glutamyl transferase, prealbumin, total protein, albumin, globulin, white / globule ratio , Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholinesterase, urea, creatinine, total carbon dioxide, uric acid glucose, potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, corrected calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus product, anion gap, penetration Pressure, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein a, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, estimated glomerular filtration rate. 2.5 Inflammation indicators: hypersensitive C-reactive protein, serum amyloid (SAA); 2.6 Infectious disease testing: Hepatitis B (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb), Hepatitis C (Anti-HCV), AIDS (HIVcombin), syphilis (Anti-TP), cytomegalovirus CMV-IgM, cytomegalovirus CMV-IgG; only during the screening period and follow-up period D90 \u00b1 3. 2.7 Immunological testing: Collect peripheral blood to detect the phenotype of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, natural killer cell, Macrophage and neutrophil by using flow cytometry. Collect peripheral blood to detect the gene profile of mononuclear cells by using single-cell analyses. Collect peripheral blood serum to detect various immunoglobulin changes: IgA, IgG, IgM, total IgE; Collect peripheral blood serum to explore the changes of cytokines, Th1 cytokines (IL-1 \u03b2, IL-2, TNF-a, ITN-\u03b3), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL -10). 2.8 Pregnancy test: blood \u03b2-HCG, female subjects before menopause are examined during the screening period and follow-up period D90 \u00b1 3. 2.9 Urine routine: color, clarity, urine sugar, bilirubin, ketone bodies, specific gravity, pH, urobilinogen, nitrite, protein, occult blood, leukocyte enzymes, red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells , Transparent cast, pathological cast, crystal, fungus; 2.10 Stool Routine: color, traits, white blood cells, red blood cells, fat globules, eggs of parasites, fungi, occult blood (chemical method), occult blood (immune method), transferrin (2h \u00b1 30min after the injection and not detected after discharge). Block randomization method will be applied by computer to allocate the participants into experimental and control groups. The random ratio is 1:1. Participants, outcomes assessors and investigators (including personnel in laboratory and imaging department who issue the sample report or image observations) will be blinded. Injections of cell suspension and saline will be coded in accordance with the patient's randomisation group. The blind strategy is kept by an investigator who does not deliver the medical care or assess primary outcome results. Twenty participants will be randomized to the experimental and control groups (10 per group). Protocol version number, hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020 Version 2.0, March 13, 2020. Patients screening commenced on 16th April and an estimated date of the recruitment of the final participants will be around end of July. . Registration: World Health Organization Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000031319; March 27,2020. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04336254; April 7, 2020 Other Study ID Numbers: hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020 FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32341947, "pmcid": "PMC7182523", "title": "Masks and thermometers: Paramount measures to stop the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the United States.", "journal": "Genes Dis", "authors": ["Wu, Erxi", "Qi, Dan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341947", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the United States, there is currently an exponential growth for the COVID-19 cases. The US president's coronavirus guidelines for Americans \"30 Days to Slow The Spread\" are necessary. To effectively curb the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, two more control measures masks and thermometers are strongly suggested to be included in the Guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32277733, "pmcid": "PMC7262091", "title": "Summarizing societal guidelines regarding bronchoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["Lentz, Robert J", "Colt, Henri"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277733", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456767, "title": "Anakinra in COVID-19 therapy: what have we learned from adult-onset Still's disease?", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Bilia, Silvia", "Giannini, Daiana", "Rizzelli, Grazia Maria Luisa", "Tavoni, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456767", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435268, "pmcid": "PMC7224358", "title": "Facing the COVID-19 outbreak in children with cancer.", "journal": "Drugs Context", "authors": ["Ruggiero, Antonio", "Romano, Alberto", "Attina, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435268", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Europe is now the epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak. Many concerns have arisen about the management and treatment of children with cancer while researchers are wondering how to deal with this devastating pandemic. In view of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 outbreak, it is fundamental to stress that the behavior and hygiene rules adopted by children with cancer must be respected and implemented in order to continue to safeguard their health for the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32369632, "title": "Chilblain-like lesions: a case series of 41 patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Lopez-Robles, J", "de la Hera, I", "Pardo, J", "Martinez, J", "Cutillas-Marco, E"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369632", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic dermatologists in countries with the highest incidence have noted an increase in consultations for chilblain-like lesions. In the Region of Murcia, a south-east Spanish area with around 1.5 million population, dermatologists have collected these findings during one week. In most cases photographs were taken by the patients themselves and referred to their General Practitioners before getting to us via our regional teledermatology platform. Patients were asked about fever, cough, shortness of breath or gastrointestinal symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32499970, "pmcid": "PMC7265762", "title": "Psychological and Behavioral Response to the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Balkhi, Fizra", "Nasir, Aamna", "Zehra, Arhama", "Riaz, Ramsha"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499970", "countries": ["China", "Pakistan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background The outbreak of Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, which began in December 2019, evolved to become a global pandemic. The pandemic, along with the obvious health-related impact, also poses a serious threat to the psychological well-being of individuals and has resulted in significant behavioral changes. We aimed to describe the psycho-behavioral response to this crisis among the population of Karachi, Pakistan, in the month of March 2020. Methods A structured, self-administered questionnaire was constructed, based on previously conducted surveys, assessing the psychological impact and behavioral changes pertaining to COVID-19. Questionnaires were made available online, and were administered to any individual who was a resident of Karachi, during March 2020. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) to identify possible risk factors for psychological and behavioral changes. The responses were compared based on gender, age, and level of education, to find possible statistical correlations using chi-square test. Results This research studied data from 400 participants residing in Karachi, Pakistan. The spread of the virus had resulted in subsequent development of fears in the target population,\u00a0with the majority of the respondents feeling anxious on a daily basis (62.5%). The participants feared going to marketplaces (88.8%), were concerned for the health of their family members (94.5%), and felt under-confident with the current infection control measures (71%). Significantly elevated levels of fear were noted among people >35 years of age. They were more likely to fear for the safety of their health even at home (p=0.06). Meanwhile, increased\u00a0levels of anxiety due to use of social media among people below 35 years had resulted in avoidance behaviors (p=0.04). There was a higher tendency for graduates to fear for the safety of their health, even at home (p<0.01).\u00a0In addition, more than three-fourths of our participants had incorporated changes in their behavior to ensure their safety i.e. reduced physical contact (86.5%) and visits to healthcare facilities (74.5%), canceled plans (84.5%), and washing hands more often (87%). Conclusion\u00a0 Our study highlighted the increased anxiety levels that an individual experienced on a regular basis regarding their health, the health of their peers, certain avoidance behaviors as a result of the disease, and behavioral changes of the concerned population. Besides calling attention to this worrisome situation, we also tried to list possible solutions to avert any future distress that may ensue as a result. Hopefully, our study will help the concerned authorities to take measures in order to alleviate the psychological and behavioral impact of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32251716, "pmcid": "PMC7129715", "title": "What is the role of rheumatologists in the era of COVID-19?", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Marotto, Daniela", "Sarzi-Puttini, Piercarlo"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251716", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324359, "title": "Diagnostic consideration and bedside estimation of the prognosis in COVID-19 patients", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Korsos, Anita", "Kupcsulik, Szilvia", "Lovas, Andras", "Hankovszky, Peter", "Molnar, Tamas", "Szabo, Zsolt", "Babik, Barna"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324359", "countries": ["China", "Hungary"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown origin occured in Wuhan, China. The identified infective agent is a novel corona virus called \u201csevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2\u201d (SARS-CoV-2) and the respiratory disease caused by this agent aquired the name \u201ccoronavirus disease 2019\u201d (COVID-19). In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a pandemic. We reviewed the international literature regarding the novel coronavirus outbreak. Here below, we focus mainly on the diagnostic issues of COVID-19 and on the estimation of the prognosis. We detail the relevant anamnestic factors and initial examination results which serve as basics for the clinical suspicion of COVID-19. We also focus on the proper method of microbiological sampling and the relevant informations regarding diagnostic tests like the gold standard real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. We also cite the current national epidemiologic regulations of testing for novel coronavirus. In the last section, we emphasize the importance and the potential way of early identification of high-risk patients. The COVID-19 pandemic may cause substantial epidemiological and healthcare burden even in Hungary. In addition to the epidemiologic interventions aiming the deceleration of the outbreak, the early identification and the correct hospital treatment remain key issues since these may influence mortality. The chances of the critically ill patients could be improved solely by a high-quality and careful critical care. It is prudent to meet the experiences of colleagues working hard with these patients in the already heavily infected countries. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 667\u2013671."}, {"pmid": 32418065, "pmcid": "PMC7229432", "title": "Added value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in a SARS-CoV-2-infected complex case with persistent fever.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Kamani, Christel H", "Jreige, Mario", "Pappon, Martin", "Fischbacher, Arnaud", "Borens, Olivier", "Monney, Pierre", "Nicod Lalonde, Marie", "Schaefer, Niklaus", "Prior, John O"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418065", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440660, "pmcid": "PMC7211430", "title": "Analysis of Maternal Coronavirus Infections and Neonates Born to Mothers with 2019-nCoV; a Systematic Review.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Muhidin, Salut", "Behboodi Moghadam, Zahra", "Vizheh, Maryam"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440660", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence and fast spread of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) threatens the world as a new public health crisis. This study aimed to clarify the impact of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on pregnant patients and maternal and neonatal outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, ProQuest, and Science Direct. All studies including original data; case reports, case series, descriptive and observational studies, and randomized controlled trials were searched from December 2019 until 19 March 2020. The search identified 1472 results and 939 abstracts were screened. 928 articles were excluded because studies did not include pregnant women. Full texts of eleven relevant studies were reviewed and finally nine studies were included in this study. The characteristics of 89 pregnant women and their neonates were studied. Results revealed that low-grade fever and cough were the principal symptoms in all patients. The main reported laboratory findings were lymphopenia, elevated C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Amino alanine transferase (ALT), and Aspartate amino transferase (AST). In all symptomatic cases, chest Computerized Tomography (CT) scans were abnormal. Fetal distress, premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor were the main prenatal complications. Two women needed intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation, one of whom developed multi-organ dysfunction and was on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO). No case of maternal death was reported up to the time the studies were published. 79 mothers delivered their babies by cesarean section and five women had a vaginal delivery. No fetal infection through intrauterine vertical transmission was reported. Available data showed that pregnant patients in late pregnancy had clinical manifestations similar to non-pregnant adults. It appears that the risk of fetal distress, preterm delivery and prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) rises with the onset of COVID-19 in the third trimester of pregnancy. There is also no evidence of intrauterine and transplacental transmission of COVID-19 to the fetus in the third trimester of pregnancies."}, {"pmid": 32422894, "title": "A Novel Synonymous Mutation of SARS-CoV-2: Is This Possible to Affect Their Antigenicity and Immunogenicity?", "journal": "Vaccines (Basel)", "authors": ["Kim, Sung-Jae", "Nguyen, Van-Giap", "Park, Yong-Ho", "Park, Bong-Kyun", "Chung, Hee-Chun"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422894", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The S glycoprotein of coronaviruses is important for viral entry and pathogenesis with most variable sequences. Therefore, we analyzed the S gene sequences of SARS-CoV-2 to better understand the antigenicity and immunogenicity of this virus in this study. In phylogenetic analysis, two subtypes (SARS-CoV-2a and -b) were confirmed within SARS-CoV-2 strains. These two subtypes were divided by a novel synonymous mutation of D614G. This may play a crucial role in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 to evade the host immune system. The region containing this mutation point was confirmed as a B-cell epitope located in the S1 domain, and SARS-CoV-2b strains exhibited severe reduced antigenic indexes compared to SARS-CoV-2a in this area. This may allow these two subtypes to have different antigenicity. If the two subtypes have different serological characteristics, a vaccine for both subtypes will be more effective to prevent COVID-19. Thus, further study is urgently required to confirm the antigenicity of these two subtypes."}, {"pmid": 32378731, "title": "What is the role of a dermatologist in the battle against COVID-19? The experience from a hospital on the frontline in Milan.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Nazzaro, Gianluca", "Marzano, Angelo V", "Berti, Emilio"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378731", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32131142, "title": "From the frontline of COVID-19 - how prepared are we as obstetricians? A commentary.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Chua, Msq", "Lee, Jcs", "Sulaiman, S", "Tan, H K"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32131142", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373394, "pmcid": "PMC7198438", "title": "Using the contact network model and Metropolis-Hastings sampling to reconstruct the COVID-19 spread on the \"Diamond Princess\".", "journal": "Sci Bull (Beijing)", "authors": ["Liu, Feng", "Li, Xin", "Zhu, Gaofeng"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373394", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Traditional compartmental models such as SIR (susceptible, infected, recovered) assume that the epidemic transmits in a homogeneous population, but the real contact patterns in epidemics are heterogeneous. Employing a more realistic model that considers heterogeneous contact is consequently necessary. Here, we use a contact network to reconstruct unprotected, protected contact, and airborne spread to simulate the two-stages outbreak of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) on the \"Diamond Princess\" cruise ship. We employ Bayesian inference and Metropolis-Hastings sampling to estimate the model parameters and quantify the uncertainties by the ensemble simulation technique. During the early epidemic with intensive social contacts, the results reveal that the average transmissibility \n                        t\n                     was 0.026 and the basic reproductive number \n                        \n                            R\n                            0\n                        \n                     was 6.94, triple that in the WHO report, indicating that all people would be infected in one month. The \n                        t\n                     and \n                        \n                            R\n                            0\n                        \n                     decreased to 0.0007 and 0.2 when quarantine was implemented. The reconstruction suggests that diluting the airborne virus concentration in closed settings is useful in addition to isolation, and high-risk susceptible should follow rigorous prevention measures in case exposed. This study can provide useful implications for control and prevention measures for the other cruise ships and closed settings."}, {"pmid": 32354810, "title": "An alternative COVID-19 checklist.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Thomas, Mari"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354810", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32228226, "pmcid": "PMC7170362", "title": "Transcriptomic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Xiong, Yong", "Liu, Yuan", "Cao, Liu", "Wang, Dehe", "Guo, Ming", "Jiang, Ao", "Guo, Dong", "Hu, Wenjia", "Yang, Jiayi", "Tang, Zhidong", "Wu, Honglong", "Lin, Yongquan", "Zhang, Meiyuan", "Zhang, Qi", "Shi, Mang", "Liu, Yingle", "Zhou, Yu", "Lan, Ke", "Chen, Yu"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228226", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Circulating in China and 158 other countries and areas, the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak has caused devastating mortality and posed a great threat to public health. However, efforts to identify effectively supportive therapeutic drugs and treatments has been hampered by our limited understanding of host immune response for this fatal disease. To characterize the transcriptional signatures of host inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 (HCoV-19) infection, we carried out transcriptome sequencing of the RNAs isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) specimens of COVID-19 patients. Our results reveal distinct host inflammatory cytokine profiles to SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients, and highlight the association between COVID-19 pathogenesis and excessive cytokine release such as CCL2/MCP-1, CXCL10/IP-10, CCL3/MIP-1A, and CCL4/MIP1B. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 induced activation of apoptosis and P53 signalling pathway in lymphocytes may be the cause of patients' lymphopenia. The transcriptome dataset of COVID-19 patients would be a valuable resource for clinical guidance on anti-inflammatory medication and understanding the molecular mechansims of host response."}, {"pmid": 32414291, "title": "Fake Science: XMRV, COVID-19, and the Toxic Legacy of Dr. Judy Mikovits.", "journal": "AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses", "authors": ["Neil, Stuart J D", "Campbell, Edward M"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414291", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "One cannot spend >5\u2009min on social media at the moment without finding a link to some conspiracy theory or other regarding the origin of SARS-CoV2, the coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. From the virus being deliberately released as a bioweapon to pharmaceutical companies blocking the trials of natural remedies to boost their dangerous drugs and vaccines, the Internet is rife with far-fetched rumors. And predictably, now that the first immunization trials have started, the antivaccine lobby has latched on to most of them. In the last week, the trailer for a new \"bombshell documentary\" Plandemic has been doing the rounds, gaining notoriety for being repeatedly removed from YouTube and Facebook. We usually would not pay much heed to such things, but for retrovirologists like us, the name associated with these claims is unfortunately too familiar: Dr. Judy Mikovits."}, {"pmid": 32330113, "pmcid": "PMC7215513", "title": "Comment on \"Digital Mental Health and COVID-19: Using Technology Today to Accelerate the Curve on Access and Quality Tomorrow\": A UK Perspective.", "journal": "JMIR Ment Health", "authors": ["Whelan, Pauline", "Stockton-Powdrell, Charlotte", "Jardine, Jenni", "Sainsbury, John"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330113", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488552, "pmcid": "PMC7265868", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on HIV Testing and Assisted Partner Notification Services, Western Kenya.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Lagat, Harison", "Sharma, Monisha", "Kariithi, Edward", "Otieno, George", "Katz, David", "Masyuko, Sarah", "Mugambi, Mary", "Wamuti, Beatrice", "Weiner, Bryan", "Farquhar, Carey"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488552", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488828, "pmcid": "PMC7266421", "title": "Science, Religion, Government, and SARS-CoV-2: A Time for Synergy.", "journal": "J Relig Health", "authors": ["Hong, Barry A", "Handal, Paul J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488828", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Religion, science and government have been institutions throughout the ages that have helped us deal with fears and threats like SARS-CoV-2. However, reliance on any one of these institutions exclusively has limitations and therefore are sources of disappointments. The SARS-CoV-2 is a reminder that we can and need to blend these seemingly divergent views of science, religion and government. Each of these institutions provides ways to cope with this worldwide pandemic but they can exercise a much greater impact if they operate in unison for the common good and well-being of all."}, {"pmid": 32491101, "pmcid": "PMC7269523", "title": "War economy and the COVID-19 pandemic: Inequalities in stimulus packages as an additional challenge for health systems.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Souza, Carlos Dornels Freire de"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491101", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283246, "pmcid": "PMC7146679", "title": "Treating the mental health effects of COVID-19: The need for at-home neurotherapeutics is now.", "journal": "Brain Stimul", "authors": ["Caulfield, Kevin A", "George, Mark S"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283246", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32156144, "title": "Protocol for the development of a rapid advice guideline for prevention, management and care of children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "authors": ["Li, Weiguo", "Zhou, Qi", "Tang, Yuyi", "Ren, Luo", "Yu, Xuan", "Li, Qiu", "Liu, Enmei", "Chen, Yaolong"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156144", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446801, "pmcid": "PMC7242186", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and diabetes: New challenges for the disease.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Cristelo, Cecilia", "Azevedo, Claudia", "Marques, Joana Moreira", "Nunes, Rute", "Sarmento, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446801", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel small enveloped RNA virus with the typical characteristic of the family to which it belongs, a crown, hence the name coronavirus, appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and subdued the world to its influence. The particular severity of the disease and higher mortality rates in patients with associated morbidities, including hypertension, obesity and diabetes, increases the concern over the consequences of this pandemic. In this review, the features of SARS-CoV-2 will be addressed, as well as the reasons why it poses a particular challenge to diabetic patients. We will also highlight the recent treatment strategies being explored to control this pandemic. Emerging evidence demonstrates that the correct management of diabetes in those patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 is of utmost importance for the viral disease progression, therefore, the importance of blood glucose control will also be addressed."}, {"pmid": 32494836, "pmcid": "PMC7269422", "title": "The psycho-emotional impact of COVID-19 on surgical staff working in emergency departments.", "journal": "Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Karampelias, Vasileios", "Karonis, Dimitris", "Psaroudi, Varvara"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494836", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32161092, "pmcid": "PMC7180238", "title": "Emergence of a Novel Coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: Biology and Therapeutic Options.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Khan, Suliman", "Siddique, Rabeea", "Shereen, Muhammad Adnan", "Ali, Ashaq", "Liu, Jianbo", "Bai, Qian", "Bashir, Nadia", "Xue, Mengzhou"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161092", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new decade of the 21st century (2020) started with the emergence of a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 that caused an epidemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. It is the third highly pathogenic and transmissible coronavirus after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in humans. The source of origin, transmission to humans, and mechanisms associated with the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 are not yet clear, however, its resemblance to SARS-CoV and several other bat coronaviruses was recently confirmed through genome sequencing-related studies. The development of therapeutic strategies is necessary in order to prevent further epidemics and cure infections. In this review, we summarize current information about the emergence, origin, diversity, and epidemiology of three pathogenic coronaviruses with a specific focus on the current outbreak in Wuhan, China. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical features and potential therapeutic options that may be effective against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32157783, "pmcid": "PMC7228204", "title": "COVID-19 and psoriasis: Is it time to limit treatment with immunosuppressants? A call for action.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Conforti, Claudio", "Giuffrida, Roberta", "Dianzani, Caterina", "Di Meo, Nicola", "Zalaudek, Iris"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32157783", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518440, "pmcid": "PMC7270371", "title": "Why coronavirus death rate is so hard to pin down.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Le Page, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518440", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472939, "title": "Assessing the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on SARS-CoV-2 transmission in Switzerland.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Lemaitre, Joseph C", "Perez-Saez, Javier", "Azman, Andrew S", "Rinaldo, Andrea", "Fellay, Jacques"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472939", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the rapid dissemination of COVID-19 cases in Switzerland, large-scale non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented by the cantons and the federal government between 28 February and 20 March 2020. Estimates of the impact of these interventions on SARS-CoV-2 transmission are critical for decision making in this and future outbreaks. We here aim to assess the impact of these NPIs on disease transmission by estimating changes in the basic reproduction number (R0) at national and cantonal levels in relation to the timing of these NPIs. We estimated the time-varying R0 nationally and in eleven cantons by fitting a stochastic transmission model explicitly simulating within-hospital dynamics. We used individual-level data from more than 1000 hospitalised patients in Switzerland and public daily reports of hospitalisations and deaths. We estimated the national R0 to be 2.8 (95% confidence interval 2.1&ndash;3.8) at the beginning of the epidemic. Starting from around 7 March, we found a strong reduction in time-varying R0 with a 86% median decrease (95% quantile range [QR] 79&ndash;90%) to a value of 0.40 (95% QR 0.3&ndash;0.58) in the period of 29 March to 5 April. At the cantonal level, R0 decreased over the course of the epidemic between 53% and 92%. Reductions in time-varying R0 were synchronous with changes in mobility patterns as estimated through smartphone activity, which started before the official implementation of NPIs. We inferred that most of the reduction of transmission is attributable to behavioural changes as opposed to natural immunity, the latter accounting for only about 4% of the total reduction in effective transmission. As Switzerland considers relaxing some of the restrictions of social mixing, current estimates of time-varying R0 well below one are promising. However, as of 24 April 2020, at least 96% (95% QR 95.7&ndash;96.4%) of the Swiss population remains susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. These results warrant a cautious relaxation of social distance practices and close monitoring of changes in both the basic and effective reproduction numbers."}, {"pmid": 32380209, "pmcid": "PMC7198173", "title": "A highly pathogenic GI-19 lineage infectious bronchitis virus originated from multiple recombination events with broad tissue tropism.", "journal": "Virus Res", "authors": ["Hou, Yutong", "Zhang, Lili", "Ren, Mengting", "Han, Zongxi", "Sun, Junfeng", "Zhao, Yan", "Liu, Shengwang"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the present study, an IBV strain I0305/19 was isolated from a diseased commercial broiler flock in 2019 in China with high morbidity and mortality. The isolate I0305/19 was clustered together with viruses in sublineage D of GI-19 lineage on the basis of the complete S1 sequence analysis. Isolate I0305/19 and other GI-19 viruses isolated in China have the amino acid sequence MIA at positions 110-112 in the S protein. Further analysis based on the complete genomic sequence showed that the isolate emerged through at least four recombination events between GI-19 ck/CH/LJS/120848- and GI-13 4/91-like strains, in which the S gene was found to be similar to that of the GI-19 ck/CH/LJS/120848-like strain. Pathological assessment showed the isolate was a nephropathogenic IBV strain that caused high morbidity of 100 % and mortality of 80 % in 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks. The isolate I0305/19 exhibited broader tropisms in different tissues, including tracheas, lungs, bursa of Fabricius, spleen, liver, kidneys, proventriculus, small intestines, large intestines, cecum, and cecal tonsils. Furthermore, subpopulations of the virus were found in tissues of infected chickens; this finding is important in understanding how the virulent IBV strains can potentially replicate and evolve to cause disease. This information is also valuable for understanding the mechanisms of replication and evolution of other coronaviruses such as the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32408910, "title": "Interdisciplinary and Collaborative Approaches Needed to Determine Impact of COVID-19 on Older Adults and Aging: CAG/ACG and CJA/RCV Joint Statement.", "journal": "Can J Aging", "authors": ["Meisner, Brad A", "Boscart, Veronique", "Gaudreau, Pierrette", "Stolee, Paul", "Ebert, Patricia", "Heyer, Michelle", "Kadowaki, Laura", "Kelly, Christine", "Levasseur, Melanie", "Massie, Ariane S", "Menec, Verena", "Middleton, Laura", "Sheiban, Linda", "Thornton, Wendy Loken", "Tong, Catherine", "van den Hoonaard, Deborah K", "Wilson, Kimberley"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408910", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent state of public emergency have significantly affected older adults in Canada and worldwide. It is imperative that the gerontological response be efficient and effective. In this statement, the board members of the Canadian Association on Gerontology/L'Association canadienne de g\u00e9rontologie (CAG/ACG) and the Canadian Journal on Aging/La revue canadienne du vieillissement (CJA/RCV) acknowledge the contributions of CAG/ACG members and CJA/RCV readers. We also profile the complex ways that COVID-19 is affecting older adults, from individual to population levels, and advocate for the adoption of multidisciplinary collaborative teams to bring together different perspectives, areas of expertise, and methods of evaluation in the COVID-19 response."}, {"pmid": 32371110, "pmcid": "PMC7194052", "title": "Is it Crohn's disease?", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Parigi, Tommaso Lorenzo", "Bonifacio, Cristiana", "Danese, Silvio"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371110", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301034, "pmcid": "PMC7160609", "title": "Our Most Powerful Weapon to Fight COVID-19: Patient Involvement.", "journal": "Patient", "authors": ["Pitts, Peter J"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301034", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440662, "pmcid": "PMC7212074", "title": "Management of Pemphigus in COVID-19 Pandemic Era; a Review Article.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Abdollahimajd, Fahimeh", "Shahidi-Dadras, Mohammad", "M Robati, Reza", "Dadkhahfar, Sahar"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440662", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus is rapidly spreading around the world. Since the public announcement of the COVID-19 outbreak, several concerns have been raised by dermatologists as well as pemphigus patients who take immunosuppressive drugs. In this paper, we review the literature about the common treatment of pemphigus with a focus on the lessons from similar epidemics to find a proper suggestion to manage pemphigus in the COVID-19 pandemic era. The effect of many of the drugs used for treatment of Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) on COVID-19 is not clear. We also do not have data on the impact of this autoimmune disease, which may involve the mucous membranes, on the acquisition or course of COVID-19. We are currently in the midst of a pandemic and evaluating the effect of COVID-19 on the population of susceptible patients suffering from auto-immune diseases like pemphigus is essential. The evidence on best ways to manage patients with underlying conditions, such as pemphigus, during the outbreak of COVID-19 is evolving and the data is updated every day."}, {"pmid": 32530410, "title": "Ramadan and COVID-19: A Challenge amongst Challenges.", "journal": "Turk Thorac J", "authors": ["Asfahan, Shahir", "Chawla, Gopal", "Dutt, Naveen"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530410", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443962, "title": "How COVID-19 Rapidly Transformed Clinical Practice at the Harold Schnitzer Diabetes Health Center Now and for the Future.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Castle, Jessica R", "Rocha, Lolis", "Ahmann, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443962", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520639, "title": "Response to Kim et al. re: \"Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Treatment for Severe COVID-19\".", "journal": "Stem Cells Dev", "authors": ["Sengupta, Vikram", "Sengupta, Sascha", "Lazo, Angel , Jr", "Hicok, Kevin C", "Moseley, Timothy"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520639", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301646, "pmcid": "PMC7233409", "title": "Diagnostic Performance of CT and Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction for Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Kim, Hyungjin", "Hong, Hyunsook", "Yoon, Soon Ho"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301646", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Recent studies have suggested that chest computed tomography (CT) scans could be used as a primary screening or diagnostic tool for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in epidemic areas. Purpose To perform a meta-analysis to evaluate diagnostic performance measures, including predictive values, of chest CT and initial reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Materials and Methods MEDLINE and Embase were searched from January 1, 2020 to April 3, 2020 for studies on COVID-19 that reported the sensitivity and/or specificity of CT scans and/or RT-PCR assays. The pooled sensitivity and specificity were estimated by using random-effects models. The actual prevalence (i.e., the proportion of confirmed patients among those tested) in eight countries was obtained from web sources, and the predictive values were calculated. Meta-regression was performed to reveal the effect of potential explanatory factors on the diagnostic performance measures. Results The pooled sensitivity was 94% (95% CI: 91%, 96%; I\n                        2\n                    =95%) for chest CT and 89% (95% CI: 81%, 94%; I\n                        2\n                    =90%) for RT-PCR. The pooled specificity was 37% (95% CI: 26%, 50%; I\n                        2\n                    =83%) for chest CT. The prevalence of COVID-19 outside China ranged from 1.0% to 22.9%. For chest CT scans, the positive predictive value (PPV) ranged from 1.5% to 30.7%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) ranged from 95.4% to 99.8%. For RT-PCR,the PPV ranged from 47.3% to 96.4%, while the NPV ranged from 96.8% to 99.9%. The sensitivity of CT was affected by the distribution of disease severity, the proportion of patients with comorbidities, and the proportion of asymptomatic patients (all p < 0.05). The sensitivity of RT-PCR was negatively associated with the proportion of elderly patients (p = 0.01). Conclusion Outside of China where there is a low-prevalence of COVID-19 (1-22.9%), chest CT screening of patients with suspected disease had low positive predictive value (1.5-30.7%)."}, {"pmid": 32456606, "title": "Synergistic effect of vitamin D and remdesivir can fight COVID-19.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Arya, Aditya", "Dwivedi, Vivek Dhar"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456606", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201889, "pmcid": "PMC7184331", "title": "A COVID-19 Transmission within a family cluster by presymptomatic infectors in China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qian, Guoqing", "Yang, Naibin", "Ma, Ada Hoi Yan", "Wang, Liping", "Li, Guoxiang", "Chen, Xueqin", "Chen, Xiaomin"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201889", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a COVID-19 family cluster caused by a presymptomatic case. There were 9 family members, including 8 laboratory-confirmed with COVID-19, and a 6-year-old child had no evidence of infection. Amongst the 8 patients, one adult and one 13-month-old infant were asymptomatic, one adult was diagnosed as having severe pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32364301, "pmcid": "PMC7267532", "title": "COVID-19 and paediatric health services: A survey of paediatric physicians in Australia and New Zealand.", "journal": "J Paediatr Child Health", "authors": ["Foley, David A", "Kirk, Michael", "Jepp, Catherine", "Brophy-Williams, Sam", "Tong, Steven Y C", "Davis, Joshua S", "Blyth, Christopher C", "O'Brien, Matthew P", "Bowen, Asha C", "Yeoh, Daniel K"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364301", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is now a global pandemic. At the time of survey, fewer than 150 children in Australia and New Zealand had documented infection. The aim of this study was to assess attitudes, readiness and confidence in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic through an online survey of paediatric physicians and sub-specialists across Australia and New Zealand. Multiple email list groups were used to contact paediatric physicians to undertake an online Likert scale survey between 17 and 24 March. Respondents' specialty, experience and work setting were recorded. Ordinal logistic regression was used to determine respondent factors. There were 542 respondents from across Australia and New Zealand: an estimated 11% of the paediatric physician workforce. A minority (36.6%) agreed that their national response had been well coordinated; the majority (92.7%) agreed that senior-level hospital administrators were taking the situation seriously. Most reported a good understanding of the natural history of COVID-19 in children, and knowledge of where to find local information. A large proportion of physicians (86.1%) were worried about becoming infected through their work; few (5.8%) reported that they would not come to work to avoid infection. Closure of school and childcares would reduce the ability to continue work at current capacity for 23.6% of respondents. Despite limited experience in pandemics, most paediatric physicians felt informed. Concern about exposure at work is common; most were willing to work regardless. The closure of schools and daycares may have an impact on staffing. Coordination and leadership will be critical."}, {"pmid": 32493704, "title": "Pediatric inflammatory syndrome temporally related to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Son, Mary Beth F"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493704", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360885, "pmcid": "PMC7192069", "title": "Value and Challenges: Nucleic Acid Amplification Tests for SARS-CoV-2 in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Meng, Yifan", "Guo, Ensong", "Liu, Jia", "Huang, Xiaoyuan", "Sun, Chaoyang", "Wu, Peng", "Chen, Gang"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360885", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513064, "title": "The Pandemic Effect: Raising the Bar for Ethics, Empathy, and Professional Collegiality.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Holt, G Richard"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513064", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The widespread, tragic loss of life and the dedication of health care professionals have characterized the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic. While we mourn the loss of so many Americans to this novel virus, we also much acknowledge the positive effects to our profession, which are not insignificant. We have witnessed our larger community of otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeons pulling together in a manner not heretofore observed by this author. From the local level of practitioners to our national societies, there has been an amazing effort of collegial unity to develop the most clinically relevant guidelines for providing patient care with maximal safety, in the face of little scientific knowledge or experience with this virus. In addition, we as a specialty and individual otolaryngologists have, through our shared experiences, raised the bar for empathy, ethics, and professional interaction during these difficult times. We must reflect upon our professional growth and capture this renewal of altruism that lives at the heart of our calling."}, {"pmid": 32332294, "pmcid": "PMC7188051", "title": "One Size Does Not Fit All: How to Rapidly Deploy Intubation Practice Changes in a Pediatric Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Brown, Sarah", "Verma, Shilpa", "Lean, Alexa", "Patrao, Fiona"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332294", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527732, "title": "Ethnicity and covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Patel, Parth", "Hiam, Lucinda", "Sowemimo, Annabel", "Devakumar, Delan", "McKee, Martin"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527732", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32175637, "pmcid": "PMC7228265", "title": "Clinical features of deaths in the novel coronavirus epidemic in China.", "journal": "Rev Med Virol", "authors": ["Leung, Char"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32175637", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the recent novel coronavirus outbreak originating in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, observations concerning novel coronavirus mortality are of urgent public health importance. The present work presents the first review of the fatal novel coronavirus cases in China. Clinical data of fatal cases published by the Chinese Government were studied. As of 2 February 2020, the clinical data of 46 fatal cases were identified. The case fatality rate was significantly higher in Hubei province than the rest of China. While 67% of all deceased patients were male, gender was unlikely to be associated with mortality. Diabetes was likely to be associated with mortality. There is, however, not yet sufficient evidence to support the association between hypertension and mortality as similar prevalence of hypertension was also observed in the Hubei population."}, {"pmid": 32525367, "title": "Prolonged grief related to COVID-19 deaths: Do we have to fear a steep rise in traumatic and disenfranchised griefs?", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Kokou-Kpolou, Cyrille Kossigan", "Fernandez-Alcantara, Manuel", "Cenat, Jude Mary"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525367", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The circumstances of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-related deaths embed multiple traumatic characteristics, alongside several external factors that can disenfranchise individual grief. In this context, severe forms of traumatic distress, guilt, somatization, regret, anger, and unspecific symptoms not yet included in prolonged grief disorder (PGD) criteria could emerge. This article (a) analyzes factors related to bereavement in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; (b) proposes avenues for meaning-making practices to facilitate individual and collective mourning process; and (c) invites clinicians to pay attention to the traumatic characteristics of COVID-19-related deaths adopting a holistic approach of PGD clinical manifestations, as well as in evaluation and treatment of cases. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32222804, "pmcid": "PMC7103099", "title": "Arthralgia as an initial presentation of COVID-19: observation.", "journal": "Rheumatol Int", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222804", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32230995, "pmcid": "PMC7177222", "title": "Quarantine Vehicle Scheduling for Transferring High-Risk Individuals in Epidemic Areas.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Zhang, Min-Xia", "Yan, Hong-Fan", "Wu, Jia-Yu", "Zheng, Yu-Jun"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32230995", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a large-scale epidemic outbreak, there can be many high-risk individuals to be transferred for medical isolation in epidemic areas. Typically, the individuals are scattered across different locations, and available quarantine vehicles are limited. Therefore, it is challenging to efficiently schedule the vehicles to transfer the individuals to isolated regions to control the spread of the epidemic. In this paper, we formulate such a quarantine vehicle scheduling problem for high-risk individual transfer, which is more difficult than most well-known vehicle routing problems. To efficiently solve this problem, we propose a hybrid algorithm based on the water wave optimization (WWO) metaheuristic and neighborhood search. The metaheuristic uses a small population to rapidly explore the solution space, and the neighborhood search uses a gradual strategy to improve the solution accuracy. Computational results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms several existing algorithms and obtains high-quality solutions on real-world problem instances for high-risk individual transfer in Hangzhou, China, during the peak period of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32438820, "title": "Teleconsultation and Diabetes Care Amid COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Scopes and Challenges.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Banerjee, Mainak", "Chakraborty, Soumen", "Pal, Rimesh"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438820", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242116, "title": "African nations missing from coronavirus trials.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Roussi, Antoaneta", "Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242116", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311451, "pmcid": "PMC7165079", "title": "Specific ACE2 expression in small intestinal enterocytes may cause gastrointestinal symptoms and injury after 2019-nCoV infection.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Hui", "Li, Hong-Bao", "Lyu, Jian-Rui", "Lei, Xiao-Ming", "Li, Wei", "Wu, Gang", "Lyu, Jun", "Dai, Zhi-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311451", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China and rapidly spread in other countries in December 2019. The infected patients presented with fever, respiratory symptoms, sometimes with digestive and other systemic manifestations, and some progressed with a severe acute respiratory syndrome or even death. Associated digestive symptoms were frequently observed in the patients, with an unknown significance and mechanism. ACE2, as the major known functional receptor of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) attracted our attention. We collected the clinical data of the 2019-nCoV-infected patients from published studies and extracted the data about the incidence of gastrointestinal symptoms. Furthermore, we used online datasets to analyze ACE2 expression in different human organs, especially in the small intestine, to explore the relationship between ACE2 expression patterns and clinical symptoms. We found that diarrhea accounted for a notable proportion of COVID-19 patients, ranging from 8.0% to 12.9%. The results reveal that ACE2 mRNA and protein are highly expressed in the small intestinal enterocytes but not in the goblet cells or intestinal immune cells. High expression of ACE2 on the surface cells in the digestive tract may lead to gastrointestinal symptoms and inflammation susceptibility. Overall, digestive symptoms were common in the COVID-19 patients. ACE2 expression on surface cells of the small intestine may mediate the invasion and amplification of the virus and activation of gastrointestinal inflammation. It is a possible mechanism of digestive symptoms in the COVID-19 patients and explains the presence of the virus in patients' stool samples. The study also highlights the necessity of taking stool samples for suspected patients to help in early diagnosis and assessment of disease status."}, {"pmid": 32368928, "title": "Can Chest CT Features Distinguish Patients With Negative From Those With Positive Initial RT-PCR Results for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)?", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Chen, Dandan", "Jiang, Xinqing", "Hong, Yong", "Wen, Zhihui", "Wei, Shuquan", "Peng, Guangming", "Wei, Xinhua"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368928", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to explore the value of CT in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia, especially for patients who have negative initial results of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia from January 19, 2020, to February 20, 2020, were included. All patients underwent chest CT and swab RT-PCR tests within 3 days. Patients were divided into groups with negative (seven patients) and positive (14 patients) initial RT-PCR results. The imaging findings in both groups were recorded and compared. RESULTS. Twenty-one patients with symptoms (nine men, 12 women; age range, 26-90 years) were evaluated. Most of the COVID-19 lesions were located in multiple lobes (67%) in both lungs (72%) in our study. The main CT features were ground-glass opacity (95%) and consolidation (72%) with a subpleural distribution (100%). Otherwise, 33% of patients had other lesions around the bronchovascular bundle. The other CT features included air bronchogram (57%), vascular enlargement (67%), interlobular septal thickening (62%), and pleural effusions (19%). Compared with that in the group with positive initial RT-PCR results, CT of the group with negative initial RT-PCR results was less likely to show pulmonary consolidation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION. The less pulmonary consolidation found at CT, the greater is the possibility of negative initial RT-PCR results. Chest CT is important in the screening of patients in whom disease is clinically suspected, especially those who have negative initial RT-PCR results."}, {"pmid": 32495231, "pmcid": "PMC7268183", "title": "COVID-19 and kidney transplantation: an Italian Survey and Consensus.", "journal": "J Nephrol", "authors": ["Vistoli, Fabio", "Furian, Lucrezia", "Maggiore, Umberto", "Caldara, Rossana", "Cantaluppi, Vincenzo", "Ferraresso, Mariano", "Zaza, Gianluigi", "Cardillo, Massimo", "Biancofiore, Giandomenico", "Menichetti, Francesco", "Russo, Alessandro", "Turillazzi, Emanuela", "Di Paolo, Marco", "Grandaliano, Giuseppe", "Boggi, Ugo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495231", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy was the first Western country to face the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we report the results of a national\u00a0survey on kidney transplantation activity in February and March 2020, and the results of a three-round Delphi consensus promoted by four scientific societies: the Italian Society of Organ Transplantation, the Italian Society of Nephrology, the Italian Society of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, and the Italian Group on Antimicrobial Stewardship. All 41 Italian transplant centers were invited to express their opinion in the Delphi rounds along with a group of seven experts. The survey revealed that, starting from March 2020, there was a decline in kidney transplantation activity in Italy, especially for living-related transplants. Overall, 60 recipients tested positive for SARS-CoV2 infection, 57 required hospitalization, 17\u00a0were admitted to the ICU, and 11 died. The online consensus had high response rates at each round (95.8%, 95.8%, and 89.5%, respectively). Eventually, 27 of 31 proposed statements were approved (87.1%), 12 at the first or second round (38.7%), and 3 at the third (9.7%). Based on the Italian experience, we discuss the reasons for the changes in kidney transplantation activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Western countries. We also provide working recommendations for the organization and management of kidney transplantation under these conditions."}, {"pmid": 32452979, "pmcid": "PMC7268863", "title": "Pediatric Crohn's Disease and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and COVID-19 Treated with Infliximab.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Dolinger, Michael T", "Person, Hannibal", "Smith, Rachel", "Jarchin, Lauren", "Pittman, Nanci", "Dubinsky, Marla C", "Lai, Joanne"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452979", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may lead to a severe inflammatory response referred to as a cytokine storm. We describe a case of severe COVID-19 infection in a recently diagnosed pediatric Crohn's disease patient successfully treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1) blockade. The patient presented with five days of fever, an erythematous maculopapular facial rash, and abdominal pain without respiratory symptoms. SARS-CoV-2 PCR was positive. Despite inpatient treatment for COVID-19 and a perianal abscess, the patient acutely decompensated, with worsening fever, tachycardia, fluid-refractory hypotension, elevation of liver enzymes, and transformation of the rash into purpura extending from the face to the trunk, upper and lower extremities, including the palmar and plantar surfaces of the hands and feet. Cytokine profile revealed rising levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and TNF-\u03b1, higher than those described in either inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or severe COVID-19 alone. The patient was treated with infliximab for TNF-\u03b1 blockade to address both moderately to severely active Crohn's disease and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) temporally related to COVID-19. Within hours of infliximab treatment, fever, tachycardia and hypotension resolved. Cytokine profile improved with normalization of TNF-\u03b1, a decrease in IL-6, and IL-8 concentrations. This case supports a role for blockade of TNF-\u03b1 in the treatment of COVID-19 inflammatory cascade. The role of anti-TNF agents in patients with MIS-C temporally related to COVID-19 requires further investigation."}, {"pmid": 32297078, "pmcid": "PMC7158752", "title": "Internal Hernia in the Times of COVID-19: to Laparoscope or Not to Laparoscope?", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Singhal, Rishi"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297078", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510106, "title": "Clinical Presentation of COVID19 in Dementia Patients.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Bianchetti, A", "Rozzini, R", "Guerini, F", "Boffelli, S", "Ranieri, P", "Minelli, G", "Bianchetti, L", "Trabucchi, M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510106", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No studies analyzing the role of dementia as a risk factor for mortality in patients affected by COVID-19. We assessed the prevalence, clinical presentation and outcomes of dementia among subjects hospitalized for COVID19 infection. Retrospective study. COVID wards in Acute Hospital in Brescia province, Northern Italy. We used data from 627 subjects admitted to Acute Medical wards with COVID 19 pneumonia. Clinical records of each patients admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of COVID19 infection were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnosis of dementia, modalities of onset of the COVID-19 infection, symptoms of presentation at the hospital and outcomes were recorded. Dementia was diagnosed in 82 patients (13.1%). The mortality rate was 62.2% (51/82) among patients affected by dementia compared to 26.2% (143/545) in subjects without dementia (p<0.001, Chi-Squared test). In a logistic regression model age, and the diagnosis of dementia resulted independently associated with a higher mortality, and patients diagnosed with dementia presented an OR of 1.84 (95% CI: 1.09-3.13, p<0.05). Among patients diagnosed with dementia the most frequent symptoms of onset were delirium, especially in the hypoactive form, and worsening of the functional status. The diagnosis of dementia, especially in the most advanced stages, represents an important risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 in subjects with dementia is atypical, reducing early recognition of symptoms and hospitalization."}, {"pmid": 32491034, "title": "Domestic violence in the COVID-19 pandemic: a forensic psychiatric perspective.", "journal": "Braz J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Telles, Lisieux E de Borba", "Valenca, Alexandre M", "Barros, Alcina J S", "da Silva, Antonio Geraldo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491034", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365353, "title": "Rapid reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 using a synthetic genomics platform.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Thao, Tran Thi Nhu", "Labroussaa, Fabien", "Ebert, Nadine", "V'kovski, Philip", "Stalder, Hanspeter", "Portmann, Jasmine", "Kelly, Jenna", "Steiner, Silvio", "Holwerda, Melle", "Kratzel, Annika", "Gultom, Mitra", "Schmied, Kimberly", "Laloli, Laura", "Husser, Linda", "Wider, Manon", "Pfaender, Stephanie", "Hirt, Dagny", "Cippa, Valentina", "Crespo-Pomar, Silvia", "Schroder, Simon", "Muth, Doreen", "Niemeyer, Daniela", "Corman, Victor", "Muller, Marcel A", "Drosten, Christian", "Dijkman, Ronald", "Jores, Joerg", "Thiel, Volker"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365353", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reverse genetics has been an indispensable tool revolutionising insights into viral pathogenesis and vaccine development. Large RNA virus genomes, such as from Coronaviruses, are cumbersome to clone and manipulate in E. coli due to size and occasional instability1-3. Therefore, an alternative rapid and robust reverse genetics platform for RNA viruses would benefit the research community. Here we show the full functionality of a yeast-based synthetic genomics platform to genetically reconstruct diverse RNA viruses, including members of the Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae and Paramyxoviridae families. Viral subgenomic fragments were generated using viral isolates, cloned viral DNA, clinical samples, or synthetic DNA, and reassembled in one step in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using transformation associated recombination (TAR) cloning to maintain the genome as a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC). T7-RNA polymerase has been used to generate infectious RNA to rescue viable virus. Based on this platform we have been able to engineer and resurrect chemically-synthetized clones of the recent epidemic SARS-CoV-24 in only a week after receipt of the synthetic DNA fragments. The technical advance we describe here allows a rapidly response to emerging viruses as it enables the generation and functional characterization of evolving RNA virus variants-in real-time-during an outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32474908, "title": "Adaptation to SARS-CoV-2 under stress: Role of distorted information.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Sharov, Konstantin S"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474908", "countries": ["Russian Federation"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the time of global SARS-CoV-2 spread across the earth in February 2020, most of countries faced the problem of massive stress of their healthcare systems. In many cases, the structural stress was a result of incorrect allocation of medical care resources. In turn, this misallocation resulted from fear and apprehensions that superseded thorough calculations. A key role in exacerbating the healthcare sector overburdening was played by misleading information on the virus and disease caused by it. In the current paper, we study the situation in Russian healthcare system and advance recommendations how to avoid further crises. (a) Surveying the medical personnel (231 doctors, 317 nurses and 355 ambulance medical workers of lower levels) in five hospitals and six ambulance centres in Moscow. (b) Content analysis of 3164 accounts in Russian segment of social networks (VKontakte, Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Odnoklassniki); official and unofficial media (TV, informational webpages). We revealed positive-feedback loop that threatened the sustainability of Russian care sector. The main knot was occupied by incorrect/exaggerated media coverage of COVID-19. General public scared by misinformation in media and social networks, started to panic. This negative social background undermined the productivity of a significant part of medical workers who were afraid of COVID-19 patients. The most serious problems of Russian healthcare sector related to COVID-19 pandemic, were informational problems. The exaggerated information on COVID-19 had big negative influence upon Russian society and healthcare system, despite SARS-CoV-2 relatively low epidemiological hazard."}, {"pmid": 32488188, "title": "How scientific conferences will survive the coronavirus shock.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Viglione, Giuliana"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488188", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330224, "pmcid": "PMC7207244", "title": "Ventilator Triage Policies During the COVID-19 Pandemic at U.S. Hospitals Associated With Members of the Association of Bioethics Program Directors.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Matheny Antommaria, Armand H", "Gibb, Tyler S", "McGuire, Amy L", "Wolpe, Paul Root", "Wynia, Matthew K", "Applewhite, Megan K", "Caplan, Arthur", "Diekema, Douglas S", "Hester, D Micah", "Lehmann, Lisa Soleymani", "McLeod-Sordjan, Renee", "Schiff, Tamar", "Tabor, Holly K", "Wieten, Sarah E", "Eberl, Jason T"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330224", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has or threatens to overwhelm health care systems. Many institutions are developing ventilator triage policies. To characterize the development of ventilator triage policies and compare policy content. Survey and mixed-methods content analysis. North American hospitals associated with members of the Association of Bioethics Program Directors. Program directors. Characteristics of institutions and policies, including triage criteria and triage committee membership. Sixty-seven program directors responded (response rate, 91.8%); 36 (53.7%) hospitals did not yet have a policy, and 7 (10.4%) hospitals' policies could not be shared. The 29 institutions providing policies were relatively evenly distributed among the 4 U.S. geographic regions (range, 5 to 9 policies per region). Among the 26 unique policies analyzed, 3 (11.3%) were produced by state health departments. The most frequently cited triage criteria were benefit (25 policies [96.2%]), need (14 [53.8%]), age (13 [50.0%]), conservation of resources (10 [38.5%]), and lottery (9 [34.6%]). Twenty-one (80.8%) policies use scoring systems, and 20 of these (95.2%) use a version of the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. Among the policies that specify the triage team's composition (23 [88.5%]), all require or recommend a physician member, 20 (87.0%) a nurse, 16 (69.6%) an ethicist, 8 (34.8%) a chaplain, and 8 (34.8%) a respiratory therapist. Thirteen (50.0% of all policies) require or recommend those making triage decisions not be involved in direct patient care, but only 2 (7.7%) require that their decisions be blinded to ethically irrelevant considerations. The results may not be generalizable to institutions without academic bioethics programs. Over one half of respondents did not have ventilator triage policies. Policies have substantial heterogeneity, and many omit guidance on fair implementation."}, {"pmid": 32376511, "pmcid": "PMC7196548", "title": "COVID-19: Initial experience of hand surgeons in Northern Italy.", "journal": "Hand Surg Rehabil", "authors": ["Facchin, F", "Messana, F", "Sonda, R", "Faccio, D", "Tiengo, C", "Bassetto, F"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376511", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324092, "title": "Letter to the Editor: Use of Dental Radiography in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Dent Res", "authors": ["Dave, M", "Coulthard, P", "Patel, N", "Seoudi, N", "Horner, K"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324092", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429099, "title": "Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Coronaviruses and Possible Therapeutic Opportunities for COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Clemente, Valentino", "D'Arcy, Padraig", "Bazzaro, Martina"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429099", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the outbreak of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (CoV)2, the majority of nations are struggling with countermeasures to fight infection, prevent spread and improve patient survival. Considering that the pandemic is a recent event, no large clinical trials have been possible and since coronavirus specific drug are not yet available, there is no strong consensus on how to treat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated viral pneumonia. Coronaviruses code for an important multifunctional enzyme named papain-like protease (PLP), that has many roles in pathogenesis. First, PLP is one of the two viral cysteine proteases, along with 3-chymotripsin-like protease, that is responsible for the production of the replicase proteins required for viral replication. Second, its intrinsic deubiquitinating and deISGylating activities serve to antagonize the host's immune response that would otherwise hinder infection. Both deubiquitinating and deISGylating functions involve the removal of the small regulatory polypeptides, ubiquitin and ISG15, respectively, from target proteins. Ubiquitin modifications can regulate the innate immune response by affecting regulatory proteins, either by altering their stability via the ubiquitin proteasome pathway or by directly regulating their activity. ISG15 is a ubiquitin-like modifier with pleiotropic effects, typically expressed during the host cell immune response. PLP inhibitors have been evaluated during past coronavirus epidemics, and have showed promising results as an antiviral therapy in vitro. In this review, we recapitulate the roles of PLPs in coronavirus infections, report a list of PLP inhibitors and suggest possible therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 treatment, using both clinical and preclinical drugs."}, {"pmid": 32454232, "pmcid": "PMC7245277", "title": "Experience from a Singapore tertiary hospital with restructuring a vascular surgery practice in response to national and institutional policies during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Ng, Jun Jie", "Gan, Tiffany R X", "Niam, Jen Yong", "Menon, Raj K", "Ho, Pei", "Dharmaraj, Rajesh B", "Wong, Julian C L", "Choong, Andrew M T L"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454232", "countries": ["Singapore", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Singapore was one of the first countries to be affected by COVID-19, with the index patient diagnosed on 23 January 2020. For two weeks in February, we had the highest number of COVID-19 cases behind China. In this article, we summarize the key national and institutional policies that were implemented in response to COVID-19. We also describe in detail, with relevant data, how our vascular surgery practice has changed due to these policies and COVID-19. We show that with a segregated team model, the vascular surgery unit can still function whilst reducing risk of cross-contamination. We explain the various strategies adopted to reduce outpatient and inpatient volume. We provide a detailed breakdown of the type of vascular surgical cases that were performed during the COVID-19 pandemic and compared it to preceding months. We discuss our operating room and personal protective equipment protocols when managing a COVID-19 patient and share how we continue surgical training amidst the pandemic. We also discuss the challenges we might face in the future as COVID-19 regresses."}, {"pmid": 32321003, "title": "Use of facemasks to limit COVID-19 transmission.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Garcia, Leila Posenato"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321003", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342019, "pmcid": "PMC7184978", "title": "Exercise against SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): Does workout intensity matter? (A mini review of some indirect evidence related to obesity).", "journal": "Obes Med", "authors": ["Rahmati-Ahmadabad, Saleh", "Hosseini, Fahimeh"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342019", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a new virus causing respiratory illness outbreak. Nowadays, COVID-19 has spread to several countries around the world and is presently a major global concern. It appears that no certain effective pharmaceutical agent is currently available for it. It seems that obesity is one of the biggest risk factors related to COVID-19 hospitalization and critical illness. The strengthening of the body systems by non-drug ways is very important especially in obese people. On the basis of some indirect evidence, it seems that moderate physical activity can be recommended as a non-pharmacological, inexpensive, and viable way to cope with corona. On the other hand, recommending higher intensity exercise needs further consideration to make final decision in this regard."}, {"pmid": 32312738, "title": "Contraception in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Glob Health Sci Pract", "authors": ["Nanda, Kavita", "Lebetkin, Elena", "Steiner, Markus J", "Yacobson, Irina", "Dorflinger, Laneta J"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312738", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478970, "title": "How Can I Take Care Of You? The Dermatologist Meets Patients' Needs During The Covid19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Radi, G", "Simonetti, O", "Diotallevi, F", "Campanati, A", "Brisigotti, V", "Molinelli, E", "Offidani, A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478970", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379037, "title": "Hospital Medicine Management in the Time of COVID-19: Preparing for a Sprint and a Marathon.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Garg, Megha", "Wray, Charlie M"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379037", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301964, "pmcid": "PMC7184465", "title": "The characteristics of household transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Wei", "Zhang, Bo", "Lu, Jianhua", "Liu, Shihua", "Chang, Zhiqiang", "Cao, Peng", "Liu, Xinhua", "Zhang, Peng", "Ling, Yan", "Tao, Kaixiong", "Chen, Jianying"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301964", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 virus has extended to most parts of China with more than 80 thousand cases and to at least 100 countries with more than 60 thousand international cases by March 15, 2020. Here we applied household cohort study to determine the features of household transmission of COVID-19. Total 105 index patients and 392 household contacts were enrolled. Both index patients and household members were inspected by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR. The information of all recruited people was extracted from medical records and confirmed or supplemented by telephone interviews. The baseline characteristics of index cases and contact patients were described. Secondary attack rates of SARS-CoV-2 to the contact members were computed and the risk factors for transmission within household were estimated. Secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 developed in 64 of 392 household contacts (16.3%). The secondary attack rate to children was 4% comparing with 17.1% to adults. The secondary attack rate to the contacts within the households with index patients quarantined by themselves since onset of symptoms was 0% comparing with 16.9% to the contacts without index patients quarantined. The secondary attack rate to contacts who were spouses of index cases was 27.8% comparing with 17.3% to other adult members in the households. The secondary attack rate of SARS-CoV-2 in household is 16.3%. Ages of household contacts and spouse relationship with index case are risk factors for transmission of SARS-CoV-2 within household. Quarantine of index patients at home since onset of symptom is useful to prevent the transmission of SARS-Co-2 within household."}, {"pmid": 32498131, "title": "Pandemic Best Regulatory Practices: An Urgent Need in the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Lumpkin, Murray M", "Lim, John Cw"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498131", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As large numbers of candidate drugs and vaccines for potential use in the Covid-19 pandemic are investigated, medicines regulators globally must now make urgent, informed, contextually risk-based decisions regarding clinical trials and marketing authorizations. They must do this with the flexibility demanded by the pandemic while maintaining their core risk assessment and public safety functions. We lay out the critical role of regulators in the current crisis and offer eight \"pandemic best regulatory practices.\""}, {"pmid": 32335171, "pmcid": "PMC7177072", "title": "Clinical and epidemiological features of COVID-19 family clusters in Beijing, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Song, Rui", "Han, Bing", "Song, Meihua", "Wang, Lin", "Conlon, Christopher P", "Dong, Tao", "Tian, Di", "Zhang, Wei", "Chen, Zhihai", "Zhang, Fujie", "Shi, Mang", "Li, Xingwang"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335171", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its discovery, SARS-CoV-2 has been spread throughout China before becoming a global pandemic. In Beijing, family clusters are the main mode of human-human transmission accounting for 57.6% of the total confirmed cases. We present the epidemiological and clinical features of the clusters of three large and one small families. Our results revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted quickly through contact with index case, and a total of 22/24 infections were observed. Among those infected, 20/22 had mild symptoms and only two had moderate to severe clinical manifestations. Children in the families generally showed milder symptoms. The incubation period varied from 2 to 13 days, and the shedding of virus from the upper respiratory tract lasted from 5 to over 30 days. A prolonged period of virus shedding (>30 days) in upper respiratory tract was observed in 6/24 cases. SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted quickly in the form of family clusters. While the infection rate is high within the cluster, the disease manifestations, latent period, and virus shedding period varied greatly. We therefore recommend rigorously testing contacts even during the no-symptom phase and consider whether viral shedding has ceased before stopping isolation measures for an individual."}, {"pmid": 32317277, "pmcid": "PMC7234275", "title": "Redesign of a rural emergency department to prepare for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Patey, Christopher", "Asghari, Shabnam", "Norman, Paul", "Hurley, Oliver"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317277", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513651, "title": "Response to: 'Monitoring of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus during the COVID-19 outbreak' by Holubar et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Mathian, Alexis", "Amoura, Zahir"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513651", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456367, "title": "[Working together to overcome coronavirus disease 2019: salute to the burn surgeons and nurses fighting against coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xia, Z F"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456367", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak and spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Chinese government has taken various steps to protect people's health. Medical workers across the country including medical and nursing staffs from burn departments have taken active actions and participated in the battles against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32216130, "pmcid": "PMC7228404", "title": "COVID-19 and economy.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Gupta, Mrinal", "Abdelmaksoud, Ayman", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Sadoughifar, Roxanna", "Goldust, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216130", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448674, "pmcid": "PMC7211755", "title": "Ischaemic stroke and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A causal or incidental association?", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Barrios-Lopez, J M", "Rego-Garcia, I", "Munoz Martinez, C", "Romero-Fabrega, J C", "Rivero Rodriguez, M", "Ruiz Gimenez, J A", "Escamilla-Sevilla, F", "Minguez-Castellanos, A", "Fernandez Perez, M D"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448674", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ischaemic stroke has been reported in patients with COVID-19, particularly in more severe cases. However, it is unclear to what extent this is linked to systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability secondary to the infection. We describe the cases of 4 patients with ischaemic stroke and COVID-19 who were attended at our hospital. Patients are classified according to the likelihood of a causal relationship between the hypercoagulable state and ischaemic stroke. We also conducted a review of studies addressing the possible mechanisms involved in the aetiopathogenesis of ischaemic stroke in these patients. The association between COVID-19 and stroke was probably causal in 2 patients, who presented cortical infarcts and had no relevant arterial or cardioembolic disease, but did show signs of hypercoagulability and systemic inflammation in laboratory analyses. The other 2 patients were of advanced age and presented cardioembolic ischaemic stroke; the association in these patients was probably incidental. Systemic inflammation and the potential direct action of the virus may cause endothelial dysfunction, resulting in a hypercoagulable state that could be considered a potential cause of ischaemic stroke. However, stroke involves multiple pathophysiological mechanisms; studies with larger samples are therefore needed to confirm our hypothesis. The management protocol for patients with stroke and COVID-19 should include a complete aetiological study, with the appropriate safety precautions always being observed."}, {"pmid": 32514473, "pmcid": "PMC7242958", "title": "Meeting the challenges imposed by COVID-19: Guidance document by the ESTRO Radiation TherapisT Committee (RTTC).", "journal": "Tech Innov Patient Support Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Tsang, Yat", "Duffton, Aileen", "Leech, Michelle", "Rossi, Maddalena", "Scherer, Philipp"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514473", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 - a novel coronavirus was firstly reported in December 2019. In response to threats imposed by COVID-19, the European society for radiotherapy and oncology Radiation TherapisT Committee (ESTRO RTTC) prepared this document in conjunction with an infographic with four main domains: patient care, RTT workflow, remote working and RT practice. In the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic, RTTs should be empowered with appropriate guidance and personal protection equipment in order to provide a safe radiotherapy service by limiting potential viral exposure to patients, healthcare workers and general public."}, {"pmid": 32342636, "pmcid": "PMC7267531", "title": "Potential pathogenesis of ageusia and anosmia in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Vaira, Luigi Angelo", "Salzano, Giovanni", "Fois, Alessandro Giuseppe", "Piombino, Pasquale", "De Riu, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342636", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From the first reports, ageusia and anosmia appear to be frequent clinical features in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients. We have performed a survey of the literature, analyzing the possible causes of these chemosensory alterations, which may be useful as a starting point for specific further studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32077441, "pmcid": "PMC7118333", "title": "[Clinical Management of Lung Cancer Patients during the Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xu, Yan", "Liu, Hongsheng", "Hu, Ke", "Wang, Mengzhao"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077441", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since late December 2019, an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China has spread quickly nationwide. With the spread of COVID-19, the routine clinical diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer patients has been disturbed. Due to the systemic immunosuppressive of lung cancer patients caused by the malignancy and anticancer treatments, lung cancer patients are more susceptible to infection than healthy individuals. Furthermore, patients with cancer had poorer prognosis from infection. Lung cancer patients should be the priority group for COVID-19 prevention. The protection provisions and control measures aiming to protect lung cancer patients from COVID-19 have been increasingly concerned. During the COVID-19 outbreak period, it should be carefully differentiated for fever and respiratory symptoms for lung cancer patients receiving anti-tumor treatment, in order to evaluate the risk of COVID-19. Moreover, it is necessary to carry out meticulous and individualized clinical management for lung cancer patients to effectively protect the patients from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32438473, "title": "Prevention and treatment of COVID-19 disease by controlled modulation of innate immunity.", "journal": "Eur J Immunol", "authors": ["Schijns, Virgil", "Lavelle, Ed C"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438473", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), triggered by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses an enormous threat to global public health and economies. Human coronaviruses normally cause no or mild respiratory disease but in the past two decades, potentially fatal coronavirus infections have emerged, causing respiratory tract illnesses such as pneumonia and bronchitis. These include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), followed by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and recently the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus outbreak which emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Currently, most COVID-19 patients receive traditional supportive care including breathing assistance. To halt the ongoing spread of the pandemic SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus and rescue individual patients, established drugs and new therapies are under evaluation. Since it will be some time until a safe and effective vaccine will be available, the immediate priority is to harness innate immunity to accelerate early antiviral immune responses. Secondly since excessive inflammation is a major cause of pathology, targeted anti-inflammatory responses are being evaluated to reduce inflammation-induced damage to the respiratory tract and cytokine storms. Here, we highlight prominent immunotherapies at various stages of development which aim for augmented anti-coronavirus immunity and reduction of pathological inflammation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32504266, "pmcid": "PMC7273121", "title": "Clinical implications of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease and liver tumor.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Gambato, Martina", "Burra, Patrizia"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504266", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32088339, "pmcid": "PMC7130104", "title": "The basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) estimation based on exponential growth in the early outbreak in China from 2019 to 2020: A reply to Dhungana.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Shi", "Lin, Qianying", "Ran, Jinjun", "Musa, Salihu S", "Yang, Guangpu", "Wang, Weiming", "Lou, Yijun", "Gao, Daozhou", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai", "Wang, Maggie H"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088339", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497776, "pmcid": "PMC7263214", "title": "Ethnic disparities in hospitalisation for COVID-19 in England: The role of socioeconomic factors, mental health, and inflammatory and pro-inflammatory factors in a community-based cohort study.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Lassale, Camille", "Gaye, Bamba", "Hamer, Mark", "Gale, Catharine R", "Batty, G David"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497776", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Differentials in COVID-19 hospitalisations and mortality according to ethnicity have been reported but their origin is uncertain. We examined the role of socioeconomic, mental health, and pro-inflammatory factors in a community-based sample. We used data on 340,966 men and women (mean age 56.2\u00a0years) from the UK Biobank study, a prospective cohort study with linkage to hospitalisation for COVID-19. Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between ethnicity and hospitalisation for COVID-19. There were 640 COVID-19 cases (571/324,306 White, 31/4,485 Black, 21/5,732 Asian, 17/5,803 Other). Compared to the White study members and after adjusting for age and sex, Black individuals had over a 4-fold increased risk of COVID-19 infection (odds ratio; 95% confidence interval: 4.32; 3.00-6.23), and there was a doubling of risk in the Asian group (2.12; 1.37, 3.28) and the 'other' non-white group (1.84; 1.13, 2.99). After controlling for potential explanatory factors which included neighbourhood deprivation, household crowding, smoking, body size, inflammation, glycated haemoglobin, and mental illness, these effect estimates were attenuated by 33% for Blacks, 52% for Asians and 43% for Other, but remained raised for Blacks (2.66; 1.82, 3.91), Asian (1.43; 0.91, 2.26) and other non-white groups (1.41; 0.87, 2.31). There were clear ethnic differences in risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation and these do not appear to be fully explained by measured factors. If replicated, our results have implications for health policy, including the targeting of prevention advice and vaccination coverage."}, {"pmid": 32360420, "pmcid": "PMC7182527", "title": "Cytokine storm intervention in the early stages of COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Sun, Xinjuan", "Wang, Tianyuan", "Cai, Dayong", "Hu, Zhiwei", "Chen, Jin'an", "Liao, Hui", "Zhi, Liming", "Wei, Hongxia", "Zhang, Zhihong", "Qiu, Yuying", "Wang, Jing", "Wang, Aiping"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360420", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical intervention in patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has demonstrated a strong upregulation of cytokine production in patients who are critically ill with SARS-CoV2-induced pneumonia. In a retrospective study of 41 patients with COVID-19, most patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection developed mild symptoms, whereas some patients later developed aggravated disease symptoms, and eventually passed away because of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), as a consequence of a severe cytokine storm. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infected pneumonia were first published January 30th, 2020; these guidelines recommended for the first time that cytokine monitoring should be applied in severely ill patients to reduce pneumonia related mortality. The cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 illness is also an important component of mortality in other viral diseases, including SARS, MERS and influenza. In view of the severe morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 pneumonia, we review the current understanding of treatment of human coronavirus infections from the perspective of a dysregulated cytokine and immune response."}, {"pmid": 32349982, "title": "Systemic sclerosis and the COVID-19 pandemic: World Scleroderma Foundation preliminary advice for patient management.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Matucci-Cerinic, Marco", "Bruni, Cosimo", "Allanore, Yannick", "Clementi, Massimo", "Dagna, Lorenzo", "Damjanov, Nemanja S", "de Paulis, Amato", "Denton, Christopher P", "Distler, Oliver", "Fox, David", "Furst, Daniel E", "Khanna, Dinesh", "Krieg, Thomas", "Kuwana, Masataka", "Lee, Eun Bong", "Li, Mengtao", "Pillai, Shiv", "Wang, Yukai", "Zeng, Xiaofeng", "Taliani, Gloria"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349982", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the frequent presence of interstitial lung disease and widespread use of immunosuppressive treatment, systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients may be considered at risk for a more severe disease course and higher mortality when they develop Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infection. Therefore, with World Scleroderma Foundation endorsement, experts from different specialties including rheumatology, virology and clinical immunology gathered virtually to answer to the main practical clinical questions regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection coming from both patients and physicians. This preliminary advice is aligned with other national and international recommendations, adapted for SSc patients."}, {"pmid": 32437917, "pmcid": "PMC7211587", "title": "Thinking Beyond the Box: Preparing for the End of COVID-19 Outbreak in a Vascular Surgery Department.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Precup, Calin Gheorghe", "Bordet, Marine", "Lermusiaux, Patrick", "Millon, Antoine", "Della Schiava, Nellie"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437917", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317810, "pmcid": "PMC7169643", "title": "Understanding SARS-CoV-2: Genetic Diversity, Transmission and Cure in Human.", "journal": "Indian J Microbiol", "authors": ["Bajaj, Abhay", "Purohit, Hemant J"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317810", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the SARS-CoV-2 virus race around the world across the different population, there needs to be a consolidated effort to understand the divergence of demographically distributed strains. The emerging trends in SARS-CoV-2 genome data show specific mutation and genetic diversity, which could provide the basis to develop a cocktail of vaccine and may also be used to develop the region-specific diagnostic tool, thus decreasing the chances of testing failures in fields. Since the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is subject to the extent of human interaction, the insights from the correlation of genetic diversity with epidemiological parameter would give paramount information to tackle this transmission. Previously, studies have also correlated the epidemiological data with gut microbiome and its role in immunomodulation for maintaining health status, and such information could be generated from recovered individuals from different demographic regions. It will help in designing a probiotic-based diet for modulation of the gut microbiome, and that could be another plausible prophylactic treatment option. The genomics data suggest that a specific variant of SARS-CoV-2 gets enriched with the specific demographic region. Overall, demographic data suggests that host influences mutation and expression of the virus. Hence, the experiences from the clinical intervention for that region should be considered in control and treatment strategies."}, {"pmid": 32463545, "title": "Obesity and COVID-19: an Italian snapshot.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Busetto, Luca", "Bettini, Silvia", "Fabris, Roberto", "Serra, Roberto", "Dal Pra', Chiara", "Maffei, Pietro", "Rossato, Marco", "Fioretto, Paola", "Vettor, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463545", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical manifestations of COVID-19 run from asymptomatic disease to severe acute respiratory syndrome. Older age and comorbidities are associated to more severe disease. A role of obesity is suspected. We enrolled patients hospitalized in the medical COVID-19 ward with SARS-CoV-2 related pneumonia. Primary outcome of the study was to assess the relationship between the severity of COVID-19 and obesity classes according to BMI. 92 patients (61.9% males; age 70.5\u00b113.3 years) were enrolled. Patients with overweight and obesity were younger than normal-weight patients (68.0\u00b112.6 and 67.0\u00b112.6 years vs. 76.1\u00b113.0 years, p<0.01). A higher need for assisted ventilation beyond pure oxygen support (Invasive Mechanical Ventilation or Non-Invasive Ventilation) and a higher admission to intensive or semi-intensive care units was observed in patients with overweight and obesity (p<0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively) even after adjusting for sex, age and comorbidities (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively), or when patients with dementia or advanced cancer were removed from the analysis (p<0.05). Patients with overweight and obesity admitted in a medical ward for SARS-CoV-2 related pneumonia, despite their younger age, required more frequently assisted ventilation and access to intensive or semi-intensive care units than normal weight patients."}, {"pmid": 32312734, "title": "Covid-19: Experts question guidance to reuse PPE.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312734", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379379, "pmcid": "PMC7267328", "title": "Treatment of nasal bridge ulceration related to protective measures for the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Int Wound J", "authors": ["Sernicola, Alvise", "Chello, Camilla", "Cerbelli, Edoardo", "Adebanjo, Ganiyat Adenike Ralitsa", "Parisella, Francesca Romana", "Pezzuto, Aldo", "Luzi, Fabiola", "De Marco, Gabriella", "Rello, Jordi", "Tammaro, Antonella"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379379", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32156675, "title": "Covid-19: Portugal closes all medical schools after 31 cases confirmed in the country.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156675", "countries": ["Portugal"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440942, "pmcid": "PMC7241585", "title": "Special Issue on the COVID-19 Pandemic and Psycholinguistic Research: A Call for Papers.", "journal": "J Psycholinguist Res", "authors": ["Javier, Rafael Art", "Lamela, Marko", "Faber, Aubrey", "Amrami, Yosef"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440942", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327922, "pmcid": "PMC7163231", "title": "The 4 D's of Pellagra and Progress.", "journal": "Int J Tryptophan Res", "authors": ["Williams, Adrian C", "Hill, Lisa J"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327922", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nicotinamide homeostasis is a candidate common denominator to explain smooth transitions, whether demographic, epidemiological or economic. This 'NAD world', dependent on hydrogen-based energy, is not widely recognised as it is neither measured nor viewed from a sufficiently multi-genomic or historical perspective. Reviewing the importance of meat and nicotinamide balances during our co-evolution, recent history suggests that populations only modernise and age well with low fertility on a suitably balanced diet. Imbalances on the low meat side lead to an excess of infectious disease, short lives and boom-bust demographics. On the high side, meat has led to an excess of degenerative, allergic and metabolic disease and low fertility. A 'Goldilocks' diet derived from mixed and sustainable farming (preserving the topsoil) allows for high intellectual capital, height and good health with controlled population growth resulting in economic growth and prosperity. Implementing meat equity worldwide could lead to progress for future generations on 'spaceship' earth by establishing control over population quality, thermostat and biodiversity, if it is not already too late."}, {"pmid": 32462501, "title": "The Allplex 2019-nCoV (Seegene) assay: which performances are for SARS-CoV-2 infection diagnosis?", "journal": "Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Farfour, Eric", "Lesprit, Philippe", "Visseaux, Benoit", "Pascreau, Tiffany", "Jolly, Emilie", "Houhou, Nadira", "Mazaux, Laurence", "Asso-Bonnet, Marianne", "Vasse, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462501", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several commercial assays for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR are available but few of them were assessed. We evaluate the Allplex 2019-nCoV (Seegene) assay using 41 nasopharyngeal samples. The rates of agreement were 92.7% and 100% with the GeneFinder COVID-19 plus (Elitech) and the diagnosis of the infectious disease specialist respectively. Four samples display a Ct < 22.0 for the E and RdRp genes while the N gene was not detected, suggesting a variability of the viral sequence. There was no cross-reactivity with other respiratory viruses. The Allplex 2019-nCoV appears as a reliable method, but additional evaluations using more samples are needed. RT-PCR assays should probably include at least 2 viral targets."}, {"pmid": 32186172, "title": "[Thoughts and practice on the treatment of severe and critical new coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, H C", "Ma, J", "Zhang, H", "Cheng, Y", "Wang, X", "Hu, Z W", "Li, N", "Deng, X R", "Zhang, Y", "Zheng, X Z", "Yang, F", "Weng, H Y", "Dong, J P", "Liu, J W", "Wang, Y Y", "Liu, X M"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32186172", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe and critical coronavirus pneumonia 2019 (COVID-19) often occurs in elder patients with multiple comorbidities, and severe hypoxemia events constitute a key factor for the deterioration of some cases. The critical type of COVID-19 could progress into acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ dysfunction, which are the major causes of death. Early non-invasive ventilation (NIV) treatment of possible pathophysiological abnormalities is helpful to improve prognosis. Close monitoring of oxygenation, reducing patients' oxygen consumption, active psychological intervention, and rapid handling of severe hypoxemia events are the key factors for successful NIV treatment. In addition, active adjuvant therapies such as correcting coagulation dysfunction, providing proper nutritional support, accurate volume control, and safe individualized blood glucose monitoring are of great significance."}, {"pmid": 32521167, "title": "Pulse Oximetry for Monitoring Patients with COVID-19 at Home: Potential Pitfalls and Practical Guidance.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Luks, Andrew M", "Swenson, Erik R"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521167", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, reports in social media and the lay press indicate that a subset of patients are presenting with severe hypoxemia in the absence of dyspnea, a problem unofficially referred to as \"silent hypoxemia.\" To decrease the risk of complications in such patients, one proposed solution has been to have those diagnosed with COVID-19 but not sick enough to warrant admission monitor their arterial oxygenation by pulse oximetry at home and present for care when they show evidence of hypoxemia. While the ease of use and low cost of pulse oximetry makes this an attractive option for identifying problems at an early stage, there are important considerations with pulse oximetry about which patients and providers may not be aware that can interfere with successful implementation of such monitoring programs. Only a few independent studies have examined the performance of pocket oximeters and smart phone-based systems but the limited available data raise questions about their accuracy, particularly as saturation falls below 90%. There are also multiple sources of error in pulse oximetry that must be accounted for including rapid fluctuations in measurements when the PaO2 falls on the steep portion of the dissociation curve, data acquisition problems when pulsatile blood flow is diminished, accuracy in the setting of severe hypoxemia, dyshemoglobinemias and other problems. Recognition of these issues and careful counseling of patients about the proper means for measuring their oxygen saturation and when to seek assistance can help ensure successful implementation of needed monitoring programs."}, {"pmid": 32478882, "title": "The great pandemic of 2020: A defining moment for Heart Rhythm Societies and their members.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Lemery, Robert"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478882", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302998, "pmcid": "PMC7164328", "title": "Editorial. Task shifting and task sharing for neurosurgeons amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Robertson, Faith C", "Lippa, Laura", "Broekman, Marike L D"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302998", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32061313, "pmcid": "PMC7138015", "title": "COVID-19: what is next for public health?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Heymann, David L", "Shindo, Nahoko"], "date": "2020-02-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32061313", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419708, "pmcid": "PMC7225720", "title": "section signrefers to: Camdessanche JP, Morel J,Pozzetto B, Paul S. COVID-19 may induce Guillain-Barre syndrome.COVID-19 and Guillain-Barre syndrome : response section sign.", "journal": "Rev Neurol (Paris)", "authors": ["Camdessanche, Jean-Philippe", "Morel, Jerome", "Pozzetto, Bruno", "Paul, Stephane", "Tholance, Yannick", "Botelho-Nevers, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419708", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469114, "pmcid": "PMC7267104", "title": "An update on ACE2 amplification and its therapeutic potential.", "journal": "Acta Physiol (Oxf)", "authors": ["Marquez, Alonso", "Wysocki, Jan", "Pandit, Jay", "Batlle, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469114", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The renin angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of variety of diseases. Targeting the formation and action of angiotensin II (Ang II), the main RAS peptide, has been the key therapeutic target for last three decades. ACE-related carboxypeptidase (ACE2), a monocarboxypeptidase that had been discovered 20 years ago, is one of the catalytically most potent enzymes known to degrade Ang II to Ang-(1-7), a peptide that is increasingly accepted to have organ -protective properties that oppose and counterbalance those of Ang II. In addition to its role as a RAS enzyme ACE2 is the main receptor for SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we discuss various strategies that have been used to achieve amplification of ACE2 activity including the potential therapeutic potential of soluble recombinant ACE2 protein and novel shorter ACE2 variants."}, {"pmid": 32395009, "pmcid": "PMC7212729", "title": "COVID-19 and medical professionals: lessons for agriculture.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Wolf, Steven A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395009", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283134, "pmcid": "PMC7151539", "title": "Management of patients with autoimmune liver disease during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Lleo, Ana", "Invernizzi, Pietro", "Lohse, Ansgar W", "Aghemo, Alessio", "Carbone, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283134", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390132, "title": "[Cerebral venous thrombosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection].", "journal": "Rev Neurol", "authors": ["Dahl-Cruz, F", "Guevara-Dalrymple, N", "Lopez-Hernandez, N"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390132", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32159805, "pmcid": "PMC7107249", "title": "Exogenous melatonin alleviates cadmium uptake and toxicity in apple rootstocks.", "journal": "Tree Physiol", "authors": ["He, Jiali", "Zhuang, Xiaolei", "Zhou, Jiangtao", "Sun, Luyang", "Wan, Huixue", "Li, Huifeng", "Lyu, Deguo"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32159805", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine the potential roles of melatonin in cadmium (Cd) uptake, accumulation and detoxification in Malus plants, we exposed two different apple rootstocks varying greatly in Cd uptake and accumulation to either 0 or 30\u00a0\u03bcM Cd together with 0 or 100\u00a0\u03bcM melatonin. Cadmium stress stimulated endogenous melatonin production to a greater extent in the Cd-tolerant Malus baccata Borkh. than in the Cd-susceptible Malus micromalus 'qingzhoulinqin'. Melatonin application attenuated Cd-induced reductions in growth, photosynthesis and enzyme activity, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde accumulation. Melatonin treatment more effectively restored photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments and biomass in Cd-challenged M. micromalus 'qingzhoulinqin' than in Cd-stressed M. baccata. Exogenous melatonin lowered root Cd2+ uptake, reduced leaf Cd accumulation, decreased Cd translocation factors and increased root, stem and leaf melatonin contents in both Cd-exposed rootstocks. Melatonin application increased both antioxidant concentrations and enzyme activities to scavenge Cd-induced ROS. Exogenous melatonin treatment altered the mRNA levels of several genes regulating Cd uptake, transport and detoxification including HA7, NRAMP1, NRAMP3, HMA4, PCR2, NAS1, MT2, ABCC1 and MHX. Taken together, these results suggest that exogenous melatonin reduced aerial parts Cd accumulation and mitigated Cd toxicity in Malus plants, probably due to the melatonin-mediated Cd allocation in tissues, and induction of antioxidant defense system and transcriptionally regulated key genes involved in detoxification."}, {"pmid": 32217835, "pmcid": "PMC7190990", "title": "Clinical and immunological features of severe and moderate coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Chen, Guang", "Wu, Di", "Guo, Wei", "Cao, Yong", "Huang, Da", "Wang, Hongwu", "Wang, Tao", "Zhang, Xiaoyun", "Chen, Huilong", "Yu, Haijing", "Zhang, Xiaoping", "Zhang, Minxia", "Wu, Shiji", "Song, Jianxin", "Chen, Tao", "Han, Meifang", "Li, Shusheng", "Luo, Xiaoping", "Zhao, Jianping", "Ning, Qin"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217835", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUNDSince December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, and is now becoming a global threat. We aimed to delineate and compare the immunological features of severe and moderate COVID-19.METHODSIn this retrospective study, the clinical and immunological characteristics of 21 patients (17 male and 4 female) with COVID-19 were analyzed. These patients were classified as severe (11 cases) and moderate (10 cases) according to the guidelines released by the National Health Commission of China.RESULTSThe median age of severe and moderate cases was 61.0 and 52.0 years, respectively. Common clinical manifestations included fever, cough, and fatigue. Compared with moderate cases, severe cases more frequently had dyspnea, lymphopenia, and hypoalbuminemia, with higher levels of alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and D-dimer as well as markedly higher levels of IL-2R, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-\u03b1. Absolute numbers of T lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells decreased in nearly all the patients, and were markedly lower in severe cases (294.0, 177.5, and 89.0 \u00d7 106/L, respectively) than moderate cases (640.5, 381.5, and 254.0 \u00d7 106/L, respectively). The expression of IFN-\u03b3 by CD4+ T cells tended to be lower in severe cases (14.1%) than in moderate cases (22.8%).CONCLUSIONThe SARS-CoV-2 infection may affect primarily T lymphocytes, particularly CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, resulting in a decrease in numbers as well as IFN-\u03b3 production by CD4+ T cells. These potential immunological markers may be of importance because of their correlation with disease severity in COVID-19.TRIAL REGISTRATIONThis is a retrospective observational study without a trial registration number.FUNDINGThis work is funded by grants from Tongji Hospital for the Pilot Scheme Project, and partly supported by the Chinese National Thirteenth Five Years Project in Science and Technology for Infectious Disease (2017ZX10202201)."}, {"pmid": 32417445, "pmcid": "PMC7224651", "title": "Asthma prolongs intubation in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Mahdavinia, Mahboobeh", "Foster, Katharine J", "Jauregui, Emilio", "Moore, Donyea", "Adnan, Darbaz", "Andy-Nweye, Aame B", "Khan, Shahab", "Bishehsari, Faraz"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417445", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493740, "title": "Efficacy and safety of antiviral treatment for COVID-19 from evidence in studies of SARSCoV-2 and other acute viral infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Liu, Wei", "Zhou, Pengxiang", "Chen, Ken", "Ye, Zhikang", "Liu, Fang", "Li, Xiaotong", "He, Na", "Wu, Ziyang", "Zhang, Qi", "Gong, Xuepeng", "Tang, Qiyu", "Du, Xin", "Ying, Yingqiu", "Xu, Xiaohan", "Zhang, Yahui", "Liu, Jinyu", "Li, Yun", "Shen, Ning", "Couban, Rachel J", "Ibrahim, Quazi I", "Guyatt, Gordon", "Zhai, Suodi"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493740", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Antiviral medications are being given empirically to some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To support the development of a COVID-19 management guideline, we conducted a systematic review that addressed the benefits and harms of 7 antiviral treatments for COVID-19. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed and 3 Chinese databases (CNKI, WANFANG and SinoMed) through Apr. 19, medRxiv and Chinaxiv through Apr. 27, and Chongqing VIP through Apr. 30, 2020. We included studies of ribavirin, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, umifenovir (arbidol), favipravir, interferon and lopinavir/ritonavir. If direct evidence from COVID-19 studies was not available, we included indirect evidence from studies of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) for efficacy outcomes and other acute respiratory viral infections for safety outcomes. In patients with nonsevere COVID-19 illness, the death rate was extremely low, precluding an important effect on mortality. We found only very low-quality evidence with little or no suggestion of benefit for most treatments and outcomes in both nonsevere and severe COVID-19. An exception was treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir, for which we found low-quality evidence for a decrease in length of stay in the intensive care unit (risk difference 5 d shorter, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0 to 9 d) and hospital stay (risk difference 1 d shorter, 95% CI 0 to 2 d). For safety outcomes, evidence was of low or very low quality, with the exception of treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir for which moderate-quality evidence suggested likely increases in diarrhea, nausea and vomiting. To date, persuasive evidence of important benefit in COVID-19 does not exist for any antiviral treatments, although for each treatment evidence has not excluded important benefit. Additional randomized controlled trials involving patients with COVID-19 will be needed before such treatments can be administered with confidence."}, {"pmid": 32427142, "pmcid": "PMC7227490", "title": "Dietary habits in adults during quarantine in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Obes Med", "authors": ["Abbas, Ahmed M", "Kamel, Mark Mohsen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427142", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022Quarantine leads to stress condition that can change in dietary habits.\u2022Better dietary habits are critical to enhance the body's immune system against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32458502, "title": "Glycyrrhetinic acid and its derivatives as potential alternative medicine to relieve symptoms in nonhospitalized COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ding, Hong", "Deng, Wenjun", "Ding, Lingling", "Ye, Xiaoqun", "Yin, Shanye", "Huang, Weishan"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458502", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious, and infection by this virus results in COVID-19, manifesting predominantly symptoms in the lower respiratory system. Detection of viral genomic materials by RT-PCR is the gold standard for diagnosis. Suspected COVID-19 patients who had a documented history of exposure and exhibited symptoms, but did not have positive PCR test results, were generally self-quarantined with prescriptions aiming to help attenuate their symptoms. These prescriptions are however neither specific nor highly effective for COVID-19 treatment. Given the rapidly growing pandemic and the overwhelmed medical system, the number of self-quarantined patients is increasing. There is an urgent need of alternative medicine to help patients relieve symptoms during self-quarantine, and to potentially help increase their chances of survival and recovery from the infection. We report here a case of severe COVID-19 that never had a positive PCR test result during disease progression but was confirmed with antibody test post recovery. This patient was self-quarantined and received diammonium glycyrrhizinate (DG), a steroid-like molecule, in combination with vitamin C as alternative medicine. This patient went through severe COVID-19 but eventually recovered upon the implementation of this treatment regimen, suggesting potential therapeutic effects of DG as alternative medicine to help relieve COVID-19 symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32234175, "title": "[Expert consensus on principal of clinical management of patients with severe emergent cardiovascular diseases during the epidemic period of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234175", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32158035, "pmcid": "PMC7023952", "title": "Medicine's Challenges: Vaping and Coronavirus.", "journal": "Mo Med", "authors": ["DiRenna, James"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32158035", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434774, "title": "Managing patients with choroidal melanoma in the COVID-19 era: a personal perspective.", "journal": "Br J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Damato, Bertil"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434774", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272191, "pmcid": "PMC7136879", "title": "Commentary: COVID-19 and diabetes.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Villabona, Carmen V"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272191", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391885, "pmcid": "PMC7239192", "title": "SARS-CoV-2, a novel virus with an unusual cardiac feature: inverted takotsubo syndrome.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Solano-Lopez, Jorge", "Sanchez-Recalde, Angel", "Zamorano, Jose Luis"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391885", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486188, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Liver.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Morgan, Katie", "Samuel, Kay", "Vandeputte, Martin", "Hayes, Peter C", "Plevris, John N"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486188", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel strain of coronoviridae (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Wuhan China in December 2019. Initially, infection presented with a broad spectrum of symptoms which typically included muscle aches, fever, dry cough, and shortness of breath. SARS-CoV-2 enters cells via ACE2 receptors which are abundant throughout the respiratory tract. However, there is evidence that these receptors are abundant throughout the body, and just as abundant in cholangiocytes as alveolar cells, posing the question of possible direct liver injury. While liver enzymes and function tests do seem to be deranged in some patients, it is questionable if the injury is due to direct viral damage, drug-induced liver injury, hypoxia, or microthromboses. Likely, the injury is multifactoral, and management of infected patients with pre-existing liver disease should be taken into consideration. Ultimately, a vaccine is needed to aid in reducing cases of SARS-CoV-2 and providing immunity to the general population. However, while considering the types of vaccines available, safety concerns, particularly of RNA- or DNA-based vaccines, need to be addressed."}, {"pmid": 32333850, "pmcid": "PMC7175871", "title": "BEDSIDE TRANSCERVICAL-TRANSTRACHEAL POST-INTUBATION INJURY REPAIR IN A COVID-19 PATIENT.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Bassi, Massimiliano", "Anile, Marco", "Pecoraro, Ylenia", "Ruberto, Franco", "Martelli, Sabina", "Piazzolla, Mario", "Pugliese, Francesco", "Venuta, Federico", "De Giacomo, Tiziano"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333850", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-Co-2 disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide since December 2019. A relevant rate of patients develops an acute respiratory distress syndrome that require hospitalization. Among them, a non-negligible rate (9.8%-15.2%) requires tracheal intubation for invasive ventilation. We report the case of a COVID-19 patient developing pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema secondary to post-intubation tracheal injury. The management of COVID-19 patient can be challenging due to the risk of disease transmission to caregivers and epidemic spread. We performed a bedside tracheal injury surgical repair, after failure of conservative management, with resolution of pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema and improvement of patient's conditions."}, {"pmid": 32491268, "title": "Improvement of physical training by performance enhancing substances.", "journal": "Acta Physiol (Oxf)", "authors": ["Erdogan, Cem"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491268", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently the Covid-19 pandemic forces almost every country to take drastic measures in order to stop the spread of the virus. These include the avoidance of close contact to other humans, staying at home whenever possible and the closure of gyms or sport clubs. Now that people are more or less bound to their home, it is even more important to stay physically active. The occasional walks between sofa and fridge are not enough to keep your body in shape. But why is exercise so important and is there anything one can take to get the most out of every single training session?."}, {"pmid": 32399954, "pmcid": "PMC7214847", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and myocardial injury: a role for Nox2?", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Violi, Francesco", "Pastori, Daniele", "Pignatelli, Pasquale", "Cangemi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399954", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be complicated by myocardial injury but at-risk patients as well as mechanism of disease are unclear. We gathered data regarding troponin levels in the so far reported SARS-CoV-2 patients and found a large variability in terms of troponin levels, patients with more severe disease, as those treated by ICU, presenting with higher percentage of troponin elevation. However, lack of prospective studies hampers adequate analysis of risk factors of myocardial damage. Previous study demonstrated that Nox2 is up-regulated in pneumonia and closely associated with troponin elevation suggesting Nox2 activation as mechanism eliciting myocardial damage; data in SARS-CoV-2 are still lacking. We hypothesize that SARS-Cov-2 may induce myocardial injury via Nox2-related ROS production and that analysis and eventually targeting Nox2 may be a novel approach to manage SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32428901, "title": "Convalescent COVID-19 Patients on Hemodialysis: When Should We End Isolation?", "journal": "Nephron", "authors": ["Murt, Ahmet", "Altiparmak, Mehmet Riza"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428901", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314010, "pmcid": "PMC7167494", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) complicated with pneumonia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs.", "journal": "Rheumatol Int", "authors": ["Song, Jehun", "Kang, Seongmin", "Choi, Seung Won", "Seo, Kwang Won", "Lee, Sunggun", "So, Min Wook", "Lim, Doo-Ho"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314010", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, numerous coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases were reported in Wuhan, China, which has since spread throughout the world. However, its impact on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients is unknown. Herein, we report a case of COVID-19 pneumonia in a 61-year-old female RA patient who was receiving conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs). The patient presented with a 4-day history of myalgia and febrile sensation. COVID-19 was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Chest X-ray showed increased opacity on the right lower lung area, and C-reactive protein level was slightly elevated. The patient was treated with antiviral agents (lopinavir/ritonavir), and treatment with cDMARDs was discontinued except hydroxychloroquine. Her symptoms and laboratory results gradually improved. Three weeks later, real-time PCR for COVID-19 showed negative conversion, and the patient was discharged without any complications."}, {"pmid": 32479682, "title": "Preeclampsia-like syndrome induced by severe COVID-19: a prospective observational study.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Mendoza, Manel", "Garcia-Ruiz, Itziar", "Maiz, Nerea", "Rodo, Carlota", "Garcia-Manau, Pablo", "Serrano, Berta", "Lopez-Martinez, Rosa Maria", "Balcells, Joan", "Fernandez-Hidalgo, Nuria", "Carreras, Elena", "Suy, Anna"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479682", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the incidence of clinical, ultrasonographic and biochemical findings related to preeclampsia (PE) in pregnancies with COVID-19, and to assess their accuracy to differentiate between PE and the PE-like features associated with COVID-19. A prospective, observational study. Tertiary referral hospital. Singleton pregnancies with COVID-19 at >20+0 weeks. 42 consecutive pregnancies were recruited and classified into two groups: severe and nonsevere COVID-19, according to the occurrence of severe pneumonia. Uterine artery pulsatility index (UtAPI) and angiogenic factors (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor [sFlt-1/PlGF]) were assessed in women with suspected PE. Incidence of signs and symptoms related to PE, such as hypertension, proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, abnormal UtAPI and increased sFlt-1/PlGF. 34 cases were classified as nonsevere and 8 as severe COVID-19. Six (14.3%) women presented signs and symptoms of PE, all six being among the severe COVID-19 cases (75.0%). However, abnormal sFlt-1/PlGF and UtAPI could only be demonstrated in one case. Two cases remained pregnant after recovery from severe pneumonia and had a spontaneous resolution of the PE-like syndrome. Pregnant women with severe COVID-19 can develop a PE-like syndrome that might be distinguished from actual PE by sFlt-1/PlGF, LDH and UtAPI assessment. Health care providers should be aware of its existence and monitor pregnancies with suspected preeclampsia with caution."}, {"pmid": 32453058, "pmcid": "PMC7273947", "title": "Moderately Severe Diarrhea and Impaired Renal Function With COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Cappell, Mitchell S"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453058", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436604, "title": "A case of goggle-mask-related impetigo at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Yu, Qian", "Li, Wei", "Yang, Lianjuan"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436604", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305080, "pmcid": "PMC7162627", "title": "COVID-19 in the USA: a question of time.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305080", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442285, "title": "Association of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors with COVID-19-related outcomes in Korea: a nationwide population-based cohort study.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jung, Sun-Young", "Choi, Jae Chol", "You, Seung-Hun", "Kim, Won-Young"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442285", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors may facilitate host cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or attenuate organ injury via RAAS blockade. We aimed to assess the associations between prior use of RAAS inhibitors and clinical outcomes among Korean patients with coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). We performed a nationwide population-based cohort study using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment database. Claim records were screened for 66793 individuals who were tested for COVID-19 until April 8, 2020. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were used to compare the clinical outcomes between RAAS inhibitor users and nonusers. Among 5179 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 762 patients were RAAS inhibitor users and 4417 patients were nonusers. Relative to nonusers, RAAS inhibitor users were more likely to be older, male, and have comorbidities. Among 1954 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, 377 patients were RAAS inhibitor users and 1577 patients were nonusers. In-hospital mortality was observed for 33 RAAS inhibitor users (9%) and 51 nonusers (3%) (p<0.001). However, after adjustment for age, sex, Charlson Comorbidity Index, immunosuppression, and hospital type, the use of RAAS inhibitors was not associated with a higher risk of mortality (adjusted OR, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.53-1.44; p=0.60). No significant differences were observed between RAAS inhibitor users and nonusers in terms of vasopressor use, modes of ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, renal replacement therapy, and acute cardiac events. Our findings suggest that prior use of RAAS inhibitors was not independently associated with mortality among COVID-19 patients in Korea."}, {"pmid": 32371227, "pmcid": "PMC7187815", "title": "Ethical dilemmas faced by health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic: Issues, implications and suggestions.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Menon, Vikas", "Padhy, Susanta Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371227", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479900, "pmcid": "PMC7256542", "title": "Fatal arrhythmias: Another reason why doctors remain cautious about chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine for treating COVID-19.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Uzelac, Ilija", "Iravanian, Shahriar", "Ashikaga, Hiroshi", "Bhatia, Neal K", "Herndon, Conner", "Kaboudian, Abouzar", "Gumbart, James C", "Cherry, Elizabeth M", "Fenton, Flavio H"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479900", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early during the current COVID-19 pandemic, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) received a significant amount of attention as a potential antiviral treatment, such that it became one of the most commonly prescribed medications for COVID-19 patients. However, not only the effectiveness of HCQ has remained questionable, and mainly based on pre-clinical, and a few small clinical studies, but also HCQ is known to be potentially arrhythmogenic, especially as a result of QT prolongation. To investigate the arrhythmic effects of HCQ as the heightened risk is especially relevant as COVID-19 patients are at a higher risk of cardiac complications and arrhythmias at baseline. Here, we use the optical mapping technique, using voltage-sensitive fluorescent dyes, to illustrate the arrhythmic effects of hydroxychloroquine in ex-vivo guinea pig and rabbit hearts perfused with the upper therapeutic serum doses of HCQ (up to 1000ng/ml). We observe that HCQ markedly increases the action potential dispersion and results in the development of repolarization alternans and initiate polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. These results further highlight the proarrhythmic effects of HCQ."}, {"pmid": 32387668, "pmcid": "PMC7204694", "title": "Reply: A Dermatologic Manifestation of COVID-19: Transient Livedo Reticularis.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Manalo, Iviensan F", "Smith, Molly K", "Cheeley, Justin", "Jacobs, Randy"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387668", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329975, "pmcid": "PMC7200055", "title": "Covid-19 and Kidney Transplantation.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Akalin, Enver", "Azzi, Yorg", "Bartash, Rachel", "Seethamraju, Harish", "Parides, Michael", "Hemmige, Vagish", "Ross, Michael", "Forest, Stefanie", "Goldstein, Yitz D", "Ajaimy, Maria", "Liriano-Ward, Luz", "Pynadath, Cindy", "Loarte-Campos, Pablo", "Nandigam, Purna B", "Graham, Jay", "Le, Marie", "Rocca, Juan", "Kinkhabwala, Milan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329975", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418028, "pmcid": "PMC7229873", "title": "Hazardous Postoperative Outcomes of Unexpected COVID-19 Infected Patients: A Call for Global Consideration of Sampling all Asymptomatic Patients Before Surgical Treatment.", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Nahshon, Chen", "Bitterman, Arie", "Haddad, Riad", "Hazzan, David", "Lavie, Ofer"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418028", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus was identified as the cause of many pneumonia cases in China and eventually declared as a pandemic as the virus spread globally. Few reports were published on the outcome of surgical procedures in diagnosed COVID-19 patients and even fewer on the surgical outcomes of asymptomatic undiagnosed COVID-19 surgical patients. We aimed to review all published data regarding surgical outcomes of preoperatively asymptomatic untested coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. This report is a review on the perioperative period in COVID-19 patients who were preoperatively asymptomatic and not tested for COVID-19. Searches were conducted in PubMed April 4th, 2020. All publications, of any design, were considered for inclusion. Four reports were identified through our literature search, comprising 64 COVID-19 carriers, of them 51 were diagnosed only in the postoperative period. Synthesis of these reports, concerning the postoperative outcomes of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during the perioperative period, suggested a 14/51 (27.5%) postoperative mortality rate and severe mostly pulmonic complications, as well as medical staff exposure and transmission. COVID-19 may have potential hazardous implications on the perioperative course. Our review presents results of unacceptable mortality rate and a high rate of severe complications. These observations warrant further well-designed studies, yet we believe it is time for a global consideration of sampling all asymptomatic patients before surgical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32500168, "pmcid": "PMC7272208", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia: increased choline uptake with 18F-choline PET/CT.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Olivari, Laura", "Riccardi, Niccolo", "Rodari, Paola", "Angheben, Andrea", "Artioli, Paolo", "Salgarello, Matteo"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500168", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357273, "pmcid": "PMC7267294", "title": "A catabolic state in a kidney transplant recipient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Transpl Int", "authors": ["Billah, Marzuq", "Santeusanio, Andrew", "Delaney, Veronica", "Cravedi, Paolo", "Farouk, Samira S"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357273", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425658, "pmcid": "PMC7228692", "title": "Modeling the effects of intervention strategies on COVID-19 transmission dynamics.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Kennedy, Deanna M", "Zambrano, Gustavo Jose", "Wang, Yiyu", "Neto, Osmar Pinto"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425658", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To model the effects of continuous, intermittent, and stepping-down social distancing (SD) strategies and personal protection measures on COVID-19 transmission dynamics. Constant, intermittent, and stepping-down SD strategies were modeled at 4 mean magnitudes (5%, 10 %, 15 % and 20 %), 2 time windows (40-days, 80-days), and 2 levels of personal caution (30 % and 50 %). The stepping-down strategy was the best long-term SD strategy to minimize the peak number of active COVID-19 cases and associated deaths. The stepping-down strategy also resulted in a reduction in total time required to SD over a two-year period by 6.5 % compared to an intermittent or constant SD strategy. An 80-day SD time-window was statistically more effective in maintaining control over the COVID-19 pandemic than a 40-day window. However, the results were dependent upon 50 % of people being cautious (engaging in personal protection measures). If people exercise caution while in public by protecting themselves (e.g., wearing a facemask, proper hand hygiene and avoid agglomeration) the magnitude and duration of SD necessary to maintain control over the pandemic can be reduced. Our models suggest that the most effective way to reduce SD over a two-year period is a stepping-down approach every 80 days. According to our model, this method would prevent a second peak and the number of intensive care units needed per day would be within the threshold of those currently available."}, {"pmid": 32378276, "title": "To resume outpatient dermatologic surgery safely during stabilized period of coronavirus disease-2019: Experiences from Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Yang, Liu", "Song, Zexing", "Qian, Yue", "Tao, Juan"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378276", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520629, "title": "Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on health-care workers.", "journal": "Hosp Pract (1995)", "authors": ["Harrison, Darren", "Muradali, Komal", "El Sahly, Hana", "Bozkurt, Biykem", "Jneid, Hani"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520629", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359088, "pmcid": "PMC7267235", "title": "RAAS blockers in hypertension posing a higher risk towards the COVID-19.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Singh, Yogendra", "Gupta, Gaurav", "Satija, Saurabh", "Negi, Poonam", "Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar", "Dua, Kamal"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359088", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501370, "pmcid": "PMC7252162", "title": "Short-term forecasting COVID-19 cumulative confirmed cases: Perspectives for Brazil.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Ribeiro, Matheus Henrique Dal Molin", "da Silva, Ramon Gomes", "Mariani, Viviana Cocco", "Coelho, Leandro Dos Santos"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501370", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an emerging disease responsible for infecting millions of people since the first notification until nowadays. Developing efficient short-term forecasting models allow forecasting the number of future cases. In this context, it is possible to develop strategic planning in the public health system to avoid deaths. In this paper, autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), cubist regression (CUBIST), random forest (RF), ridge regression (RIDGE), support vector regression (SVR), and stacking-ensemble learning are evaluated in the task of time series forecasting with one, three, and six-days ahead the COVID-19 cumulative confirmed cases in ten Brazilian states with a high daily incidence. In the stacking-ensemble learning approach, the CUBIST regression, RF, RIDGE, and SVR models are adopted as base-learners and Gaussian process (GP) as meta-learner. The models' effectiveness is evaluated based on the improvement index, mean absolute error, and symmetric mean absolute percentage error criteria. In most of the cases, the SVR and stacking-ensemble learning reach a better performance regarding adopted criteria than compared models. In general, the developed models can generate accurate forecasting, achieving errors in a range of 0.87%-3.51%, 1.02%-5.63%, and 0.95%-6.90% in one, three, and six-days-ahead, respectively. The ranking of models, from the best to the worst regarding accuracy, in all scenarios is SVR, stacking-ensemble learning, ARIMA, CUBIST, RIDGE, and RF models. The use of evaluated models is recommended to forecasting and monitor the ongoing growth of COVID-19 cases, once these models can assist the managers in the decision-making support systems."}, {"pmid": 32496267, "title": "Telepsychiatry during COVID-19: Some clinical, public health, and ethical dilemmas.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Sousa, Avinash De", "Karia, Sagar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496267", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440661, "pmcid": "PMC7212072", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Infection in Newborns and Pediatrics: A Systematic Review.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Panahi, Latif", "Amiri, Marzieh", "Pouy, Somaye"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440661", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 a pandemic and a global health emergency. Thus, it is necessary to clearly characterize clinical manifestations and management of COVID-19 infection in children to provide accurate information for healthcare workers. Accordingly, the present study was designed to review articles published on clinical manifestations and characteristics of children and infants with COVID-19. In this systematic review, medical databases including Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, SID, Medline, WHO and LitCovid were searched using English and Persian keywords including COVID-19, Pediatrics, Newborn, Coronavirus 2019, 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2. Finally, data of 14 related articles were included in the study. A total of 2228 children, newborns and infants were studied. Clinical manifestation in children may be mild (72%), moderate (22%) or severe (6%), and the most common symptoms include dry cough (91%) and fever (96%). According to the included articles, two children had died, one of which was a 14-year-old boy and his exposure history and underlying disease were unclear, and the other was a male newborn with gestational age of 35 weeks and 5 days, birth weight of 2200, Apgar score of 8, 8 (1 min and 5 min) and his first symptom was increased heart rate. No differences were found between male and female children regarding infection with COVID-19. Most pediatrics were infected with COVID-19 due to family cluster or history of close contact. Infected children have relatively milder clinical symptoms compared to infected adults. We should pay special attention to early diagnosis and early treatment in children infected with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32246910, "pmcid": "PMC7270640", "title": "US NICUs and donor milk banks brace for COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Furlow, Bryant"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246910", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385101, "title": "Rapid repurposing of drugs for COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Guy, R Kiplin", "DiPaola, Robert S", "Romanelli, Frank", "Dutch, Rebecca E"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385101", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472763, "title": "Comparative analysis of Coronaviridae nucleocapsid and surface glycoprotein sequences.", "journal": "Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)", "authors": ["Basu, Babu V", "Brown, Olen R"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472763", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We analyzed\u00a0the nucleocapsid and surface proteins from several\u00a0Coronaviridae viruses using an alignment-free computer program. Three isolates of novel, human coronavirus (SARS0CoV-2) (2019) that are responsible for the current pandemic and older SARS strains of human and animal coronaviruses were examined. The nucleocapsid and glycoprotein sequences are identical for the three novel 2019 human isolates and they are closely related to these sequences in six bat and human SARS coronaviruses. This strongly supports the bat origin of the pandemic, novel coronavirus. One surface glycoprotein fragment of 111 amino acids is the largest, conserved,\u00a0common permutation in the examined bat SARS-like and human SARS viruses, including the Covid-19 virus. BLAST analysis confirmed that this fragment is conserved only in the human and bat SARS strains. This fragment likely is involved in infectivity and is of interest for vaccine development. Surface glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein sequence homologies of 58.9% and 82.5%, respectively, between the novel SARS0CoV-2 strains and the human SARS (2018) virus suggest that existing anti-SARS vaccines may provide some protection against the novel coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32511943, "title": "Retraction-Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine with or without a macrolide for treatment of COVID-19: a multinational registry analysis.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Mehra, Mandeep R", "Ruschitzka, Frank", "Patel, Amit N"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511943", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352366, "title": "How to Deal with COVID-19 Pandemic: A Radiologic Approach.", "journal": "Turk Thorac J", "authors": ["Gezer, Naciye Sinem"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352366", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362503, "pmcid": "PMC7166013", "title": "[Early EMDR defusing in a COVID-19 testing center].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Thepaut, M", "Ferracci, S", "Dormois, I", "Haour, F", "Cazenave, N"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362503", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500942, "title": "Outcome of COVID-19 in Liver Transplant Recipients: a Preliminary Report from Northwestern Italy.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Patrono, Damiano", "Lupo, Francesco", "Canta, Francesca", "Mazza, Elena", "Mirabella, Stefano", "Corcione, Silvia", "Tandoi, Francesco", "De Rosa, Francesco Giuseppe", "Romagnoli, Renato"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500942", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 pandemic is deeply affecting transplant activity worldwide. It is unclear whether solid organ transplant recipients are at increased risk of developing severe complications and how they should be managed, also concerning immunosuppression. This is a report about the course and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver transplant recipients from a single center in Northwestern Italy in the period March-April 2020. Three patients who were treated at our Institution are reported in details, whereas summary data are provided for those managed at peripheral Hospitals. Presentation varied from asymptomatic to rapidly progressive respiratory failure due to bilateral interstitial pneumonia. Accordingly, treatment and changes to immunosuppression were adapted to the severity of the disease. Overall mortality was 20%, whereas Covid-related mortality was 10%. Two cases of prolonged (> 2 months) viral carriage were observed in two asymptomatic patients who contracted the infection in the early course after transplant. Besides depicting Covid-19 course and possible treatment scenarios in liver transplant patients, these cases are discussed in relation to the changes in our practice prompted by Covid-19 epidemic, with potential implications for other transplant programs."}, {"pmid": 32380024, "pmcid": "PMC7198186", "title": "A 5-point strategy for improved connection with relatives of critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Azoulay, Elie", "Kentish-Barnes, Nancy"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380024", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489743, "pmcid": "PMC7255551", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: A Neurological Perspective.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Lahiri, Durjoy", "Ardila, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489743", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Even though severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been observed to principally affect the respiratory system, neurological involvements have already been reported in some published work. We have reviewed original articles, case reports, and existing open-source data-sets to delineate the spectrum of neurological disorders potentially observed in SARS-CoV-2 positive cases. Neurological involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) corresponds to three situations:\u00a0(a) neurological manifestations of viral infection, (b) post-infective neurological complications, and (c) infection in patients with neurological co-morbidity. Neurological manifestations can further be subdivided into the central nervous system (headache, dizziness, alteration of the sensorium, ataxia encephalitis, stroke, and seizures) and peripheral nervous system (skeletal muscle injury and peripheral nerve involvement including hyposmia and hypogeusia) symptomatology. Post-infective neurological complications include demyelinating conditions.\u00a0Reduced mobility and dementia as co-morbidities may predispose a patient to have a viral infection. It is concluded that the pandemic of COVID-19 presents for a neurologist some unique challenges. We observe that SARS-CoV-2 may have various neurological manifestations and in many cases, neurological features may precede typical respiratory symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32513666, "title": "Using socioeconomics to counter health disparities arising from the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Anderson, Geoffrey", "Frank, John William", "Naylor, C David", "Wodchis, Walter", "Feng, Patrick"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513666", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457198, "pmcid": "PMC7251245", "title": "Active tuberculosis, sequelae and COVID-19 co-infection: first cohort of 49 cases.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Tadolini, Marina", "Codecasa, Luigi Ruffo", "Garcia-Garcia, Jose-Maria", "Blanc, Francois-Xavier", "Borisov, Sergey", "Alffenaar, Jan-Willem", "Andrejak, Claire", "Bachez, Pierre", "Bart, Pierre-Alexandre", "Belilovski, Evgeny", "Cardoso-Landivar, Jose", "Centis, Rosella", "D'Ambrosio, Lia", "De Souza-Galvao, Maria-Luiza", "Dominguez-Castellano, Angel", "Dourmane, Samir", "Jachym, Mathilde Frechet", "Froissart, Antoine", "Giacomet, Vania", "Goletti, Delia", "Grard, Soazic", "Gualano, Gina", "Izadifar, Armine", "Le Du, Damien", "Royo, Margarita Marin", "Mazza-Stalder, Jesica", "Motta, Ilaria", "Ong, Catherine Wei Min", "Palmieri, Fabrizio", "Riviere, Frederic", "Rodrigo, Teresa", "Rossato Silva, Denise", "Sanchez-Montalva, Adrian", "Saporiti, Matteo", "Scarpellini, Paolo", "Schlemmer, Frederic", "Spanevello, Antonio", "Sumarokova, Elena", "Tabernero, Eva", "Tambyah, Paul Anantharajah", "Tiberi, Simon", "Torre, Alessandro", "Visca, Dina", "Murguiondo, Miguel Zabaleta", "Sotgiu, Giovanni", "Migliori, Giovanni Battista"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457198", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32208497, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: palliative care for elderly and frail patients at home and in residential and nursing homes.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Kunz, Roland", "Minder, Markus"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208497", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275766, "pmcid": "PMC7262296", "title": "Point-of-care lung ultrasound in patients with COVID-19 - a narrative review.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Smith, M J", "Hayward, S A", "Innes, S M", "Miller, A S C"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275766", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ultrasound imaging of the lung and associated tissues may play an important role in the management of patients with COVID-19-associated lung injury. Compared with other monitoring modalities, such as auscultation or radiographic imaging, we argue lung ultrasound has high diagnostic accuracy, is ergonomically favourable and has fewer infection control implications. By informing the initiation, escalation, titration and weaning of respiratory support, lung ultrasound can be integrated into COVID-19 care pathways for patients with respiratory failure. Given the unprecedented pressure on healthcare services currently, supporting and educating clinicians is a key enabler of the wider implementation of lung ultrasound. This narrative review provides a summary of evidence and clinical guidance for the use and interpretation of lung ultrasound for patients with moderate, severe and critical COVID-19-associated lung injury. Mechanisms by which the potential lung ultrasound workforce can be deployed are explored, including a pragmatic approach to training, governance, imaging, interpretation of images and implementation of lung ultrasound into routine clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32054601, "title": "Coronavirus: online GP bookings should be stopped because of safety risks, warns BMA.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32054601", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259628, "pmcid": "PMC7129776", "title": "Clinician Wellness During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Extraordinary Times and Unusual Challenges for the Allergist/Immunologist.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Bansal, Priya", "Bingemann, Theresa A", "Greenhawt, Matthew", "Mosnaim, Giselle", "Nanda, Anil", "Oppenheimer, John", "Sharma, Hemant", "Stukus, David", "Shaker, Marcus"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259628", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused sudden and dramatic societal changes. The allergy/immunology community has quickly responded by mobilizing practice adjustments and embracing new paradigms of care to protect patients and staff from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 exposure. Social distancing is key to slowing contagion but adds to complexity of care and increases isolation and anxiety. Uncertainty exists across a new COVID-19 reality, and clinician well-being may be an underappreciated priority. Wellness incorporates mental, physical, and spiritual health to protect against burnout, which impairs both coping and caregiving abilities. Understanding the stressors that COVID-19 is placing on clinicians can assist in recognizing what is needed to return to a point of wellness. Clinicians can leverage easily accessible tools, including the Strength-Focused and Meaning-Oriented Approach to Resilience and Transformation approach, wellness apps, mindfulness, and gratitude. Realizing early warning signs of anxiety, depression, substance abuse, and posttraumatic stress disorder is important to access safe and confidential resources. Implementing wellness strategies can improve flexibility, resilience, and outlook. Historical parallels demonstrate that perseverance is as inevitable as pandemics and that we need not navigate this unprecedented time alone."}, {"pmid": 32398241, "title": "Waste in covid-19 research.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Glasziou, Paul P", "Sanders, Sharon", "Hoffmann, Tammy"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398241", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525485, "title": "Pediatric Telebehavioral Health: A Transformational Shift in Care Delivery in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "JMIR Ment Health", "authors": ["Ramtekkar, Ujjwal", "Bridge, Jeffrey", "Thomas, Glenn", "Butter, Eric", "Reese, Jennifer", "Logan, Erica", "Lin, Simon", "Axelson, David"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525485", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Telebehavioral Health has been expanding for the past decade to improve access and address the critical shortage of psychiatric workforce. The sudden shift from traditional in-person visits to alternatives modalities has been forced as a result of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There are key factors associated with successful transitional and large-scale implementation of telehealth with existing resources. We describe the experience of a large health system in utilizing telehealth technology, identify strategies and discuss considerations for long term sustainability after the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32327745, "title": "Without food, there can be no exit from the pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Torero, Maximo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327745", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502054, "title": "A 3-month-old child with COVID-19: A case report.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Li, Chenxi", "Luo, Fan", "Wu, Bing"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502054", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is pandemic and is a medical issue. However, children account for a small portion of those with the disease, and there are few published reports of COVID-19 in children. The patient reported in this case report is the youngest case reported in Chengdu, China to date. A 3-month-old male infant presented with cough and rhinorrhea. Family members from Wuhan, the epicenter of the epidemic came to stay in the patient's home 16 days before the onset of his disease, and his mother had been diagnosed with COVID-19. He was diagnosed with COVID-19 based on a history of exposure and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), detected using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The patient was admitted to hospital and treated symptomatically with oral medication. The patient recovered completely and was discharged after one month of hospitalization. He tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 using RT-PCR and a chest CT performed 4 weeks after admission showed marked improvement prior to discharge. Clinicians must be aware of the presentation of COVID-19 in children because it differs from that in adults."}, {"pmid": 32276774, "pmcid": "PMC7134214", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 inflames the heart. The importance of awareness of myocardial injury in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Ammirati, Enrico", "Wang, Dao Wen"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276774", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385523, "pmcid": "PMC7206216", "title": "IL-6 may be a good biomarker for earlier detection of COVID-19 progression.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Wang, Changsong", "Fei, Dongsheng", "Li, Xueting", "Zhao, Mingyan", "Yu, Kaijiang"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385523", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404481, "title": "Large-scale, in-house production of viral transport media to support SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing in a multi-hospital healthcare network during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Smith, Kenneth P", "Cheng, Annie", "Chopelas, Amber", "DuBois-Coyne, Sarah", "Mezghani, Ikram", "Rodriguez, Shade", "Talay, Mustafa", "Kirby, James E"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404481", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has severely disrupted worldwide supplies of viral transport media (VTM) due to widespread demand for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing. In response to this ongoing shortage, we began production of VTM in-house in support of diagnostic testing in our hospital network. As our diagnostic laboratory was not equipped for reagent production, we took advantage of space and personnel that became available due to closure of the research division of our medical center. We utilized a formulation of VTM described by the CDC that was simple to produce, did not require filtration for sterilization, and used reagents that were available from commercial suppliers. Performance of VTM was evaluated by several quality assurance measures. Based on Ct values of spiking experiments, we found that our VTM supported highly consistent amplification of the SARS-CoV-2 target (coefficient of variation = 2.95%) using the Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 EUA assay on the Abbott m2000 platform. VTM was also found to be compatible with multiple swab types and, based on accelerated stability studies, able to maintain functionality for at least four months at room temperature. We further discuss how we met logistical challenges associated with large-scale VTM production in a crisis setting including use of staged, assembly line for VTM transport tube production."}, {"pmid": 32519293, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia incidentally detected on coronary CT angiogram: a do-not-miss diagnosis.", "journal": "Emerg Radiol", "authors": ["Behzad, Shima", "Velez, Erik", "Najafi, Mohammad Hosein", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519293", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronary CT angiograms are commonly performed for the evaluation of coronary artery disease and coronary arterial anatomy. However, extracardiac findings are frequently detected on these examinations and often can explain patients' underlying symptoms, having a significant impact on patient management. Here in, we discuss three cases of incidentally detected novel COVID-19-infected pneumonia (NCIP). This case series highlights the image findings in NCIP and emphasizes the importance of evaluating all organs in the field of view on coronary CT angiograms. In addition, with the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 and exponentially increasing incidence throughout the world, this report stresses the need for including NCIP in the differential diagnosis of patients with typical image findings in at-risk populations, as early diagnosis is crucial for appropriate patient management and post-exposure recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32526183, "title": "The future of critical care: lessons from the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["The Lancet Respiratory Medicine"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526183", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471331, "title": "Letter to the Editor: In response to \"Role of Telehealth in the Management of COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Previous SARS, MERS, and Ebola Outbreaks\".", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Dunnigan, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471331", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502132, "title": "Airway management in the operating room and interventional suites in known or suspected COVID-19 adult patients: a practical review.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Thiruvenkatarajan, Venkatesan", "Wong, David T", "Kothandan, Harikrishnan", "Sekhar, Vimal", "Adhikary, Sanjib Das", "Currie, John", "Van Wijk, Roelof"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502132", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current evidence suggests that Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread occurs via respiratory droplets (particles >5 \u00b5m), and possibly through aerosol. The rate of transmission remains high during airway management. This was evident during the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic where those who were involved in tracheal intubation had a higher risk of infection than those who were not involved (odds ratio 6.6). We describe specific airway management principles for patients with known or suspected COVID-19 disease for an array of critical care and procedural settings. We conducted a thorough search of the available literature of airway management of COVID-19 across a variety of international settings. In addition, we have analyzed various medical professional body recommendations for common procedural practices such as interventional cardiology, gastroenterology and pulmonology. A systematic process that aims to protect the operators involved via appropriate personal protective equipment, avoidance of unnecessary patient contact and minimalization of periprocedural aerosol generation are key components to successful airway management. For operating room cases requiring general anesthesia or complex interventional procedures, tracheal intubation should be the preferred option. For interventional procedures when tracheal intubation is not indicated, cautious conscious sedation appears to be a reasonable approach. Awake intubation should be avoided unless it is absolutely necessary. Extubation is a high-risk procedure for aerosol and droplet spread and needs thorough planning and preparation. As updates and modifications in the management of COVID-19 are still evolving, local guidelines, appraised at regular intervals, are vital in optimizing clinical management."}, {"pmid": 32388328, "pmcid": "PMC7198404", "title": "Challenges and solutions in meeting up the urgent requirement of ventilators for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Iyengar, Karthikeyan", "Bahl, Shashi", "Raju Vaishya", "Vaish, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388328", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severely affected patients in the COVID-19 pandemic need Ventilators, we chart the challenges faced by the health care systems in procuring these machines and the role of 3-D printing technology in building ventilators. We tried to find the current role, availability and need of ventilators in the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of applied innovative technologies is assessed. We have done a comprehensive review of the literature using suitable keywords on the search engines of PubMed, SCOPUS, Google Scholar and Research Gate in the second week of April 2020. We found in our review that there is an acute shortage of the ventilators and the manpower to operate these sophisticated machines. There is significant deficiency in the production and supply chain of the ventilators. Many of the seriously ill patients who require hospitalization may need ventilator support. Non-invasive ventilation is not recommended in these patients. As the respiratory illness due to COVID-19 pandemic spreads worldwide, health care systems are facing the tough challenges of acquiring ventilators to support patients. All steps involved in the supply chain management of ventilators are being escalated to produce more ventilators for the coronavirus frontline. Innovative applications of Additive medicine like 3-D printer technology may play key role in delivering sufficient ventilators."}, {"pmid": 32489136, "pmcid": "PMC7270572", "title": "COVID-19 quarantine: Post-traumatic stress symptomatology among Lebanese citizens.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Fawaz, Mirna", "Samaha, Ali"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489136", "countries": ["Lebanon"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the light of the global spread of the novel Coronavirus known as COVID-19 and in the absence of an approved treatment and vaccination, Lebanon has taken national measures, among which was home quarantine of the general public in an attempt to flatten the epidemic curve and avoid flooding the health care system. This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS) during the times of COVID-19 quarantine among Lebanese citizens. This quantitative cross-sectional study recruited 950 civilians and is aimed at measuring the prevalence of PTSS among the Lebanese citizens at an interval of 2\u2009weeks and 1\u2009month of COVID-19 quarantine. The results have shown that quarantine in Lebanon has started to give rise to Post-traumatic Stress Disorder symptomatology during the second week which was worsened in the fourth week of COVID-19 quarantine. COVID-19 quarantine has influenced the psychology of Lebanese citizens and might have persistent effects after the end of this phase which is recommended to be explored."}, {"pmid": 32501409, "pmcid": "PMC7256342", "title": "Population vulnerability to COVID-19 in Europe: a burden of disease analysis.", "journal": "Arch Public Health", "authors": ["Wyper, Grant M A", "Assuncao, Ricardo", "Cuschieri, Sarah", "Devleeschauwer, Brecht", "Fletcher, Eilidh", "Haagsma, Juanita A", "Hilderink, Henk B M", "Idavain, Jane", "Lesnik, Tina", "Von der Lippe, Elena", "Majdan, Marek", "Milicevic, Milena S", "Pallari, Elena", "Penalvo, Jose L", "Pires, Sara M", "Plass, Dietrich", "Santos, Joao V", "Stockton, Diane L", "Thomsen, Sofie Theresa", "Grant, Ian"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501409", "countries": ["Italy", "Czechia", "Sweden", "Germany", "Bulgaria", "Lithuania", "Latvia", "Estonia", "Greece", "Croatia", "Finland", "Portugal", "Hungary"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Evidence has emerged showing that elderly people and those with pre-existing chronic health conditions may be at higher risk of developing severe health consequences from COVID-19. In Europe, this is of particular relevance with ageing populations living with non-communicable diseases, multi-morbidity and frailty. Published estimates of Years Lived with Disability (YLD) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study help to characterise the extent of these effects. Our aim was to identify the countries across Europe that have populations at highest risk from COVID-19 by using estimates of population age structure and YLD for health conditions linked to severe illness from COVID-19. Population and YLD estimates from GBD 2017 were extracted for 45 countries in Europe. YLD was restricted to a list of specific health conditions associated with being at risk of developing severe consequences from COVID-19 based on guidance from the United Kingdom Government. This guidance also identified individuals aged 70\u2009years and above as being at higher risk of developing severe health consequences. Study outcomes were defined as: (i) proportion of population aged 70\u2009years and above; and (ii) rate of YLD for COVID-19 vulnerable health conditions across all ages. Bivariate groupings were established for each outcome and combined to establish overall population-level vulnerability. Countries with the highest proportions of elderly residents were Italy, Greece, Germany, Portugal and Finland. When assessments of population-level YLD rates for COVID-19 vulnerable health conditions were made, the highest rates were observed for Bulgaria, Czechia, Croatia, Hungary and Bosnia and Herzegovina. A bivariate analysis indicated that the countries at high-risk across both measures of vulnerability were: Bulgaria; Portugal; Latvia; Lithuania; Greece; Germany; Estonia; and Sweden. Routine estimates of population structures and non-fatal burden of disease measures can be usefully combined to create composite indicators of vulnerability for rapid assessments, in this case to severe health consequences from COVID-19. Countries with available results for sub-national regions within their country, or national burden of disease studies that also use sub-national levels for burden quantifications, should consider using non-fatal burden of disease estimates to estimate geographical vulnerability to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32384297, "title": "Using Machine Learning to Estimate Unobserved COVID-19 Infections in North America.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Vaid, Shashank", "Cakan, Caglar", "Bhandari, Mohit"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384297", "countries": ["United States", "Canada"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The detection of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases remains a huge challenge. As of April 22, 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to take its toll, with >2.6 million confirmed infections and >183,000 deaths. Dire projections are surfacing almost every day, and policymakers worldwide are using projections for critical decisions. Given this background, we modeled unobserved infections to examine the extent to which we might be grossly underestimating COVID-19 infections in North America. We developed a machine-learning model to uncover hidden patterns based on reported cases and to predict potential infections. First, our model relied on dimensionality reduction to identify parameters that were key to uncovering hidden patterns. Next, our predictive analysis used an unbiased hierarchical Bayesian estimator approach to infer past infections from current fatalities. Our analysis indicates that, when we assumed a 13-day lag time from infection to death, the United States, as of April 22, 2020, likely had at least 1.3 million undetected infections. With a longer lag time-for example, 23 days-there could have been at least 1.7 million undetected infections. Given these assumptions, the number of undetected infections in Canada could have ranged from 60,000 to 80,000. Duarte's elegant unbiased estimator approach suggested that, as of April 22, 2020, the United States had up to >1.6 million undetected infections and Canada had at least 60,000 to 86,000 undetected infections. However, the Johns Hopkins University Center for Systems Science and Engineering data feed on April 22, 2020, reported only 840,476 and 41,650 confirmed cases for the United States and Canada, respectively. We have identified 2 key findings: (1) as of April 22, 2020, the United States may have had 1.5 to 2.029 times the number of reported infections and Canada may have had 1.44 to 2.06 times the number of reported infections and (2) even if we assume that the fatality and growth rates in the unobservable population (undetected infections) are similar to those in the observable population (confirmed infections), the number of undetected infections may be within ranges similar to those described above. In summary, 2 different approaches indicated similar ranges of undetected infections in North America. Prognostic Level V. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence."}, {"pmid": 32425332, "pmcid": "PMC7232071", "title": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Kajani, Raahil", "Apramian, Austin", "Vega, Arturo", "Ubhayakar, Nitin", "Xu, Prissilla", "Liu, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425332", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513664, "title": "Change in practice in gynecologic oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic: a social media survey.", "journal": "Int J Gynecol Cancer", "authors": ["Martinelli, Fabio", "Garbi, Annalisa"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513664", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has affected gynecologic cancer management. The goal of this survey was to evaluate changes that occurred in gynecologic oncology practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. A anonymous survey consisting of 33 questions (https://sites.google.com/view/gyncacovidfmartinelli) regarding interaction between gynecologic cancers and COVID-19 was distributed online via social media from April 9 to April 30, 2020. Basic descriptive statistics were applied. Analytics of survey-diffusion and generated-interest (visualizations, engagement rates, response rate) were analyzed. The survey received 20\u2009836 visualizations, generating an average engagement rates by reach of 4.7%. The response rate was 30%. A total of 86% of respondents completed the survey, for a total of 187 physicians surveyed across 49 countries. The majority (143/187; 76%) were gynecologic oncologists, and most were \u226450\u2009years old (146/187; 78%). A total of 49.7% (93/187) were facing the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, while 26.7% (50/187) and 23.5% (44/187) were in the peak and plateau phases, respectively. For 97.3% (182/187) of respondents COVID-19 affected or changed their respective clinical practice. Between 16% (27/165) (before surgery) and 25% (26/102) (before medical treatment) did not perform any tests to rule out COVID-19 infection among patients. The majority of respondents did not alter indications of treatment if patients were COVID-19-negative, while treatments were generally postponed in COVID-19-positive patients. Treatments were considered priority for: early stage high-risk uterine cancers (85/187; 45%), newly diagnosed epithelial ovarian cancer (76/187; 41%), and locally advanced cervical cancer (76/187; 41%). Treatment of early stage low-grade endometrioid endometrial cancer was deferred according to 49% (91/187) of respondents, with hormonal treatment as the option of therapy (31%; 56/178). A total of 77% (136/177) of respondents reported no changes in (surgical) treatment for early stage cervical cancer in COVID-19-negative patients, while treatment was postponed by 54% (96/177) of respondent, if the patient tested COVID-19-positive. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancers was considered by over one-third of respondents as well as hypofractionation of radiation treatment for locally advanced cervical cancers. COVID-19 affected the treatment of gynecologic cancers patients, both in terms of prioritization and identification of strategies to reduce hospital access and length of stay. Social media is a reliable tool to perform fast-tracking, worldwide surveys."}, {"pmid": 32226946, "pmcid": "PMC7086482", "title": "COVID-19: a novel zoonotic disease caused by a coronavirus from China: what we know and what we don't.", "journal": "Microbiol Aust", "authors": ["Mackenzie, John S", "Smith, David W"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226946", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451579, "pmcid": "PMC7246291", "title": "The baby lung and the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Gattinoni, Luciano", "Meissner, Konrad", "Marini, John J"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451579", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125129, "title": "[Analysis on the epidemic factors for the Corona Virus Disease].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, H Y", "Duan, G C"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125129", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) , an emerging infection disease occurred in Wuhan, has spread in the mainland China. The epidemic factors on the basis of knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 were discussed in this paper. This puts a lot of pressure on clinical resources and care. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel corona virus, the onset of COVID-19 is slow, and the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 remains unclear and may lead to multiple organ damage. These put a lot of pressure on clinical resources and care. Source of infection including the patients, asymptomatic carrier and patients in the incubation period are contagious. It is difficult to control source of infection. Routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission are diversified and the main routes of transmission for COVID-19 are droplet transmission and close contact transmission. All population have susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Social factors such population movements and aggregation accelerated the spread of SARS-CoV-2. The Chinese government's adopted measures are positive and effective, and are accepted by the expert group from the World Health Organization. However, it will be a long-term hard work in the future to seriously summarize and think deeply to achieve public health security in China."}, {"pmid": 32388880, "pmcid": "PMC7273104", "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: A case report and review of recent literature.", "journal": "J Peripher Nerv Syst", "authors": ["Scheidl, Erika", "Canseco, Daniel Diez", "Hadji-Naumov, Aleksandar", "Bereznai, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388880", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute demyelinating inflammatory polyneuropathy (AIDP) is the most common type of Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) in Europe, following several viral and bacterial infections. Data on AIDP-patients associated with SARS-CoV-2 (coronavirus-2) infection are scarce. We describe the case of a 54-years-old Caucasian female patient with typical clinical and electrophysiological manifestations of AIDP, who was reported positive with PCR for SARS-CoV-2, 3\u2009weeks prior to onset of the neurological symptoms. She did not experience a preceding fever or respiratory symptoms, but a transient loss of smell and taste. At the admission to our neurological department, a progressive proximally pronounced paraparesis, areflexia, and sensory loss with tingling of all extremities were found, which began 10\u2009days before. The modified Erasmus Giullain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome outcome score (mEGOS) was 3/9 at admission and 1/12 at day 7 of hospitalization. The electrophysiological assessment proved a segmental demyelinating polyneuropathy and cerebrospinal fluid examination showed an albuminocytologic dissociation. The neurological symptoms improved significantly during treatment with immunoglobulins. Our case draws attention to the occurrence of GBS also in patients with COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), who did not experience respiratory or general symptoms. It emphasizes that SARS-CoV-2 induces immunological processes, regardless from the lack of prodromic symptoms. However, it is likely that there is a connection between the severity of the respiratory syndrome and further neurological consequences."}, {"pmid": 32334942, "pmcid": "PMC7152920", "title": "COVID-19: should we continue to cryopreserve sperm during the pandemic?", "journal": "Reprod Biomed Online", "authors": ["Yakass, Michael Bright", "Woodward, Bryan"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334942", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449781, "title": "Face Mask-induced Itch: A Self-questionnaire Study of 2,315 Responders During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Derm Venereol", "authors": ["Szepietowski, Jacek C", "Matusiak, Lukasz", "Szepietowska, Marta", "Krajewski, Piotr K", "Bialynicki-Birula, Rafal"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449781", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little is known about itch related to the use of face masks. This internet survey study investigated the prevalence, intensity and clinical characteristics of itch related to the use of face masks by the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 2,315 replies were received, of which 2,307 were included in the final analysis. Of the respondents, 1,393 (60.4%) reported using face masks during the previous week, and, of these, 273 (19.6%) participants reported having itch. Subjects who reported sensitive skin and atopic predisposition, and those with facial dermatoses (acne, atopic dermatitis or seborrhoeic dermatitis) were at significantly higher risk of itch development. The high-est rating of itch for the whole group on the Itch Numeral Rating Scale was 4.07\u2009\u00b1\u20092.06 (itch of moderate intensity). Responders who wore masks for longer periods more frequently reported itch. Almost 30% of itchy subjects reported scratching their face without removing the mask, or after removing the mask and then scratching. Wearing face masks is linked to development of itch, and scratching can lead to incorrect use of face masks, resulting in reduced protection."}, {"pmid": 32223769, "pmcid": "PMC7156561", "title": "Shelter hospital mode: how to prevent novel coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) hospital-acquired infection?", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Yang, Yong", "Wang, Hailian", "Chen, Kang", "Zhou, Jun", "Deng, Shaoping", "Wang, Yi"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223769", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533838, "title": "The pathologic autopsy of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) in China: a review.", "journal": "Pathog Dis", "authors": ["Zhou, Baoyong", "Zhao, Wei", "Feng, Ruixi", "Zhang, Xiaohui", "Li, Xuemei", "Zhou, Yang", "Peng, Li", "Li, Yixin", "Zhang, Jinyan", "Luo, Jing", "Li, Lingyu", "Wu, Jingxian", "Yang, Changhong", "Wang, Meijiao", "Zhao, Yong", "Wang, Kejian", "Yu, Huarong", "Peng, Qiling", "Jiang, Ning"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533838", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) emerged in Wuhan, China, has rapidly spread to many countries across all six\u00a0WHO regions. However, its pathobiology remains incompletely understood and many efforts are underway to study it worldwide. To clarify its pathogenesis to some extent, it will inevitably require lots of COVID-2019-associated deaths at pathologic autopsy. Pathologists from all over the world have raised concern with pathologic autopsy relating to COVID-2019. The issue of whether a person dies\u00a0from COVID-2019 infection or not always is an ambiguous problem in some cases,\u00a0and ongoing epidemiology from China may shed light on it. This review retrospectively summarizes the research status of pathologic autopsy in COVID-2019 in China, which will be important for the cause of death, prevention, control and clinical strategies of COVID-2019. Moreover, it points out several challenges at autopsy. We believe pathological studies from China enable to correlate clinical symptoms and pathological features of COVID-2019 for doctors and provide an insight into COVID-2019 disease."}, {"pmid": 32527675, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases in northeast Italy: A cross-sectional study on 916 patients.", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Zen, M", "Fuzzi, E", "Astorri, D", "Saccon, F", "Padoan, R", "Ienna, L", "Cozzi, G", "Depascale, R", "Zanatta, E", "Gasparotto, M", "Benvenuti, F", "Bindoli, S", "Gatto, M", "Felicetti, M", "Ortolan, A", "Campaniello, D", "Larosa, M", "Lorenzin, M", "Ramonda, R", "Sfriso, P", "Schiavon, F", "Iaccarino, L", "Doria, A"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527675", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Whether patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARD) have a higher risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) and how SARS-CoV-2 pandemic impacts on adherence to therapy has not been fully elucidated. We assessed the rate and clinical presentation of COVID-19, and adherence to therapy in a large cohort of patients with ARD followed-up in a tertiary University-Hospital in Northeast Italy. Between April 9th and April 25th, 2020, after SARS-CoV-2 infection peak, a telephone survey investigating the impact of COVID-19 on patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) was administered. Demographics, disease activity status, therapy, occupational exposure, and adherence to social distancing advise were also collected. 916 patients (397 SLE, 182 AAV, 176 SSc, 111 RA, 50 IIM) completed the survey. 148 patients developed at least one symptom compatible with COVID-19 (cough 96, sore throat 64, fever 64, arthromyalgias 59, diarrhea 26, conjunctivitis 18, ageusia/hyposmia, 18). Among the 916 patients, 65 (7.1%) underwent SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab (18 symptomatic and 47 asymptomatic), 2 (0.21%) tested positive, a proportion similar to that observed in the general population of the Veneto region. No deaths occurred. 31 patients (3.4%) withdrew \u22651 medication, mainly immunosuppressants or biologics. Adoption of social distancing was observed by 860 patients (93.9%), including 335 (36.6%) who adopted it before official lockdown. COVID-19 incidence seems to be similar in our cohort compared to the general population. Adherence to therapy and to social distancing advise was high."}, {"pmid": 32209526, "pmcid": "PMC7239366", "title": "Management strategy of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia in the radiology department: a Chinese experience.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["An, Peng", "Ye, Yingjian", "Chen, Min", "Chen, Yuting", "Fan, Wufeng", "Wang, Yong"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209526", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339619, "pmcid": "PMC7194839", "title": "Infection prevention partners up with psychology in a Danish Hospital successfully addressing staffs fear during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Olesen, B", "Gyrup, H B", "Troelstrup, M W", "Marloth, T", "Molmer, M"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339619", "countries": ["Denmark"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438677, "title": "Antibody Tests in Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Kontou, Panagiota I", "Braliou, Georgia G", "Dimou, Niki L", "Nikolopoulos, Georgios", "Bagos, Pantelis G"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438677", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 made imperative the need for diagnostic tests that can identify the infection. Although Nucleic Acid Test (NAT) is considered to be the gold standard, serological tests based on antibodies could be very helpful. However, individual studies are usually inconclusive, thus, a comparison of different tests is needed. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis in PubMed, medRxiv and bioRxiv. We used the bivariate method for meta-analysis of diagnostic tests pooling sensitivities and specificities. We evaluated IgM and IgG tests based on Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Chemiluminescence Enzyme Immunoassays (CLIA), Fluorescence Immunoassays (FIA), and the Lateral Flow Immunoassays (LFIA). We identified 38 studies containing data from 7848 individuals. Tests using the S antigen are more sensitive than N antigen-based tests. IgG tests perform better compared to IgM ones and show better sensitivity when the samples were taken longer after the onset of symptoms. Moreover, a combined IgG/IgM test seems to be a better choice in terms of sensitivity than measuring either antibody alone. All methods yield high specificity with some of them (ELISA and LFIA) reaching levels around 99%. ELISA- and CLIA-based methods perform better in terms of sensitivity (90%-94%) followed by LFIA and FIA with sensitivities ranging from 80% to 89%. ELISA tests could be a safer choice at this stage of the pandemic. LFIA tests are more attractive for large seroprevalence studies but show lower sensitivity, and this should be taken into account when designing and performing seroprevalence studies."}, {"pmid": 32453702, "title": "Procoagulation, hypercoagulation and fibrinolytic \"shut down\" detected with ClotPro(R) viscoelastic tests in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Zatroch, Istvan", "Smudla, Aniko", "Babik, Barna", "Tanczos, Krisztian", "Kobori, Laszlo", "Szabo, Zsuzsanna", "Fazakas, Janos"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453702", "countries": ["Hungary"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "International data indicate that arterial, venous and microvascular thrombosis or disseminated intravascular coagulation occur in more than 30% of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. This condition is characterized by high levels of D-dimer and fibrinogen, prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time. Blood samples from three COVID-19 patients treated in a Hungarian intensive care unit were collected and analyzed with ClotPro\u00ae tests. EX-tests, IN-test, FIB-tests, RVV-tests, and TPA-tests were performed. The results were interpreted with respect to the clinical condition of the patients. Procoagulation, hypercoagulation and either fibrinolysis or a \"shut down\" phenomenon of the fibrinolytic process were found with ClotPro\u00ae. The ClotPro\u00ae parameters were consistent with the conventional coagulation tests and corresponded with the criteria of non-overt disseminated intravascular coagulation. These findings encourage further investigations to elucidate the underlying pathophysiology of thromboembolic events in COVID-19 patients and may support the introduction of full dose anticoagulation with or without antiplatelet therapy. Interventional clinical trials may be helpful in defining the appropriate drug(s), for this purpose, the algorithms of administration, and the optimal duration of therapy. At present, the authorization of a clinical trial that attempts to answer these questions is in progress. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(22): 899-907."}, {"pmid": 32366767, "pmcid": "PMC7219841", "title": "Real-Time Remote Surveillance of Doffing during COVID-19 Pandemic: Enhancing Safety of Health Care Workers.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Singh, Ajay", "Naik, B Naveen", "Soni, Shiv Lal", "Puri, G D"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366767", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515372, "title": "Resource husbandry in challenging times.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Agrawal, Upasana", "Khandelwal, Deepak", "Kalra, Sanjay", "Dhingra, Atul"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515372", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put a huge pressure on healthcare systems across the globe, more so in developing countries. Not only patients of acute febrile illness and respiratory problems but also patients with other acute and chronic diseases are facing challenges while seeking healthcare, getting laboratory investigations done and obtaining medications. Healthcare workers have their challenges including limited resources, lack of personal protective equipments, and fear of contracting COVID-19. Resource husbandry, which refers to the judicious use of available stocks, is a vital concept that needs to be promoted during such challenging times to combat the shortage of medical resources while simultaneously providing effective treatment to the patients. Some easily implementable concepts of resource husbandry can have a significant impact and result in minimising trouble for many patients during a challenging time."}, {"pmid": 32491976, "title": "School Nurses on the Front Lines of Healthcare: Infectious Diseases Popularized in the News.", "journal": "NASN Sch Nurse", "authors": ["McNickle, Lauren", "Olympia, Robert P"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491976", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "School nurses may deal with students presenting with symptoms associated with infections popularized in the news. Although rare, the implications of missing or misdiagnosing these infections are potentially life-threatening and devastating. We present three students presenting with febrile illnesses associated with neurologic symptoms, a rash, and fatigue, focusing on the initial assessment and management of these students and their associated \"hot topic\" infection. The authors also discuss two public health organizations, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (https://www.cdc.gov/) and the World Health Organization (https://www.who.int/), online references for the school nurse to research both emerging and common infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32310275, "pmcid": "PMC7188107", "title": "Letter to the Editor: \"Our Response to COVID-19 as Endocrinologists and Diabetologists\".", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Kobaly, Kristen", "Mandel, Susan J", "Cappola, Anne R", "Kim, Caroline S"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310275", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518089, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors launch judicial review over PPE failures.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518089", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278865, "pmcid": "PMC7195351", "title": "Health-Related Quality of Life in Common Variable Immunodeficiency Italian Patients Switched to Remote Assistance During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Pulvirenti, Federica", "Cinetto, Francesco", "Milito, Cinzia", "Bonanni, Livia", "Pesce, Anna Maria", "Leodori, Giorgia", "Garzi, Giulia", "Miglionico, Marzia", "Tabolli, Stefano", "Quinti, Isabella"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278865", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A rapidly expanding pandemic of the new coronavirus has become the focus of global scientific attention. Data are lacking on the impact of the pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on health-related quality of life among patients affected by primary antibody deficiencies (PADs). To identify factors impacting the health-related-quality of life (HRQOL) among Italian patients affected by PADs switched to remote assistance at the time of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The quality of life was surveyed in 158 patients with PADs by the Common Variable Immune Deficiency Quality of Life questionnaire, a disease-specific tool, and by the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, a generic tool to assess the risk of anxiety/depression. Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, we shifted all patients with PADs to home therapy, and activated remote visits. Questionnaires were sent by email 4 weeks later. Common Variable Immune Deficiency Quality of Life questionnaire and 12-item General Health Questionnaire data scores were compared with the same set of data from a survey done in\u00a02017. Of 210 patients, 158 (75%) agreed to participate. The quality of life was worse in the group of patients who were at risk of anxiety/depression at the study time. HRQOL was similar in patients forced to shift from hospital-based to home-based immunoglobulin treatment and in patients who continued their usual home-based replacement. The risk of anxiety/depression is associated with pandemia caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and with patients' fragility, and not with related clinical conditions associated with common variable immune deficiencies. Anxiety about running out of medications is a major new issue. The coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic impacted HRQOL and the risk of anxiety/depression of patients with PADs. The remote assistance program was a useful possibility to limit personal contacts without influencing the HRQOL."}, {"pmid": 32397700, "title": "[Analysis of application of herd immunity as a control strategy for COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wu, Z Y"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397700", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus spreads very fast and is not easy to control. It has spread over 200 countries or territories. China has taken action to implement containment strategies, including active COVID-19 case finding, tracing, and 14-day quarantine of close contacts, and home isolation of 1.39 billion of people countywide for at least 2 weeks, etc. The combination of these strategies has brought the epidemic under control in China. The United Kingdom had deliberately not implemented containment measures for a while, instead opting to allow herd immunity strategy to develop over time. This is a \"do-nothing\" strategy whereby the virus is allowed to move through communities naturally until certain proportion of people has been infected, and the epidemic ends without intervention. The author assesses containment strategies versus this herd immunity strategy in real-world application to the COVID-19 epidemic. The author suggests an innovative strategy to balance controlling the epidemic and preventing impediment to economic and social development."}, {"pmid": 32234101, "pmcid": "PMC7160160", "title": "Age is just a number - and so is frailty: Strategies to inform resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Boreskie, Kevin F", "Boreskie, Patrick E", "Melady, Don"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234101", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339268, "pmcid": "PMC7267581", "title": "Angry viruses make us sick: a child's depiction of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Eur J Immunol", "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339268", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420863, "title": "COVID-19 and animals: What do we know?", "journal": "Turk J Urol", "authors": ["Gonultas, Serkan", "Karabagli, Murat", "Bastug, Yavuz", "Cilesiz, Nusret Can", "Kadioglu, Ates"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420863", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses, which were generally considered harmless to humans before 2003, have appeared again with a pandemic threatening the world since December 2019 after the epidemics of SARS and MERS. It is known that transmission from person to person is the most important way to spread. However, due to the widespread host diversity, a detailed examination of the role of animals in this pandemic is essential to effectively fight against the outbreak. Although coronavirus infections in pets are known to be predominantly related to the gastrointestinal tract, it has been observed that there are human-to-animal transmissions in this outbreak and some animals have similar symptoms to humans. Although animal-to-animal transmission has been shown to be possible, there is no evidence of animal-to-human transmission."}, {"pmid": 32461251, "title": "Emergency department preparation for COVID-19: accelerated care units.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Noble, Jeanne", "Degesys, Nida Felicija", "Kwan, Elizabeth", "Grom, Edward", "Brown, Cortlyn", "Fahimi, Jahan", "Raven, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461251", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "By 11 February 2020 when the WHO named the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease it causes (COVID-19), it was evident that the virus was spreading rapidly outside of China. Although San Francisco did not confirm its first locally transmitted cases until the first week of March, our ED and health system began preparing for a potential COVID-19 surge in late February 2020.In this manuscript, we detail how the above responses were instrumental in the rapid deployment of two military-grade negative-pressure medical tents, named accelerated care units (ACU). We describe engagement of our workforce, logistics of creating new care areas, ensuring safety through personal protective equipment access and conservation, and the adaptive leadership challenges that this process posed.We know of no other comprehensive examples of how EDs have prepared for COVID-19 in the peer-reviewed literature. Many other EDs both in and outside of California have requested access to the details of how we operationalised our ACUs to facilitate their own planning. This demonstrates the urgent need to disseminate this information to our colleagues. Below we describe the process of developing and launching our ACUs as a potential model for other EDs around the country."}, {"pmid": 32479712, "pmcid": "PMC7255391", "title": "An Online Educational Platform in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Yang, Lucy Liu", "Stevens, Jia Liu", "Campbell, Marta Janina"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479712", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400859, "pmcid": "PMC7239212", "title": "Complicated Alcohol Withdrawal-An Unintended Consequence of COVID-19 Lockdown.", "journal": "Alcohol Alcohol", "authors": ["Narasimha, Venkata Lakshmi", "Shukla, Lekhansh", "Mukherjee, Diptadhi", "Menon, Jayakrishnan", "Huddar, Sudheendra", "Panda, Udit Kumar", "Mahadevan, Jayant", "Kandasamy, Arun", "Chand, Prabhat K", "Benegal, Vivek", "Murthy, Pratima"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400859", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the impact of COVID-19-related lockdown in India on alcohol-dependent persons. We examined the change in the incidence of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome presenting to hospitals in the city of Bangalore. A changepoint analysis of the time series data (between 01.01.20 to 11.04.20) showed an increase in the average number of cases from 4 to 8 per day (likelihood ratio test: \u03c72\u00a0=\u00a072, df\u00a0=\u00a02, P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). An unintended consequence of the lockdown was serious illness in some patients with alcohol use disorders."}, {"pmid": 32507120, "title": "COVID-19-Defining an invisible enemy within healthcare and the community.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Musa, Saif", "Sivaramakrishnan, Anand", "Paget, Stephanie", "El-Mugamar, Husam"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507120", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304463, "pmcid": "PMC7179054", "title": "COVID-19 putting patients at risk of unplanned extubation and airway providers at increased risk of contamination.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Berkow, Lauren", "Kanowitz, Arthur"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304463", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32023678, "title": "[Facing the pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus infections: the pediatric perspectives].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Fang, F", "Luo, X P"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023678", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393088, "title": "Response to Wang et al., Virtual Reality as a Bridge in Palliative Care during COVID-19 (DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2020.0212).", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Niki, Kazuyuki", "Okamoto, Yoshiaki", "Ueda, Mikiko"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393088", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279318, "pmcid": "PMC7262051", "title": "Should Institutions Disclose the Names of Employees with Covid-19?", "journal": "Hastings Cent Rep", "authors": ["Sulmasy, Daniel P", "Veatch, Robert M"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279318", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prestigious University is a large, private educational institution with a medical school, a university hospital, a law school, and graduate and undergraduate colleges all on a single campus. In the face of the Covid-19 pandemic, students were told during spring break to return to campus only briefly to retrieve their belongings. Classes then went online. On March 23, 2020, the faculty, students, and staff were emailed the following by the university's director of infection control and public health: We have become aware that a Prestigious University staff member has tested positive for the virus that causes Covid-19. The individual, who was last on campus on March 16, is now in isolation at their permanent residence and is doing well clinically. The university has already identified those members of our community who may have been in close contact with this individual, and we are working to notify them. Further, this individual's local health department has a protocol for identifying people who have been in direct contact with anyone testing positive for Covid-19 (such as this Prestigious University staff member) so that they can self-quarantine and watch for COVID-19 symptoms for a period of 14 days from their last contact with the infected individual. A professor in the Philosophy Department has asked the ethicists at the medical school whether such contact tracing suffices. \"Don't the members of the community deserve to know who this is? Isn't there a mandate to identify this person in order to maximize public health benefits and slow the spread of this deadly virus?\""}, {"pmid": 32451881, "pmcid": "PMC7246297", "title": "A DNA Aptamer Based Method for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Chen, Zhiqiang", "Wu, Qihan", "Chen, Jing", "Ni, Xiaohua", "Dai, Jianfeng"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451881", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303331, "pmcid": "PMC7156241", "title": "Covid-19, the pandemic war: Implication for neurologists.", "journal": "Rev Neurol (Paris)", "authors": ["de Seze, J", "Lebrun-Frenay, C"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303331", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233018, "pmcid": "PMC7228318", "title": "Covid-19 and diabetes mellitus: unveiling the interaction of two pandemics.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Res Rev", "authors": ["Maddaloni, Ernesto", "Buzzetti, Raffaella"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233018", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel RNA betacoronavirus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has now been declared pandemic disease by WHO. Guo et al published the first report of biochemical features in patients with diabetes and the further risk that this disease can determine to the progression of Covid-19. Among different cytokines found significantly higher in patients with diabetes compared to those without, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), which is already increased in conditions of chronic inflammation, may play a more deleterious role in Covid-19 infection. Targeting the overexpression of Il-6 effects with a monoclonal antibody against IL-6 receptor or using Janus Kinase inhibitors may be particularly helpful for treatment of Covid-19 pneumonia in diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32374264, "pmcid": "PMC7224168", "title": "Delivering Benefits at Speed Through Real-World Repurposing of Off-Patent Drugs: The COVID-19 Pandemic as a Case in Point.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Rogosnitzky, Moshe", "Berkowitz, Esther", "Jadad, Alejandro R"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374264", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Real-world drug repurposing-the immediate \"off-label\" prescribing of drugs to address urgent clinical needs-is a widely overlooked opportunity. Off-label prescribing (ie, for a nonapproved indication) is legal in most countries and tends to shift the burden of liability and cost to physicians and patients, respectively. Nevertheless, health crises may mean that real-world repurposing is the only realistic source for solutions. Optimal real-world repurposing requires a track record of safety, affordability, and access for drug candidates. Although thousands of such drugs are already available, there is no central repository of off-label uses to facilitate immediate identification and selection of potentially useful interventions during public health crises. Using the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic as an example, we provide a glimpse of the extensive literature that supports the rationale behind six generic drugs, in four classes, all of which are affordable, supported by decades of safety data, and targeted toward the underlying pathophysiology that makes COVID-19 so deadly. This paper briefly summarizes why cimetidine or famotidine, dipyridamole, fenofibrate or bezafibrate, and sildenafil citrate are worth considering for patients with COVID-19. Clinical trials to assess efficacy are already underway for famotidine, dipyridamole, and sildenafil, and further trials of all these agents will be important in due course. These examples also reveal the unlimited opportunity to future-proof our health care systems by proactively mining, synthesizing, cataloging, and evaluating the off-label treatment opportunities of thousands of safe, well-established, and affordable generic drugs."}, {"pmid": 32526625, "title": "Multimorbidity and SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK Biobank.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Chudasama, Yogini V", "Gillies, Clare L", "Appiah, Karen", "Zaccardi, Francesco", "Razieh, Cameron", "Davies, Melanie J", "Yates, Thomas", "Khunti, Kamlesh"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526625", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348077, "title": "Impact in the Fight Against COVID-19.", "journal": "WMJ", "authors": ["Kerschner, Joseph E"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348077", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476189, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and Vitamin D deficiency - a double trouble.", "journal": "Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed", "authors": ["Alpalhao, Miguel", "Filipe, Paulo"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476189", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398219, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors make bid for public inquiry into lack of PPE for frontline workers.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Clare"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398219", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359411, "pmcid": "PMC7190298", "title": "COVID-19 and obesity-lack of clarity, guidance, and implications for care.", "journal": "Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol", "authors": ["Flint, Stuart William", "Tahrani, Abd A"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359411", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479865, "pmcid": "PMC7258847", "title": "Lack of Antiviral Activity of Darunavir against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["De Meyer, Sandra", "Bojkova, Denisa", "Cinatl, Jindrich", "Van Damme, Ellen", "Meng, Christophe Buyck", "Van Loock, Marnix", "Woodfall, Brian", "Ciesek, Sandra"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479865", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the high need and the absence of specific antivirals for treatment of COVID-19 (the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus-2 [SARS-CoV-2]), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease inhibitors are being considered as therapeutic alternatives. Prezcobix/Rezolsta is a fixed-dose combination of 800mg of the HIV protease inhibitor darunavir (DRV) and 150mg cobicistat, a CYP3A4 inhibitor, which is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV infection. There are currently no definitive data on the safety and efficacy of DRV/cobicistat for treatment of COVID-19. The in vitro antiviral activity of darunavir against a clinical isolate from a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 was assessed. DRV showed no activity against SARS-CoV-2 at clinically relevant concentrations (EC50 >100\u03bcM). Remdesivir, used as a positive control, showed potent antiviral activity (EC50=0.38\u03bcM). Overall, the data do not support the use of DRV for treatment of COVID-19."}]