[{"pmid": 32363205, "pmcid": "PMC7184112", "title": "Epidemiological features and medical care-seeking process of patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "ERJ Open Res", "authors": ["Hua, Jing", "Chen, Rongzhang", "Zhao, Liming", "Wu, Xiaodong", "Guo, Qian", "He, Chunfeng", "Li, Tian", "Ren, Xiaoyu", "Liu, Zhongmin", "Li, Qiang", "Wang, Feilong"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363205", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinical features, and medical care-seeking process of patients with the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, to provide useful information to contain COVID-19 in other places with similar outbreaks of the virus. We collected epidemiological and clinical information of patients with COVID-19 admitted to a makeshift Fangcang hospital between 7 and 26 February, 2020. The waiting time of each step during the medical care-seeking process was also analysed. Of the 205 patients with COVID-19 infection, 31% had presumed transmission from a family member. 10% of patients had hospital-related transmission. It took as long as a median of 6\u2005days from the first medical visit to receive the COVID-19 nucleic acid test and 10\u2005days from the first medical visit to hospital admission, indicating early recognition of COVID-19 was not achieved at the early stage of the outbreak, although these delays were shortened later. After clinical recovery from COVID-19, which took a mean of 21\u2005days from illness onset, there was still a substantial proportion of patients who had persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection. The diagnostic evaluation process of suspected patients needs to be accelerated at the epicentre of the outbreak and early isolation of infected patients in a healthcare setting rather than at home is urgently required to stop the spread of the virus. Clinical recovery is not an appropriate criterion to release isolated patients and as long as 4\u2005weeks' isolation for patients with COVID-19 is not enough to prevent the spread of the virus."}, {"pmid": 32411313, "pmcid": "PMC7221383", "title": "FAVORABLE ANAKINRA RESPONSES IN SEVERE COVID-19 PATIENTS WITH SECONDARY HEMOPHAGOCYTIC LYMPHOHISTIOCYTOSIS.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Dimopoulos, George", "de Mast, Quirijn", "Markou, Nikolaos", "Theodorakopoulou, Maria", "Komnos, Apostolos", "Mouktaroudi, Maria", "Netea, Mihai G", "Spyridopoulos, Themistoklis", "Verheggen, Rebecca J", "Hoogerwerf, Jacobien", "Lachana, Alexandra", "van de Veerdonk, Frank L", "Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411313", "countries": ["Greece"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dysregulation of inflammation is hypothesized to play a crucial role in the severe complications of COVID-19, with IL-1/IL-6 pathway being central. Here, we report on the treatment of eight severe COVID-19 pneumonia patients-- seven hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) in Greece and one non-ICU patient in the Netherlands-- with the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist Anakinra. All patients scored positive for the hemophagocytosis score (HScore) and were diagnosed with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis (sHLH) characterized by pancytopenia, hyper-coagulation, acute kidney injury and hepatobiliary dysfunction. At the end-of-treatment, ICU patients had less need for vasopressors, significantly improved respiratory function and lower HScore. Although three patients died, the mortality was lower than historical series of patients with sHLH in sepsis. These data suggest that administration of Anakinra may be beneficial for treating severe COVID-19 patients with sHLH as determined by the HScore and support the need for larger clinical studies to validate this concept."}, {"pmid": 32422208, "pmcid": "PMC7228878", "title": "Associations between Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Use, Gastrointestinal Symptoms, and Mortality among Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Tan, Nian-Di", "Qiu, Yun", "Xing, Xiang-Bin", "Ghosh, Subrata", "Chen, Min-Hu", "Mao, Ren"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422208", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533674, "title": "Pharmaceutical care to hospital outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic. Telepharmacy.", "journal": "Farm Hosp", "authors": ["Margusino-Framinan, Luis", "Illarro-Uranga, Aitziber", "Lorenzo-Lorenzo, Karina", "Monte-Boquet, Emilio", "Marquez-Saavedra, Esther", "Fernandez-Bargiela, Noelia", "Gomez-Gomez, David", "Lago-Rivero, Natividad", "Poveda-Andres, Jose Luis", "Diaz-Acedo, Rocio", "Hurtado-Bouza, Juan Luis", "Sanchez-Gundin, Julia", "Casanova-Martinez, Cristina", "Morillo-Verdugo, Ramon"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533674", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hospital Pharmacy Service (HPS) in Spain have been impacted by the\u00a0health\u00a0 crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, the outbreak has\u00a0forced HPSs to adapt their outpatient consultation services to Telepharmacy\u00a0to optimize clinical\u00a0 outcomes and reduce the risk of contagion. The purpose\u00a0of this article is to\u00a0 describe and analyze the experience of HPSs with outpatient\u00a0Telepharmacy\u00a0 during the COVID-19 pandemic and expose the lessons\u00a0learned. Measures have\u00a0 been adopted in on-site outpatient pharmacy\u00a0clinics to prevent exposure of\u00a0 patients and professionals to the virus. These\u00a0measures are based on national\u00a0 and international recommendations on\u00a0social distancing and hygiene. With\u00a0 regard to remote outpatient pharmacy\u00a0services, teleconsultation with drug\u00a0 dispensing has been promoted based\u00a0on five basic procedures, each with its\u00a0 advantages and limitations: home\u00a0drug delivery from HPSs, with the advantage\u00a0 of universal access and the\u00a0limitation of entailing a substantial investment in\u00a0 resources; HPS coordination\u00a0with primary care pharmacists, which requires no\u00a0 investments but with limited\u00a0access to some geographic areas; HPS coordination with community pharmacists based on a large network of pharmacies, which\u00a0 requires the patient to go to the pharmacy, without confidentiality being\u00a0 guaranteed for any patient; geolocation and hospital-based medication\u00a0 dispensing, which provides universal access and direct traceability, but entails\u00a0 investment in human resources; and HPS coordination with associations of\u00a0 patients, which does not entail any additional cost but limits the information\u00a0 available on the diseases of society members. Three main lessons have been learned during the pandemic: the satisfactory capacity of HPS to provide outpatient pharmacy consultation services in the setting of a public health crisis; the usefulness of Telepharmacy for the clinical follow-up, healthcare coordination, outpatient counseling, and informed dispensing and delivery of\u00a0 medication (with a high level of satisfaction among patients); and the need to\u00a0 foster Telepharmacy as a complementary tool through a mixed model of\u00a0 outpatient pharmacy consultation service that incorporates the advantages of\u00a0 each procedure and adapts to the individual needs of each patient in a context of humanized healthcare."}, {"pmid": 32487719, "title": "Another changing of the guard at OEM, this time during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Sim, Malcolm Ross"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487719", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285221, "pmcid": "PMC7153351", "title": "Contracting HIV or Contracting SAR-CoV-2 (COVID- 19) in Pregnancy? Balancing the Risks and Benefits.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Joseph Davey, Dvora", "Bekker, Linda-Gail", "Coates, Thomas J", "Myer, Landon"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285221", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371189, "pmcid": "PMC7172751", "title": "Reply to letter to the editor regarding article: Estimation of effects of nationwide lockdown for containing coronavirus infection on worsening of glycosylated haemoglobin and increase in diabetes-related complications: A simulation model using multivariate regression analysis (Ghosal et al.).", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Ghosal, Samit"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371189", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512611, "title": "Endocrine Conditions and COVID-19.", "journal": "Horm Metab Res", "authors": ["Shekhar, Skand", "Wurth, Rachel", "Kamilaris, Crystal D C", "Eisenhofer, Graeme", "Barrera, Francisco J", "Hajdenberg, Michelle", "Tonleu, Joselyne", "Hall, Janet E", "Schiffrin, Ernesto L", "Porter, Forbes", "Stratakis, Constantine A", "Hannah-Shmouni, Fady"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512611", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic by the WHO and has affected millions of patients around the world. COVID-19 disproportionately affects persons with endocrine conditions, thus putting them at an increased risk for severe disease. We discuss the mechanisms that place persons with endocrine conditions at an additional risk for severe COVID-19 and review the evidence. We also suggest precautions and management of endocrine conditions in the setting of global curfews being imposed and offer practical tips for uninterrupted endocrine care."}, {"pmid": 32270532, "pmcid": "PMC7262087", "title": "Letter from China.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["Guan, Wei-Jie", "Zhong, Nan-Shan"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270532", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455170, "pmcid": "PMC7234865", "title": "Understanding COVID-19 in children may provide clues to protect at-risk populations.", "journal": "BMJ Paediatr Open", "authors": ["Do, Lien Anh Ha", "Anderson, Jeremy", "Sutton, Philip", "Pellicci, Daniel G", "Mulholland, Kim", "Licciardi, Paul V"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455170", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423583, "pmcid": "PMC7200129", "title": "Acute limb ischaemia in two young, non-atherosclerotic patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Perini, Paolo", "Nabulsi, Bilal", "Massoni, Claudio Bianchini", "Azzarone, Matteo", "Freyrie, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423583", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308260, "pmcid": "PMC7163166", "title": "Are Surgeons in India prepared for COVID-19?", "journal": "Indian J Surg", "authors": ["Bhattacharya, Kaushik"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308260", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303584, "title": "European Society of Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) recommendations for optimal interventional neurovascular management in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Neurointerv Surg", "authors": ["Aggour, Mohamed", "White, Phil", "Kulcsar, Zsolt", "Fiehler, Jens", "Brouwer, Patrick"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303584", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359916, "pmcid": "PMC7194999", "title": "From the editors: The COVID-19 crisis and its implications for pediatric surgeons.", "journal": "J Pediatr Surg", "authors": ["Davenport, Mark", "Pakarinen, Mikko P", "Tam, Paul", "Laje, Pablo", "Holcomb, George W 3rd"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359916", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352401, "title": "Clinical features, laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): Early report from the United States.", "journal": "Diagnosis (Berl)", "authors": ["Aggarwal, Saurabh", "Garcia-Telles, Nelson", "Aggarwal, Gaurav", "Lavie, Carl", "Lippi, Giuseppe", "Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352401", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2), is an ongoing pandemic that has already affected millions of patients worldwide, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality burden. Although the clinical and laboratory characteristics of this illness have been reported in patients from China and Europe, data are scant in the United States. Methods We extracted data regarding all patients hospitalized at our hospital with COVID-19 infection between March 1 and April 4, 2020. Presenting signs and symptoms, laboratory and imaging findings, treatment, and complications were recorded from electronic medical records (EMRs). The primary composite endpoint was admission to intensive care unit (ICU), shock, or death. Results We had a total of 43 patients tested for COVID-19 at the emergency room (ER) or during hospitalization, 16 (37%) of whom were admitted with COVID-19 infection. The mean age was 65.5 years and 75% were males. The most common presenting symptoms were fever (94%), cough (88%), and dyspnea (81%). A loss of smell and taste sensations were reported by three (19%) patients. Low oxygen saturation was present in 38% of patients, whilst 31% were hypotensive on admission. Hyponatremia (50%), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP; 100%), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; 80%) were common. Acute renal failure, myocardial injury, and elevation in aminotransferases occurred in 69%, 19%, and 38% patients, respectively. The primary composite endpoint occurred in 50% of patients. A total of three patients died; all were aged 70 years or older. Conclusions Laboratory abnormalities and acute renal failure were common in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV2 infection in our center. Admission to ICU and mechanical ventilation were common."}, {"pmid": 32334062, "pmcid": "PMC7175848", "title": "Current status of potential therapeutic candidates for the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Zhang, Jiancheng", "Xie, Bing", "Hashimoto, Kenji"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334062", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of April 15, 2020, the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic has swept through 213 countries and infected more than 1,870,000 individuals, posing an unprecedented threat to international health and the economy. There is currently no specific treatment available for patients with COVID-19 infection. The lessons learned from past management of respiratory viral infections have provided insights into treating COVID-19. Numerous potential therapies, including supportive intervention, immunomodulatory agents, antiviral therapy, and convalescent plasma transfusion, have been tentatively applied in clinical settings. A number of these therapies have provided substantially curative benefits in treating patients with COVID-19 infection. Furthermore, intensive research and clinical trials are underway to assess the efficacy of existing drugs and identify potential therapeutic targets to develop new drugs for treating COVID-19. Herein, we summarize the current potential therapeutic approaches for diseases related to COVID-19 infection and introduce their mechanisms of action, safety, and effectiveness."}, {"pmid": 32285862, "title": "From the handling of an outbreak by an unknown pathogen in Wuhan to the preparedness and response in the face of the emergence of Covid-19 in Mexico.", "journal": "Gac Med Mex", "authors": ["Lopez-Ortiz, Eduardo", "Lopez-Ortiz, Geovani", "Mendiola-Pastrana, Indira R", "Mazon-Ramirez, Juan J", "Diaz-Quinonez, Jose A"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285862", "countries": ["China", "Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the Chinese health authorities informed the international community, through the mechanisms established by the World Health Organization (WHO), of a pneumonia epidemic of unknown etiology in Wuhan, Hubei Province. The first cases were reported early in that month and were linked to a history of having visited a market where food and live animals are sold. On January 7, 2020, isolation and identification of the culprit pathogen was achieved using next-generation sequencing, while the number of affected subjects continued to rise. The publication of full-genomes of the newly identified coronavirus (initially called 2019-nCoV, now called SARS-CoV2) in public and private databases, of standardized diagnostic protocols and of the clinical-epidemiological information generated will allow addressing the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC), declared on January 30 by the WHO. With this document, we intend to contribute to the characterization of the pneumonia epidemic, now designated coronavirus disease (Covid-19) review the strengths Mexico has in the global health concert and invite health professionals to join the preparedness and response activities in the face of this emergency."}, {"pmid": 32120170, "pmcid": "PMC7133610", "title": "Psychological crisis interventions in Sichuan Province during the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Zhou, Xiaobo"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32120170", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464157, "pmcid": "PMC7247510", "title": "Cutaneous hyperesthesia: A novel manifestation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Krajewski, Piotr K", "Szepietowski, Jacek C", "Maj, Joanna"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464157", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461198, "title": "COVID-19, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases: Should we change the therapy?", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Tadic, Marijana", "Cuspidi, Cesare", "Mancia, Giuseppe", "Dell'Oro, Raffaella", "Grassi, Guido"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461198", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread all around the world in a very short period of time. Recent data are showing significant prevalence of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) among patients with COVID-19, which raised many questions about higher susceptibility of patients with these comorbidities to the novel coronavirus, as well as the role of hypertension and CVD in progression and the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. There is a very limited amount of data, usually obtained from a small population, regarding the effect of the underlying disease on the outcome in patients with COVID-19. The evaluation of the treatment of these comorbidities at baseline and during COVID-19 is scarce and the results are conflicting. Hypertension and CVD, after the adjustment for other clinical and demographic parameters, primarily age, did not remain independent predictors of the lethal outcome in COVID-19 patients. Some investigations speculated about the association between the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and susceptibility to COVID-19, as well as the relationship between RAAS inhibitors and the adverse outcome in these patients. Withdrawing or switching RAAS inhibitors would have uncertain benefits, but it would definitely have many disadvantages such as uncontrolled hypertension, cardiac function deterioration and renal function impairment, which could potentially induce more complications in patients with COVID-19 than the infection of coronavirus itself. The aim of this review article was to summarize the prevalence of hypertension and CVD in patients with COVID-19, their influence on the outcome and the effect of treatment of hypertension and CVD in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32314798, "pmcid": "PMC7264585", "title": "COVID-19 infection in patients with sickle cell disease.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Hussain, Faiz A", "Njoku, Franklin U", "Saraf, Santosh L", "Molokie, Robert E", "Gordeuk, Victor R", "Han, Jin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314798", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400235, "title": "The role of lower respiratory tract samples in the diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Williams, Tom G S", "Snell, Luke B", "Taj, Usman", "Douthwaite, Sam T"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400235", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342675, "title": "COVID-19, A and Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis.", "journal": "Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanikit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342675", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410238, "pmcid": "PMC7272875", "title": "Readaptation of surgical practice during COVID-19 outbreak: what has been done, what is missing and what to expect.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Berardi, G", "Levi Sandri, G B", "Colasanti, M", "Ettorre, G M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410238", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349013, "pmcid": "PMC7202111", "title": "COVID-19 Reveals Why We Need Physician-Advocates Now.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Cantave, Melissa", "Perlson, Jacob", "Lewis, Chad", "Byers, Brianna"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349013", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419875, "pmcid": "PMC7225716", "title": "[Antibody tests for COVID-19: What the results tell us].", "journal": "Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwes", "authors": ["Horvath, Karl", "Semlitsch, Thomas", "Jeitler, Klaus", "Krause, Robert", "Siebenhofer, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419875", "countries": ["Germany", "Austria"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the detection of virus-specific antibodies (AB) will play an increasing role. The presence or absence of such antibodies can potentially lead to considerations regarding immunity and infection. How reliable are inferences from positive or negative test results regarding the actual presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies? Calculation of the probability that, depending on the pretest probability (prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection) and test properties, antibodies are present or absent in the case of positive or negative test results. Sensitivity and specificity of different SARS-CoV-2 AB test systems vary between 53\u00a0% and 94\u00a0% and between 91\u00a0% and 99.5\u00a0%, respectively. When using a test with high test quality, the positive predictive value (PPV) is 42\u00a0% and 7\u00a09%, respectively, with a pre-test probability of 1\u00a0% to 5\u00a0%, as can currently be assumed for the general population in Austria or Germany. For persons with an increased pre-test probability of 20\u00a0%, e.\u00a0g. persons from high-risk professions, the PPW is 95\u00a0%, with a pre-test probability of 80\u00a0% the PPW is almost 100\u00a0%. The negative predictive value (NPV) is at least 99.7\u00a0% for persons with a low pre-test probability of up to 5\u00a0% and 79.1\u00a0% for persons with a pre-test probability of 80\u00a0%. When using test systems with lower sensitivity and specificity, the reliability of the results decreases considerably. The PPV is 5.9\u00a0% with a pre-test probability of 1\u00a0%. A sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity are prerequisites for the application of antibody test systems. Positive test results are often false if the pre-test probability is low. Depending on the assumed prevalence of a SARS-CoV-2 infection, there are substantial differences in the significance of a concrete test result for the respective affected persons."}, {"pmid": 32181680, "pmcid": "PMC7172571", "title": "The Role of the American Heart Association in the Global COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Elkind, Mitchell S V", "Harrington, Robert A", "Benjamin, Ivor J"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181680", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347566, "pmcid": "PMC7267653", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on blood centres in Zhejiang province China.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Wang, Yongjun", "Han, Wenjuan", "Pan, Lingling", "Wang, Cuier", "Liu, Yan", "Hu, Wei", "Zhou, Huapin", "Zheng, Xiaofan"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347566", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected millions of people. A 'closed-off management' protocol has been launched nationwide in China to cope with this major public health emergency. However, these procedures may cause a crisis for blood donation and blood supply. In this study, we assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood donation and supply in Zhejiang province, which could provide reference and insight for developing countermeasures in other countries. Blood donor and supply information from 38 blood centres during the Spring Festival of 2019 and 2020 were reviewed. A self-administered questionnaire was carried out. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of whole blood donors dropped by 67%. The success rate of recruitment for donations dropped by 60%. Most respondents (81\u00b72%) were worried about the 'possibility of acquiring COVID-19 during blood donation'. The total amount of RBCs supply dropped by 65%. In the first week of the outbreak, the weekly amount of issued RBC units (10171\u00b75\u00a0u) was almost six times higher than the collected units (1347\u00b75\u00a0u). The mean haemoglobin value for RBCs transfusion was about 6\u00b73\u00a0g/dl. About 4% of RBCs and 2\u00b78% of frozen plasma were used in COVID-19 patients. The secondary consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are blood shortages caused by the unavailability of blood donors, and this is likely to be replicated in many countries with high burdens of COVID-19. Practical actions to broaden sources and reduce\u00a0use for the global crisis must be taken proactively."}, {"pmid": 32476793, "pmcid": "PMC7243650", "title": "Liver diseases in COVID-19: Etiology, treatment and prognosis.", "journal": "World J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Wu, Jian", "Song, Shu", "Cao, Hong-Cui", "Li, Lan-Juan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476793", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Wuhan, China causing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Numerous studies have shown varying degrees of liver damage in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, in previous case studies of COVID-19, the exact cause of liver injury has not been clearly elucidated, nor is there clear evidence of the interaction between liver injury and COVID-19. This study will analyze the causes of liver injury in COVID-19 and the influence of liver-related complications on the treatment and prognosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32269090, "pmcid": "PMC7144268", "title": "Managing the supportive care needs of those affected by COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Bajwah, Sabrina", "Wilcock, Andrew", "Towers, Richard", "Costantini, Massimo", "Bausewein, Claudia", "Simon, Steffen T", "Bendstrup, Elisabeth", "Prentice, Wendy", "Johnson, Miriam J", "Currow, David C", "Kreuter, Michael", "Wells, Athol U", "Birring, Surinder S", "Edmonds, Polly", "Higginson, Irene J"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269090", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32088344, "pmcid": "PMC7119083", "title": "COVID-19: A critical care perspective informed by lessons learnt from other viral epidemics.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Ling, Lowell", "Joynt, Gavin M", "Lipman, Jeff", "Constantin, Jean-Michel", "Joannes-Boyau, Olivier"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088344", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212513, "title": "The Trial of Chloroquine in the Treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 COVID-19 and Its Research Progress in Forensic Toxicology.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Duan, Y J", "Liu, Q", "Zhao, S Q", "Huang, F", "Ren, L", "Liu, L", "Zhou, Y W"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212513", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Autopsy of patients who died of infectious diseases is of significance for public health management. Few forensic autopsies have been performed since the outbreak of the corona virus disease 2019 \uff08COVID-19\uff09 due to some limitations, thus forensic pathological examination failed to contribute to the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Virtual autopsy has unique advantages in the forensic examination of patients who died of infectious diseases. Accumulated virtual autopsy image data are of great value to the study of the pathological mechanism and diagnosis of COVID-19. This article reviews the relationship between imaging changes and pathology of the COVID-19 as well as the application of virtual autopsy in autopsy of patients who died of infectious diseases, in order to provide reference for performing virtual autopsy in the outbreak of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32517845, "title": "The basic reproduction number and prediction of the epidemic size of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in Shahroud, Iran.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Khosravi, A", "Chaman, R", "Rohani-Rasaf, M", "Zare, F", "Mehravaran, S", "Emamian, M H"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517845", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376057, "pmcid": "PMC7172912", "title": "[Management of CO2 absorbent while using the anesthesia machine as a mechanical ventilator on patients with COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Bras Anestesiol", "authors": ["Torres, Marcelo Luis Abramides", "Canhisares, Fernando Augusto Tavares", "Quintao, Vinicius Caldeira"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376057", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464309, "pmcid": "PMC7237947", "title": "Type I interferons can be detected in respiratory swabs from SARS-Cov-2 infected patients.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Antonelli, Guido", "Turriziani, Ombretta", "Pierangeli, Alessandra", "d'Ettorre, Gabriella", "Galardo, Gioacchino", "Pugliese, Francesco", "Mastroianni, Claudio M", "Scagnolari, Carolina"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464309", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383812, "pmcid": "PMC7273059", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and Multiple Sclerosis: Not All Immune Depleting DMTs are Equal or Bad.", "journal": "Ann Neurol", "authors": ["Amor, Sandra", "Baker, David", "Khoury, Samia J", "Schmierer, Klaus", "Giovanonni, Gavin"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383812", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387409, "pmcid": "PMC7199729", "title": "Early treatment of COVID-19 patients with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin: A retrospective analysis of 1061 cases in Marseille, France.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Million, Matthieu", "Lagier, Jean-Christophe", "Gautret, Philippe", "Colson, Philippe", "Fournier, Pierre-Edouard", "Amrane, Sophie", "Hocquart, Marie", "Mailhe, Morgane", "Esteves-Vieira, Vera", "Doudier, Barbara", "Aubry, Camille", "Correard, Florian", "Giraud-Gatineau, Audrey", "Roussel, Yanis", "Berenger, Cyril", "Cassir, Nadim", "Seng, Piseth", "Zandotti, Christine", "Dhiver, Catherine", "Ravaux, Isabelle", "Tomei, Christelle", "Eldin, Carole", "Tissot-Dupont, Herve", "Honore, Stephane", "Stein, Andreas", "Jacquier, Alexis", "Deharo, Jean-Claude", "Chabriere, Eric", "Levasseur, Anthony", "Fenollar, Florence", "Rolain, Jean-Marc", "Obadia, Yolande", "Brouqui, Philippe", "Drancourt, Michel", "La Scola, Bernard", "Parola, Philippe", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387409", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In France, the combination hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZ) is used in the treatment of COVID-19. We retrospectively report on 1061 SARS-CoV-2 positive tested patients treated for at least three days with the following regimen: HCQ (200\u00a0mg three times daily for ten days)\u00a0+\u00a0AZ (500\u00a0mg on day 1 followed by 250\u00a0mg daily for the next four days). Outcomes were death, clinical worsening (transfer to ICU, and >10 day hospitalization) and viral shedding persistence (>10 days). A total of 1061 patients were included in this analysis (46.4% male, mean age 43.6 years - range 14-95 years). Good clinical outcome and virological cure were obtained in 973 patients within 10 days (91.7%). Prolonged viral carriage was observed in 47 patients (4.4%) and was associated to a higher viral load at diagnosis (p\u00a0<\u00a0.001) but viral culture was negative at day 10. All but one, were PCR-cleared at day 15. A poor clinical outcome (PClinO) was observed for 46 patients (4.3%) and 8 died (0.75%) (74-95 years old). All deaths resulted from respiratory failure and not from cardiac toxicity. Five patients are still hospitalized (98.7% of patients cured so far). PClinO was associated with older age (OR 1.11), severity of illness at admission (OR 10.05) and low HCQ serum concentration. PClinO was independently associated with the use of selective beta-blocking agents and angiotensin II receptor blockers (p\u00a0<\u00a0.05). A total of 2.3% of patients reported mild adverse events (gastrointestinal or skin symptoms, headache, insomnia and transient blurred vision). Administration of the HCQ+AZ combination before COVID-19 complications occur is safe and associated with a very low fatality rate in patients."}, {"pmid": 32487869, "title": "COVID-19 and myocardial injury: is there a role for interleukin-1 inhibition?", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown)", "authors": ["Imazio, Massimo", "Andreis, Alessandro", "De Ferrari, Gaetano Maria"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487869", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236983, "title": "Why the immune system fails to mount an adaptive immune response to a COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Transpl Int", "authors": ["Ahmadpoor, Pedram", "Rostaing, Lionel"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236983", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488837, "pmcid": "PMC7266418", "title": "Possible long-term endocrine-metabolic complications in COVID-19: lesson from the SARS model.", "journal": "Endocrine", "authors": ["Mongioi, Laura M", "Barbagallo, Federica", "Condorelli, Rosita A", "Cannarella, Rossella", "Aversa, Antonio", "La Vignera, Sandro", "Calogero, Aldo E"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488837", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is centralizing the interest of the scientific world. In the next months, long-term consequences on the endocrine system may arise following COVID-19. In this article, we hypothesized the effects of SARS-CoV-2 taking into account what learned from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) that caused SARS in 2003."}, {"pmid": 32358120, "title": "How related is SARS-CoV-2 to other coronaviruses?", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Chen, Nanhua", "Li, Xinshuai", "Li, Shubin", "Xiao, Yanzhao", "Ye, Mengxue", "Yan, Xilin", "Li, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358120", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485391, "pmcid": "PMC7260536", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine-azithromycin for COVID-19 - Warranted or dangerous?", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Popescu, Corneliu P", "Fischer, Philip R"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485391", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502334, "title": "False Negative Tests for SARS-CoV-2 Infection - Challenges and Implications.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Woloshin, Steven", "Patel, Neeraj", "Kesselheim, Aaron S"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502334", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532739, "title": "Covid-19: People in most deprived areas of England and Wales twice as likely to die.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Dowd, Adrian"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532739", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402928, "pmcid": "PMC7205654", "title": "Lockdown for CoViD-2019 in Milan: What are the effects on air quality?", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Collivignarelli, Maria Cristina", "Abba, Alessandro", "Bertanza, Giorgio", "Pedrazzani, Roberta", "Ricciardi, Paola", "Carnevale Miino, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402928", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on the rapid spread of the CoViD-2019, a lockdown was declared in the whole Northern Italy by the Government. The application of increasingly rigorous containment measures allowed to reduce the impact of the CoViD-2019 pandemic on the Italian National Health System but at the same time these restriction measures gave also the opportunity to assess the effect of anthropogenic activities on air pollutants in an unprecedented way. This paper aims to study the impact of the partial and total lockdown (PL and TL, respectively) on air quality in the Metropolitan City of Milan. As results, the severe limitation of people movements following the PL and the subsequent TL determined a significant reduction of pollutants concentration mainly due to vehicular traffic (PM10, PM2.5, BC, benzene, CO, and NOx). The lockdown led to an appreciable drop in SO2 only in the city of Milan while it remained unchanged in the adjacent areas. Despite the significant decrease in NO2 in the TL, the O3 exhibited a significant increase, probably, due to the minor NO concentration. In Milan and SaA the increase was more accentuated, probably, due to the higher average concentrations of benzene in Milan than the adjacent areas that might have promoted the formation of O3 in a more significant way."}, {"pmid": 32519064, "title": "Caution about early intubation and mechanical ventilation in COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Tobin, Martin J", "Laghi, Franco", "Jubran, Amal"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519064", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329812, "title": "Just one more hygiene practice in COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Gui, D", "Pepe, G", "Magalini, S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329812", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321209, "title": "General practitioners as frontiers in COVID-19: The Hong Kong experience.", "journal": "Aust J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Lee, Albert"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "General practitioners play a significant part in the COVID-19 pandemic by providing whole-person and patient-centred care during this time of crisis."}, {"pmid": 32232466, "title": "Perspectives on Coronavirus Disease 2019 Control Measures for Ophthalmology Clinics Based on a Singapore Center Experience.", "journal": "JAMA Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Jun, Ivan Seah Yu", "Hui, Krystal Khoo Oon", "Songbo, Paul Zhao"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232466", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454545, "pmcid": "PMC7237614", "title": "[COVID-19, Influenza and Economic Activity - An Impact Analysis Perspective].", "journal": "Wirtschaftsdienst", "authors": ["Winkler, Adalbert"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454545", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The German debate about the policy implications of the coronavirus becomes increasingly heated given different views on the mortality rate from SARS CoV-2, as well as the epidemiological and economic impact of lockdown measures imposed by the government. Impact analysis applying features of randomised control trials would provide clear evidence. However, this is currently unavailable due to a lack of an appropriate control group of countries without measures. Thus, polarisation is likely to rise if observed mortality rates remain low."}, {"pmid": 32307026, "pmcid": "PMC7198461", "title": "Olfactory and taste disorder: The first and only sign in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Jang, Youngeun", "Son, Hyo-Ju", "Lee, Seungjae", "Lee, Eun Jung", "Kim, Tae Hyong", "Park, Se Yoon"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307026", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418776, "pmcid": "PMC7196373", "title": "[After Covid-19: Towards a new dermatology?]", "journal": "Ann Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Petit, A", "Martin, L", "Penso-Assathiany, D", "Consoli, S", "Assouly, P", "Velter, C", "Hefez, L", "Debarre, J-M", "Haddad, L"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418776", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416206, "pmcid": "PMC7228687", "title": "COVID-19 & PPE: Treatment and Prevention of Skin Conditions Related to the Occupational Use of Personal Protective Equipment.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Desai, Seemal R", "Kovarik, Carrie", "Brod, Bruce", "James, William", "Fitzgerald, Matthew E", "Preston, Ave", "Hruza, George J"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416206", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220177, "title": "[Epidemiology, Treatment, and Epidemic Prevention and Control of the Coronavirus Disease 2019: a Review].", "journal": "Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Luan, Rong-Sheng", "Wang, Xin", "Sun, Xin", "Chen, Xing-Shu", "Zhou, Tao", "Liu, Quan-Hui", "Lu, Xin", "Wu, Xian-Ping", "Gu, Dong-Qing", "Tang, Ming-Shuang", "Cui, Hui-Jie", "Shan, Xue-Feng", "Ouyang, Jing", "Zhang, Ben", "Zhang, Wei", "Sichuan University Covid-, Emergency Research Group"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220177", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This review summarizes the ongoing researches regarding etiology, epidemiology, transmission dynamics, treatment, and prevention and control strategies of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with comparison to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and pandemic H1N1 virus. SARS-CoV-2 may be originated from bats, and the patients and asymptomatic carriers are the source of epidemic infection. The virus can be transmitted human-to-human through droplets and close contact, and people at all ages are susceptible to this virus. The main clinical symptoms of the patients are fever and cough, accompanied with leukocytopenia and lymphocytopenia. Effective drugs have been not yet available thus far. In terms of the prevention and control strategies, vaccine development as the primary prevention should be accelerated. Regarding the secondary prevention, ongoing efforts of the infected patients and close contacts quarantine, mask wearing promotion, regular disinfection in public places should be continued. Meanwhile, rapid detection kit for serological monitoring of the virus in general population is expected so as to achieve early detection, early diagnosis, early isolation and early treatment. In addition, public health education on this disease and prevention should be enhanced so as to mitigate panic and mobilize the public to jointly combat the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32391742, "title": "Abdominal Imaging Findings in COVID-19: Preliminary Observations.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Bhayana, Rajesh", "Som, Avik", "Li, Matthew D", "Carey, Denston E", "Anderson, Mark A", "Blake, Michael A", "Catalano, Onofrio", "Gee, Michael S", "Hahn, Peter F", "Harisinghani, Mukesh", "Kilcoyne, Aoife", "Lee, Susanna I", "Mojtahed, Amirkasra", "Pandharipande, Pari V", "Pierce, Theodore T", "Rosman, David A", "Saini, Sanjay", "Samir, Anthony E", "Simeone, Joseph F", "Gervais, Debra A", "Velmahos, George", "Misdraji, Joseph", "Kambadakone, Avinash"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391742", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a target of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), demonstrates its highest surface expression in the lung, small bowel, and vasculature, suggesting abdominal viscera may be susceptible to injury. Purpose To report abdominal imaging findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study, patients consecutively admitted to a single quaternary care center from 3/27/2020 to 4/10/2020 who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were included. Abdominal imaging studies performed in these patients were reviewed and salient findings recorded. Medical records were reviewed for clinical data. Univariable analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results 412 patients (average age 57 years; range 18->90 years; 241 men, 171 women) were evaluated. 224 abdominal imaging studies were performed (radiographs, n=137; ultrasound, n=44; CT, n=42; MRI, n=1) in 134 patients (33%). Abdominal imaging was associated with age (odds ratio [OR] 1.03 per year increase, p=0.001) and ICU admission (OR 17.3, p<0.001). Bowel wall abnormalities were seen on 31% of CT scans (13 of 42) and were associated with ICU admission (OR 15.5, p=0.01). Bowel findings included pneumatosis or portal venous gas, seen on 20% of CT scans in ICU patients (4 of 20). Surgical correlation (n=4) revealed unusual yellow discoloration of bowel (n=3) and bowel infarction (n=2). Pathology demonstrated ischemic enteritis with patchy necrosis and fibrin thrombi in arterioles (n=2). Of right upper quadrant ultrasounds, 87% (32 of 37) were performed for liver laboratory findings, and 54% (20 of 37) demonstrated a dilated sludge-filled gallbladder suggestive of cholestasis. Patients with a cholecystostomy tube placed (n=4) had negative bacterial cultures. Conclusion Bowel abnormalities and cholestasis were common findings on abdominal imaging of inpatients with COVID-19. Patients who went to laparotomy often had ischemia, possibly due to small vessel thrombosis."}, {"pmid": 32364011, "pmcid": "PMC7232886", "title": "FDA-approved thiol-reacting drugs that potentially bind into the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, essential for viral replication.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Lobo-Galo, Naun", "Terrazas-Lopez, Manuel", "Martinez-Martinez, Alejandro", "Diaz-Sanchez, Angel Gabriel"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364011", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergent novel SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the current pandemic outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome with high mortality among the symptomatic population worldwide. Given the absence of a current vaccine or specific antiviral treatment, it is urgent to search for FDA-approved drugs that can potentially inhibit essential viral enzymes. The inhibition of 3CLpro has potential medical application, due to the fact that it is required for processing of the first translated replicase polyproteins into a series of native proteins, which are essential for viral replication in the host cell. We employed an in silico approach to test if disulfiram, as well as its metabolites, and captopril could be used as potential antiviral drugs against COVID-19. We provide data on the potential covalent interaction of disulfiram and its metabolites with the substrate binding subsite of 3CLpro and propose a possible mechanism for the irreversible protease inactivation thought the reaction of the aforementioned compounds with the Cys145. Although, captopril is shown to be a potential ligand of 3CLpro, it is not recommended anti-COVID-19 therapy, due to the fact that it can induce the expression of the viral cellular receptor such as, angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE-2, and thus, making the patient potentially more susceptible to infection. On the other hand, disulfiram, an alcoholism-averting drug, has been previously proposed as an antimicrobial and anti-SARS and MERS agent, safe to use even at higher doses with low side effects, it is recommended to be tested for control of SARS-CoV-2 infection.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32301997, "pmcid": "PMC7184354", "title": "Detectable serum SARS-CoV-2 viral load (RNAaemia) is closely correlated with drastically elevated interleukin 6 (IL-6) level in critically ill COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Xiaohua", "Zhao, Binghong", "Qu, Yueming", "Chen, Yurou", "Xiong, Jie", "Feng, Yong", "Men, Dong", "Huang, Qianchuan", "Liu, Ying", "Yang, Bo", "Ding, Jinya", "Li, Feng"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301997", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in respiratory specimens has been widely used to diagnose coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), it is undeniable that serum SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid (RNAaemia) could be detected in a fraction of COVID-19 patients. However, it is not clear whether testing for RNAaemia is correlated with the occurrence of cytokine storms or with the specific class of patients. This study enrolled 48 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the General Hospital of Central Theater Command, PLA, a designated hospital in Wuhan, China. The patients were divided into three groups according to the \"Diagnosis and Treatment of New Coronavirus Pneumonia (6th edition)\" issued by the National Health Commission of China. The clinical and laboratory data were collected. The serum viral load and IL-6 levels were determined. . Clinical characteristics analysis of 48 cases of COVID-19 showed that RNAaemia was diagnosed only in the critically ill group and seemed to reflect the severity of the disease. Furthermore, the level of inflammatory cytokine IL-6 in critically ill patients increased significantly, almost 10 times that in other patients. More importantly, the extremely high IL-6 level was closely correlated with the detection of RNAaemia (R = 0.902). Detectable serum SARS-Cov-2 RNA(RNAaemia) in COVID-19 patients was associated with elevated IL-6 concentration and poor prognosis. Because the elevated IL-6 may be part of a larger cytokine storm which could worsen outcome, IL-6 could be a potential therapeutic target for critically ill patients with an excessive inflammatory response."}, {"pmid": 32196070, "title": "Practical Aspects of Otolaryngologic Clinical Services During the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Epidemic: An Experience in Hong Kong.", "journal": "JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Chan, Jason Y K", "Wong, Eddy W Y", "Lam, Wayne"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196070", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479788, "pmcid": "PMC7259901", "title": "Poor clinical outcomes for patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Tang, Liang V", "Hu, Yu"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479788", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444293, "pmcid": "PMC7211648", "title": "Respiratory protection among healthcare workers during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ruetzler, Kurt", "Smereka, Jacek", "Ludwin, Kobi", "Drozd, Anna", "Szarpak, Lukasz"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444293", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451217, "pmcid": "PMC7241333", "title": "Familial cluster of pneumonia and asymptomatic cases of COVID-19 in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Chiu, Chun-Hsiang", "Yeh, Kuo-Ming", "Su, Ying-Shih", "Chiu, Sheng-Kang", "Lin, Jung-Chung", "Yang, Ya-Sung"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451217", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32029435, "title": "Coronavirus: doctor who faced backlash from police after warning of outbreak dies.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32029435", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519256, "title": "Chest X-ray in new Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection: findings and correlation with clinical outcome.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Cozzi, Diletta", "Albanesi, Marco", "Cavigli, Edoardo", "Moroni, Chiara", "Bindi, Alessandra", "Luvara, Silvia", "Lucarini, Silvia", "Busoni, Simone", "Mazzoni, Lorenzo Nicola", "Miele, Vittorio"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519256", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study is to describe the main chest radiological features (CXR) of COVID-19 and correlate them with clinical outcome. This is a retrospective study involving patients with clinical-epidemiological suspect of COVID-19 infection, who performed CXRs at the emergency department (ED) of our University Hospital from March 1 to March 31, 2020. All patients performed RT-PCR nasopharyngeal and throat swab, CXR at the ED and clinical-epidemiological data. RT-PCR results were considered the reference standard. The final outcome was expressed as discharged or hospitalized patients into a medicine department or intensive care unit (ICU). Patients that had a RT-PCR positive for COVID-19 infection were 234 in total: 153 males (65.4%) and 81 females (34.6%), with a mean age of 66.04 years (range 18-97 years). Thirteen CXRs were negative for radiological thoracic involvement (5.6%). The following alterations were more commonly observed: 135 patients with lung consolidations (57.7%), 147 (62.8%) with GGO, 55 (23.5%) with nodules and 156 (66.6%) with reticular-nodular opacities. Patients with consolidations and GGO coexistent in the same radiography were 35.5% of total. Peripheral (57.7%) and lower zone distribution (58.5%) were the most common predominance. Moreover, bilateral involvement (69.2%) was most frequent than unilateral one. Baseline CXR sensitivity in our experience is about 67.1%. The most affected patients were especially males in the age group 60-79 years old (45.95%, of which 71.57% males). RALE score was slightly higher in male than in female patients. ANOVA with Games-Howell post hoc showed significant differences of RALE scores for group 1 vs 3 (p\u2009<\u20090.001) and 2 vs 3 (p\u2009=\u20090.001). Inter-reader agreement in assigning RALE score was very good (ICC: 0.92-with 95% confidence interval 0.88-0.95). In COVID-19, CXR shows patchy or diffuse reticular-nodular opacities and consolidation, with basal, peripheral and bilateral predominance. In our experience, baseline CXR had a sensitivity of 68.1%. The RALE score can be used in the emergency setting as a quantitative method of the extent of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, correlating with an increased risk of ICU admission."}, {"pmid": 32441548, "title": "Unpredictable Fall of Severe Emergent Cardiovascular Diseases Hospital Admissions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience of a Single Large Center in Northern Italy.", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Toniolo, Mauro", "Negri, Francesco", "Antonutti, Marco", "Mase, Marco", "Facchin, Domenico"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441548", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BackgroundNorthern-Italy is one of the epicenters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) pandemic in Europe. The impact of the pandemic and the consequent lockdown on medical emergencies other than those SARS-CoV2 related is largely unknown. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiologic impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic on hospital admission for severe emergent cardiovascular diseases (SECDs) in a single Northern Italy large tertiary referral center. Methods and Results We quantified SECDs admissions to the Cardiology Division of Udine University Hospital between March 1st 2020 and March 31st 2020 and compared to those of the same time frame during 2019. Compared to March 2019, we observed a significant reduction in all SECDs admissions: -30% for ST segment elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome (STE-ACS), -66% for Non STE-ACS and -50% for severe bradyarrhythmia. Conclusions A significant decrease in all SECDs admissions has been observed during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic and was unlikely caused by a reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Fear of contagion may have contributed to the unpredictable drop of SECDs. Social education about early recognition of symptoms of life-threatening cardiac conditions requiring appropriate care in a timely fashion may help to reduce this counter-productive phenomenon."}, {"pmid": 32074480, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 3 (Reporting week ending 19:00 AEDT 15 February 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32074480", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is the third epidemiological report for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), previously known as novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), from the virus now known as SARS-CoV-2, reported in Australia as at 19:00 Australian Eastern Daylight Time [AEDT] 15 February 2020. It includes data on the COVID-19 Australian cases, the international situation and current information on the severity, transmission and spread."}, {"pmid": 32474631, "pmcid": "PMC7261041", "title": "Relationship between clinical types and radiological subgroups defined by latent class analysis in 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Fang, Xu", "Li, Xiao", "Bian, Yun", "Ji, Xiang", "Lu, Jianping"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474631", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate whether meaningful subgroups sharing the CT features of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia could be identified using latent class analysis (LCA) and explore the relationship between the LCA-derived subgroups and clinical types. This retrospective review included 499 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia between February 11 and March 8, 2020. Subgroups sharing the CT features were identified using LCA. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were utilized to analyze the association between clinical types and the LCA-derived subgroups. Two radiological subgroups were identified using LCA. There were 228 subjects (45.69%) in class 1 and 271 subjects (54.31%) in class 2. The CT findings of class 1 were smaller pulmonary infection volume, more peripheral distribution, more GGO, more maximum lesion range \u2264 5\u00a0cm, a smaller number of lesions, less involvement of lobes, less air bronchogram, less dilatation of vessels, less hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement, and less pleural effusion than the CT findings of class 2. Univariate analysis demonstrated that older age, therapy, presence of fever, presence of hypertension, decreased lymphocyte count, and increased CRP levels were significant parameters associated with an increased risk for class 2. Multivariate analyses revealed that the patients with clinically severe type disease had a 1.97-fold risk of class 2 than the patients with clinically moderate-type disease. The demographic and clinical differences between the two radiological subgroups based on the LCA were significantly different. Two radiological subgroups were significantly associated with clinical moderate and severe types. \u2022 Two radiological subgroups were identified using LCA. \u2022 Older age, therapy, presence of fever, presence of hypertension, decreased lymphocyte count, and increased CRP levels were significant parameters with an increased risk for class 2 defined by LCA. \u2022 Patients with clinically severe type had a 1.97-fold higher risk of class 2 defined by LCA in comparison with patients showing clinically moderate-type disease."}, {"pmid": 32502128, "title": "COVID-19-Associated Myocarditis in an Adolescent.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Trogen, Brit", "Gonzalez, Francisco J", "Shust, Gail F"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502128", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 17-year-old obese male was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit after presenting with fluid-responsive septic shock following 7 days of fever, gastrointestinal symptoms and neck pain. Initial workup was positive for SARS-CoV-2 and elevated troponin I and brain natriuretic peptide. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging confirmed acute myocarditis. One week after discharge, repeat echocardiogram demonstrated improved heart function with only residual myocardial dysfunction."}, {"pmid": 32251618, "title": "Current Drugs with Potential for Treatment of COVID-19: A Literature Review.", "journal": "J Pharm Pharm Sci", "authors": ["Md Insiat Islam Rabby"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251618", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 first emerged in China in December 2019 and rapidly spread worldwide. No vaccine or approved drug is available to eradicate the virus, however, some drugs that are indicated for other afflictions seems to be potentially beneficial to treat the infection albeit without unequivocal evidence.\u00a0\u00a0 The aim of this article is to review the published background on the effectiveness of these drugs against COVID-19 Methods: A thorough literature search was conducted on recently published studies which have published between January 1 to March 25, 2020. PubMed, Google Scholar and Science Direct databases were searched Results: A total 22 articles were found eligible. 8 discuss about treatment outcomes from their applied drugs during treatment of COVID-19 patients, 4 report laboratory tests, one report animal trial and other 9 articles discuss recommendations and suggestions based on the treatment process and clinical outcomes of other diseases such as malaria, ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). The data and/or recommendations are categorized in 4 classes: (a) anti-viral and anti-inflammatory drugs, (b) anti-malaria drugs, (c) traditional Chinese drugs and (d) other treatments/drugs. All examined treatments, although potentiality effective against COVID-19, need either appropriate drug development or clinical trial to be suitable for clinical use."}, {"pmid": 32286675, "title": "Covid-19 and Post Intensive Care Syndrome: A Call for Action.", "journal": "J Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Stam, Henk J", "Stucki, Gerold", "Bickenbach, Jerome"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286675", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although we are currently overwhelmed by the astonishing speed of infection of the Covid-19 pandemic, and the daily onslaught of new, and ever-worsening predictions, it is vital that we begin to prepare for the aftershocks of the pandemic. Prominent among this will be the cohort of post-intensive case survivors who have been mechanically ventilated and will like experience short- and medium-term consequences. The notion that patients surviving intensive care and mechanical ventilation for several weeks can be discharged home without further medical attention is a dangerous illusion. Post Intensive Care Syndrome and other severe conditions will require not only adequate screening but early rehabilitation and other interventions. Action must be taken now to prepare for this inevitable aftershock to the healthcare system."}, {"pmid": 32292840, "pmcid": "PMC7118645", "title": "Novel Coronavirus International Public Health Emergency: Guidance on Radiation Oncology Facility Operation.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Chen, Wei", "Su, Xiao-Ye", "Wang, Victoria J", "Wang, Edina C", "Xu, Ruizhen", "Zhong, Shiyan", "Sun, Guoping", "Xia, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292840", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408804, "title": "Perspective on COVID-19: Finally, Telemedicine at Center Stage.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Latifi, Rifat", "Doarn, Charles R"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408804", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    The new world order caused by COVID-19 virus, associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome, multiple organ failure, and very high mortality, has brought about many changes to our world. Suddenly, the medical community, and those who finance the health care sector, realized that telemedicine and telepresence are applicable, desirable, acceptable, and much sought after by our patients and we can manage just about every disease and condition. Although, by and large, telemedicine has faced challenges and perhaps some resistance, despite its great potential, it has become evident that telemedicine can provide rapid, safe, and high-quality care remotely during this pandemic, the largest one since 1918. Perhaps one benefit of suffering through the COVID-19 pandemic will be the establishment of a new virtual medical world order, and that telemedicine has taken its deserving place in health care: prime time and a center stage.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32398238, "title": "Removing the handle of the Broad Street pump: measures to slow the spread of covid-19 in primary care teams.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["de Lusignan, Simon", "Carlyon, Tamsin", "Lalvani, Ajit"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398238", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520227, "title": "Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Carvalho, Werther Brunow de", "Gibelli, Maria Augusta Cicaroni", "Krebs, Vera Lucia Jornada", "Calil, Valdenise Martins Laurindo Tuma", "Nicolau, Carla Marques", "Johnston, Cintia"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520227", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483035, "title": "General Anesthesia Recommendations for ECT During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J ECT", "authors": ["Limoncelli, Janine", "Marino, Tambudzia", "Smetana, Roy", "Sanchez-Barranco, Pablo", "Brous, Mary", "Cantwell, Kevin", "Russ, Mark J", "Mack, Patricia Fogarty"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483035", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245835, "title": "Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19: Current Issues and Challenges.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Tang, Yi-Wei", "Schmitz, Jonathan E", "Persing, David H", "Stratton, Charles W"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245835", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has had a major impact on clinical microbiology laboratories in the past several months. This commentary covers current issues and challenges for the laboratory diagnosis of infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In the preanalytical stage, collecting the proper respiratory tract specimen at the right time from the right anatomic site is essential for a prompt and accurate molecular diagnosis of COVID-19. Appropriate measures are required to keep laboratory staff safe while producing reliable test results. In the analytic stage, real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays remain the molecular test of choice for the etiologic diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection while antibody-based techniques are being introduced as supplemental tools. In the postanalytical stage, testing results should be carefully interpreted using both molecular and serological findings. Finally, random-access, integrated devices available at the point of care with scalable capacities will facilitate the rapid and accurate diagnosis and monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 infections and greatly assist in the control of this outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32029919, "pmcid": "PMC7091733", "title": "Revisiting the dangers of the coronavirus in the ophthalmology practice.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Seah, Ivan", "Su, Xinyi", "Lingam, Gopal"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32029919", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519827, "title": "Covid-19: a survey on knowledge, awareness and hygiene practices among dental health professionals in an Indian scenario.", "journal": "Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig", "authors": ["Singh Gambhir, Ramandeep", "Singh Dhaliwal, Jagjit", "Aggarwal, Amit", "Anand, Samir", "Anand, Vaibhav", "Kaur Bhangu, Amanpreet"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519827", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19) continues to spread globally. It has become a major cause of concern for health care professionals all over the world. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, awareness and hygiene practices regarding COVID-19 among private dental practitioners practicing in Tricity (Chandigarh, Panchkula and Mohali) in India during these critical times. A total of 245 private dentists participated in this cross-sectional survey and finally 215 constituted the final sample size. A self-administered, multiple choice type questionnaire (verified by a specialist) was administered to obtain information from the subjects. The questionnaire was divided into two parts and included 15 questions on knowledge and awareness regarding COVID-19. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and Student\u2019s t-test. Percentage of subjects who answered correctly regarding main symptoms of COVID-19 and primary mode of transmission was 87% and 82.5% respectively. One-third of the subjects were not aware regarding Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to be used while rendering dental treatment. 75% of subjects were of the opinion that supportive care is the current treatment regime for COVID-19. Less than one-third of subjects (30.2%) reported high scores. Education level (p=0.018) and health sector profile (p=0.024) of the subjects were significantly associated with mean knowledge scores. The findings of the present study showed that some notable deficiencies in knowledge existed among dental professionals regarding some vital aspects of COVID-19. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improving dentists\u2019knowledge via health education and training programs. Further studies on the subject are also warranted once the situation normalizes."}, {"pmid": 32374001, "title": "Clinical display, diagnostics and genetic implication of novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Forouzesh, M", "Rahimi, A", "Valizadeh, R", "Dadashzadeh, N", "Mirzazadeh, A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374001", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic can cause irreparable damage to the involved society. This study aimed to provide a summary of the up-to-dated clinical display, diagnostics, molecular and genetic implications for COVID-19 infected patients. In this review, 73 research articles published before 25 March 2020 were analyzed to better understand the clinical characteristics of patients and to introduce the available serological, hematology and molecular diagnostic methods. Apart from articles extracted from PubMed and Google Scholar, WHO (https://www.who.int/), NHC (National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China (http://www.nhc.gov.cn/), NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, https://www.nice.org.uk/), CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/), and National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (http://www.satcm.gov.cn/) were also accessed to search for eligible studies. Papers published between January 1, 2020, and 25 March 2020 were searched in English and the terms \"2019-nCoV, Covid-19, Clinical Characteristics OR manifestation, method of detection, COVID-19 Genome and molecular test\" were used. As the pandemic continues to evolve, there have been reports about the possibility of asymptomatic transmission of this newly emerged pneumonia virus. We highlighted the role of HLA haplotype in virus infection as HLA typing will provide susceptibility information for personalized prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in future studies. All the data in this article will assist researchers and clinicians to develop their clinical views regarding infected patients and to emphasize the origin of SARS-CoV-2 for diagnostics."}, {"pmid": 32266838, "pmcid": "PMC7142391", "title": "The Lebanese Society of Medical Oncology (LSMO) statement on the care of patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Bitar, Nizar", "Kattan, Joseph", "Kourie, Hampig Raphael", "Mukherji, Deborah", "Saghir, Nagi El"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266838", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32288416, "pmcid": "PMC7137851", "title": "CIRD-F: Spread and Influence of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci", "authors": ["Zhou, Lingyun", "Wu, Kaiwei", "Liu, Hanzhi", "Gao, Yuanning", "Gao, Xiaofeng"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288416", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading rapidly in China and the Chinese government took a series of policies to control the epidemic. Therefore, it will be helpful to predict the tendency of the epidemic and analyze the influence of official policies. Existing models for prediction, such as cabin models and individual-based models, are either oversimplified or too meticulous, and the influence of the epidemic was studied much more than that of official policies. To predict the epidemic tendency, we consider four groups of people, and establish a propagation dynamics model. We also create a negative feedback to quantify the public vigilance to the epidemic. We evaluate the tendency of epidemic in Hubei and China except Hubei separately to predict the situation of the whole country. Experiments show that the epidemic will terminate around 17 March 2020 and the final number of cumulative infections will be about 78 191 (prediction interval, 74 872 to 82 474). By changing the parameters of the model accordingly, we demonstrate the control effect of the policies of the government on the epidemic situation, which can reduce about 68% possible infections. At the same time, we use the capital asset pricing model with dummy variable to evaluate the effects of the epidemic and official policies on the revenue of multiple industries."}, {"pmid": 32379882, "pmcid": "PMC7239119", "title": "Maintaining high quality multidisciplinary pain medicine fellowship programs: Part II: Innovations in clinical care workflow, clinical supervision, job satisfaction and postgraduation mentorship for pain fellows during the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Pain Med", "authors": ["Kohan, Lynn", "Sobey, Christopher", "Wahezi, Sayed", "Brancolini, Scott", "Przkora, Rene", "Shaparin, Naum", "Spektor, Boris", "Moeschler, Susan", "Anitescu, Magdalena"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pain fellowship programs are facing unique challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. Restrictions by state governments and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention have resulted in a rapidly changing and evolving learning environment for today's fellows. Innovative solutions must be sought to maintain proper education and ensure the well-being of our trainees. : We assembled a panel of pain program directors who serve as officers/board members of the Association of Pain Program Directors, offering guidance and recommendations to pain fellowship directors nationwide. Panel members evaluate best available evidence and expert opinion on use of remote and virtual platforms in clinical care, adaptability to alterations in clinic and referral management, and provide guidance on post-graduate impact. The country is in the midst of an unprecedented pandemic. The impact on pain management fellowships has been significant and will likely last for months, resulting in extraordinary challenges to the administration of pain fellowship programs and the education of our fellows. Several strategies will help address these challenges, including employing telehealth capabilities to continue clinical experiences, and providing trainees with opportunities to continue their professional growth beyond fellowship completion. Together, we can implement innovative solutions to overcome these challenges."}, {"pmid": 32432786, "title": "Editorial - COVID-19, more than a viral pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Perrella, A", "Trama, U", "Bernardi, F F", "Russo, G", "Monastra, L", "Fragranza, F", "Orlando, V", "Coscioni, E"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432786", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452282, "title": "Fragment tailoring strategy to design novel chemical entities as potential binders of novel corona virus main protease.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Choudhury, Chinmayee"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452282", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19) has put the world on serious alert. The main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2-MPro) cleaves the long polyprotein chains to release functional proteins required for replication of the virus and thus is a potential drug target to design new chemical entities in order to inhibit the viral replication in human cells. The current study employs state of art computational methods to design novel molecules by linking molecular fragments which specifically bind to different constituent sub-pockets of the SARS-CoV-2-MPro binding site. A huge library of 191678 fragments was screened against the binding cavity of SARS-CoV-2-MPro and high affinity fragments binding to adjacent sub-pockets were tailored to generate new molecules. These newly formed molecules were further subjected to molecular docking, ADMET filters and MM-GBSA binding energy calculations to select 17 best molecules (named as MP-In1 to MP-In17), which showed comparable binding affinities and interactions with the key binding site residues as the reference ligand. The complexes of these 17 molecules and the reference molecule with SARS-CoV-2-MPro, were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations, which assessed the stabilities of their binding with SARS-CoV-2-MPro. Fifteen molecules were found to form stable complexes with SARS-CoV-2-MPro. These novel chemical entities designed specifically according to the pharmacophoric requirements of SARS-CoV-2-MPro binding pockets showed good synthetic feasibility and returned no exact match when searched against chemical databases. Considering their interactions, binding efficiencies and novel chemotypes, they can be further evaluated as potential starting points for SARS-CoV-2 drug discovery. [Formula: see text]Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32478548, "title": "Social and psychological consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak: The experiences of Taiwan and Hong Kong.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Lei, Man-Kit", "Klopack, Eric T"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478548", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article discusses the value of studying past social and psychological responses to pandemics and natural disasters in understanding reactions to coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). By examining severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) experiences in both Taiwan and Hong Kong, we indicate that psychological trauma might be a pathway whereby the COVID-19 outbreak affects long-term health and well-being and that psychological and collective trauma caused by the COVID-19 may relate to future preparedness and risk awareness. We conclude with a consideration of social-psychological processes for future research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32451162, "pmcid": "PMC7252049", "title": "The management of surgical patients during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Surgery", "authors": ["Spolverato, Gaya", "Capelli, Giulia", "Restivo, Angelo", "Bao, Quoc Riccardo", "Pucciarelli, Salvatore", "Pawlik, Timothy M", "Gronchi, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451162", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised several issues regarding the management of surgical patients. The aim of the current study was to clarify the management of oncologic and surgical patients during the pandemic. Relevant publications reporting on the epidemiology of the pandemic, the diagnosis of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and the clinical management of cancer and surgical patients, as well as studies concerning health care workers' safety, were included. The last date of research for this study was April 4,\u00a02020. We analyzed 28 papers. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19, and computed tomography scans were considered useful for cases of diagnostic uncertainty. Cancer patients and surgical patients were confirmed to be particularly at risk of infection and negative outcome. To guarantee adequate care to these patients, while minimizing the risk for infection, the early postponing of elective surgery, the creation of COVID-free facilities and the identification of COVID- dedicated operating theaters and teams have been proposed. The correct use of personal protective equipment was also strongly advocated, along with the institution of facilities for the psychologic support of health care workers. Clinicians should be aware of the importance of providing adequate care to patients with urgent and nondeferrable clinical issues, such as cancer. Every effort should be made to contain the virus spread in the hospital setting. Also, clinicians should value the importance of self-protection and mental health care."}, {"pmid": 32519293, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia incidentally detected on coronary CT angiogram: a do-not-miss diagnosis.", "journal": "Emerg Radiol", "authors": ["Behzad, Shima", "Velez, Erik", "Najafi, Mohammad Hosein", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519293", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronary CT angiograms are commonly performed for the evaluation of coronary artery disease and coronary arterial anatomy. However, extracardiac findings are frequently detected on these examinations and often can explain patients' underlying symptoms, having a significant impact on patient management. Here in, we discuss three cases of incidentally detected novel COVID-19-infected pneumonia (NCIP). This case series highlights the image findings in NCIP and emphasizes the importance of evaluating all organs in the field of view on coronary CT angiograms. In addition, with the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 and exponentially increasing incidence throughout the world, this report stresses the need for including NCIP in the differential diagnosis of patients with typical image findings in at-risk populations, as early diagnosis is crucial for appropriate patient management and post-exposure recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32432898, "title": "Reply to: Are COVID-19 Patients Dying of or with Cardiac Injury?", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Du, Yingzhen", "Wang, Xi", "Chang, Christopher", "Zhu, Pingjun", "Tu, Lei", "Hu, Qinyong", "Jin, Yang", "Xu, Guogang"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432898", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32022502, "title": "Coronavirus : rester proactif.", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Gardier, Stephany", "Petignat, Christiane"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32022502", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365944, "title": "SARS Unique Domain (SUD) of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Induces NLRP3 Inflammasome-Dependent CXCL10-Mediated Pulmonary Inflammation.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Chang, Young-Sheng", "Ko, Bo-Han", "Ju, Jyh-Cherng", "Chang, Hsin-Hou", "Huang, Su-Hua", "Lin, Cheng-Wen"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365944", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) initiates the cytokine/chemokine storm-mediated lung injury. The SARS-CoV unique domain (SUD) with three macrodomains (N, M, and C), showing the G-quadruplex binding activity, was examined the possible role in SARS pathogenesis in this study. The chemokine profile analysis indicated that SARS-CoV SUD significantly up-regulated the expression of CXCL10, CCL5 and interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 in human lung epithelial cells and in the lung tissues of the mice intratracheally instilled with the recombinant plasmids. Among the SUD subdomains, SUD-MC substantially activated AP-1-mediated CXCL10 expression in vitro. In the wild type mice, SARS-CoV SUD-MC triggered the pulmonary infiltration of macrophages and monocytes, inducing CXCL10-mediated inflammatory responses and severe diffuse alveolar damage symptoms. Moreover, SUD-MC actuated NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-dependent pulmonary inflammation, as confirmed by the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor and the NLRP3-/- mouse model. This study demonstrated that SARS-CoV SUD modulated NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent CXCL10-mediated pulmonary inflammation, providing the potential therapeutic targets for developing the antiviral agents."}, {"pmid": 32120929, "pmcid": "PMC7175275", "title": "Antiviral Action of Tryptanthrin Isolated from Strobilanthes cusia Leaf against Human Coronavirus NL63.", "journal": "Biomolecules", "authors": ["Tsai, Yu-Chi", "Lee, Chia-Lin", "Yen, Hung-Rong", "Chang, Young-Sheng", "Lin, Yu-Ping", "Huang, Su-Hua", "Lin, Cheng-Wen"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32120929", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Strobilanthes cusia (Nees) Kuntze is a Chinese herbal medicine used in the treatment of respiratory virus infections. The methanol extract of S. cusia leaf contains chemical components such as \u03b2-sitosterol, indirubin, tryptanthrin, betulin, indigodole A, and indigodole B that have diverse biological activities. However, the antiviral action of S. cusia leaf and its components against human coronavirus remains to be elucidated. Human coronavirus NL63 infection is frequent among immunocompromised individuals, young children, and in the elderly. This study investigated the anti-Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) activity of the methanol extract of S. cusia leaf and its major components. The methanol extract of S. cusia leaf effectively inhibited the cytopathic effect (CPE) and virus yield (IC50 = 0.64 \u03bcg/mL) in HCoV-NL63-infected cells. Moreover, this extract potently inhibited the HCoV-NL63 infection in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the six components identified in the methanol extract of S. cusia leaf, tryptanthrin and indigodole B (5aR-ethyltryptanthrin) exhibited potent antiviral activity in reducing the CPE and progeny virus production. The IC50 values against virus yield were 1.52 \u03bcM and 2.60 \u03bcM for tryptanthrin and indigodole B, respectively. Different modes of time-of-addition/removal assay indicated that tryptanthrin prevented the early and late stages of HCoV-NL63 replication, particularly by blocking viral RNA genome synthesis and papain-like protease 2 activity. Notably, tryptanthrin (IC50 = 0.06 \u03bcM) and indigodole B (IC50 = 2.09 \u03bcM) exhibited strong virucidal activity as well. This study identified tryptanthrin as the key active component of S. cusia leaf methanol extract that acted against HCoV-NL63 in a cell-type independent manner. The results specify that tryptanthrin possesses antiviral potential against HCoV-NL63 infection."}, {"pmid": 32518147, "title": "Tapia syndrome at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic: Lower cranial neuropathy following prolonged intubation.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Decavel, Pierre", "Petit, Carine", "Tatu, Laurent"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518147", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401274, "pmcid": "PMC7221856", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Rates in BCG-Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Young Adults.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Hamiel, Uri", "Kozer, Eran", "Youngster, Ilan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401274", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369634, "pmcid": "PMC7267536", "title": "Guidelines for the management of diabetes in care homes during the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabet Med", "authors": ["Sinclair, Alan", "Dhatariya, Ketan", "Burr, Olivia", "Nagi, Dinesh", "Higgins, Kath", "Hopkins, David", "Patel, Mayank", "Kar, Partha", "Gooday, Catherine", "Howarth, Dan", "Abdelhafiz, Ahmed", "Newland-Jones, Philip", "O'Neill, Simon"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369634", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The National Diabetes Stakeholders Covid-19 Response Group was formed in early April 2020 as a rapid action by the Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care, Diabetes UK, the Association of British Clinical Diabetologists, and Diabetes Frail to address and support the special needs of residents with diabetes in UK care homes during Covid-19. It was becoming obvious that the care home sector was becoming a second wave of Covid-19 infection and that those with diabetes residing in care homes were at increased risk not only of susceptibility to infection but also to poorer outcomes. Its key purposes included minimising the morbidity and mortality associated with Covid-19 and assisting care staff to identify those residents with diabetes at highest risk of Covid-19 infection. The guidance was particularly created for care home managers, other care home staff, and specialist and non-specialist community nursing teams. The guidance covers the management of hyperglycaemia by discussion of various clinical scenarios that could arise, the management of hypoglycaemia, foot care and end of life care. In addition, it outlines the conditions where hospital admission is required. The guidance should be regarded as interim and will be updated as further medical and scientific evidence becomes available."}, {"pmid": 32460302, "title": "Need for Objective Assessment of Volume Status in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: The Tri-POCUS Approach.", "journal": "Cardiorenal Med", "authors": ["Koratala, Abhilash", "Ronco, Claudio", "Kazory, Amir"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460302", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread across the globe, the knowledge of its epidemiology, clinical features, and management is rapidly evolving. Nevertheless, the data on optimal fluid management strategies for those who develop critical illness remain sparse. Adding to the challenge, the fluid volume status of these patients has been found to be dynamic. Some present with several days of malaise, gastrointestinal symptoms, and consequent hypovolemia requiring aggressive fluid resuscitation, while a subset develop acute respiratory distress syndrome with renal dysfunction and lingering congestion necessitating restrictive fluid management. Accurate objective assessment of volume status allows physicians to tailor the fluid management goals throughout this wide spectrum of critical illness. Conventional point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) enables the reliable assessment of fluid status and reducing the staff exposure. However, due to specific characteristics of COVID-19 (e.g., rapidly expanding lung lesions), a single imaging method such as lung POCUS will have significant limitations. Herein, we suggest a Tri-POCUS approach that represents concurrent bedside assessment of the lungs, heart, and the venous system. This combinational approach is likely to overcome the limitations of the individual methods and provide a more precise evaluation of the volume status in critically ill patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32429702, "title": "Telemedicine Consultations and Diabetes Technology During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Norgaard, Kirsten"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429702", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179860, "title": "Don't rush to deploy COVID-19 vaccines and drugs without sufficient safety guarantees.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Jiang, Shibo"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179860", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378390, "pmcid": "PMC7230428", "title": "Meta-analysis is not always the best way to round out a systematic review: a few thoughts prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic and \"spiced-up\" with an earthquake.", "journal": "Croat Med J", "authors": ["Trkulja, Vladimir", "Hrabac, Pero"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378390", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333969, "pmcid": "PMC7175913", "title": "Response to COVID-19 and diabetes: Can DPP4 inhibition play a role? - GLP-1 might play one too.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Morin, Nathaniel"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333969", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470186, "title": "Correlation between the variables collected at admission and progression to severe cases during hospitalization among patients with COVID-19 in Chongqing.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Duan, Jun", "Wang, Xiaohui", "Chi, Jing", "Chen, Hong", "Bai, Linfu", "Hu, Qianfang", "Han, Xiaoli", "Hu, Wenhui", "Zhu, Linxiao", "Wang, Xue", "Li, You", "Zhou, Chenmei", "Mou, Huaming", "Yan, Xiaofeng", "Guo, Shuliang"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470186", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mortality is high among severe patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected disease (COVID-19). Early prediction of progression to severe cases is needed. We retrospectively collected patients with COVID-19 in two hospital of Chongqing from 1st January\u00a0to 29th February\u00a02020. At admission, we collected the demographics and laboratory tests to predict whether the patient would progress to severe cases in hospitalization. Severe case was confirmed when one of the following criteria occurred: (a) dyspnea, respiratory rate\u00a0\u226530 breaths/min, (b) blood oxygen saturation \u226493%, and (c) PaO2 /FiO2 \u2009\u2264\u2009300\u2009mm Hg. At admission, 348 mild cases were enrolled in this study. Of them, 20 (5.7%) patients progressed to severe cases after median 4.0 days (interquartile range: 2.3-6.0). Pulmonary inflammation index, platelet counts, sodium, C-reactive protein, prealbumin, and PaCO2 showed good distinguishing power to predict progression to severe cases (each area under the curve\u00a0of receiver operating characteristics [AUC]\u2009\u2265\u20090.8). Age, heart rate, chlorine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, procalcitonin, creatine kinase, pH, CD3 counts, and CD4 counts showed moderate distinguishing power (each AUC between 0.7-0.8). And potassium, creatinine, temperature, and D-dimer showed mild distinguishing power (each AUC between 0.6-0.7). In addition, higher C-reactive protein was associated with shorter time to progress to severe cases (r\u2009=\u2009-0.62). Several easily obtained variables at admission are associated with progression to severe cases during hospitalization. These variables provide a reference for the medical staffs when they manage the patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32340089, "title": "[Pathological changes of the spleen in ten patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) by postmortem needle autopsy].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xu, X", "Chang, X N", "Pan, H X", "Su, H", "Huang, B", "Yang, M", "Luo, D J", "Weng, M X", "Ma, L", "Nie, X"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340089", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To study the pathological changes of the spleen in patients with COVID-19 and to analyze the relationship between the weakened immune system and splenic lesions. Methods: Postmortem needle autopsies from the spleen were carried out on 10 patients who died from COVID-19 in Wuhan. Routine hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes. The changes of lymphocytes were studied further with immunohistochemistry.RT-PCR was used to detect 2019-nCoV RNA in the spleen. In addition,the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) was detected by in situ hybridization, and coronavirus particles were detected by transmission electron microscopy in 2 cases. Results: There were 7 males and 3 females, with an average age of 68.3 years.Of the 10 cases, 4 had cancer history and another 4 had other underlying diseases respectively.Cough, fever, malaise and dyspnea were the main clinical symptoms.The time from onset to death was 15-45 days.Ten cases patients had normal or slight increase in peripheral blood leukocyte count in the early stage of the disease, 6 cases had significant increase before death. Five patients' peripheral blood lymphocyte count decreased in the early stage of the disease, and 10 patients' peripheral blood lymphocyte count decreased significantly before the disease progressed or died. Seven cases were treated with corticosteroid (methylprednisolone \u226440\u00a0mg/d, not more than 5 days). Histopathological examination showed that the cell composition of the spleen decreased, white pulp atrophied at different levels, meanwhile lymphoid follicles decreased or absent;in addition, the ratio of red pulp to white pulp increased with varying degrees. In 7 cases, more neutrophil infiltration was found, and in 5 cases, scattered plasma cell infiltration was found. Macrophage proliferation and hemophagocytic phenomena in a few cells were found in a case. Meanwhile, necrosis and lymphocyte apoptosis were detected in 2 cases, small artery thrombosis and spleen infarction in 1 case, and fungal infection in 1 case. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the T and B lymphocyte components of the spleen in all cases decreased in varying degrees. CD20(+) B cells were found to accumulate in the lymphoid sheath around the splenic artery in 8 cases. However, CD20 and CD21 immunostaining in 2 cases showed that the number of white pulp was almost normal, and splenic nodules were atrophic. CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+)T cells were decreased. In 9 cases,CD68(+) macrophages were no significant changes in the distribution and quantity. While more CD68(+) cells were found in the medullary sinuses of 1 case (related to fungal infection). Few CD56(+) cells were found. EBV was negative by in situ hybridization. RT-PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid of 2019-nCoV. One of 10 cases was positive, 39 years old,who was the youngest patient in this group, and the other 9 cases were negative. Coronavirus particles were found in the cytoplasm of macrophage under electron microscope in 2 cases. Conclusions: The death of COVID-19 occurs mainly in the elderly, and some cases have no underlying diseases. Spleen may be one of the organs directly attacked by the virus in some patients who died from COVID-19. T and B lymphocyte in the spleen decrease in varying degrees, lymphoid follicles are atrophied, decreased or absent, and the number of NK cells do not change significantly. And the pathological changes of the spleen are not related to the use of low dose corticosteroid, which may be related to the direct attack of virus and the attack of immune system on its own tissues."}, {"pmid": 32145214, "pmcid": "PMC7133663", "title": "Lymphopenic community acquired pneumonia as signature of severe COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Bermejo-Martin, Jesus F", "Almansa, Raquel", "Menendez, Rosario", "Mendez, Raul", "Kelvin, David J", "Torres, Antoni"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145214", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525829, "title": "Different outcome of COVID-19 in members of a family.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Sun, Jin", "Jiang, Yan", "Lin, Wei", "Hu, Wei-Hua", "Wang, Yong"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525829", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a family cluster of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), in which three members of the family were exposed to SARS-CoV-2 at the same time, but the disease manifested differently among the three family members. We describe the clinical manifestations, disease progression, and treatment of wife and husband. We also analyze the daughter who was in close contact with patients with COVID-19 but was not infected."}, {"pmid": 32405834, "pmcid": "PMC7220628", "title": "[COVID-19 cluster study at a teaching hospital].", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["von Freyburg, Alexander", "Hagedorn, Hjalmar", "Brucher, Bjorn", "Schmidt, Annette", "Scherer, Michael A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405834", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On Mar 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) stated in its Situation Report - 51 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. In early April 2020, a teaching hospital underwent shutdown and quarantine due to an outbreak of infection in accordance with Section 6 of the Infection Protection Act (index patient and 5 infected nursing staff). The complete staff (physicians, nurses and nonmedical personnel [NMP]) underwent COVID-19 testing within two phases: (1) between Apr 3rd and 5th, 2020 [n=1170], followed by (2) between Apr 8th and 9th, 2020 [n=953] with COVID-19 silent carrier positivity rates in accordance to testing phases of (1) n=19 (1.6%) and (2) n=25 (2.6%). The cumulative infection rate for NMP (1.6%), doctors (3.8%) and nurses (9.7%) was connected to type and extent of COVID-19 patient contact. Despite COVID-19 positivity of 34.8% (46 of 132 beds), a risk-free management of hospital operation is possible to a certain extent if hygiene regulations and strict patient selection are followed. However, a COVID-19-free clinic cannot be expected due to silent carriers."}, {"pmid": 32324358, "title": "Essential new informations for the clinical recognition of COVID-19 infection and the prevention possibilities of healthcare personnel working in the head and neck region", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Antal, Mark", "Szabo, Reka Magdolna", "Juhasz, Zoltan", "Vereb, Tamas", "Piffko, Jozsef"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324358", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic probably started in China in 2019 and is influencing the whole healthcare system worldwide. As several healthcare interventions are essential even during pandemics, it is necessary for professionals working in such fields to get up-to-date information about the virus and its aspects that can influence patient care and suggested actions. The current article is a literature review, in which the authors elaborated the recently available scientific articles with their relevancy for clinical interventions as primary factor. The processed articles emphasize that during interventions in the head and neck region, especially when using rotating instruments, it is of utmost importance for all personnel being present at the time of intervention to wear full protection, including disposable medical uniforms, glasses and special masks. These single-use items have to be changed after each intervention and the whole team has to be educated for this process in advance. In order to avoid cross-contamination and infection of personnel during intervention, it is essential to keep all work-safety and infection-control precautions extremely strictly. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 660\u2013666."}, {"pmid": 32122469, "pmcid": "PMC7133618", "title": "Anti-Chinese sentiment during the 2019-nCoV outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chung, Roger Yat-Nork", "Li, Minnie Ming"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122469", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32284362, "title": "COVID-19 and neuromuscular disorders.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Guidon, Amanda C", "Amato, Anthony A"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284362", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has potential to disproportionately and severely affect patients with neuromuscular disorders. In a short period of time, it has already caused reorganization of neuromuscular clinical care delivery and education, which will likely have lasting effects on the field. This article reviews (1) potential neuromuscular complications of COVID-19, (2) assessment and mitigation of COVID-19-related risk for patients with preexisting neuromuscular disease, (3) guidance for management of immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies, (4) practical guidance regarding neuromuscular care delivery, telemedicine, and education, and (5) effect on neuromuscular research. We outline key unanswered clinical questions and highlight the need for team-based and interspecialty collaboration. Primary goals of clinical research during this time are to develop evidence-based best practices and to minimize morbidity and mortality related to COVID-19 for patients with neuromuscular disorders."}, {"pmid": 32294283, "pmcid": "PMC7262078", "title": "Coronavirus and the hearts of doctors.", "journal": "Eur J Heart Fail", "authors": ["D'Elia, Emilia"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294283", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458021, "pmcid": "PMC7250539", "title": "Safety and Efficacy of Bedside Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Placement in the COVID-19 Era: Initial Experience at a New York City Hospital.", "journal": "World J Surg", "authors": ["Vigiola Cruz, Mariana", "Bellorin, Omar", "Srivatana, Vesh", "Afaneh, Cheguevara"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458021", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) is common in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Unparalleled numbers of patients with AKI and shortage of dialysis machines and operative resources prompted consideration of expanded use of urgent-start peritoneal dialysis (PD) and evaluation of the safety and efficacy of bedside surgical placement of PD catheters. Bedside, open PD catheter insertions were performed in early April 2020, at a large academic center in New York City. Patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and AKI and ambulatory patients with chronic kidney disease and impending need for RRT were included. Detailed surgical technique is described. Fourteen catheters were placed at the bedside over 2\u00a0weeks, 11 in critically ill COVID-19 patients and three in ambulatory patients. Mean patient age was 61.9\u00a0years (43-83), and mean body mass index was 27.1 (20-37.6); four patients had prior abdominal surgery. All catheters were placed successfully without routine radiographic studies or intraoperative complications. One patient (7%) experienced primary nonfunction of the catheter requiring HD. One patient had limited intraperitoneal bleeding while anticoagulated, which was managed by mechanical compression of the abdominal wall and temporarily holding anticoagulation. All other catheters had an adequate function at 3-18\u00a0days of follow-up. Bedside placement of PD catheters is safe and effective in ICU and outpatient clinic settings. Our surgical protocols allowed for optimization of critical hospital resources, minimization of hazardous exposure to healthcare providers and a broader application of urgent-start PD in selected patients. Long-term follow-up is warranted."}, {"pmid": 32519921, "title": "COVID-19 in a severe eosinophilic asthmatic receiving benralizumab - a case study.", "journal": "J Asthma", "authors": ["Renner, Andreas", "Marth, Katharina", "Patocka, Karin", "Pohl, Wolfgang"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519921", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction: Only little is known about COVID-19 in patients with asthma. There is no data on COVID-19 in patients with severe asthma or patients with asthma who are treated with monoclonal antibodies. Case Study: Here, we present the case of a severe eosinophilic asthmatic in whom benralizumab treatment, an anti-IL-5R monoclonal antibody, was initiated 2 years ago. Prior to benralizumab treatment, every viral infection had resulted in a prolonged course of oral corticosteroids (OCS). Since initiation of benralizumab, the patient has had good asthma control. Mid-March 2020, the patient developed high fever. Results: A SARS-CoV-2-PCR (nasopharyngeal swab) was positive. The patient's symptoms subsided after few days. No OCS was needed. The asthma control questionnaire 6-item scale worsened moderately in the week of the infection and returned to normal levels thereafter. The asthma control test, measuring longer term asthma control, showed no decline. Conclusion: The course of COVID-19 was very mild in this particular patient with severe eosinophilic asthma. So far, there is no evidence that would suggest a more severe course of COVID-19 in patients with asthma. It is worth noting, that prior to the initiation of benralizumab this patient had multiple exacerbations per year triggered by viral infections (4/year), which all required OCS. Whilst only anecdotal, this case study provides the first evidence to support the current recommendation of continuing monoclonal antibodies in patients with severe asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32398243, "title": "Impact of PD-1 blockade on severity of COVID-19 in patients with lung cancers.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "authors": ["Luo, Jia", "Rizvi, Hira", "Egger, Jacklynn V", "Preeshagul, Isabel R", "Wolchok, Jedd D", "Hellmann, Matthew D"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398243", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to dramatic changes in oncology practice. It is currently unknown whether PD-1 blockade therapy impacts severity of illness from COVID-19 in patients with cancer. To address this uncertainty, we examined consecutive patients with lung cancers who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and examined severity based on no or prior receipt of PD-1 blockade. Overall, the severity of COVID-19 in patients with lung cancer was high, including need for hospitalization in more than half of patients and death in nearly a quarter. Prior PD-1 blockade was, as expected, associated with smoking status. After adjustment for smoking status, PD-1 blockade exposure was not associated with increased risk of severity of COVID-19. PD-1 blockade does not appear to impact the severity of COVID-19 in patients with lung cancers."}, {"pmid": 32507401, "title": "Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: Current status and management practices.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Alandijany, Thamir A", "Faizo, Arwa A", "Azhar, Esam I"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507401", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently a global threat to human population. The numbers of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 are escalating daily, putting health care systems worldwide under tremendous pressure. Policymakers in the affected countries have adopted varying strategies to deal with this crisis. As a result, the current COVID-19 status in terms of number of cases and deaths hugely varies between countries. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have managed to limit the massive spread of the infection among their populations by implementing proactive plans and timely decisions in response to COVID-19 outbreak; measures taken included suspension of flights, closure of educational institutes, curfew and lockdown of major cities, and provision of free-of-charge healthcare to patients. This review summarizes the COVID-19 status as of 18 May 2020 and highlights prevention and control measures applied in the GCC countries."}, {"pmid": 32357976, "title": "Evaluating the national PPE guidance for NHS healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Thomas, John P", "Srinivasan, Anand", "Wickramarachchi, Chandu S", "Dhesi, Parveen K", "Hung, Yat Ma", "Kamath, Ajay V"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357976", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tragically, many of the infections and deaths recorded in the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have occurred in healthcare workers. Some have attributed this to inadequate provision of personal protective equipment (PPE). In the UK, several organisations have voiced their concerns that the national PPE guidance issued by Public Health England is inadequate. Despite recent revisions to these guidelines, concerns remain that they offer insufficient protection to frontline NHS healthcare workers. In this report, we evaluate whether these concerns are merited, through critical appraisal of the available evidence, review of international PPE guidance, and consideration of the ethical implications."}, {"pmid": 32408993, "pmcid": "PMC7174189", "title": "Authors response to: <<About the scientific letter: Suspected Acute Abdomen as an Extrapulmonary Manifestation of Covid-19 Infection>>.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Blanco-Colino, Ruth", "Vilallonga, Ramon"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408993", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226293, "pmcid": "PMC7098035", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak and psychiatric hospitals in China: managing challenges through mental health service reform.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Xiang, Yu-Tao", "Zhao, Yan-Jie", "Liu, Zi-Han", "Li, Xiao-Hong", "Zhao, Na", "Cheung, Teris", "Ng, Chee H"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226293", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, more than 300 Chinese patients with psychiatric disorders were diagnosed with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Possible reasons quoted in the report were the lack of caution regarding the COVID-19 outbreak in January and insufficient supplies of protective gear. We outlined major challenges for patients with psychiatric disorders and mental health professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak, and also discussed how to manage these challenges through further mental health service reform in China."}, {"pmid": 32267829, "pmcid": "PMC7141941", "title": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic and Transfusion Medicine: reflections from Italy.", "journal": "Blood Transfus", "authors": ["Mascaretti, Luca", "De Angelis, Vincenzo", "Berti, Pierluigi"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267829", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268135, "pmcid": "PMC7130800", "title": "Gastrointestinal endoscopy during the COVID-19 pandemic: an updated review of guidelines and statements from international and national societies.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Castro Filho, Elio C", "Castro, Rodolfo", "Fernandes, Flavia F", "Pereira, Gustavo", "Perazzo, Hugo"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268135", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302992, "pmcid": "PMC7164322", "title": "Editorial. COVID-19 and academic neurosurgery.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Carter, Bob S", "Chiocca, E Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302992", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534175, "title": "Three novel prevention, diagnostic, and treatment options for COVID-19 urgently necessitating controlled randomized trials.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Horowitz, Richard I", "Freeman, Phyllis R"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534175", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic infection with COVID-19 can result in silent transmission to large numbers of individuals, resulting in expansion of the pandemic with a global increase in morbidity and mortality. New ways of screening the general population for COVID-19 are urgently needed along with novel effective prevention and treatment strategies. A hypothetical three-part prevention, diagnostic, and treatment approach based on an up-to-date scientific literature review for COVID-19 is proposed. Regarding diagnosis, a validated screening questionnaire and digital app for COVID-19 could help identify individuals who are at risk of transmitting the disease, as well as those at highest risk for poor clinical outcomes. Global implementation and online tracking of vital signs and scored questionnaires that are statistically validated would help health authorities properly allocate essential health care resources to test and isolate those at highest risk for transmission and poor outcomes. Second, regarding prevention, no validated protocols except for physical distancing, hand washing, and isolation exist, and recently ivermectin has been published to have anti-viral properties against COVID-19. A randomized trial of ivermectin, and/or nutraceuticals that have been published to support immune function including glutathione, vitamin C, zinc, and immunomodulatory supplements (3,6 Beta glucan) could be beneficial in preventing transmission or lessening symptomatology but requires statistical validation. Third, concerning treatment, COVID-19 induced inflammation and \"cytokine storm syndrome\" with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)/Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) have resulted in extreme morbidity and mortality in those with certain comorbidities, secondary to \"acute respiratory distress syndrome\" (ARDS) and multiorgan dysfunction with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Deficiency in red blood cell, serum and alveolar glutathione has been published in the medical literature for ARDS, as well as viral and bacterial pneumonias, resulting from increased levels of free radical/oxidative stress. A randomized controlled trial of blocking NF-\u03baB and cytokine formation using glutathione precursors (N-acetyl-cysteine [NAC] and alpha lipoic acid) and PO/IV glutathione with associated anti-viral effects should be performed, along with an evaluation of Nrf2 activators (curcumin, sulforaphane glucosinolate) which have been scientifically proven to lower inflammation. Since high mortality rates from sepsis induced DIC due to COVID-19 infection has also been associated with thrombotic events and elevated levels of D-dimer, randomized controlled trials of using anticoagulant therapy with heparin is urgently required. This is especially important in patients on ventilators who have met certain sepsis induced coagulopathy (SIC) criteria. The use of acetazolamide with or without sildenafil also needs to be explored with or without heparin, since increased oxygen delivery to vital organs through prevention of thrombosis/pulmonary emboli along with carbonic anhydrase inhibition may help increase oxygenation and prevent adverse clinical outcomes. A three-part prevention, diagnostic, and treatment plan is proposed for addressing the severe complications of COVID-19. Digital monitoring of symptoms to clinically diagnose early exposure and response to treatment; prevention with ivermectin as well as nutritional therapies that support a healthy immune response; treatment with anti-inflammatory therapies that block NF-\u03baB and activate Nrf2 pathways, as well as novel therapies that address COVID-19 pneumonia and ARDS with DIC including anticoagulation and/or novel respiratory therapies with or without acetazolamide and sildenafil. These three broad-based interventions urgently need to be subjected to randomized, controlled trials."}, {"pmid": 32405054, "title": "Coping with COVID-19: scaling up virtual care to standard practice.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Barsom, Esther Z", "Feenstra, Tim M", "Bemelman, Willem A", "Bonjer, Jaap H", "Schijven, Marlies P"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405054", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358592, "title": "COVID-19 Research in Brief: 24 April to 1 May, 2020.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Carvalho, Thiago"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358592", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331344, "pmcid": "PMC7215913", "title": "Hand Hygiene, Mask-Wearing Behaviors and Its Associated Factors during the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Cross-Sectional Study among Primary School Students in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Chen, Xuyu", "Ran, Li", "Liu, Qing", "Hu, Qikai", "Du, Xueying", "Tan, Xiaodong"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331344", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the emphasis on behaviors of hand-washing and mask-wearing was repeated during the pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), not everyone paid enough attention to this. A descriptive statistic was used to make sense of the status of hand hygiene and mask-wearing among primary school students in Wuhan, China. A binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors affecting the behaviors of hand-washing and mask-wearing. p < 0.05 (two-sides) was considered as significant at statistics. 42.05% of the primary school students showed a good behavior of hand-washing, while 51.60% had a good behavior of mask-wearing. Gender, grade, out-going history, father's occupation, mother's educational background, and the time filling out the survey were significantly associated with hand hygiene, whereas grade, mother's educational background, and residence were associated with mask-wearing. The behaviors of hand-washing and mask-wearing among primary school students were influenced by gender, grade, shady is back tell a friendand other factors, therefore, parents should make efforts of behavior guidance whereas governments should enlarge medium publicity."}, {"pmid": 32408723, "title": "Conducting Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic: How Scientific Community Should be Prepared?", "journal": "Neurospine", "authors": ["Zeng, Xiang"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408723", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473509, "pmcid": "PMC7245270", "title": "Zinc Iodide in combination with Dimethyl Sulfoxide for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Hoang, Ba X", "Hoang, Huy Q", "Han, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473509", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Zinc Iodide and Dimethyl Sulfoxide compositions are proposed as therapeutic agents to treat and prevent chronic and acute viral infections including SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. The therapeutic combinations have a wide range of virucidal effects on DNA and RNA containing viruses. The combinations also exhibit anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, antifibrotic, antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidative effects. Given the fact that Zinc Iodide has been used as an oral antiseptic agent and DMSO has been already proven as a safe pharmaceutical solvent and therapeutic agent, we hypothesize that the combination of these two agents can be applied as an effective, safe and inexpensive treatment for SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infection. The therapeutic compound can be applied as both etiological and pathogenesis therapy and used as an effective and safe antiseptic (disinfectant) for human and animals as well."}, {"pmid": 32358808, "pmcid": "PMC7267421", "title": "COVID-19 epidemic: Skin protection for health care workers must not be ignored.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Zhang, Bin", "Zhai, Ruijie", "Ma, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358808", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since first reported in 2019, pneumonia associated with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly developed into an outbreak across the world.1 Number of the patients of all age groups has increased significantly.2 In order to curb the spread of the epidemic, thousands of health care workers (HCWs) have joined the front line of the fight against this highly contagious disease.3 When taking care of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, HCWs must first protect themselves by performing adequate hand hygiene and using protective equipment including medical mask, goggles/face shield, gown and gloves.4 However, the wearing of these personal protective equipment (PPE) on a daily basis and the frequent use of hand disinfectants often cause skin problems which could reduce their enthusiasm for overloaded work and make them anxious at all stages of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32384921, "pmcid": "PMC7209763", "title": "Avoiding hospital-related infections during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Ye, Jiarong", "Yang, Liqi", "Xi, Xiaotu", "Lin, Xinghua", "He, Deping", "Wang, Weiliang"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384921", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270420, "pmcid": "PMC7141488", "title": "Management of Cancer Surgery Cases During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations.", "journal": "Ann Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Bartlett, David L", "Howe, James R", "Chang, George", "Crago, Aimee", "Hogg, Melissa", "Karakousis, Giorgos", "Levine, Edward", "Maker, Ajay", "Mamounas, Eleftherios", "McGuire, Kandace", "Merchant, Nipun", "Shibata, David", "Sohn, Vance", "Solorzano, Carmen", "Turaga, Kiran", "White, Richard", "Yang, Anthony", "Yoon, Sam"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270420", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342041, "pmcid": "PMC7182514", "title": "Forecasting the Impact of Coronavirus Disease During Delivery Hospitalization: An Aid for Resources Utilization.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Putra, Manesha", "Kesavan, Ms Malavika", "Brackney, Kerri", "Hackney, David N", "Roosa, Ms Kimberlyn M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342041", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has severely impacted the United States. In cases of infectious disease outbreak, forecasting models are often developed for resources utilization. Pregnancy and delivery pose unique challenges, given the altered maternal immune system and the fact that the majority of American women choose to deliver in the hospital setting. The aim of our study is to forecast the incidence of COVID-19 in general population and to forecast the overall incidence, severe cases, critical cases and fatal COVID-19 cases during delivery hospitalization in the United States. We use a phenomenological model with generalized logistic growth models to forecast the incidence of COVID-19 in the United States from 4/15/2020 - 12/31/2020. Incidence data from 3/1/2020 - 4/14/2020 were used to provide best-fit model solution. Subsequently, Monte-Carlo simulation was performed for each week from 3/1/2020 - 12/31/2020 to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 in delivery hospitalizations using the available data estimate. From 3/1/2020 - 12/31/2020, our model forecasted a total of 860,475 cases of COVID-19 in general population across the United States. The cumulative incidence for COVID-19 during delivery hospitalization is anticipated to be 16,601 (95% CI, 9,711 - 23,491) cases. Among those, 3,308 (95% CI, 1,755 - 4,861) cases are expected to be severe, 681 (95% CI, 1324 - 1,038) critical and 52 (95% CI, 23 - 81) maternal mortality. Assuming similar baseline maternal mortality rate as the year of 2018, we projected an increase in maternal mortality rate in the US to at least 18.7 (95% CI, 18.0 - 19.5) deaths per 100,000 live birth as a direct result of COVID-19. COVID-19 infection in pregnant women is expected to severely impact obstetrical care. From 3/1/2020 - 12/31/2020, we project 3,308 severe and 681 critical cases, with about 52 COVID-19 related maternal mortalities during delivery hospitalization in the United States. These data might be helpful for counseling and resource allocation."}, {"pmid": 32229646, "title": "Staff Mental Health Self-Assessment During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "East Asian Arch Psychiatry", "authors": ["Chung, J P Y", "Yeung, W S"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229646", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503382, "title": "Biomarkers associated with COVID-19 disease progression.", "journal": "Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci", "authors": ["Ponti, Giovanni", "Maccaferri, Monia", "Ruini, Cristel", "Tomasi, Aldo", "Ozben, Tomris"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503382", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a scientific, medical, and social challenge. The complexity of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is centered on the unpredictable clinical course of the disease that can rapidly develop, causing severe and deadly complications. The identification of effective laboratory biomarkers able to classify patients based on their risk is imperative in being able to guarantee prompt treatment. The analysis of recently published studies highlights the role of systemic vasculitis and cytokine mediated coagulation disorders as the principal actors of multi organ failure in patients with severe COVID-19 complications. The following biomarkers have been identified: hematological (lymphocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR)), inflammatory (C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), procalcitonin (PCT)), immunological (interleukin (IL)-6 and biochemical (D-dimer, troponin, creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST)), especially those related to coagulation cascades in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). New laboratory biomarkers could be identified through the accurate analysis of multicentric case series; in particular, homocysteine and angiotensin II could play a significant role."}, {"pmid": 32220277, "pmcid": "PMC7146683", "title": "National UK programme of community health workers for COVID-19 response.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Haines, Andy", "de Barros, Enrique Falceto", "Berlin, Anita", "Heymann, David L", "Harris, Matthew J"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220277", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503812, "title": "Elevation of blood glucose level predicts worse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care", "authors": ["Wu, Jianfeng", "Huang, Jianqiang", "Zhu, Guochao", "Wang, Qiongya", "Lv, Qingquan", "Huang, Ying", "Yu, Yang", "Si, Xiang", "Yi, Hui", "Wang, Cuiping", "Liu, Yihao", "Xiao, Han", "Zhou, Qian", "Liu, Xin", "Yang, Daya", "Guan, Xiangdong", "Li, Yanbing", "Peng, Sui", "Sung, Joseph", "Xiao, Haipeng"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503812", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With intense deficiency of medical resources during COVID-19 pandemic, risk stratification is of strategic importance. Blood glucose level is an important risk factor for the prognosis of infection and critically ill patients. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of blood glucose level in patients with COVID-19. We collected clinical and survival information of 2041 consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from two medical centers in Wuhan. Patients without available blood glucose level were excluded. We performed multivariable Cox regression to calculate HRs of blood glucose-associated indexes for the risk of progression to critical cases/mortality among non-critical cases, as well as in-hospital mortality in critical cases. Sensitivity analysis were conducted in patient without diabetes. Elevation of admission blood glucose level was an independent risk factor for progression to critical cases/death among non-critical cases (HR=1.30, 95%\u2009CI 1.03 to 1.63, p=0.026). Elevation of initial blood glucose level of critical diagnosis was an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality in critical cases (HR=1.84, 95%\u2009CI 1.14 to 2.98, p=0.013). Higher median glucose level during hospital stay or after critical diagnosis (\u22656.1\u2009mmol/L) was independently associated with increased risks of progression to critical cases/death among non-critical cases, as well as in-hospital mortality in critical cases. Above results were consistent in the sensitivity analysis in patients without diabetes. Elevation of blood glucose level predicted worse outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Our findings may provide a simple and practical way to risk stratify COVID-19 inpatients for hierarchical management, particularly where medical resources are in severe shortage during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32359422, "title": "Phone-based data collection in a refugee community under COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Chen, Alexandra", "Tossyeh, Fadila", "Arnous, Maguy", "Saleh, Ahmad", "El Hassan, Ahmed", "Saade, Joy", "Miller, Kenneth E"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359422", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32142621, "pmcid": "PMC7129735", "title": "Risk of COVID-19 for patients with cancer.", "journal": "Lancet Oncol", "authors": ["Wang, Hanping", "Zhang, Li"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142621", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457444, "title": "Mass-surveillance technologies to fight coronavirus spread: the case of Israel.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Amit, Moran", "Kimhi, Heli", "Bader, Tarif", "Chen, Jacob", "Glassberg, Elon", "Benov, Avi"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457444", "countries": ["Israel"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435607, "pmcid": "PMC7227161", "title": "Potential Role of ACE2 in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Prevention and Management.", "journal": "J Transl Int Med", "authors": ["Liu, Mengyuan", "Wang, Ting", "Zhou, Yun", "Zhao, Yutong", "Zhang, Yan", "Li, Jianping"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435607", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is the current public health threat all over the world. Unfortunately, there is no specific prevention and treatment strategy for this disease. We aim to explore the potential role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in this regard through this literature review. As a crucial enzyme of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), ACE2 not only mediates the virus entry but also affects the pathophysiological process of virus-induced acute lung injury (ALI), as well as other organs' damage. As interaction of COVID-19 virus spike and ACE2 is essential for virus infection, COVID-19-specific vaccine based on spike protein, small molecule compound interrupting their interaction, human monoclonal antibody based on receptor-binding domain, and recombinant human ACE2 protein (rhuACE2) have aroused the interests of researchers. Meanwhile, ACE2 could catalyze angiotensin II (Ang II) to form angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7), thus alleviates the harmful effect of Ang II and amplifies the protection effect of Ang1-7. ACE inhibitor and angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) have been shown to increase the level of expression of ACE2 and could be potential strategies in protecting lungs, heart, and kidneys. ACE2 plays a very important role in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of COVID-19 infection. Strategies targeting ACE2 and its ligand, COVID-19 virus spike protein, may provide novel method in the prevention and management of novel coronavirus pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32305034, "pmcid": "PMC7194975", "title": "Homeless mentally ill people and COVID-19 pandemic: The two-way sword for LMICs.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Kar, Sujita Kumar", "Arafat, S M Yasir", "Marthoenis, Marthoenis", "Kabir, Russell"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305034", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362345, "pmcid": "PMC7184005", "title": "COVID-19 and Depression.", "journal": "Clin Ther", "authors": ["Shader, Richard I"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362345", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic embodies overwhelming stresses-unemployment, death, and isolation, among others. When called upon, clinicians must try to sort out demoralization from depression. This commentary discerns the characteristics of demoralization versus depression, and suggests solutions for both, together with a cautionary word on the use chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32458192, "pmcid": "PMC7249981", "title": "Post-infectious Guillain-Barre syndrome related to SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Riva, Nilo", "Russo, Tommaso", "Falzone, Yuri Matteo", "Strollo, Marta", "Amadio, Stefano", "Del Carro, Ubaldo", "Locatelli, Massimo", "Filippi, Massimo", "Fazio, Raffaella"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458192", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389423, "pmcid": "PMC7196531", "title": "Acute ischemic stroke complicating common carotid artery thrombosis during a severe COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Viguier, Alain", "Delamarre, Louis", "Duplantier, Julien", "Olivot, Jean-Marc", "Bonneville, Fabrice"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389423", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432652, "title": "Fellowship in the Time of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Time to Adapt.", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Chau, Katherine H", "Nouri, Shayan Nabavi", "Madhavan, Mahesh V"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432652", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425323, "pmcid": "PMC7228684", "title": "Reply: Introducing special cutaneous \"sign\" tribute to healthcare workers managing new coronavirus disease (Covid -19) - New additions.", "journal": "Clin Dermatol", "authors": ["Kannangara, Ajith P"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425323", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530425, "title": "Pooling of samples for testing for SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic people.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lohse, Stefan", "Pfuhl, Thorsten", "Berko-Gottel, Barbara", "Rissland, Jurgen", "Geissler, Tobias", "Gartner, Barbara", "Becker, Soren L", "Schneitler, Sophie", "Smola, Sigrun"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530425", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444880, "title": "Clinical Features and Outcomes of 105 Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Seattle, Washington.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Buckner, Frederick S", "McCulloch, Denise J", "Atluri, Vidya", "Blain, Michela", "McGuffin, Sarah A", "Nalla, Arun K", "Huang, Meei-Li", "Greninger, Alex L", "Jerome, Keith R", "Cohen, Seth A", "Neme, Santiago", "Green, Margaret L", "Chu, Helen Y", "Kim, H Nina"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444880", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Washington State served as the initial epicenter of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United States. An understanding of the risk factors and clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 may provide guidance for management. All laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in adults admitted to an academic medical center in Seattle, WA between March 2 and March 26, 2020 were included. We evaluated individuals with and without severe disease, defined as admission to the intensive care unit or death. One-hundred-five COVID-19 patients were hospitalized. Thirty-five percent were admitted from a senior home or skilled nursing facility. The median age was 69 years and half were women.Three or more comorbidities were present in 55% of patients, with hypertension (59%), obesity (47%), cardiovascular disease (38%) and diabetes (33%) being the most prevalent. Most (63%) had symptoms for 5 days or longer prior to admission. Only 39% had fever in the first 24 hours, whereas 41% had hypoxia at admission. Seventy-three percent of patients had lymphopenia. Of 50 samples available for additional testing, no viral coinfections were identified. Severe disease occurred in 49%. Eighteen percent of patients were placed on mechanical ventilation and the overall mortality rate was 33%. During the early days of the COVID-19 epidemic in Washington State, the disease had its greatest impact on elderly patients with medical comorbidities. We observed high rates of severe disease and mortality in our hospitalized patients."}, {"pmid": 32473864, "pmcid": "PMC7255273", "title": "Keys for analysis of diagnostic and serologic tests for CoV-2.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Laccourreye, O", "Cohen, R", "Couloigner, V"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473864", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on a review of the medical literature, the authors document the key points regarding the tests available in France to screen for and diagnose of CoV-2 infestation."}, {"pmid": 32470593, "pmcid": "PMC7248629", "title": "Can COVID-19 related mental health issues be measured?", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Ransing, Ramdas", "Ramalho, Rodrigo", "Orsolini, Laura", "Adiukwu, Frances", "Gonzalez-Diaz, Jairo M", "Larnaout, Amine", "Pinto da Costa, Mariana", "Grandinetti, Paolo", "Bytyci, Drita Gashi", "Shalbafan, Mohammadreza", "Patil, Ishwar", "Nofal, Marwa", "Pereira-Sanchez, Victor", "Kilic, Ozge"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470593", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249664, "pmcid": "PMC7273857", "title": "Focus on the Crosstalk between COVID-19 and Urogenital Systems.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Wu, Zhang-Song", "Zhang, Zhi-Qiang", "Wu, Song"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249664", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209810, "pmcid": "PMC7172572", "title": "Recommendations for Endotracheal Intubation of COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Orser, Beverley A"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209810", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222703, "pmcid": "PMC7179522", "title": "COVID-19 Infection in a Patient with End-Stage Kidney Disease.", "journal": "Nephron", "authors": ["Fu, Dian", "Yang, Bo", "Xu, Jing", "Mao, Zhiguo", "Zhou, Chenchen", "Xue, Cheng"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222703", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread very rapidly in China and worldwide. In this article, we report on a 75-year-old man infected with 2019 novel coronavirus who has end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). COVID-19 patients with ESKD need isolation dialysis, but most of them cannot be handled in time due to limited continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) machines. CRRT provided benefits for this patient by removing potentially damaging toxins and stabilizing his metabolic and hemodynamic status. With the control of uremia and fluid status, this patient ended up with an uneventful post-CRRT course, absence of clinical symptoms, and negative PCR tests. Greater efforts are needed to decrease the mortality of COVID-19-infected ESKD patients."}, {"pmid": 32487253, "pmcid": "PMC7264921", "title": "Timely rehabilitation for critical patients with COVID-19: another issue should not be ignored.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Wang, Zhen", "Wang, Zhongjing", "Sun, Ruixiang", "Wang, Xiaoye", "Gu, Shaofei", "Zhang, Xiancui", "Huang, Houbao"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487253", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198191, "title": "Autopsy in suspected COVID-19 cases.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Hanley, Brian", "Lucas, Sebastian B", "Youd, Esther", "Swift, Benjamin", "Osborn, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198191", "countries": ["China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus-2 (CoV-2) outbreak in Wuhan, China has now spread to many countries across the world including the UK with an increasing death toll. This will inevitably lead to an increase in the number of suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related deaths at autopsy. The Royal College of Pathologists has responded to this concern with the release of a briefing on autopsy practice relating to COVID-19. The following article is a summary and interpretation of these guidelines. It includes a description of hazard group 3 organisms, the category to which SARS-CoV-2 has been assigned, a brief description of what is currently known about the pathological and autopsy findings in COVID-19, a summary of the recommendations for conducting autopsies in suspected COVID-19 cases and the techniques for making the diagnosis at autopsy. It concludes by considering the clinicopathological correlation and notification of such cases."}, {"pmid": 32492298, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention of Covid-19 - Searching for Evidence.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Cohen, Myron S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492298", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31978293, "title": "A Novel Coronavirus Emerging in China - Key Questions for Impact Assessment.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Munster, Vincent J", "Koopmans, Marion", "van Doremalen, Neeltje", "van Riel, Debby", "de Wit, Emmie"], "date": "2020-01-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31978293", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314951, "title": "Opioid use disorder and the COVID 19 pandemic: A call to sustain regulatory easements and further expand access to treatment.", "journal": "Subst Abus", "authors": ["Green, Traci C", "Bratberg, Jeffrey", "Finnell, Deborah S"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314951", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We highlight the critical roles that pharmacists have related to sustaining and advancing the changes being made in the face of the current COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that patients have more seamless and less complex access to treatment. Discussed herein is how the current COVID-19 pandemic is impacting persons with substance use disorders, barriers that persist, and the opportunities that arise as regulations around treatments for this population are eased."}, {"pmid": 32363333, "pmcid": "PMC7195288", "title": "A real-time dashboard of clinical trials for COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["Thorlund, Kristian", "Dron, Louis", "Park, Jay", "Hsu, Grace", "Forrest, Jamie I", "Mills, Edward J"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363333", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344444, "title": "[The COVID-19 Pandemia and its consequences for plastic surgery and hand surgery].", "journal": "Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir", "authors": ["Giunta, Riccardo E", "Frank, Konstantin", "Moellhoff, Nicholas", "Braig, David", "Haas, Elisabeth M", "Ahmad, Nura", "Hagen, Christine S", "Wiggenhauser, Paul Severin", "Frick, Andreas", "Koban, Konstantin", "Wachtel, Nikolaus", "Taha, Sara", "Ehrl, Denis", "Schenck, Thilo L"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344444", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of a SARS-Cov-2 virus infection was confirmed on January 27th in Munich. For both, plastic and hand surgeons it is crucial to act responsible, minimize the transmission of the virus and aid in reasonable and adequate allocation of resources for the treatment of affected patients during this pandemia. This article aims to provide an overview over the latest developments and insights that affect plastic and hand surgeons. At the same time plastic and hand surgeons are required to participate actively in the discussion of new regulatory measures that on one hand aim to ensure a proper medical care of COVID-19 patients and on the other hand need to guarantee coverage of all other patients. Furthermore exit\u00a0-\u00a0strategies after the pandemia need to be discussed by our societies. Naturally, this manuscript provides insight into the current situation, which might undergo changes due to the swift progression of the pandemia."}, {"pmid": 32425285, "pmcid": "PMC7231491", "title": "Retrospective Analysis of Smell and Taste Disturbances Associated with Dermatological Medications Reported to the United States Food and Drug Administration and Relevance to COVID-19 Infections.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Wang, Yu", "Lipner, Shari R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425285", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229574, "pmcid": "PMC7165470", "title": "News Feature: Avoiding pitfalls in the pursuit of a COVID-19 vaccine.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Peeples, Lynne"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229574", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432461, "pmcid": "PMC7243426", "title": "Flexible Nanoporous Template for the Design and Development of Reusable Anti-COVID-19 Hydrophobic Face Masks.", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["El-Atab, Nazek", "Qaiser, Nadeem", "Badghaish, Huda", "Shaikh, Sohail F", "Hussain, Muhammad Mustafa"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432461", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of the severe respiratory disease caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), the use of face masks has become ubiquitous worldwide to control the rapid spread of this pandemic. As a result, the world is currently facing a face mask shortage, and some countries have placed limits on the number of masks that can be bought by each person. Although the surgical grade N95 mask provides the highest level of protection currently available, its filtration efficiency for sub-300 nm particles is around 85% due to its wider pore size (\u223c300 nm). Because the COVID-19 virus shows a diameter of around 65-125 nm, there is a need for developing more efficient masks. To overcome these issues, we demonstrate the development of a flexible, nanoporous membrane to achieve a reusable N95 mask with a replaceable membrane and enhanced filtration efficiency. We first developed a flexible nanoporous Si-based template on a silicon-on-insulator wafer using KOH etching and then used the template as a hard mask during a reactive ion etching process to transfer the patterns onto a flexible and lightweight (<0.12 g) polymeric membrane. Pores with sizes down to 5 nm were achieved with a narrow distribution. Theoretical calculations show that airflow rates above 85 L/min are possible through the mask, which confirms its breathability over a wide range of pore sizes, densities, membrane thicknesses, and pressure drops. Finally, the membrane is intrinsically hydrophobic, which contributes to antifouling and self-cleaning as a result of droplets rolling and sliding on the inclined mask area."}, {"pmid": 32107548, "pmcid": "PMC7107962", "title": "Occupational risks for COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Koh, David"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32107548", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277779, "pmcid": "PMC7262071", "title": "Telehealth Policies Impacting Federally Qualified Health Centers in Face of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Sodhi, Miku"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277779", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526276, "title": "Discrepancy in reports of COVID-19 onset of symptoms: is faulty data being collected?", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Choucair, Jacques", "Waked, Rami", "Saliba, Gebrael", "Haddad, Fady", "Haddad, Elie", "Makhoul, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526276", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203711, "pmcid": "PMC7102637", "title": "Planning and provision of ECMO services for severe ARDS during the COVID-19 pandemic and other outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Ramanathan, Kollengode", "Antognini, David", "Combes, Alain", "Paden, Matthew", "Zakhary, Bishoy", "Ogino, Mark", "MacLaren, Graeme", "Brodie, Daniel", "Shekar, Kiran"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203711", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "WHO interim guidelines recommend offering extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to eligible patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The number of patients with COVID-19 infection who might develop severe ARDS that is refractory to maximal medical management and require this level of support is currently unknown. Available evidence from similar patient populations suggests that carefully selected patients with severe ARDS who do not benefit from conventional treatment might be successfully supported with venovenous ECMO. The need for ECMO is relatively low and its use is mostly restricted to specialised centres globally. Providing complex therapies such as ECMO during outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases has unique challenges. Careful planning, judicious resource allocation, and training of personnel to provide complex therapeutic interventions while adhering to strict infection control measures are all crucial components of an ECMO action plan. ECMO can be initiated in specialist centres, or patients can receive ECMO during transportation from a centre that is not specialised for this procedure to an expert ECMO centre. Ensuring that systems enable safe and coordinated movement of critically ill patients, staff, and equipment is important to improve ECMO access. ECMO preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic is important in view of the high transmission rate of the virus and respiratory-related mortality."}, {"pmid": 32390757, "pmcid": "PMC7203260", "title": "Correction to: First COVID-19 infections in the Philippines: a case report.", "journal": "Trop Med Health", "authors": ["Edrada, Edna M", "Lopez, Edmundo B", "Villarama, Jose Benito", "Salva Villarama, Eumelia P", "Dagoc, Bren F", "Smith, Chris", "Sayo, Ana Ria", "Verona, Jeffrey A", "Trifalgar-Arches, Jamie", "Lazaro, Jezreel", "Balinas, Ellen Grace M", "Telan, Elizabeth Freda O", "Roy, Lynsil", "Galon, Myvie", "Florida, Carl Hill N", "Ukawa, Tatsuya", "Villanueva, Annavi Marie G", "Saito, Nobuo", "Nepomuceno, Jean Raphael", "Ariyoshi, Koya", "Carlos, Celia", "Nicolasora, Amalea Dulcene", "Solante, Rontgene M"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390757", "countries": ["Philippines"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s41182-020-00203-0.]."}, {"pmid": 32463794, "title": "Metformin and SARS-CoV-2: mechanistic lessons on air pollution to weather the cytokine/thrombotic storm in COVID-19.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Menendez, Javier A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463794", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pathological signaling in the lung induced by particulate matter (PM) air pollution partially overlaps with that provoked by COVID-19, the pandemic disease caused by infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Metformin is capable of suppressing one of the molecular triggers of the proinflammatory and prothrombotic processes of urban PM air pollution, namely the mitochondrial ROS/Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels (CRAC)/IL-6 cascade. Given the linkage between mitochondrial functionality, ion channels, and inflamm-aging, the ability of metformin to target mitochondrial electron transport and prevent ROS/CRAC-mediated IL-6 release might illuminate new therapeutic avenues to quell the raging of the cytokine and thrombotic-like storms that are the leading causes of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in older people. The incorporation of infection rates, severity and lethality of SARS-CoV-2 infections as new outcomes of metformin usage in elderly populations at risk of developing severe COVID-19, together with the assessment of bronchial/serological titers of inflammatory cytokines and D-dimers, could provide a novel mechanistic basis for the consideration of metformin as a therapeutic strategy against the inflammatory and thrombotic states underlying the gerolavic traits of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32363967, "title": "A challenging case of psoriasis flare-up after COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Nasiri, Soheila", "Araghi, Farnaz", "Tabary, Mohammadreza", "Gheisari, Mehdi", "Mahboubi-Fooladi, Zahra", "Dadkhahfar, Sahar"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363967", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410319, "pmcid": "PMC7272976", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Viral Hepatitis coinfection: Provide guidelines for integrated screening and treatment.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Odjidja, Emmanuel Nene", "Longo, Valentina Laurita", "Rizzatti, Gianenrico", "Bandoh, Salome"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410319", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus, that causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) threatens global health. Emerging evidence and past experience from other coronaviruses suggests that people with underlying liver disease including viral hepatitis could be at risk of disease severity and mortality. However, with the present relatively low screening rates for the most prevalent viral hepatitis - Hepatitis B and C, many COVID-19 cases especially in low middle income countries are unlikely to be screened for viral hepatitis coinfection. Without active screening, little will be known about the clinical and epidemiological manifestations which could negatively impact public health efforts. In this commentary, we call for systematic and integrated screening of Hepatitis B and C for COVID-19 confirmed patients. We also call for guidelines for management and treatment as well as research to understand the epidemiology of coinfection This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32323507, "pmcid": "PMC7183829", "title": "Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum: A Probable Unusual Complication of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Wang, Jing", "Su, Xiaoyun", "Zhang, Tianjing", "Zheng, Chuansheng"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323507", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487347, "pmcid": "PMC7236691", "title": "Invasion Science and the Global Spread of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Trends Ecol Evol", "authors": ["Nunez, Martin A", "Pauchard, Anibal", "Ricciardi, Anthony"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487347", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging infectious diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are driven by ecological and socioeconomic factors, and their rapid spread and devastating impacts mirror those of invasive species. Collaborations between biomedical researchers and ecologists, heretofore rare, are vital to limiting future outbreaks. Enhancing the crossdisciplinary framework offered by invasion science could achieve this goal."}, {"pmid": 32525093, "title": "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis induced by hydroxychloroquine prescribed for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Delaleu, Jeremie", "Deniau, Benjamin", "Battistella, Maxime", "de Masson, Adele", "Bensaid, Benoit", "Jachiet, Marie", "Lazaridou, Ingrid", "Bagot, Martine", "Bouaziz, Jean-David"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525093", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396163, "pmcid": "PMC7218676", "title": "Development and Validation of a Clinical Risk Score to Predict the Occurrence of Critical Illness in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Liang, Wenhua", "Liang, Hengrui", "Ou, Limin", "Chen, Binfeng", "Chen, Ailan", "Li, Caichen", "Li, Yimin", "Guan, Weijie", "Sang, Ling", "Lu, Jiatao", "Xu, Yuanda", "Chen, Guoqiang", "Guo, Haiyan", "Guo, Jun", "Chen, Zisheng", "Zhao, Yi", "Li, Shiyue", "Zhang, Nuofu", "Zhong, Nanshan", "He, Jianxing"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396163", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early identification of patients with novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who may develop critical illness is of great importance and may aid in delivering proper treatment and optimizing use of resources. To develop and validate a clinical score at hospital admission for predicting which patients with COVID-19 will develop critical illness based on a nationwide cohort in China. Collaborating with the National Health Commission of China, we established a retrospective cohort of patients with COVID-19 from 575 hospitals in 31 provincial administrative regions as of January 31, 2020. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and imaging variables ascertained at hospital admission were screened using Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) and logistic regression to construct a predictive risk score (COVID-GRAM). The score provides an estimate of the risk that a hospitalized patient with COVID-19 will develop critical illness. Accuracy of the score was measured by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Data from 4 additional cohorts in China hospitalized with COVID-19 were used to validate the score. Data were analyzed between February 20, 2020 and March 17, 2020. Among patients with COVID-19 admitted to the hospital, critical illness was defined as the composite measure of admission to the intensive care unit, invasive ventilation, or death. The development cohort included 1590 patients. the mean (SD) age of patients in the cohort was 48.9 (15.7) years; 904 (57.3%) were men. The validation cohort included 710 patients with a mean (SD) age of 48.2 (15.2) years, and 382 (53.8%) were men and 172 (24.2%). From 72 potential predictors, 10 variables were independent predictive factors and were included in the risk score: chest radiographic abnormality (OR, 3.39; 95% CI, 2.14-5.38), age (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.05), hemoptysis (OR, 4.53; 95% CI, 1.36-15.15), dyspnea (OR, 1.88; 95% CI, 1.18-3.01), unconsciousness (OR, 4.71; 95% CI, 1.39-15.98), number of comorbidities (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.27-2.00), cancer history (OR, 4.07; 95% CI, 1.23-13.43), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10), lactate dehydrogenase (OR, 1.002; 95% CI, 1.001-1.004) and direct bilirubin (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06-1.24). The mean AUC in the development cohort was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.85-0.91) and the AUC in the validation cohort was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.93). The score has been translated into an online risk calculator that is freely available to the public (http://118.126.104.170/). In this study, a risk score based on characteristics of COVID-19 patients at the time of admission to the hospital was developed that may help predict a patient's risk of developing critical illness."}, {"pmid": 32436744, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on reproductive health and maternity services in low resource countries.", "journal": "Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care", "authors": ["Abdelbadee, Ahmed Y", "Abbas, Ahmed M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436744", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purpose: Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly evolving pandemic. It is well-known that pregnant women are more susceptible to viral infection due to immune and anatomic factors. Therefore, the viral pandemic might affect the reproductive health and maternity services especially in low-resource countries.Materials and methods: In this article, we tried to highlight the impact of COVID-19 on reproductive health and maternity health services in low resource countries with emphasis on adapting some of the published best practice recommendations to suit a struggling environment.Conclusion: Pregnant women residing in low resource countries represent a uniquely vulnerable group in epidemics due to several factors. Maternity services in low resource countries are adapting to provide antenatal and postnatal care amidst a rapidly shifting health system environment due to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32422441, "pmcid": "PMC7200329", "title": "Disinfection tunnels: potentially counterproductive in the context of a prolonged pandemic of COVID-19.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Biswal, M", "Kanaujia, R", "Angrup, A", "Ray, P", "Mohan Singh, S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422441", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307831, "pmcid": "PMC7264524", "title": "Tele(oral)medicine: A new approach during the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Villa, Alessandro", "Sankar, Vidya", "Shiboski, Caroline"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307831", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292814, "pmcid": "PMC7102578", "title": "The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak from a one health perspective.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["Hemida, Maged Gomaa", "Ba Abduallah, Mohammed M"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292814", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 is a new human coronavirus candidate recently detected in China that is now reported in people on inhabited continents. The virus shares a high level of identity with some bat coronaviruses and is recognised as a potentially zoonotic virus. We are utilizing the One Health concept to understand the emergence of the virus, as well as to point to some possible control strategies that might reduce the spread of the virus across the globe; thus, containment of such virus would be possible."}, {"pmid": 32368607, "pmcid": "PMC7196903", "title": "The Response of Women's Dermatologic Society and the International Journal of Women's Dermatology to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Womens Dermatol", "authors": ["Murase, Jenny E", "Murrell, Dedee F"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368607", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339555, "pmcid": "PMC7194676", "title": "Adapting Urology Residency Training in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Kwon, Young Suk", "Tabakin, Alexandra L", "Patel, Hiren V", "Backstrand, Jeffrey R", "Jang, Thomas L", "Kim, Isaac Y", "Singer, Eric A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339555", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308258, "pmcid": "PMC7156225", "title": "Analysis and forecast of COVID-19 spreading in China, Italy and France.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Fanelli, Duccio", "Piazza, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308258", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "France"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this note we analyze the temporal dynamics of the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China, Italy and France in the time window \n                        \n                            22\n                            /\n                            01\n                            -\n                            15\n                            /\n                            03\n                            /\n                            2020\n                        \n                     . A first analysis of simple day-lag maps points to some universality in the epidemic spreading, suggesting that simple mean-field models can be meaningfully used to gather a quantitative picture of the epidemic spreading, and notably the height and time of the peak of confirmed infected individuals. The analysis of the same data within a simple susceptible-infected-recovered-deaths model indicates that the kinetic parameter that describes the rate of recovery seems to be the same, irrespective of the country, while the infection and death rates appear to be more variable. The model places the peak in Italy around March 21st 2020, with a peak number of infected individuals of about 26000 (not including recovered and dead) and a number of deaths at the end of the epidemics of about 18,000. Since the confirmed cases are believed to be between 10 and 20% of the real number of individuals who eventually get infected, the apparent mortality rate of COVID-19 falls between 4% and 8% in Italy, while it appears substantially lower, between 1% and 3% in China. Based on our calculations, we estimate that 2500 ventilation units should represent a fair figure for the peak requirement to be considered by health authorities in Italy for their strategic planning. Finally, a simulation of the effects of drastic containment measures on the outbreak in Italy indicates that a reduction of the infection rate indeed causes a quench of the epidemic peak. However, it is also seen that the infection rate needs to be cut down drastically and quickly to observe an appreciable decrease of the epidemic peak and mortality rate. This appears only possible through a concerted and disciplined, albeit painful, effort of the population as a whole."}, {"pmid": 32515358, "title": "Mutations in SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA identified in Eastern India: Possible implications for the ongoing outbreak in India and impact on viral structure and host susceptibility.", "journal": "J Biosci", "authors": ["Maitra, Arindam", "Sarkar, Mamta Chawla", "Raheja, Harsha", "Biswas, Nidhan K", "Chakraborti, Sohini", "Singh, Animesh Kumar", "Ghosh, Shekhar", "Sarkar, Sumanta", "Patra, Subrata", "Mondal, Rajiv Kumar", "Ghosh, Trinath", "Chatterjee, Ananya", "Banu, Hasina", "Majumdar, Agniva", "Chinnaswamy, Sreedhar", "Srinivasan, Narayanaswamy", "Dutta, Shanta", "DAS, Saumitra"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515358", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Direct massively parallel sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 genome was undertaken from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples of infected individuals in Eastern India. Seven of the isolates belonged to the A2a clade, while one belonged to the B4 clade. Specific mutations, characteristic of the A2a clade, were also detected, which included the P323L in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and D614G in the Spike glycoprotein. Further, our data revealed emergence of novel subclones harbouring nonsynonymous mutations, viz. G1124V in Spike (S) protein, R203K, and G204R in the nucleocapsid (N) protein. The N protein mutations reside in the SR-rich region involved in viral capsid formation and the S protein mutation is in the S2 domain, which is involved in triggering viral fusion with the host cell membrane. Interesting correlation was observed between these mutations and travel or contact history of COVID-19 positive cases. Consequent alterations of miRNA binding and structure were also predicted for these mutations. More importantly, the possible implications of mutation D614G (in SD domain) and G1124V (in S2 subunit) on the structural stability of S protein have also been discussed. Results report for the first time a bird's eye view on the accumulation of mutations in SARS-CoV-2 genome in Eastern India."}, {"pmid": 32216698, "pmcid": "PMC7191627", "title": "Elevated Plasmin(ogen) as a Common Risk Factor for COVID-19 Susceptibility.", "journal": "Physiol Rev", "authors": ["Ji, Hong-Long", "Zhao, Runzhen", "Matalon, Sadis", "Matthay, Michael A"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216698", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular illness, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and kidney dysfunction have worse clinical outcomes when infected with SARS-CoV-2, for unknown reasons. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence for the existence of elevated plasmin(ogen) in COVID-19 patients with these comorbid conditions. Plasmin, and other proteases, may cleave a newly inserted furin site in the S protein of SARS-CoV-2, extracellularly, which increases its infectivity and virulence. Hyperfibrinolysis associated with plasmin leads to elevated D-dimer in severe patients. The plasmin(ogen) system may prove a promising therapeutic target for combating COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32519674, "title": "[Exploration and practice of online teaching system of medical immunology based on small private online course (SPOC) model during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic].", "journal": "Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Wei", "Zhang, Yusi", "Tang, Kang", "Zhang, Yun", "Liu, Kan", "Zhang, Rui", "Zhuang, Ran"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519674", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the Chinese Ministry of Education put forward the requirement of turning offline education into online teaching to universities. Our department positively responded and rapidly mobilized to establish an online teaching system of medical immunology based on the small private online course (SPOC) model, which has a main body of the SPOC model with \"video course as the main part, supplemented by online Q&A\". The system also has feedback improvement sections of online discussion and chapter tests and evaluates the quality and effect of teaching with students' group display, course examination, and questionnaires. At the same time, the COVID-19 hotspot is also organically combined with immunological knowledge throughout the online teaching. In this process, our department continuously summarizes experiences and discovers problems. Herein, we generalize and sort out the exploration and practice of constructing the online teaching system, to carry out offline teaching after the pandemic and to continue this teaching model in the future, for reference and guidance."}, {"pmid": 32405520, "pmcid": "PMC7219381", "title": "Anaesthesia and intensive care in obstetrics during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Morau, Estelle", "Bouvet, Lionel", "Keita, Hawa", "Vial, Florence", "Bonnet, Marie Pierre", "Bonnin, Martine", "Le Gouez, Agnes", "Chassard, Dominique", "Mercier, Frederic J", "Benhamou, Dan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405520", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468988, "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the medico-legal and human rights of psychiatric patients.", "journal": "Eur Psychiatry", "authors": ["Thome, Johannes", "Coogan, Andrew N", "Simon, Frederick", "Fischer, Matthias", "Tucha, Oliver", "Faltraco, Frank", "Marazziti, Donatella", "Butzer, Hermann"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468988", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has raised significant concerns for population mental health and the effective provision of mental health services in the light of increased demands and barriers to service delivery [1]. Particular attention is being directed toward the possible neuropsychiatric sequelae of both COVID-19 and of the stringent societal mitigation steps deployed by national governments, concerns that are informed by historical increases in the incidence of psychotic disorders following influenza pandemics [2]. However, so far there has been scant attention paid to other important areas of psychiatry during COVID-19, including medico-legal aspects and human rights. In this paper, we discuss the legal implications for psychiatry of the COVID-19 pandemic and report a novel situation in which psychiatric patients may experience diminution of their statutory protections. We believe that this represents a paradigm shift in psychiatric care and that the consideration of the fundamental rights of psychiatric patients as \"less important\" than infection control measures compel mental health professionals to \"advocate for \u2026 patients and their caregivers\" in this time of crisis [1]."}, {"pmid": 32302442, "title": "RE: ISTH interim guidance to recognition and management of coagulopathy in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Akima, Satoshi", "McLintock, Claire", "Hunt, Beverley J"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The unrelenting acceleration of COVID-19 infections due to SARS-CoV-2 is unquestionably the greatest medical challenge of our professional careers. The Scientific and Standardisation Committee (SSC) on disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) is to be commended for the rapid publication of guidance for clinicians worldwide to assist in management of the coagulopathy widely reported to be associated with severe COVID-19 infection. However, we would like to offer constructive feedback as to how the SSC's interim guidance1 might be improved."}, {"pmid": 32333489, "pmcid": "PMC7267516", "title": "Is gustatory impairment the first report of an oral manifestation in COVID-19?", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Vinayachandran, Divya", "Balasubramanian, SaravanaKarthikeyan"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333489", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533071, "title": "Ivermectin: a systematic review from antiviral effects to COVID-19 complementary regimen.", "journal": "J Antibiot (Tokyo)", "authors": ["Heidary, Fatemeh", "Gharebaghi, Reza"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533071", "countries": ["Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ivermectin proposes many potentials effects to treat a range of diseases, with its antimicrobial, antiviral, and anti-cancer properties as a wonder drug. It is highly effective against many microorganisms including some viruses. In this comprehensive systematic review, antiviral effects of ivermectin are summarized including in vitro and in vivo studies over the past 50 years. Several studies reported antiviral effects of ivermectin on RNA viruses such as Zika, dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, Hendra, Newcastle, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, chikungunya, Semliki Forest, Sindbis, Avian influenza A, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome, Human immunodeficiency virus type 1, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Furthermore, there are some studies showing antiviral effects of ivermectin against DNA viruses such as Equine herpes type 1, BK polyomavirus, pseudorabies, porcine circovirus 2, and bovine herpesvirus 1. Ivermectin plays a role in several biological mechanisms, therefore it could serve as a potential candidate in the treatment of a wide range of viruses including COVID-19 as well as other types of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses. In vivo studies of animal models revealed a broad range of antiviral effects of ivermectin, however, clinical trials are necessary to appraise the potential efficacy of ivermectin in clinical setting."}, {"pmid": 32205158, "pmcid": "PMC7118616", "title": "An integrated response to the impact of coronavirus outbreak on the Emergency Medical Services of Emilia Romagna.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Semeraro, Federico", "Gamberini, Lorenzo", "Tartaglione, Marco", "Mora, Fabio", "Dell'Arciprete, Oscar", "Cordenons, Fiorella", "Del Giudice, Donatella", "Picoco, Cosimo", "Gordini, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205158", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361535, "pmcid": "PMC7180365", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia patient without clear epidemiological history outside Wuhan: An analysis of the radiographic and clinical features.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Lin, Chen", "Chen, Zixian", "Xie, Bin", "Sun, Zhujian", "Ding, Yuxiao", "Li, Xiaogang", "Niu, Meng", "Guo, Shunlin", "Lei, Junqiang"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361535", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this case report is to describe the radiographic and clinical features of a COVID-19 pneumonia patient without clear epidemiological history outside Wuhan, China."}, {"pmid": 32509818, "pmcid": "PMC7262623", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and liver damage: a possible pathogenetic link.", "journal": "Hepatobiliary Surg Nutr", "authors": ["Abenavoli, Ludovico", "Gentile, Ivan", "Maraolo, Alberto Enrico", "Negro, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509818", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386808, "pmcid": "PMC7252005", "title": "Prevalence of IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among emergency department employees.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Madsen, Troy", "Levin, Nicholas", "Niehus, Karla", "Law, Karen", "Mayer, Jeanmarie", "Chapman, Matthew", "Johnson, Austin", "Hartsell, Stephen"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386808", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312600, "pmcid": "PMC7270576", "title": "Clinical consensus recommendations regarding non-invasive respiratory support in the adult patient with acute respiratory failure secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Cinesi Gomez, Cesar", "Penuelas Rodriguez, Oscar", "Lujan Torne, Manel", "Egea Santaolalla, Carlos", "Masa Jimenez, Juan Fernando", "Garcia Fernandez, Javier", "Carratala Perales, Jose Manuel", "Heili-Frades, Sarah Beatrice", "Ferrer Monreal, Miquel", "de Andres Nilsson, Jose M", "Lista Arias, Eva", "Sanchez Rocamora, Juan Luis", "Garrote, Jose Ignacio", "Zamorano Serrano, Miguel J", "Gonzalez Martinez, Monica", "Farrero Munoz, Eva", "Mediano San Andres, Olga", "Rialp Cervera, Gemma", "Mas Serra, Arantxa", "Hernandez Martinez, Gonzalo", "de Haro Lopez, Candelaria", "Roca Gas, Oriol", "Ferrer Roca, Ricard", "Romero Berrocal, Antonio", "Ferrando Ortola, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312600", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection caused by a newly emergent coronavirus, that was first recognized in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined the infection as a global pandemic and there is a health and social emergency for the management of this new infection. While most people with COVID-19 develop only mild or uncomplicated illness, approximately 14% develop severe disease that requires hospitalization and oxygen support, and 5% require admission to an intensive care unit. In severe cases, COVID-19 can be complicated by the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis and septic shock, and multiorgan failure. This consensus document has been prepared on evidence-informed guidelines developed by a multidisciplinary panel of health care providers from four Spanish scientific societies (Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine [SEMICYUC], Spanish Society of Pulmonologists [SEPAR], Spanish Society of Emergency [SEMES], Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Reanimation, and Pain [SEDAR]) with experience in the clinical management of patients with COVID-19 and other viral infections, including SARS, as well as sepsis and ARDS. The document provides clinical recommendations for the noninvasive respiratory support (noninvasive ventilation, high flow oxygen therapy with nasal cannula) in any patient with suspected or confirmed presentation of COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure. This consensus guidance should serve as a foundation for optimized supportive care to ensure the best possible chance for survival and to allow for reliable comparison of investigational therapeutic interventions as part of randomized controlled trials."}, {"pmid": 32298644, "pmcid": "PMC7195084", "title": "Three lessons for the COVID-19 response from pandemic HIV.", "journal": "Lancet HIV", "authors": ["Hargreaves, James", "Davey, Calum"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298644", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437180, "title": "Ethical considerations for psychologists in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am Psychol", "authors": ["Chenneville, Tiffany", "Schwartz-Mette, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437180", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Psychologists are in a position to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic through research, practice, education, and advocacy. However, concerns exist about the ethical implications associated with transitioning from face-to-face to online or virtual formats as necessitated by stay-at-home orders designed to enforce the social distancing required to flatten the curve of new COVID-19 cases. The purpose of this article is to review potential ethical issues and to provide guidance to psychologists for ethical conduct in the midst of the current crisis and its aftermath. In addition to contextualizing relevant ethical considerations according to the principles and standards of the current American Psychological Association's ethics code, vignettes are presented to exemplify the ethical dilemmas psychologists in various roles may face when responding to COVID-19 and to offer suggestions and resources for resolving potential conflicts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32213480, "title": "Covid-19: how to be careful with trust and expertise on social media.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Llewellyn, Sue"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213480", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312113, "pmcid": "PMC7188060", "title": "Update on COVID-19 From the Journal.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Gropler, Robert J", "Davila-Roman, Victor G"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312113", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456404, "title": "The vaccine journey for COVID-19: a comprehensive systematic review of current clinical trials in humans.", "journal": "Panminerva Med", "authors": ["Checcucci, Enrico", "Piramide, Federico", "Pecoraro, Angela", "Amparore, Daniele", "Campi, Riccardo", "Fiori, Cristian", "Elhage, Oussama", "Kotecha, Pinky", "Vyakarnam, Annapurna", "Serni, Sergio", "Dasgupta, Prokar", "Porpiglia, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456404", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, there has been an outbreak of a novel beta-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China. On March the 11th the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic, with over 118,000 cases in more than 110 countries around the world. In response to the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emergency, clinical trial research assessing the efficacy and safety of experimental vaccines to prevent COVID-19 are emerging at an unprecedented rate. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the preliminary experiences and ongoing clinical trials of the major candidates and challenges of the vaccine strategies in humans. After a priori protocol registration with PROSPERO (181483), a systematic research of the published literature was conducted on 24 April 2020 using Medline (via PubMed), Embase (via Ovid), and WHO databases. Moreover, to explore the more recent literature we also searched the preprint server medRxiv. Finally, we scrutinized the Cochrane COVID-19 study register and the COVID-19 section of ClinicalTrials.gov database for identifying relevant ongoing clinical trials. Thereafter we selected the articles according to the PRISMA guidelines. Animal or in-vitro experimental studies were excluded. Moreover editorials, commentaries, abstracts, reviews, book chapters, and articles not in English were not included. Our search identified 1359 published papers, 478 pre-print articles and 367 ongoing clinical trials. Finally, only ten ongoing clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. Specifically, seven developed vaccines for the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and three clinical trials assessed the protective role of BCG vaccine against COVID-19. The first group included phase I/II trials with different types of molecules (DNA or mRNA vaccine, bacterial plasmid or viral vectors), the latter were phase III/IV trials designed on the basis of a heterologous lymphocyte activation by the BCG vaccine. This new disease is pushing the scientific community to develop swiftly a safe and effective vaccine. Notwithstanding the limitations of our analysis, given by the absence of available results, we try to provide a comprehensive view of the ongoing clinical trials in humans. Our analysis reveals a worldwide effort of both scientists and enterprises to achieve one of the most challenging goals of our century."}, {"pmid": 32227489, "pmcid": "PMC7228269", "title": "Concerns regarding calculation of fatality rate of Chinese samples in COVID-19 meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kempton, Matthew J"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227489", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528760, "pmcid": "PMC7282369", "title": "Cardiac Manifestations of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Comprehensive Review.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Tahir, Faryal", "Bin Arif, Taha", "Ahmed, Jawad", "Malik, Farheen", "Khalid, Muhammad"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528760", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its origin in China, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has become a pandemic and spread to 209 countries. As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a very rapidly emerging disease, organ-specific studies related to it have been reported. Apart from respiratory findings, some studies have highlighted inflammatory consequences in the heart, kidney, and/or liver as well. Cardiac involvement in COVID-19 seems to be a result of an inflammatory storm in response to the infection. Moreover, direct viral invasion of cardiomyocytes, as well as a myocardial injury due to oxidative stress, may account for acute cardiac injury in COVID-19. Nevertheless, the mechanism of heart injury in COVID-19 is not clear yet. However, multiple studies\u00a0that highlight the\u00a0clinical features, laboratory findings, and prognosis of acute myocardial injury (AMI) in COVID-19-affected individuals have been published. In this review, we have summarized the findings of all those studies as well as the clinical features and management of cardiac injury discussed by some case reports."}, {"pmid": 32315253, "title": "Family Member Visits to Critically Ill Patients During COVID-19: A New Pathway (Re: Telemed J E Health 2020. [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2020.29040.rb).", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Zhang, Jun", "Wang, Haili", "Dong, Lun"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315253", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528623, "pmcid": "PMC7266475", "title": "COVID-19 infection and oxidative stress: an under-explored approach for prevention and treatment?", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Ntyonga-Pono, Marie-Pierrette"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528623", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447087, "pmcid": "PMC7207132", "title": "Exposure to greenspaces could reduce the high global burden of pain.", "journal": "Environ Res", "authors": ["Stanhope, Jessica", "Breed, Martin F", "Weinstein, Philip"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447087", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Painful conditions are among the leading causes of years lived with disability, and may increase following the coronavirus pandemic, which has led to temporary closure of some healthcare services for people with chronic pain. To reduce this burden, novel, cost-effective and accessible interventions are required. We propose that greenspace exposure may be one such intervention. Drawing on evidence from neuroscience, physiology, microbiology, and psychology, we articulate how and why exposure to greenspaces could improve pain outcomes and reduce the high global burden of pain. Greenspace exposure potentially provides opportunities to benefit from known or proposed health-enhancing components of nature, such as environmental microbiomes, phytoncides, negative air ions, sunlight, and the sights and sounds of nature itself. We review the established and potential links between these specific exposures and pain outcomes. While further research is required to determine possible causal links between greenspace exposure and pain outcomes, we suggest that there is already sufficient evidence to help reduce the global burden of pain by improving access and exposure to quality greenspaces."}, {"pmid": 32329979, "title": "Rapid point-of-care antibody cassette tests for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: practical considerations.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Tomasik, Przemyslaw", "Krotki, Filipina", "Jonca, Mateusz", "Anyszek, Tomasz"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329979", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393446, "title": "Alcohol withdrawal management during the Covid-19 lockdown in Kerala.", "journal": "Indian J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Varma, Ravi Prasad"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393446", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lockdown declared to prevent the spread of Covid 19 in India created unforeseen problems, including severe alcohol withdrawal symptoms and the need to manage them. The state of Kerala in India saw suicide deaths by six affected individuals, prompting the state government to instruct government doctors to prescribe alcohol to addicts. The local medical association approached the courts against this. These events raise interesting ethical issues discussed here. Keywords: alcohol withdrawal, prescribing alcohol, Covid 19, ethics of alcohol prescription."}, {"pmid": 32461203, "title": "Children are being sidelined by covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Sinha, Ian", "Bennett, Davara", "Taylor-Robinson, David C"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461203", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451348, "title": "Send cat and dog samples to test for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Murcia, Pablo", "Streiker, Daniel", "Philipe, Ana Da Silva", "Robertson, David", "Jarrett, Ruth", "Willett, Brian", "Hosie, Margaret", "Biek, Roman", "Allan, Kathryn", "Weir, William"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451348", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442932, "title": "[COVID-19 experience in a private institution in Buenos Aires during the first month of the pandemic: 26 cases].", "journal": "Medicina (B Aires)", "authors": ["Wainer, Pedro", "Saavedra, Federico", "Tagliapietra, Valeria", "Abeledo, Daiana", "Migliore, Daniela", "Lapadula, Pablo", "Pryluka, Daniel", "Lopez Macchi, Gonzalo", "Diez, Eduardo", "Gnocchi, Cesar"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442932", "countries": ["Italy", "Argentina"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of coronavirus (COVID-19) infection in Argentina was reported in Buenos Aires on March 3rd, 2020, in a patient who arrived from Milan. The aim of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics and course of illness of patients infected with Covid-19 that were hospitalized in a private clinical setting during March 2020. Sixty three patients suspected of COVID-19 infection, were admitted to our hospital during March 2020. Twenty six of these subjects were diagnosed positive by the RT-PCR for SARS Cov-2 in a nasopharyngeal swab specimen. We recorded data about epidemiological characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms, in addition to comorbidities, laboratory and radiological studies were done. The median age was 40 years (SD \u00b1 15 years); there was an equal number of men and women; all the patients but one were coming from abroad; the most common symptom was fever (24/26 cases) and lymphopenia (n = 8). We found that there were patients in whom fever disappeared within the first 72h (n = 17) and another group in which the fever lasted six or more days (n = 7). One patient out of 26 died. The population of our study was young and almost all were imported cases, in alinement with the stage of the epidemic at the time when the study was conducted. We observed that there were two patterns in the fever curve but the persistence of it did not lead to a worse prognosis. Larger population studies are required in order to confirm these clinical findings."}, {"pmid": 32444413, "pmcid": "PMC7243393", "title": "COVID-19 in Italy - Passing through bitter waters.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Guglielmetti, Lorenzo", "Chiesi, Sheila"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444413", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456663, "pmcid": "PMC7250283", "title": "Prone positioning combined with high-flow nasal or conventional oxygen therapy in severe Covid-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Despres, Cyrielle", "Brunin, Yannick", "Berthier, Francis", "Pili-Floury, Sebastien", "Besch, Guillaume"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456663", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450053, "pmcid": "PMC7255213", "title": "Following-up allogeneic transplantation recipients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Lupo-Stanghellini, Maria Teresa", "Messina, Carlo", "Marktel, Sarah", "Carrabba, Matteo G", "Peccatori, Jacopo", "Corti, Consuelo", "Ciceri, Fabio"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450053", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253325, "pmcid": "PMC7140931", "title": "Journal Flexibility in the Troubling Times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Plant Physiol", "authors": ["Meyers, Blake", "Baxter, Ivan", "Blatt, Mike", "Sweetlove, Lee", "Daniell, Henry", "Lunn, John", "Taylor, Crispin", "Winchester, Nancy"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253325", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416414, "pmcid": "PMC7202332", "title": "Genetic predisposition models to COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Darbeheshti, Farzaneh", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416414", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439655, "title": "Covid-19: Two antibody tests are \"highly specific\" but vary in sensitivity, evaluations find.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439655", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460422, "title": "Provision of obstetrics and gynaecology services during the COVID-19 pandemic: a survey of junior doctors in the UK National Health Service.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Rimmer, M P", "Al Wattar, B H"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460422", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is disrupting health services worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the provision of obstetrics and gynaecology services in the UK during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Interview-based national survey. Women's healthcare units in the National Health Service. Junior doctors in obstetrics and gynaecology. Participants were interviewed by members of the UK Audit and Research in Obstetrics and Gynaecology trainees' collaborative between 28 March and 7 April 2020. We used a quantitative analysis for closed-ended questions and a thematic framework analysis for open comments. We received responses from 148/155 units (95%), most of the participants were in years 3-7 of training (121/148, 82%). Most completed specific training drills for managing obstetric and gynaecological emergencies in women with COVID-19 (89/148, 60.1%) and two-person donning and doffing of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (96/148, 64.9%). The majority of surveyed units implemented COVID-19-specific protocols (130/148, 87.8%), offered adequate PPE (135/148, 91.2%) and operated dedicated COVID-19 emergency theatres (105/148, 70.8%). Most units reduced face-to-face antenatal clinics (117/148, 79.1%) and suspended elective gynaecology services (131/148, 88.5%). The 2-week referral pathway for oncological gynaecology was not affected in half of the units (76/148, 51.4%), but half reported a planned reduction in oncology surgery (82/148, 55.4%). The provision of obstetrics and gynaecology services in the UK during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be in line with current guidelines, but strategic planning is needed to restore routine gynaecology services and ensure safe access to maternity care in the long term. Provision of obstetrics and gynaecology services during the acute phase of COVID-19 is in line with current guidelines, strategic planning is needed to restore routine services and ensure safe access to care in the long term."}, {"pmid": 32057209, "title": "[Pharmacotherapeutics for the New Coronavirus Pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Du, B", "Qiu, H B", "Zhan, X", "Wang, Y S", "Kang, H Y J", "Li, X Y", "Wang, F", "Sun, B", "Tong, Z H"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32057209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The New Coronavirus Pneumonia (NCP, also named as COVID-19 by WHO on Feb 11 2020, is now causing a severe public health emergency in China since. The number of diagnosed cases is more than 40,000 until the submission of this manuscript. Coronavirus has caused several epidemic situations world widely, but the present contagious disease caused by 2019 new Coronavirus is unprecedentedly fulminating. The published cohorts of 2019 new Coronavirus (n-Cov) are single-center studies, or retrospective studies. We here share the therapeutic experiences of NCP treatment with literature review. Combination of Ribavirin and Interferon-\u03b1 is recommended by the 5(th) edition National Health Commission's Regimen (Revised Edition) because of the effect on MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome), and the effectiveness of Lopinavir/Ritonavir and Remdisivir needs to be confirmed by randomized controlled trial (RCT), given the situation of no specific antivirus drug on NCP is unavailable. Systemic glucocorticosteroid is recommended as a short term use (1~2 mg.kg(-1).d(-1), 3~5d ) by the 5(th) edition National Health Commission's Regimen (Revised Edition) yet RCTs are expected to confirm the effectiveness. Inappropriate application of antibiotics should be avoided, especially the combination of broad-spectrum antibiotics, for the NCP is not often complicated with bacterial infection."}, {"pmid": 32426209, "pmcid": "PMC7228888", "title": "Are Type 1 Interferons treatment in Multiple Sclerosis as a potential therapy against COVID-19?", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Gemcioglu, Emin", "Davutoglu, Mehmet", "Ozdemir, Ese Ece", "Erden, Abdulsamet"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32283073, "pmcid": "PMC7151436", "title": "Care of the pregnant woman with coronavirus disease 2019 in labor and delivery: anesthesia, emergency cesarean delivery, differential diagnosis in the acutely ill parturient, care of the newborn, and protection of the healthcare personnel.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Ashokka, Balakrishnan", "Loh, May-Han", "Tan, Cher Heng", "Su, Lin Lin", "Young, Barnaby Edward", "Lye, David Chien", "Biswas, Arijit", "Illanes, Sebastian E", "Choolani, Mahesh"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283073", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. As the pandemic evolves rapidly, there are data emerging to suggest that pregnant women diagnosed as having coronavirus disease 2019 can have severe morbidities (up to 9%). This is in contrast to earlier data that showed good maternal and neonatal outcomes. Clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 include features of acute respiratory illnesses. Typical radiologic findings consists of patchy infiltrates on chest radiograph and ground glass opacities on computed tomography scan of the chest. Patients who are pregnant may present with atypical features such as the absence of fever as well as leukocytosis. Confirmation of coronavirus disease 2019 is by reverse transcriptase-polymerized chain reaction from upper airway swabs. When the reverse transcriptase-polymerized chain reaction test result is negative in suspect cases, chest imaging should be considered. A pregnant woman with coronavirus disease 2019 is at the greatest risk when she is in labor, especially if she is acutely ill. We present an algorithm of care for the acutely ill parturient and guidelines for the protection of the healthcare team who is caring for the patient. Key decisions are made based on the presence of maternal and/or fetal compromise, adequacy of maternal oxygenation (SpO2 >93%) and stability of maternal blood pressure. Although vertical transmission is unlikely, there must be measures in place to prevent neonatal infections. Routine birth processes such as delayed cord clamping and skin-to-skin bonding between mother and newborn need to be revised. Considerations can be made to allow the use of screened donated breast milk from mothers who are free of coronavirus disease 2019. We present management strategies derived from best available evidence to provide guidance in caring for the high-risk and acutely ill parturient. These include protection of the healthcare workers caring for the coronavirus disease 2019 gravida, establishing a diagnosis in symptomatic cases, deciding between reverse transcriptase-polymerized chain reaction and chest imaging, and management of the unwell parturient."}, {"pmid": 32458182, "pmcid": "PMC7250737", "title": "Rhythm blues in the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): how the cardiac electrophysiologist adapts to a viral pandemic in Singapore.", "journal": "J Interv Card Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Chia, Pow-Li", "Tan, Kenny", "Tan, Li Wei", "Chin, Pui See", "Foo, David"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458182", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a major healthcare disaster in the modern times. Healthcare services must adapt to effectively juggle between pandemic management and maintenance of business-as-usual services so that both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients receive appropriate clinical care. We share our experience of significant cardiac rhythm abnormalities seen in COVID-19 patients in Singapore, how the viral pandemic has affected the cardiac electrophysiology and pacing service in a large acute care general hospital and the steps taken to alleviate the negative impact."}, {"pmid": 32490680, "pmcid": "PMC7273900", "title": "Plasma albumin levels predict risk for nonsurvivors in critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Biomark Med", "authors": ["Li, Juyi", "Li, Meng", "Zheng, Shasha", "Li, Menglan", "Zhang, Minghua", "Sun, Minxian", "Li, Xiang", "Deng, Aiping", "Cai, Yi", "Zhang, Hongmei"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490680", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aim: We aimed to explore the biomarkers for disease progression or the risk of nonsurvivors. Materials &\u00a0methods: This study included 134 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. The outcome\u00a0of moderate versus severe versus critically ill patients and survivors versus nonsurvivors were compared. Results: An increase in the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia was positively associated with lower levels of platelets and albumin (all p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). In the critical group, the plasma levels of albumin continued to have a significant association for the risk of nonsurvivors (p\u00a0< 0.05), even after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: Albumin levels could be used as an independent predictor of the risk of nonsurvivors in critically ill patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32282303, "title": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Race Against Time.", "journal": "Curr Top Med Chem", "authors": ["Banerjee, Amit Kumar", "Arora, Neelima"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282303", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512479, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Review of guidelines for resuming non-urgent imaging and procedures in radiology during Phase II.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Azam, Saif A", "Myers, Lee", "Fields, Brandon K K", "Demirjian, Natalie L", "Patel, Dakshesh", "Roberge, Eric", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali", "Reddy, Sravanthi"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512479", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was designated as a pandemic by the World Health Organization, health care systems have been forced to adapt rapidly to defer less urgent care during the crisis. The United States (U.S.) has adopted a four-phase approach to decreasing and then resuming non-essential work. Through strong restrictive measures, Phase I slowed the spread of disease, allowing states to safely diagnose, isolate, and treat patients with COVID-19. In support of social distancing measures, non-urgent studies were postponed, and this created a backlog. Now, as states transition to Phase II, restrictions on non-essential activities will ease, and radiology departments must re-establish care while continuing to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 transmission all while accommodating this backlog. In this article, we propose a roadmap that incorporates the current practice guidelines and subject matter consensus statements for the phased reopening of non-urgent and elective radiology services. This roadmap will focus on operationalizing these recommendations for patient care and workforce management. Tiered systems are proposed for the prioritization of elective procedures, with physician-to-physician communication encouraged. Infection control methods, provision of personal protective equipment (PPE), and physical distancing measures are highlighted. Finally, changes in hours of operation, hiring strategies, and remote reading services are discussed for their potential to ease the transition to normal operations."}, {"pmid": 32320477, "pmcid": "PMC7264731", "title": "Chloroquine Dosing Recommendations for Pediatric COVID-19 Supported by Modeling and Simulation.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Verscheijden, Laurens F M", "van der Zanden, Tjitske M", "van Bussel, Lianne P M", "de Hoop-Sommen, Marika", "Russel, Frans G M", "Johnson, Trevor N", "de Wildt, Saskia N"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320477", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As chloroquine (CHQ) is part of the Dutch Centre for Infectious Disease Control coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experimental treatment guideline, pediatric dosing guidelines are needed. Recent pediatric data suggest that existing World Health Organization (WHO) dosing guidelines for children with malaria are suboptimal. The aim of our study was to establish best-evidence to inform pediatric CHQ doses for children infected with COVID-19. A previously developed physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK)\u00a0model for CHQ was used to simulate exposure in adults and children and verified against published pharmacokinetic data. The COVID-19 recommended adult dosage regimen of 44\u00a0mg/kg total was tested in adults and children to evaluate the extent of variation in exposure. Based on differences in area under the concentration-time curve from zero to 70 hours (AUC0-70h ) the optimal CHQ dose was determined in children of different ages compared with adults. Revised doses were re-introduced into the model to verify that overall CHQ exposure in each age band was within 5% of the predicted adult value. Simulations showed differences in drug exposure in children of different ages and adults when the same body-weight based dose is given. As such, we propose the following total cumulative doses: 35\u00a0mg/kg (CHQ base) for children 0-1\u00a0month, 47\u00a0mg/kg for 1-6\u00a0months, 55\u00a0mg/kg for 6\u00a0months-12\u00a0years, and 44\u00a0mg/kg for adolescents and adults, not to exceed 3,300\u00a0mg in any patient. Our study supports age-adjusted CHQ dosing in children with COVID-19 in order to avoid suboptimal or toxic doses. The knowledge-driven, model-informed dose selection paradigm can serve as a science-based alternative to recommend pediatric dosing when pediatric clinical trial data is absent."}, {"pmid": 32320003, "pmcid": "PMC7177629", "title": "Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Richardson, Safiya", "Hirsch, Jamie S", "Narasimhan, Mangala", "Crawford, James M", "McGinn, Thomas", "Davidson, Karina W", "Barnaby, Douglas P", "Becker, Lance B", "Chelico, John D", "Cohen, Stuart L", "Cookingham, Jennifer", "Coppa, Kevin", "Diefenbach, Michael A", "Dominello, Andrew J", "Duer-Hefele, Joan", "Falzon, Louise", "Gitlin, Jordan", "Hajizadeh, Negin", "Harvin, Tiffany G", "Hirschwerk, David A", "Kim, Eun Ji", "Kozel, Zachary M", "Marrast, Lyndonna M", "Mogavero, Jazmin N", "Osorio, Gabrielle A", "Qiu, Michael", "Zanos, Theodoros P"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320003", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is limited information describing the presenting characteristics and outcomes of US patients requiring hospitalization for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a US health care system. Case series of patients with COVID-19 admitted to 12 hospitals in New York City, Long Island, and Westchester County, New York, within the Northwell Health system. The study included all sequentially hospitalized patients between March 1, 2020, and April 4, 2020, inclusive of these dates. Confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by positive result on polymerase chain reaction testing of a nasopharyngeal sample among patients requiring admission. Clinical outcomes during hospitalization, such as invasive mechanical ventilation, kidney replacement therapy, and death. Demographics, baseline comorbidities, presenting vital signs, and test results were also collected. A total of 5700 patients were included (median age, 63 years [interquartile range {IQR}, 52-75; range, 0-107 years]; 39.7% female). The most common comorbidities were hypertension (3026; 56.6%), obesity (1737; 41.7%), and diabetes (1808; 33.8%). At triage, 30.7% of patients were febrile, 17.3% had a respiratory rate greater than 24 breaths/minute, and 27.8% received supplemental oxygen. The rate of respiratory virus co-infection was 2.1%. Outcomes were assessed for 2634 patients who were discharged or had died at the study end point. During hospitalization, 373 patients (14.2%) (median age, 68 years [IQR, 56-78]; 33.5% female) were treated in the intensive care unit care, 320 (12.2%) received invasive mechanical ventilation, 81 (3.2%) were treated with kidney replacement therapy, and 553 (21%) died. Mortality for those requiring mechanical ventilation was 88.1%. The median postdischarge follow-up time was 4.4 days (IQR, 2.2-9.3). A total of 45 patients (2.2%) were readmitted during the study period. The median time to readmission was 3 days (IQR, 1.0-4.5) for readmitted patients. Among the 3066 patients who remained hospitalized at the final study follow-up date (median age, 65 years [IQR, 54-75]), the median follow-up at time of censoring was 4.5 days (IQR, 2.4-8.1). This case series provides characteristics and early outcomes of sequentially hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in the New York City area."}, {"pmid": 32525700, "title": "Multi-System Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in Association with COVID-19.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Simpson, John M", "Newburger, Jane W"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525700", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300993, "pmcid": "PMC7160820", "title": "Collective Call to Action for HIV/AIDS Community-Based Collaborative Science in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Shoptaw, Steven", "Goodman-Meza, David", "Landovitz, Raphael J"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300993", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32258351, "pmcid": "PMC7118644", "title": "Current knowledge about the antivirals remdesivir (GS-5734) and GS-441524 as therapeutic options for coronaviruses.", "journal": "One Health", "authors": ["Amirian, E Susan", "Levy, Julie K"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32258351", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent international epidemics of coronavirus-associated illnesses underscore the urgent medical and public health need for vaccine development and regulatory body approved therapies. In particular, the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has quickly intensified interest in developing treatment options to mitigate impact on human life. Remdesivir (GS-5734\u2122) is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug that is now being tested as a potential treatment for COVID-19 in international, multi-site clinical trials. Currently available evidence about the antiviral effects of remdesivir against coronaviruses is primarily based on in vitro and in vivo studies (including some on a chemically related compound, GS-441524\u2122), which have demonstrated largely favorable findings. As the pandemic progresses, information from human compassionate use cases will continue to accumulate before the clinical trials are concluded. It is imperative for public health practitioners and the One Health community to stay up to date on the most promising potential therapeutic options that are under investigation. Thus, the purpose of this review is to synthesize the knowledge to date about remdesivir as a therapeutic option for coronaviruses, with a special focus on information relevant to the One Health community."}, {"pmid": 32203970, "pmcid": "PMC7179544", "title": "Should COVID-19 Concern Nephrologists? Why and to What Extent? The Emerging Impasse of Angiotensin Blockade.", "journal": "Nephron", "authors": ["Perico, Luca", "Benigni, Ariela", "Remuzzi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203970", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Here, we review the most recent findings on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on kidney diseases, including acute kidney injury, and examine the potential effects of ARBs on the outcomes of patients with COVID-19. Lastly, we discuss the clinical management of COVID-19 patients with existing chronic renal disorders, particularly those in dialysis and with kidney transplants."}, {"pmid": 32357471, "title": "Feasibility of Known RNA Polymerase Inhibitors as Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Drugs.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Neogi, Ujjwal", "Hill, Kyle J", "Ambikan, Anoop T", "Heng, Xiao", "Quinn, Thomas P", "Byrareddy, Siddappa N", "Sonnerborg, Anders", "Sarafianos, Stefan G", "Singh, Kamal"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357471", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are positive-stranded RNA viruses that infect humans and animals. Infection by CoVs such as HCoV-229E, -NL63, -OC43 and -HKU1 leads to the common cold, short lasting rhinitis, cough, sore throat and fever. However, CoVs such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and the newest SARS-CoV-2 (the causative agent of COVID-19) lead to severe and deadly diseases with mortality rates ranging between ~1 to 35% depending on factors such as age and pre-existing conditions. Despite continuous global health threats to humans, there are no approved vaccines or drugs targeting human CoVs, and the recent outbreak of COVID-19 emphasizes an urgent need for therapeutic interventions. Using computational and bioinformatics tools, here we present the feasibility of reported broad-spectrum RNA polymerase inhibitors as anti- SARS-CoV-2 drugs targeting its main RNA polymerase, suggesting that investigational and approved nucleoside RNA polymerase inhibitors have potential as anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. However, we note that it is also possible for SARS-CoV-2 to evolve and acquire drug resistance mutations against these nucleoside inhibitors."}, {"pmid": 32279309, "pmcid": "PMC7262322", "title": "The role of mental health home hospitalization care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Psychiatr Scand", "authors": ["Garriga, M", "Agasi, I", "Fedida, E", "Pinzon-Espinosa, J", "Vazquez, M", "Pacchiarotti, I", "Vieta, E"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279309", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192247, "title": "Covid-19: The right amount of wolf.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Orstavik, Ragnhild E"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192247", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372840, "pmcid": "PMC7195264", "title": "Remaining hopeful.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Lu, Donna"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372840", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Jane Goodall has tirelessly fought for a better world for humans and wildlife, and with covid-19 she says there are reasons to stay positive, finds Donna Lu."}, {"pmid": 32424417, "title": "Doctor of Physical Therapy Education in a Hybrid Learning Environment: Reimagining the Possibilities and Navigating a \"New Normal\".", "journal": "Phys Ther", "authors": ["Gagnon, Kendra", "Young, Brian", "Bachman, Teresa", "Longbottom, Thomas", "Severin, Richard", "Walker, Michael J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424417", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Professional physical therapist education has experienced a transformation over the last few decades, moving to a doctoring profession with more autonomy and a broader scope of practice. These changes have occurred in parallel with systemic and structural changes in health care and higher education, both of which have experienced challenges with improving access and controlling costs, and have become a centerpiece of legislative and political discourse. At the same time, advances in technology have introduced new possibilities in education, with the emergence of online, blended, and \"flipped\" learning models that supplement or replace face-to-face instruction with distance learning. Hybrid education is a type of blended learning, utilizing both face-to-face and online instructional strategies. In a hybrid learning environment, online content may be delivered synchronously or asynchronously, replacing traditional face-to-face instructional time and reducing \"seat time\" for students. Recent attention has been brought to online and hybrid/blended learning in physical therapist education in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, as programs have been required to abruptly move from face to face to remote instruction. Hybrid and other forms of blended learning strategies have been described at the physical therapist education course level. However, there is no literature describing hybrid learning implementation at the physical therapist education program levsel, and there has been limited discussion on best practices for delivering hybrid, blended, and online instruction in physical therapist education. This perspective provides an overview of hybrid education, describes theoretical frameworks that guide implementation of a hybrid education curriculum, and discusses future directions for hybrid physical therapist education and educational research."}, {"pmid": 32114744, "title": "[Pregnancy with new coronavirus infection: clinical characteristics and placental pathological analysis of three cases].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, S", "Huang, B", "Luo, D J", "Li, X", "Yang, F", "Zhao, Y", "Nie, X", "Huang, B X"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114744", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and placental pathology of 2019-nCoV infection in pregnancy,and to evaluate intrauterine vertical transmission potential of 2019-nCoV infection. Methods: The placentas delivered from pregnant women with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection which were received in the Department of Pathology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology by February 4, 2020 were retrospectively studied. Their clinical material including placental tissue and lung CT, and laboratory results were collected, meanwhile, nucleic acid detection of 2019-nCoV of the placentas were performed by RT-PCR. Results: Three placentas delivered from pregnant women with confirmed 2019-nCoV infection, who were all in their third trimester with emergency caesarean section. All of the three patients presented with fever (one before caesarean and two in postpartum), and had no significant leukopenia and lymphopenia. Neonatal throat swabs from three newborns were tested for 2019-nCoV, and all samples were negative for the nucleic acid of 2019-nCoV. One premature infant was transferred to Department of Neonatology due to low birth weight. By the end of February 25, 2020, none of the three patients developed severe 2019-nCoV pneumonia or died(two patients had been cured and discharged, while another one had been transferred to a square cabin hospital for isolation treatment). There were various degrees of fibrin deposition inside and around the villi with local syncytial nodule increases in all three placentas. One case of placenta showed the concomitant morphology of chorionic hemangioma and another one with massive placental infarction. No pathological change of villitis and chorioamnionitis was observed in our observation of three cases. All samples from three placentas were negative for the nucleic acid of 2019-nCoV. Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of pregnant women with 2019-nCoV infection in late pregnancy are similar to those of non-pregnant patients, and no severe adverse pregnancy outcome is found in the 3 cases of our observation. Pathological study suggests that there are no morphological changes related to infection in the three placentas. Currently no evidence for intrauterine vertical transmission of 2019-nCoV is found in the three women infected by 2019-nCoV in their late pregnancy."}, {"pmid": 32367812, "title": "[First case of COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab in Iceland].", "journal": "Laeknabladid", "authors": ["Bjornsson, Aron Hjalti", "Olafsdottir, Thorbjorg", "Thormar, Katrin Maria", "Kristjansson, Mar", "Thorisdottir, Anna Sesselja", "Ludviksson, Bjorn Runar", "Guethmundsson, Sigurdur", "Gottfredsson, Magnus"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367812", "countries": ["Iceland"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A gentleman in his early fifties became ill with flu-like symptoms after vacationing abroad and was diagnosed with COVID-19 after returning to Iceland. A few days later he was admitted to the University Hospital, Landspitali, due to worsening respiratory symptoms and severe fatigue. A computed tomography scan of lthe lungs showed diffuse bilateral consolidations and ground glass changes. He developed respiratory failure and was transferred to the intensive care unit where he received further treatment, including tocilizumab (IL-6 receptor inhibitor). He subsequently showed clinical improvement and did not require endotracheal intubation."}, {"pmid": 32504982, "pmcid": "PMC7212977", "title": "Paediatric aspects of COVID-19: An update.", "journal": "Respir Med Res", "authors": ["Kammoun, R", "Masmoudi, K"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504982", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32264791, "pmcid": "PMC7188049", "title": "Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: SARS-CoV-2 Receptor and Regulator of the Renin-Angiotensin System: Celebrating the 20th Anniversary of the Discovery of ACE2.", "journal": "Circ Res", "authors": ["Gheblawi, Mahmoud", "Wang, Kaiming", "Viveiros, Anissa", "Nguyen, Quynh", "Zhong, Jiu-Chang", "Turner, Anthony J", "Raizada, Mohan K", "Grant, Maria B", "Oudit, Gavin Y"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264791", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) has a multiplicity of physiological roles that revolve around its trivalent function: a negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, facilitator of amino acid transport, and the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2 receptor. ACE2 is widely expressed, including, in the lungs, cardiovascular system, gut, kidneys, central nervous system, and adipose tissue. ACE2 has recently been identified as the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, the infective agent responsible for coronavirus disease 2019, providing a critical link between immunity, inflammation, ACE2, and cardiovascular disease. Although sharing a close evolutionary relationship with SARS-CoV, the receptor-binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 differs in several key amino acid residues, allowing for stronger binding affinity with the human ACE2 receptor, which may account for the greater pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2. The loss of ACE2 function following binding by SARS-CoV-2 is driven by endocytosis and activation of proteolytic cleavage and processing. The ACE2 system is a critical protective pathway against heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction including, myocardial infarction and hypertension, and against lung disease and diabetes mellitus. The control of gut dysbiosis and vascular permeability by ACE2 has emerged as an essential mechanism of pulmonary hypertension and diabetic cardiovascular complications. Recombinant ACE2, gene-delivery of Ace2, Ang 1-7 analogs, and Mas receptor agonists enhance ACE2 action and serve as potential therapies for disease conditions associated with an activated renin-angiotensin system. rhACE2 (recombinant human ACE2) has completed clinical trials and efficiently lowered or increased plasma angiotensin II and angiotensin 1-7 levels, respectively. Our review summarizes the progress over the past 20 years, highlighting the critical role of ACE2 as the novel SARS-CoV-2 receptor and as the negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, together with implications for the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and associated cardiovascular diseases."}, {"pmid": 32279351, "pmcid": "PMC7262043", "title": "We urgently need guidelines for managing COVID-19 in children with comorbidities.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Dayal, Devi"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279351", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425714, "pmcid": "PMC7229468", "title": "Minimal Access Gardening: Laparoscopic techniques during COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Ma, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425714", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To demonstrate techniques of laparoscopic surgery while all elective procedures are suspended. Stepwise demonstration of key skills required when gardening with minimal access techniques. Gynaecologist residence in self-isolation, Manchester, United Kingdom. Due to COVID-19 pandemic, elective operations are currently suspended in the United Kingdom. In addition there has been concerns regarding the safety of laparoscopic surgery and risk of transmission of COVID-19.1,2 As a result laparoscopic surgeons are at risk of skill deterioration and it is uncertain whether this may impact on patient safety when lockdown measures are de-escalated."}, {"pmid": 32495985, "title": "The association between D-dimers in COVID-19 patients and mortality remains beset of uncertainties.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Gris, Jean-Christophe", "Loubet, Paul", "Roger, Claire", "Cochery-Nouvellon, Eva", "Mauboussin, Jean-Marc", "Muller, Laurent", "Bouvier, Sylvie", "Laureillard, Didier", "Davide Barbar, Saber", "Mercier, Erick", "Lefrant, Jean-Yves", "Sotto, Albert"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495985", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We appreciated the response to our letter from Dr. Zhang and colleagues who actively support D-dimer level at admission as an effective and easy-to-perform laboratory predictor in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (1). We congratulate them for the work and thank them for the arguments they have provided. However, we still have many doubts, which observation of the cases we have managed in our university hospital do not dispel."}, {"pmid": 32439245, "pmcid": "PMC7211642", "title": "Vaginal delivery in a woman infected with SARS-CoV-2 - The first case reported in Portugal.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Polonia-Valente, R", "Moucho, M", "Tavares, M", "Vilan, A", "Montenegro, N", "Rodrigues, T"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439245", "countries": ["Portugal"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441336, "title": "Participating in telehealth is a complex occupation.", "journal": "Aust Occup Ther J", "authors": ["Pereira, Robert B"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32309815, "pmcid": "PMC7162623", "title": "Transient Brugada-like ECG pattern in a patient with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Vidovich, Mladen I"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309815", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32288417, "pmcid": "PMC7137856", "title": "Preliminary Assessment of the COVID-19 Outbreak Using 3-Staged Model e-ISHR.", "journal": "J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci", "authors": ["Li, Sijia", "Song, Kun", "Yang, Boran", "Gao, Yucen", "Gao, Xiaofeng"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288417", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan has aroused widespread concern and attention from all over the world. Many articles have predicted the development of the epidemic. Most of them only use very basic SEIR model without considering the real situation. In this paper, we build a model called e-ISHR model based on SEIR model. Then we add hospital system and time delay system into the original model to simulate the spread of COVID-19 better. Besides, in order to take the government's control and people's awareness into consideration, we change our e-ISHR model into a 3-staged model which effectively shows the impact of these factors on the spread of the disease. By using this e-ISHR model, we fit and predict the number of confirmed cases in Wuhan and China except Hubei. We also change some of parameters in our model. The results indicate the importance of isolation and increasing the number of beds in hospital."}, {"pmid": 32423895, "title": "Managing Ramadan queries in COVID-19.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Waqar, Salman", "Ghouri, Nazim"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423895", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32176272, "pmcid": "PMC7081176", "title": "Estimation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Burden and Potential for International Dissemination of Infection From Iran.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Tuite, Ashleigh R", "Bogoch, Isaac I", "Sherbo, Ryan", "Watts, Alexander", "Fisman, David", "Khan, Kamran"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32176272", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531704, "pmcid": "PMC7260596", "title": "Mental health considerations for patients with epilepsy during COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Epilepsy Behav", "authors": ["Kuroda, Naoto"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531704", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221117, "pmcid": "PMC7188030", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak and Surgical Practice: Unexpected Fatality in Perioperative Period.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Aminian, Ali", "Safari, Saeed", "Razeghian-Jahromi, Abdolali", "Ghorbani, Mohammad", "Delaney, Conor P"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221117", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": Little is known about surgical practice in the initial phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global crisis. This is a retrospective case series of 4 surgical patients (cholecystectomy, hernia repair, gastric bypass, and hysterectomy) who developed perioperative complications in the first few weeks of COVID-19 outbreak in Tehran, Iran in the month of February 2020. COVID-19 can complicate the perioperative course with diagnostic challenge and a high potential fatality rate. In locations with widespread infections and limited resources, the risk of elective surgical procedures for index patient and community may outweigh the benefit."}, {"pmid": 32422410, "pmcid": "PMC7227500", "title": "Multiple-centre clinical evaluation of an ultrafast single-tube assay for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Wang, J", "Cai, K", "He, X", "Shen, X", "Wang, J", "Liu, J", "Xu, J", "Qiu, F", "Lei, W", "Cui, L", "Ge, Y", "Wu, T", "Zhang, Y", "Yan, H", "Chen, Y", "Yu, J", "Ma, X", "Shi, H", "Zhang, R", "Li, X", "Gao, Y", "Niu, P", "Tan, W", "Wu, G", "Jiang, Y", "Xu, W", "Ma, X"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422410", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the performance of an ultrafast single-tube nucleic acid isothermal amplification detection assay for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA using clinical samples from multiple centres. A reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) assay for SARS-CoV-2 was conducted within 15\u00a0minutes at 39\u00b0C with portable instruments after addition of extracted RNA. The clinical performance of RT-RAA assay was evaluated using 947 clinical samples from five institutions in four regions of China; approved commercial fluorescence quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) kits were used for parallel detection. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-RAA were compared and analysed. The RT-RAA test results of 926 samples were consistent with those of qRT-PCR (330 were positive, 596 negative); 21 results were inconsistent. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-RAA was 97.63% (330/338, 95% confidence interval (CI) 95.21 to 98.90) and 97.87% (596/609, 95% CI 96.28 to 98.81) respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 96.21% (330/343, 95% CI 93.45 to 97.88) and 98.68% (596/604, 95% CI 97.30 to 99.38) respectively. The total coincidence rate was 97.78% (926/947, 95% CI 96.80 to 98.70), and the kappa was 0.952 (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). With comparable sensitivity and specificity to the commercial qRT-PCR kits, RT-RAA assay for SARS-CoV-2 exhibited the distinctive advantages of simplicity and rapidity in terms of operation and turnaround time."}, {"pmid": 32315887, "pmcid": "PMC7158779", "title": "The anatomy of panic buying related to the current COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Sim, Kang", "Chua, Hong Choon", "Vieta, Eduard", "Fernandez, George"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315887", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520247, "title": "The coronavirus crisis and its impact on residential care homes for the elderly in Spain.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Cabrero, Gregorio Rodriguez"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520247", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484975, "title": "Myocardial injury characterized by elevated cardiac troponin and in-hospital mortality of COVID-19: an insight from a meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Aikawa, Tadao", "Takagi, Hisato", "Ishikawa, Kiyotake", "Kuno, Toshiki"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484975", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Elevation of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) is a surrogate of myocardial injury, which appears to be a common complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to clarify the association between myocardial injury assessed by hs-cTn levels and in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19. All existing studies on myocardial injury in patients with COVID-19 were retrieved from PubMed and EMBASE through April 13, 2020. In cases where overlap of the study population or enrollment period was found in articles published from the same hospitals, the article with the largest number of patients was only included in the analysis. The pooled odds ratio was calculated using inverse variance weighted random-effects models. Six observational studies which included a total of 1,231 patients met the search criteria. The percentage of patients with hs-cTn levels varied across the studies (13-41%). Elevated hs-cTn levels were significantly associated with an increase in in-hospital mortality (pooled odds ratio, 22.7; 95% confidence interval, 13.6-38.1; P<0.001) with a moderate heterogeneity (I2 =28%), suggesting that elevated hs-cTn levels might be used as a reliable marker of disease severity early in the course of COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32324284, "pmcid": "PMC7264743", "title": "COVID-19 infection and treatment with hydroxychloroquine cause severe haemolysis crisis in a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency.", "journal": "Eur J Haematol", "authors": ["Beauverd, Yan", "Adam, Yannick", "Assouline, Benjamin", "Samii, Kaveh"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324284", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an inherited genetic disorder caused by red cell enzymatic defects and is associated with haemolytic crisis when patients are exposed to oxidative agents (fava beans, drugs, infections). Hydroxychloroquine is suspected to trigger haemolytic crisis in G6PD-deficient patients, and off-label administration of this drug to patients infected with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) could cause concern. We report here the first case of severe haemolytic crisis in a patient with G6PD deficiency, initiated by severe COVID-19 infection and hydroxychloroquine use. With worldwide spread of COVID-19, especially in regions with a high prevalence of G6PD deficiency, our case should alert physicians to this possible correlation."}, {"pmid": 32354637, "pmcid": "PMC7142878", "title": "COVID-19 infection in kidney transplant recipients.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Banerjee, Debasish", "Popoola, Joyce", "Shah, Sapna", "Ster, Irina Chis", "Quan, Virginia", "Phanish, Mysore"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354637", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "By 21 March 2020 infections related to the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 had affected people from 177 countries and caused 11,252 reported deaths worldwide. Little is known about risk, presentation and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in kidney transplantation recipients, who may be at high-risk due to long-term immunosuppression, comorbidity and residual chronic kidney disease. Whilst COVID-19 is predominantly a respiratory disease, in severe cases it can cause kidney and multi-organ failure. It is unknown if immunocompromised hosts are at higher risk of more severe systemic disease. Therefore, we report on seven cases of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients (median age 54 (range 45-69), three females, from a cohort of 2082 managed transplant follow-up patients) over a six-week period in three south London hospitals. Two of seven patients presented within three months of transplantation. Overall, two were managed on an out-patient basis, but the remaining five required hospital admission, four in intensive care units. All patients displayed respiratory symptoms and fever. Other common clinical features included hypoxia, chest crepitation, lymphopenia and high C-reactive protein. Very high D dimer, ferritin and troponin levels occurred in severe cases and likely prognostic. Immunosuppression was modified in six of seven patients. Three patients with severe disease were diabetic. During a three week follow up one patient recovered, and one patient died. Thus, our findings suggest COVID-19 infection in kidney transplant patients may be severe, requiring intensive care admission. The symptoms are predominantly respiratory and associated with fever. Most patients had their immunosuppression reduced and were treated with supportive therapy."}, {"pmid": 32360448, "pmcid": "PMC7194898", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 positivity in a discharged COVID-19 patient: a case report.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Li, J", "Long, X", "Fang, X", "Zhang, Q", "Hu, S", "Lin, Z", "Xiong, N"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360448", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330105, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Critical Care Allocated in Extremis.", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["Goold, Susan Dorr"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330105", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389715, "pmcid": "PMC7205672", "title": "Exploring the risk of severe COVID-19 infection in hidradenitis suppurativa patients.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Seltzer, Janyla A", "Okeke, Chidubem A V", "Perry, Jessica D", "Shipman, William D", "Okoye, Ginette A", "Byrd, Angel S"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389715", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496340, "title": "Management of Digestive Disorders and Procedures Associated With COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiaomei", "Tang, Chengwei", "Tian, Dean", "Hou, Xiaohua", "Yang, Yunsheng"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496340", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500322, "pmcid": "PMC7272104", "title": "Securing Posterior Auricular Incision with Button Headbands in Prominent Ear Patients Wearing Surgical Masks for Self-protection in the Pandemic.", "journal": "Aesthetic Plast Surg", "authors": ["Ozkan, Burak", "Uysal, Cagri A", "Ertas, Nilgun M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500322", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this letter, we describe an attachment on conventional headbands recommended for the postoperative period in prominent ear patients to confidently wear surgical masks without disturbing the posterior auricular incision. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266."}, {"pmid": 32499132, "pmcid": "PMC7246015", "title": "The public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic for people with disabilities.", "journal": "Disabil Health J", "authors": ["Boyle, Coleen A", "Fox, Michael H", "Havercamp, Susan M", "Zubler, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499132", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the rapidly changing landscape of the Covid-19 outbreak, how to best address the needs and continue to protect the health and well-being of people with disabilities (PwDs) is a global public health priority. In this commentary we identify three public health areas of ongoing need and offer possible strategies to address each. These areas include: the types of data that would help clarify risks for PwDs and help assure their safety long term; the prevention, treatment and mitigation measures for PwDs that are needed through the duration of the outbreak; and the issues of equity in access to and quality of medical care for PwDs. Because of the rapid nature of the public health response, it is critical to reassess and readjust our approach to best address the needs of PwDs in the months and years to come and to incorporate these new practices into future emergency preparedness responses."}, {"pmid": 32462324, "pmcid": "PMC7251216", "title": "Spontaneous echo contrast in venous ultrasound of severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Dugar, Siddharth", "Duggal, Abhijit", "Bassel, Akbik", "Soliman, Mona", "Moghekar, Ajit"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462324", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429536, "title": "Emerging Adults and COVID-19: The Role of Individualism-Collectivism on Perceived Risks and Psychological Maladjustment.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Germani, Alessandro", "Buratta, Livia", "Delvecchio, Elisa", "Mazzeschi, Claudia"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429536", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has dramatically changed our habits and routines. Uncertainty, insecurity, instability for the present and future, and reduced autonomy and self-directedness, are common feelings at the time of COVID-19. These aspects are very important during emerging adulthood. In spite of the fact that medical reports suggest that youth are less prone to experience COVID-19 infections, emerging adults might be at higher risk for their psychological adjustment. Emerging adults showed higher concerns about their role as a possible asymptomatic carrier than being positive with COVID-19 themselves. Both worries and concerns about COVID-19 and psychological maladjustment may be related to cultural factors. Individualism, collectivism, equality, and hierarchy seem to be meaningful perspectives to take into account. A total of 1183 Italian emerging adults were asked to fill out an online survey during the second week of the national lockdown in Italy. Results showed they reported an accurate perceived knowledge about COVID-19. At the same time, they showed higher worries and concerns about COVID-19 for their relatives, followed by more general/social worries. The lowest score included worries about COVID-19 related to themselves. State anxiety and stress levels were above the normal cutoff, confirming the challenges that emerging adults are facing during the pandemic. On one hand, emerging adults' collectivistic orientation was related to higher perceived risks of infection; on the other hand, it predicted lower psychological maladjustment, controlling for socio-demographic variables. The study suggests that to fight the COVID-19 pandemic and decrease levels of psychological maladjustment in emerging adulthood, individuals' cultural orientation such as the wish of sharing common goals with others, interdependence, and sociability, have to be emphasized and promoted as protective factors."}, {"pmid": 32457525, "title": "Coronavirus modelling - boost developing world capacity.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Iychettira, Kaveri", "Siddiqi, Afreen"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457525", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340997, "title": "Global regulatory agility during covid-19 and other health emergencies.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mak, Tippi K", "Lim, John Cw", "Thanaphollert, Prapassorn", "Mahlangu, Gugu N", "Cooke, Emer", "Lumpkin, Murray M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340997", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330077, "title": "Reply to \"Vascular Changes Detected With Thoracic CT in Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Might Be Significant Determinants for Accurate Diagnosis and Optimal Patient Management\".", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Salehi, Sana", "Abedi, Aidin", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330077", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353740, "pmcid": "PMC7195355", "title": "Serum albumin-mediated strategy for the effective targeting of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Mani Mishra, Pushpendra", "Uversky, Vladimir N", "Nandi, Chayan K"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353740", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus (NCoV-19), also known as SARS CoV-2, is a pathogen causing an emerging infection that rapidly increases in incidence and geographic range, is associated with the ever-increasing morbidity and mortality rates, and shows sever economic impact worldwide. The WHO declares the NCoV-19 infection disease (COVID-19) a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020 and subsequently, on March 11, 2020, declared it a Global Pandemic. Although some people infected with SARS CoV-2 have no symptoms, the spectrum of symptomatic infection ranges from mild to critical, with most COVID-19 infections being not severe. The common mild symptoms include body aches, dry cough, fatigue, low-grade fever, nasal congestion, and sore throat. More severe COVID-19 symptoms are typical of pneumonia, and upon progression, the patient's condition can worsen with severe respiratory and cardiac problems. Currently, there is no drug or vaccine for curing patients. It has been observed that people with challenged immunity are highly prone to SARS CoV-2 infection and least likely to recover. Also, older adults and people of any age with serious underlying medical conditions might be at higher risk for severe forms of COVID-19. We are suggesting here a strategy for the COVID-19 treatment that could be effective in curing the patients in the current scenario when no efficient medicine or Vaccine is currently available, and Clinicians solely depend upon the performing trials with drugs with known antiviral activities. Our proposed strategy is based on the compilation of published scientific research and concepts. The different published research indicates the success of a similar strategy in different physiological conditions, and such a strategy is widely studied at the cellular level and in animal models."}, {"pmid": 32294548, "pmcid": "PMC7154518", "title": "Minimally Invasive Surgery at the Time of COVID-19: The OR Staff Needs Protection.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Bogani, Giorgio", "Raspagliesi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294548", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250193, "pmcid": "PMC7222670", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Considerations for the Competitive Athlete.", "journal": "Sports Health", "authors": ["Toresdahl, Brett G", "Asif, Irfan M"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250193", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414748, "pmcid": "PMC7234868", "title": "Gendered implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for policies and programmes in humanitarian settings.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Fuhrman, Sarah", "Kalyanpur, Anushka", "Friedman, Susannah", "Tran, Nguyen Toan"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414748", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311790, "pmcid": "PMC7264631", "title": "Comparing Rapid Scoring Systems in Mortality Prediction of Critically Ill Patients With Novel Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Hu, Hai", "Yao, Ni", "Qiu, Yanru"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311790", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid and early severity-of-illness assessment appears to be important for critically ill patients with novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the rapid scoring system on admission of these patients. A total of 138 medical records of critically ill patients with COVID-19 were included in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics on admission used for calculating Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS) and Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS) and outcomes (survival or death) were collected for each case and extracted for analysis. All patients were divided into two age subgroups (<65 years and \u226565\u00a0years). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed for overall patients and both subgroups. The median [25th quartile, 75th quartile] of MEWS of survivors versus nonsurvivors were 1 [1, 2] and 2 [1, 3] and those of REMS were 5 [2, 6] and 7 [6, 10], respectively. In overall analysis, the area under the ROC curve for the REMS in predicting mortality was 0.833 (95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0= 0.737 to 0.928), higher than that of MEWS (0.677, 95% CI\u00a0= 0.541 to 0.813). An optimal cutoff of REMS (\u22656) had a sensitivity of 89.5%, a specificity of 69.8%, a positive predictive value of 39.5%, and a negative predictive value of 96.8%. In the analysis of subgroup of patients aged <65\u00a0years, the area under the ROC curve for the REMS in predicting mortality was 0.863 (95% CI\u00a0= 0.743 to 0.941), higher than that of MEWS (0.603, 95% CI\u00a0= 0.462 to 0.732). To our knowledge, this study was the first exploration on rapid scoring systems for critically ill patients with COVID-19. The REMS could provide emergency clinicians with an effective adjunct risk stratification tool for critically ill patients with COVID-19, especially for the patients aged <65\u00a0years. The effectiveness of REMS for screening these patients is attributed to its high negative predictive value."}, {"pmid": 32347453, "pmcid": "PMC7187802", "title": "Redesigning a Department of Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Gastrointest Surg", "authors": ["Brethauer, Stacy A", "Poulose, Benjamin K", "Needleman, Bradley J", "Sims, Carrie", "Arnold, Mark", "Washburn, Kenneth", "Tsung, Allan", "Mokadam, Nahush", "Sarac, Timur", "Merritt, Robert", "Pawlik, Timothy M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347453", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has created an urgent need for reorganization and surge planning among departments of surgery across the USA. Review of the COVID-19 planning process and work products in preparation for a patient surge. Organizational and process changes, workflow redesign, and communication plans are presented. The planning process included widespread collaboration among leadership from many disciplines. The department of surgery played a leading role in establishing clinical protocols, guidelines, and policies in preparation for a surge of COVID-19 patients. A multidisciplinary approach with input from clinical and nonclinical stakeholders is critical to successful crisis planning. A clear communication plan should be implemented early and input from trainees, staff, and faculty should be solicited. Major departmental and health system reorganization is required to adapt academic surgical practices to a widespread crisis. Surgical leadership, innovation, and flexibility are critical to successful planning and implementation."}, {"pmid": 32304639, "pmcid": "PMC7159857", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on people with cystic fibrosis.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Colombo, Carla", "Burgel, Pierre-Regis", "Gartner, Silvia", "van Koningsbruggen-Rietschel, Silke", "Naehrlich, Lutz", "Sermet-Gaudelus, Isabelle", "Southern, Kevin W"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304639", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299654, "pmcid": "PMC7194963", "title": "The first case of COVID-19 infection in a 75-day-old infant in Jahrom City, south of Iran.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Mogharab, Vahid", "Pasha, Anahita Manafi Khajeh", "Javdani, Frashid", "Hatami, Naser"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299654", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32331795, "pmcid": "PMC7129789", "title": "[Clinical involvement and symptoms of patients older than 65 years with COVID-19].", "journal": "Aten Primaria", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Silva, Yolanda", "Bahillo Marcos, Esther", "Martin Gutierrez, Ruperto", "Merino, Mateo Martin"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331795", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470229, "title": "An introduction to economic studies, health emergencies, and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Evid Based Med", "authors": ["Clarke, Lorcan"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470229", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has created widespread harm and disruption. Countries have implemented unprecedented measures to protect the lives and livelihoods of their inhabitants. The scope and composition of these responses are shaped, in part, by research and analysis about the estimated economic impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic and proposed responses to it. This analysis outlines basic features and principles involved in economic studies, specifically economic impact studies and economic evaluations, which have formed a significant part of the ever-increasing evidence base about COVID-19. This analysis introduces economic studies in this context, highlighting what they can do, their limitations, and key steps involved in conducting them. It highlights examples of economic analysis focused on COVID-19 and on health emergencies and disasters more broadly. Knowing how economic studies are conducted, and their limitations, will help introduce how their findings can be a useful, usable, and used part of efforts to tackle this global health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32400861, "pmcid": "PMC7239130", "title": "Act now! Covid-19 pandemic: the coordinated support of the international community to low- and middle-income countries is needed immediately.", "journal": "Int J Qual Health Care", "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400861", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518077, "title": "Rammya Mathew: We must not be guided by bad science on covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mathew, Rammya"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518077", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466816, "title": "COVID-19 Healthcare Delivery Impact on African Americans.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Chaturvedi, Rahul", "Gabriel, Rodney A"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466816", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398268, "title": "Lung ultrasound in the monitoring of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Tung-Chen, Yale"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398268", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are the most common severe complications. There is growing evidence regarding the imaging findings of COVID-19 in chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans; however, their availability to clinical staff in this pandemic outbreak might be compromised. At this moment, the role of lung ultrasound (LUS) has yet to be explored. The purpose of this case report is to describe the natural course of the disease in mild infection managed at home. We report a 35-year-old man with recently diagnosed COVID-19 infection. Clinical examination was unremarkable. The diagnosis of mild disease was made clinically which was later reaffirmed by LUS after identifying a bilateral small pleural effusion and a thickened pleural line. During follow up, subpleural consolidations appeared before symptoms slightly aggravated (cough, tiredness and fever). The patient's condition improved after adjustment of therapy at home. LUS is an excellent tool in the characterisation of COVID-19 infection and is more available than CT or X-ray. We emphasise the utility and the opportunity that LUS presents in some clinical scenarios, like this COVID-19 pandemic, and how it may serve as a monitoring and therapy guide."}, {"pmid": 32276673, "title": "Pediatric Dentistry During and After COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Dent", "authors": ["Casamassimo, Paul S", "Townsend, Janice A", "Litch, C Scott"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276673", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515685, "title": "Dynamic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 shedding and neutralizing antibody in children with COVID-19.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Pengcheng", "Cai, Jiehao", "Jia, Ran", "Xia, Shuai", "Wang, Xiangshi", "Cao, Lingfeng", "Zeng, Mei", "Xu, Jin"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515685", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China and quickly spread globally. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of viral shedding from different sites and the neutralizing antibody (NAb) response during the acute and convalescent phases of nine children with COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in their nasopharyngeal swabs (9/9, 100%), stool samples (8/9, 89%), and oropharyngeal swabs (3/9, 33%) but was not detected in their serum and urine samples. The median duration of viral shedding detected in nasopharyngeal swabs, oropharyngeal swabs, and stools was 13, 4, and 43 days respectively, and the maximum duration of viral shedding detected from stools was 46 days after discharge. In children, nasopharyngeal swabs appear to be a more sensitive specimen type for the diagnosis of COVID-19 compared with oropharyngeal swabs. Three of eight patients produced NAbs in the acute phase, and NAbs were detected in all eight patients with convalescent sera. The results of this study provide valuable information for the diagnosis and surveillance of COVID-19 and development of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for use in children."}, {"pmid": 32418120, "pmcid": "PMC7229882", "title": "ACMT Position Statement: Medication Shortages During Coronavirus Disease Pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Toxicol", "authors": ["Mazer-Amirshahi, Maryann", "Fox, Erin R", "Farmer, Brenna Michelle", "Stolbach, Andrew I"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418120", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474554, "title": "Mapping the genomic landscape & diversity of COVID-19 based on >3950 clinical isolates of SARS-CoV-2: Likely origin & transmission dynamics of isolates sequenced in India.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Singh, Hina", "Singh, Jasdeep", "Khubaib, Mohd", "Jamal, Salma", "Sheikh, Javaid Ahmed", "Kohli, Sunil", "Hasnain, Seyed Ehtesham", "Rahman, Syed Asad"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474554", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512187, "title": "Using GRADE in situations of emergencies and urgencies: Certainty in evidence and recommendations matters during the COVID-19 pandemic, now more than ever and no matter what.", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Schunemann, Holger J", "Santesso, Nancy", "Vist, Gunn E", "Cuello, Carlos", "Lotfi, Tamara", "Flottorp, Signe", "Davoli, Marina", "Mustafa, Reem", "Meerpohl, Joerg J", "Alonso-Coello, Pablo", "Akl, Elie A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512187", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378801, "pmcid": "PMC7267400", "title": "Comprehensive overview of COVID-19 based on current evidence.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kang, Yue", "Xu, Silu"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378801", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, twenty-seven pneumonia patients with unknown causes originated in South China seafood market in Wuhan. The virus infection spread rapidly and swept through China in less than a month. Subsequently, the virus was proven a novel coronavirus and named SARS-CoV-2. The outbreak of novel coronavirus has been determined as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) by WHO on January 31, 2020. Similar to other coronaviruses like the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) CoV and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) CoV, the novel coronavirus was reported to spread via respiratory droplets and close contact from human to human, which means the virus is highly infectious and dangerous. Unfortunately, till now the virus has spread to over 200 countries/territories/areas around the world and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is continuing to grow. Currently, information sharing and transparency are essential for risk assessment and epidemic control in all endemic areas. In this article, we compared SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV and influenza virus, discussed current researching progress of COVID-19, including clinical characteristics, pathological changes, treatment measures, and so on."}, {"pmid": 32199083, "pmcid": "PMC7104264", "title": "The resilience of the Spanish health system against the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Legido-Quigley, Helena", "Mateos-Garcia, Jose Tomas", "Campos, Vanesa Regulez", "Gea-Sanchez, Montserrat", "Muntaner, Carles", "McKee, Martin"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199083", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454232, "pmcid": "PMC7245277", "title": "Experience from a Singapore tertiary hospital with restructuring a vascular surgery practice in response to national and institutional policies during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Ng, Jun Jie", "Gan, Tiffany R X", "Niam, Jen Yong", "Menon, Raj K", "Ho, Pei", "Dharmaraj, Rajesh B", "Wong, Julian C L", "Choong, Andrew M T L"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454232", "countries": ["Singapore", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Singapore was one of the first countries to be affected by COVID-19, with the index patient diagnosed on 23 January 2020. For two weeks in February, we had the highest number of COVID-19 cases behind China. In this article, we summarize the key national and institutional policies that were implemented in response to COVID-19. We also describe in detail, with relevant data, how our vascular surgery practice has changed due to these policies and COVID-19. We show that with a segregated team model, the vascular surgery unit can still function whilst reducing risk of cross-contamination. We explain the various strategies adopted to reduce outpatient and inpatient volume. We provide a detailed breakdown of the type of vascular surgical cases that were performed during the COVID-19 pandemic and compared it to preceding months. We discuss our operating room and personal protective equipment protocols when managing a COVID-19 patient and share how we continue surgical training amidst the pandemic. We also discuss the challenges we might face in the future as COVID-19 regresses."}, {"pmid": 32313405, "pmcid": "PMC7167569", "title": "Predicting turning point, duration and attack rate of COVID-19 outbreaks in major Western countries.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiaolei", "Ma, Renjun", "Wang, Lin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313405", "countries": ["Canada", "Italy", "France", "Germany", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we employed a segmented Poisson model to analyze the available daily new cases data of the COVID-19 outbreaks in the six Western countries of the Group of Seven, namely, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, UK and USA. We incorporated the governments' interventions (stay-at-home advises/orders, lockdowns, quarantines and social distancing) against COVID-19 into consideration. Our analysis allowed us to make a statistical prediction on the turning point (the time that the daily new cases peak), the duration (the period that the outbreak lasts) and the attack rate (the percentage of the total population that will be infected over the course of the outbreak) for these countries."}, {"pmid": 32394052, "pmcid": "PMC7212731", "title": "The Influence of COVID-19 on Air Quality in India: A Boon or Inutile.", "journal": "Bull Environ Contam Toxicol", "authors": ["Gautam, Sneha"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394052", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus diseases-2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease identified in late December, 2019, in Wuhan city of China, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Most countries including India have announced some sort of lockdown to reduce the effects of COVID-19 and discontinue the transmission of novel coronavirus. Major negative effects on the social and surrounding environment have been reported due to COVID-19, however positive effects have also been observed with respect to air quality. Secondary results have been taken from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), indicating significant reduction (50%) in air quality of Indian region. This perspective highlights the effects of the lockdown due to COVID-19 on aerosol optical thickness specifically in India."}, {"pmid": 32436320, "title": "The role of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in COVID-19: Healing in most, harm at times.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["French, Martyn A", "Moodley, Yuben"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436320", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392562, "title": "JAK Inhibition as a New Treatment Strategy for Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Int Arch Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Seif, Farhad", "Aazami, Hossein", "Khoshmirsafa, Majid", "Kamali, Monireh", "Mohsenzadegan, Monireh", "Pornour, Majid", "Mansouri, Davood"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392562", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the advent of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) commenced across the world. Understanding the Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 is essential for interrupting viral infectivity and preventing aberrant immune responses before a vaccine can be developed. In this review, we provide the latest insights into the roles of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) and Ang II receptor-1 (AT1-R) in this disease. Novel therapeutic strategies, including recombinant ACE2, ACE inhibitors, AT1-R blockers, and Ang 1-7 peptides, may prevent or reduce viruses-induced pulmonary, cardiac, and renal injuries. However, more studies are needed to clarify the efficacy of these therapeutics. Furthermore, considering the common role of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway in AT1-R expressed on peripheral tissues and cytokine receptors on the surface of immune cells, potential targeting of this pathway using JAK inhibitors (JAKinibs) is suggested as a promising approach in patients with COVID-19 who are admitted to hospitals. In addition to antiviral therapy, potential ACE2- and AT1-R-inhibiting strategies, and other supportive care, we suggest other potential JAKinibs and novel anti-inflammatory combination therapies that affect the JAK-STAT pathway in patients with COVID-19. Since the combination of MTX and baricitinib leads to outstanding clinical outcomes, the addition of baricitinib to MTX might be a potential strategy."}, {"pmid": 32397174, "title": "Cytokine Release Syndrome in COVID-19 Patients, A New Scenario for an Old Concern: The Fragile Balance between Infections and Autoimmunity.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Picchianti Diamanti, Andrea", "Rosado, Maria Manuela", "Pioli, Claudio", "Sesti, Giorgio", "Lagana, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397174", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 7 January 2020, researchers isolated and sequenced in China from patients with severe pneumonitis a novel coronavirus, then called SARS-CoV-2, which rapidly spread worldwide, becoming a global health emergency. Typical manifestations consist of flu-like symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue, and dyspnea. However, in about 20% of patients, the infection progresses to severe interstitial pneumonia and can induce an uncontrolled host-immune response, leading to a life-threatening condition called cytokine release syndrome (CRS). CRS represents an emergency scenario of a frequent challenge, which is the complex and interwoven link between infections and autoimmunity. Indeed, treatment of CRS involves the use of both antivirals to control the underlying infection and immunosuppressive agents to dampen the aberrant pro-inflammatory response of the host. Several trials, evaluating the safety and effectiveness of immunosuppressants commonly used in rheumatic diseases, are ongoing in patients with COVID-19 and CRS, some of which are achieving promising results. However, such a use should follow a multidisciplinary approach, be accompanied by close monitoring, be tailored to patient's clinical and serological features, and be initiated at the right time to reach the best results. Autoimmune patients receiving immunosuppressants could be prone to SARS-CoV-2 infections; however, suspension of the ongoing therapy is contraindicated to avoid disease flares and a consequent increase in the infection risk."}, {"pmid": 32421539, "pmcid": "PMC7195086", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019-related dyspnea cases difficult to interpret using chest computed tomography.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Nie, Shuke", "Han, Shoumeng", "Ouyang, Huangqing", "Zhang, Zhan"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421539", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) often have clinical characteristics, such as chest tightness and dyspnea. Continuous, unresolved dyspnea often indicates the progression of lung lesions. The mechanism that underlies the chest distress and dyspnea in patients with COVID-19 is still unclear. Chest CT has a higher sensitivity and can play an essential role in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease. However, our clinical observations showed that although some patients had significant chest distress and dyspnea, the lesions that were observed in the lungs during computed tomography were milder and not completely consistent with clinical symptoms. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, laboratory test results, and imaging findings of these patients. We found that extensive inflammation of the bilateral and respiratory bronchioles in patients with COVID-19 due to excessive activation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemotactic aggregation of T-lymphocytes at the site of inflammation are possible mechanisms underlying chest distress and dyspnea in patients with COVID-19. Short-time and lose-dose use of corticosteroid may be helpful to treat chest tightness and dyspnea in mild COVID-19 patients. Through this study, we aimed to improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32464110, "pmcid": "PMC7247781", "title": "Human rights protections are needed alongside PPE for health-care workers responding to COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Amon, Joseph J"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464110", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380034, "pmcid": "PMC7198208", "title": "COVID-19 puts societies to the test.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["The Lancet Public Health"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380034", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354491, "pmcid": "PMC7166012", "title": "Abdominal Wall Surgery After SARS-CoV-2: Time to Reestablish Postponed Non-essential Procedures?", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Lopez Cano, Manuel", "Saludes Serra, Judit", "Rossello-Jimenez, Daniel", "Pereira, Jose Antonio", "Rodrigues Goncalves, Victor", "Garcia Alamino, Josep M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354491", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pandemic by the COVID-19 has found us unprotected to provide an adequate and rapid sanitary response. The hospital network of our public health system has provided most of the resources for the treatment of patients affected by the infection. Non-essential (non-priority) surgeries have been postponed. The optimal and proportionate reestablishment of these non-priority surgeries can be a problem. This article offers a technical and non-technical view of reestablishment non-priority surgeries from the perspective of abdominal wall surgery."}, {"pmid": 32305585, "pmcid": "PMC7162794", "title": "Practical diagnosis and treatment of suspected venous thromboembolism during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord", "authors": ["Obi, Andrea T", "Barnes, Geoff D", "Wakefield, Thomas W", "Brown, Sandra", "Eliason, Jonathon L", "Arndt, Erika", "Henke, Peter K"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305585", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A markedly increased demand for vascular ultrasound laboratory and other imaging studies in COVID-19-positive patients has occurred, due to most of these patients having a markedly elevated D-dimer and a presumed prothrombotic state in many of the very ill patients. In the present report, we have summarized a broad institutional consensus focusing on evaluation and recommended empirical therapy for COVID-19-positive patients. We recommend following the algorithms with the idea that as more data becomes available these algorithms may well change."}, {"pmid": 32330208, "pmcid": "PMC7182198", "title": "Machine learning using intrinsic genomic signatures for rapid classification of novel pathogens: COVID-19 case study.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Randhawa, Gurjit S", "Soltysiak, Maximillian P M", "El Roz, Hadi", "de Souza, Camila P E", "Hill, Kathleen A", "Kari, Lila"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330208", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (renamed SARS-CoV-2, and generally referred to as the COVID-19 virus) has spread to 184 countries with over 1.5 million confirmed cases. Such major viral outbreaks demand early elucidation of taxonomic classification and origin of the virus genomic sequence, for strategic planning, containment, and treatment. This paper identifies an intrinsic COVID-19 virus genomic signature and uses it together with a machine learning-based alignment-free approach for an ultra-fast, scalable, and highly accurate classification of whole COVID-19 virus genomes. The proposed method combines supervised machine learning with digital signal processing (MLDSP) for genome analyses, augmented by a decision tree approach to the machine learning component, and a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient analysis for result validation. These tools are used to analyze a large dataset of over 5000 unique viral genomic sequences, totalling 61.8 million bp, including the 29 COVID-19 virus sequences available on January 27, 2020. Our results support a hypothesis of a bat origin and classify the COVID-19 virus as Sarbecovirus, within Betacoronavirus. Our method achieves 100% accurate classification of the COVID-19 virus sequences, and discovers the most relevant relationships among over 5000 viral genomes within a few minutes, ab initio, using raw DNA sequence data alone, and without any specialized biological knowledge, training, gene or genome annotations. This suggests that, for novel viral and pathogen genome sequences, this alignment-free whole-genome machine-learning approach can provide a reliable real-time option for taxonomic classification."}, {"pmid": 32267530, "title": "COVID-19 and Family Doctors.", "journal": "Fam Med", "authors": ["Chen, Frederick M"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267530", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394344, "pmcid": "PMC7211976", "title": "COVID-19 in people living with human immunodeficiency virus: a case series of 33 patients.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Harter, Georg", "Spinner, Christoph D", "Roider, Julia", "Bickel, Markus", "Krznaric, Ivanka", "Grunwald, Stephan", "Schabaz, Farhad", "Gillor, Daniel", "Postel, Nils", "Mueller, Matthias C", "Muller, Markus", "Romer, Katja", "Schewe, Knud", "Hoffmann, Christian"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394344", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data on people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) in the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are still scarce. This case series of 33 PLWH patients with COVID-19 reveals symptoms and outcome in this special population. Retrospective analysis of anonymized data including age, gender, HIV-associated parameters, symptoms, and outcome. Three out of 32 patients with documented outcomes died (9%). 91% of the patients recovered and 76% have been classified as mild cases. All patients were on antiretroviral treatment, of them 22 on tenofovir-containing regimen and 4 on the protease inhibitor darunavir. This preliminary case series does not support excess morbidity and mortality among symptomatic COVID-19 PLWH and with viral suppression on ART. SARS-CoV-2 infections may occur during boosted darunavir-based and/or on tenofovir-containing ART."}, {"pmid": 32292257, "pmcid": "PMC7132434", "title": "Annotation: The COVID-19 pandemic and clinical orthopaedic and trauma surgery.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Ashford, Robert U", "Nichols, Jennifer S", "Mangwani, Jitendra"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292257", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article provides a brief overview of the current COVID-19 pandemic crisis and the impact on trauma and orthopaedic surgeons. The principles of protect, avoid, restrict and abbreviate are recommended. Coordination of response, communication and support are also important. The versatility of orthopaedic surgeons lends them to having an important role."}, {"pmid": 32074444, "pmcid": "PMC7121626", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Viral Load in Upper Respiratory Specimens of Infected Patients.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Zou, Lirong", "Ruan, Feng", "Huang, Mingxing", "Liang, Lijun", "Huang, Huitao", "Hong, Zhongsi", "Yu, Jianxiang", "Kang, Min", "Song, Yingchao", "Xia, Jinyu", "Guo, Qianfang", "Song, Tie", "He, Jianfeng", "Yen, Hui-Ling", "Peiris, Malik", "Wu, Jie"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32074444", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384228, "title": "A pandemic within our borders, but what about the impact for our people in acute inpatients?", "journal": "J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["Muirhead, Christen"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384228", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of the Covid-19 pandemic in New Zealand, physical safety and infection control are now the priorities for acute inpatient units. Across the board, the milieu of wards has altered, with seeking to preserve bed spaces admission criteria has become stricter and patients are being fast tracked out of inpatient care with less time to transition back into the community. In order to restrict opportunities for transmission of Covid 19 between patients and the public, wards which previously were unlocked during the day are now locked at all times without use of mental health legislation. Leave from wards has become more difficult to acquire and visitors are not allowed to come into hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32492436, "title": "Covid-19 may be exacerbated by right-to-left interatrial shunt.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Rajendram, Rajkumar", "Kharal, Ghulam A", "Puri, Rishi"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492436", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499187, "pmcid": "PMC7255253", "title": "How the COVID-19 pandemic changed the Plastic Surgery activity in a regional referral center in Northern Italy.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Pignatti, Marco", "Pinto, Valentina", "Miralles, Maria Elisa Lozano", "Giorgini, Federico A", "Cannamela, Giacomo", "Cipriani, Riccardo"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499187", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid 19 epidemic has modified the way that plastic surgeons can treat their patients. At our hospital all elective surgery was canceled and only the more severe cases were admitted. The outpatient department activity has been reduced also. We present the number and diagnoses of patients, treated as in- and out-patients, during seven weeks from the onset of the epidemic, comparing our activity from the lockdown of elective surgery with the numbers and diagnoses observed during the same weeks of last year. Finally we underline the importance of using telemedicine and web-based tools to transmit images of lesions that need the surgeon's evaluation, and can be used by the patient to keep in touch with a doctor during the distressing time of delay of the expected procedure."}, {"pmid": 32401466, "title": "Remdesivir", "journal": "Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)", "date": "2020-05-14T11:01:00Z", "_id": "32401466", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32367025, "title": "Profile of a killer: the complex biology powering the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Cyranoski, David"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367025", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516273, "title": "Rates of Maternal and Perinatal Mortality and Vertical Transmission in Pregnancies Complicated by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-Co-V-2) Infection: A Systematic Review.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Huntley, Benjamin J F", "Huntley, Erin S", "Di Mascio, Daniele", "Chen, Tracy", "Berghella, Vincenzo", "Chauhan, Suneet P"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516273", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To ascertain the frequency of maternal and neonatal complications, as well as maternal disease severity, in pregnancies affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. MEDLINE, Ovid, ClinicalTrials.gov, MedRxiv, and Scopus were searched from their inception until April 29, 2020. The analysis was limited to reports with at least 10 pregnant patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection that reported on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Inclusion criteria were pregnant women with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. A systematic search of the selected databases was performed by implementing a strategy that included the MeSH terms, key words, and word variants for \"coronavirus,\" \"SARS-CoV-2,\" \"COVID-19,\" and \"pregnancy.r The primary outcomes were maternal admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), critical disease, and death. Secondary outcomes included rate of preterm birth, cesarean delivery, vertical transmission, and neonatal death. Categorical variables were expressed as percentages with number of cases and 95% CIs. Of the 99 articles identified, 13 included 538 pregnancies complicated by SARS-CoV-2 infection, with reported outcomes on 435 (80.9%) deliveries. Maternal ICU admission occurred in 3.0% of cases (8/263, 95% CI 1.6-5.9) and maternal critical disease in 1.4% (3/209, 95% CI 0.5-4.1). No maternal deaths were reported (0/348, 95% CI 0.0-1.1). The preterm birth rate was 20.1% (57/284, 95% CI 15.8-25.1), the cesarean delivery rate was 84.7% (332/392, 95% CI 80.8-87.9), the vertical transmission rate was 0.0% (0/310, 95% CI 0.0-1.2), and the neonatal death rate was 0.3% (1/313, 95% CI 0.1-1.8). With data from early in the pandemic, it is reassuring that there are low rates of maternal and neonatal mortality and vertical transmission with SARS-CoV-2. The preterm birth rate of 20% and the cesarean delivery rate exceeding 80% seems related to geographic practice patterns. PROSPERO, CRD42020181497."}, {"pmid": 32424027, "title": "Response to: 'Antimalarial use and arrhythmias in COVID-19 and rheumatic patients: a matter of dose and inflammation?' by Erre et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Graef, Elizabeth R", "Liew, Jean W", "Kim, Alfred Hj", "Sparks, Jeffrey A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424027", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423584, "pmcid": "PMC7190303", "title": "Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Wang, Yeming", "Zhang, Dingyu", "Du, Guanhua", "Du, Ronghui", "Zhao, Jianping", "Jin, Yang", "Fu, Shouzhi", "Gao, Ling", "Cheng, Zhenshun", "Lu, Qiaofa", "Hu, Yi", "Luo, Guangwei", "Wang, Ke", "Lu, Yang", "Li, Huadong", "Wang, Shuzhen", "Ruan, Shunan", "Yang, Chengqing", "Mei, Chunlin", "Wang, Yi", "Ding, Dan", "Wu, Feng", "Tang, Xin", "Ye, Xianzhi", "Ye, Yingchun", "Liu, Bing", "Yang, Jie", "Yin, Wen", "Wang, Aili", "Fan, Guohui", "Zhou, Fei", "Liu, Zhibo", "Gu, Xiaoying", "Xu, Jiuyang", "Shang, Lianhan", "Zhang, Yi", "Cao, Lianjun", "Guo, Tingting", "Wan, Yan", "Qin, Hong", "Jiang, Yushen", "Jaki, Thomas", "Hayden, Frederick G", "Horby, Peter W", "Cao, Bin", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423584", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No specific antiviral drug has been proven effective for treatment of patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Remdesivir (GS-5734), a nucleoside analogue prodrug, has inhibitory effects on pathogenic animal and human coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in vitro, and inhibits Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2 replication in animal models. We did a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial at ten hospitals in Hubei, China. Eligible patients were adults (aged \u226518 years) admitted to hospital with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, with an interval from symptom onset to enrolment of 12 days or less, oxygen saturation of 94% or less on room air or a ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen of 300 mm Hg or less, and radiologically confirmed pneumonia. Patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to intravenous remdesivir (200 mg on day 1 followed by 100 mg on days 2-10 in single daily infusions) or the same volume of placebo infusions for 10 days. Patients were permitted concomitant use of lopinavir-ritonavir, interferons, and corticosteroids. The primary endpoint was time to clinical improvement up to day 28, defined as the time (in days) from randomisation to the point of a decline of two levels on a six-point ordinal scale of clinical status (from 1=discharged to 6=death) or discharged alive from hospital, whichever came first. Primary analysis was done in the intention-to-treat (ITT) population and safety analysis was done in all patients who started their assigned treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04257656. Between Feb 6, 2020, and March 12, 2020, 237 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to a treatment group (158 to remdesivir and 79 to placebo); one patient in the placebo group who withdrew after randomisation was not included in the ITT population. Remdesivir use was not associated with a difference in time to clinical improvement (hazard ratio 1\u00b723 [95% CI 0\u00b787-1\u00b775]). Although not statistically significant, patients receiving remdesivir had a numerically faster time to clinical improvement than those receiving placebo among patients with symptom duration of 10 days or less (hazard ratio 1\u00b752 [0\u00b795-2\u00b743]). Adverse events were reported in 102 (66%) of 155 remdesivir recipients versus 50 (64%) of 78 placebo recipients. Remdesivir was stopped early because of adverse events in 18 (12%) patients versus four (5%) patients who stopped placebo early. In this study of adult patients admitted to hospital for severe COVID-19, remdesivir was not associated with statistically significant clinical benefits. However, the numerical reduction in time to clinical improvement in those treated earlier requires confirmation in larger studies. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Emergency Project of COVID-19, National Key Research and Development Program of China, the Beijing Science and Technology Project."}, {"pmid": 32408845, "title": "Virus transmission during orthopedic surgery on patients with COVID-19 - a brief narrative review.", "journal": "Acta Orthop", "authors": ["Basso, Trude", "Dale, Havard", "Langvatn, Hakon", "Lonne, Greger", "Skramm, Inge", "Westberg, Marianne", "Wik, Tina S", "Witso, Eivind"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408845", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background and purpose - COVID-19 is among the most impactful pandemics that the society has experienced. Orthopedic surgery involves procedures generating droplets and aerosols and there is concern amongst surgeons that otherwise rational precautionary principles are being set aside due to lack of scientific evidence and a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE). This narrative review attempts to translate relevant knowledge into practical recommendations for healthcare workers involved in orthopedic surgery on patients with known or suspected COVID-19.Patients and methods - We unsystematically searched in PubMed, reference lists, and the WHO's web page for relevant publications concerning problems associated with the PPE used in perioperative practice when a patient is COVID-19 positive or suspected to be. A specific search for literature regarding COVID-19 was extended to include publications from the SARS epidemic in 2002/3.Results - Transmission of infectious viruses from patient to surgeon during surgery is possible, but does not appear to be a considerable problem in clinical practice. Seal-leakage is a problem with surgical masks. Due to the lack of studies and reports, the possibility of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from patient to surgeon during droplet- and aerosol-generating procedures is unknown.Interpretation - Surgical masks should be used only in combination with a widely covering visor and when a respirator (N95, FFP2, P3) is not made available. Furthermore, basic measures to reduce shedding of droplets and aerosols during surgery and correct and consistent use of personal protective equipment is important."}, {"pmid": 32317401, "title": "Covid-19: US governors call for government help to secure more tests.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Tanne, Janice Hopkins"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317401", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360578, "title": "Alternative Multidisciplinary Management Options for Locally Advanced NSCLC During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Global Pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Kumar, Sameera", "Chmura, Steven", "Robinson, Clifford", "Lin, Steven H", "Gadgeel, Shirish M", "Donington, Jessica", "Feliciano, Josephine", "Stinchcombe, Thomas E", "Werner-Wasik, Maria", "Edelman, Martin J", "Moghanaki, Drew"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360578", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently accelerating. Patients with locally advanced NSCLC (LA-NSCLC) may require treatment in locations where resources are limited, and the prevalence of infection is high. Patients with LA-NSCLC frequently present with comorbidities that increase the risk of severe morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. These risks may be further increased by treatments for LA-NSCLC. Although guiding data is scarce, we present an expert thoracic oncology multidisciplinary (radiation oncology, medical oncology, surgical oncology) consensus of alternative strategies for the treatment of LA-NSCLC during a pandemic. The overarching goals of these approaches are the following: (1) reduce the number of visits to a health care facility, (2) reduce the risk of exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2, (3) attenuate the immunocompromising effects of lung cancer therapies, and (4) provide effective oncologic therapy. Patients with resectable disease can be treated with definitive nonoperative management if surgical resources are limited or the risks of perioperative care are high. Nonoperative options include chemotherapy, chemoimmunotherapy, and radiation therapy with sequential schedules that may or may not affect long-term outcomes in an era in which immunotherapy is available. The order of treatments may be on the basis of patient factors and clinical resources. Whenever radiation therapy is delivered without concurrent chemotherapy, hypofractionated schedules are appropriate. For patients who\u00a0are confirmed to have COVID-19, usually, cancer therapies may be withheld until symptoms have resolved with negative viral test results. The risk of severe treatment-related morbidity and mortality is increased for patients undergoing treatment for LA-NSCLC during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adapting alternative treatment strategies as quickly as possible may save lives and should be implemented through communication with the multidisciplinary cancer team."}, {"pmid": 32331982, "pmcid": "PMC7194913", "title": "Lopinavir/ritonavir did not shorten the duration of SARS CoV-2 shedding in patients with mild pneumonia in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Cheng, Chien-Yu", "Lee, Yu-Lin", "Chen, Cheng-Pin", "Lin, Yi-Chun", "Liu, Chun-Eng", "Liao, Chia-Hung", "Cheng, Shu-Hsing"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331982", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An increase of Ct values was 0.9 per day in 2 cases of COVID-19 treated with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), an increase was 1.0 per day in 3 cases without LPV/r through illness day 1-10, indicating that LPV/r did not shorten the duration of SARS CoV-2 shedding."}, {"pmid": 32236325, "title": "COVID-19 and the Heart.", "journal": "Arq Bras Cardiol", "authors": ["Strabelli, Tania Mara Varejao", "Uip, David Everson"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236325", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32230900, "pmcid": "PMC7232198", "title": "Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control of COVID-19.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Jin, Yuefei", "Yang, Haiyan", "Ji, Wangquan", "Wu, Weidong", "Chen, Shuaiyin", "Zhang, Weiguo", "Duan, Guangcai"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32230900", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) in China has been brought to global attention and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Scientific advancements since the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002~2003 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012 have accelerated our understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and the development of therapeutics to treat viral infection. As no specific therapeutics and vaccines are available for disease control, the epidemic of COVID-19 is posing a great threat for global public health. To provide a comprehensive summary to public health authorities and potential readers worldwide, we detail the present understanding of COVID-19 and introduce the current state of development of measures in this review."}, {"pmid": 32294271, "pmcid": "PMC7262075", "title": "COVID-19 and Cutaneous manifestations.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Mungmungpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294271", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379747, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and rural generalism: the West Coast's rural workforce solution.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Marshall, Brendan", "Aileone, Laura"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379747", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413531, "pmcid": "PMC7215144", "title": "Lack of supporting data make the risks of a clinical trial of radiation therapy as a treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia unacceptable.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Kirsch, David G", "Diehn, Maximilian", "Cucinotta, Francis A", "Weichselbaum, Ralph"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413531", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460531, "title": "Traffic-related air pollution and the coronavirus pandemia: shadows and lights.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Mannucci, Pier Mannuccio"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460531", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425223, "pmcid": "PMC7227607", "title": "COVID-19: The disease of the anthropocene.", "journal": "Environ Res", "authors": ["O'Callaghan-Gordo, Cristina", "Anto, Josep M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425223", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516861, "title": "Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in COVID-19 patients aged >/=80 years.", "journal": "Geriatr Gerontol Int", "authors": ["Covino, Marcello", "De Matteis, Giuseppe", "Santoro, Michele", "Sabia, Luca", "Simeoni, Benedetta", "Candelli, Marcello", "Ojetti, Veronica", "Franceschi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516861", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the present study was to describe the clinical presentation of patients aged \u226580\u2009years with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and provide insights regarding the prognostic factors and the risk stratification in this population. This was a single-center, retrospective, observational study, carried out in a referral center for COVID-19 in central Italy. We reviewed the clinical records of patients consecutively admitted for confirmed COVID-19 over a 1-month period (1-31 March 2020). We excluded asymptomatic discharged patients. We identified risk factors for death, by a uni- and multivariate Cox regression analysis. To improve model fitting and hazard estimation, continuous parameters where dichotomized by using Youden's index. Overall, 69 patients, aged 80-98\u2009years, met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study cohort. The median age was 84\u2009years (82-89\u2009years is interquartile range); 37 patients (53.6%) were men. Globally, 14 patients (20.3%) presented a mild, 30 (43.5%) a severe and 25 (36.2%) a critical COVID-19 disease. A total of 23 (33.3%) patients had died at 30\u2009days' follow up. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that severe dementia, pO2 \u226490 at admission and lactate dehydrogenase >464\u2009U/L were independent risk factors for death. The present data suggest that risk of death could be not age dependent in patients aged \u226580\u2009years, whereas severe dementia emerged is a relevant risk factor in this population. Severe COVID-19, as expressed by elevated lactate dehydrogenase and low oxygen saturation at emergency department admission, is associated with a rapid progression to death in these patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; \u2022\u2022: \u2022\u2022-\u2022\u2022."}, {"pmid": 32448880, "title": "[Gymnastics-sports activities: health benefits in emergency period CoViD-19. How to organize a quick shot.]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Regis, Guido"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448880", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Regular physical activity grants significant health effects and lowers the risk of premature death for all causes, in particular cardiovascular ones in asymptomatic subjects. Physical activity is useful in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular and lung diseases, metabolic diseases, musculoskeletal diseases, cancer and depression. Recent studies correlate inactivity with chronic low-grade inflammation and obesity, at the origin of chronic non-communicable diseases. The evidence must be taken seriously into consideration in this particular CoViD-19 emergency period and long-term effects of prolonged limitation of sports activity must not be overlooked. Contagion in open places is very difficult and the absolute prohibition of sports activities in open places and the closure of parks are creating discomfort and confusion. Institutions and media are generating the wrong message that active people must be looked at with disapproval. Instead, this habit should be encouraged, in order to protect citizens' and community health, lightening the welfare load for society."}, {"pmid": 32325425, "pmcid": "PMC7193986", "title": "A Guide to Chatbots for COVID-19 Screening at Pediatric Health Care Facilities.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Espinoza, Juan", "Crown, Kelly", "Kulkarni, Omkar"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325425", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has required institutions to rapidly adapt to changing public health circumstances. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has encouraged health care facilities to explore novel health care delivery modes. However, many institutions may not be prepared to begin offering digital health and telehealth services. Chatbots are one digital health tool that can help evolve triage and screening processes in a scalable manner. Here, we present a decision-making and implementation framework for deploying COVID-19 screening chatbots at pediatric health care facilities."}, {"pmid": 32365259, "pmcid": "PMC7267164", "title": "COVID-19 and Older People in Asia: AWGS Calls to Actions.", "journal": "Geriatr Gerontol Int", "authors": ["Lim, Wee-Shiong", "Liang, Chih-Kuang", "Assantachai, Prasert", "Auyeung, Tung Wai", "Kang, Lin", "Lee, Wei-Ju", "Lim, Jae-Young", "Sugimoto, Ken", "Akishita, Masahiro", "Chia, Shu-Lih", "Chou, Ming-Yueh", "Ding, Yew-Yoong", "Iijima, Katsuya", "Jang, Hak Chul", "Kawashima, Shuji", "Kim, Miji", "Kojima, Taro", "Kuzuya, Masafumi", "Lee, Jenny", "Lee, Sang Yoon", "Lee, Yunhwan", "Peng, Li-Ning", "Wang, Ninie Y", "Wang, Yin-Wei", "Won, Chang Won", "Woo, Jean", "Chen, Liang-Kung", "Arai, Hidenori"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365259", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has casted a huge impact on global public health and economy. In this challenging situation, older people are vulnerable to the infection and the secondary effects of the pandemic and need special attentions. To evaluate the impacts of COVID-19 on older people, it is important to balance the successful pandemic control and active management of secondary consequences. These considerations are especially salient in the Asian context, with its diversity among countries in terms of sociocultural heritage, healthcare setup and availability of resources. Thus, the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia summarized the considerations of Asian countries focusing on responses and difficulties in each country, impacts of health inequity related to COVID-19 pandemic and proposed recommendations for older people which are germane to the Asian context. More innovative services should be developed to address the increasing demands for new approaches to deliver health care in the difficult times and to establish resilient health care systems for older people. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32276097, "pmcid": "PMC7141477", "title": "Which Melbourne Metropolitan Areas Are Vulnerable to COVID-19 Based on Age, Disability, and Access to Health Services? Using Spatial Analysis to Identify Service Gaps and Inform Delivery.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Lakhani, Ali"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276097", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aging adults (65+) with disability are especially vulnerable to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and on contracting, they are a cohort most likely to require palliative care. Therefore, it is very important that health services-particularly health services providing palliative care-are proximately available. Treating the Melbourne metropolitan area as a case study, a spatial analysis was conducted to clarify priority areas with a significantly high percentage and number of aging adults (65+) with disability and high barriers to accessing primary health services. Afterward, travel times from priority areas to palliative medicine and hospital services were calculated. The geographic dispersion of areas with people vulnerable to COVID-19 with poor access to palliative care and health services is clarified. Unique methods of health service delivery are required to ensure that vulnerable populations in underserviced metropolitan areas receive prompt and adequate care. The spatial methodology used can be implemented in different contexts to support evidence-based COVID-19 and pandemic palliative care service decisions."}, {"pmid": 32426001, "pmcid": "PMC7229928", "title": "[Colchicine: a potential therapeutic tool against COVID-19. Experience of 5 patients].", "journal": "Reumatol Clin", "authors": ["Montealegre-Gomez, Giovanni", "Garavito, Edgar", "Gomez-Lopez, Arley", "Rojas-Villarraga, Adriana", "Parra-Medina, Rafael"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426001", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a newly emerged disease that has become a global public health challenge. Due to a lack of knowledge about the virus, a significant number of potential targets for using a particular drug\u2009have been proposed. Five cases with a clinical history of biopolymers in the gluteal region that developed iatrogenic allogenosis (IA) are presented here. The 5 cases were put under colchicine treatment for IA crisis and had non-specific symptoms (headache, cough without dyspnoea, and arthralgias) with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Their close contacts had mild to severe symptoms and three of them died. In the SARS-CoV-2 infection different inflammatory pathways are altered where colchicine reduces cytokine levels as well as the activation of macrophages, neutrophils, and the inflammasome. The possible mechanisms that colchicine may use to prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with COVID-19 infection are also reviewed in this article."}, {"pmid": 32275258, "title": "Exploring the genetics, ecology of SARS-COV-2 and climatic factors as possible control strategies against COVID-19", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Abdullahi, Idris Nasir", "Emeribe, Anthony Uchenna", "Mustapha, Jelili Olaide", "Fasogbon, Samuel Ayobami", "Ofor, Igr Bassey", "Opeyemi, Imodoye Sikiru", "Obi-George, Chibueze", "Sunday, Animasaun Olawale", "Nwofe, Justin"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275258", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world has been thrown into pandemonium due to the recent Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Early available clinical data have indicated that geriatric persons cum those with comorbidity such as cardiovascular, metabolic and immunological disorders suffered severe form of COVID-19. All countries and territories of the world are currently exploring available strategies to control the pandemic with the hope to significantly minimize its morbidity and mortality rate. This present study critically reviewed available and latest research progress on the genetics and ecology of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the influence of climatic factors on the spread of COVID-19, and thus, discussed how these concepts could be harnessed for COVID-19 control and further scientific advancements in resolving the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32212515, "title": "Novel Coronavirus and Old Lessons - Preparing the Health System for the Pandemic.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Hick, John L", "Biddinger, Paul D"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212515", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367527, "pmcid": "PMC7262013", "title": "Reorganization of a large academic hospital to face COVID-19 outbreak: The model of Parma, Emilia-Romagna region, Italy.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Meschi, Tiziana", "Rossi, Sandra", "Volpi, Annalisa", "Ferrari, Carlo", "Sverzellati, Nicola", "Brianti, Ettore", "Fabi, Massimo", "Nouvenne, Antonio", "Ticinesi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367527", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227793, "title": "Dealing with COVID-19: initial perspectives of a small radiology department.", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Kok, Shawn Shi Xian", "Mohamed Shah, Mohammad Taufik Bin", "Cheong, Wei Kiong", "Cheng, Arthur Kim Chai", "Sng, Li Hoon", "Salkade, Parag Ratnakar", "Wong, Steven Bak Siew"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227793", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202553, "title": "[COVID-19 coronavirus: what implications for Cardiology?]", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Di Pasquale, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202553", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327414, "title": "Covid-19: Keep essential malaria services going during pandemic, urges WHO.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Thornton, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327414", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434596, "title": "The Use of Telepsychiatry During COVID-19 and Beyond.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["O'Brien, M", "McNicholas, F"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434596", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the traditional practice of psychiatric assessment and treatment via face to face interaction. Telepsychiatry, the delivery of psychiatric care remotely through telecommunications technology, is an existing and under-utilised tool that may help to minimise disruption to patient care. Technological advancement is at a stage where it can facilitate widespread use of this practice; however concerns that limited its expansion previously were not unfounded. This article discusses the use of telepsychiatry in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32438257, "pmcid": "PMC7204707", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and enhancing antibodies.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Denner, Joachim"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438257", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366769, "pmcid": "PMC7219836", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic highlights shortcomings in U.S. healthcare informatics infrastructure: a call to action.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["O'Reilly-Shah, Vikas N", "Gentry, Katherine R", "Van Cleve, Wil", "Kendale, Samir M", "Jabaley, Craig S", "Long, Dustin R"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366769", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513189, "title": "The health equity in all policies (HEiAP) approach before and beyond the Covid-19 pandemic in the Italian context.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Bucciardini, R", "Contoli, B", "De Castro, P", "Donfrancesco, C", "Falzano, L", "Ferrelli, R", "Giammarioli, A M", "Mattioli, B", "Medda, E", "Minardi, V", "Minelli, G", "Palmieri, L", "Pasetto, R", "Pizzi, E", "Rossi, S", "Venerosi, A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513189", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396384, "pmcid": "PMC7218355", "title": "General thoracic surgery services across Asia during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann", "authors": ["Jheon, Sanghoon", "Ahmed, Aneez Db", "Fang, Vincent Wt", "Jung, Woohyun", "Khan, Ali Zamir", "Lee, Jang-Ming", "Nakajima, Jun", "Sihoe, Alan Dl", "Thongcharoen, Punnarerk", "Tsuboi, Masahiro", "Turna, Akif"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396384", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic of 2020 posed an historic challenge to healthcare systems around the world. Besides mounting a massive response to the viral outbreak, healthcare systems needed to consider provision of clinical services to other patients in need. Surgical services for patients with thoracic disease were maintained to different degrees across various regions of Asia, ranging from significant reductions to near-normal service. Key determinants of robust thoracic surgery service provision included: preexisting plans for an epidemic response, aggressive early action to \"flatten the curve\", ability to dedicate resources separately to COVID-19 and routine clinical services, prioritization of thoracic surgery, and the volume of COVID-19 cases in that region. The lessons learned can apply to other regions during this pandemic, and to the world, in preparation for the next one."}, {"pmid": 32216640, "title": "CSC Expert Consensus on Principles of Clinical Management of Patients With Severe Emergent Cardiovascular Diseases During the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Han, Yaling", "Zeng, Hesong", "Jiang, Hong", "Yang, Yuejin", "Yuan, Zuyi", "Cheng, Xiang", "Jing, Zhicheng", "Liu, Bin", "Chen, Jiyan", "Nie, Shaoping", "Zhu, Jianhua", "Li, Fei", "Ma, Changsheng"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216640", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, the Chinese Society of Cardiology (CSC) issued this consensus statement after consulting with 125 medical experts in the fields of cardiovascular disease and infectious disease. The over-arching principles laid out here are the following: 1) Consider the prevention and control of COVID-19 transmission as the highest priority, including self-protection of medical staff; 2) Patient risk assessment of both infection and cardiovascular issues. Where appropriate, preferential use of conservative medical therapeutic approaches to minimize disease spread; 3) At all times, medical practices and interventional procedures should be conducted in accordance with the directives of the infection control department of local hospitals and local health commissions."}, {"pmid": 32273253, "pmcid": "PMC7129111", "title": "Hospital pharmacists' pharmaceutical care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Recommendations and guidance from clinical experience.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Song, Zaiwei", "Hu, Yang", "Zheng, Siqian", "Yang, Li", "Zhao, Rongsheng"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273253", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss hospital pharmacists' role in providing pharmaceutical care for hospitalized patients with COVID-19 to promote patient care and management during the pandemic. Based on the method of evidence-based pharmacy, clinical evidence of therapeutical drugs for COVID-19 were retrieved and summarized. Based on clinical experience Chinese hospital pharmacists gained from providing pharmaceutical care services during COVID-19 pandemic, taking COVID-19 hospitalized patients' needs into consideration, the methods and strategies hospital pharmacists shall use to provide pharmaceutical care were analyzed and summarized. Hospital pharmacists shall support pharmaceutical care services by participating in making evidence-based decisions for medication, monitoring and evaluation of medication safety and efficacy, providing strengthened care for special population and patients with combined underlying diseases, monitoring and management of convalescent plasma therapy, providing emotional counselling and psychological support, and providing scientific information about COVID-19 vaccines. The need of pharmaceutical care services in COVID-19 hospitalized patients during this pandemic was quite distinguished from the past. Hospital pharmacists shall join the collaborative multidisciplinary team to improve COVID-19 patients' outcome and reduce mortality, and to facilitate the pandemic control."}, {"pmid": 32277065, "pmcid": "PMC7152748", "title": "Halting coronavirus polymerase.", "journal": "J Biol Chem", "authors": ["Kirchdoerfer, Robert N"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277065", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The nucleotide analogue remdesivir is an investigational drug for the treatment of human coronavirus infection. Remdesivir is a phosphoramidate prodrug and is known to target viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. In this issue, Gordon et al. identify that remdesivir acts as a delayed RNA chain terminator for MERS-CoV polymerase complexes."}, {"pmid": 32412524, "pmcid": "PMC7221002", "title": "Closing the circle: an agroecological response to covid-19.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Gemmill-Herren, Barbara"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412524", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348469, "pmcid": "PMC7197526", "title": "Laboratory information system requirements to manage the COVID-19 pandemic: a report from the Belgian national reference testing center.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Weemaes, Matthias", "Martens, Steven", "Cuypers, Lize", "Van Elslande, Jan", "Hoet, Katrien", "Welkenhuysen, Joris", "Goossens, Ria", "Wouters, Stijn", "Houben, Els", "Jeuris, Kirsten", "Laenen, Lies", "Bruyninckx, Katrien", "Beuselinck, Kurt", "Andre, Emmanuel", "Depypere, Melissa", "Desmet, Stefanie", "Lagrou, Katrien", "Van Ranst, Marc", "Verdonck, Ann K L C", "Goveia, Jermaine"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348469", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the development, implementation and requirements of laboratory information system (LIS) functionality to manage test ordering, registration, sample flow, and result reporting during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our large (>12,000,000 tests/year) academic hospital laboratory is the Belgian National Reference Center (NRC) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing. We performed a moving total of\u2009>\u200925,000 SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests in parallel to standard routine testing since the start of the outbreak. A LIS implementation team dedicated to develop tools to remove the bottlenecks, primarily situated in the pre- and post-analytical phase, was established early in the crisis. We outline the design, implementation and requirements of LIS functionality related to managing increased test demand during the COVID-19 crisis, including tools for test ordering, standardized order sets integrated into a computerized provider order entry module, notifications on shipping requirements, automated triaging based on digital metadata forms, and the establishment of databases with contact details of other laboratories and primary care physicians to enable automated reporting. We also describe our approach to data mining and reporting of actionable daily summary statistics to governing bodies and other policymakers. Rapidly developed, agile extendable LIS functionality and its meaningful use alleviates the administrative burden on laboratory personnel and improves turn-around-time of SARS-CoV-2 testing. It will be important to maintain an environment that is conducive for the rapid adoption of meaningful LIS tools post-COVID crisis."}, {"pmid": 32384251, "title": "The Value of Remote Monitoring for the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Watson, Andrew R", "Wah, Robert", "Thamman, Ritu"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    COVID-19 has created the need for population-level screening, and telemedicine is ideally positioned to enable this. As telemedicine has evolved over the last decade, remote monitoring emerged as a new and powerful modality. COVID-19 requires scaled interactions with populations in near real-time. Remote monitoring has specific operational and design features that are well suited for the COVID-19, especially the asynchronous communication. Monitoring can be used in particular to gather pandemic data and obtain real-time clinical feedback. As telemedicine continues to grow and evolve, remote monitoring is emerging as a valuable tool for payers, providers, and public health officials alike.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32501972, "title": "Efficacy and safety of Lian-Hua Qing-Wen granule for COVID-2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Hu, Zhipeng", "Yang, Maoyi", "Xie, Chunguang"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501972", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Since the outbreak, the disease has caused more than 60,502 deaths worldwide. Lian-Hua Qing-Wen Granule (LHQWG) is widely used in treating COVID-19 in China. However, there is no evidence that LHQWG is effective for COVID-19. A comprehensive literature search will be conducted. Two methodological trained researchers will read the title, abstract and full texts and independently select the qualified literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. After assessment of the risk of bias and data extraction, we will conduct meta-analyses for outcomes related to COVID-19. The heterogeneity of data will be investigated by Cochrane X and I tests. Publication bias assessment will be conducted by funnel plot analysis and Egger test. The results of our research will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Our study aims to systematically present the clinical evidence of LHQWG in treating COVID-19, which will be of significant meaning for further research and clinical practice. 10.17605/OSF.IO/27SBU."}, {"pmid": 32419568, "title": "Orbital cellulitis, sinusitis and intracranial abnormalities in two adolescents with COVID-19.", "journal": "Orbit", "authors": ["Turbin, Roger E", "Wawrzusin, Peter J", "Sakla, Nicole M", "Traba, Christin M", "Wong, Kristin G", "Mirani, Neena", "Eloy, Jean A", "Nimchinsky, Esther A"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419568", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We review two cases of adolescents with orbital cellulitis, sinusitis and SARS- CoV-2 infection presenting to emergency departments within a 24 hour period. SARS-CoV-2 samples obtained within 24\u00a0hours were positive, supporting prior infection despite relatively limited early symptoms of COVID-19. Unusual clinical and radiographic characteristics included hemorrhagic abscess with blood of varying age in the first, intracranial epidural abscess in the second, radiographic signal consistent with hemorrhagic or thrombotic phenomena, retro-maxillary antral fat changes, and meningeal enhancement or extension in both cases. Radiographic findings thereby mimic fungal infection, although final cultures and ancillary investigation for allergic and invasive fungal disease have remained negative. These cases highlight two unusual orbital presentations of cellulitis occurring in the context of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection."}, {"pmid": 32417246, "pmcid": "PMC7224674", "title": "Evaluation of COVID-19 epidemic outbreak caused by temporal contact-increase in South Korea.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kim, Sungchan", "Jeong, Yong Dam", "Byun, Jong Hyuk", "Cho, Giphil", "Park, Anna", "Jung, Jae Hun", "Roh, Yunil", "Choi, Sooyoun", "Muhammad, Ibrahim Malik", "Jung, Il Hyo"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417246", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 15, 2020, 61.3% of the confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection in South Korea are associated with the worship service that was organized on February 9 in the Shincheonji Church of Jesus in Daegu. We aim to evaluate the effects of mass infection in South Korea and assess the preventive control intervention. Using openly available data of daily cumulative confirmed cases and deaths, the basic and effective reproduction numbers was estimated using a modified susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered-type epidemic model. The basic reproduction number was estimated to be \u2009R0=1.77. The effective reproduction number increased approximately 20 times after the mass infections from the 31 st patient, which was confirmed on February 9 in the Shincheonji Church of Jesus, Daegu. However, the effective reproduction number decreased to less than unity after February 28 owing to the implementation of high-level preventive control interventions in South Korea, coupled with voluntary prevention actions by citizens. Preventive action and control intervention were successfully established in South Korea."}, {"pmid": 32331829, "pmcid": "PMC7141481", "title": "[Smoking and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Rev Mal Respir", "authors": ["Underner, M", "Peiffer, G", "Perriot, J", "Jaafari, N"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331829", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472231, "pmcid": "PMC7259872", "title": "Preparing for the coming transnational cancer crisis amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cancer Causes Control", "authors": ["Ip, Eric C", "Lee, Shing Fung"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472231", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Spain", "China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The continuing outbreak of the\u00a0coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has inflicted considerable burdens onto the health system of China, the world's most populous country. Remarkably, among spectrum of potential\u00a0mitigation strategies, the Chinese government has implemented all-out\u00a0lockdowns on large geographical areas, unprecedented in the modern era. This inevitably undermined\u00a0the right to healthcare of many who now faced great difficulty in getting treatment, especially those with cancer or other life-threatening issues. We elaborate and discuss the medico-legal and human rights consideration triggered by the lockdowns, the unprecedented mass quarantine of Hubei province in China, and the suspension of normal healthcare services. We argue that the same challenge will now be faced by\u00a0other countries, particularly the\u00a0USA, Italy, Spain, and France, as the epicentres of COVID-19 has shifted to Europe and the Americas."}, {"pmid": 32402114, "pmcid": "PMC7273086", "title": "Managing ocular allergy in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Leonardi, Andrea", "Fauquert, Jean L", "Doan, Serge", "Delgado, Luis", "Andant, Nicolas", "Klimek, Ludger", "Bozkurt, Banu"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402114", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476778, "pmcid": "PMC7235590", "title": "Orthopaedic Walk-In Clinics: A model to lessen the burden on Emergency Departments during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Orthop", "authors": ["MacKechnie, Madeline C", "Nadeau, Molly", "Deering, Ericka", "Thaller, John", "MacKechnie, Michael A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476778", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Operating duties for orthopaedic surgeons decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, while Emergency Department (ED) cases surged. Orthopaedic Walk-In Clinics (OWICs) were implemented to manage urgent musculoskeletal cases. OWICs, organized in three days, were staffed by one orthopaedic surgeon, one triage person, three medical assistants, and a physician assistant/nurse practitioner. Musculoskeletal non-emergency ED referrals decreased by 40.6% (p\u00a0<\u00a00.001) after initiation of the OWICs, allowing optimal use of resources to address the COVID-19 surge. This paper describes the OWIC model and its preliminary impact. The OWICs could serve as a template for other orthopaedic departments during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32474977, "title": "Information and Disinformation: Social Media in the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Gottlieb, Michael", "Dyer, Sean"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474977", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic with over 4.7 million cases and 316,000 deaths worldwide.1 Social media, defined as \"electronic communication through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content,\"2 has played an important role during the COVID-19 pandemic. In fact, social media usage amongst the public has previously been demonstrated to significantly increase in cases of natural disasters and crises.3 However, it is important to consider the benefits and limitations of this medium."}, {"pmid": 32512243, "title": "Letter to the Editor regarding \"COVID-19 and Neurosurgical Education in Africa\"; How the pandemic is changing neurosurgical education in Morocco.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Oudrhiri, Mohammed Yassaad", "Bechri, Hajar", "Hakkou, El Mehdi", "Arkha, Yasser", "El Ouahabi, Abdessamad"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512243", "countries": ["Morocco"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356698, "pmcid": "PMC7231661", "title": "Quality improvement in the time of coronavirus disease 2019 - A change strategy well suited to pandemic response.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Mondoux, Shawn", "Thull-Freedman, Jennifer", "Dowling, Shawn", "Gardner, Katie", "Taher, Ahmed", "Gupta, Rakesh", "Trivedi, Sachin", "Lindsay, Heather", "Finlayson, Annie", "Berthelot, Simon", "Kwok, Edmund", "Chartier, Lucas"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356698", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492170, "title": "Medical education: COVID-19 and surgery.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Khan, S", "Mian, A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492170", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32408356, "title": "Decline in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding during Covid-19 pandemic after lockdown in Austria.", "journal": "Endoscopy", "authors": ["Schmiderer, Andreas", "Schwaighofer, Hubert", "Niederreiter, Lukas", "Profanter, Christoph", "Steinle, Hartmut", "Ziachehabi, Alexander", "Tilg, Herbert"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408356", "countries": ["Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background and study aims COVID-19 disease has rapidly spread all over the world. The Austrian government has implemented a lockdown to contain further spread of this disease on March 16th. We investigated the effects of lockdown on acute upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in Austria. Patients and methods We contacted 98 Austrian hospitals performing emergency endoscopies. The hospitals were asked to report upper GI endoscopies performed because of recent hematemesis, melena, or both and exhibiting endoscopically visible signs of bleeding. Investigated time points included three weeks before and after lockdown. Results 61% of Austrian hospitals and importantly all major state hospitals responded. 575 upper GI bleedings occurred in the three weeks before and 341 after lockdown (40.7% reduction). When comparing the first and last calendar week of investigation we observed an almost 55% decline in nonvariceal bleeding events (calendar week 9 versus 14: 196 versus 89) whereas rates of variceal hemorrhage did not change (calendar week 9 versus 14: 17 versus 15). Conclusions National lockdown resulted in a dramatic decrease in upper gastrointestinal bleeding events."}, {"pmid": 32386460, "pmcid": "PMC7272985", "title": "Chilblains in children in the setting of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Andina, David", "Noguera-Morel, Lucero", "Bascuas-Arribas, Marta", "Gaitero-Tristan, Jara", "Alonso-Cadenas, Jose Antonio", "Escalada-Pellitero, Silvia", "Hernandez-Martin, Angela", "de la Torre-Espi, Mercedes", "Colmenero, Isabel", "Torrelo, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386460", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Different skin manifestations of COVID-19 are being reported. Acral lesions on the hands and feet, closely resembling chilblains, have been recognized during the peak incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective review of 22 children and adolescents with chilblain-like lesions seen over a short period of time in the Emergency Department of a children's hospital during the peak incidence of COVID-19 in Madrid, Spain. All patients had lesions clinically consistent with chilblains of the toes or feet, with three also having lesions of the fingers. Pruritus and mild pain were the only skin symptoms elicited, and only 10 had mild respiratory and/or GI symptoms. None had fever. Coagulation tests, hemogram, serum chemistry, and lupus anticoagulant were normal in all patients tested. One out of 16 tested cases had elevated D-dimer results, but without systemic symptoms or other laboratory anomalies. SARS-CoV-2 PCR tested in 19 cases was positive in just one case. Skin biopsies obtained in six patients were consistent with chilblains. On follow-up, all cases showed spontaneous marked improvement or complete healing. Acute chilblains were observed during COVID-19 pandemic in children and teenagers. It is a mildly symptomatic condition with an excellent prognosis, usually requiring no therapy. Etiopathogenesis remains unknown."}, {"pmid": 32355962, "pmcid": "PMC7197519", "title": "Letter: The Use of Absorbable Sutures in Neurosurgical Procedures in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Santos, Edgar", "Pailler, Jose Ignacio", "Beynon, Christopher", "El Damaty, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355962", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507464, "title": "One-Lung Ventilation: A Simple Technique to Reduce Air Contamination During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Kostroglou, Andreas", "Alevizou, Anastasia", "Sidiropoulou, Tatiana"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507464", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446399, "pmcid": "PMC7241973", "title": "The plight of essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446399", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451937, "pmcid": "PMC7246961", "title": "Covid-19 and Gender in LMICs: Potential Lessons from HIV Pandemic.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Small, Eusebius", "Sharma, Bonita B", "Nikolova, Silviya Pavlova"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451937", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416028, "title": "Neurological manifestations and neuro-invasive mechanisms of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Vonck, Kristl", "Garrez, Ieme", "De Herdt, Veerle", "Hemelsoet, Dimitri", "Laureys, Guy", "Raedt, Robrecht", "Boon, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416028", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infections with coronaviruses are not always confined to the respiratory tract and various neurological manifestations have been reported. The aim of this study was to perform a review to describe neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19 and possible neuro-invasive mechanisms of Sars-CoV-2. Pubmed, WebOfScience and Covid-dedicated databases were searched for the combination of COVID-19 terminology and neurology terminology up to May 10th 2020. Social media channels were followed-up between March 15th and May 10th 2020 for postings with the same scope. Neurological manifestations were extracted from the identified manuscripts and combined to provide a useful summary for the neurologist in clinical practice. Neurological manifestations potentially related to COVID-19 have been reported in large studies, case series and case reports and include acute cerebrovascular diseases, impaired consciousness, cranial nerve manifestations and auto-immune disorders such as Guillain-Barr\u00e9 Syndrome often present in patients with more severe COVID-19. Cranial nerve symptoms such as olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are highly prevalent in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 even without associated nasal symptoms and often present in an early stage of the disease. Physicians should be aware of the neurological manifestations in patients with COVID-19, especially when rapid clinical deterioration occurs. The neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients may be due to direct viral neurological injury or indirect neuroinflammatory and autoimmune mechanisms. No antiviral treatments against the virus or vaccines for its prevention are available and the long-term consequences of the infection on human health remain uncertain especially with regards to the neurological system."}, {"pmid": 32303505, "title": "Covid-19: ibuprofen can be used for symptoms, says UK agency, but reasons for change in advice are unclear.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303505", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303722, "title": "Science in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303722", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259313, "pmcid": "PMC7262196", "title": "Review of Emerging Pharmacotherapy for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Pharmacotherapy", "authors": ["Barlow, Ashley", "Landolf, Kaitlin M", "Barlow, Brooke", "Yeung, Siu Yan Amy", "Heavner, Jason J", "Claassen, Cassidy W", "Heavner, Mojdeh S"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259313", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has evolved into an emergent global pandemic. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can manifest on a spectrum of illness from mild disease to severe respiratory failure requiring intensive care unit admission. As the incidence continues to rise at a rapid pace, critical care teams are faced with challenging treatment decisions. There is currently no widely accepted standard of care in the pharmacologic management of patients with COVID-19. Urgent identification of potential treatment strategies is a priority. Therapies include novel agents available in clinical trials or through compassionate use, and other drugs, repurposed antiviral and immunomodulating therapies. Many have demonstrated in vitro or in vivo potential against other viruses that are similar to SARS-CoV-2. Critically ill patients with COVID-19 have additional considerations related to adjustments for organ impairment and renal replacement therapies, complex lists of concurrent medications, limitations with drug administration and compatibility, and unique toxicities that should be evaluated when utilizing these therapies. The purpose of this review is to summarize practical considerations for pharmacotherapy in patients with COVID-19, with the intent of serving as a resource for health care providers at the forefront of clinical care during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32195700, "pmcid": "PMC7155903", "title": "Establishing and Managing a Temporary Coronavirus Disease 2019 Specialty Hospital in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Zhu, Weihong", "Wang, Yang", "Xiao, Kui", "Zhang, Huilin", "Tian, Yi", "Clifford, Sean P", "Xu, Junmei", "Huang, Jiapeng"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195700", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32083985, "pmcid": "PMC7233368", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Perspective from China.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Zu, Zi Yue", "Jiang, Meng Di", "Xu, Peng Peng", "Chen, Wen", "Ni, Qian Qian", "Lu, Guang Ming", "Zhang, Long Jiang"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32083985", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and spread across China and beyond. On February 12, 2020, WHO officially named the disease caused by the novel coronavirus as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since most COVID-19 infected patients were diagnosed with pneumonia and characteristic CT imaging patterns, radiological examinations have become vital in early diagnosis and assessment of disease course. To date, CT findings have been recommended as major evidence for clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 in Hubei, China. This review focuses on the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms of COVID-19, while highlighting the role of chest CT in prevention and disease control. A full translation of this article in Chinese is available."}, {"pmid": 32157847, "title": "[How to understand the histopathology of SARS and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome].", "journal": "Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, J"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32157847", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32091395, "pmcid": "PMC7060038", "title": "Estimated effectiveness of symptom and risk screening to prevent the spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Gostic, Katelyn", "Gomez, Ana Cr", "Mummah, Riley O", "Kucharski, Adam J", "Lloyd-Smith, James O"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32091395", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Traveller screening is being used to limit further spread of COVID-19 following its recent emergence, and symptom screening has become a ubiquitous tool in the global response. Previously, we developed a mathematical model to understand factors governing the effectiveness of traveller screening to prevent spread of emerging pathogens (Gostic et al., 2015). Here, we estimate the impact of different screening programs given current knowledge of key COVID-19 life history and epidemiological parameters. Even under best-case assumptions, we estimate that screening will miss more than half of infected people. Breaking down the factors leading to screening successes and failures, we find that most cases missed by screening are fundamentally undetectable, because they have not yet developed symptoms and are unaware they were exposed. Our work underscores the need for measures to limit transmission by individuals who become ill after being missed by a screening program. These findings can support evidence-based policy to combat the spread of COVID-19, and prospective planning to mitigate future emerging pathogens."}, {"pmid": 32289216, "title": "Drug Evaluation during the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rome, Benjamin N", "Avorn, Jerry"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289216", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400858, "pmcid": "PMC7239257", "title": "Are Patients With Alcohol Use Disorders at Increased Risk for Covid-19 Infection?", "journal": "Alcohol Alcohol", "authors": ["Testino, Gianni"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400858", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475654, "pmcid": "PMC7205697", "title": "Evaluating and Treating Foot and Ankle Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Foot Ankle Surg", "authors": ["Malay, D Scot"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475654", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489022, "title": "[Application of Reyanning Mixture in evaluating combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking lung syndrome].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Bao, Lei", "Shi, Yu-Jing", "Geng, Zi-Han", "Sun, Jing", "Zhao, Rong-Hua", "DU, Cheng-Qiang", "Chu, Ya-Jun", "Cui, Xiao-Lan"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489022", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the previous research, our laboratory established a mouse model combining disease with syndrome of human coronavi-rus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome, based on the national traditional Chinese medicine clinical classification of Novel Coronavirus Infected Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Plan. In this study, a mouse model combining disease with syndrome of human coronavirus pneumonia with pestilence attacking the lung syndrome was used to evaluate the effectiveness of Reyanning Mixture to provide animal experimental support for clinical application. Mice were divided into normal group, 229 E infection group, cold-dampness group, cold-dampness+229 E infection group(the model group), Reyanning high and low dose groups. The cold-dampness group, cold-dampness+229 E infection group, two Reyanning groups were given cold and damp stimulation for 7 days. On the 5 th day, the 229 E infection group, cold-dampness+229 E infection group, and two Reyanning groups were infected with HCoV-229 E virus. Reyanning was administered for 3 days, starting from the day of infection. Blood was collected on the 4 th day and the lung tissue was dissected to calculate the lung index and inhibition rate; flow cytometry was used to detect the percentage of T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood; RT-PCR was used to detect the nucleic acid virus load in lung tissue; ELISA was used to detect motilin and gastrin in serum, and inflammatory factors TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, IL-6, IL-10 in lung tissue proteins. Reyanning Mixture could reduce the lung index(P<0.01) of coronavirus pneumonia mice with pestilence attacking the lung; it could significantly increase the percentage of CD8~+ T lymphocytes and CD4~+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of model mice(P<0.05, P<0.01). The low dose of Reyanning could effectively increase the percentage of total B lymphocytes(P<0.05), reduce virus load in lung tissue of model mice(P<0.01), reduce the levels of TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, IL-6, IL-10 in the lung tissue of model mice(P<0.01), reduce the content of motilin in the serum of model mice(P<0.01). Reyanning Mixture convey a better effect in treating coronavirus pneumonia mice with pestilence attacking the lung. It manifested obvious effects in improving lung lesions, enhancing the gastrointestinal function of mice, improving the autoimmune function of mice, and reducing the expression of inflammatory factors in vivo, which could provide evidences for clinical research."}, {"pmid": 32250324, "pmcid": "PMC7242824", "title": "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Parkinson's Disease: Hidden Sorrows and Emerging Opportunities.", "journal": "J Parkinsons Dis", "authors": ["Helmich, Rick C", "Bloem, Bastiaan R"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250324", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226290, "pmcid": "PMC7098027", "title": "Targeting the Endocytic Pathway and Autophagy Process as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Yang, Naidi", "Shen, Han-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226290", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of enveloped, single-stranded positive genomic RNA viruses and some of them are known to cause severe respiratory diseases in human, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and the ongoing coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). One key element in viral infection is the process of viral entry into the host cells. In the last two decades, there is increasing understanding on the importance of the endocytic pathway and the autophagy process in viral entry and replication. As a result, the endocytic pathway including endosome and lysosome has become important targets for development of therapeutic strategies in combating diseases caused by CoVs. In this mini-review, we will focus on the importance of the endocytic pathway as well as the autophagy process in viral infection of several pathogenic CoVs inclusive of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and the new CoV named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and discuss the development of therapeutic agents by targeting these processes. Such knowledge will provide important clues for control of the ongoing epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 infection and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32297828, "title": "Correlation Between Relative Nasopharyngeal Virus RNA Load and Lymphocyte Count Disease Severity in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Viral Immunol", "authors": ["Liu, Yang", "Liao, Wenjian", "Wan, Lagen", "Xiang, Tianxing", "Zhang, Wei"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297828", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between dynamic changes in the nasopharyngeal viral load of patients infected with the new coronavirus causing pneumonia and lymphocyte count disease severity. Cases newly diagnosed with COVID-19 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2020 to February 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from throat swab sample \u0394CT values; lymphocyte and lymphocyte subset counts, coagulation system factor levels, myocardial injury indexes, and laboratory biochemical indicators were compared between the mild group and the severe group. The correlation between the relative load of nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 RNA and severe disease symptoms was analyzed. Of the 76 patients, 49 were male and 27 were female. The lymphocyte, CD4+ T lymphocyte, and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts all differed significantly between the two groups (p\u2009<\u20090.001), as did differences in interleukin (IL)-2R, IL-6, and IL-8 levels (p\u2009=\u20090.022, 0.026, and 0.012, respectively). Moreover, there were significant differences in prothrombin time, D-dimer, and fibrinogen levels between the mild group and the severe group (p\u2009=\u20090.029, 0.006, and <0.001, respectively), and in lactate dehydrogenase and troponin (p\u2009<\u20090.001 and p\u2009=\u20090.007, respectively). SARS-CoV-2 RNA load and lymphocyte count, CD4+ T lymphocyte count, and CD8+ T lymphocyte count were linearly negatively correlated (p\u2009<\u20090.001). SARS-CoV-2 RNA load was positively correlated with IL-2R, prothrombin time, lactate dehydrogenase, and hypersensitive troponin T (p\u2009=\u20090.002, p\u2009=\u20090.009, and p\u2009<\u20090.001, respectively). In addition, the time that it took for the nucleic acid test to turn negative was significantly shorter for patients in the mild group than for those in the severe group (Z\u2009=\u2009-6.713, p\u2009<\u20090.001). In conclusion, relative SARS-CoV-2 RNA load in the nasopharynx is closely related to COVID-19 severity. If the relative RNA load was higher, the lymphocyte count was lower, organ damage was greater, and the time it took for the nucleic acid test to turn negative was longer."}, {"pmid": 32342369, "pmcid": "PMC7184540", "title": "[A gastrointestinal overview of COVID-19].", "journal": "MMW Fortschr Med", "authors": ["Konturek, Peter C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342369", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445626, "pmcid": "PMC7239617", "title": "Prevalence of putative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Alanio, Alexandre", "Delliere, Sarah", "Fodil, Sofiane", "Bretagne, Stephane", "Megarbane, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445626", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314081, "pmcid": "PMC7169637", "title": "Pharmacologic Therapy for COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "J Community Health", "authors": ["Nusbaum, Neil"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314081", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has focused attention on issues of epidemiology, public health, and vaccine design. I submit that attention to COVID-19 pharmacologic therapy needs similar emphasis, including identifying any existing medications that can be repurposed to treat COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32320564, "title": "First Case of Covid-19 in the United States.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Ren, Chuanli", "Chen, Hui", "Chen, Hou-Zao"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320564", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319449, "title": "A pregnant woman and the SARS-CoV-2 infection: how are barriers easily crossed?", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Indraccolo, Ugo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319449", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A case of SARS-CoV-2 in a pregnant woman is described. How the case has crossed the barriers is highlighted, hoping this will be useful in planning appropriate intervention in cases of infected pregnant women."}, {"pmid": 32433451, "title": "Lymphopenia and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection Among Hospitalized Obstetric Patients.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Duffy, Cassandra R", "Hart, Jessica M", "Modest, Anna M", "Hacker, Michele R", "Golen, Toni", "Li, Yunping", "Zera, Chloe", "Shainker, Scott A", "Mehrotra, Preeti", "Zash, Rebecca", "Wylie, Blair J"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433451", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518920, "pmcid": "PMC7270824", "title": "Caution and clarity required in the use of chloroquine for COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["Wong, Yin Kwan", "Yang, Jing", "He, Yingke"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518920", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32108352, "pmcid": "PMC7228274", "title": "Clinical trial analysis of 2019-nCoV therapy registered in China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Qi", "Wang, Yakun", "Qi, Changsong", "Shen, Lin", "Li, Jian"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108352", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "So far, there is a lack of effective drugs for the new coronavirus pneumonia. With more and more patients diagnosed, China has carried out more than 100 clinical studies of new coronavirus infection, including antiviral drugs, antimalarial drugs, glucocorticoids, plasma therapy, virus vaccine, and other Western drugs, while Chinese medicine research accounted for half of the studies. Most of the trials were initiated by investigators and the study period would last for 1 to 11 months. The primary endpoints included symptom improvement and virus nucleic acid turning negative, but the optimal endpoint has not been determined. Although the final results of studies will take a long time to complete, the interim research data may provide some help for the current urgent demand for drug treatment. Compared with that of during SARS period in 2003, China has the stronger capability to carry out clinical trials of new drugs in emergency period."}, {"pmid": 32478546, "title": "COVID-19 in Malta: The mental health impact.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Grech, Paulann", "Grech, Reuben"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478546", "countries": ["Malta"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had a devastating impact on health, economies, and other societal pillars. The Maltese archipelago has also been affected by this viral threat. Due to Malta's characteristics as one of the smallest islands in Europe, the picture, which shall be portrayed in this article, may have some unique features, especially in terms of mental health and societal well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32410529, "title": "CT Diagnosis of Coronavirus Infection.", "journal": "Curr Med Imaging", "authors": ["Kim, Euishin Edmund"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410529", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333304, "pmcid": "PMC7180666", "title": "SARS-Cov-2 (human) and COVID-19: Primer 2020.", "journal": "Hepatol Int", "authors": ["Ramakrishna, Gayatri", "Kumar, Pradeep", "Aggarwal, Savera", "Islam, Mojahidul", "Singh, Ravinder", "Jagdish, Rakesh K", "Trehanpati, Nirupma"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333304", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398850, "pmcid": "PMC7216866", "title": "Care for critically Ill patients with COVID-19: don't forget the eyes.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Ting, Darren Shu Jeng", "Deshmukh, Rashmi", "Said, Dalia G", "Dua, Harminder S"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359090, "pmcid": "PMC7267548", "title": "Convalescent plasma: possible therapy for novel coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Cao, Huiling", "Shi, Yuan"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359090", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511912, "title": "COVID-19: Drug targets and potential treatments.", "journal": "J Med Chem", "authors": ["Gil, Carmen", "Ginex, Tiziana", "Maestro, Ines", "Nozal, Vanesa", "Barrado-Gil, Lucia", "Cuesta-Geijo, Miguel A", "Urquiza, Jesus", "Ramirez, David", "Alonso, Covadonga", "Campillo, Nuria E", "Martinez, Ana"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511912", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, we are immersed in a pandemic caused by the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which severely threatens public health worldwide. Until now, no drug or vaccine has been approved to treat the severe disease caused by this coronavirus, COVID-19. We will focus on the main virus-based and host-based targets that can guide medicinal chemistry efforts to discover new drugs for this devastating disease. In principle, all CoVs enzymes and proteins involved in viral replication and the control of host cellular machineries are potentially druggable targets in the search for therapeutic options for SARS-CoV-2. This perspective provides an overview of the main targets from a structural point of view, together with reported therapeutic compounds with activity against SARS-CoV-2 and/or other CoVs. Also, the role of innate immune response to coronavirus infection and the related therapeutic options will be presented."}, {"pmid": 32392382, "title": "COVID-19: A message of hope from a young girl with severe cystic fibrosis.", "journal": "Pediatr Pulmonol", "authors": ["Blanchon, Sylvain", "Fernandez, Clara", "Guerin, Sophie", "Crisinel, Pierre-Alex", "Rochat, Isabelle"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392382", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515389, "title": "COVID-19 in children: Epidemiology, presentation, diagnosis and management.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Khan, Ejaz A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515389", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected children, including neonates, who mostly comprise of approximately 2% of total confirmed cases. Most children are asymptomatic or have mild disease and much lower mortality compared to adults for yet unknown reasons. Recovery from illness has largely been universal and <2% have severe disease requiring intensive care. Standardised guidelines from initial studies are now available for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Treatment is mostly supportive with no recommendations for any specific drugs so far. As the pandemic evolves, it is expected that more children will be diagnosed and treated with evolving newer regimens. Research should now focus on early diagnosis, better drugs for children, intensive care modalities, and a universal vaccine. New developments will help in better prevention asides from the other precautionary measures already being practiced."}, {"pmid": 32367615, "title": "Trends and Innovations in Biosensors for COVID-19 Mass Testing.", "journal": "Chembiochem", "authors": ["Santiago, Ibon"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367615", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fast and widespread diagnosis is crucial to fighting against the outbreak of COVID-19. This work surveys the landscape of available and emerging biosensor technologies for COVID-19 testing. Molecular diagnostic assays based on quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction are used in most clinical laboratories. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed testing capacity and motivated the development of fast point-of-care tests and the adoption of isothermal DNA amplification. Antigenic and serological rapid tests based on lateral-flow immunoassays suffer from low sensitivity. Advanced digital systems enhance performance at the expense of speed and the need for large equipment. Emerging technologies, including CRISPR gene-editing tools, benefit from high sensitivity and specificity of molecular diagnostics and the easy use of lateral-flow assays. DNA sequencing and sample pooling strategies are highlighted to bring out the full capacity of the available biosensor technologies and accelerate mass testing."}, {"pmid": 32310289, "title": "Health Care Heroes of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Bauchner, Howard", "Easley, Thomas J"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310289", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436446, "title": "Older Workers on the COVID-19-Frontlines without Paid Sick Leave.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Ghilarducci, Teresa", "Farmand, Aida"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436446", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of COVID-19 has left many workers around the world - workers in food distribution, truckers, janitors, and home and personal health care workers - deeply concerned about contracting the virus from exposure at work. In particular, older workers in frontline occupations are vulnerable to illness and to the deadly and debilitating effects of COVID-19, especially with inadequate protective gear and inadequate sick leave. In the absence of strong unions, which ensure that employers provide workers with accurate information, robust training, adequate equipment, and paid leave in the event of quarantines or illness, the COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need for additional legislation to shore up worker protections and provide paid sick leave."}, {"pmid": 32419564, "title": "Consideration of prevention and management of long-term consequences of post-acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Physiother Theory Pract", "authors": ["Candan, Sevim Acaroz", "Elibol, Nuray", "Abdullahi, Auwal"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419564", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This manuscript provides support for physical therapists to focus on the long-term, as well as the short-term, consequences of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with COVID-19. Since late November 2019, COVID-19 has become a global health pandemic and threat. Although most people have no or mild symptoms, COVID-19 spreads aggressively and can lead to ARDS rapidly in a proportion of individuals. The evidence supports that gas exchange and countering the negative effects of bed rest and immobility are priorities in severely affected patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). However, in recent years, research has focused on poor long-term functional outcomes in patients with ARDS, often associated with ICU-acquired weakness, deconditioning, and myopathies and neuropathies. In addition to physical therapists providing respiratory support in the ICU, the literature unequivocally supports the view that early intervention for ICU management of patients with ARDS secondary to COVID-19 needs to focus on reducing contributors to impaired long-term function, with direct attention paid to preventing or managing ICU-acquired weakness, deconditioning, and myopathies and neuropathies, in conjunction with respiratory care."}, {"pmid": 32524516, "title": "Evaluation of variation in D-dimer levels among COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia: a retrospective analysis.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Yu, Bilian", "Li, Xin", "Chen, Jin", "Ouyang, Mingqi", "Zhang, Hong", "Zhao, Xinge", "Tang, Liang", "Luo, Qin", "Xu, Min", "Yang, Lizhen", "Huang, Guxiang", "Liu, Xianling", "Tang, Jianjun"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524516", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the recent outbreak of novel coronavirus infection worldwide, the risk of thrombosis and bleeding should be concerned. We aimed to observe the dynamic changes of D-dimer levels during disease progression to evaluate their value for thrombosis. In this study, we report the clinical and laboratory results of 57 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and 46 patients with confirmed community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (CAP). And their concentrations of D-dimer, infection-related biomarkers, and conventional coagulation were retrospectively analyzed. The Padua prediction score is used to identify patients at high risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The results found that, on admission, both in COVID-19 patients and CAP patients, D-dimer levels were significantly increased, and compared with CAP patients, D-dimer levels were higher in COVID-19 patients (P\u2009 < 0.05). Besides, we found that in COVID-19 patients, D-dimer were related with markers of inflammation, especially with hsCRP (R = 0.426, P < 0.05). However, there was low correlation between VTE score and D-dimer levels (Spearman's R = 0.264, P > 0.05) weakened the role of D-dimer in the prediction of thrombosis. After treatments, D-dimer levels decreased which was synchronous with hsCRP levels in patients with good clinical prognosis, but there were still some patients with anomalous increasing D-dimer levels after therapy. In conclusion, elevated baseline D-dimer levels are associated with inflammation but not with VTE score in COVID-19 patients, suggesting that it is unreasonable to judge whether anticoagulation is needed only according to D-dimer levels. However, the abnormal changes of D-dimer and inflammatory factors suggest that anticoagulant therapy might be needed."}, {"pmid": 32243877, "pmcid": "PMC7201123", "title": "Running a virtual allergy division and training program in the time of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Codispoti, Christopher D", "Bandi, Sindhura", "Moy, James N", "Mahdavinia, Mahboobeh"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243877", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360420, "pmcid": "PMC7182527", "title": "Cytokine storm intervention in the early stages of COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Sun, Xinjuan", "Wang, Tianyuan", "Cai, Dayong", "Hu, Zhiwei", "Chen, Jin'an", "Liao, Hui", "Zhi, Liming", "Wei, Hongxia", "Zhang, Zhihong", "Qiu, Yuying", "Wang, Jing", "Wang, Aiping"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360420", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical intervention in patients with corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has demonstrated a strong upregulation of cytokine production in patients who are critically ill with SARS-CoV2-induced pneumonia. In a retrospective study of 41 patients with COVID-19, most patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection developed mild symptoms, whereas some patients later developed aggravated disease symptoms, and eventually passed away because of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), as a consequence of a severe cytokine storm. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infected pneumonia were first published January 30th, 2020; these guidelines recommended for the first time that cytokine monitoring should be applied in severely ill patients to reduce pneumonia related mortality. The cytokine storm observed in COVID-19 illness is also an important component of mortality in other viral diseases, including SARS, MERS and influenza. In view of the severe morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 pneumonia, we review the current understanding of treatment of human coronavirus infections from the perspective of a dysregulated cytokine and immune response."}, {"pmid": 32320384, "pmcid": "PMC7202482", "title": "Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody levels in convalescent plasma of six donors who have recovered from COVID-19.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Zhang, Libo", "Pang, Rongrong", "Xue, Xiang", "Bao, Jingjing", "Ye, Sheng", "Dai, Yudong", "Zheng, Yishan", "Fu, Qiang", "Hu, Zhiliang", "Yi, Yongxiang"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320384", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus antibody levels in convalescent plasma (CP), which may be useful in severe Anti-SARS-CoV-2 virus infections, have been rarely reported. A total of eight donors were considered for enrollment; two of them were excluded because of ineligible routine check. Of the six remaining participants, five samples were tested weakly positive by the IgM ELISA. Meanwhile, high titers of IgG were observed in five samples. The patient treated with CP did not require mechanical ventilation 11 days after plasma transfusion, and was then transferred to a general ward. Our serological findings in convalescent plasma from recovered patients may help facilitate understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and establish CP donor screening protocol in COVID-19 outbreak. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies including IgM and IgG were measured by two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) in convalescent plasma from six donors who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Nanjing, China. CP was also utilized for the treatment of one severe COVID-19 patient."}, {"pmid": 32289263, "pmcid": "PMC7153529", "title": "An Infectious cDNA Clone of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Xie, Xuping", "Muruato, Antonio", "Lokugamage, Kumari G", "Narayanan, Krishna", "Zhang, Xianwen", "Zou, Jing", "Liu, Jianying", "Schindewolf, Craig", "Bopp, Nathen E", "Aguilar, Patricia V", "Plante, Kenneth S", "Weaver, Scott C", "Makino, Shinji", "LeDuc, James W", "Menachery, Vineet D", "Shi, Pei-Yong"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289263", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), underscores the urgency to develop experimental systems for studying this virus and identifying countermeasures. We report a reverse genetic system for SARS-CoV-2. Seven complimentary DNA (cDNA) fragments spanning the SARS-CoV-2 genome were assembled into a full-genome cDNA. RNA transcribed from the full-genome cDNA was highly infectious after electroporation into cells, producing 2.9\u00a0\u00d7 106 plaque-forming unit (PFU)/mL of virus. Compared with a clinical isolate, the infectious-clone-derived SARS-CoV-2 (icSARS-CoV-2) exhibited similar plaque morphology, viral RNA profile, and replication kinetics. Additionally, icSARS-CoV-2 retained engineered molecular markers and did not acquire other mutations. We generated a stable mNeonGreen SARS-CoV-2 (icSARS-CoV-2-mNG) by introducing this reporter gene into ORF7 of the viral genome. icSARS-CoV-2-mNG was successfully used to evaluate the antiviral activities of interferon (IFN). Collectively, the reverse genetic system and reporter virus provide key reagents to study SARS-CoV-2 and develop countermeasures."}, {"pmid": 32432720, "title": "The 'Black Death' and the physician at the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Rapezzi, Claudio", "Tavazzi, Luigi", "Ferrari, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432720", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445956, "pmcid": "PMC7239792", "title": "Review on the potential action mechanisms of Chinese medicines in treating Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Huang, Yu-Feng", "Bai, Chen", "He, Fan", "Xie, Ying", "Zhou, Hua"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445956", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared as a global pandemic, but specific medicines and vaccines are still being developed. In China, interventional therapies with traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 have achieved significant clinical efficacies, but the underlying pharmacological mechanisms are still unclear. This article reviewed the etiology of COVID-19 and clinical efficacy. Both network pharmacological study and literature search were used to demonstrate the possible action mechanisms of Chinese medicines in treating COVID-19. We found that Chinese medicines played the role of antivirus, anti-inflammation and immunoregulation, and target organs protection in the management of COVID-19 by multiple components acting on multiple targets at multiple pathways. AEC2 and 3CL protein could be the direct targets for inhibiting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Quercetin, kaempferol, luteolin, isorhamnetin, baicalein, naringenin, and wogonin could be the main active ingredients of Chinese medicines for the management of COVID-19 by targeting on AEC2 and 3CL protein and inhibiting inflammatory mediators, regulating immunity, and eliminating free radicals through COX-2, CASP3, IL-6, MAPK1, MAPK14, MAPK8, and REAL in the signaling pathways of IL-17, arachidonic acid, HIF-1, NF-\u03baB, Ras, and TNF. This study may provide meaningful and useful information on further research to investigate the action mechanisms of Chinese medicines against SARS-CoV-2 and also provide a basis for sharing the \"China scheme\" for COVID-19 treatment."}, {"pmid": 32385987, "title": "[My treatment strategies for severe and critical coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Yu, Zhui"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385987", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503831, "title": "Lockdown During COVID-19: The Greek Success.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Moris, Dimitrios", "Schizas, Dimitrios"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503831", "countries": ["Greece"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus is an ongoing pandemic challenging health systems worldwide. The aim of this report was to evaluate the effectiveness of lockdown in different countries, highlighting the performance of Greek society and authorities. We analyzed publicly available data from the \"Worldometer\". We evaluated the efficacy of lockdown at one month after implementation. Delta Days (DD) referred to the difference in the days of reaching 1 case/million people to the adoption of lockdown. Higher healthcare expenditure as % of the national GDP was not correlated with better 30-day mortality outcomes. DD index was significantly correlated to the incidence of COVID-19 per million people at 30 days (p-value=0.001). The correlation between DD and 30-day mortality was not statistically significant (p-value=0.087). Early lockdown was proven to be the appropriate policy to limit the spread of COVID-19. Greece was a success story in preventing spread despite limited resources."}, {"pmid": 32241761, "pmcid": "PMC7114954", "title": "Infectious diseases in children and adolescents in China: analysis of national surveillance data from 2008 to 2017.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dong, Yanhui", "Wang, Liping", "Burgner, David P", "Miller, Jessica E", "Song, Yi", "Ren, Xiang", "Li, Zhongjie", "Xing, Yi", "Ma, Jun", "Sawyer, Susan M", "Patton, George C"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241761", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To outline which infectious diseases in the pre-covid-19 era persist in children and adolescents in China and to describe recent trends and variations by age, sex, season, and province. National surveillance studies, 2008-17. 31 provinces in mainland China. 4\u2009959\u2009790 Chinese students aged 6 to 22 years with a diagnosis of any of 44 notifiable infectious diseases. The diseases were categorised into seven groups: quarantinable; vaccine preventable; gastrointestinal and enteroviral; vectorborne; zoonotic; bacterial; and sexually transmitted and bloodborne. Diagnosis of, and deaths from, 44 notifiable infectious diseases. From 2008 to 2017, 44 notifiable infectious diseases were diagnosed in 4\u2009959\u2009790 participants (3\u2009045\u2009905 males, 1\u2009913\u2009885 females) and there were 2532 deaths (1663 males, 869 females). The leading causes of death among infectious diseases shifted from rabies and tuberculosis to HIV/AIDS, particularly in males. Mortality from infectious diseases decreased steadily from 0.21 per 100\u2009000 population in 2008 to 0.07 per 100\u2009000 in 2017. Quarantinable conditions with high mortality have effectively disappeared. The incidence of notifiable infectious diseases in children and adolescents decreased from 280 per 100\u2009000 in 2008 to 162 per 100\u2009000 in 2015, but rose again to 242 per 100\u2009000 in 2017, largely related to mumps and seasonal influenza. Excluding mumps and influenza, the incidence of vaccine preventable diseases fell from 96 per 100\u2009000 in 2008 to 7 per 100\u2009000 in 2017. The incidence of gastrointestinal and enterovirus diseases remained constant, but typhoid, paratyphoid, and dysentery continued to decline. Vectorborne diseases all declined, with a particularly noticeable reduction in malaria. Zoonotic infections remained at low incidence, but there were still unpredictable outbreaks, such as pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza. Tuberculosis remained the most common bacterial infection, although cases of scarlet fever doubled between 2008 and 2017. Sexually transmitted diseases and bloodborne infections increased significantly, particularly from 2011 to 2017, among which HIV/AIDS increased fivefold, particularly in males. Difference was noticeable between regions, with children and adolescents in western China continuing to carry a disproportionate burden from infectious diseases. China's success in infectious disease control in the pre-covid-19 era was notable, with deaths due to infectious diseases in children and adolescents aged 6-22 years becoming rare. Many challenges remain around reducing regional inequalities, scaling-up of vaccination, prevention of further escalation of HIV/AIDS, renewed efforts for persisting diseases, and undertaking early and effective response to highly transmissible seasonal and unpredictable diseases such as that caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus."}, {"pmid": 32440918, "pmcid": "PMC7240242", "title": "A simple algorithm helps early identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection patients with severe progression tendency.", "journal": "Infection", "authors": ["Li, Qiang", "Zhang, Jianliang", "Ling, Yun", "Li, Weixia", "Zhang, Xiaoyu", "Lu, Hongzhou", "Chen, Liang"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440918", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to develop a simple algorithm to help early identification of SARS-CoV-2 infection patients with severe progression tendency. The univariable and multivariable analysis were computed to identify the independent predictors of COVID-19 progression. The prediction model was established in a retrospective training set of 322 COVID-19 patients and was re-evaluated in a prospective validation set of 317 COVID-19 patients. The multivariable analysis identified age (OR\u2009=\u20091.061, p\u2009=\u20090.028), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (OR\u2009=\u20091.006, p\u2009=\u20090.037), and CD4 count (OR\u2009=\u20090.993, p\u2009=\u20090.006) as the independent predictors of COVID-19 progression. Consequently, the age-LDH-CD4 algorithm was derived as (age\u2009\u00d7\u2009LDH)/CD4 count. In the training set, the area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of age-LDH-CD4 model was significantly higher than that of single CD4 count, LDH, or age (0.92, 0.85, 0.80, and 0.75, respectively). In the prospective validation set, the AUROC of age-LDH-CD4 model was also significantly higher than that of single CD4 count, LDH, or age (0.92, 0.75, 0.81, and 0.82, respectively). The age-LDH-CD4\u2009\u2265\u200982 has high sensitive (81%) and specific (93%) for the early identification of COVID-19 patients with severe progression tendency. The age-LDH-CD4 model is a simple algorithm for early identifying patients with severe progression tendency following SARS-CoV-2 infection, and warrants further validation."}, {"pmid": 32467561, "pmcid": "PMC7255975", "title": "Immune response in COVID-19: addressing a pharmacological challenge by targeting pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Signal Transduct Target Ther", "authors": ["Catanzaro, Michele", "Fagiani, Francesca", "Racchi, Marco", "Corsini, Emanuela", "Govoni, Stefano", "Lanni, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467561", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, no vaccines or effective drugs have been approved to prevent or treat COVID-19 and the current standard care relies on supportive treatments. Therefore, based on the fast and global spread of the virus, urgent investigations are warranted in order to develop preventive and therapeutic drugs. In this regard, treatments addressing the immunopathology of SARS-CoV-2 infection have become a major focus. Notably, while a rapid and well-coordinated immune response represents the first line of defense against viral infection, excessive inflammatory innate response and impaired adaptive host immune defense may lead to tissue damage both at the site of virus entry and at systemic level. Several studies highlight relevant changes occurring both in innate and adaptive immune system in COVID-19 patients. In particular, the massive cytokine and chemokine release, the so-called \"cytokine storm\", clearly reflects a widespread uncontrolled dysregulation of the host immune defense. Although the prospective of counteracting cytokine storm is compelling, a major limitation relies on the limited understanding of the immune signaling pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infection. The identification of signaling pathways altered during viral infections may help to unravel the most relevant molecular cascades implicated in biological processes mediating viral infections and to unveil key molecular players that may be targeted. Thus, given the key role of the immune system in COVID-19, a deeper understanding of the mechanism behind the immune dysregulation might give us clues for the clinical management of the severe cases and for preventing the transition from mild to severe stages."}, {"pmid": 32350860, "title": "Dose Rationale for Favipiravir Use in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Eloy, Philippine", "Solas, Caroline", "Touret, Franck", "Mentre, France", "Malvy, Denis", "de Lamballerie, Xavier", "Guedj, Jeremie"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350860", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380877, "pmcid": "PMC7218352", "title": "The Consequences of Neoliberalism in the Current Pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Health Serv", "authors": ["Navarro, Vicente"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380877", "countries": ["United States", "Italy", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article analyzes how the neoliberal policies, such as the politics of austerity (with considerable cuts to social policy expenditures including medical care and public health services) and the privatization of health services, imposed by many governments on both sides of the North Atlantic, considerably weakened the capacity of the response to the coronavirus pandemic in Italy, Spain, and the United States."}, {"pmid": 32491976, "title": "School Nurses on the Front Lines of Healthcare: Infectious Diseases Popularized in the News.", "journal": "NASN Sch Nurse", "authors": ["McNickle, Lauren", "Olympia, Robert P"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491976", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "School nurses may deal with students presenting with symptoms associated with infections popularized in the news. Although rare, the implications of missing or misdiagnosing these infections are potentially life-threatening and devastating. We present three students presenting with febrile illnesses associated with neurologic symptoms, a rash, and fatigue, focusing on the initial assessment and management of these students and their associated \"hot topic\" infection. The authors also discuss two public health organizations, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (https://www.cdc.gov/) and the World Health Organization (https://www.who.int/), online references for the school nurse to research both emerging and common infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32344070, "pmcid": "PMC7194643", "title": "Reply: Calm before the storm: Understanding the role of Janus kinase inhibitors in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Peterson, Danielle", "Damsky, William", "King, Brett"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344070", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405101, "pmcid": "PMC7219400", "title": "Incidence of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and elevated D-dimer levels.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Demelo-Rodriguez, P", "Cervilla-Munoz, E", "Ordieres-Ortega, L", "Parra-Virto, A", "Toledano-Macias, M", "Toledo-Samaniego, N", "Garcia-Garcia, A", "Garcia-Fernandez-Bravo, I", "Ji, Z", "de-Miguel-Diez, J", "Alvarez-Sala-Walther, L A", "Del-Toro-Cervera, J", "Galeano-Valle, F"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405101", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) has been reported. Whether COVID-19 increases the risk of VTE in non-ICU wards remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the burden of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in COVID-19 patients with elevated D-dimer levels. In this prospective study consecutive patients hospitalized in non-intensive care units with diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia and D-dimer\u202f>\u202f1000\u202fng/ml were screened for asymptomatic DVT with complete compression doppler ultrasound (CCUS). The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. The study comprised 156 patients (65.4% male). All but three patients received standard doses of thromboprophylaxis. Median days of hospitalization until CCUS was 9 (IQR 5-17). CCUS was positive for DVT in 23 patients (14.7%), of whom only one was proximal DVT. Seven patients (4.5%) had bilateral distal DVT. Patients with DVT had higher median D-dimer levels: 4527 (IQR 1925-9144) ng/ml vs 2050 (IQR 1428-3235) ng/ml; p\u202f<\u202f0.001. D-dimer levels\u202f>\u202f1570\u202fng/ml were associated with asymptomatic DVT (OR 9.1; CI 95% 1.1-70.1). D-dimer showed an acceptable discriminative capacity (area under the ROC curve 0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.84). In patients admitted with COVID-19 pneumonia and elevated D-dimer levels, the incidence of asymptomatic DVT is similar to that described in other series. Higher cut-off levels for D-dimer might be necessary for the diagnosis of DVT in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32435695, "pmcid": "PMC7225094", "title": "Reconstructing and forecasting the COVID-19 epidemic in the United States using a 5-parameter logistic growth model.", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Chen, Ding-Geng", "Chen, Xinguang", "Chen, Jenny K"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435695", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many studies have modeled and predicted the spread of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) in the U.S. using data that begins with the first reported cases. However, the shortage of testing services to detect infected persons makes this approach subject to error due to its underdetection of early cases in the U.S. Our new approach overcomes this limitation and provides data supporting the public policy decisions intended to combat the spread of COVID-19 epidemic. We used Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data documenting the daily new and cumulative cases of confirmed COVID-19 in the U.S. from January 22 to April 6, 2020, and reconstructed the epidemic using a 5-parameter logistic growth model. We fitted our model to data from a 2-week window (i.e., from March 21 to April 4, approximately one incubation period) during which large-scale testing was being conducted. With parameters obtained from this modeling, we reconstructed and predicted the growth of the epidemic and evaluated the extent and potential effects of underdetection. The data fit the model satisfactorily. The estimated daily growth rate was 16.8% overall with 95% CI: [15.95, 17.76%], suggesting a doubling period of 4\u2009days. Based on the modeling result, the tipping point at which new cases will begin to decline will be on April 7th, 2020, with a peak of 32,860 new cases on that day. By the end of the epidemic, at least 792,548 (95% CI: [789,162, 795,934]) will be infected in the U.S. Based on our model, a total of 12,029 cases were not detected between January 22 (when the first case was detected in the U.S.) and April 4. Our findings demonstrate the utility of a 5-parameter logistic growth model with reliable data that comes from a specified period during which governmental interventions were appropriately implemented. Beyond informing public health decision-making, our model adds a tool for more faithfully capturing the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32307691, "title": "Coronavirus - preventing an occupational hazard among doctors.", "journal": "Adv Respir Med", "authors": ["Malhotra, Nipun", "Gupta, Nitesh", "Ish, Pranav"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307691", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419438, "title": "COVID-19: What do we need to know about ICU delirium during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic?", "journal": "Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther", "authors": ["Kotfis, Katarzyna", "Williams Roberson, Shawniqua", "Wilson, Jo", "Pun, Brenda", "Ely, E Wesley", "Jezowska, Ilona", "Jezierska, Maja", "Dabrowski, Wojciech"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419438", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March 2020, the World Health Organisation announced the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. As well as respiratory failure, the SARS-CoV-2 may cause central nervous system (CNS) involvement, including delirium occurring in critically ill patients (ICU delirium). Due attention must be paid to this subject in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Delirium, the detection of which takes less than two minutes, is frequently underestimated during daily routine ICU care, but it may be a prodromal symptom of infection or hypoxia associated with severe respiratory failure. During the COVID-19 pandemic, systematic delirium monitoring using validated tests (CAM-ICU or ICDSC) may be sacrificed. This is likely to be due to the fact that the main emphasis is placed on organisational issues, i.e. the lack of ventilators, setting priorities for limited mechanical ventilation options, and a shortage of personal protective equipment. Early identification of patients with delirium is critical in patients with COVID-19 because the occurrence of delirium may be an early symptom of worsening respiratory failure or of infectious spread to the CNS mediated by potential neuroinvasive mechanisms of the coronavirus. The purpose of this review is to identify problems related to the development of delirium during the COVID-19 epidemic, which are presented in three areas: i) factors contributing to delirium in COVID-19, ii) potential pathophysiological factors of delirium in COVID-19, and iii) long-term consequences of delirium in COVID-19. This article discusses how healthcare workers can reduce the burden of delirium by identifying potential risk factors and difficulties during challenges associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32314345, "pmcid": "PMC7264651", "title": "Response of a tertiary dermatology department to COVID-19.", "journal": "Australas J Dermatol", "authors": ["Der Sarkissian, Samuel", "Tjokrowidjaja, Angelica", "Sebaratnam, Deshan F", "Gupta, Monisha"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314345", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339394, "pmcid": "PMC7267353", "title": "Measuring weight with e-scales in clinical and research settings during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Krukowski, Rebecca A", "Ross, Kathryn M"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339394", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32112886, "pmcid": "PMC7102527", "title": "Characteristics of COVID-19 infection in Beijing.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Tian, Sijia", "Hu, Nan", "Lou, Jing", "Chen, Kun", "Kang, Xuqin", "Xiang, Zhenjun", "Chen, Hui", "Wang, Dali", "Liu, Ning", "Liu, Dong", "Chen, Gang", "Zhang, Yongliang", "Li, Dou", "Li, Jianren", "Lian, Huixin", "Niu, Shengmei", "Zhang, Luxi", "Zhang, Jinjun"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112886", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first case of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection pneumonia was detected in Wuhan, China, a series of confirmed cases of the COVID-19 were found in Beijing. We analyzed the data of 262 confirmed cases to determine the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in Beijing. We collected patients who were transferred by Beijing Emergency Medical Service to the designated hospitals. The information on demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory test for the COVID-19 virus, diagnostic classification, cluster case and outcome were obtained. Furthermore we compared the characteristics between severe and common confirmed cases which including mild cases, no-pneumonia cases and asymptomatic cases, and we also compared the features between COVID-19 and 2003 SARS. By Feb 10, 2020, 262 patients were transferred from the hospitals across Beijing to the designated hospitals for special treatment of the COVID-19 infected by Beijing emergency medical service. Among of 262 patients, 46 (17.6%) were severe cases, 216 (82.4%) were common cases, which including 192 (73.3%) mild cases, 11(4.2%) non-pneumonia cases and 13 (5.0%) asymptomatic cases respectively. The median age of patients was 47.5 years old and 48.5% were male. 192 (73.3%) patients were residents of Beijing, 50 (26.0%) of which had been to Wuhan, 116 (60.4%) had close contact with confirmed cases, 21 (10.9%) had no contact history. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness were fever (82.1%), cough (45.8%), fatigue (26.3%), dyspnea (6.9%) and headache (6.5%). The median incubation period was 6.7 days, the interval time from between illness onset and seeing a doctor was 4.5 days. As of Feb 10, 17.2% patients have discharged and 81.7% patients remain in hospital in our study, the fatality of COVID-19 infection in Beijing was 0.9%. On the basis of this study, we provided the ratio of the COVID-19 infection on the severe cases to the mild, asymptomatic and non-pneumonia cases in Beijing. Population was generally susceptible, and with a relatively low fatality rate. The measures to prevent transmission was very successful at early stage, the next steps on the COVID-19 infection should be focused on early isolation of patients and quarantine for close contacts in families and communities in Beijing. Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission and Ministry of Science and Technology."}, {"pmid": 32228736, "pmcid": "PMC7156582", "title": "Heart University: a new online educational forum in paediatric and adult congenital cardiac care. The future of virtual learning in a post-pandemic world?", "journal": "Cardiol Young", "authors": ["Tretter, Justin T", "Windram, Jonathan", "Faulkner, Theresa", "Hudgens, Michelle", "Sendzikaite, Skaiste", "Blom, Nico A", "Hanseus, Katarina", "Loomba, Rohit S", "McMahon, Colin J", "Zheleva, Bistra", "Kumar, Raman Krishna", "Jacobs, Jeffrey P", "Oechslin, Erwin N", "Webb, Gary D", "Redington, Andrew N"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228736", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Online learning has become an increasingly expected and popular component for education of the modern-day adult learner, including the medical provider. In light of the recent coronavirus pandemic, there has never been more urgency to establish opportunities for supplemental online learning. Heart University aims to be \"the go-to online resource\" for e-learning in CHD and paediatric-acquired heart disease. It is a carefully curated open access library of paedagogical material for all providers of care to children and adults with CHD or children with acquired heart disease, whether a trainee or a practising provider. In this manuscript, we review the aims, development, current offerings and standing, and future goals of Heart University."}, {"pmid": 32401611, "pmcid": "PMC7232879", "title": "The pulmonary-proteoliposome as a new therapeutic approach for Coronaviruses.", "journal": "Hum Vaccin Immunother", "authors": ["Feliciello, Isidoro", "Procino, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401611", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are proposing\u00c2\u00a0the use of pulmonary-proteoliposome as a new therapeutic approach for Coronaviruses. The designed strategy represents a potential treatment to reduce the overall viral load in the lungs and to help the immune system to successfully stave off the infection."}, {"pmid": 32464293, "pmcid": "PMC7247981", "title": "Mobile phones: a forgotten source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Ibrahim, Tony", "Chamseddine, Ali N", "Baz, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464293", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374440, "pmcid": "PMC7267615", "title": "AGS Position Statement: Resource Allocation Strategies and Age-Related Considerations in the COVID-19 Era and Beyond.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Farrell, Timothy W", "Ferrante, Lauren E", "Brown, Teneille", "Francis, Leslie", "Widera, Eric", "Rhodes, Ramona", "Rosen, Tony", "Hwang, Ula", "Witt, Leah J", "Thothala, Niranjan", "Liu, Shan W", "Vitale, Caroline A", "Braun, Ursula K", "Stephens, Caroline", "Saliba, Debra"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374440", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 continues to impact older adults disproportionately, from severe illness and hospitalization to increased mortality risk. Concurrently, concerns about potential shortages of healthcare professionals and health supplies to address these needs have focused attention on how resources are ultimately allocated and used. Some strategies misguidedly use age as an arbitrary criterion, which inappropriately disfavors older adults. This statement represents the official policy position of the American Geriatrics Society (AGS). It is intended to inform stakeholders including hospitals, health systems, and policymakers about ethical considerations to consider when developing strategies for allocating scarce resources during an emergency involving older adults. Members of the AGS Ethics Committee collaborated with interprofessional experts in ethics, law, nursing, and medicine (including geriatrics, palliative care, emergency medicine, and pulmonology/critical care) to conduct a structured literature review and examine relevant reports. The resulting recommendations defend a particular view of distributive justice that maximizes relevant clinical factors and de-emphasizes or eliminates factors placing arbitrary, disproportionate weight on advanced age. The AGS positions include: (1) avoiding age per se as a means for excluding anyone from care; (2) assessing comorbidities and considering the disparate impact of social determinants of health; (3) encouraging decision makers to focus primarily on potential short-term (not long-term) outcomes; (4) avoiding ancillary criteria such as \"life-years saved\" and \"long-term predicted life expectancy\" that might disadvantage older people; (5) forming and staffing triage committees tasked with allocating scarce resources; (6) developing institutional resource allocation strategies that are transparent and applied uniformly; and (7) facilitating appropriate advance care planning. The statement includes recommendations that should be immediately implemented to address resource allocation strategies during COVID-19, aligning with AGS positions. The statement also includes recommendations for post-pandemic review. Such review would support revised strategies to ensure that governments and institutions have equitable emergency resource allocation strategies, avoid future discriminatory language and practice, and have appropriate guidance to develop national frameworks for emergent resource allocation decisions."}, {"pmid": 32408041, "pmcid": "PMC7207165", "title": "The dark cloud with a silver lining: Assessing the impact of the SARS COVID-19 pandemic on the global environment.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Lal, Preet", "Kumar, Amit", "Kumar, Shubham", "Kumari, Sheetal", "Saikia, Purabi", "Dayanandan, Arun", "Adhikari, Dibyendu", "Khan, M L"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408041", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by a novel coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2 has caused tremendous suffering and huge economic losses. We hypothesized that extreme measures of partial-to-total shutdown might have influenced the quality of the global environment because of decreased emissions of atmospheric pollutants. We tested this hypothesis using satellite imagery, climatic datasets (temperature, and absolute humidity), and COVID-19 cases available in the public domain. While the majority of the cases were recorded from Western countries, where mortality rates were strongly positively correlated with age, the number of cases in tropical regions was relatively lower than European and North American regions, possibly attributed to faster human-to-human transmission. There was a substantial reduction in the level of nitrogen dioxide (NO2: 0.00002\u00a0mol\u00a0m-2), a low reduction in CO (<0.03\u00a0mol\u00a0m-2), and a low-to-moderate reduction in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD: ~0.1-0.2) in the major hotspots of COVID-19 outbreak during February-March 2020, which may be attributed to the mass lockdowns. Our study projects an increasing coverage of high COVID-19 hazard at absolute humidity levels ranging from 4 to 9\u00a0g\u00a0m-3 across a large part of the globe during April-July 2020 due to a high prospective meteorological suitability for COVID-19 spread. Our findings suggest that there is ample scope for restoring the global environment from the ill-effects of anthropogenic activities through temporary shutdown measures."}, {"pmid": 32350596, "pmcid": "PMC7190281", "title": "The autopsy debate during the COVID-19 emergency: the Italian experience.", "journal": "Virchows Arch", "authors": ["Sapino, Anna", "Facchetti, Fabio", "Bonoldi, Emanuela", "Gianatti, Andrea", "Barbareschi, Mattia"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350596", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419705, "pmcid": "PMC7225690", "title": "COVID-19: COMO TRANSFORMAR UN VENTILADOR DE NO INVASIVA EN UN VENTILADOR DE CRITICOS.", "journal": "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim", "authors": ["Tusman, Gerardo", "Campos, Marcelo", "Gogniat, Emiliano"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419705", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic caused not only many deaths around the world but also made evident technical limitations of hospital and intensive care units (ICU). The growing demand of ICU ventilators in a short lapse of time constitutes one of the main community concerns. The main goal of this communication is to give simple solutions to transform a noninvasive ventilator in an invasive one for intubated patients. The proposal can be applied in two well defined strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic: To replace anesthesia workstations, leaving those machines to be used in patients. To apply this option in COVID-19 patients by way of a therapeutic \"bridge\", waiting for the release of a ventilator in the ICU."}, {"pmid": 32371558, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine use in the COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Littlejohn, Emily"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371558", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has multiple potential antiviral mechanisms of action that differ according to the pathogen studied (eg, Chikungunya, Dengue virus, human immunodeficiency virus, poliovirus, Zika virus). Data on HCQ for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are rapidly evolving. To date there is no evidence from randomized controlled trials that any single therapy improves outcomes in patients infected with COVID-19. There are also no clinical trial data supporting prophylactic HCQ therapy in COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) use in patients with COVID-19 is being investigated examining prophylaxis, postexposure prophylaxis, and treatment regimens."}, {"pmid": 32530879, "title": "Feasibility of coronavirus disease 2019 eradication.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Zheng, Ya-Li", "He, Yu-Kun", "Ma, Xin-Qian", "Gao, Zhan-Cheng"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530879", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430141, "pmcid": "PMC7211632", "title": "[Gynecologic surgery in the era of COVID-19 - Recommendations for deconfinement].", "journal": "Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol", "authors": ["Canis, M", "Descamps, P", "Dubernard, G", "Estrade, J-P", "Mourtialon, P", "Fernandez, H"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430141", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439750, "title": "How the erosion of our public health system hobbled England's covid-19 response.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Vize, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439750", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389331, "pmcid": "PMC7186124", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on medical student surgical education: Implementing extreme pandemic response measures in a widely distributed surgical clerkship experience.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Calhoun, Kristine E", "Yale, Laura A", "Whipple, Mark E", "Allen, Suzanne M", "Wood, Douglas E", "Tatum, Roger P"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389331", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420952, "title": "The death rate for COVID-19 is positively associated with gross domestic products.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Henry, Brandon M", "Mattiuzzi, Camilla", "Bovo, Chiara"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420952", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "N/A - Letter to the Editor."}, {"pmid": 32315800, "pmcid": "PMC7165266", "title": "A model for a ventilator-weaning and early rehabilitation unit to deal with post-ICU impairments with severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Levy, Jonathan", "Leotard, Antoine", "Lawrence, Christine", "Paquereau, Julie", "Bensmail, Djamel", "Annane, Djillali", "Delord, Vincent", "Lofaso, Frederic", "Bessis, Simon", "Prigent, Helene"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315800", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490723, "title": "Development of a TaqMan-probe-based multiplex real-time PCR for the simultaneous detection of emerging and reemerging swine coronaviruses.", "journal": "Virulence", "authors": ["Pan, Zhongzhou", "Lu, Jiaxuan", "Wang, Ningning", "He, Wan-Ting", "Zhang, Letian", "Zhao, Wen", "Su, Shuo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490723", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the outbreak of the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019, coronaviruses have become a global research hotspot in the field of virology. Coronaviruses mainly cause respiratory and digestive tract diseases, several coronaviruses are responsible for porcine diarrhea, such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and emerging swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). Those viruses have caused huge economic losses and are considered as potential public health threats. Porcine torovirus (PToV) and coronaviruses, sharing similar genomic structure and replication strategy, belong to the same order Nidovirales. Here, we developed a multiplex TaqMan-probe-based real-time PCR for the simultaneous detection of PEDV, PDCoV, PToV, and SADS-CoV for the first time. Specific primers and TaqMan fluorescent probes were designed targeting the ORF1a region of PDEV, PToV, and SADS-CoV and the ORF1b region of PDCoV. The method showed high sensitivity and specificity, with a detection limit of 1\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0102 copies/\u03bcL for each pathogen. A total of 101 clinical swine samples with signs of diarrhea were analyzed using this method, and the result showed good consistency with conventional reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). This method improves the efficiency for surveillance of these emerging and reemerging swine enteric viruses and can help reduce economic losses to the pig industry, which also benefits animal and public health."}, {"pmid": 32522513, "title": "Special Ambulatory Gynecologic Considerations in the Era of COVID-19 and Implications for Future Practice.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Cohen, Megan A", "Powell, Anna M", "Coleman, Jenell S", "Keller, Jean M", "Livingston, Alison", "Anderson, Jean R"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522513", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has altered medical practice in unprecedented ways. While much of the emphasis in obstetrics and gynecology to date has been on the as yet uncertain impacts of COVID-19 in pregnancy and on changes to surgical management, the pandemic has broad implications for ambulatory gynecologic care as well. In this article we review important ambulatory gynecologic topics including safety and metal health, reproductive life planning, sexually transmitted infections, and routine screening for breast and cervical cancer. For each topic, we review how care may be modified during the pandemic, provide recommendations when possible for how to ensure continued access to comprehensive healthcare at this time, and discuss ways that future practice may change. Social distancing requirements may place patients at higher risk for intimate partner violence and mental health concerns; threaten continued access to contraception and abortion services; impact prepregnancy planning; interrupt routine screening for breast and cervical cancer; increase risk of sexually-transmitted infection acquisition and decrease access to treatment; and exacerbate already underlying racial and minority disparities in care and health outcomes. We advocate for increased use of telemedicine services with increased screening for intimate partner violence and depression using validated questionnaires. Appointments for long-acting contraceptive insertion can be prioritized. Easier access to patient-controlled injectable contraception and pharmacist-provided hormonal contraception can be facilitated. Reproductive healthcare access can be ensured through reducing needs for ultrasound and laboratory testing for certain eligible patients desiring abortion and conducting phone follow-up for medication abortions. Priority for in-person appointments should be given to patients with sexually-transmitted infection symptoms, particularly if at risk for complications, while also offering expedited partner therapy. While routine mammography screening and cervical cancer screening may be safely delayed, we discuss society guideline recommendations for higher-risk populations. There may be an increasing role for patient-collected human papilloma virus self-samples using new cervical cancer screening guidelines that can be expanded in light of the pandemic situation. While the pandemic has strained our healthcare system, it also affords ambulatory clinicians with opportunities to expand care to vulnerable populations in ways that were previously underutilized to attempt to improve health equity."}, {"pmid": 32471639, "pmcid": "PMC7156952", "title": "Collapsing glomerulopathy in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Kissling, Sebastien", "Rotman, Samuel", "Gerber, Christel", "Halfon, Matthieu", "Lamoth, Frederic", "Comte, Denis", "Lhopitallier, Loic", "Sadallah, Salima", "Fakhouri, Fadi"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471639", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199073, "pmcid": "PMC7138170", "title": "COVID-19 battle during the toughest sanctions against Iran.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Takian, Amirhossein", "Raoofi, Azam", "Kazempour-Ardebili, Sara"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199073", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32228309, "pmcid": "PMC7243667", "title": "Guidance for Cardiac Electrophysiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic from the Heart Rhythm Society COVID-19 Task Force; Electrophysiology Section of the American College of Cardiology; and the Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, American Heart Association.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Lakkireddy, Dhanunjaya R", "Chung, Mina K", "Gopinathannair, Rakesh", "Patton, Kristen K", "Gluckman, Ty J", "Turagam, Mohit", "Cheung, Jim", "Patel, Parin", "Sotomonte, Juan", "Lampert, Rachel", "Han, Janet K", "Rajagopalan, Bharath", "Eckhardt, Lee", "Joglar, Jose", "Sandau, Kristin", "Olshansky, Brian", "Wan, Elaine", "Noseworthy, Peter A", "Leal, Miguel", "Kaufman, Elizabeth", "Gutierrez, Alejandra", "Marine, Joseph E", "Wang, Paul J", "Russo, Andrea M"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32228309", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that is wreaking havoc on the health and economy of much of human civilization. Electrophysiologists have been impacted personally and professionally by this global catastrophe. In this joint article from representatives of the Heart Rhythm Society, the American College of Cardiology, and the American Heart Association, we identify the potential risks of exposure to patients, allied healthcare staff, industry representatives, and hospital administrators. We also describe the impact of COVID-19 on cardiac arrhythmias and methods of triage based on acuity and patient comorbidities. We provide guidance for managing invasive and noninvasive electrophysiology procedures, clinic visits, and cardiac device interrogations. In addition, we discuss resource conservation and the role of telemedicine in remote patient care along with management strategies for affected patients."}, {"pmid": 32196406, "title": "COVID-19 (Coronavirus).", "journal": "Lymphat Res Biol", "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196406", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This strain of coronavirus is a new one and scientists do not yet know all there is to know about it. While these common sense points will always be helpful, it is important that you keep up to date with the advice being given by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and NHS England and how it might affect you personally. These suggestions have been produced using the most up-to-date advice available to us from our Scientific and Medical Advisors and are not intended to replace or supersede advice you may have been given from your health care professional."}, {"pmid": 32435816, "title": "To Interpret the SARS-CoV-2 Test, Consider the Cycle Threshold Value.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tom, Michael R", "Mina, Michael J"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435816", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361325, "pmcid": "PMC7194790", "title": "COVID-19 in Vietnam: A lesson of pre-preparation.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Quach, Ha-Linh", "Hoang, Ngoc-Anh"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361325", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Vietnam was slowing the spread of COVID-19 to 200 cases by the end of March. From perspective of a relatively vulnerable healthcare systems, timely interventions were implemented to different stage of pandemic progress to limit the spread. The authors compiled literature on different public health measures in Vietnam in compared to the progression of COVID-19 from January to March 2020. Three stages of pandemic progression of COVID-19 were recorded in Vietnam. At 213 confirmed cases under treatment and isolation, a range of interventions were enforced including intensive and expansive contact, mass testing, isolation, and sterilization. Many were in place before any case were reported. Preparation were key for Vietnam's healthcare system in the ever-changing landscape of COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32517815, "title": "COVID-19 and the re-opening of schools: a policy maker's dilemma.", "journal": "Ital J Pediatr", "authors": ["Fantini, Maria Pia", "Reno, Chiara", "Biserni, Giovanni Battista", "Savoia, Elena", "Lanari, Marcello"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517815", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and rapidly spread across the world. In order to counter this epidemic, several countries put in place different restrictive measures, such as the school's closure and a total lockdown. However, as the knowledge on the disease progresses, clinical evidence showed that children mainly have asymptomatic or mild disease and it has been suggested that they are also less likely to spread the virus. Moreover, the lockdown and the school closure could have negative consequences on children, affecting their social life, their education and their mental health. As many countries have already entered or are planning a phase of gradual lifting of the containment measures of social distancing, it seems plausible that the re-opening of nursery schools and primary schools could be considered a policy to be implemented at an early stage of recovery efforts, putting in place measures to do it safely, such as the maintenance of social distance, the reorganisation of classes into smaller groups, the provision of adequate sanitization of spaces, furniture and toys, the prompt identification of cases in the school environment and their tracing. Therefore, policy makers have the task of balancing pros and cons of the school re-opening strategy, taking into account psychological, educational and social consequences for children and their families. Another issue to be considered is represented by socio-economic disparities and inequalities which could be amplified by school's closure."}, {"pmid": 32372726, "pmcid": "PMC7231659", "title": "One-house one-person testing: Strategical plan to limit COVID-19 spread in stage three in the developing world.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Ali, Sheikh Muhammad Ebad"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372726", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294763, "title": "[Responsibilities of Weaning Centers during the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak - Recommendations for the Assignment of ICU Capacities in COVID-19 Patients as shown by the Berlin-Brandenburg POST-SAVE-Model].", "journal": "Pneumologie", "authors": ["Wiesner, B", "Bachmann, M", "Blum, T-G", "Forchheim, S", "Geiseler, J", "Kassin, A", "Kretzschmar, E", "Weber-Carstens, S", "Westhoff, M", "Witzenrath, M", "Grohe, C"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294763", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The enormous increase in patients with severe respiratory distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak requires a systematic approach to optimize ventilated patient at risk flow. A standardised algorithm called \"SAVE\" was developed to distribute patients with COVID-19 respiratory distress syndrome requiring invasive ventilation. This program is established by now in Berlin. An instrumental bottleneck of this approach is the vacant slot assignment in the intensive care unit to guarantee constant patient flow. The transfer of the patients after acute care treatment is needed urgently to facilitate the weaning process. In a next step we developed a triage algorithm to identify patients at SAVE intensive care units with potential to wean and transfer to weaning institutions\u200a-\u200awe called POST SAVE. This manuscript highlights the algorithms including the use of a standardised digital evaluation tool, the use of trained navigators to facilitate the communication between SAVE intensive care units and weaning institutions and the establishment of a prospective data registry for patient assignment and reevaluation of the weaning potential in the future."}, {"pmid": 32405454, "pmcid": "PMC7219375", "title": "Acute kidney injury in pregnant women following SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report from Iran.", "journal": "Respir Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Taghizadieh, Ali", "Mikaeili, Haleh", "Ahmadi, Majid", "Valizadeh, Hamed"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405454", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We reported a 33-year-old female case with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) accompanied by Acute tubular necrosis (ATN). She had a gestational age of 34 weeks. The patient referred to treatment clinic for COVID-19 in Imam Reza hospital of Tabriz (Iran) after having flu-like symptoms. In radiologic assessment, ground glass opacity (GGO) with consolidation was found in upper right lobe. Lopinavir/ritonavir (200mg/50mg) two tablet tow times, Ribavirin 200mg every six hours, and Oseltamivir 75mg tow times were given for the treatment of COVID-19. The medications used for treatment of pneumonia were Meropenem, Ciprofloxacin, Vancomycin. All doses of medications were administrated by adjusted dose assuming the patient is anephric. Also, a few supplements were also given after ATN development including daily Rocaltrol and Nephrovit (as a multivitamin appropriate for patients with renal failure), Folic acid and Calcium carbonate. The patient is still under ventilator with a Fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) of 60% and Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of eight. SpO2 is 94% but the patient's ATN problem has been resolved. We started weaning from mechanical ventilator. The patient is conscious with full awareness to time, person and place. The maternal well-being is achieved and her neonate was discharged."}, {"pmid": 32382684, "pmcid": "PMC7202807", "title": "The mutual effects of COVID-19 and obesity.", "journal": "Obes Med", "authors": ["Abbas, Ahmed M", "Fathy, Safaa K", "Fawzy, Andro T", "Salem, Amera S", "Shawky, Mario S"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382684", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022The rate of obesity was increased during this era of the COVID-19 epidemic.\u2022Obesity is dangerous in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32347682, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on patients with spine disease in Friuli Venezia Giulia.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Sci", "authors": ["Rispoli, Rossella", "Giorgiutti, Fabrizia", "Egidi, Leonardo", "Cappelletto, Barbara"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347682", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504680, "pmcid": "PMC7270823", "title": "Surgical precautions for Urologists in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Chan, Ming-Chun", "Kwok, Jia-Lun", "Yeo, Sharon E K", "Chong, Yew-Lam"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504680", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422569, "pmcid": "PMC7227504", "title": "Preparedness of European diagnostic microbiology labs for detection of SARS-CoV-2, March 2020.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Matheeussen, Veerle", "Loens, Katherine", "Lammens, Christine", "Vilken, Tuba", "Koopmans, Marion", "Goossens, Herman", "Ieven, Margareta"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422569", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To track the European spread of SARS-CoV-2, decentralized testing became necessary and test capacity needed to be expanded outside reference laboratories rapidly. We assessed via an online questionnaire the preparedness of European hospital laboratories for detection of SARS-CoV-2 and listed the main drawbacks for implementation. Forty-five percent of the surveyed labs had a test in place by March 26th which is well into the first wave of the pandemic in most countries. The main implementation barriers for introduction of a SARSCoV-2 molecular assay in European diagnostic laboratories were availability of positive controls and a specificity panel."}, {"pmid": 32519529, "title": "Impact on rehabilitation programs during Covid-19 containment for children with pediatric and perinatal stroke.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Bertamino, Marta", "Cornaglia, Sara", "Zanetti, Alice", "Di Rocco, Alessia", "Ronchetti, Anna", "Signa, Sara", "Severino, Mariasavina", "Moretti, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519529", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372802, "pmcid": "PMC7194623", "title": "How do we leave lockdown?", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Lawton, Graham"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372802", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With more than a third of the world living under covid-19 restrictions, it is time to decide what happens next, reports Graham Lawton."}, {"pmid": 32501308, "pmcid": "PMC7247497", "title": "Marketing innovations during a global crisis: A study of China firms' response to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Bus Res", "authors": ["Wang, Yonggui", "Hong, Aoran", "Li, Xia", "Gao, Jia"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501308", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a worldwide disaster, the COVID-19 crisis is profoundly affecting the development of the global economy and threatening the survival of firms worldwide. It seems unavoidable that this natural disruption has hit the global economy and produced a huge crisis for firms. This study explores how firms in China are innovating their marketing strategies by critically identifying the typology of firms' marketing innovations using two dimensions, namely, motivation for innovations and the level of collaborative innovations. This research also explores the influence of the external environment, internal advantages (e.g., dynamic capabilities and resource dependence), and characteristics of firms on Chinese firms' choice and implementation of marketing innovation strategies. It provides valuable insights for firms to respond successfully to similar crisis events in the future."}, {"pmid": 32490798, "title": "Reducing the Risk of Diagnostic Error in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Gandhi, Tejal K", "Singh, Hardeep"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490798", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32026147, "pmcid": "PMC7091265", "title": "Diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: a pressing issue.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Shen, Kun-Ling", "Yang, Yong-Hong"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32026147", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333494, "pmcid": "PMC7267367", "title": "Racial Variations in COVID-19 Deaths May Be Due to Androgen Receptor Genetic Variants Associated with Prostate Cancer and Androgenetic Alopecia. Are Anti-Androgens a Potential Treatment for COVID-19?", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["McCoy, John", "Wambier, Carlos G", "Vano-Galvan, Sergio", "Shapiro, Jerry", "Sinclair, Rodney", "Muller Ramos, Paulo", "Washenik, Kenneth", "Andrade, Murilo", "Herrera, Sabina", "Goren, Andy"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333494", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278362, "pmcid": "PMC7158940", "title": "Trials of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy for COVID-19 are urgently needed.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Feldmann, Marc", "Maini, Ravinder N", "Woody, James N", "Holgate, Stephen T", "Winter, Gregory", "Rowland, Matthew", "Richards, Duncan", "Hussell, Tracy"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278362", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366720, "title": "Identification of antiviral drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2 from FDA-approved drugs.", "journal": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "authors": ["Jeon, Sangeun", "Ko, Meehyun", "Lee, Jihye", "Choi, Inhee", "Byun, Soo Young", "Park, Soonju", "Shum, David", "Kim, Seungtaek"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366720", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Drug repositioning is the only feasible option to address the COVID-19 global challenge immediately. We screened a panel of 48 FDA-approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 which were pre-selected by an assay of SARS-CoV and identified 24 potential antiviral drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some drug candidates showed very low micromolar IC50s and in particular, two FDA-approved drugs - niclosamide and ciclesonide - were notable in some respects."}, {"pmid": 32385978, "title": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: telemedicine in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Fatyga, Edyta", "Dziegielewska-Gesiak, Sylwia", "Wierzgon, Aleksander", "Stoltny, Dorota", "Muc-Wierzgon, Malgorzata"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385978", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320359, "title": "The Prevalence, Characteristics, and Prevention Status of Skin Injury Caused by Personal Protective Equipment Among Medical Staff in Fighting COVID-19: A Multicenter, Cross-Sectional Study.", "journal": "Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle)", "authors": ["Jiang, Qixia", "Song, Siping", "Zhou, Jihong", "Liu, Yuxiu", "Chen, Aihua", "Bai, Yuxuan", "Wang, Jing", "Jiang, Zhixia", "Zhang, Yanhong", "Liu, Haiying", "Hua, Jiao", "Guo, Jinli", "Han, Qiuying", "Tang, Yongli", "Xue, Jiayu"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320359", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and preventive status of skin injuries caused by personal protective equipment (PPE) in medical staff. Approach: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online for understanding skin injuries among medical staff fighting COVID-19 in February 8-22, 2020. Participants voluntarily answered and submitted the questionnaire with cell phone. The questionnaire items included demographic data, grade of PPE and daily wearing time, skin injury types, anatomical sites, and preventive measures. Univariable analyses and logistic regression analyses were used to explore the risk factors associated with skin injuries. Results: A total of 4,308 respondents were collected from 161 hospitals and 4,306 respondents were valid. The overall prevalence of skin injuries was 42.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 41.30-44.30) with three types of device-related pressure injuries, moist-associated skin damage, and skin tear. Co-skin injuries and multiple location injuries were 27.4% and 76.8%, respectively. The logistic regression analysis indicated that sweating (95% CI for odds ratio [OR] 87.52-163.11), daily wearing time (95% CI for OR 1.61-3.21), male (95% CI for OR 1.11-2.13), and grade 3 PPE (95% CI for OR 1.08-2.01) were associated with skin injuries. Only 17.7% of respondents took prevention and 45.0% of skin injuries were treated. Innovation: This is the first cross-sectional survey to understand skin injuries in medical staff caused by PPE, which is expected to be a benchmark. Conclusion: The skin injuries among medical staff are serious, with insufficient prevention and treatment. A comprehensive program should be taken in the future."}, {"pmid": 32429679, "pmcid": "PMC7240311", "title": "Progress of COVID-19 Epidemic in Pakistan.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Public Health", "authors": ["Abid, Khadijah", "Bari, Yashfika Abdul", "Younas, Maryam", "Tahir Javaid, Sehar", "Imran, Abira"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429679", "countries": ["China", "Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of corona virus initiated as pneumonia of unknown cause in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, which has been now spreading rapidly out of Wuhan to other countries. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus outbreak as the sixth public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), and on March 11, 2020, the WHO announced coronavirus as pandemic. Coronavirus is thought to be increasing in Pakistan. The first case of coronavirus was reported from Karachi on February 26, 2020, with estimated populace of Pakistan as 204.65 million. Successively, the virus spreads into various regions nationwide and has currently become an epidemic. The WHO has warned Pakistan that the country could encounter great challenge against the outbreak of coronavirus in the coming days. This short communication is conducted to shed light on the epidemic of coronavirus in the country. It would aid in emphasizing the up-to-date situation in a nutshell and the measures taken by the health sector of Pakistan to abate the risk of communication."}, {"pmid": 32366190, "title": "Intersectionality as a lens to the COVID-19 pandemic: implications for sexual and reproductive health in development and humanitarian contexts.", "journal": "Sex Reprod Health Matters", "authors": ["Lokot, Michelle", "Avakyan, Yeva"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366190", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387342, "pmcid": "PMC7199686", "title": "Letter to editor: Severe brain haemorrhage and concomitant COVID-19 Infection: A neurovascular complication of COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Muhammad, Sajjad", "Petridis, Athanasios", "Cornelius, Jan Frederick", "Hanggi, Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387342", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306210, "pmcid": "PMC7166200", "title": "Adapting to a novel disruptive threat: Nuclear Cardiology Service in the time of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak 2020 (SARS REBOOT).", "journal": "J Nucl Cardiol", "authors": ["Loke, Kelvin S H", "Tham, Wei Ying", "Bharadwaj, Pushan", "Keng, Felix Y J", "Huang, Zijuan", "Idu, Muhammad Bin", "Wong, Yen Ming", "Tan, Paul Kia Siong", "Zaheer, Sumbul", "Khor, Yiu Ming", "Ng, David Chee Eng", "Wong, Wai Yin", "Tong, Aaron Kian-Ti"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306210", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298645, "pmcid": "PMC7151249", "title": "Neonatal COVID-19: little evidence and the need for more information.", "journal": "J Pediatr (Rio J)", "authors": ["Procianoy, Renato Soibelmann", "Silveira, Rita C", "Manzoni, Paolo", "Sant'Anna, Guilherme"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298645", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32164830, "pmcid": "PMC7128610", "title": "COVID-19 with spontaneous pneumomediastinum.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhou, Changyu", "Gao, Chen", "Xie, Yuanliang", "Xu, Maosheng"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32164830", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472601, "title": "Asymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and implications for mass gatherings.", "journal": "Influenza Other Respir Viruses", "authors": ["Wong, Justin", "Jamaludin, Sirajul Adli", "Alikhan, Mohammad Fathi", "Chaw, Liling"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472601", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395423, "pmcid": "PMC7211620", "title": "Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis complicating COVID-19 in the ICU - A case report.", "journal": "Med Mycol Case Rep", "authors": ["Prattes, Juergen", "Valentin, Thomas", "Hoenigl, Martin", "Talakic, Emina", "Reisinger, Alexander C", "Eller, Philipp"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395423", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is not yet known, if critically ill COVID-19 patients are prone to fungal infections. We report a 69-year-old patient without typical risk factors for invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), who developed IPA two weeks after onset of symptoms. Our report shows that IPA may occur in critically ill COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32483487, "pmcid": "PMC7245222", "title": "Orthopedic healthcare in the time of COVID-19: Experience of the orthopedic surgery department at Mustapha Bacha Hospital, Algeria.", "journal": "Ann Med Surg (Lond)", "authors": ["Meraghni, Nadhir", "Benkaidali, Riad", "Derradji, Mohamed", "Kara, Zoubir"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483487", "countries": ["Algeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the global health emergency, which has been raised to its highest level as a consequence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), urgent and aggressive actions were taken by health institutions across the world to stop the spread of the disease while ensuring continuity of vital care. This article outlines the urgent measures put in place by the orthopedic surgery department at Mustapha Bacha Hospital in response to the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32394842, "title": "Epidemiological Features of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in China.", "journal": "Curr Top Med Chem", "authors": ["Qi, Zhang", "Yu, Yu"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394842", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The fast-growing outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which originated from Wuhan locating in central China at the end of 2019, spread to multiple cities in merely a month. Although the mortality of this disease was lower than that of SARS, the incredible contagiousness was much higher than SRAS-CoV. Because of the tremendous clout of 2019-nCoV, it is essential to hold more details about it and monitor its future evolution. This mini review consequently summarizes the key elements of epidemiology features, providing updated relevant findings and novel insights related to 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32479911, "pmcid": "PMC7256557", "title": "COVID-19-associated encephalitis mimicking glial tumor: a case report.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Efe, Ibrahim Efecan", "Aydin, Orhun Utku", "Alabulut, Alper", "Celik, Ozgur", "Aydin, Kerameddin"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479911", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reports on neurologic manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have attracted broad attention. We present an unusual case of COVID-19-associated encephalitis mimicking a glial tumor. A 35-year-old woman presented with headache and seizures. T2 fluid-attenuated inverse recovery imaging showed hyperintensities in the left temporal lobe. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed an elevated choline peak. Imaging findings were suggestive of high-grade glioma. Antiepileptic medication failed to achieve seizure control. A left anterior temporal lobectomy was performed. The patient had no postoperative deficits, and her symptoms completely improved. Histologic examination revealed encephalitis. Postoperatively, our patient tested positive for COVID-19. Our case raises awareness of neurologic manifestations of the disease and their potential to mimic glial tumors. For prompt diagnosis and prevention of transmission, clinicians should consider COVID-19 in patients with similar presentation."}, {"pmid": 32531024, "title": "Fulminant COVID-19-related myocarditis in an infant.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Kesici, Selman", "Aykan, Hayrettin Hakan", "Orhan, Diclehan", "Bayrakci, Benan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531024", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474929, "title": "Rapid publishing in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Lee, Adrian Ys", "Lin, Ming-Wei"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474929", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510901, "title": "SARS-COV-2 and Male Reproductive Health.", "journal": "JBRA Assist Reprod", "authors": ["Fraietta, Renato", "Pasqualotto, Fabio Firmbach", "Roque, Matheus", "Taitson, Paulo Franco"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510901", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Critical challenges for the public and private health, research, and medical communities have been posed by the COVID-19 outbreak. Some of these challenges are related to the possible adverse effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male reproductive health, and whether other potential modes of transmission may occur, such as sexual transmission. Moreover, concerns have been raised in terms of whether the COVID-19 outbreak may have an impact on fertility worldwide. In this study, we will discuss the origins of SARS-CoV-2. We will further describe its mechanism of action, diagnosis, symptoms, and potential effects on the male reproductive system."}, {"pmid": 32370983, "pmcid": "PMC7174176", "title": "[Psychopathological consequences of confinement].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Mengin, A", "Alle, M C", "Rolling, J", "Ligier, F", "Schroder, C", "Lalanne, L", "Berna, F", "Jardri, R", "Vaiva, G", "Geoffroy, P A", "Brunault, P", "Thibaut, F", "Chevance, A", "Giersch, A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370983", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The psychological effects of isolation have already been described in the literature (polar expeditions, submarines, prison). Nevertheless, the scale of confinement implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented. In addition to reviewing the published studies, we need to anticipate the psychological problems that could arise during or at a distance from confinement. We have gone beyond the COVID-19 literature in order to examine the implications of the known consequences of confinement, like boredom, social isolation, stress, or sleep deprivation. Anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, suicidal or addictive behaviours, domestic violence are described effects of confinement, but the mechanisms of emergence of these disorders and their interrelationships remain to be studied. For example, what are the mechanisms of emergence of post-traumatic stress disorders in the context of confinement? We also remind the reader of points of vigilance to be kept in mind with regard to eating disorders and hallucinations. Hallucinations are curiously ignored in the literature on confinement, whereas a vast literature links social isolation and hallucinations. Due to the broad psychopathological consequences, we have to look for these various symptoms to manage them. We quickly summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches already in place, such as telemedicine, which is undergoing rapid development during the COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32517463, "title": "Impact of Spanish Public Health Measures on Emergency Visits and COVID- 19 diagnosed cases during the pandemic in Madrid.", "journal": "Rev Esp Quimioter", "authors": ["Martin-Sanchez, F J", "Valls Carbo, A", "Lopez Picado, A", "Martinez-Valero, C", "Miranda, J D", "Leal Pozuleo, J M", "Gonzalez Del Castillo, J"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517463", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Changes in Public Health recommendations may have changed the number of emergency visits and COVID-19 diagnosed cases in an Emergency Department in Madrid. This retrospective case series study included all consecutive patients in a tertiary and urban ED in Madrid from 1st to 31st March. The sample was divided: NonCOVID-19, Non-investigated COVID-19, Possible COVID-19, Probable COVID-19, Confirmed COVID-19. Differences between public health periods were tested by ANOVA for each cohort, and by ANCOVA including the number of PCR tests (%) as covariate. A total of 7,163 (4,071 Non-COVID-19, 563 Non-investigated COVID-19, 870 Possible, 648 Probable and 1,011 Confirmed COVID-19) cases were included. Public Health measurements applied during each period showed a clear effect on the case proportion for the five cohorts. The variability of case definitions and diagnostic test criteria may have impact on the number of emergency visits and COVID-19 diagnosed cases in Emergency Department."}, {"pmid": 32471782, "pmcid": "PMC7255141", "title": "Features of COVID-19 post-infectious cytokine release syndrome in children presenting to the emergency department.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Waltuch, Temima", "Gill, Prakriti", "Zinns, Lauren E", "Whitney, Rachel", "Tokarski, Julia", "Tsung, James W", "Sanders, Jennifer E"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471782", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has not appeared to affect children as severely as adults. However, approximately 1\u00a0month after the COVID-19 peak in New York City in April 2020, cases of children with prolonged fevers abruptly developing inflammatory shock-like states have been reported in Western Europe and the United States. This case series describes four previously healthy children with COVID-19 infection confirmed by serologic antibody testing, but negative by nasopharyngeal RT-PCR swab, presenting to the Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) with prolonged fever (5 or more days) and abrupt onset of hemodynamic instability with elevated serologic inflammatory markers and cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-\u03b1). Emergency physicians must maintain a high clinical suspicion for this COVID-19 associated post-infectious cytokine release syndrome, with features that overlap with Kawasaki Disease (KD) and Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) in children with recent or current COVID-19 infection, as patients can decompensate quickly."}, {"pmid": 32198834, "pmcid": "PMC7228209", "title": "Case report of COVID-19 in a kidney transplant recipient: Does immunosuppression alter the clinical presentation?", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Guillen, Elena", "Pineiro, Gaston J", "Revuelta, Ignacio", "Rodriguez, Diana", "Bodro, Marta", "Moreno, Asuncion", "Campistol, Josep M", "Diekmann, Fritz", "Ventura-Aguiar, Pedro"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198834", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is novel infectious disease with an evolving understanding of its epidemiology and clinical manifestations. Immunocompromised patients often present atypical presentations of viral diseases. Herein we report a case of a COVID-19 infection in a solid organ transplant recipient, in which the first clinical symptoms were of gastrointestinal viral disease and fever, which further progressed to respiratory symptoms in 48\u00a0hours. In these high risk populations, protocols for screening for SARS-Cov2 may be needed to be re-evaluated."}, {"pmid": 32353346, "pmcid": "PMC7185947", "title": "Estimation of COVID-19 burden in Egypt.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hassany, Mohamed", "Abdel-Razek, Wael", "Asem, Noha", "AbdAllah, Mohamed", "Zaid, Hala"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353346", "countries": ["Egypt"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434402, "title": "Psychological health during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Soc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Mukhtar, Sonia"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434402", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current ongoing pandemic outbreak of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) has globally affected 213 countries and territories with more than 2.5 million confirmed cases and thousands of casualties. The unpredictable and uncertain COVID-19 outbreak has the potential of adversely affecting the psychological health on individual and community level. Currently all efforts are focused on the understanding of epidemiology, clinical features, mode of transmission, counteract the spread of the virus, and challenges of global health, while crucially significant mental health has been overlooked in this endeavor. This review is to evaluate past outbreaks to understand the extent of adverse effects on psychological health, psychological crisis intervention, and mental health management plans. Published previous and current articles on PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Elsevier about psychological impact of infectious diseases outbreaks and COVID-19 has been considered and reviewed. COVID-19 is leading to intense psychosocial issues and comprising mental health marking a secondary health concern all around the world. Globally implementing preventive and controlling measures, and cultivating coping and resilience are challenging factors; modified lifestyle (lockdown curfew, self-isolation, social distancing and quarantine); conspiracy theories, misinformation and disinformation about the origin, scale, signs, symptoms, transmission, prevention and treatment; global socioeconomic crisis; travel restrictions; workplace hazard control; postponement and cancellation of religious, sports, cultural and entertainment events; panic buying and hoarding; incidents of racism, xenophobia, discrimination, stigma, psychological pressure of productivity, marginalization and violence; overwhelmed medical centers and health organizations, and general impact on education, politics, socioeconomic, culture, environment and climate - are some of the risk factors to aggravate further problems."}, {"pmid": 32501374, "pmcid": "PMC7245288", "title": "COVID-19 spreading in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: Do the policies of social isolation really work?", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Crokidakis, Nuno"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501374", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent Coronavirus has been spreading through all the world fastly. In this work we focus on the evolution of the COVID-19 in one of the most populous Brazilian states, namely the Rio de Janeiro state. The first case was reported in March 5, 2020, thus we have a considerable amount of available data to make a good analysis. We study the dynamics of COVID-19 through a Susceptible-Infectious-Quarantined-Recovered (SIQR) model with an additional mechanism that represents the implementation of public policies of social isolation. Based on the data collected from the Rio de Janeiro state Department of Health from March 5, 2020 through April 26, 2020, we observed that the implementation of social distancing policies changed the initial exponential growth to a sub-exponential one. The SIQR model with the above-mentioned mechanism is capable of reproducing the data of confirmed cases in Rio de Janeiro, and it explains how that change occurred. The model also predicts an important mitigation effect, namely the flattening effect, i.e., the considerably decrease of the maximum number of confirmed cases. Through the results of the model, this effect can be directly related to the social isolation policies. Finally, we consider the relaxation of such policies, and discuss about the ideal period of time to release people to return to their activities."}, {"pmid": 32376126, "pmcid": "PMC7183982", "title": "Immune audit of COVID-19 at the department of ophthalmology of a tertiary hospital before deconfinement.", "journal": "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol", "authors": ["Garrido-Hermosilla, A M", "Caro-Magdaleno, M", "Moreno-Galdo, J F", "Rodriguez-de-la-Rua-Franch, E"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376126", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335404, "pmcid": "PMC7175907", "title": "GIS-based spatial modeling of COVID-19 incidence rate in the continental United States.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Mollalo, Abolfazl", "Vahedi, Behzad", "Rivera, Kiara M"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335404", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the first 90\u00a0days of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States, over 675,000 confirmed cases of the disease have been reported, posing unprecedented socioeconomic burden to the country. Due to inadequate research on geographic modeling of COVID-19, we investigated county-level variations of disease incidence across the continental United States. We compiled a geodatabase of 35 environmental, socioeconomic, topographic, and demographic variables that could explain the spatial variability of disease incidence. Further, we employed spatial lag and spatial error models to investigate spatial dependence and geographically weighted regression (GWR) and multiscale GWR (MGWR) models to locally examine spatial non-stationarity. The results suggested that even though incorporating spatial autocorrelation could significantly improve the performance of the global ordinary least square model, these models still represent a significantly poor performance compared to the local models. Moreover, MGWR could explain the highest variations (adj. R2: 68.1%) with the lowest AICc compared to the others. Mapping the effects of significant explanatory variables (i.e., income inequality, median household income, the proportion of black females, and the proportion of nurse practitioners) on spatial variability of COVID-19 incidence rates using MGWR could provide useful insights to policymakers for targeted interventions."}, {"pmid": 32221579, "title": "Sourcing Personal Protective Equipment During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Livingston, Edward", "Desai, Angel", "Berkwits, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221579", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32183357, "pmcid": "PMC7142866", "title": "2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Paving the Road for Rapid Detection and Point-of-Care Diagnostics.", "journal": "Micromachines (Basel)", "authors": ["Nguyen, Trieu", "Duong Bang, Dang", "Wolff, Anders"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32183357", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We believe a point-of-care (PoC) device for the rapid detection of the 2019 novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is crucial and urgently needed. With this perspective, we give suggestions regarding a potential candidate for the rapid detection of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), as well as factors for the preparedness and response to the outbreak of the COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32400044, "pmcid": "PMC7272872", "title": "The importance of repeat testing in detecting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a coronary artery bypass grafting patient.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Fisher, Bryant", "Seese, Laura", "Sultan, Ibrahim", "Kilic, Arman"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400044", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While elective cardiac surgeries have been postponed to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission and to reduce resource utilization, patients with urgent indications necessitating surgery may still be at risk of contracting the disease throughout their postoperative recovery. We present a case of an 81-year-old female who underwent urgent coronary artery bypass grafting and was readmitted following discharge to a nursing facility with a cluster of COVID-19 cases. Despite symptomatology and imaging concerning for COVID-19, two initial reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests were negative but a third test was positive. This case emphasizes the risks of discharge location in the COVID-19 era as well as the importance of clinical suspicion, early isolation practices for those presumed positive, and repeat testing, given the marginal sensitivity of available COVID-19 RT-PCR."}, {"pmid": 32307326, "pmcid": "PMC7162637", "title": "Continuing education in oral cancer during coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["da Cruz Perez, Danyel Elias", "Passos, Kamilla Karla Mauricio", "Machado, Renato Assis", "Martelli-Junior, Hercilio", "Bonan, Paulo Rogerio Ferreti"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307326", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415251, "title": "15 drugs being tested to treat COVID-19 and how they would work.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Shaffer, Leah"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415251", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32129518, "pmcid": "PMC7228359", "title": "Angiotensin receptor blockers as tentative SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.", "journal": "Drug Dev Res", "authors": ["Gurwitz, David"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32129518", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the time of writing this commentary (February 2020), the coronavirus COVID-19 epidemic has already resulted in more fatalities compared with the SARS and MERS coronavirus epidemics combined. Therapeutics that may assist to contain its rapid spread and reduce its high mortality rates are urgently needed. Developing vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 virus may take many months. Moreover, vaccines based on viral-encoded peptides may not be effective against future coronavirus epidemics, as virus mutations could make them futile. Indeed, new Influenza virus strains emerge every year, requiring new immunizations. A tentative suggestion based on existing therapeutics, which would likely be resistant to new coronavirus mutations, is to use available angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1R) blockers, such as losartan, as therapeutics for reducing the aggressiveness and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 virus infections. This idea is based on observations that the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) very likely serves as the binding site for SARS-CoV-2, the strain implicated in the current COVID-19 epidemic, similarly to strain SARS-CoV implicated in the 2002-2003 SARS epidemic. This commentary elaborates on the idea of considering AT1R blockers as tentative treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infections, and proposes a research direction based on datamining of clinical patient records for assessing its feasibility."}, {"pmid": 32391242, "pmcid": "PMC7205603", "title": "A Precision Medicine Approach to SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Management.", "journal": "Curr Treat Options Allergy", "authors": ["Crisci, Carlos D", "Ardusso, Ledit R F", "Mossuz, Antonela", "Muller, Leila"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391242", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Precision medicine (PM) represents a new paradigm in disease diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. To apply PM premises in an emerging coronavirus pandemic acquires potentially greater relevance in order to allow the selection of specific preventive measures as well as biomarkers that will be useful in disease management. The identification of the new coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as the responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had led to a plethora of strategies to contain viral dissemination, affecting life styles and personal behaviors. Viral genomic sequencing has shown that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein utilizes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) found on ciliated epithelial cells of the human lungs as its specific receptor. Neutralizing antibodies to the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein were detected in patients recovered from COVID-19; however, both T cells and NK cells were reduced in severe cases. Excessive and uncontrolled releases of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1B, IL-1RA, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF\u03b1) were increased in severe patients. These cytokines might be useful biomarkers of disease worsening and potential targets for new biological therapies currently under investigation. Present knowledge and recent developments in PM approach to COVID-19 disease prevention, evaluation, and management are pointed out. Better understanding of pathogenic pathways together with an accurate phenotype classification of patients presented with SARS-CoV-2 infection and symptoms might contribute to a more accurate definition of biomarkers and other diagnostic tools, which may lead to more precise mitigation strategies, personalized pharmacologic options, as well as new biological therapy developments."}, {"pmid": 32464271, "pmcid": "PMC7247990", "title": "Could the D614G substitution in the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein be associated with higher COVID-19 mortality?", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Eaaswarkhanth, Muthukrishnan", "Al Madhoun, Ashraf", "Al-Mulla, Fahd"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464271", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The increasing number of deaths due to the COVID-19 pandemic has raised serious global concerns. Increased testing capacity and ample intensive care availability could explain lower mortality in some countries compared to others. Nevertheless, it is also plausible that the SARS-CoV-2 mutations giving rise to different phylogenetic clades are responsible for the apparent death rate disparities around the world. Current research literature linking the genetic make-up of SARS-CoV-2 with fatalities is lacking. Here, we suggest that this disparity in fatality rates may be attributed to SARS-CoV-2 evolving mutations and urge the international community to begin addressing the phylogenetic clade classification of SARS-CoV-2 in relation to clinical outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32379896, "pmcid": "PMC7267562", "title": "Knowledge-based structural models of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and their complexes with potential drugs.", "journal": "FEBS Lett", "authors": ["Hijikata, Atsushi", "Shionyu-Mitsuyama, Clara", "Nakae, Setsu", "Shionyu, Masafumi", "Ota, Motonori", "Kanaya, Shigehiko", "Shirai, Tsuyoshi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379896", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 a pandemic. There is, however, no confirmed anti-COVID-19 therapeutic currently. In order to assist structure-based discovery efforts for repurposing drugs against this disease, we constructed knowledge-based models of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and compared the ligand molecules in the template structures with approved/experimental drugs and components of natural medicines. Our theoretical models suggest several drugs, such as carfilzomib, sinefungin, tecadenoson, and trabodenoson, that could be further investigated for their potential for treating COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32422180, "pmcid": "PMC7228735", "title": "Tracheostomy in the COVID-19 era: global and multidisciplinary guidance.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["McGrath, Brendan A", "Brenner, Michael J", "Warrillow, Stephen J", "Pandian, Vinciya", "Arora, Asit", "Cameron, Tanis S", "Anon, Jose Manuel", "Hernandez Martinez, Gonzalo", "Truog, Robert D", "Block, Susan D", "Lui, Grace C Y", "McDonald, Christine", "Rassekh, Christopher H", "Atkins, Joshua", "Qiang, Li", "Vergez, Sebastien", "Dulguerov, Pavel", "Zenk, Johannes", "Antonelli, Massimo", "Pelosi, Paolo", "Walsh, Brian K", "Ward, Erin", "Shang, You", "Gasparini, Stefano", "Donati, Abele", "Singer, Mervyn", "Openshaw, Peter J M", "Tolley, Neil", "Markel, Howard", "Feller-Kopman, David J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422180", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Global health care is experiencing an unprecedented surge in the number of critically ill patients who require mechanical ventilation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The requirement for relatively long periods of ventilation in those who survive means that many are considered for tracheostomy to free patients from ventilatory support and maximise scarce resources. COVID-19 provides unique challenges for tracheostomy care: health-care workers need to safely undertake tracheostomy procedures and manage patients afterwards, minimising risks of nosocomial transmission and compromises in the quality of care. Conflicting recommendations exist about case selection, the timing and performance of tracheostomy, and the subsequent management of patients. In response, we convened an international working group of individuals with relevant expertise in tracheostomy. We did a literature and internet search for reports of research pertaining to tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic, supplemented by sources comprising statements and guidance on tracheostomy care. By synthesising early experiences from countries that have managed a surge in patient numbers, emerging virological data, and international, multidisciplinary expert opinion, we aim to provide consensus guidelines and recommendations on the conduct and management of tracheostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32470161, "title": "Minimizing contagion risks of COVID-19 during Trans Oral Robotic Surgery.", "journal": "Laryngoscope", "authors": ["Meccariello, Giuseppe", "Cammaroto, Giovanni", "Iannella, Giannicola", "Capaccio, Pasquale", "Pelucchi, Stefano", "Vicini, Claudio"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470161", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this communication we would like to share our experience in managing TORS patients during COVID-19 pandemia."}, {"pmid": 32103304, "pmcid": "PMC7080068", "title": "Old Threat, New Enemy: Is Your Interventional Radiology Service Ready for the Coronavirus Disease 2019?", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Da Zhuang, Kun", "Tan, Bien Soo", "Tan, Ban Hock", "Too, Chow Wei", "Tay, Kiang Hiong"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32103304", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391661, "title": "[Study on the epidemic development of COVID-19 in Hubei province by a modified SEIR model].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Cao, Shengli", "Feng, Peihua", "Shi, Pengpeng"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391661", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To establish a SEIR epidemic dynamics model that can be used to evaluate the COVID-19 epidemic, and to predict and evaluate the COVID-19 epidemic in Hubei province using the proposed model. COVID-19 SEIR transmission dynamics model was established, which took transmission ability in latent period and tracking quarantine interventions into consideration. Based on the epidemic data of Hubei province from January 23, 2020 to February 24, 2020, the parameters of the newly established modified SEIR model were fitted. By using Euler integral algorithm to solve the modified SEIR dynamics model, the epidemic situation in Hubei province was analyzed, and the impact of prevention and control measures such as quarantine and centralized treatment on the epidemic development was discussed. The theoretical estimation of the epidemic situation by the modified SEIR epidemic dynamics model is in good agreement with the actual situation in Hubei province. Theoretical analysis showed that prevention and control quarantine and medical follow-up quarantine played an important inhibitory effect on the outbreak of the epidemic.The centralized treatment played a key role in the rapid decline in the number of infected people. In addition, it is suggested that individuals should improve their prevention awareness and take strict self-protection measures to curb the increase in infected people. The modified SEIR model is reliable in the evaluation of COVID-19 epidemic in Hubei province, which provides a theoretical reference for the decision-making of epidemic interventions."}, {"pmid": 32052466, "pmcid": "PMC7166986", "title": "Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Lei", "Liu, Yunhui"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32052466", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19 or 2019-CoV) infection has posed significant threats to international health and the economy. In the absence of treatment for this virus, there is an urgent need to find alternative methods to control the spread of disease. Here, we have conducted an online search for all treatment options related to coronavirus infections as well as some RNA-virus infection and we have found that general treatments, coronavirus-specific treatments, and antiviral treatments should be useful in fighting COVID-19. We suggest that the nutritional status of each infected patient should be evaluated before the administration of general treatments and the current children's RNA-virus vaccines including influenza vaccine should be immunized for uninfected people and health care workers. In addition, convalescent plasma should be given to COVID-19 patients if it is available. In conclusion, we suggest that all the potential interventions be implemented to control the emerging COVID-19 if the infection is uncontrollable."}, {"pmid": 32299867, "pmcid": "PMC7163690", "title": "High-flow nasal cannula for COVID-19 patients: low risk of bio-aerosol dispersion.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Li, Jie", "Fink, James B", "Ehrmann, Stephan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299867", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232773, "pmcid": "PMC7103894", "title": "Correction to: Practical indications for the prevention and management of SARS-CoV-2 in ambulatory dialysis patients: lessons from the first phase of the epidemics in Lombardy.", "journal": "J Nephrol", "authors": ["Rombola, Giuseppe", "Heidempergher, Marco", "Pedrini, Luciano", "Farina, Marco", "Aucella, Filippo", "Messa, Piergiorgio", "Brunori, Giuliano"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232773", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The originally published article the co-author name Marco Heidempergher incorrectly spelled as Marco Hedemperger. The correct name given below."}, {"pmid": 32229575, "title": "Covid-19: Mercedes F1 to provide breathing aid as alternative to ventilator.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229575", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509294, "pmcid": "PMC7244931", "title": "Global COVID-19: Warnings and suggestions based on experience of China.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Ding, Zhuqing", "Xie, Lingling", "Guan, Anchen", "Huang, Dandan", "Mao, Zongfu", "Liang, Xiaohui"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509294", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading around the world currently, seriously threatening people's health and global security as an international public health emergency. The objective of this study is to summarize China's countermeasures and experience in response to the COVID-19 emergence in order to serve as a warning for the global COVID-19 prevention and control, and further provide some suggestions for global fighting to COVID-19. Content analysis, expert consultation, and high frequency word analysis were applied in this study. Relevant data and information were collected from official websites, the experience accumulated in China during the fighting to the novel coronavirus, and suggestions from some experts. As of March 29, 2020, China had accumulated 82\u2009419 confirmed diagnoses, and the mortality rate was 4.01%; in the mean time, the global had accumulated 596\u2009042 confirmed diagnoses, and the mortality rate was 4.76%. Although the mortality of COVID-19 was not so high, its harmfulness couldn't be ignored. Ten facts during COVID-19 epidemic in China were summarized in the study, including: the COVID-19 is highly contagious and can be spread through many channels; although elderly people and people with underlying diseases are susceptible, young people can also be victims; isolation is the most effective way to reduce the risk of COVID-19, and secondary disasters induced by COVID-19 should be emphasized in advance. High frequent words of experts' suggestions mainly includes: material, prevention and control, pathogeny, propaganda, education, hygiene, technology, medical care, overall planning, policy, panic, etc. The main concerns of experts are from four aspects: publicity and education, various subjects, medical materials and law construction. COVID-19 is a new infectious disease worldwide, and its infectious source, transmission route, susceptible population, and therapy are not clear. In the face of the COVID-19 epidemic, no country can stand alone to maintain its own safety. People from all over the world should put aside their difference in ideology, religious belief, politics, economy, and culture, and only by global cooperation and globally unified actions, can we successfully overcome COVID-19 in the end."}, {"pmid": 32380291, "pmcid": "PMC7198423", "title": "Chloroquine-induced torsades de pointes in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Szekely, Yishay", "Lichter, Yael", "Shrkihe, Bander Abu", "Bruck, Hila", "Oster, Howard S", "Viskin, Sami"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380291", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491980, "title": "The effects of the COVID-19 virus on mental healthcare for older people in The Netherlands.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Gerritsen, Debby L", "Oude Voshaar, Richard C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491980", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452455, "pmcid": "PMC7165088", "title": "Professional autonomy and liability of the resident doctor: Between the hammer and the anvil.", "journal": "J Forensic Leg Med", "authors": ["Cioffi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452455", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Within the regime of professional liability of doctors in training, the limits and the medico-legal aspects of their professional duties are not well-defined. The Italian Court of Cassation established in its sentence no. 26311/2019 that resident doctors do not work at hospitals just to receive their professional training. They are, indeed, licensed physicians and therefore bear full responsibility for the acts performed within the compass of their professional activity. The purpose of this article is to briefly define the possible consequences of this judgment."}, {"pmid": 32311326, "pmcid": "PMC7164887", "title": "COVID-19 disrupts vaccine delivery.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nelson, Roxanne"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311326", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427498, "title": "Addressing international student mental health during COVID-19: an imperative overdue.", "journal": "Australas Psychiatry", "authors": ["King, Joel A", "Cabarkapa, Sonja", "Leow, Fiona Hp", "Ng, Chee H"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427498", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286606, "pmcid": "PMC7184347", "title": "Priorities for Cath labs in the COVID-19 tsunami.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Campo, Gianluca", "Rapezzi, Claudio", "Tavazzi, Luigi", "Ferrari, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286606", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32043976, "pmcid": "PMC7128924", "title": "A contingency plan for the management of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in neonatal intensive care units.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Wang, Jianhui", "Qi, Hongbo", "Bao, Lei", "Li, Fang", "Shi, Yuan"], "date": "2020-02-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32043976", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329813, "title": "Defining the burden of olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Ralli, M", "Di Stadio, A", "Greco, A", "de Vincentiis, M", "Polimeni, A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329813", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357072, "title": "CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 28 PATIENTS WITH DIABETES AND COVID-19 IN WUHAN, CHINA.", "journal": "Endocr Pract", "authors": ["Wang, Feng", "Yang, Yan", "Dong, Kun", "Yan, Yongli", "Zhang, ShuJun", "Ren, Huihui", "Yu, Xuefeng", "Shi, Xiaoli"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357072", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Objective:\n                     Previous studies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were based on information from the general population. We aimed to further clarify the clinical characteristics of diabetes with COVID-19. \n                        Methods:\n                     Twenty-eight patients with diabetes and COVID-19 were enrolled from January 29, 2020, to February 10, 2020, with a final follow-up on February 22, 2020. Epidemiologic, demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were analyzed. \n                        Results:\n                     The average age of the 28 patients was 68.6 \u00b1 9.0 years. Most (75%) patients were male. Only 39.3% of the patients had a clear exposure of COVID-19. Fever (92.9%), dry cough (82.1%), and fatigue (64.3%) were the most common symptoms, followed by dyspnea (57.1%), anorexia (57.1%), diarrhea (42.9%), expectoration (25.0%), and nausea (21.4%). Fourteen patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The hemoglobin A1c level was similar between ICU and non-ICU patients. ICU patients had a higher respiratory rate, higher levels of random blood glucose, aspartate transaminase, bilirubin, creatine, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide, troponin I, D-dimers, procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, ferritin, interleukin (IL)-2R, IL-6, and IL-8 than non-ICU patients. Eleven of 14 ICU patients received noninvasive ventilation and 7 patients received invasive mechanical ventilation. Twelve patients died in the ICU group and no patients died in the nonICU group. \n                        Conclusion:\n                     ICU cases showed higher rates of organ failure and mortality than non-ICU cases. The poor outcomes of patients with diabetes and COVID-19 indicated that more supervision is required in these patients. (Endocr Pract. 2020;26:xxx-xxx)."}, {"pmid": 32322993, "pmcid": "PMC7176030", "title": "The emergence of SARS, MERS and novel SARS-2 coronaviruses in the 21st century.", "journal": "Arch Virol", "authors": ["da Costa, Vivaldo Gomes", "Moreli, Marcos Lazaro", "Saivish, Marielena Vogel"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322993", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the beginning of the 21st century, a new deadly infectious disease known as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was recognized as a global public health threat. Subsequently, ten years after the initial SARS cases occurred in 2002, new cases of another atypical respiratory disease caused worldwide concern. This disease became known as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and was even more lethal than SARS. Currently, history has repeated itself with the emergence of a new Chinese epidemic at the end of 2019. For this respiratory disease, called COVID-19, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the etiologic agent. In sum, SARS, MERS and COVID-19 are caused by recently discovered coronaviruses that cause flu-like illnesses, but with a clinical outcome that tends to be more severe. As a result of the current importance of coronaviruses in global public health, we conducted a review to summarize and update, above all, the epidemiological historical aspects of the three major diseases in humans caused by coronaviral infection."}, {"pmid": 32450877, "pmcid": "PMC7247287", "title": "Decision support tool and suggestions for the development of guidelines for the helicopter transport of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med", "authors": ["Bredmose, Per P", "Diczbalis, Monica", "Butterfield, Emma", "Habig, Karel", "Pearce, Andrew", "Osbakk, Svein Are", "Voipio, Ville", "Rudolph, Marcus", "Maddock, Alistair", "O'Neill, John"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450877", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 emerged in December 2019 and is now pandemic. Initial analysis suggests that 5% of infected patients will require critical care, and that respiratory failure requiring intubation is associated with high mortality.Sick patients are geographically dispersed: most patients will remain in situ until they are in need of critical care. Additionally, there are likely to be patients who require retrieval for other reasons but who are co-incidentally infected with SARS-CoV-2 or shedding virus.The COVID-19 pandemic therefore poses a challenge to critical care retrieval systems, which often depend on small teams of specialists who live and work together closely. The infection or quarantining of a small absolute number of these staff could catastrophically compromise service delivery.Avoiding occupational exposure to COVID-19, and thereby ensuring service continuity, is the primary objective of aeromedical retrieval services during the pandemic. In this discussion paper we collaborated with helicopter emergency medical services(HEMS) worldwide to identify risks in retrieving COVID-19 patients, and develop strategies to mitigate these.Simulation involving the whole aeromedical retrieval team ensures that safety concerns can be addressed during the development of a standard operating procedure. Some services tested personal protective equipment and protocols in the aeromedical environment with simulation. We also incorporated experiences, standard operating procedures and approaches across several HEMS services internationally.As a result of this collaboration, we outline an approach to the safe aeromedical retrieval of a COVID-19 patient, and describe how this framework can be used to develop a local standard operating procedure."}, {"pmid": 32499910, "pmcid": "PMC7256627", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Italy: ethical and organizational considerations.", "journal": "Multidiscip Respir Med", "authors": ["Nardini, Stefano", "Sanguinetti, Claudio M", "De Benedetto, Fernando", "Baccarani, Claudio", "Del Donno, Mario", "Polverino, Mario", "Annesi-Maesano, Isabella"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499910", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still raging in Italy. The country is currently plagued by a huge burden of virusrelated cases and deaths. So far, the disease has highlighted a number of problems, some in common with other Countries and others peculiar to Italy which has suffered from a mortality rate higher than that observed in China and in most Countries in the world. The causes must be sought not only in the average age of the population (one of the oldest in the world), but also in the inconsistencies of the regional health systems (into which the National Health System is divided) and their delayed response, at least in some areas. Ethical issues emerged from the beginning, ranging from restrictions on freedom of movements and restrictions on personal privacy due to the lockdown, further to the dilemma for healthcare professionals to select people for ICU hospitalization in a shortage of beds in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Organizational problems also emerged, although an official 2007 document from the Ministry of Health had planned not only what measures had to be taken during an epidemic caused by respiratory viruses, but also what had to be done in the inter-epidemic period (including the establishment of DPIs stocks and ventilators), vast areas of Italy were totally unprepared to cope with the disease, as a line of that document was not implemented. Since organizational problems can worsen (and even cause) ethical dilemmas, every effort should be made in the near future to prepare the health system to respond to a similar emergency in a joint, coherent, and homogeneous way across the Country, as planned in the 2007 document. In this perspective, Pulmonary Units and specialists can play a fundamental role in coping with the disease not only in hospitals, as intermediate care units, but also at a territorial level in an integrated network with GPs."}, {"pmid": 32348044, "title": "[Hematology in the time of COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Gavillet, Mathilde", "Rufer, Nathalie", "Grandoni, Francesco", "Carr Klappert, Jeanette", "Zermatten, Maxime G", "Cairoli, Anne", "Canellini, Giorgia", "Alberio, Lorenzo", "Duchosal, Michel A", "Spertini, Olivier", "Blum, Sabine"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348044", "topics": ["Transmission", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic impacts the hematology practice. Intensive chemotherapies for high-grade lymphomas and acute leukemias, multiple myeloma treatments and most hematopoietic stem cell transplantations should be performed as usual. Low-grade lymphomas should only be treated when strictly indicated, maintenance can be postponed. Other myeloid neoplasia and their therapies cause imunosupression; dose adjustment is recommended but no brisk stopping. Sickle cell anemia patients are highly succeptible to severe COVID-19 course. Thrombocytopenia and procoagulant state are associated with severe courses of COVID-19, requiring an individualized therapy. No data indicate a risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through blood product transfusion."}, {"pmid": 32447443, "pmcid": "PMC7245166", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on urological emergencies: a single-center experience.", "journal": "World J Urol", "authors": ["Motterle, Giovanni", "Morlacco, Alessandro", "Iafrate, Massimo", "Bianco, Marta", "Federa, Giuliano", "Xhafka, Orest", "Zattoni, Filiberto", "Prayer-Galetti, Tommaso"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447443", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic represents a novel challenge for healthcare systems, and it affects even the daily urological practice. Italy was the first country after China to experience a lock-down period. Our objective is to determine whether, during the COVID-19 period, there has been any modification in urological emergencies. we retrospectively reviewed urgent urological consultations requested by the Emergency Department (ED) of Padua University Hospital in the 36-day period between February 22nd and March 30th, 2020 and compared them to the prior year cases within a similar time frame (February 24th to March 31st, 2019). Pediatric population (age\u2009<\u200915\u00a0years); surgical complications and traumas were excluded to avoid confounding from the reduction of activities during the lockdown. The number of daily consultations, the number of invasive procedures performed and admissions were evaluated, together with the predictors of admission were identified through multivariate logistic regression models. The final sample resulted in 107 consultations performed in 2020 and 266 in 2019. A higher number of daily consultations was performed during 2019 (7.33 vs 2.97, p\u2009<\u20090.001). Similarly, the number of daily-invasive procedures was higher in 2019 (p\u2009=\u20090.006), while there was no difference in the number of daily admissions (15 vs 12, p\u2009=\u20090.80). On multivariate analysis, the year (2020 vs 2019, OR 2.714, 95% CI 1.096-6.757, p\u2009=\u20090.0297) was a significant predictor of admission. Urgent urology practice was affected during COVID-19 pandemic with a remarkable reduction in urgent urological consultations; furthermore, a higher risk of admissions was observed in 2020. The consequences of a potentially delayed diagnosis remain to be determined."}, {"pmid": 32292228, "pmcid": "PMC7151531", "title": "[Fulminant myocarditis due to COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Irabien-Ortiz, Angela"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292228", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239511, "pmcid": "PMC7228392", "title": "Sore throat in COVID-19: Comment on \"Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A single arm meta-analysis\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lovato, Andrea", "Rossettini, Giacomo", "de Filippis, Cosimo"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239511", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520073, "title": "Simulating social distancing measures in household and close contact transmission of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Garcia Filho, Carlos"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520073", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We sought to evaluate contact rate reduction goals for household and close contacts and to provide preventive recommendations during the coronavirus pandemic. We applied an agent-based model to simulate the transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 within household or close contacts through a social network of 150 nodes. there is no great difference in total infected people within modifications in number of links per node for networks with average number of links per node greater than three. For six nodes, total infected people are 149.85; for five nodes, 148.97; and for four nodes, 141.57. On the other hand, for three nodes, total infected are 82.39, for two nodes, 13.95; and for one node, 2.96. This model indicates a possible pitfall if social distancing measures are not stepwise suspended and close surveillance of cases are not provided, since the relationship between average links per node and number of infected people seems to be s-shaped, and not linear."}, {"pmid": 32489666, "pmcid": "PMC7240337", "title": "A 55-year-old COVID-19-positive man managed with self-regulation of high-flow oxygen by high-velocity nasal insufflation therapy.", "journal": "Respirol Case Rep", "authors": ["Ciment, Ari J", "Ciment, Lawrence M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489666", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Management of critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients remains both risky and technically challenging. A 55-year-old male COVID-19-positive patient with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), diabetes, and obesity presented with cough and shortness of breath, escalating to requiring high-flow oxygen therapy by high-velocity nasal insufflation. The patient's flow rate and oxygen fraction remained labile throughout much of the hospitalization. This lability required frequent clinician interactions and use of personal protective equipment. The patient was alert and oriented and was instructed on the operation of the high-flow system, specifically the adjustment of both flow rate and oxygen percentage. The patient was instructed to modify oxygen to maintain an SpO2 (peripheral capillary oxygen saturation) target range, and flow rate to address dyspnoea as well as reduction of flow as tolerated when other staff entered the room. The patient was successfully self-regulated for 10\u2009days and was discharged on 2 L/min nasal cannula on day 14 of his illness."}, {"pmid": 32467051, "pmcid": "PMC7237948", "title": "Stigma Over COVID-19; New Conception Beyond Individual Sense.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Badrfam, Rahim", "Zandifar, Atefeh"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467051", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442546, "pmcid": "PMC7237355", "title": "Prevention of COVID-19 in patients with IBD.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Segal, Jonathan P", "Quraishi, Mohammed Nabil", "Bhala, Neeraj", "Brookes, Matthew James"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442546", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219471, "pmcid": "PMC7100415", "title": "[Maternity protection-also during the corona crisis].", "journal": "Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed", "authors": ["Michels, Guido", "Ochmann, Uta", "Cranen, Rita"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219471", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pregnant employees should be protected, particularly in crisis situations. The Maternity Protection Act states that employees are not allowed to have contact with infectious people, including people with SARS-CoV-2 infections; no new regulation is required here."}, {"pmid": 32385052, "title": "HiJAKing SARS-CoV-2? The potential role of JAK inhibitors in the management of COVID-19.", "journal": "Sci Immunol", "authors": ["Spinelli, Francesca Romana", "Conti, Fabrizio", "Gadina, Massimo"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385052", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "JAK kinase inhibitors are being investigated as a way of managing cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32240972, "pmcid": "PMC7171587", "title": "The Three Steps Needed to End the COVID-19 Pandemic: Bold Public Health Leadership, Rapid Innovations, and Courageous Political Will.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Guest, Jodie L", "Del Rio, Carlos", "Sanchez, Travis"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240972", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is experiencing the expansive spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a global pandemic that is placing strain on health care, economic, and social systems. Commitment to implementing proven public health strategies will require bold public health leadership and courageous acts by politicians. Developing new innovative communication, mitigation, and health care approaches, particularly in the era of social media, is also clearly warranted. We believe that the best public health evidence must inform activities in three priority areas to stop this pandemic: (1) coordinated and consistent stay-at-home orders across multiple jurisdictions, including potential nationwide mandates; (2) rapid scale-up of SARS-CoV-2 testing; and (3) improved health care capacity to respond. This editorial outlines those areas, the rationale behind them, and the call for innovation and engagement of bold public health leadership to empower courageous political action to reduce the number of deaths during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32509886, "pmcid": "PMC7271929", "title": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 and perinatal outcomes.", "journal": "J Educ Health Promot", "authors": ["Irani, Morvarid", "Pakfetrat, Ali", "Mask, Mahin Kiyani"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509886", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the prevalence of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the lack of information on coronavirus and pregnancy, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of COVID-19 and perinatal outcomes in pregnant women. In the present review article, the search process was conducted on English and Persian scientific databases of PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Magiran, Irandoc, Iranmedx, and SID as well as the websites of international organizations of World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention using the main keywords of \"Pregnancy,\" \"Perinatal outcomes,\" \"Coronavirus,\" \"COVID-19,\" \"MERS-CoV,\" \"MERS,\" \"SARS-CoV-2,\" and \"SARS-CoV-1\" and their Persian-equivalent keywords from inception until March 16 2020. The findings of studies on mothers with COVID-19 were limited, and insufficient information is available on the adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with COVID-19. In cases of infection with other coronaviruses such as Middle East respiratory syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome during pregnancy, there have been reports on adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm labor, low birth weight, and congenital malformations following high fever in the first trimester. Pregnant women may be more susceptible to viral respiratory infections, including COVID-19, due to immunological and physiological changes. Therefore, pregnant women should take routine preventive measures, such as washing their hands frequently and avoiding contact with infected people, to prevent infection."}, {"pmid": 32505590, "title": "Successful prevention of COVID-19 outbreak at elderly care institutions in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Yang, Peishan", "Huang, Lung Kuan"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505590", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32109274, "pmcid": "PMC7107544", "title": "Saudi Arabia's drastic measures to curb the COVID-19 outbreak: temporary suspension of the Umrah pilgrimage.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Ebrahim, Shahul H", "Memish, Ziad A"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32109274", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460553, "title": "Would You Believe? A Virus Changes Diabetes Care.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Tack, Cornelis Cees J"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460553", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295764, "title": "AACR Calls on Congress to Take Immediate Action against COVID-19 and Protect Patients with Cancer during the Pandemic.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 30, 2020, the AACR Board of Directors provided a letter to the U.S. Congressional leadership on behalf of its members in response to the COVID-19 public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32144176, "title": "Trump claims public health warnings on covid-19 are a conspiracy against him.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32144176", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242738, "pmcid": "PMC7258652", "title": "Clinical Features of 85 Fatal Cases of COVID-19 from Wuhan. A Retrospective Observational Study.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Du, Yingzhen", "Tu, Lei", "Zhu, Pingjun", "Mu, Mi", "Wang, Runsheng", "Yang, Pengcheng", "Wang, Xi", "Hu, Chao", "Ping, Rongyu", "Hu, Peng", "Li, Tianzhi", "Cao, Feng", "Chang, Christopher", "Hu, Qinyong", "Jin, Yang", "Xu, Guogang"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242738", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rationale: The global death toll from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) virus as of May 12, 2020, exceeds 286,000. The risk factors for death were attributed to advanced age and comorbidities but have not been accurately defined.Objectives: To report the clinical features of 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 in two hospitals in Wuhan.Methods: Medical records were collected of 85 fatal cases of COVID-19 between January 9, 2020, and February 15, 2020. Information recorded included medical history, exposure history, comorbidities, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, computed tomographic scans, and clinical management.Measurements and Main Results: The median age of the patients was 65.8 years, and 72.9% were male. Common symptoms were fever (78 [91.8%]), shortness of breath (50 [58.8%]), fatigue (50 [58.8%]), and dyspnea (60 [70.6%]). Hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease were the most common comorbidities. Notably, 81.2% of patients had very low eosinophil counts on admission. Complications included respiratory failure (80 [94.1%]), shock (69 [81.2%]), acute respiratory distress syndrome (63 [74.1%]), and arrhythmia (51 [60%]), among others. Most patients received antibiotic (77 [90.6%]), antiviral (78 [91.8%]), and glucocorticoid (65 [76.5%]) treatments. A total of 38 (44.7%) and 33 (38.8%) patients received intravenous immunoglobulin and IFN-\u03b12b, respectively.Conclusions: In this depictive study of 85 fatal cases of COVID-19, most cases were males aged over 50 years with noncommunicable chronic diseases. The majority of the patients died of multiple organ failure. Early onset of shortness of breath may be used as an observational symptom for COVID-19 exacerbations. Eosinophilopenia may indicate a poor prognosis. A combination of antimicrobial drugs did not offer considerable benefit to the outcome of this group of patients."}, {"pmid": 32479413, "title": "Telehealth as a Bright Spot in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Recommendations From the \"Frontweb\".", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Olayiwola, J Nwando", "Magana, Candy", "Harmon, Ashley", "Nair, Shalina", "Esposito, Erica", "Harsh, Christine", "Forrest, L Arick", "Wexler, Randy"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479413", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the telehealth tipping point in the practice of family medicine and primary care in the United States, making telehealth not just a novel approach to care but also necessary for public health safety. Social distancing requirements and stay at home orders have shifted patient care from face-to-face in primary care offices to virtual care from clinicians' homes or offices, moving to a new frontline which we call the \"frontweb.\" Our Telehealth Workgroup employed the Clinical Transformation in Technology implementation framework to accelerate telehealth expansion and to develop a consensus document for clinician recommendations in providing remote virtual care during the pandemic. In a few weeks, telehealth went from under 5% of patient visits to almost 93% of patient visits, while maintaining high levels of patient satisfaction. In this paper, we share clinician recommendations and guidance gleaned from this transition to the frontweb, offering a systematic approach for ensuring \"webside\" success."}, {"pmid": 32506640, "title": "Viral Infections and Their Relationship with Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Possible Pathogenic Mechanism of Severe COVID-19 Thrombotic Complications.", "journal": "J Intern Med", "authors": ["Mendoza-Pinto, Claudia", "Escarcega, Ricardo O", "Garcia-Carrasco, Mario", "Bailey, David J O", "Galvez-Romero, Jose Luis", "Cervera, Ricard"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506640", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has different presentations and outcomes. Severe COVID-19 is commonly complicated by markedly elevated D-dimer, thrombocytopenia and coagulation abnormalities that are considered to be regulated by various pro-inflammatory cytokines and similar to pneumonia induced by other pathogens(1), and are correlated with mortality. Recently, a small case series described aPL antibodies in patients with COVID-19 (2). About 1% of APS patients develop a severe life-threatening clinical condition characterized by multiple thrombosis involving mainly small vessels, which has been described as catastrophic APS (CAPS). Patients with CAPS have in common: 1) clinical evidence of multiple organ involvement developing over a very short period of time; 2) histopathological findings of multiple small vessel occlusions, and 3) laboratory confirmation of the presence of aPL, usually in high titres."}, {"pmid": 32387969, "pmcid": "PMC7194916", "title": "Issues for conducting meta-analyses in COVID-19. Commentary on \"Prevalence and severity of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis''.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Etoom, Mohammad", "Alwardat, Sofian", "Alwardat, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387969", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528622, "pmcid": "PMC7266478", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: do we need systematic screening of patients with cardiovascular risk factors in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) for preventing death?", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Temgoua, Mazou Ngou", "Kuate, Liliane Mfeukeu", "Ngatchou, William", "Sibetcheu, Aurelie", "Toupendi, Zouliatou Nzina", "Belobo, Grace", "Ossa, Alice", "Kingue, Samuel"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528622", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is an emergent cardiovascular risk factor and a major cause of mortality worldwide. Thromboembolism is highly suspected as a leading cause of death in these patients through vascular inflammation caused by SARS COV2. Until now there is no real treatment of COVID-19 and many proposed drugs are under clinical trials. Considering the high incidence of thromboembolic events in critically ill patients with COVID-19, prevention of this disorder should be essential in order to reduce mortality in these patients."}, {"pmid": 32500504, "pmcid": "PMC7271831", "title": "SARS-Coronavirus-2 Nsp13 Possesses NTPase and RNA Helicase Activities That Can Be Inhibited by Bismuth Salts.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Shu, Ting", "Huang, Muhan", "Wu, Di", "Ren, Yujie", "Zhang, Xueyi", "Han, Yang", "Mu, Jingfang", "Wang, Ruibing", "Qiu, Yang", "Zhang, Ding-Yu", "Zhou, Xi"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500504", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health emergency. SARS-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative pathogen of COVID-19, is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the family Coronaviridae. For RNA viruses, virus-encoded RNA helicases have long been recognized to play pivotal roles during viral life cycles by facilitating the correct folding and replication of viral RNAs. Here, our studies show that SARS-CoV-2-encoded nonstructural protein 13 (nsp13) possesses the nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase (NTPase) and RNA helicase activities that can hydrolyze all types of NTPs and unwind RNA helices dependently of the presence of NTP, and further characterize the biochemical characteristics of these two enzymatic activities associated with SARS-CoV-2 nsp13. Moreover, we found that some bismuth salts could effectively inhibit both the NTPase and RNA helicase activities of SARS-CoV-2 nsp13 in a dose-dependent manner. Thus, our findings demonstrate the NTPase and helicase activities of SARS-CoV-2 nsp13, which may play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 replication and serve as a target for antivirals."}, {"pmid": 32202489, "pmcid": "PMC7113321", "title": "Risk of COVID-19 importation to the Pacific islands through global air travel.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Craig, A T", "Heywood, A E", "Hall, J"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202489", "countries": ["France", "Guam", "Korea, Republic of", "Singapore", "Australia", "Palau", "China", "Japan", "Papua New Guinea", "New Caledonia", "New Zealand", "Fiji"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 30 January 2020, WHO declared coronavirus (COVID-19) a global public health emergency. As of 12 March 2020, 125 048 confirmed COVID-19 cases in 118 countries had been reported. On 12 March 2020, the first case in the Pacific islands was reported in French Polynesia; no other Pacific island country or territory has reported cases. The purpose of our analysis is to show how travellers may introduce COVID-19 into the Pacific islands and discuss the role robust health systems play in protecting health and reducing transmission risk. We analyse travel and Global Health Security Index data using a scoring tool to produce quantitative estimates of COVID-19 importation risk, by departing and arriving country. Our analysis indicates that, as of 12 March 2020, the highest risk air routes by which COVID-19 may be imported into the Pacific islands are from east Asian countries (specifically, China, Korea and Japan) to north Pacific airports (likely Guam, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands or, to a less extent, Palau); or from China, Japan, Singapore, the United States of America or France to south Pacific ports (likely, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, French Polynesia or New Caledonia). Other importation routes include from other east Asian countries to Guam, and from Australia, New Zealand and other European countries to the south Pacific. The tool provides a useful method for assessing COVID-19 importation risk and may be useful in other settings."}, {"pmid": 32528624, "pmcid": "PMC7266481", "title": "COVID-19: a perspective for lifting lockdown in Zimbabwe.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Dzobo, Mathias", "Chitungo, Itai", "Dzinamarira, Tafadzwa"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528624", "countries": ["Zimbabwe"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) scourge has challenged the world's health systems and presented multiple socio-economic and public health challenges to the states it has affected. Zimbabwe has been affected by the pandemic, and in response, the government has set up an array of measures, including a national lockdown, to curb transmission. While it is critical to maintain such vigorous containment measures, socio-economic pressures in Zimbabwe will challenge the sustainability of the lockdown. Given the potential for lift of the lockdown before the Covid-19 pandemic ends, we discuss the Covid-19 pandemic situation in Zimbabwe and viewpoints on important considerations and strategies for lifting the lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32488341, "pmcid": "PMC7264482", "title": "Rethinking the respiratory paradigm of COVID-19: a 'hole' in the argument.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Rajendram, Rajkumar", "Kharal, Ghulam Abbas", "Mahmood, Naveed", "Puri, Rishi", "Kharal, Mubashar"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488341", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395525, "pmcid": "PMC7210193", "title": "A profiling analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different type of cancers vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Dai, Yu-Jun", "Hu, Fang", "Li, Huan", "Huang, Han-Ying", "Wang, Da-Wei", "Liang, Yang"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395525", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) is now causing a severe public health emergency. The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) infected individuals by binding human angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor. ACE2 is widely expressed in multiple organs including respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive and urinary systems in healthy individuals. These tissues with high expression level of ACE2 seemed to be more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recently, it has been reported that patients with tumors were likely to be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and indicated poor prognosis. The tissue atlas database and the blood atlas were used to analyze the distribution of ACE2 in human tissues or organs of cancers and normal samples. Starbase dataset was applied to predict the prognosis of cancers according to expression level of ACE2. In this study, we demonstrated a landscape profiling analysis on expression level of ACE2 in pan-cancers and showed the risky of different type of cancers to SARS-CoV-2 according to the expression level of ACE2. In addition, we found that ACE2 was both differential expression and related to the prognosis only in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). Relative high expression of ACE2 indicated a favorable prognosis in LIHC, but they might be more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. We indeed emphasized that LIHC patients with high expression level of ACE2 should be more cautious of the virus infection. Our study might provide a potential clue for preventing infection of SARS-CoV-2 in cancers."}, {"pmid": 32303372, "pmcid": "PMC7142673", "title": "Will the status of infection prevention and control (IPC) professionals be improved in the context of COVID-19?", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Wang, Jiancong", "Liu, Fangfei", "Zhou, Mouqing", "Lee, Yew Fong"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303372", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452542, "title": "COVID-19 Presenting with Atypical Sweet's Syndrome.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Taskin, Banu", "Vural, Secil", "Altug, Elif", "Demirkesen, Cuyan", "Kocaturk, Emek", "Celebi, Irfan", "Ferhanoglu, Burhan", "Alper, Sibel"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452542", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the first case of the novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) was officially confirmed in Turkey. The disease continues to spread, and the number of patients has risen to 120,000 by the end of April.\u00a0In this observation, we report an atypical presentation of COVID-19 in a patient with indurated painful nodules. A-61-years-old woman with a one-week history of fever (axillary 38\u00b0C) and nodules on the cheek was admitted to the hospital with fatigue, arthralgia and myalgia."}, {"pmid": 32405050, "pmcid": "PMC7220647", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic will redefine the future delivery of glaucoma care.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Jayaram, Hari", "Strouthidis, Nicholas G", "Gazzard, Gus"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405050", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381426, "pmcid": "PMC7183971", "title": "Nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2 within Departments of Digestive Surgery.", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Luong-Nguyen, M", "Hermand, H", "Abdalla, S", "Cabrit, N", "Hobeika, C", "Brouquet, A", "Goere, D", "Sauvanet, A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381426", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic imposed a drastic reduction in surgical activity in order to respond to the influx of hospital patients and to protect uninfected patients by avoiding hospitalization. However, little is known about the risk of infection during hospitalization or its consequences. The aim of this work was to report a series of patients hospitalized on digestive surgery services who developed a nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2 virus. This is a non-interventional retrospective study carried out within three departments of digestive surgery. The clinical, biological and radiological data of the patients who developed a nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2 were collected from the computerized medical record. From March 1, 2020 to April 5, 2020, among 305\u00a0patients admitted to digestive surgery departments, 15 (4.9%) developed evident nosocomial infection with SARS-Cov-2. There were nine men and six women, with a median age of 62\u00a0years (35-68 years). All patients had co-morbidities. The reasons for hospitalization were: surgical treatment of cancer (n=5), complex emergencies (n=5), treatment of complications linked to cancer or its treatment (n=3), gastroplasty (n=1), and stoma closure (n=1). The median time from admission to diagnosis of SARS-Cov-2 infection was 34 days (5-61 days). In 12 patients (80%), the diagnosis was made after a hospital stay of more than 14 days (15-63 days). At the end of the follow-up, two patients had died, seven were still hospitalized with two of them on respiratory assistance, and six patients were discharged post-hospitalization. The risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection during hospitalization or following digestive surgery is a real and potentially serious risk. Measures are necessary to minimize this risk in order to return to safe surgical activity."}, {"pmid": 32510734, "title": "Azithromycin and COVID-19Prompt Early Use at First Signs of this Infection in Adults and Children An Approach Worthy of Consideration.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Schwartz, Robert A", "Suskind, Robert M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510734", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The devastating effects of the coronavirus designated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) has led to urgent attempts to find effective therapeutic agents for inpatient and outpatient treatment of COVID-19. Initial enthusiasm for the combination of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin has abated. However, as a result of positive clinical experience with azithromycin used alone during the first few days of the flu-like illness caused by this coronavirus, we recommend formal clinical trials using azithromycin early in the course of a COVID-19 infection. There is one clinical trial initiated, the individually-randomized, telemedicine-based, \"Azithromycin for COVID-19 Treatment in Outpatients Nationwide (ACTION)\" based at the University of California San Francisco. This placebo-controlled trial is designed to determine the efficacy of a single 1.2\u2009g dose of oral azithromycin to prevent COVID-19 patient progression to hospitalization. We recommend formal clinical trials of azithromycin in its prepackaged form at the first sign of COVID-19 infection in adults and children, using an initial adult dose of 500\u2009mg followed by 250\u2009mg per day for four days, a total cumulative dose of 1.5\u2009g, and for children 5 to 18\u2009years of age, 10\u2009mg/kg on the first day followed by 5\u2009mg/kg for four days. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32427981, "pmcid": "PMC7235550", "title": "Organoids demonstrate gut infection by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Dickson, Iain"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427981", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525711, "title": "Re: \"Maxillofacial Trauma Management During COVID-19: Multidisciplinary Recommendations,\" by Edwards et al. and \"A Guide to Facial Trauma Triage and Precautions in the COVID-19 Pandemic\" by Hsieh et al.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Elmaraghi, Shady", "Rao, Venkat K", "Mount, Delora L"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525711", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362647, "title": "Severe acute respiratory illness surveillance for coronavirus disease 2019, India, 2020.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Gupta, Nivedita", "Praharaj, Ira", "Bhatnagar, Tarun", "Vivian Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley", "Giri, Sidhartha", "Chauhan, Himanshu", "Kulkarni, Sanket", "Murhekar, Manoj", "Singh, Sujeet", "Gangakhedkar, Raman R", "Bhargava, Balram"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362647", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sentinel surveillance among severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) patients can help identify the spread and extent of transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARI surveillance was initiated in the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in India. We describe here the positivity for COVID-19 among SARI patients and their characteristics. SARI patients admitted at 41 sentinel sites from February 15, 2020 onwards were tested for COVID-19 by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, targeting E and RdRp genes of SARS-CoV-2. Data were extracted from Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory Network for analysis. A total of 104 (1.8%) of the 5,911 SARI patients tested were positive for COVID-19. These cases were reported from 52 districts in 20 States/Union Territories. The COVID-19 positivity was higher among males and patients aged above 50 years. In all, 40 (39.2%) COVID-19 cases did not report any history of contact with a known case or international travel. COVID-19 containment activities need to be targeted in districts reporting COVID-19 cases among SARI patients. Intensifying sentinel surveillance for COVID-19 among SARI patients may be an efficient tool to effectively use resources towards containment and mitigation efforts."}, {"pmid": 32352927, "title": "Problematic online gaming and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Behav Addict", "authors": ["King, Daniel L", "Delfabbro, Paul H", "Billieux, Joel", "Potenza, Marc N"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352927", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Stay-at-home mandates and quarantines related to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic have led to greatly increased participation in online gaming. Initiatives such as #PlayApartTogether that promote gaming for socializing and stress reduction may achieve positive outcomes. Although gaming can be a healthy coping strategy for the majority, it can also pose risks to some vulnerable individuals. Protracted periods of social isolation and technology-based activity pose the danger of solidifying unhealthy lifestyle patterns, leading to difficulties to readaptation when the COVID-19 crisis has passed. Balanced and effective approaches to gaming during the COVID-19 pandemic are needed to support physical and psychological wellbeing."}, {"pmid": 32502827, "pmcid": "PMC7255281", "title": "COVID 19 related Psychosis as an interface of fears, socio-cultural issues and vulnerability- case report of two women from India.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Chandra, Prabha S", "Shiva, Lakshmi", "Nagendrappa, Sachin", "Ganjekar, Sundarnag", "Thippeswamy, Harish"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502827", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313228, "pmcid": "PMC7169650", "title": "COVID-19 Q&A: Animal care continues.", "journal": "Lab Anim (NY)", "authors": ["Neff, Ellen P"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313228", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492760, "title": "Diagnostic Performance of a Rapid Point of Care Test for SARS-CoV-2 in an Urban ED Setting.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["McDonald, Samuel", "Courtney, D Mark", "Clark, Andrew E", "Muthukumar, Alagarraju", "Lee, Francesca", "Balani, Jyoti", "Mahimainathan, Lenin", "Bararia, Anjali", "Oliver, Dwight", "Sarode, Ravi", "Diercks, Deborah"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492760", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ability to rapidly and accurately identify a patient's COVID-19 status has had significant impact on emergency departments (ED) and health systems globally. Since the identification of SARS-CoV-2 illness in the United States, there has been rapid development in patient testing capacity following initial challenges including sparse availability. This was made possible by increasing availability of diagnostic molecular tests in several formats, from laboratory based traditional, RT-PCR methods to near patient testing rapid point of care PCR tests."}, {"pmid": 32165205, "pmcid": "PMC7126344", "title": "Atypical lung feature on chest CT in a lung adenocarcinoma cancer patient infected with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Qu, J", "Yang, R", "Song, L", "Kamel, I R"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165205", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406606, "pmcid": "PMC7272962", "title": "Positive detection of SARS-CoV-2 combined HSV1 and HHV6B virus nucleic acid in tear and conjunctival secretions of a non-conjunctivitis COVID-19 patient with obstruction of common lacrimal duct.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Hu, Yaguang", "Chen, Tianyan", "Liu, Miaomiao", "Zhang, Li", "Wang, Fang", "Zhao, Shuo", "Liu, Hui", "Xia, Han", "Wang, Yawen", "Li, Li"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406606", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of COVID-19 has spread rapidly all over the world. Respiratory droplets and contaction with infected patients are the two major transmission routes. However, the value of tear virus nucleic acid is still not clear. We dynamic detected the SARS-CoV-2 in eye sample of one COVID-19 patient with obstruction of common lacrimal ducts. Besides the routine examination, nasopharyngeal and eye swab were continuously measured by polymerase chain reaction assay and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Gene detection was performed for drug use guidance, and flow cytometry was performed to analyse the lymphocyte subsets. Nasopharyngeal swabs were positive for 22\u00a0days, but eye swabs were still continuously positive for 2\u00a0weeks after nasopharyngeal swabs turned negative. The low level of lymphocyte and the high level IL-6 lasted for almost 4\u00a0weeks, then became near normal. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) confirmed the existing of SARS-CoV-2, HSV1 and HHV6B virus nucleic acid. The gene detection for drug use guidance showed the genetic locus ABCB1 (3435T>C) rs1045642 belonged to type CC and it mean the efficiency of lopinavir-ritonavir would be significantly decreased. The flow cytometry of lymphocyte subsets showed PD-1+ \u00a0CD95+ cells was accounting for 94.8% in CD3+ \u00a0CD8+ T subset and for 94.8% in CD3+ \u00a0TCR\u03b3\u03b4+ T subset. As obstruction of common lacrimal duct, positively detection in one eye for 2\u00a0weeks more after nasopharyngeal swab became negative. More eye swabs should be collected from COVID-19 patients, especially from those immunocompromised, those with eye symptoms and those had a history of ocular diseases."}, {"pmid": 32480010, "pmcid": "PMC7260562", "title": "Follow your Gut: Challenges in Nutritional Therapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Aguila, Enrik John T", "Antoinette, Marie", "Francisco, Carlos Paolo D"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480010", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273181, "pmcid": "PMC7271211", "title": "COVID-19 in a Kidney Transplant Patient.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Wang, Junpeng", "Li, Xin", "Cao, Guanghui", "Wu, Xiaoqiang", "Wang, Zhiwei", "Yan, Tianzhong"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273181", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251539, "title": "COVID-19 and liver disease.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Sun, Jian", "Aghemo, Alessio", "Forner, Alejandro", "Valenti, Luca"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251539", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478709, "title": "Stemming COVID-19 in Cuba: Strengths, Strategies, ChallengesFrancisco Duran MD.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Reed, Gail"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478709", "countries": ["Angola", "Cuba"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dr Dur\u00e1n is a native of eastern San-tiago de Cuba and his early medical career began in this mountainous re-gion, where he also headed provin-cial prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS. He went on to become rector of the Medical University of Santiago de Cuba and provincial health direc-tor. Later in Havana, Dr Dur\u00e1n was director of medical education and vice minister at the Ministry of Public Health (MINSAP). Abroad, he served as advisor to Angola's Minister of Health, and on his return, as deputy director of Cuba's Pedro Kour\u00ed Tropical Medicine Institute (IPK). Dr Dur\u00e1n has been \"battle-tested\" over the years by his involvement in stemming dengue epidemics and other infectious dis-ease outbreaks, good preparation for his current position as National Direc-tor of Epidemiology. Today, his is the voice and the face on the 11:00 AM briefing carried daily by Cuban television, reporting the latest data on the un-folding COVID-19 pandemic globally, in the Americas and."}, {"pmid": 32320998, "pmcid": "PMC7182282", "title": "COVID-19 in Brazil: advantages of a socialized unified health system and preparation to contain cases.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Croda, Julio", "Oliveira, Wanderson Kleber de", "Frutuoso, Rodrigo Lins", "Mandetta, Luiz Henrique", "Baia-da-Silva, Djane Clarys", "Brito-Sousa, Jose Diego", "Monteiro, Wuelton Marcelo", "Lacerda, Marcus Vinicius Guimaraes"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320998", "countries": ["China", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported for the first time in Wuhan, China in late December 2019 have rapidly spread to other countries and it was declared on January 30, 2020 as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) by the World Health Organization. Before the first COVID-19 cases were reported in Brazil, several measures have been implemented including the adjustment of legal framework to carry out isolation and quarantine. As the cases increased significantly, new measures, mainly to reduce mortality and severe cases, have also been implemented. Rapid and robust preparedness actions have been undertaken in Brazil while first cases have not yet been identified in Latin-American. The outcome of this early preparation should be analyzed in future studies."}, {"pmid": 32300815, "pmcid": "PMC7160608", "title": "Protecting patients and healthcare personnel from COVID-19: considerations for practice and outpatient care in cardiology.", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Dorr, Rolf"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300815", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501645, "title": "Why we should be avoiding periorificial mimetic muscles when injecting tissue fillers.", "journal": "J Cosmet Dermatol", "authors": ["Goodman, Greg J", "Al-Niaimi, Firas", "McDonald, Cara", "Ciconte, Antoinette", "Porter, Catherine"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501645", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tissue fillers are generally safe and well tolerated by patients. However, complications do occur, and may be very severe, such as intravascular injection (with occasional residual tissue loss, visual and neurological sequelae) and late nodularity and swelling. Methods to lessen the likelihood of complications have been the subject of much recent literature. Depth of injection has been identified as a key safety consideration. The role of injection of facial filler into the muscular layer of the face is explored in this article. Literature was explored using available search facilities to study the role of injections in or around this layer in the production of significant adverse reactions. A body of literature seems to suggest that injection into mimetic musculature of the face especially the musculature in the periorbital and perioral regions is prone to adverse reactions. Injection of agents into the perioral and periorbital mimetic muscular layer may produce, product clumping, displacement, tendency to late nodularity and swelling. It also risks intravascular injection as compared to injection of other layers of the face. Injection into the mimetic muscles especially the sphincteric muscles should be avoided to minimize the risk of complications."}, {"pmid": 32526513, "title": "The psychological status of people affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Res", "authors": ["Zhu, Zhen", "Liu, Qi", "Jiang, Xiaobing", "Manandhar, Upasana", "Luo, Zhongyu", "Zheng, Xu", "Li, Yuanyuan", "Xie, Jun", "Zhang, Bo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526513", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan (Hubei, China) in December, 2019. Facing this largescale infectious public health event, everyone is under great psychological pressure. The aim was to investigate the psychological status of people affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in China. The online cross-sectional study involving 922 participants (656 medical staff and 266 general population) was conducted in China between February and March, 2020. The psychological status was evaluated using the Symptom Check List 90 Revised (SCL-90). Linear and logistic regression analysis were used to examine the effect in the study. Of the 922 participants, approximately 18.3% had psychological health problems. The score of the SCL-90 was significant higher in medical staff (mean\u00a0=\u00a01.49) than that in general population (mean\u00a0=\u00a01.36). In addition, the participants enrolled in March were less likely to have psychological health problems than in February (odds ratio\u00a0=\u00a00.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u00a0=\u00a00.30 to 0.59). Female had a 1.44-fold risk of psychological health problems than male (95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.01 to 2.03). In the study, 18.3% had psychological health problems during the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic. With the remission of the epidemic, the psychological health status of participants has been improved. Medical staff were likely to have higher SCL-90 scores than general population and female had more psychological problems than male. Our findings can be used to formulate psychological interventions for improving the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32374452, "pmcid": "PMC7267556", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: Structural diversity, phylogeny, and potential animal host identification of spike glycoprotein.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Dabravolski, Siarhei Alexander", "Kavalionak, Yury Kazimirovich"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374452", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the evolutionary history of the current pandemic outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a total of 137 genomes of coronavirus strains with release dates between January 2019 and 25 March 2020, were analyzed. To investigate the potential intermediate host of the SARS-CoV-2, we analyzed spike glycoprotein sequences from different animals, with particular emphasis on bats. We performed phylogenetic analysis and structural reconstruction of the spike glycoproteins with subsequent alignment and comparison. Our phylogenetic results revealed that SARS-CoV-2 was more similar to the bats' betacoronavirus isolates: HKU5-related from Pipistrellus abramus and HKU4-related from Tylonycteris pachypus. We also identified a yak betacoronavirus strain, YAK/HY24/CH/2017, as the closest match in the comparison of the structural models of spike glycoproteins. Interestingly, a set of unique features has been described for this particular strain of the yak betacoronavirus. Therefore, our results suggest that the human SARS-CoV-2, responsible for the current outbreak of COVID-19, could also come from yak as an intermediate host."}, {"pmid": 32525973, "title": "Approach to the Patient with Thyrotoxicosis Using Telemedicine.", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Griffith, Michelle L", "Bischoff, Lindsay A", "Baum, Howard B A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525973", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The potential for endocrine care via telemedicine has been recognized since the early 2000s when clinical outcome data demonstrated improvements in glycemic control with telemedicine. The widespread use of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic has pushed telemedicine beyond diabetes care and into clinical areas with a paucity of published data. The evaluation and treatment of thyrotoxicosis heavily relies on laboratory assessment and imaging with physical exam playing a role to help differentiate the etiology and assess the severity of thyrotoxicosis. We describe a patient presenting for evaluation of new thyrotoxicosis via telemedicine, and describe modifications to consider for thorough, safe evaluation via telemedicine. Telemedicine may be an ideal way to assess and treat patients with thyrotoxicosis who are not able to physically attend a visit with an endocrinologist but still have access to a laboratory for blood draws. Potential challenges include access to imaging and high-volume surgeons if needed. Clinical and economic outcomes of telemedicine care of thyrotoxicosis should be studied so that standards of care for endocrine telemedicine can be established."}, {"pmid": 32264963, "pmcid": "PMC7137406", "title": "A new clinical trial to test high-dose vitamin C in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Carr, Anitra C"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32264963", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333024, "pmcid": "PMC7181099", "title": "[Anesthesia and intensive care ventilators: differences and usability in COVID-19 patients].", "journal": "Anaesthesist", "authors": ["Notz, Q", "Herrmann, J", "Stumpner, J", "Schmid, B", "Schlesinger, T", "Kredel, M", "Kranke, P", "Meybohm, P", "Lotz, C"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333024", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemia is a highly dynamic situation characterized by therapeutic and logistic uncertainties. Depending on the effectiveness of social distancing, a shortage of intensive care respirators must be expected. Concomitantly, many physicians and nursing staff are unaware of the capabilities of alternative types of ventilators, hence being unsure if they can be used in intensive care patients. Intensive care respirators were specifically developed for the use in patients with pathological lung mechanics. Nevertheless, modern anesthesia machines offer similar technical capabilities including a number of different modes. However, conceptual differences must be accounted for, requiring close monitoring and the presence of trained personnel. Modern transport ventilators are mainly for bridging purposes as they can only be used with 100% oxygen in contaminated surroundings. Unconventional methods, such as \"ventilator-splitting\", which have recently received increasing attention on social media, cannot be recommended. This review intends to provide an overview of the conceptual and technical differences of different types of mechanical ventilators."}, {"pmid": 32471800, "pmcid": "PMC7211677", "title": "Gaucher disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection: Emerging management challenges.", "journal": "Mol Genet Metab", "authors": ["Mistry, Pramod", "Balwani, Manisha", "Barbouth, Deborah", "Burrow, T Andrew", "Ginns, Edward I", "Goker-Alpan, Ozlem", "Grabowski, Gregory A", "Kartha, Reena V", "Kishnani, Priya S", "Lau, Heather", "Lee, Chung U", "Lopez, Grisel", "Maegawa, Gustavo", "Packman, Seymour", "Prada, Carlos", "Rosenbloom, Barry", "Lal, Tamanna Roshan", "Schiffmann, Rapheal", "Weinreb, Neal", "Sidransky, Ellen"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471800", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32231349, "title": "Chloroquine in COVID-19: the evidence.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Gupta, Nitesh", "Agrawal, Sumita", "Ish, Pranav"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231349", "countries": ["Italy", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To the Editor The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared as a pandemic by World Health Organisation (WHO). The global mortality has increased, especially in countries like Italy and Iran. With the increasing morbidity and mortality, search for a cure has been the global demand."}, {"pmid": 32525373, "title": "When time falls apart: The public health implications of distorted time perception in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Holman, E Alison", "Grisham, Emma L"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525373", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Collective trauma, like the COVID-19 pandemic, can dramatically alter how we perceive time and view our futures. Indeed, the pandemic has challenged us to cope with an ambiguous, invisible threat that has changed our way of life and made our futures, both near and far, less certain. In this commentary, we review existing literature on time perception in the context of stress and trauma and discuss its implications for mental health and well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32216858, "pmcid": "PMC7156570", "title": "Trust in Humanitarian Aid From the Earthquake in 2017 to COVID-19 in Iran: A Policy Analysis.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Seddighi, Hamed"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216858", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The earthquake of November 2017, the great flood of April 2019, and the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020 are 3 major emergencies in Iran during the last 3 years. A common issue in all of these crises seems to be the issue of \"trust.\" Official authorities, including the Iranian President, ministers, and the judiciary system, tried to gain people's trust by either changing policies or developing new ones. In August 2019, the new law on crisis management in Iran went into effect and the issue of public donation has been considered, too. Also, in their response to the COVID-19 outbreak, Iranian officials ordered all sectors to cooperate with the Ministry of Health and provide it with all necessary facilities. Therefore, it seems that new policies are still needed to overcome mistrust in Iran at times of emergency. Developing a policy on donation management was the first step, and there are several factors that could have contributed to the perception of the mistrust and failure in emergency missions. Mistrust can be the result of different causes, including but not limited to lack of knowledge on capabilities and efficiencies of humanitarian organizations, engagement of a wide range of organizations from different categories, extension of mistrust of an organization to other emergency organizations in the area or all of operation, lack of unity in emergency response, and poor public relations."}, {"pmid": 32409818, "pmcid": "PMC7239241", "title": "Unmasking the Actual COVID-19 Case Count.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kou, S C", "Yang, Shihao", "Chang, Chia-Jung", "Ho, Teck-Hua", "Graver, Lisa"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409818", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This report presents a novel approach to estimate the number of COVID-19 cases, including undocumented infections, in the US, by combining CDC's influenza-like illness surveillance data with aggregated prescription data. We estimated that the cumulative number of COVID-19 cases in the US by April 4 was above 2.5 million."}, {"pmid": 32434708, "pmcid": "PMC7219425", "title": "SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody detection in healthcare workers in Germany with direct contact to COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Korth, Johannes", "Wilde, Benjamin", "Dolff, Sebastian", "Anastasiou, Olympia E", "Krawczyk, Adalbert", "Jahn, Michael", "Cordes, Sebastian", "Ross, Birgit", "Esser, Stefan", "Lindemann, Monika", "Kribben, Andreas", "Dittmer, Ulf", "Witzke, Oliver", "Herrmann, Anke"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434708", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a severe respiratory manifestation, COVID-19, and presents a challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. Healthcare workers are a vulnerable cohort for SARS-CoV-2 infection due to frequent and close contact to patients with COVID-19. Serum samples from 316 healthcare workers of the University Hospital Essen, Germany were tested for SARS-CoV-2-IgG antibodies. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic and clinical data. Healthcare workers were grouped depending on the frequency of contact to COVID-19 patients in high-risk-group (n = 244) with daily contact to known or suspected SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, intermediated-risk-group (n = 37) with daily contact to patients without known or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection at admission and low-risk-group (n = 35) without patient contact. In 5 of 316 (1.6 %) healthcare workers SARS-CoV-2-IgG antibodies could be detected. The seroprevalence was higher in the intermediate-risk-group vs. high-risk-group (2/37 (5.4 %) vs. 3/244 (1.2 %), p = 0.13). Four of the five subject were tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 via PCR. One (20 %) subject was not tested via PCR since he was asymptomatic. The overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers of a tertiary hospital in Germany is low (1.6 %). The data indicate that the local hygiene standard might be effective."}, {"pmid": 32515684, "title": "Patterns of IgG and IgM antibody response in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Xuemei", "Wang, Jing", "Xu, Xiaolei", "Liao, Guojian", "Chen, Yaokai", "Hu, Chang-Hua"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515684", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360119, "pmcid": "PMC7187845", "title": "COVID-19 myopericarditis: It should be kept in mind in today's conditions.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Cizgici, Ahmet Yasar", "Zencirkiran Agus, Hicaz", "Yildiz, Mustafa"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360119", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 78-year-old patient with acute respiratory distress was transferred to our hospital with ST segment elevation on electrocardiography. Coronary angiography revealed normal coronary arteries. Thorax computerized tomography showed ground glass opacification with consolidation in the lungs and mild pericardial effusion demonstrating myopericarditis associated with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32525216, "title": "Management of the airway and lung isolation for thoracic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Greenhalgh, D"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253351, "title": "Ethics in the time of COVID: What remains the same and what is different.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Kim, Scott Y H", "Grady, Christine"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253351", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383575, "title": "Experience of a small country (Montenegro) in the COVID-19 epidemic and its impact on rehabilitation.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Bokan, Vesna", "Obradovic, Marija"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383575", "countries": ["Montenegro"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381644, "pmcid": "PMC7202944", "title": "Violence against women during covid-19 pandemic restrictions.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Roesch, Elisabeth", "Amin, Avni", "Gupta, Jhumka", "Garcia-Moreno, Claudia"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381644", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32080994, "title": "[Emergency management of prevention and control of the novel coronavirus infection in departments of stomatology].", "journal": "Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Tang, H S", "Yao, Z Q", "Wang, W M"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32080994", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Complying with overall requirements of the government and regulations on public health emergencies, as well as the clinical features of diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases, this article reviews previous guidelines and studies on the infection control in dental practices in China and foreign countries. The emergency management protocol for the prevention and control of COVID-19 has been implemented in Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, which mainly focuses on the implementation of the training programs for dental staff and the infection control project in the hospital environment. This article could be used as a reference for rapid response and emergency management for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the departments of stomatology."}, {"pmid": 32191830, "title": "COVID-19 - what should anaethesiologists and intensivists know about it?", "journal": "Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther", "authors": ["Wujtewicz, Magdalena", "Dylczyk-Sommer, Anna", "Aszkielowicz, Aleksander", "Zdanowski, Szymon", "Piwowarczyk, Sebastian", "Owczuk, Radoslaw"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191830", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over the past three months, the world has faced an unprecedented health hazard. The World Health Organization has announced a pandemic infection with an unknown species of coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2. Spreading mainly through the droplet route, the virus causes mild symptoms in the majority of cases, the most common being: fever (80%), dry cough (56%), fatigue (22%) and muscle pain (7%); less common symptoms include a sore throat, a runny nose, diarrhea, hemoptysis and chills. A life-threatening complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection is an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which occurs more often in older adults, those with immune disorders and co-morbidities. Severe forms of the infection, being an indication for treatment in the intensive care unit, comprise acute lung inflammation, ARDS, sepsis and septic shock. The article presents basic information about etiology, pathogenesis and diagnostics (with particular emphasis on the importance of tomocomputer imaging), clinical picture, treatment and prevention of the infection. It goes on to emphasize the specific risks of providing anesthesiology and intensive care services. Due to the fact that effective causal treatment is not yet available and the number of infections and deaths increases day by day, infection prevention and strict adherence to recommendations of infection control organizations remain the basis for fighting the virus."}, {"pmid": 32427104, "title": "Modeling COVID-19 latent prevalence to assess a public health intervention at a state and regional scale.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Turk, Philip J", "Chou, Shih-Hsiung", "Kowalkowski, Marc A", "Palmer, Pooja P", "Priem, Jennifer S", "Spencer, Melanie D", "Taylor, Yhenneko J", "McWilliams, Andrew D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427104", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergence of COVID-19 caught the world off-guard and unprepared, initiating a global pandemic. In the absence of evidence, individual communities had to take timely action to reduce the rate of disease spread and avoid overburdening their healthcare systems. Although a few predictive models have been published to guide these decisions, most have not taken into account spatial differences and have included assumptions that do not match the local realities. Access to reliable information that is adapted to local context is critical for policymakers to make informed decisions during a rapidly evolving pandemic. The goal of this study was to develop an adapted susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model to predict the trajectory of the COVID-19 pandemic in North Carolina (NC) and the Charlotte metropolitan region and to incorporate the effect of a public health intervention to reduce disease spread, while accounting for unique regional features and imperfect detection. Using the software package R, three SIR models were fit to infection prevalence data from the state and the greater Charlotte region and then rigorously compared. One of these models (SIR-Int) accounted for a stay-at-home intervention and imperfect detection of COVID-19 cases. We computed longitudinal total estimates of the susceptible, infected, and removed compartments of both populations, along with other pandemic characteristics (e.g., basic reproduction number). Prior to March 26, disease spread was rapid at the pandemic onset with the Charlotte region doubling time of 2.56 days (95% CI: (2.11, 3.25)) and in NC 2.94 days (95% CI: (2.33, 4.00)). Subsequently, disease spread significantly slowed with doubling times increased in the Charlotte region to 4.70 days (95% CI: (3.77, 6.22)) and in NC to 4.01 days (95% CI: (3.43, 4.83)). Reflecting spatial differences, this deceleration favored the greater Charlotte region compared to NC as a whole. A comparison of the efficacy of intervention, defined as 1 - the hazard ratio of infection, gave 0.25 for NC and 0.43 for the Charlotte region. Also, early in the pandemic, the initial basic SIR model had good fit to the data; however, as the pandemic and local conditions evolved, the SIR-Int model emerged as the model with better fit. Using local data and continuous attention to model adaptation, our findings have enabled policymakers, public health officials and health systems to proactively plan capacity and evaluate the impact of a public health intervention. Our SIR-Int model for estimated latent prevalence was reasonably flexible, highly accurate, and demonstrated the efficacy of a stay-at-home order at both the state and regional level. Our results highlight the importance of incorporating local context into pandemic forecast modeling, as well as the need to remain vigilant and informed by the data as we enter into a critical period of the outbreak. "}, {"pmid": 32442880, "pmcid": "PMC7194061", "title": "Anxiety regarding contracting COVID-19 related to interoceptive anxiety sensations: The moderating role of disgust propensity and sensitivity.", "journal": "J Anxiety Disord", "authors": ["McKay, Dean", "Yang, Haibo", "Elhai, Jon", "Asmundson, Gordon J G"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442880", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 public health crisis has led to extensive recommendations by officials to contain its spread. Anxiety regarding contracting the virus is prominent in the public. Specific routes to anxiety over disease contraction are under studied. It is expected that a contributory feature of fear of contracting COVID-19 involve disgust propensity and sensitivity, emotional reactions that are part of a broader behavioral immune system (BIS). A total of N = 908 Chinese adults (mean age = 40.37 years, SD = 9.27; n = 752 female) participated in a survey distributed between February 24 and March 15, 2020. Participants completed measures of anxiety sensitivity, disgust propensity and sensitivity, and fear of contracting COVID-19. Results support a moderating relationship between both disgust propensity and sensitivity in the relationship between physical concerns associated with anxiety sensitivity and fear of contracting COVID-19. These results lend support for individual variation in the activation of the BIS. Recommendations for public education to target individuals who may experience mental health consequences from pandemics are provided."}, {"pmid": 32220986, "title": "Telemedicine services thrive during Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220986", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512290, "title": "Expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and proteases in COVID-19 patients: A potential role of cellular FURIN in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Drak Alsibai, Kinan"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512290", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, a mini-review was published in the Medical Hypotheses journal by Usul Afsar entitled 2019-nCoV-SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: Cruciality of Furin and relevance with cancer. Previous studies have pointed out that disruption of the proteolytic cleavage of proteins can promote infectious and non-infectious diseases. The last few weeks have been marked by an important revelation concerning the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2. This new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious and transmissible acute respiratory infectious disorder. SARS-CoV-2 is composed of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and structural proteins including Spike protein (S protein). Interestingly, the FURIN, one of the proproteins of the convertase family, plays a crucial role in the maturation of viral glycoproteins. In addition, many viruses including coronaviruses, exploit FURIN for the activation of their glycoproteins. Recent data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Subsequently, the S protein is cleaved by transmembrane protease serine 2 with the help of FURIN which facilitates the entry of the virus into the cell after binding. Furthermore, it seems that FURIN is implicated in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and potentially in the increased rates of human-to-human transmission."}, {"pmid": 32475851, "title": "COVID-19: Stay Cool toward Corticosteroids.", "journal": "Keio J Med", "authors": ["Fujishima, Seitaro"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475851", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414384, "pmcid": "PMC7226711", "title": "\"Pairing assistance\": the effective way to solve the breakdown of health services system caused by COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Chen, Tianxiang", "Wang, Ying", "Hua, Lei"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414384", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The most terrifying thing about pandemic could be the large number of patients running against the health service system, which causes a serious shortage of health resources, especially medical personnel. Plotting mortality and diagnosis rates against medical staff resources in 16 cities in Hubei Province, where the epidemic was initially concerned and the most severe, shows a significant negative correlation, indicating the critical role of medical staff resources in controlling epidemics. Nevertheless, it is difficult to ensure that there exist enough medical personnel in cities severely hit by the outbreak. China provides solutions by adopting nationwide \"pairing assistance\" measures with at least one province assisting one city to alleviate pressure in the most severe area. By plotting the number of patients receiving treatment against day, it is clear that implementing \"pairing assistance\" is a turning point in China's fight against epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32394841, "title": "COVID-19: An Update on Clinical Trials.", "journal": "Curr Top Med Chem", "authors": ["Kumar, Yogesh", "Singh, Anil Kumar", "Kumar, Shiv"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394841", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493147, "title": "The Coincidence of 2 Epidemics, Coccidioidomycosis and SARS-CoV-2: A Case Report.", "journal": "J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep", "authors": ["Shah, Amar S", "Heidari, Arash", "Civelli, Valerie F", "Sharma, Ritika", "Clark, Charles S", "Munoz, Augustine D", "Ragland, Alan Scott", "Johnson, Royce H"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493147", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the middle of a pandemic, patients with cough and fever are thought to have SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2). It should be remembered that in the desert southwest of the United States, we have an ongoing epidemic of coccidioidomycosis (CM). There are additionally many other respiratory illnesses that could be confused with CoV-2 or overlooked. This is a case report of CoV-2 engrafted on chronic cavitary pulmonary CM. In a time where the coronavirus pandemic is becoming rampant, we demonstrate the case of a coinfection with cavitary pulmonary CM. In this case, the importance of detection of the coronavirus and treatment of the coinfection is explored."}, {"pmid": 32240625, "pmcid": "PMC7146671", "title": "Dementia care during COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Wang, Huali", "Li, Tao", "Barbarino, Paola", "Gauthier, Serge", "Brodaty, Henry", "Molinuevo, Jose Luis", "Xie, Hengge", "Sun, Yongan", "Yu, Enyan", "Tang, Yanqing", "Weidner, Wendy", "Yu, Xin"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240625", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345353, "pmcid": "PMC7186946", "title": "Lung ultrasound findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Xing, Changyang", "Li, Qiaoying", "Du, Hong", "Kang, Wenzhen", "Lian, Jianqi", "Yuan, Lijun"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345353", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501020, "title": "Service-learning in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Emerging lessons from the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health at the University of Botswana.", "journal": "Afr J Prim Health Care Fam Med", "authors": ["Tsima, Billy M", "Masupe, Tiny", "Setlhare, Vincent"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501020", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disrupted many lives worldwide. Training programmes in academic institutions have also been affected by the pandemic. Teaching and learning family medicine and public health medicine in the COVID-19 era require adjustments to training activities. At the University of Botswana, the pandemic presented an opportunity to steer training programmes in the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Medicine more towards service-learning. The department collaborated with the Ministry of Health and Wellness as well as the District Health Management teams in the national response to the pandemic as essential service providers. The increased demands for service provision were balanced with educational opportunities for trainees during the COVID-19 public health emergency. Including structured ongoing reflections for trainees involved in the COVID-19 response helps to connect service and the academic curriculum."}, {"pmid": 32525375, "title": "Shifting from survival to supporting resilience in children and families in the COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons for informing U.S. mental health priorities.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Stark, Abigail M", "White, Allison E", "Rotter, Nancy S", "Basu, Archana"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525375", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This commentary contextualizes potential mental health outcomes for children during and after the COVID-19 pandemic within the risk and resilience literature. Individual, familial, and community-level factors that may increase risk for mental health challenges for children as well as factors associated with positive adaptation in the face of adversity are considered. We highlight the value of considering children's resilience within a systemic perspective by considering family-centered approaches including both short-term and long-term evidence-informed mental health practices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32472377, "pmcid": "PMC7258601", "title": "Neurosurgeons and the fight with COVID-19: a position statement from the EANS Individual Membership Committee.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Ganau, Mario", "Netuka, David", "Broekman, Marike", "Zoia, Cesare", "Tsianaka, Eleni", "Schwake, Michael", "Balak, Naci", "Sekhar, Amitendu", "Ridwan, Sami", "Clusmann, Hans"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472377", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299205, "pmcid": "PMC7195977", "title": "Protective measures for COVID-19 for healthcare providers and laboratory personnel", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Agalar, Canan", "Ozturk Engin, Derya"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299205", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the COVID-19 pandemic, which affects the whole world, healthcare professionals (HCP) are at high risk of transmission due to their direct contact with patients with COVID-19. Therefore, how to ensure the triage of the patient with acute respiratory symptoms should be determined in advance, the contact distance should be arranged to be at least 2 m, COVID-19 suspect or diagnosed patient should be instructed to wear a surgical mask. During the care of these patients, HCP should wear their personal protective equipment (PPE) in accordance with the procedure and should not neglect hand hygiene. The samples of the patient with known or suspected COVID-19, patient should also be known to be risky in terms of contamination, and a risk assessment should be performed for the procedures to be performed in laboratories. The PPE should be used in accordance with the procedure to be performed. The protection of the HCP, who sacrifice at the risk of life, is possible only by complying with infection control and precautions."}, {"pmid": 32151274, "pmcid": "PMC7063757", "title": "Preparing for COVID-19: early experience from an intensive care unit in Singapore.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Liew, Mei Fong", "Siow, Wen Ting", "MacLaren, Graeme", "See, Kay Choong"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32151274", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302448, "title": "The procoagulant pattern of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Ranucci, Marco", "Ballotta, Andrea", "Di Dedda, Umberto", "Bayshnikova, Ekaterina", "Dei Poli, Marco", "Resta, Marco", "Falco, Mara", "Albano, Giovanni", "Menicanti, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302448", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few observations exist with respect to the pro-coagulant profile of patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Reports of thromboembolic complications are scarce but suggestive for a clinical relevance of the problem. Prospective observational study aimed to characterize the coagulation profile of COVID-19 ARDS patients with standard and viscoelastic coagulation tests and to evaluate their changes after establishment of an aggressive thromboprophylaxis. Sixteen patients with COVID-19 ARDS received a complete coagulation profile at the admission in the intensive care unit. Ten patients were followed in the subsequent 7\u00a0days, after increasing the dose of low molecular weight heparin, antithrombin levels correction, and clopidogrel in selected cases. At baseline, the patients showed a pro-coagulant profile characterized by an increased clot strength (CS, median 55\u00a0hPa, 95% interquartile range 35-63), platelet contribution to CS (PCS, 43\u00a0hPa; interquartile range 24-45), fibrinogen contribution to CS (FCS, 12\u00a0hPa; interquartile range 6-13.5) elevated D-dimer levels (5.5\u00a0\u03bcg/mL, interquartile range 2.5-6.5), and hyperfibrinogenemia (794\u00a0mg/dL, interquartile range 583-933). Fibrinogen levels were associated (R2 \u00a0=\u00a0.506, P\u00a0=\u00a0.003) with interleukin-6 values. After increasing the thromboprophylaxis, there was a significant (P\u00a0=\u00a0.001) time-related decrease of fibrinogen levels, D-dimers (P\u00a0=\u00a0.017), CS (P\u00a0=\u00a0.013), PCS (P\u00a0=\u00a0.035), and FCS (P\u00a0=\u00a0.038). The pro-coagulant pattern of these patients may justify the clinical reports of thromboembolic complications (pulmonary embolism) during the course of the disease. Further studies are needed to assess the best prophylaxis and treatment of this condition."}, {"pmid": 32419751, "pmcid": "PMC7213032", "title": "2019-NCoV: What Every Neurologist Should Know?", "journal": "Ann Indian Acad Neurol", "authors": ["Mahajan, Nitika", "Singla, Monika", "Singh, Balveen", "Sajja, Venkatesh", "Bansal, Parth", "Paul, Birinder", "Goel, Parveen", "Midha, Rahul", "Bansal, Rajinder", "Singh, Gagandeep"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419751", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel Corona Virus pandemic beginning from Wuhan, China primarily affects the respiratory tract but its has impacted clinical practice across a range of specialities including neurology. We review the bearing of the 2019 NCoV infection on neurological practice. Neurological manifestations are less common than respiratory manifestations, yet conspicuous, affecting nearly over a third of hospitalized individuals. These may be classified in to early - headache, dizziness, hyposmia and hypogeusia and late - encephalopathy. Rarely but surely, a very small proportion of infected individuals might present with stroke. Certain neurological conditions, including cerebrovascular disease in both China and Italy and dementia in Italy predispose to infection and more severe manifestations, requiring intensive care unit admission. There is no convincing evidence that the manifestations, course and outcome of various neurological disorders is impacted by 2019 nCoV infection. Concerns of an increased risk of febrile seizures offset by a reduced frequency of infection in the paediatric age group. Individuals with multiple sclerosis might potentially experience both true and pseudorelapses. Besides a direct effect, 2019 nCoV has tremendously affected neurological care by disrupting the continuity of care and the availability of neurological medicines worldwide. Neurologists should respond to this challenge by developing and sustaining innovative methods of providing care as well as alerting the society at large to adopt measures to contain the spread of 2019 nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32207257, "pmcid": "PMC7183837", "title": "A Patient with COVID-19 Presenting a False-Negative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Result.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Chen, Zuhua", "Li, Yunjiang", "Wu, Baoliang", "Hou, Yanchun", "Bao, Jianfeng", "Deng, Xueying"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207257", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413378, "pmcid": "PMC7217097", "title": "Health status of patients with autoimmune liver disease during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in northern Italy.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Di Giorgio, Angelo", "Nicastro, Emanuele", "Speziani, Camilla", "De Giorgio, Massimo", "Pasulo, Luisa", "Magro, Bianca", "Fagiuoli, Stefano", "D' Antiga, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413378", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507456, "title": "The Fellowship Experience in Adult Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology-Strategies for Applicants and Fellows to Navigate the Coronavirus Crisis.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Feinman, Jared W", "Roberts, Monique L", "Al-Ghofaily, Lourdes", "Adenwala, Adam", "Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507456", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335340, "pmcid": "PMC7195510", "title": "Potential fecal transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Current evidence and implications for public health.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Amirian, E Susan"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335340", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Hubei Province, China in December 2019 and has since become a global pandemic, with hundreds of thousands of cases and over 165 countries affected. Primary routes of transmission of the causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are through respiratory droplets and close person-to-person contact. While information about other potential modes of transmission are relatively sparse, evidence supporting the possibility of a fecally mediated mode of transmission has been accumulating. Here, current knowledge on the potential for fecal transmission is briefly reviewed and the possible implications are discussed from a public health perspective."}, {"pmid": 32496583, "title": "Chilblain-like lesions during the COVID-19 pandemic: should we really worry?", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Piccolo, Vincenzo", "Neri, Iria", "Manunza, Francesca", "Mazzatenta, Carlo", "Bassi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496583", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32208494, "title": "COVID-19: decision making and palliative care.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Borasio, Gian Domenico", "Gamondi, Claudia", "Obrist, Monika", "Jox, Ralf", "For The Covid-Task Force Of Palliative Ch"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208494", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the current development around the COVID-19 pandemic, palliative ch has created a Task Force to provide recommendations for health professionals on the treatment of palliative care patients in the various settings \u2012 inpatient and outpatient."}, {"pmid": 32250170, "pmcid": "PMC7157952", "title": "Will plant-made biopharmaceuticals play a role in the fight against COVID-19?", "journal": "Expert Opin Biol Ther", "authors": ["Rosales-Mendoza, Sergio"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250170", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the dramatic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is imperative to divulge all the available technologies with the potential to fight against this virus. Plant biotechnology offers potential solutions to this pandemic through the development of low-cost vaccines and antibodies useful for therapy, prophylaxis, and diagnosis. The technology to produce plant-made biopharmaceuticals is already established; two examples of these are: a therapeutic enzyme that has entered the market and the influenza vaccines that are currently under clinical trials with encouraging results. Thus far, some companies have started developing anti-COVID-19 antibodies and vaccines. In particular, plant-made antibodies might be timely produced and approved for human use in the short term, while the development of vaccines will take longer time (clinical evaluations could be concluded by the end of 2021); nonetheless, the candidates obtained will be valuable tools for future outbreaks. The key aspects that will define the exploitation of this technology in the fight against COVID-19 are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32077677, "title": "[Management strategy of Novel coronavirus pneumonia in burn and wound care ward].", "journal": "Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, N", "Liu, T M", "Chen, H L", "Liao, J M"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077677", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has already entered a key period . The patients treated in the burn and wound care ward are susceptible to viral infection because of disease, age and other factors, so it is very important to manage the burn and wound care ward during the prevention and control of NCP epidemic. In this paper, combining with the key clinical problems of prevention and control in hospital during the epidemic period of NCP infection, medical evidence, and clinical and management experience, the author formulates prevention and control management strategy of the author's unit in order to provide reference for prevention and control of burn and wound care ward."}, {"pmid": 32508009, "title": "Thalidomide combined with low-dose short-term glucocorticoid in the treatment of critical Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Chen, Chengshui", "Qi, Feng", "Shi, Keqing", "Li, Yuping", "Li, Ji", "Chen, Yongping", "Pan, Jingye", "Zhou, Tieli", "Lin, Xiangyang", "Zhang, Jinsan", "Luo, Yongde", "Li, Xiaokun", "Xia, Jinglin"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508009", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424004, "title": "Paediatric care in the time of COVID-19 in countries with under-resourced healthcare systems.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Duke, Trevor", "English, Mike", "Carai, Susanne", "Qazi, Shamim"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424004", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32096366, "title": "[Dynamic changes of chest CT imaging in patients with corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Wang, Jincheng", "Liu, Jinpeng", "Wang, Yuanyuan", "Liu, Wei", "Chen, Xiaoqun", "Sun, Chao", "Shen, Xiaoyong", "Wang, Qidong", "Wu, Yaping", "Liang, Wenjie", "Ruan, Lingxiang"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32096366", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the dynamic changes of chest CT images of patients with corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19). Fifty-two cases of COVID-19 were admitted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The consecutive chest CT scans were followed up for all patients with an average of 4 scans performed per patient during the hospitalization. The shortest interval between each scan was 2 days and the longest was 7 days. The shape, number and distribution of lung shadows, as well as the characteristics of the lesions on the CT images were reviewed. The obvious shadows infiltrating the lungs were shown on CT images in 50 cases, for other 2 cases there was no abnormal changes in the lungs during the first CT examination. Ground-glass opacities (GGO) were found in 48 cases (92.3%), and 19 cases (36.5%) had patchy consolidation and sub-consolidation, which were accompanied with air bronchi sign in 17 cases (32.7%). Forty one cases (78.8%) showed a thickened leaflet interval, 4 cases (7.6%) had a small number of fibrous stripes. During hospitalization, GGO lesions in COVID-19 patients gradually became rare, the fibrous strip shadows increased and it became the most common imaging manifestation. The lesions rapidly progressed in 39 cases (75.0%) within 6-9 days after admission. On days 10-14 of admission, the lesions distinctly resolved in 40 cases (76.9%). The chest CT images of patients with COVID-19 have certain characteristics with dynamic changes, which are of value for monitoring disease progress and clinical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32482612, "pmcid": "PMC7253966", "title": "Airborne precautions are needed against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Takefuji, Yoshiyasu"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482612", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32186277, "pmcid": "PMC7096777", "title": "Rapidly increasing cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the European Union/European Economic Area and the United Kingdom, 1 January to 15 March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Kinross, Pete", "Suetens, Carl", "Gomes Dias, Joana", "Alexakis, Leonidas", "Wijermans, Ariana", "Colzani, Edoardo", "Monnet, Dominique L"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32186277", "countries": ["Italy", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The cumulative incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases is showing similar trends in European Union/European Economic Area countries and the United Kingdom confirming that, while at a different stage depending on the country, the COVID-19 pandemic is progressing rapidly in all countries. Based on the experience from Italy, countries, hospitals and intensive care units should increase their preparedness for a surge of patients with COVID-19 who will require healthcare, and in particular intensive care."}, {"pmid": 32527756, "title": "Endocrine changes in SARS-CoV-2 patients and lessons from SARS-CoV.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Agarwal, Shubham", "Agarwal, Sanjeev Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527756", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus infection outbreaks have occurred frequently in the last two decades and have led to significant mortality. Despite the focus on reducing mortality by preventing the spread of the virus, patients have died due to several other complications of the illness. The understanding of pathological mechanisms and their implications is continuously evolving. A number of symptoms occur in these patients due to the involvement of various endocrine glands. These clinical presentations went largely unnoticed during the first outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003. A few of these derangements continued during the convalescence phase and sometimes occurred after recovery. Similar pathological and biochemical changes are being reported with the novel coronavirus disease outbreak in 2020. In this review, we focus on these endocrine changes that have been reported in both SARS coronavirus and SARS coronavirus-2. As we battle the pandemic, it becomes imperative to address these underlying endocrine disturbances that are contributing towards or predicting mortality of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32505074, "pmcid": "PMC7263261", "title": "The use of aspirated consonants during speech may increase the transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Georgiou, Georgios P", "Kilani, Ahmad"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505074", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345523, "pmcid": "PMC7167557", "title": "The Shifting Landscape of Genitourinary Oncology During the COVID-19 Pandemic and how Italian Oncologists Reacted: Results from a National Survey.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Marandino, Laura", "Di Maio, Massimo", "Procopio, Giuseppe", "Cinieri, Saverio", "Beretta, Giordano Domenico", "Necchi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345523", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488896, "title": "French West Indies castaway children as a result of the covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Rambaud, J", "Flechelle, O"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488896", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I read with interest the submission of Haward et al. (1) dealing with the pediatrical ethics issues during this Covid-19 outbreak. I was particularly sensitive to the chapter dedicated to neonatal which highlighted very clearly the indirect consequences of this pandemic on the paediatric population. I would like to insist on the situation in the West Indies. The numbers of adult's vital distress sharply increase the need for intensive care beds. Even the great majority of pediatric intensive care units have provided equipment and staff to support the adult units (2)."}, {"pmid": 32336079, "title": "Medical mask or N95 respirator: When and how to use?", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Azap, Alpay", "Erdinc, Fatma Sebnem"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336079", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is now a global threat on human health reaching up to 2 million infected people all around the World. Since its first recognition in Wuhan, many topics were discussed intensively about COVID-19, both in the public and scientific community. Personal protective equipments and especially masks were among the hottest topics during this pandemic. Regardless of which mask is used, performing hand hygiene frequently with an alcohol-based hand rub or with soap and water if hands are dirty; is the most effective preventive measure for COVID-19. The type of mask used when caring for COVID-19 patients will vary according to the setting, type of personnel/person, and activity. Although the main transmission route for COVID-19 is droplets, during aerosol generating procedures airborne transmission may occur. Keeping the distancing and medical masks and eye protection during close contact efficiently protects against respiratory diseases transmitted via droplets. Airborne precautions include goggles and respiratory protection with the use of an N95 or an equivalent mask respirator to prevent airborne transmission."}, {"pmid": 32464097, "pmcid": "PMC7255347", "title": "Type I and Type III Interferons - Induction, Signaling, Evasion, and Application to Combat COVID-19.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Park, Annsea", "Iwasaki, Akiko"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464097", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Without approved antiviral therapeutics or vaccines to this ongoing global threat, type I and type III interferons (IFNs) are currently being evaluated for their efficacy. Both the role of IFNs and the use of recombinant IFNs in two related, highly pathogenic coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, have been controversial in terms of their protective effects in the host. In this review, we describe the recent progress in our understanding of both type I and type III IFN-mediated innate antiviral responses against human coronaviruses and discuss the potential use of IFNs as a treatment strategy for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32330339, "pmcid": "PMC7267325", "title": "Cutaneous manifestation of COVID-19 in images: a case report.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Avellana Moreno, R", "Estela Villa, L M", "Avellana Moreno, V", "Estela Villa, C", "Moreno Aparicio, M A", "Avellana Fontanella, J A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330339", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495921, "title": "An update on novel COVID-19 pandemic: a battle between humans and virus.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Prajapati, S", "Sharma, M", "Kumar, A", "Gupta, P", "Narasimha Kumar, G V"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495921", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the 21st century, human civilization has witnessed three major epidemics caused by Coronaviruses namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV) in 2003, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS CoV) in 2012 and 2019 novel coronavirus (2019 nCoV) or coronavirus disease (COVID 19) in 2019. Among these, COVID-19 has greater transmission and mortality rate. 2019 nCoV belongs to a large family of positive sense single-stranded RNA viruses (+ssRNA) that can be isolated in different animal species. The most communal symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, and shortness of breath during the incubation period (2-14 days) of infection. COVID-19 transmission is occurring from infected humans to close contact with one another through respiratory droplets, coughs, and sneezes of infected person. Moreover, the virus containing surfaces may also transmit the infection. Diagnosis is being carried out by collecting a nasopharyngeal swab or sputum specimen for detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Rapid diagnosing methods are also under development which can diagnose COVID 19 in few minutes to hours. Currently, there is no specific cure or preventive therapeutics available. Hence, based upon limited in-vitro and anecdotal data, Chloroquine, or Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, Lopinavir and Ritonavir are being employed in the management. Search for new specific anti-viral drugs from natural/synthetic origins is under full swing and many of them are currently used as chemotherapeutic drugs under clinical investigation. Yet, there is a strong need for development of vaccine, which may take several months to few years for the development."}, {"pmid": 32178970, "pmcid": "PMC7270568", "title": "Composition of human-specific slow codons and slow di-codons in SARS-CoV and 2019-nCoV are lower than other coronaviruses suggesting a faster protein synthesis rate of SARS-CoV and 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Yang, Chu-Wen", "Chen, Mei-Fang"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178970", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Translation of a genetic codon without a cognate tRNA gene is affected by both the cognate tRNA availability and the interaction with non-cognate isoacceptor tRNAs. Moreover, two consecutive slow codons (slow di-codons) lead to a much slower translation rate. Calculating the composition of host specific slow codons and slow di-codons in the viral protein coding sequences can predict the order of viral protein synthesis rates between different virus strains. Comparison of human-specific slow codon and slow di-codon compositions in the genomes of 590 coronaviruses infect humans revealed that the protein synthetic rates of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (SARS-CoV) may be much faster than other coronaviruses infect humans. Analysis of host-specific slow codon and di-codon compositions provides links between viral genomic sequences and capability of virus replication in host cells that may be useful for surveillance of the transmission potential of novel viruses."}, {"pmid": 32372270, "pmcid": "PMC7199867", "title": "Three further ways that the COVID-19 pandemic will affect health outcomes.", "journal": "Int J Public Health", "authors": ["Watkins, Johnathan", "Wulaningsih, Wahyu"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372270", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276051, "pmcid": "PMC7144851", "title": "Development of Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays Targeting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "J Mol Diagn", "authors": ["Park, Gun-Soo", "Ku, Keunbon", "Baek, Seung-Hwa", "Kim, Seong-Jun", "Kim, Seung Il", "Kim, Bum-Tae", "Maeng, Jin-Soo"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276051", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic now has >2,000,000 confirmed cases worldwide. COVID-19 is currently diagnosed using quantitative RT-PCR methods, but the capacity of quantitative RT-PCR methods is limited by their requirement of high-level facilities and instruments. We developed and evaluated reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assays to detect genomic RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus of COVID-19. RT-LAMP assays reported in this study can detect as low as 100 copies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Cross-reactivity of RT-LAMP assays to other human coronaviruses was not observed. A colorimetric detection method was adapted for this RT-LAMP assay\u00a0to enable\u00a0higher throughput."}, {"pmid": 32503605, "pmcid": "PMC7274511", "title": "How COVID-19 pandemic changed our communication with families: losing nonverbal cues.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Marra, Annachiara", "Buonanno, Pasquale", "Vargas, Maria", "Iacovazzo, Carmine", "Ely, Eugene Wesley", "Servillo, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503605", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474933, "title": "Rapid publishing in the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Talley, Nicholas J"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474933", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531807, "title": "Diabetic foot ulceration in COVID-19 lockdown: cause for concern or unexpected benefit?", "journal": "Diabet Med", "authors": ["Lipscomb, D", "Smith, A S", "Adamson, S", "Rezazadeh, E M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531807", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 23 March 2020 the United Kingdom went into lockdown to reduce transmission of COVID-19. In order to focus on acute care capacity and maintain social distancing, there was simultaneous widespread change in the depth and breadth of National Health Service (NHS) services and a reduction in preventative care for people with diabetes [1]. We are aware of numerous mainstream media reports of reductions in the numbers of people seeking care for non-COVID emergencies and a reported reduction in referrals for suspected malignancy."}, {"pmid": 32339235, "pmcid": "PMC7197582", "title": "A Quantitative Framework for Modeling COVID-19 Risk During Adjuvant Therapy Using Published Randomized Trials of Glioblastoma in the Elderly.", "journal": "Neuro Oncol", "authors": ["Tabrizi, Shervin", "Trippa, Lorenzo", "Cagney, Daniel", "Tanguturi, Shyam", "Ventz, Steffen", "Fell, Geoffrey", "Wen, Patrick Y", "Alexander, Brian M", "Rahman, Rifaquat"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339235", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, contact with the healthcare system for cancer treatment can increase risk of infection and associated mortality. Treatment recommendations must consider this risk for elderly and vulnerable cancer patients. We re-analyzed trials in elderly glioblastoma (GBM) patients, incorporating COVID-19 risk, in order to provide a quantitative framework for comparing different radiation (RT) fractionation schedules on patient outcomes. We extracted individual patient-level data (IPLD) for 1,321 patients from Kaplan-Meier curves from five randomized trials on treatment of elderly GBM patients including available subanalyses based on MGMT methylation status. We simulated trial data with incorporation of COVID-19 associated mortality risk in several scenarios (low, medium, and high infection and mortality risks). Median overall survival and hazard ratios were calculated for each simulation replicate. Our simulations reveal how COVID-19-associated risks affect survival under different treatment regimens. Hypofractionated RT with concurrent and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) demonstrated the best outcomes in low and medium risk scenarios. In frail elderly patients, shorter courses of RT are preferable. In patients with methylated MGMT receiving single modality treatment, TMZ-alone treatment approaches may be an option in settings with high COVID-19-associated risk. Incorporation of COVID-19-associated risk models into analysis of randomized trials can help guide clinical decisions during this pandemic. In elderly GBM patients, our results support prioritization of hypofractionated RT and highlight the utility of MGMT methylation status in decision-making in pandemic scenarios. Our quantitative framework can serve as a model for assessing COVID-19 risk associated with treatment across neuro-oncology."}, {"pmid": 32473682, "pmcid": "PMC7255715", "title": "COVID-19 mortality in patients with cancer on chemotherapy or other anticancer treatments: a prospective cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Lee, Lennard Y W", "Cazier, Jean Baptiste", "Starkey, T", "Turnbull, C D", "Kerr, Rachel", "Middleton, Gary"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473682", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Individuals with cancer, particularly those who are receiving systemic anticancer treatments, have been postulated to be at increased risk of mortality from COVID-19. This conjecture has considerable effect on the treatment of patients with cancer and data from large, multicentre studies to support this assumption are scarce because of the contingencies of the pandemic. We aimed to describe the clinical and demographic characteristics and COVID-19 outcomes in patients with cancer. In this prospective observational study, all patients with active cancer and presenting to our network of cancer centres were eligible for enrolment into the UK Coronavirus Cancer Monitoring Project (UKCCMP). The UKCCMP is the first COVID-19 clinical registry that enables near real-time reports to frontline doctors about the effects of COVID-19 on patients with cancer. Eligible patients tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on RT-PCR assay from a nose or throat swab. We excluded patients with a radiological or clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, without a positive RT-PCR test. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, or discharge from hospital, as assessed by the reporting sites during the patient hospital admission. From March 18, to April 26, 2020, we analysed 800 patients with a diagnosis of cancer and symptomatic COVID-19. 412 (52%) patients had a mild COVID-19 disease course. 226 (28%) patients died and risk of death was significantly associated with advancing patient age (odds ratio 9\u00b742 [95% CI 6\u00b756-10\u00b702]; p<0\u00b70001), being male (1\u00b767 [1\u00b719-2\u00b734]; p=0\u00b7003), and the presence of other comorbidities such as hypertension (1\u00b795 [1\u00b736-2\u00b780]; p<0\u00b7001) and cardiovascular disease (2\u00b732 [1\u00b747-3\u00b764]). 281 (35%) patients had received cytotoxic chemotherapy within 4 weeks before testing positive for COVID-19. After adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities, chemotherapy in the past 4 weeks had no significant effect on mortality from COVID-19 disease, when compared with patients with cancer who had not received recent chemotherapy (1\u00b718 [0\u00b781-1\u00b772]; p=0\u00b7380). We found no significant effect on mortality for patients with immunotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy use within the past 4 weeks. Mortality from COVID-19 in cancer patients appears to be principally driven by age, gender, and comorbidities. We are not able to identify evidence that cancer patients on cytotoxic chemotherapy or other anticancer treatment are at an increased risk of mortality from COVID-19 disease compared with those not on active treatment. University of Birmingham, University of Oxford."}, {"pmid": 32445664, "pmcid": "PMC7239020", "title": "COVID-19 as a cause of immune thrombocytopenia.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Humbert, S", "Razanamahery, J", "Payet-Revest, C", "Bouiller, K", "Chirouze, C"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445664", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294285, "pmcid": "PMC7262073", "title": "Liver impairment associated with disease progression in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Chen, Peng", "Lei, Jiexin", "Wu, Yue", "Liu, Gang", "Zhou, Benhong"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294285", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with great interest the study by YF Zhang et al [1] . The authors found that abnormalities of liver function tests are common in COVID-19 patients, but the clinically significant liver dysfunction in COVID-19 was not a prominent feature of this illness and also may not have serious clinical consequences. This study is important and interesting; however, we still have some concerns about it."}, {"pmid": 32217658, "pmcid": "PMC7098484", "title": "Strategies for the prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Guan, Wei-Jie", "Chen, Rong-Chang", "Zhong, Nan-Shan"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217658", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286121, "title": "COVID-19: Driving while looking in the rear-view mirror.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Ashton, John"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286121", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302706, "pmcid": "PMC7194807", "title": "Physiological and pathological regulation of ACE2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Li, Yanwei", "Zhou, Wei", "Yang, Li", "You, Ran"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302706", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is crucial for the physiology and pathology of all the organs. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) maintains the homeostasis of RAS as a negative regulator. Recently, ACE2 was identified as the receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the coronavirus that is causing the pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Since SARS-CoV-2 must bind with ACE2 before entering the host cells in humans, the distribution and expression of ACE2 may be critical for the target organ of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, accumulating evidence has demonstrated the implication of ACE2 in the pathological progression in tissue injury and several chronic diseases, ACE2 may also be essential in the progression and clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Therefore, we summarized the expression and activity of ACE2 in various physiological and pathological conditions, and discussed its potential implication in the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the progression and prognosis of COVID-19 patients in the current review."}, {"pmid": 32490559, "title": "Supporting individuals with intellectual and developmental disability during the first 100 days of the COVID-19 outbreak in the USA.", "journal": "J Intellect Disabil Res", "authors": ["Mills, W R", "Sender, S", "Lichtefeld, J", "Romano, N", "Reynolds, K", "Price, M", "Phipps, J", "White, L", "Howard, S", "Poltavski, D", "Barnes, R"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490559", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is unknown how the novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the cause of the current acute respiratory illness COVID-19 pandemic that has infected millions of people, affects people with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD). The aim of this study is to describe how individuals with IDD have been affected in the first 100\u00a0days of the COVID-19 pandemic. Shortly after the first COVID-19 case was reported in the USA, our organisation, which provides continuous support for over 11\u00a0000 individuals with IDD, assembled an outbreak committee composed of senior leaders from across the health care organisation. The committee led the development and deployment of a comprehensive COVID-19 prevention and suppression strategy, utilising current evidence-based practice, while surveilling the global and local situation daily. We implemented enhanced infection control procedures across 2400 homes, which were communicated to our employees using multi-faceted channels including an electronic resource library, mobile and web applications, paper postings in locations, live webinars and direct mail. Using custom-built software applications enabling us to track patient, client and employee cases and exposures, we leveraged current public health recommendations to identify cases and to suppress transmission, which included the use of personal protective equipment. A COVID-19 case was defined as a positive nucleic acid test for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. In the 100-day period between 20 January 2020 and 30 April 2020, we provided continuous support for 11\u00a0540 individuals with IDD. Sixty-four per cent of the individuals were in residential, community settings, and 36% were in intermediate care facilities. The average age of the cohort was 46\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012\u00a0years, and 60% were male. One hundred twenty-two individuals with IDD were placed in quarantine for exhibiting symptoms and signs of acute infection such as fever or cough. Sixty-six individuals tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, and their average age was 50. The positive individuals were located in 30 different homes (1.3% of total) across 14 states. Fifteen homes have had single cases, and 15 have had more than one case. Fifteen COVID-19-positive individuals were hospitalised. As of 30 April, seven of the individuals hospitalised have been discharged back to home and are recovering. Five remain hospitalised, with three improving and two remaining in intensive care and on mechanical ventilation. There have been three deaths. We found that among COVID-19-positive individuals with IDD, a higher number of chronic medical conditions and male sex were characteristics associated with a greater likelihood of hospitalisation. In the first 100\u00a0days of the COVID-19 outbreak in the USA, we observed that people with IDD living in congregate care settings can benefit from a coordinated approach to infection control, case identification and cohorting, as evidenced by the low relative case rate reported. Male individuals with higher numbers of chronic medical conditions were more likely to be hospitalised, while most younger, less chronically ill individuals recovered spontaneously at home."}, {"pmid": 32302283, "pmcid": "PMC7234699", "title": "Paradigm Shift for COVID-19 Response: Identifying High-risk Individuals and Treating Inflammation.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Kivela, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302283", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360509, "pmcid": "PMC7187861", "title": "What evidence-based medicine researchers can do to help clinicians fighting COVID-19?", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Ruano, Juan", "Gomez-Garcia, Francisco", "Pieper, Dawid", "Puljak, Livia"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360509", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393819, "title": "COVID-19 outcomes and the human genome.", "journal": "Genet Med", "authors": ["Murray, Michael F", "Kenny, Eimear E", "Ritchie, Marylyn D", "Rader, Daniel J", "Bale, Allen E", "Giovanni, Monica A", "Abul-Husn, Noura S"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393819", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496864, "title": "Incarceration And Its Disseminations: COVID-19 Pandemic Lessons From Chicago's Cook County Jail.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Reinhart, Eric", "Chen, Daniel"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496864", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Jails and prisons are major sites of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Many jurisdictions in the United States have therefore accelerated release of low-risk offenders. Early release, however, does not address how arrest and pre-trial detention practices may be contributing to disease spread. Using data from Cook County Jail, in Chicago, Illinois, one of the largest known nodes of SARS-CoV-2 spread, we analyze the relationship between jailing practices and community infections at the zip-code level. We find that jail cycling is a significant predictor of SARS-CoV-2 infection, accounting for 55\u00a0percent of the variance in case rates across zip codes in Chicago and 37\u00a0percent in Illinois. By comparison, jail cycling far exceeds race, poverty, public transit utilization, and population density as a predictor of variance. The data suggest that cycling through Cook County Jail alone is associated with 15.7\u00a0percent of all documented novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Illinois and 15.9\u00a0percent in Chicago as of April 19, 2020. Our findings support arguments for reduced reliance on incarceration and for related justice reforms both as emergency measures during the present pandemic and as sustained structural changes vital for future pandemic preparedness and public health. [Editor's Note: This Fast Track Ahead Of Print article is the accepted version of the peer-reviewed manuscript. The final edited version will appear in an upcoming issue of Health Affairs.]."}, {"pmid": 32454500, "title": "Extracorporeal Blood Purification and Organ Support in the Critically Ill Patient during COVID-19 Pandemic: Expert Review and Recommendation.", "journal": "Blood Purif", "authors": ["Ronco, Claudio", "Bagshaw, Sean M", "Bellomo, Rinaldo", "Clark, William R", "Husain-Syed, Faeq", "Kellum, John A", "Ricci, Zaccaria", "Rimmele, Thomas", "Reis, Thiago", "Ostermann, Marlies"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454500", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Critically ill COVID-19 patients are generally admitted to the ICU for respiratory insufficiency which can evolve into a multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome requiring extracorporeal organ support. Ongoing advances in technology and science and progress in information technology support the development of integrated multi-organ support platforms for personalized treatment according to the changing needs of the patient. Based on pathophysiological derangements observed in COVID-19 patients, a rationale emerges for sequential extracorporeal therapies designed to remove inflammatory mediators and support different organ systems. In the absence of vaccines or direct therapy for COVID-19, extracorporeal therapies could represent an option to prevent organ failure and improve survival. The enormous demand in care for COVID-19 patients requires an immediate response from the scientific community. Thus, a detailed review of the available technology is provided by experts followed by a series of recommendation based on current experience and opinions, while waiting for generation of robust evidence from trials."}, {"pmid": 32328850, "pmcid": "PMC7178925", "title": "Analysis of the susceptibility to COVID-19 in pregnancy and recommendations on potential drug screening.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Xiaoxuan", "Jiang, Yuepeng", "Zhao, Yang", "Xi, Hongyan", "Liu, Chang", "Qu, Fan", "Feng, Xiaoling"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328850", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy and the drugs that can be used to treat pregnancy with COVID-19, so as to provide evidence for drug selection in clinic. By reviewing the existing literature, this paper analyzes the susceptibility of pregnant women to virus, especially to SARS-CoV-2, from the aspects of anatomical, reproductive endocrine and immune changes during pregnancy and screens effective and fetal-safe treatments from the existing drugs. The anatomical structure of the respiratory system is changed during pregnancy, and the virus transmitted by droplets and aerosols is more easily inhaled by pregnant women and is difficult to remove. Furthermore, the prognosis is worse after infection when compared with non-pregnancy women. And changes in reproductive hormones and immune systems during pregnancy collectively make them more susceptible to certain infections. More importantly, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, has been proven highly increased during pregnancy, which may contribute to the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. When it comes to treatment, specific drugs for COVID-19 have not been found at present, and taking old drugs for new use in treating COVID-19 has become an emergency method for the pandemic. Particularly, drugs that show superior maternal and fetal safety are worthy of consideration for pregnant women with COVID-19, such as chloroquine, metformin, statins, lobinavir/ritonavir, glycyrrhizic acid, and nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery (NMDD), etc. Pregnant women are susceptible to COVID-19, and special attention should be paid to the selection of drugs that are both effective for maternal diseases and friendly to the fetus. However, there are still many deficiencies in the study of drug safety during pregnancy, and broad-spectrum, effective and fetal-safe drugs for pregnant women need to be developed so as to cope with more infectious diseases in the future."}, {"pmid": 32387062, "pmcid": "PMC7181988", "title": "[SARS-CoV-2 and cancer in France: Resident in oncology on the front line. Testimony of residents in oncology in two French clusters: Grand-Est and Ile-de-France].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Delaye, Matthieu", "Naoun, Natacha", "Mailly-Giacchetti, Leah"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387062", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304251, "pmcid": "PMC7264672", "title": "Susceptibility of Southwestern American Indian Tribes to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Kakol, Monika", "Upson, Dona", "Sood, Akshay"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394480, "pmcid": "PMC7272998", "title": "Care of patients with hemoglobin disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic: An overview of recommendations.", "journal": "Am J Hematol", "authors": ["Taher, Ali T", "Bou-Fakhredin, Rayan", "Kreidieh, Firas", "Motta, Irene", "De Franceschi, Lucia", "Cappellini, Maria Domenica"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394480", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439872, "title": "Low- and middle-income countries face up to COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Shuchman, Miriam"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439872", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319882, "title": "Ramadan coincides with the Covid-19 pandemic: What should be done?", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Hosseini Zijoud, Seyed Reza", "Jalali Farahani, Alireza"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358978, "pmcid": "PMC7267407", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: University of Naples Federico II Dermatology's model of dermatology reorganization.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Patri, Angela", "Gallo, Lucia", "Annunziata, Maria C", "Megna, Matteo", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358978", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289466, "pmcid": "PMC7194535", "title": "The evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection on ocular surface.", "journal": "Ocul Surf", "authors": ["Zhang, Xian", "Chen, Xuhui", "Chen, Liwen", "Deng, Chaohua", "Zou, Xiaojing", "Liu, Weiyong", "Yu, Huimin", "Chen, Bo", "Sun, Xufang"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289466", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a cross-sectional study of patients who received a COVID-19 diagnosis between December 30, 2019 and February 7, 2020 at Tongji Hospital. A total of 102 patients (48 Male [47%] and 54 Female [53%]) with clinical symptoms, Rt, and chest Computed Tomography (CT) abnormalities were identified with a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. Patients had a mean [SD] gestational age of 57.63 [14.90] years. Of a total of 102 patients identified, 72 patients (36 men [50%] and 36 women [50%]; mean [SD] age, 58.68 [14.81] years) were confirmed to have COVID-19 by laboratory diagnosis with a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay. Only two patients (2.78%) with conjunctivitis were identified from 72 patients with a laboratory confirmed COVID-19. Of those two patients, SARS-CoV-2 RNA fragments were found in ocular discharges by SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR in only one patient. Our findings suspect the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection through the ocular surface is extremely low, while the nosocomial infection of SARS-CoV-2 through the eyes after occupational exposure is a potential route. To lower the SARS-CoV-2 nosocomial infection, all health care professionals should wear protective goggles. The inefficient diagnostic method and the sampling time lag may contribute to the lower positive rate of conjunctival swab samples of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32462666, "title": "The association between laryngopharyngeal reflux and COVID-19 is still not demonstrated.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Bartaire, Emmanuel", "Bobin, Francois", "Hans, Stephane", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462666", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507122, "title": "Feedback to Prepare EMS Teams to Manage Infected Patients with COVID-19: A Case Series.", "journal": "Prehosp Disaster Med", "authors": ["Ghazali, Daniel Aiham", "Ouersighni, Amina", "Gay, Matthieu", "Audebault, Virginie", "Pavlovsky, Thomas", "Casalino, Enrique"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507122", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a new respiratory disease, is spreading globally. In France, Emergency Medical Service (EMS) teams are mobile medicalized resuscitation teams composed of emergency physician, nurse or anesthesiologist nurse, ambulance driver, and resident. Four types of clinical cases are presented here because they have led these EMS teams to change practices in their management of patients suspected of COVID-19 infection: cardiac arrest, hypoxia on an acute pneumonia, acute chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation with respiratory and hemodynamic disorders, and upper function disorders in a patient in a long-term care facility. The last case raised the question of COVID-19 cases with atypical forms in elderly subjects. Providers were contaminated during the management of these patients. These cases highlighted the need to review the way these EMS teams are responding to the COVID-19 pandemic, in view of heightening potential for early identification of suspicious cases, and of reinforcing the application of staff protection equipment to limit risk of contamination."}, {"pmid": 32335177, "pmcid": "PMC7179502", "title": "The economics of infection prevention: why it is crucial to invest in hand hygiene and nurses during the novel coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Peters, Alexandra", "Lotfinejad, Nasim", "Simniceanu, Alice", "Pittet, Didier"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335177", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530494, "title": "Clinical outcomes of 402 patients with COVID-2019 from a single center in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wu, Yingjie", "Guo, Wei", "Liu, Huan", "Qi, Bei", "Liang, Ke", "Xu, Haibo", "Peng, Zhiyong", "Xiao, Shu-Yuan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530494", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has become a pandemic with significant mortality. Published studies describing clinical characteristics of the disease contain small cohorts from individual centers or larger series consisting of mixed series from multiple different hospitals. We report here analyses of mortality and disease severity among 402 patients from a single hospital. The cohort includes 297 patients with confirmed and 105 with clinical diagnosis. The latter group consists of cases with inconclusive nucleic acid test but meeting the criteria for clinical diagnosis. Data are compared between genders and among different age groups. The overall case fatality is 5.2%. However, age at 70 years or older is associated with a significantly higher mortality (17.8%) and higher rate of severe and critical illness (57.5%). Case fatality is 8% in patients 50 years of age or older, and 1.2% in those younger than 50 years. In addition, case fatality is 7.6% in male patients, as opposed to 2.9% in females, demonstrating a clear gender difference. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32433946, "pmcid": "PMC7236739", "title": "Herd Immunity: Understanding COVID-19.", "journal": "Immunity", "authors": ["Randolph, Haley E", "Barreiro, Luis B"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433946", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated disease, COVID-19, has demonstrated the devastating impact of a novel, infectious pathogen on a susceptible population. Here, we explain the basic concepts of herd immunity and discuss its implications in the context of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32312734, "title": "Covid-19: Experts question guidance to reuse PPE.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312734", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470231, "title": "Community Mental Health Care in the COVID-19 Response: An Italian Example.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Caroppo, Emanuele", "Lega, Ilaria", "Cognetti, Danilo", "Rotunno, Vittoria"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470231", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249952, "title": "An analysis of spatiotemporal pattern for COIVD-19 in China based on space-time cube.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Mo, Chunbao", "Tan, Dechan", "Mai, Tingyu", "Bei, Chunhua", "Qin, Jian", "Pang, Weiyi", "Zhang, Zhiyong"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249952", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study seeks to examine and analyze the spatial and temporal patterns of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreaks and identify the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics and changing trends of cases. Hence, local outlier analysis and emerging spatiotemporal hot spot analysis were performed to analyze the spatiotemporal clustering pattern and cold/hot spot trends of COVID-19 cases based on space-time cube during the period from 23 January 2020 to 24 February 2020. The main findings are as follows: (1) The outbreak had spread rapidly throughout the country within a short time and the current totality incidence rate has decreased. (2) The spatiotemporal distribution of cases was uneven. In terms of the spatiotemporal clustering pattern, Wuhan and Shiyan city were the center as both cities had high-high clustering pattern with a surrounding unstable multiple-type pattern in partial areas of Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, and Hunan provinces, and Chongqing city. Those regions are continuously in the hot spot on the spatiotemporal tendency. (3) The spatiotemporal analysis technology based on the space-time cube can analyze comprehensively the spatiotemporal pattern of epidemiological data and produce a visual output of the consequences, which can reflect intuitively the distribution and trend of data in space-time. Therefore, the Chinese government should strengthen the prevention and control efforts in a targeted manner to cope with a highly changeable situation."}, {"pmid": 32322036, "title": "Why the World Bank ex-chief is on a mission to end coronavirus transmission.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322036", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429769, "title": "Evidence of a Rapid Shift in Outpatient Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic Using Telemedicine.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Punia, Vineet", "Nasr, Gaelle", "Zagorski, Victoria", "Lawrence, George", "Fesler, Jessica", "Nair, Dileep", "Najm, Imad"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429769", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    \n                        Introduction:\n                    \n                    During the current pandemic, measures for preventing SARS-CoV-2 virus exposure has severely impacted the delivery of outpatient clinical care to patients with a chronic neurological condition. Telemedicine has emerged as an obvious choice to counter these impediments. However, its potential for maintaining outpatient care at pre-pandemic levels during these rapidly changing times is untested. Therefore, we analyzed our experience in a tertiary care epilepsy center.\n                    \n                        Methods:\n                    \n                    We divided the study period from March 1, 2020 to April 15, 2020 into a baseline, transition (to telemedicine), and current phase. We divided outpatient encounters into clinic, virtual (using Cleveland Clinic Express Care Online platform), and telephone (including commercial video conferencing platforms).\n                    \n                        Results:\n                    \n                    Completed outpatient visits during baseline and current period were 595 and 590, respectively. Nearly 1 out of 4 patients missed outpatient visits during the transition period. The virtual visits accounted for 19.7% of completed visits during baseline and increased to 66.8% during the current period. There were no telephone visits during the baseline phase but accounted for 26.1% of completed visits during the current phase. Less than 1 percent of completed visits in the current phase were in the clinic.\n                    \n                        Conclusion:\n                    \n                    We provide evidence that telemedicine's robust and rapid scalability can help maintain a seamless transition of outpatient care during the pandemic.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32268020, "title": "\"We Signed Up for This!\" - Student and Trainee Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Gallagher, Thomas H", "Schleyer, Anneliese M"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268020", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530893, "title": "Terminology, communication, and information systems in nonoperating room anaesthesia in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Curr Opin Anaesthesiol", "authors": ["Jelly, Christina A", "Ende, Holly", "Freundlich, Robert E"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530893", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nonoperating room anaesthesia (NORA) is a rapidly growing and important area of anaesthesia care. We would contend that anaesthesia informatics principles and innovations that have been widely applied in numerous diverse domains could be successfully applied in NORA environments, resulting in significant improvements in anaesthesia care delivery. We highlight key recent studies from the perioperative and informatics literature, placing each in the context of how it has, or how it may conceivably be applied to, improved NORA care. There is significant opportunity for anaesthesiologists and clinical informaticians to collaborate and apply major advances in the perioperative informatics field to NORA environments, particularly given rapid recent changes in the field during the COVID-19 epidemic. Given the complexity of NORA patients and care delivered in NORA environments, applied clinical informatics has the potential to drastically improve care delivered."}, {"pmid": 32498142, "title": "Airborne SARS-CoV-2: Weighing the Evidence for Its Role in Community Transmission.", "journal": "J Prev Med Public Health", "authors": ["Pecho-Silva, Samuel", "Arteaga-Livias, Kovy", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498142", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255475, "pmcid": "PMC7184462", "title": "Denominator matters in estimating COVID-19 mortality rates.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Gaye, Bamba", "Fanidi, Anouar", "Jouven, Xavier"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255475", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501426, "pmcid": "PMC7240254", "title": "Sample sizes for surveillance of S. aureus transmission to monitor effectiveness and provide feedback on intraoperative infection control including for COVID-19.", "journal": "Perioper Care Oper Room Manag", "authors": ["Dexter, Franklin", "Ledolter, Johannes", "Wall, Russell T", "Datta, Subhradeep", "Loftus, Randy W"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501426", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reductions in perioperative surgical site infections are obtained by a multifaceted approach including patient decolonization, hand hygiene, and hub disinfection, and environmental cleaning. Associated surveillance of S. aureus transmission quantifies the effectiveness of the basic measures to prevent the transmission to patients and clinicians of pathogenic bacteria and viruses, including Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). To measure transmission, the observational units are pairs of successive surgical cases in the same operating room on the same day. We evaluated appropriate sample sizes and strategies for measuring transmission. There was absence of serial correlation among observed counts of transmitted isolates within each of several periods (all P \u2265.18). Similarly, observing transmission within or between cases of a pair did not increase the probability that the next sampled pair of cases also had observed transmission (all P \u2265.23). Most pairs of cases had no detected transmitted isolates. Also, although transmission (yes/no) was associated with surgical site infection (P =.004), among cases with transmission, there was no detected dose response between counts of transmitted isolates and probability of infection (P =.25). The first of a fixed series of tests is to use the binomial test to compare the proportion of pairs of cases with S. aureus transmission to an acceptable threshold. An appropriate sample size for this screening is N =25 pairs. If significant, more samples are obtained while additional measures are implemented to reduce transmission and infections. Subsequent sampling is done to evaluate effectiveness. The two independent binomial proportions are compared using Boschloo's exact test. The total sample size for the 1st and 2nd stage is N =100 pairs. Because S. aureus transmission is invisible without testing, when choosing what population(s) to screen for surveillance, another endpoint needs to be used (e.g., infections). Only 10/298 combinations of specialty and operating room were relatively common (\u22651.0% of cases) and had expected incidence \u22650.20 infections per 8 hours of sampled cases. The 10 combinations encompassed \u224517% of cases, showing the value of targeting surveillance of transmission to a few combinations of specialties and rooms. In conclusion, we created a sampling protocol and appropriate sample sizes for using S. aureus transmission within and between pairs of successive cases in the same operating room, the purpose being to monitor the quality of prevention of intraoperative spread of pathogenic bacteria and viruses."}, {"pmid": 32518071, "title": "Evaluation of COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test from Orient Gene Biotech.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Delliere, Sarah", "Salmona, Maud", "Minier, Marine", "Gabassi, Audrey", "Alanio, Alexandre", "Le Goff, Jerome", "Delaugerre, Constance", "Chaix, Marie-Laure"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518071", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the COVID-19 pandemic has peaked in many countries already, the current challenge is to assess population immunity on large scale. Many serological tests are available and require urgent independent validation. Here we report performance characteristics of Orient Gene (OG) COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test Cassette compare it Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG immunoassay (ASIA). Patients (n=102) with a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR were tested. They were asymptomatic (n=2), had mild (n=37) or severe symptoms requiring hospitalization in medical (n=35) or intensive care unit (n=28). Specificity was evaluated on 42 patients with previous viral and parasitic diseases as well as high level of rheumatic factor. Sensitivity of OG was 95.8% (CI95% 89.6-98.8) for samples collected \u226510 days after onset of symptoms which was equivalent to sensitivity of ASIA of 90.5% (IC95% 82.8-95.6). OG uncovered 6 false negative of ASIA, of which two had only IgM with OG. Specificity was 100% (CI95% 93.4-100) with both tests on samples including patients infected with endemic coronavirus. Overall, OG performance characteristics indicate that the test is suitable for routine use in clinical laboratories and performance is equivalent to immunoassay. Testing OG on a larger asymptomatic population may be needed to confirm these results."}, {"pmid": 32515388, "title": "COVID-19: Management.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Mahmud, Talha", "Ansarie, Mosavir"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515388", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has grasped the world including Pakistan. Clinical features of this disease are variable, ranging from asymptomatic to critical disease. In this unprecedented global war, the Pakistan Chest Society has written a guideline for quick review for the specialists providing care to suspected or confirmed patients. This review highlights the approach to a patient with COVID-19, including definition of the various syndromes of the disease, the abnormal laboratory parameters and outlines the therapeutic measures which are currently under investigation."}, {"pmid": 32518457, "pmcid": "PMC7270492", "title": "A strange new world.", "journal": "New Sci", "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518457", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus may be upending our lives, but we aren't helpless against it."}, {"pmid": 32240961, "pmcid": "PMC7270579", "title": "Routine childhood immunization may protect against COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Salman, Samar", "Salem, Mohamed Labib"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240961", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454983, "pmcid": "PMC7237800", "title": "Sterilization plan of the used metered dose inhalers (MDI) to avoid wastage amid COVID-19 pandemic drug shortage.", "journal": "J Pharm Policy Pract", "authors": ["Elbeddini, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454983", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Coronavirus is causing a shortage of critical inhalers needed by patients with Asthma and respiratory illness. Patients with Asthma are at higher risk if they tract the novel Coronavirus. As the coronavirus continues to spread, hospitals are turning to use more salbutamol MDI. Salbutamol MDI has become the line of defence for physicians in the emergency room who are treating patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and have respiratory distress .[Hui et al 2020 ,and Center for Drug Evaluation and Research 2020] During the COVID pandemic, there has been a drastic increase in the use of MDI inhalers; therefore, it led to a decrease in availability and a break in the supply chain. Patients with Asthma are at higher risk if they tract the novel Coronavirus, and an inhaler could be a life or death for them. As the coronavirus continues to spread, hospitals are turning to use more salbutamol Metered Dose inhaler (MDI). Salbutamol MDI is now on short supply as the COVID-19 continues to spread. Salbutamol MDI has become the line of defence for physicians in the emergency room who are treating patients with COVID-19 and have respiratory distress. The current shortage of salbutamol MDI could be a result of stockpiling and hoarding of this life-saving inhaler. That had led to a critical shortage of Salbutamol MDI, and even the case shortage continues with some other alternatives such as Ipratropium MDI and even with long-acting B-agonists such as Salmeterol and Formoterol which also starting to have a limitation on ordering these agents. Coronavirus sparks fear of medication shortage. Coronavirus panic-buying also may have led to a shortage of critical inhalers. We have also got elderly patients with COPD who may need Ventolin MDI and also premature babies who may have caught Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and need salbutamol MDI to support their lungs have since been compromised, and they rely heavily on Asthma inhalers. Finding a safe and creative strategy is essential during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32473012, "title": "Response to Malkovsky.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zeng, Qing-Lei", "Ji, Fanpu", "Zhang, Ji-Yuan"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473012", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459701, "title": "Symptoms and Critical Illness Among Obstetric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Andrikopoulou, Maria", "Madden, Nigel", "Wen, Timothy", "Aubey, Janice J", "Aziz, Aleha", "Baptiste, Caitlin D", "Breslin, Noelle", "D'Alton, Mary E", "Fuchs, Karin M", "Goffman, Dena", "Gyamfi-Bannerman, Cynthia", "Matseoane-Peterssen, Dara N", "Miller, Russell S", "Sheen, Jean-Ju", "Simpson, Lynn L", "Sutton, Desmond", "Zork, Noelia", "Friedman, Alexander M"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459701", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To characterize symptoms and disease severity among pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, along with laboratory findings, imaging, and clinical outcomes. Pregnant women with COVID-19 infection were identified at two affiliated hospitals in New York City from March 13 to April 19, 2020, for this case series study. Women were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection based on either universal testing on admission or testing because of COVID-19-related symptoms. Disease was classified as either 1) asymptomatic or mild or 2) moderate or severe based on dyspnea, tachypnea, or hypoxia. Clinical and demographic risk factors for moderate or severe disease were analyzed and calculated as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs. Laboratory findings and associated symptoms were compared between those with mild or asymptomatic and moderate or severe disease. The clinical courses and associated complications of women hospitalized with moderate and severe disease are described. Of 158 pregnant women with COVID-19 infection, 124 (78%) had mild or asymptomatic disease and 34 (22%) had moderate or severe disease. Of 15 hospitalized women with moderate or severe disease, 10 received respiratory support with supplemental oxygen and one required intubation. Women with moderate or severe disease had a higher likelihood of having an underlying medical comorbidity (50% vs 27%, OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.26-6.02). Asthma was more common among those with moderate or severe disease (24% vs 8%, OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.26-9.75). Women with moderate or severe disease were significantly more likely to have leukopenia and elevated aspartate transaminase and ferritin. Women with moderate or severe disease were at significantly higher risk for cough and chest pain and pressure. Nine women received ICU or step-down-level care, including four for 9 days or longer. Two women underwent preterm delivery because their clinical status deteriorated. One in five pregnant women who contracted COVID-19 infection developed moderate or severe disease, including a small proportion with prolonged critical illness who received ICU or step-down-level care."}, {"pmid": 32397911, "pmcid": "PMC7222554", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: an overview of epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and potential vaccines and therapeutics.", "journal": "Ther Deliv", "authors": ["Amawi, Haneen", "Abu Deiab, Ghina'a I", "A Aljabali, Alaa A", "Dua, Kamal", "Tambuwala, Murtaza M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397911", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the time of writing this review, severe acute respiratory coronavirus syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 2,355,853 patients and resulted in more than 164,656 deaths worldwide (as of 20 April 2020). This review highlights the preventive measures, available clinical therapies and the potential of vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 by taking into consideration the strong genetic similarities of the 2003 epidemic SARS-CoV. Recent studies are investigating the repurposing of US FDA-approved drugs as there is no available vaccine yet with many attempts under clinical evaluation. Several antivirals, antimalarials and immunomodulators that have shown activity against SARS-CoV and Middle East coronavirus respiratory syndromes are being evaluated. In particular, hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir, arbidol, tocilizumab and bevacizumab have shown promising results. The main aim of this review is to provide an overview of this pandemic and where we currently stand."}, {"pmid": 32443538, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 in Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Summary of Current Guidelines.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Narang, Kavita", "Ibirogba, Eniola R", "Elrefaei, Amro", "Trad, Ayssa Teles Abrao", "Theiler, Regan", "Nomura, Roseli", "Picone, Olivier", "Kilby, Mark", "Escuriet, Ramon", "Suy, Anna", "Carreras, Elena", "Tonni, Gabriele", "Ruano, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the declaration of the global pandemic of COVID-19 by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020, we have continued to see a steady rise in the number of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. However, there is still very limited data on the course and outcomes of this serious infection in a vulnerable population of pregnant patients and their fetuses. International perinatal societies and institutions including SMFM, ACOG, RCOG, ISUOG, CDC, CNGOF, ISS/SIEOG, and CatSalut have released guidelines for the care of these patients. We aim to summarize these current guidelines in a comprehensive review for patients, healthcare workers, and healthcare institutions. We included 15 papers from 10 societies through a literature search of direct review of society's websites and their journal publications up till 20 April 2020. Recommendations specific to antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum were abstracted from the publications and summarized into Tables. The summary of guidelines for the management of COVID-19 in pregnancy across different perinatal societies is fairly consistent, with some variation in the strength of recommendations. It is important to recognize that these guidelines are frequently updated, as we continue to learn more about the course and impact of COVID-19 in pregnancy."}, {"pmid": 32425416, "pmcid": "PMC7219416", "title": "The role of an Orthopaedic Surgeon in the time of Covid-19 Pandemic-a German perspective.", "journal": "J Orthop", "authors": ["Graichen, Heiko"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425416", "countries": ["Germany", "Korea, Republic of", "Singapore", "Spain", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 is a non-orthopaedic disease but is affecting the community of Orthopaedics as much as every part of our daily living. In this Editorial the different aspects of changes in our routine are described, based on the experience of this Editor in Germany. I will try to give you a bit of background information first, as the situation is very much dependent on the specific phase of the pandemic and your place of work. The experience for an Orthopaedic Surgeon in New York or Madrid may differ from that of an Orthopaedic Surgeon in Singapore, or South Korea. As Europe is, at least at the moment, the most affected continent, it hopefully is an interesting topic for all of you. The Covid-19 pandemic is affecting all aspects of our lives, therefore this editorial is divided into 4 sessions: Role as surgeon, as doctor, as teacher, and as family member. Most countries have stopped elective surgeries and by that relegated Orthopaedic surgeons to a minimum of work. Keeping contact to patients with digital tools might be an option to achieve an organised restart after the end of the lock down period and to keep treating patients through that phase. For many Orthopaedic surgeons, the principal task now is being part of an interdisciplinary team that is headed by colleagues from Internal Medicine or Anaesthesiology. Wards from the Orthopaedic department are reorganised as quarantine wards for Covid-19 patients. Worldwide all conferences have been cancelled and nobody knows for how long this will continue. Education now has become fully digital, allowing to present and communicate without real limitations compared to conventional conferences. Some teaching options, such as hands-on workshops, fellowships, etc. are ceased and cannot be replaced by digital options. Due to social distancing families are spending much more time together than before, while some family members, especially the people at risk (elders, ones with a fragile health) cannot be visited for a long time. Get togethers with friends as well as community meetings are completely suspended. For some of them, digital technology is the only option to minimize the problem of social distancing. Overall, it has to be stated, that all parts of our lives as an Orthopaedic Surgeon are affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. As nobody knows how long these restrictions need to remain in place we have to accept them and work on improving this specific situation by following the rules. Hopefully, a vaccine will be developed in the near future, allowing us to return to a \"normal\" life. Nevertheless, it will never be like it was before."}, {"pmid": 32470199, "title": "Metformin use amid coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kow, Chia Siang", "Hasan, Syed Shahzad"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470199", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266754, "pmcid": "PMC7235495", "title": "COVID-19: Risk groups, mechanistic insights and challenges.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Stein, Richard Albert"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266754", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212512, "title": "Retrospective Analysis of 61 Cases of Children Died of Viral Pneumonia.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, X B", "Du, S H", "Lu, J C", "Tan, X H", "Li, D R", "Yue, X", "Wang, Q", "Wang, H J", "Qiao, D F"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212512", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chloroquines are the long-established prescription drug, which are often used clinically to treat malaria and connective tissue diseases. Since December 2019, corona virus disease 2019 \uff08COVID-19\uff09 outbreaks caused by 2019 novel coronavirus \uff082019-nCoV\uff09 has occurred in China and many countries around the world. Due to the lack of drugs against COVID-19, the disease spreads rapidly and the mortality rate is relatively high. Therefore, specific drugs against 2019-nCoV need to be quickly screened. The antimalarial drug chloroquine phosphate which has already been approved is confirmed to have an anti-2019-nCoV effect and has been included in diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines. However, awareness of the risk of chloroquine phosphate causing acute poisoning or even death should be strengthened. The current dosage recommended in clinical treatment is larger than that in previous treatment of malaria and the period of treatment is longer. Many provinces have required close clinical monitoring of adverse reactions. This paper reviews the pharmacological effects, poisoning and toxicological mechanisms, in vivo metabolism and distribution, and forensic issues of chloroquine drugs, in order to provide help to forensic practice and clinical work."}, {"pmid": 32224277, "pmcid": "PMC7156805", "title": "COVID-19 and immunomodulator/immunosuppressant use in dermatology.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Price, Kyla N", "Frew, John W", "Hsiao, Jennifer L", "Shi, Vivian Y"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224277", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523929, "pmcid": "PMC7279902", "title": "Respiratory Distress in SARS-CoV-2 without Lung Damage: Phrenic Paralysis Should Be Considered in COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Maurier, Francois", "Godbert, Benoit", "Perrin, Julie"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523929", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe an overweight COVID-19 patient with respiratory distress preceded by anosmia/dysgeusia with no lung injury shown on CT, angio-CT or ventilation/perfusion scans. Orthopnoea and paradoxical abdominal respiration were identified. Phrenic paralysis, demonstrated by examination of patient breathing, and on x-ray while standing breathing in and out, explained the respiratory distress. This is a rare and previously undescribed neurological complication of COVID-19 infection caused by vagus nerve injury. Phrenic paralysis must be kept in mind as a rare neurological complication of COVID-19.Vagus nerve palsy is a neurological manifestation as anosmia and dysgeusia, that were already identified in the olfactory system of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32386027, "title": "Unprecedented action has been taken to contain the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 in China.", "journal": "Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Wu, Tong", "Hu, Erya", "Zeng, Wenhui", "Zhang, Hanqi", "Xue, Xiaoran", "Ma, Jian"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386027", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, has posed significant threats to international health. By Feb. 20, 2020, 74 576 cases have been confirmed and over 2 118 deaths have reported in the Chinese mainland. Chinese administrations have carried out immediate and prompt measures to stop the spread of the virus. Wuhan city has been shut down since Jan. 23, and more than 30 thousand medical workers have been recruited to Hubei province. Two temporary hospitals were constructed to treat severe pneumonia patients, and 15 mobile cabin hospitals were built to treat mild pneumonia cases. Significant improvement regarding the pathogenesis, epidemiology, and diagnosis and therapy for the COVID-19 has been achieved to stop the spread of the epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32312730, "title": "Covid-19: public health experts demand evidence behind UK's short self-isolation advice.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312730", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32175814, "pmcid": "PMC7233387", "title": "Radiology Department Preparedness for COVID-19: Radiology Scientific Expert Panel.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Mossa-Basha, Mahmud", "Meltzer, Carolyn C", "Kim, Danny C", "Tuite, Michael J", "Kolli, K Pallav", "Tan, Bien Soo"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32175814", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511951, "title": "Management of primary hepatic malignancies during the COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations for risk mitigation from a multidisciplinary perspective.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Barry, Aisling", "Apisarnthanarax, Smith", "O'Kane, Grainne M", "Sapisochin, Gonzalo", "Beecroft, Robert", "Salem, Riad", "Yoon, Sang Min", "Lim, Young-Suk", "Bridgewater, John", "Davidson, Brian", "Scorsetti, Marta", "Solbiati, Luigi", "Diehl, Adam", "Schuffenegger, Pablo Munoz", "Sham, Jonathan G", "Cavallucci, David", "Galvin, Zita", "Dawson, Laura A", "Hawkins, Maria A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511951", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Around the world, recommendations for cancer treatment are being adapted in real time in response to the pandemic of COVID-19. We, as a multidisciplinary team, reviewed the standard management options, according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification system, for hepatocellular carcinoma. We propose treatment recommendations related to COVID-19 for the different stages of hepatocellular carcinoma (ie, 0, A, B, and C), specifically in relation to surgery, locoregional therapies, and systemic therapy. We suggest potential strategies to modify risk during the pandemic and aid multidisciplinary treatment decision making. We also review the multidisciplinary management of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma as a potentially curable and incurable diagnosis in the setting of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32402680, "pmcid": "PMC7252017", "title": "COVID-19 in lung-transplanted and cystic fibrosis patients: Be careful.", "journal": "J Cyst Fibros", "authors": ["Farfour, Eric", "Picard, Clement", "Beaumont, Laurence", "Lesprit, Philippe", "Ballester, Marie-Christine", "Ackermann, Felix", "Galliot, Richard", "Colin de Verdiere, Sylvie", "Cerf, Charles", "Vasse, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402680", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401959, "pmcid": "PMC7232955", "title": "Importation and early local transmission of COVID-19 in Brazil, 2020.", "journal": "Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo", "authors": ["Jesus, Jaqueline Goes de", "Sacchi, Claudio", "Candido, Darlan da Silva", "Claro, Ingra Morales", "Sales, Flavia Cristina Silva", "Manuli, Erika Regina", "Silva, Daniela Bernardes Borges da", "Paiva, Terezinha Maria de", "Pinho, Margarete Aparecida Benega", "Santos, Katia Correa de Oliveira", "Hill, Sarah Catherine", "Aguiar, Renato Santana", "Romero, Filipe", "Santos, Fabiana Cristina Pereira Dos", "Goncalves, Claudia Regina", "Timenetsky, Maria do Carmo", "Quick, Joshua", "Croda, Julio Henrique Rosa", "Oliveira, Wanderson de", "Rambaut, Andrew", "Pybus, Oliver G.", "Loman, Nicholas J.", "Sabino, Ester Cerdeira", "Faria, Nuno Rodrigues"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401959", "countries": ["Brazil", "Italy"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We conducted the genome sequencing and analysis of the first confirmed COVID-19 infections in Brazil. Rapid sequencing coupled with phylogenetic analyses in the context of travel history corroborate multiple independent importations from Italy and local spread during the initial stage of COVID-19 transmission in Brazil."}, {"pmid": 32340978, "title": "The conundrum of COVID-19 treatment targets: the close correlation with rheumatology. Response to: 'Management of rheumatic diseases in the time of covid-19 pandemic: perspectives of rheumatology pracitioners from India' by Gupta et al and 'Antirheumatic agents in covid-19: is IL-6 the right target?' by Capeechi et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Monti, Sara", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340978", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304373, "title": "From Viral City to Smart City: Learning from Pandemic Experiences.", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Sakellarides, Constantino"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304373", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495334, "title": "[Infection Control: The Roles and Functions of Nurses Working at the International Medical Center].", "journal": "Hu Li Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, Wan-Ping", "Feng, Ming-Chu", "Chen, Yen-Hsu", "Chen, Fang-Ming", "Li, Yi-Hong"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495334", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Travelers are known to convey infectious diseases across international borders. After its experience with SARS, Taiwan established a comprehensive mechanism at its border to prevent the entry of infectious diseases. However, people with chronic infectious diseases, carriers with no symptoms, and those likely to be infected are not easy to identify during border screenings. Therefore, Taiwan must implement internal disease-containment measures in addition to stopping infectious disease at its borders. With increasing numbers of patients coming to Taiwan for medical examinations, medical aesthetic treatments, and medical treatments and care, the risk of acute, chronic, and contagious diseases originating from non-residents must be considered and addressed. This article was developed to discuss the role and importance of nurses in preventing transnational infectious diseases from the perspective of international medical care. In addition to showing rich nursing experience, sensitivity, and conducting the management and communication of international cases, it is also necessary to make good use of information tools for remote screening care. Taking the period of the COVID-19 outbreak as an example, several procedures have been conducted. First, online detailed history of infectious diseases and nursing evaluations are conducted before admission. Second, preparation and movement notifications are given before admission. Third, online health education and follow-up care as well as cross-unit communication and coordination are implemented. International medical nurses directly affect the quality and effectiveness of international medical treatment. As Taiwan builds up its brand as an international medical caring destination, nursing professionals should help further this trend and announce to the world: Taiwan can help! Nursing can help!"}, {"pmid": 32312571, "pmcid": "PMC7151238", "title": "Emergency tracheal intubation in 202 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: lessons learnt and international expert recommendations.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Yao, Wenlong", "Wang, Tingting", "Jiang, Bailing", "Gao, Feng", "Wang, Li", "Zheng, Hongbo", "Xiao, Weimin", "Yao, Shanglong", "Mei, Wei", "Chen, Xiangdong", "Luo, Ailin", "Sun, Liang", "Cook, Tim", "Behringer, Elizabeth", "Huitink, Johannes M", "Wong, David T", "Lane-Fall, Meghan", "McNarry, Alistair F", "McGuire, Barry", "Higgs, Andrew", "Shah, Amit", "Patel, Anil", "Zuo, Mingzhang", "Ma, Wuhua", "Xue, Zhanggang", "Zhang, Li-Ming", "Li, Wenxian", "Wang, Yong", "Hagberg, Carin", "O'Sullivan, Ellen P", "Fleisher, Lee A", "Wei, Huafeng"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312571", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tracheal intubation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients creates a risk to physiologically compromised patients and to attending healthcare providers. Clinical information on airway management and expert recommendations in these patients are urgently needed. By analysing a two-centre retrospective observational case series from Wuhan, China, a panel of international airway management experts discussed the results and formulated consensus recommendations for the management of tracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients. Of 202 COVID-19 patients undergoing emergency tracheal intubation, most were males (n=136; 67.3%) and aged 65 yr or more (n=128; 63.4%). Most patients (n=152; 75.2%) were hypoxaemic (Sao2 <90%) before intubation. Personal protective equipment was worn by all intubating healthcare workers. Rapid sequence induction (RSI) or modified RSI was used with an intubation success rate of 89.1% on the first attempt and 100% overall. Hypoxaemia (Sao2 <90%) was common during intubation (n=148; 73.3%). Hypotension (arterial pressure <90/60 mm Hg) occurred in 36 (17.8%) patients during and 45 (22.3%) after intubation with cardiac arrest in four (2.0%). Pneumothorax occurred in 12 (5.9%) patients and death within 24 h in 21 (10.4%). Up to 14 days post-procedure, there was no evidence of cross infection in the anaesthesiologists who intubated the COVID-19 patients. Based on clinical information and expert recommendation, we propose detailed planning, strategy, and methods for tracheal intubation in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32520031, "title": "In silico evaluation of marine fish proteins as nutritional supplements for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Food Funct", "authors": ["Yao, Yushan", "Luo, Zhen", "Zhang, Xuewu"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520031", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, no specific drug has been discovered for the treatment of COVID-19 and hence, people are in a state of anxiety. Thus, there is an urgent need to search for various possible strategies including nutritional supplementation. In this study, we have tried to provide a reference for protein supplementation. Specifically, 20 marine fish proteins were subjected to in silico hydrolysis by gastrointestinal enzymes, and a large number of active peptides were generated. Then, the binding abilities of these peptides to SARS-CoV-2 main protease and monoamine oxidase A were assessed. The results showed that NADH dehydrogenase could be a good protein source in generating potent binders to the two enzymes, followed by cytochrome b. In addition, some high-affinity oligopeptides (VIQY, ICIY, PISQF, VISAW, AIPAW, and PVSQF) were identified as dual binders to the two enzymes. In summary, the supplementation of some fish proteins can be helpful for COVID-19 patients; the identified oligopeptides can be used as the lead compounds to design potential inhibitors against COVID-19 and anxiety."}, {"pmid": 32452345, "title": "The differential response to anti IL-6 treatment in COVID-19: the genetic counterpart.", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Perricone, Carlo", "Conigliaro, Paola", "Ciccacci, Cinzia", "Marcucci, Elisa", "Cafaro, Giacomo", "Bartoloni, Elena", "Perricone, Roberto", "Novelli, Giuseppe", "Borgiani, Paola", "Gerli, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452345", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328369, "pmcid": "PMC7174863", "title": "A Bibliometric Analysis of COVID-19 Research Activity: A Call for Increased Output.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Chahrour, Mohamad", "Assi, Sahar", "Bejjani, Michael", "Nasrallah, Ali A", "Salhab, Hamza", "Fares, Mohamad", "Khachfe, Hussein H"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328369", "countries": ["China", "Mauritius", "Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted many countries across all inhabited continents, and is now considered a global pandemic, due to its high rate of infectivity. Research related to this disease is\u00a0pivotal for assessing pathogenic characteristics and formulating therapeutic strategies. The aim of this paper is to explore the activity and trends of COVID-19 research since its outbreak in December 2019. We explored the PubMed database and the World Health Organization (WHO) database for publications pertaining to COVID-19 since December 2019 up until March 18, 2020. Only relevant observational and interventional studies were included in our study. Data on COVID-19 incidence were extracted from the WHO situation reports. Research output was assessed with respect to gross domestic product (GDP) and population of each country. Only 564 publications met our inclusion criteria. These articles came from 39 different countries, constituting 24% of all affected countries. China produced the greatest number of publications with 377 publications (67%). With respect to continental research activity, Asian countries had the highest research activity with 434 original publications (77%). In terms of publications per million persons (PPMPs), Singapore had the highest number of publications with 1.069 PPMPs. In terms of publications per billion-dollar GDP, Mauritius ranked first with 0.075. COVID-19 is a major disease that has impacted international public health on a global level. Observational studies and therapeutic trials pertaining to COVID-19 are essential for assessing pathogenic characteristics and developing novel treatment options."}, {"pmid": 32147406, "pmcid": "PMC7134479", "title": "Reasons for healthcare workers becoming infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Wang, J", "Zhou, M", "Liu, F"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32147406", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442268, "title": "Stroke in a young COVID -19 patient.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Gunasekaran, Kulothungan", "Amoah, Kwesi", "Rajasurya, Venkat", "Buscher, Michael G"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442268", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32204907, "pmcid": "PMC7133222", "title": "The Novel Coronavirus 2019 epidemic and kidneys.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Naicker, Saraladevi", "Yang, Chih-Wei", "Hwang, Shang-Jyh", "Liu, Bi-Cheng", "Chen, Jiang-Hua", "Jha, Vivekanand"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204907", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468103, "pmcid": "PMC7255907", "title": "From high volume to \"zero\" proctology: Italian experience in the COVID era.", "journal": "Int J Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Mascagni, Domenico", "Eberspacher, Chiara", "Mascagni, Pietro", "Arezzo, Alberto", "Selvaggi, Francesco", "Sturiale, Alessandro", "Milito, Giovanni", "Naldini, Gabriele"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468103", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic hit Italy early and strongly, challenging the whole health care system. Proctological patients and surgeons are experiencing a previously unseen change in care with unknown repercussion. Here we discuss the proctological experience of 4 Italian hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Following remote brainstorming, the authors summarised their experience in managing proctological patients during the COVID-19 pandemics and put forward some practical observations to further investigate. The 4 hospitals shifted from a high-volume proctological activity to almost \"zero\" visits and surgery. Every patient accessing the hospital must respect a specific COVID-19 protocol. Proctological patients can be stratified based on presentation and management considerations into (1) neoplastic patients, the only allowed to be surgically treated, (2) the ones requiring urgent care, operated only in highly selected cases and (3) the stable, already known patients, managed remotely. Changes in the clinical management of the proctological disease are presented together with some considerations to be explored. In the absence of scientific evidence, these practical considerations may be valuable to proctological surgeons starting to face the COVID-19 pandemics. Beside the more clinical considerations, this crisis produced unexpected consequences such as an improvement of the therapeutic alliance and a shift towards telemedicine that may be worth exploring also in the post-COVID-19 era."}, {"pmid": 32416971, "pmcid": "PMC7198417", "title": "In the frame, road map for Australian sport on an uncertain journey through COVID-19.", "journal": "J Sci Med Sport", "authors": ["Hughes, David"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416971", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301298, "pmcid": "PMC7167402", "title": "A Brief Telephone Severity Scoring System and Therapeutic Living Centers Solved Acute Hospital-Bed Shortage during the COVID-19 Outbreak in Daegu, Korea.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Shin Woo", "Lee, Kyeong Soo", "Kim, Keonyeop", "Lee, Jung Jeung", "Kim, Jong Yeon"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301298", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, the number of infected patients was rapidly increasing in Daegu, Korea. With a maximum of 741 new patients per day in the city as of February 29, 2020, hospital-bed shortage was a great challenge to the local healthcare system. We developed and applied a remote brief severity scoring system, administered by telephone for assigning priority for hospitalization and arranging for facility isolation (\"therapeutic living centers\") for the patients starting on February 29, 2020. Fifteen centers were operated for the 3,033 admissions to the COVID-19 therapeutic living centers. Only 81 cases (2.67%) were transferred to hospitals after facility isolation. We think that this brief severity scoring system for COVID-19 worked safely to solve the hospital-bed shortage. Telephone scoring of the severity of disease and therapeutic living centers could be very useful in overcoming the shortage of hospital-beds that occurs during outbreaks of infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32347689, "pmcid": "PMC7197338", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 and ophthalmologists: introducing a simple protective shield for slitlamp biomicroscopic examination.", "journal": "J Cataract Refract Surg", "authors": ["Pourazizi, Mohsen", "Peyman, Alireza"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347689", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526272, "title": "Antibody-dependent enhancement and COVID-19: Moving toward acquittal.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Yager, Eric J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526272", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414972, "title": "Vet nurse consultations could help financial recovery from Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414972", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463284, "title": "Stress and cognitive functioning during a pandemic: Thoughts from stress researchers.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Boals, Adriel", "Banks, Jonathan B"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463284", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this commentary we discuss a downstream consequence of increases in stress and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress and anxiety can lead to mind wandering, which in turn competes for limited cognitive resources. We encourage researchers to be understanding and patient concerning the inevitable cognitive impact of the pandemic and subsequent reduced productivity levels from our students, colleagues, and ourselves. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32456713, "title": "Mental Health Impacts of COVID-19 in Ireland and the Need for a Secondary Care, Mental Health Service Response.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["O'Connor, Karen", "Wrigley, Margo", "Jennings, Rhona", "Hill, Michele", "Niazi, Amir"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456713", "countries": ["Ireland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387470, "pmcid": "PMC7199723", "title": "COVID-19 gone bad: A new character in the spectrum of the hyperferritinemic syndrome?", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Colafrancesco, Serena", "Alessandri, Cristiano", "Conti, Fabrizio", "Priori, Roberta"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387470", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe form of COVID-19 share several clinical and laboratory features with four entities gathered under the term \"hyperferritinemic syndromes\" and including macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD), catastrophic anti-phospholipid syndrome (CAPS) and septic shock. COVID-19 systemic inflammatory reaction and \"hyperferritinemic syndromes\" are all characterized by high serum ferritin and a life-threatening hyper-inflammation sustained by a cytokines storm which eventually leads to multi-organ failure. In this review, we analyze the possible epidemiological and molecular mechanisms responsible for hyper-inflammation in patients with severe COVID-19 and we underline the similarities between this condition and \"hyperferritinemic syndromes\" which would allow considering severe COVID-19 as a fifth member of this spectrum of inflammatory conditions."}, {"pmid": 32445583, "title": "Erythema multiforme-like lesions in children and COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Dermatol", "authors": ["Torrelo, Antonio", "Andina, David", "Santonja, Carlos", "Noguera-Morel, Lucero", "Bascuas-Arribas, Marta", "Gaitero-Tristan, Jara", "Alonso-Cadenas, Jose Antonio", "Escalada-Pellitero, Silvia", "Hernandez-Martin, Angela", "de la Torre-Espi, Mercedes", "Colmenero, Isabel"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445583", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During examination of cases of chilblains in children and adolescents, we identified four patients who also showed skin lesions similar to erythema multiforme (EM). They had no other known triggers for EM. One of them had a positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2, while the other 3 were negative. Skin biopsies from two patients showed features not typical of EM, such as deep perivascular and perieccrine infiltrate and absence of necrosis of keratinocytes. Immunohistochemistry for SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 spike protein showed granular positivity in endothelial cells and epithelial cells of eccrine glands in both biopsies. All patients had an excellent outcome, and had minimal or no systemic symptoms. The coincidence of EM, a condition commonly related to viruses, and chilblains in the setting of COVID-19, as well as the positivity for SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by immunohistochemistry strongly suggest a link between EM-like lesions and SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32506145, "title": "Long-term intubation and high rate of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients might determine an unprecedented increase of airway stenoses: a call to action from the European Laryngological Society.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Piazza, Cesare", "Filauro, Marta", "Dikkers, Frederik G", "Nouraei, S A Reza", "Sandu, Kishore", "Sittel, Christian", "Amin, Milan R", "Campos, Guillermo", "Eckel, Hans E", "Peretti, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506145", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, may need intensive care unit (ICU) admission in up to 12% of all positive cases for massive interstitial pneumonia, with possible long-term endotracheal intubation for mechanical ventilation and subsequent tracheostomy. The most common airway-related complications of such ICU maneuvers are laryngotracheal granulomas, webs, stenosis, malacia and, less commonly, tracheal necrosis with tracheo-esophageal or tracheo-arterial fistulae. This paper gathers the opinions of experts of the Laryngotracheal Stenosis Committee of the European Laryngological Society, with the aim of alerting the medical community about the possible rise in number of COVID-19-related laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS), and the aspiration of paving the way to a more rationale concentration of these cases within referral specialist airway centers. A range of prevention strategies, diagnostic work-up, and therapeutic approaches are reported and framed within the COVID-19 pandemic context. One of the most important roles of otolaryngologists when encountering airway-related signs and symptoms in patients with previous ICU hospitalization for COVID-19 is to maintain a high level of suspicion for LTS development, and share it with colleagues and other health care professionals. Such a condition requires specific expertise and should be comprehensively managed in tertiary referral centers."}, {"pmid": 32409502, "title": "Obesity and COVID-19 Severity in a Designated Hospital in Shenzhen, China.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Cai, Qingxian", "Chen, Fengjuan", "Wang, Tao", "Luo, Fang", "Liu, Xiaohui", "Wu, Qikai", "He, Qing", "Wang, Zhaoqin", "Liu, Yingxia", "Liu, Lei", "Chen, Jun", "Xu, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409502", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with obesity are at increased risk of exacerbations from viral respiratory infections. However, the association of obesity with the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unclear. We examined this association using data from the only referral hospital in Shenzhen, China. A total of 383 consecutively hospitalized patients with COVID-19 admitted from 11 January 2020 to 16 February 2020 and followed until 26 March 2020 at the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen were included. Underweight was defined as a BMI <18.5 kg/m2, normal weight as 18.5-23.9 kg/m2, overweight as 24.0-27.9 kg/m2, and obesity as \u226528 kg/m2. Of the 383 patients, 53.1% were normal weight, 4.2% were underweight, 32.0% were overweight, and 10.7% were obese at admission. Obese patients tended to have symptoms of cough (P = 0.03) and fever (P = 0.06) compared with patients who were not obese. Compared with normal weight patients, those who were overweight had 1.84-fold odds of developing severe COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] 1.84, 95% CI 0.99-3.43, P = 0.05), while those who were obese were at 3.40-fold odds of developing severe disease (OR 3.40, 95% CI 1.40-2.86, P = 0.007), after adjusting for age, sex, epidemiological characteristics, days from disease onset to hospitalization, presence of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, liver disease and cancer, and drug used for treatment. Additionally, after similar adjustment, men who were obese versus those who were normal weight were at increased odds of developing severe COVID-19 (OR 5.66, 95% CI 1.80-17.75, P = 0.003). In this study, obese patients had increased odds of progressing to severe COVID-19. As the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may continue to spread worldwide, clinicians should pay close attention to obese patients, who should be carefully managed with prompt and aggressive treatment."}, {"pmid": 32527925, "title": "Type III interferons disrupt the lung epithelial barrier upon viral recognition.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Broggi, Achille", "Ghosh, Sreya", "Sposito, Benedetta", "Spreafico, Roberto", "Balzarini, Fabio", "Lo Cascio, Antonino", "Clementi, Nicola", "De Santis, Maria", "Mancini, Nicasio", "Granucci, Francesca", "Zanoni, Ivan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527925", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lower respiratory tract viral infections are a leading cause of mortality. Mounting evidence indicates that most severe cases are characterized by aberrant immune responses and do not depend on viral burden. Here, we assessed how type III interferons (IFN-\u03bb) contribute to the pathogenesis induced by RNA viruses. We report IFN-\u03bb is present in the lower, but not upper, airways of COVID-19 patients. In mice, we demonstrate IFN-\u03bb produced by lung dendritic cells in response to a synthetic viral RNA induces barrier damage, causing susceptibility to lethal bacterial superinfections. These findings provide a strong rationale for rethinking the pathophysiological role of IFN-\u03bb and its possible use in the clinical practice against endemic viruses, such as influenza virus, as well as the emerging SARS-CoV-2 viral infection."}, {"pmid": 32310621, "pmcid": "PMC7158880", "title": "Coronavirus Infections in Children Including COVID-19: An Overview of the Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Options in Children.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Zimmermann, Petra", "Curtis, Nigel"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310621", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of enveloped, single-stranded, zoonotic RNA viruses. Four CoVs commonly circulate among humans: HCoV2-229E, -HKU1, -NL63 and -OC43. However, CoVs can rapidly mutate and recombine leading to novel CoVs that can spread from animals to humans. The novel CoVs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012. The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is currently causing a severe outbreak of disease (termed COVID-19) in China and multiple other countries, threatening to cause a global pandemic. In humans, CoVs mostly cause respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Clinical manifestations range from a common cold to more severe disease such as bronchitis, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure and even death. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 seem to less commonly affect children and to cause fewer symptoms and less severe disease in this age group compared with adults, and are associated with much lower case-fatality rates. Preliminary evidence suggests children are just as likely as adults to become infected with SARS-CoV-2 but are less likely to be symptomatic or develop severe symptoms. However, the importance of children in transmitting the virus remains uncertain. Children more often have gastrointestinal symptoms compared with adults. Most children with SARS-CoV present with fever, but this is not the case for the other novel CoVs. Many children affected by MERS-CoV are asymptomatic. The majority of children infected by novel CoVs have a documented household contact, often showing symptoms before them. In contrast, adults more often have a nosocomial exposure. In this review, we summarize epidemiologic, clinical and diagnostic findings, as well as treatment and prevention options for common circulating and novel CoVs infections in humans with a focus on infections in children."}, {"pmid": 32430957, "title": "Effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Juan, J", "Gil, M M", "Rong, Z", "Zhang, Y", "Yang, H", "Poon, L C"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430957", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on maternal, perinatal and neonatal outcomes by performing a systematic review of available published literature on pregnancies affected by COVID-19. We performed a systematic review to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on pregnancy, perinatal and neonatal outcomes. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database and Wan Fang Data until 20 April 2020 (studies were identified through PubMed alert after that date). For the research strategy, combinations of the following keywords and MeSH terms were used: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019, pregnancy, gestation, maternal, mothers, vertical transmission, maternal-fetal transmission, intrauterine transmission, neonates, infant, delivery. Eligibility criteria included laboratory-confirmed and/or clinically diagnosed COVID-19, patient being pregnant on admission and availability of clinical characteristics, including at least one maternal, perinatal or neonatal outcome. Exclusion criteria were non-peer-reviewed or unpublished reports, unspecified date and location of the study, suspicion of duplicate reporting, and unreported maternal or perinatal outcomes. No language restrictions were applied. We identified a high number of relevant case reports and case series, but only 24 studies, including a total of 324 pregnant women with COVID-19, met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. These comprised nine case series (eight consecutive) and 15 case reports. A total of 20 pregnant patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included in the case reports. In the combined data from the eight consecutive case series, including 211 (71.5%) cases of laboratory-confirmed and 84 (28.5%) of clinically diagnosed COVID-19, the maternal age ranged from 20 to 44\u2009years and the gestational age on admission ranged from 5 to 41\u2009weeks. The most common symptoms at presentation were fever, cough, dyspnea/shortness of breath, fatigue and myalgia. The rate of severe pneumonia reported amongst the case series ranged from 0 to 14%, with the majority of the cases requiring admission to the intensive care unit. Almost all cases from the case series had positive computer tomography chest findings. All six and 22 cases that had nucleic-acid testing in vaginal mucus and breast milk samples, respectively, were negative for SARS-CoV-2. Only four cases of spontaneous miscarriage or abortion were reported. In the consecutive case series, 219/295 women had delivered at the time of reporting, and the majority of these had Cesarean section. The gestational age at delivery ranged from 28 to 41\u2009weeks. Apgar scores at 1 and 5 min ranged from 7 to 10 and 7 to 10, respectively. Only eight neonates had birth weight <2500 g and nearly one-third of cases were transferred to the neonatal intensive care unit. There was one case each of neonatal asphyxia and neonatal death. In 155 neonates that had nucleic-acid testing in throat swab, all, except three cases, were negative for SARS-CoV-2. There were seven maternal deaths, four intrauterine fetal deaths (one with twin pregnancy) and two neonatal deaths (twin pregnancy) reported in a non-consecutive case series of nine cases with severe COVID-19. From the case reports, two maternal deaths, one neonatal death and two cases of neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infection were reported. Despite the increasing number of published studies on COVID-19 in pregnancy, there are insufficient good-quality data to draw unbiased conclusions with regard to the severity of the disease or specific complications of COVID-19 in pregnant women, as well as vertical transmission, perinatal and neonatal complications. In order to answer specific questions in relation to the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women and their fetuses through meaningful good-quality research, we urge researchers and investigators to present complete outcome data and reference previously published cases in their publications, and to record such reporting when the data of a case are entered into a registry or several registries. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32379310, "pmcid": "PMC7239184", "title": "Letter: Safety Considerations for Neurosurgical Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Daci, Rrita", "Natarajan, Sabareesh K", "Johnson, Mark D"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379310", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526209, "title": "Faecal immunohistochemical testing in the COVID-19 era: balancing risk and costs.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Arasaradnam, Ramesh P", "Bhala, Neeraj", "Evans, Charles", "Greenaway, John", "Logan, Robert", "Penman, Ian", "Seward, Edward", "Singh, Baljit", "Smith, Steve", "Stephenson, James A", "Waugh, Norman"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526209", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32176764, "title": "Managing COVID-19 in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Hopman, Joost", "Allegranzi, Benedetta", "Mehtar, Shaheen"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32176764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445573, "title": "Recommendations for the management of patients with immune-mediated kidney disease during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic.", "journal": "Nephrol Dial Transplant", "authors": ["Anders, Hans-Joachim", "Bruchfeld, Annette", "Fernandez Juarez, Gema Maria", "Floege, Jurgen", "Goumenos, Dimitrios", "Turkmen, Kultigin", "van Kooten, Cees", "Tesar, Vladimir", "Segelmark, Marten"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445573", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created major challenges for all countries around the globe. Retrospective studies have identified hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and older age as risk factors for high morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. There is a general concern that patients with immune-mediated kidney diseases, namely those on immunosuppressive therapies and/or those with more advanced kidney failure, could particularly be at risk for adverse outcomes due to a compromised antiviral immunity. Uncertainties exist on how management routines should be reorganized to minimize the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and what measures are necessary for infected patients. The aim of the present review of the Immunonephrology Working Group of the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association is to provide recommendations for the management of patients with immune-mediated kidney diseases based on the available evidence, similar circumstances with other infectious organisms and expert opinions from across Europe. Such recommendations may help to minimize the risk of encountering COVID-19 or developing complications during COVID-19 in patients with immune-mediated kidney disease."}, {"pmid": 32298982, "pmcid": "PMC7128942", "title": "Linear Regression Analysis to predict the number of deaths in India due to SARS-CoV-2 at 6 weeks from day 0 (100 cases - March 14th 2020).", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Ghosal, Samit", "Sengupta, Sumit", "Majumder, Milan", "Sinha, Binayak"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298982", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "and Aims: No valid treatment or preventative strategy has evolved till date to counter the SARS CoV 2 (Novel Coronavirus) epidemic that originated in China in late 2019 and have since wrought havoc on millions across the world with illness, socioeconomic recession and death. This analysis was aimed at tracing a trend related to death counts expected at the 5th and 6th week of the COVID-19 in India. Validated database was used to procure global and Indian data related to coronavirus and related outcomes. Multiple regression and linear regression analyses were used interchangeably. Since the week 6 death count data was not correlated significantly with any of the chosen inputs, an auto-regression technique was employed to improve the predictive ability of the regression model. A linear regression analysis predicted average week 5 death count to be 211 with a 95% CI: 1.31-2.60). Similarly, week 6 death count, in spite of a strong correlation with input variables, did not pass the test of statistical significance. Using auto-regression technique and using week 5 death count as input the linear regression model predicted week 6 death count in India to be 467, while keeping at the back of our mind the risk of over-estimation by most of the risk-based models. According to our analysis, if situation continue in present state; projected death rate (n) is 211 and467 at the end of the 5th and 6th week from now, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32310190, "title": "Coronavirus drugs: Using plasma from recovered patients as a treatment for COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Risk Saf Med", "authors": ["Alzoughool, Foad", "Alanagreh, Lo'ai"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310190", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has infected nearly 3,582,233 individuals with 248,558 deaths since it was first identified in human populations in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. No antiviral therapies or vaccines are available for their treatment or prevention. Passive immunization PI through broadly neutralizing antibodies that bind to the specific antigens of SARS-CoV 2 might be a potential solution to address the immediate health threat of COVID-19 pandemic while vaccines are being developed. The PI approach in treating COVID-19 is discussed herein, including a summary of its historical applications to confront epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32529516, "title": "Miller Fisher syndrome diagnosis and treatment in a patient with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Neurovirol", "authors": ["Manganotti, Paolo", "Pesavento, Valentina", "Buoite Stella, Alex", "Bonzi, Lucia", "Campagnolo, Elena", "Bellavita, Giulia", "Fabris, Bruno", "Luzzati, Roberto"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529516", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This case report describes the clinical characteristics of a 50-year-old woman that developed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and was admitted at the COVID-19 dedicated unit where she developed neurological symptoms 10 days after admission. After neurological examination, including a panel of blood cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, a diagnosis of Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) was hypothesized and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy (IVIG) was initiated. Fourteen days after the start of IVIG treatment, the patient has been discharged at home with the resolution of respiratory symptoms and only minor hyporeflexia at the lower limbs, without any side effect."}, {"pmid": 32498141, "title": "A Hidden Key to COVID-19 Management in Korea: Public Health Doctors.", "journal": "J Prev Med Public Health", "authors": ["Choi, Sejin"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498141", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health doctors of Korea contributed significantly to massive coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing. They were immediately dispatched to epicenters of the COVID-19 pandemic, and have run tests at screening centers, airport quarantines and hospitals. However, their expertise from in-field experience has been often neglected. It is time to reorganize public health doctor system to better prepare for future epidemics. Transforming and strengthening their roles as public health experts through systematic training is crucial."}, {"pmid": 32277757, "pmcid": "PMC7184454", "title": "Letter: Strategies for Prevention and Control of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection Among Medical Staff.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Wang, Xuan", "Wang, Min-Jie", "Jiang, Xiao-Bing", "Wang, Hai-Jun", "Zhao, Hong-Yang"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339089, "title": "Issues on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pathogenesis.", "journal": "Viral Immunol", "authors": ["Silva Junior, Jose Valter Joaquim", "Lopes, Thaisa Regina Rocha", "de Oliveira, Pablo Sebastian Britto", "Weiblen, Rudi", "Flores, Eduardo Furtado"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339089", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426171, "pmcid": "PMC7229466", "title": "Physical activity recommendations during the coronavirus disease-2019 virus outbreak.", "journal": "J Sport Health Sci", "authors": ["Jurak, Gregor", "Morrison, Shawnda A", "Leskosek, Bojan", "Kovac, Marjeta", "Hadzic, Vedran", "Vodicar, Janez", "Truden, Polonca", "Starc, Gregor"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426171", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414990, "title": "Finding a new balance.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414990", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus changes the way we live our lives, clinical psychologists Matthew Whalley and Hardeep Kaur advise on managing wellbeing."}, {"pmid": 32527736, "title": "Covid-19: Children with conditions managed in primary care may not need to shield.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527736", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291136, "pmcid": "PMC7151404", "title": "Take proactive measures for the pandemic COVID-19 infection in the dialysis facilities.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Lee, Jia-Jung", "Lin, Chun-Yu", "Chiu, Yi-Wen", "Hwang, Shang-Jyh"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291136", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404669, "pmcid": "PMC7268836", "title": "A Practical Decontamination Framework for COVID-19 Front-line Workers Returning Home.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Harris, Chelsea A", "Evan, Heather L", "Telem, Dana A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404669", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356047, "pmcid": "PMC7192059", "title": "Massive cutback in orthopaedic healthcare services due to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc", "authors": ["Liebensteiner, M C", "Khosravi, I", "Hirschmann, M T", "Heuberer, P R", "Thaler, M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356047", "countries": ["Germany", "Switzerland", "Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the lack of evidence, it was the aim of the study to investigate current possible cutbacks in orthopaedic healthcare due to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (COVID-19). An online survey was performed of orthopaedic surgeons in the German-speaking Arthroscopy Society (Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie, AGA). The survey consisted of 20 questions concerning four topics: four questions addressed the origin and surgical experience of the participant, 12 questions dealt with potential cutbacks in orthopaedic healthcare and 4 questions addressed the influence of the pandemic on the particular surgeon. Of 4234 contacted orthopaedic surgeons, 1399 responded. Regarding arthroscopic procedures between 10 and 30% of the participants stated that these were still being performed-with actual percentages depending on the specific joint and procedure. Only 6.2% of the participants stated that elective total joint arthroplasty was still being performed at their centre. In addition, physical rehabilitation and surgeons' postoperative follow-ups were severely affected. Orthopaedic healthcare services in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland are suffering a drastic cutback due to COVID-19. A drastic reduction in arthroscopic procedures like rotator cuff repair and cruciate ligament reconstruction and an almost total shutdown of elective total joint arthroplasty were reported. Long-term consequences cannot be predicted yet. The described disruption in orthopaedic healthcare services has to be viewed as historic. V."}, {"pmid": 32501576, "title": "Ancillary considerations for endodontic emergency treatment of Covid-19 positive patients.", "journal": "Spec Care Dentist", "authors": ["Umer, Fahad"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501576", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31943059, "pmcid": "PMC7107534", "title": "Pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan, China: potential for international spread via commercial air travel.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Bogoch, Isaac I", "Watts, Alexander", "Thomas-Bachli, Andrea", "Huber, Carmen", "Kraemer, Moritz U G", "Khan, Kamran"], "date": "2020-01-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31943059", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is currently an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown aetiology in Wuhan, China. Although there are still several unanswered questions about this infection, we evaluate the potential for international dissemination of this disease via commercial air travel should the outbreak continue."}, {"pmid": 32427770, "title": "Laparotomy represents the safest option during COVID-19 outbreak: Authors' response to: The COVID-19 pandemic should not take us back to the pre-laparoscopic era; Emergency laparoscopic surgery during COVID-19: what can we do and how to do it safely.", "journal": "J Trauma Acute Care Surg", "authors": ["Pata, Francesco", "Khan, Mansoor", "Iovino, Domenico", "Di Saverio, Salomone"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427770", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295769, "pmcid": "PMC7199912", "title": "Radiation therapy during the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic in Italy: a view of the nation's young oncologists.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Meattini, Icro", "Franco, Pierfrancesco", "Belgioia, Liliana", "Boldrini, Luca", "Botticella, Angela", "De Santis, Maria Carmen", "Marvaso, Giulia", "Montesi, Giampaolo", "Parisi, Silvana", "Triggiani, Luca", "Lambertini, Matteo", "Livi, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295769", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292226, "pmcid": "PMC7129713", "title": "[Coronavirus: the geriatric emergency of 2020. Joint document of the Geriatric Cardiology Section of the Spanish Society of Cardiology and the Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Bonanad, Clara", "Garcia-Blas, Sergio", "Tarazona-Santabalbina, Francisco Jose", "Diez-Villanueva, Pablo", "Ayesta, Ana", "Fores, Juan Sanchis", "Vidan-Austiz, Maite", "Formiga, Francesc", "Ariza-Sole, Albert", "Martinez-Selles, Manuel"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292226", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV2 infection, also known as COVID-19 (coronavirus infectious disease-19), was first identified in December 2019. In Spain, the first case of this infection was diagnosed on 31 January, 2020 and, by 30 March 2020, has caused 7340 deaths, especially in the elderly. Due to the rapidly evolving situation regarding this disease, the data reported in this article may be subject to modifications. The older population are particularly susceptible to COVID-19 infection and to developing severe disease. The higher morbidity and mortality rates in older people have been associated with comorbidity, especially cardiovascular disease, and frailty, which weakens the immune response. Due to both the number of affected countries and the number of cases, the current situation constitutes an ongoing pandemic and a major health emergency. Because Spain has one of the largest older populations in the world, COVID-19 has emerged as a geriatric emergency. This document has been prepared jointly between the Geriatric Cardiology Section of the Spanish Society of Cardiology and the Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology."}, {"pmid": 32364890, "title": "Evidence Supporting Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 While Presymptomatic or Asymptomatic.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Furukawa, Nathan W", "Brooks, John T", "Sobel, Jeremy"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364890", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent epidemiologic, virologic, and modeling reports support the possibility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission from persons who are presymptomatic (SARS-CoV-2 detected before symptom onset) or asymptomatic (SARS-CoV-2 detected but symptoms never develop). SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the absence of symptoms reinforces the value of measures that prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 by infected persons who may not exhibit illness despite being infectious. Critical knowledge gaps include the relative incidence of asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, the public health interventions that prevent asymptomatic transmission, and the question of whether asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection confers protective immunity."}, {"pmid": 32485332, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Molecular and Phylogenetic analysis in COVID-19 patients: A preliminary report from Iran.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Tabibzadeh, Alireza", "Zamani, Farhad", "Laali, Azadeh", "Esghaei, Maryam", "Safarnezhad Tameshkel, Fahimeh", "Keyvani, Hossein", "Jamshidi Makiani, Mahin", "Panahi, Mahshid", "Motamed, Nima", "Perumal, Dhayaneethie", "Khoonsari, Mahmoodreza", "Ajdarkosh, Hossein", "Sohrabi, Masuodreza", "Ghanbari, Behrooz", "Savaj, Shokoufeh", "Mosavi-Jarrahi, Alireza", "Karbalaie Niya, Mohammad Hadi"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485332", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the current study was to investigate and track the SARS-CoV-2 in Iranian Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients using molecular and phylogenetic methods. We enrolled seven confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients for the phylogenetic assessment of the SARS-CoV-2 in Iran. The nsp-2, nsp-12, and S genes were amplified using one-step RT-PCR and sequenced using Sanger sequencing method. Popular bioinformatics software were used for sequences alignment and analysis as well as phylogenetic construction. The mean age of the patients in the present study was 60.42\u00a0\u00b1\u00a09.94\u00a0years and 57.1% (4/7) were male. The results indicated high similarity between Iranian and Chinese strains. We could not find any particular polymorphisms in the assessed regions of the three genes. Phylogenetic trees by neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood method of nsp-2, nsp-12, and S genes showed that there are not any differences between Iranian isolates and those of other countries. As a preliminary phylogenetic study in Iranian SARS-CoV-2 isolates, we found that these isolates are closely related to the Chinese and reference sequences. Also, no sensible differences were observed between Iranian isolates and those of other countries. Further investigations are recommended using more comprehensive methods and larger sample sizes."}, {"pmid": 32296247, "pmcid": "PMC7158819", "title": "[Treatment of the COVID-19 pandemic: Preventing a missed opportunity].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Corral Gudino, L"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296247", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461288, "title": "Patients with Common Cold Coronaviruses Tested Negative for IgG Antibody to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Brecher, Stephen M", "Dryjowicz-Burek, Jonathan", "Yu, Hongbo", "Campbell, Sheldon", "Ratcliffe, Nora", "Gupta, Kalpana"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461288", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The need for accurate antibody testing in patients following symptomatic or asymptomatic infections with SARS-CoV-2 is well documented.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32145402, "pmcid": "PMC7128263", "title": "Traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 treatment.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Ren, Jun-Ling", "Zhang, Ai-Hua", "Wang, Xi-Jun"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145402", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510142, "title": "alpha-glucosidase inhibitors as host-directed antiviral agents with potential for the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Biochem Soc Trans", "authors": ["Williams, Spencer J", "Goddard-Borger, Ethan D"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510142", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has pushed the health systems of many countries to breaking point and precipitated social distancing measures that have crippled economic activities across the globe. A return to normality is unlikely until effective therapeutics and a vaccine are available. The immediacy of this problem suggests that drug strategies should focus on repurposing approved drugs or late-stage clinical candidates, as these have the shortest path to use in the clinic. Here, we review and discuss the role of host cell N-glycosylation pathways to virus replication and the drugs available to disrupt these pathways. In particular, we make a case for evaluation of the well-tolerated drugs miglitol, celgosivir and especially miglustat for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32320040, "pmcid": "PMC7188109", "title": "Health system, public health, and economic implications of managing COVID-19 from a cardiovascular perspective.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Carter, Paul", "Anderson, Michael", "Mossialos, Elias"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320040", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249102, "pmcid": "PMC7102520", "title": "Recommendations and guidance for providing pharmaceutical care services during COVID-19 pandemic: A China perspective.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Zheng, Si-Qian", "Yang, Li", "Zhou, Peng-Xiang", "Li, Hui-Bo", "Liu, Fang", "Zhao, Rong-Sheng"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249102", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), which was first detected in Wuhan City, has now became a pandemic that affecting patients around the world. Particularly, the community patient population are at high risk of infection and are facing potential failure of proper medication use during the pandemic. To discuss community pharmacists' role and the content of pharmaceutical care (PC) during the novel coronavirus pandemic to promote effective prevention and control and safe drug use of the community patient population. Collect and summarize the experience Chinese community pharmacies gained from providing pharmacy services during the COVID-19 outbreak, and taking patients' PC needs into consideration, analyze and discuss the methods and strategies that community pharmacies and pharmacists shall use to provide PC during the pandemic. Community pharmacy management teams shall support PC services by providing adequate supply of COVID-19 related medications and preventative products, following environment regulations, and providing sufficient staff trainings. Pharmacists shall use various approaches to provide PC services in drug dispensing, consulting and referrals, chronic disease management, safe use of infusions, patient education, home care guidance and psychological support to promote the COVID-19 pandemic control and ensure safe medication use of community patients during the pandemic. PC services in communities during the COVID-19 shall possess different properties due to disease characteristics and related change in patients' need. Community pharmacies shall work as a strong supporter of patient's medication and protective equipment supply. Community pharmacists shall be prepared to provide skilled and effective PC services for community patient population to ensure medication safety and promote the overall COVID-19 pandemic control."}, {"pmid": 32434602, "pmcid": "PMC7272690", "title": "Covid-19, child and adolescent mental health - Croatian (in)experience.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Franic, Tomislav", "Dodig-Curkovic, Katarina"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434602", "countries": ["Croatia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has caused unseen socio-economic changes all over the world, where enormous efforts are being made to preserve lives and maintain functional health systems. A secondary concern is to mitigate the severe economic consequences of the crisis. Different approaches have been adopted with varying outcomes and experiences. But regardless of the different approaches taken, one thing is common for all societies during this pandemic: fear and anxiety. This fear extends from concerns about the present situation, for the health and well-being of family members and loved ones from Covid-19 infection, to fears relating to how long the crisis will last, to the potential economic consequences of the pandemic (perhaps not seen in our lifetimes) and the ultimate fear of future uncertainty. Across the world, health systems are being faced with unprecedented challenges. At their core, these challenges are the same: how to beat Covid-19. Certainly, there are differences in how individual systems are organized and how they address the main issues arising from the pandemic while not forgetting the ongoing healthcare needs of the general population. In this paper, we share some perspectives from Croatia regarding Child and Adolescent Mental Health services (CAMHs) in these extraordinary circumstances. We give our personal insights on deficiencies in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services prior to the arrival of Covid-19, which have contributed to difficulties in mitigating and managing the ongoing crisis."}, {"pmid": 32383171, "pmcid": "PMC7267605", "title": "Asymptomatic cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Yishan", "Kang, Hanyujie", "Liu, Xuefeng", "Tong, Zhaohui"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383171", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 March 2020, Chinese Health Authorization announced that numbers of asymptomatic cases with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection will be made to the public daily. This was a very important step since different counties have different capacities for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection and control strategy for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak. We summarized the characteristics of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and the transmission potential of asymptomatic cases. Then we provided guidelines for the management of asymptomatic cases through quarantine and nucleic acid/serology tests."}, {"pmid": 32286539, "title": "People power: How India is attempting to slow the coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Vaidyanathan, Gayathri"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286539", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259878, "pmcid": "PMC7235511", "title": "A case of exacerbation of psoriasis after oseltamivir and hydroxychloroquine in a patient with COVID-19: Will cases of psoriasis increase after COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kutlu, Omer", "Metin, Ahmet"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259878", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437004, "title": "Hepatic complications of COVID-19 and its treatment.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Tian, Dandan", "Ye, Qing"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437004", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is highly contagious and has a variety of clinical manifestations, it can affect a number of other organs in addition to the lungs, and liver injury may occur. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 can cause liver injury through systemic inflammatory response syndrome, cytokine storms, ischemia-reperfusion injury, side effects of treatment drugs, and underlying liver disease and can attack liver cells directly via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Clinical studies have found that liver injury in COVID-19 patients mainly manifests as abnormal liver biochemical indicators, but there have been no reports of liver failure caused by this disease. The number of COVID-19 patients with liver injury is increasing, and the incidence of liver injury in COVID-19 patients with severe disease are higher than in patients with mild disease. Liver injury may be a risk factor, which worsens in patients with COVID-19, and hence it is necessary to pay attention to the occurrence of liver injury in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32309403, "pmcid": "PMC7154410", "title": "CT imaging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): from the qualitative to quantitative.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Qi, Xiaolong", "Lei, Junqiang", "Yu, Qian", "Xi, Yarong", "Wang, Yuancheng", "Ju, Shenghong"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309403", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427192, "pmcid": "PMC7232599", "title": "[Statement of the Austrian Society of Pneumology (ASP)].", "journal": "Wien Klin Mag", "authors": ["Flick, H", "Arns, B M", "Bolitschek, J", "Bucher, B", "Cima, K", "Gingrich, E", "Handzhiev, S", "Hochmair, M", "Horak, F", "Idzko, M", "Jaksch, P", "Kovacs, G", "Kropfmuller, R", "Lamprecht, B", "Loffler-Ragg, J", "Meilinger, M", "Olschewski, H", "Pfleger, A", "Puchner, B", "Puelacher, C", "Prior, C", "Rodriguez, P", "Salzer, H", "Schenk, P", "Schindler, O", "Stelzmuller, I", "Strenger, V", "Taubl, H", "Urban, M", "Wagner, M", "Wimberger, F", "Zacharasiewicz, A", "Zwick, R H", "Eber, E"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427192", "countries": ["Austria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is currently a\u00a0challenge worldwide. In Austria, a crisis within the health care system has so far been avoided. The treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), including SARS-CoV\u20112 infections, should continue to be based on evidence-based CAP guidelines during the pandemic. However, COVID-19-specific adjustments are useful. The treatment of patients with chronic lung diseases must be adapted during the pandemic, but must still be guaranteed."}, {"pmid": 32496027, "pmcid": "PMC7271647", "title": "Fast news or fake news?: The advantages and the pitfalls of rapid publication through pre-print servers during a pandemic.", "journal": "EMBO Rep", "authors": ["King, Anthony"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496027", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pre-print servers have helped to rapidly publish important information during the COVID-19 pandemic. The downside is the risk of spreading false information or fake news though."}, {"pmid": 32486618, "title": "Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on postgraduate medical education in a Singaporean academic medical institution.", "journal": "Korean J Med Educ", "authors": ["Sia, Ching-Hui", "Tan, Benjamin Yong-Qiang", "Ooi, Shirley Beng Suat"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486618", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525099, "title": "Responding to COVID-19 in Hong Kong.", "journal": "Hong Kong Med J", "authors": ["To, K K W", "Yuen, K Y"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525099", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32183937, "pmcid": "PMC7078827", "title": "Updated rapid risk assessment from ECDC on the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: increased transmission in the EU/EEA and the UK.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Eurosurveillance Editorial Team"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32183937", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349902, "pmcid": "PMC7151269", "title": "Toward a consensus view in the management of acute facial injuries during the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Holmes, Simon", "Bhatti, Nabeel", "Bhandari, Rishi", "Chatzopoulou, Domniki"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349902", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In these unprecedented times, OMFS surgeons are faced with dilemmas over the priority of treatment, safety of staff, safety of patients and the most appropriate use of available resources. Efforts should be made to provide the best evidence-based care, which will mean revisiting old techniques, and risk stratifying patients on a case by case basis. Recent experience from colleagues internationally has shown that even the wealthiest health care infrastructure is at best fragile. We hope this paper will add to the debate and hopefully provide a framework for decision making in OMFS trauma care during this difficult time."}, {"pmid": 32286863, "title": "COVID-19, Arrhythmic Risk and Inflammation: Mind the Gap!", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Lazzerini, Pietro Enea", "Boutjdir, Mohamed", "Capecchi, Pier Leopoldo"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286863", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292622, "pmcid": "PMC7102575", "title": "Preventing intra-hospital infection and transmission of COVID-19 in healthcare workers.", "journal": "Saf Health Work", "authors": ["Hoe Gan, Wee", "Wah Lim, John", "Koh, David"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292622", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses an occupational health risk to healthcare workers. Several thousand healthcare workers have already been infected, mainly in China. Preventing intra-hospital transmission of the communicable disease is therefore a priority. Based on the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model, the strategies and measures to protect healthcare workers in an acute tertiary hospital are described along the domains of work task, technologies and tools, work environmental factors, and organizational conditions. The principle of zero occupational infection remains an achievable goal that all healthcare systems need to strive for in the face of a potential pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32377932, "pmcid": "PMC7201112", "title": "Animal-to-Human Viral Transitions: Is SARS-CoV-2 an Evolutionarily Successful One?", "journal": "J Mol Evol", "authors": ["Voskarides, Konstantinos"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377932", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Transmission of viruses from one species to another is not unusual in nature. Despite this, evolutionarily successful transmissions are rare. Such events can cause pandemics and are followed by host-virus coevolution procedures that can increase the fitness potential of viruses. In this perspective article, I recognize eight main types of trans-species viral transmission. I consider two of them as evolutionarily successful, explaining why coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 could be one of them."}, {"pmid": 32275178, "pmcid": "PMC7200864", "title": "Harnessing innate immunity to eliminate SARS-CoV-2 and ameliorate COVID-19 disease.", "journal": "Physiol Genomics", "authors": ["Golonka, Rachel M", "Saha, Piu", "Yeoh, Beng San", "Chattopadhyay, Saurabh", "Gewirtz, Andrew T", "Joe, Bina", "Vijay-Kumar, Matam"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275178", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240094, "pmcid": "PMC7124956", "title": "Use of Rapid Online Surveys to Assess People's Perceptions During Infectious Disease Outbreaks: A Cross-sectional Survey on COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Geldsetzer, Pascal"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240094", "countries": ["United States", "India", "United Kingdom", "China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the extensive time needed to conduct a nationally representative household survey and the commonly low response rate of phone surveys, rapid online surveys may be a promising method to assess and track knowledge and perceptions among the general public during fast-moving infectious disease outbreaks. This study aimed to apply rapid online surveying to determine knowledge and perceptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the general public in the United States and the United Kingdom. An online questionnaire was administered to 3000 adults residing in the United States and 3000 adults residing in the United Kingdom who had registered with Prolific Academic to participate in online research. Prolific Academic established strata by age (18-27, 28-37, 38-47, 48-57, or \u226558 years), sex (male or female), and ethnicity (white, black or African American, Asian or Asian Indian, mixed, or \"other\"), as well as all permutations of these strata. The number of participants who could enroll in each of these strata was calculated to reflect the distribution in the US and UK general population. Enrollment into the survey within each stratum was on a first-come, first-served basis. Participants completed the questionnaire between February 23 and March 2, 2020. A total of 2986 and 2988 adults residing in the United States and the United Kingdom, respectively, completed the questionnaire. Of those, 64.4% (1924/2986) of US participants and 51.5% (1540/2988) of UK participants had a tertiary education degree, 67.5% (2015/2986) of US participants had a total household income between US $20,000 and US $99,999, and 74.4% (2223/2988) of UK participants had a total household income between \u00a315,000 and \u00a374,999. US and UK participants' median estimate for the probability of a fatal disease course among those infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was 5.0% (IQR 2.0%-15.0%) and 3.0% (IQR 2.0%-10.0%), respectively. Participants generally had good knowledge of the main mode of disease transmission and common symptoms of COVID-19. However, a substantial proportion of participants had misconceptions about how to prevent an infection and the recommended care-seeking behavior. For instance, 37.8% (95% CI 36.1%-39.6%) of US participants and 29.7% (95% CI 28.1%-31.4%) of UK participants thought that wearing a common surgical mask was \"highly effective\" in protecting them from acquiring COVID-19, and 25.6% (95% CI 24.1%-27.2%) of US participants and 29.6% (95% CI 28.0%-31.3%) of UK participants thought it was prudent to refrain from eating at Chinese restaurants. Around half (53.8%, 95% CI 52.1%-55.6%) of US participants and 39.1% (95% CI 37.4%-40.9%) of UK participants thought that children were at an especially high risk of death when infected with SARS-CoV-2. The distribution of participants by total household income and education followed approximately that of the US and UK general population. The findings from this online survey could guide information campaigns by public health authorities, clinicians, and the media. More broadly, rapid online surveys could be an important tool in tracking the public's knowledge and misperceptions during rapidly moving infectious disease outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32287786, "pmcid": "PMC7131298", "title": "Coronavirus spreads.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Hamzelou, Jessica"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287786", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The deadly virus that emerged in Wuhan, China, may be much more contagious than initially thought. Jessica Hamzelou reports."}, {"pmid": 32523871, "pmcid": "PMC7263243", "title": "Acute symptomatic hyponatremia in setting of SIADH as an isolated presentation of COVID-19.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Habib, Mhd Baraa", "Sardar, Sundus", "Sajid, Jamal"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523871", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is one of the most common causes of hyponatremia in hospitalized patients. Wide spectrum of etiologies associated with hyponatremia pose significant challenges in detecting and treating this disorder. Several infectious causes of SIADH have been reported; however, hyponatremia associated with SIADH and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was only recently mentioned in a few case reports. We discuss a unique presentation of COVID-19, in which the patient presented with acute severe symptomatic hyponatremia thought to be the initial and isolated presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32525705, "title": "Staying Connected In The COVID-19 Pandemic: Telehealth At The Largest Safety-Net System In The United States.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Lau, Jen", "Knudsen, Janine", "Jackson, Hannah", "Wallach, Andrew B", "Bouton, Michael", "Natsui, Shaw", "Philippou, Christopher", "Karim, Erfan", "Silvestri, David M", "Avalone, Lynsey", "Zaurova, Milana", "Schatz, Daniel", "Sun, Vivian", "Chokshi, Dave A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525705", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "NYC Health + Hospitals (NYC H+H) is the largest safety net health care delivery system in the United States. Prior to the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, NYC H+H served over one million patients, including the most vulnerable New Yorkers, and billed fewer than 500 telehealth visits monthly. Once the pandemic struck, we established a strategy to allow us to continue to serve existing patients and treat the surge of new patients. Starting in March\u00a02020 we were able to transform the system using virtual care platforms through which we conducted almost 83,000 billable televisits in one month and more than 30,000 behavioral health encounters via telephone and video. Telehealth also enabled us to support patient-family communication, post-discharge follow-up, and palliative care for COVID-19 patients. Expanded Medicaid coverage and insurance reimbursement for telehealth played a pivotal role in this transformation. As we move to a new blend of virtual and in-person care, it is vital that the major regulatory and insurance changes undergirding our COVID-19 telehealth response be sustained to protect access for our most vulnerable patients. [Editor's Note: This Fast Track Ahead Of Print article is the accepted version of the manuscript. The final edited version will appear in an upcoming issue of Health Affairs.]."}, {"pmid": 32347790, "pmcid": "PMC7202095", "title": "Mechanical Thrombectomy in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Emergency Preparedness for Neuroscience Teams: A Guidance Statement From the Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Nguyen, Thanh N", "Abdalkader, Mohamad", "Jovin, Tudor G", "Nogueira, Raul G", "Jadhav, Ashutosh P", "Haussen, Diogo C", "Hassan, Ameer E", "Novakovic, Roberta", "Sheth, Sunil A", "Ortega-Gutierrez, Santiago", "Panagos, Peter D", "Cordina, Steve M", "Linfante, Italo", "Mansour, Ossama Yassin", "Malik, Amer M", "Narayanan, Sandra", "Masoud, Hesham E", "Chou, Sherry Hsiang-Yi", "Khatri, Rakesh", "Janardhan, Vallabh", "Yavagal, Dileep R", "Zaidat, Osama O", "Greer, David M", "Liebeskind, David S"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347790", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444346, "pmcid": "PMC7235601", "title": "Effective strategies to prevent in-hospital infection in the emergency department during the novel coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Kung, Chia-Te", "Wu, Kuan-Han", "Wang, Chih-Chi", "Lin, Meng-Chih", "Lee, Chen-Hsiang", "Lien, Mei-Huai"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444346", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413319, "pmcid": "PMC7252096", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Is Detected in Specific Cell Subsets across Tissues.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Ziegler, Carly G K", "Allon, Samuel J", "Nyquist, Sarah K", "Mbano, Ian M", "Miao, Vincent N", "Tzouanas, Constantine N", "Cao, Yuming", "Yousif, Ashraf S", "Bals, Julia", "Hauser, Blake M", "Feldman, Jared", "Muus, Christoph", "Wadsworth, Marc H 2nd", "Kazer, Samuel W", "Hughes, Travis K", "Doran, Benjamin", "Gatter, G James", "Vukovic, Marko", "Taliaferro, Faith", "Mead, Benjamin E", "Guo, Zhiru", "Wang, Jennifer P", "Gras, Delphine", "Plaisant, Magali", "Ansari, Meshal", "Angelidis, Ilias", "Adler, Heiko", "Sucre, Jennifer M S", "Taylor, Chase J", "Lin, Brian", "Waghray, Avinash", "Mitsialis, Vanessa", "Dwyer, Daniel F", "Buchheit, Kathleen M", "Boyce, Joshua A", "Barrett, Nora A", "Laidlaw, Tanya M", "Carroll, Shaina L", "Colonna, Lucrezia", "Tkachev, Victor", "Peterson, Christopher W", "Yu, Alison", "Zheng, Hengqi Betty", "Gideon, Hannah P", "Winchell, Caylin G", "Lin, Philana Ling", "Bingle, Colin D", "Snapper, Scott B", "Kropski, Jonathan A", "Theis, Fabian J", "Schiller, Herbert B", "Zaragosi, Laure-Emmanuelle", "Barbry, Pascal", "Leslie, Alasdair", "Kiem, Hans-Peter", "Flynn, JoAnne L", "Fortune, Sarah M", "Berger, Bonnie", "Finberg, Robert W", "Kean, Leslie S", "Garber, Manuel", "Schmidt, Aaron G", "Lingwood, Daniel", "Shalek, Alex K", "Ordovas-Montanes, Jose"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413319", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is pressing urgency to understand the pathogenesis of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus clade 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes the disease COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein binds angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and in concert with host proteases, principally transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), promotes cellular entry. The cell subsets targeted by SARS-CoV-2 in host tissues and the factors that regulate ACE2 expression remain unknown. Here, we leverage human, non-human primate, and mouse single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets across health and disease to uncover putative targets of SARS-CoV-2 among tissue-resident cell subsets. We identify ACE2 and TMPRSS2 co-expressing cells within lung type II pneumocytes, ileal absorptive enterocytes, and nasal goblet secretory cells. Strikingly, we discovered that ACE2 is a human interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) in\u00a0vitro using airway epithelial cells and extend our findings to in\u00a0vivo viral infections. Our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 could exploit species-specific interferon-driven upregulation of ACE2, a tissue-protective mediator during lung injury, to enhance infection."}, {"pmid": 32326274, "pmcid": "PMC7215665", "title": "Visiting Policies of Hospice Wards during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Environmental Scan in Taiwan.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Hsu, Ya-Chuan", "Liu, Ya-An", "Lin, Ming-Hwai", "Lee, Hsiao-Wen", "Chen, Tzeng-Ji", "Chou, Li-Fang", "Hwang, Shinn-Jang"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326274", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During an epidemic, almost all healthcare facilities restrict the visiting of patients to prevent disease transmission. For hospices with terminally ill patients, the trade-off between compassion and infection control becomes a difficult decision. This study aimed to survey the changes in visiting policy for all 76 hospice wards in Taiwan during the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. The altered visiting policies were assessed by the number of visitors per patient allowed at one time, the daily number of visiting slots, the number of hours open daily, and requisites for hospice ward entry. The differences in visiting policies between hospice wards and ordinary wards were also investigated. Data were collected by reviewing the official website of each hospital and were supplemented by phone calls in cases where no information was posted on the website. One quarter (n = 20) of hospice wards had different visiting policies to those of ordinary wards in the same hospital. Only one hospice ward operated an open policy, and in contrast, nine (11.8%) stopped visits entirely. Among the 67 hospice wards that allowed visiting, at most, two visitors at one time per patient were allowed in 46 (68.6%), one visiting time daily was allowed in 32 (47.8%), one hour of visiting per day was allowed in 29 (43.3%), and checking of identity and travel history was carried out in 12 wards (17.9%). During the COVID-19 pandemic, nearly all hospice wards in Taiwan changed their visiting policies, but the degree of restriction varied. Further studies could measure the impacts of visiting policy changes on patients and healthcare professionals."}, {"pmid": 32422996, "title": "Highly Conserved Homotrimer Cavity Formed by the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein: A Novel Binding Site.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Kalathiya, Umesh", "Padariya, Monikaben", "Mayordomo, Marcos", "Lisowska, Malgorzata", "Nicholson, Judith", "Singh, Ashita", "Baginski, Maciej", "Fahraeus, Robin", "Carragher, Neil", "Ball, Kathryn", "Haas, Juergen", "Daniels, Alison", "Hupp, Ted R", "Alfaro, Javier Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422996", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An important stage in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) life cycle is the binding of the spike (S) protein to the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) host cell receptor. Therefore, to explore conserved features in spike protein dynamics and to identify potentially novel regions for drugging, we measured spike protein variability derived from 791 viral genomes and studied its properties by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The findings indicated that S2 subunit (heptad-repeat 1 (HR1), central helix (CH), and connector domain (CD) domains) showed low variability, low fluctuations in MD, and displayed a trimer cavity. By contrast, the receptor binding domain (RBD) domain, which is typically targeted in drug discovery programs, exhibits more sequence variability and flexibility. Interpretations from MD simulations suggest that the monomer form of spike protein is in constant motion showing transitions between an \"up\" and \"down\" state. In addition, the trimer cavity may function as a \"bouncing spring\" that may facilitate the homotrimer spike protein interactions with the ACE2 receptor. The feasibility of the trimer cavity as a potential drug target was examined by structure based virtual screening. Several hits were identified that have already been validated or suggested to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 virus in published cell models. In particular, the data suggest an action mechanism for molecules including Chitosan and macrolides such as the mTOR (mammalian target of Rapamycin) pathway inhibitor Rapamycin. These findings identify a novel small molecule binding-site formed by the spike protein oligomer, that might assist in future drug discovery programs aimed at targeting the coronavirus (CoV) family of viruses."}, {"pmid": 32302998, "pmcid": "PMC7164328", "title": "Editorial. Task shifting and task sharing for neurosurgeons amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Robertson, Faith C", "Lippa, Laura", "Broekman, Marike L D"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302998", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454497, "title": "COVID-19 and Nasal Cytobrush Cytology.", "journal": "Acta Cytol", "authors": ["Gelardi, Matteo", "Notargiacomo, Mario", "Trecca, Eleonora M C", "Cassano, Michele", "Ciprandi, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454497", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418055, "pmcid": "PMC7229881", "title": "COVID-19 virus may have neuroinvasive potential and cause neurological complications: a perspective review.", "journal": "J Neurovirol", "authors": ["Sepehrinezhad, Ali", "Shahbazi, Ali", "Negah, Sajad Sahab"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418055", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported at the end of 2019 in China for the first time and has rapidly spread throughout the world as a pandemic. Since COVID-19 causes mild to severe acute respiratory syndrome, most studies in this field have only focused on different aspects of pathogenesis in the respiratory system. However, evidence suggests that COVID-19 may affect the central nervous system (CNS). Given the outbreak of COVID-19, it seems necessary to perform investigations on the possible neurological complications in patients who suffered from COVID-19. Here, we reviewed the evidence of the neuroinvasive potential of coronaviruses and discussed the possible pathogenic processes in CNS infection by COVID-19 to provide a precise insight for future studies."}, {"pmid": 32358130, "title": "An update on our response to Covid-19.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358130", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BVA is working hard to keep the veterinary profession informed and supported during these challenging and unpredictable times."}, {"pmid": 32515974, "title": "Spiky Nanostructures with Geometry-matching Topography for Virus Inhibition.", "journal": "Nano Lett", "authors": ["Nie, Chuanxiong", "Stadtmuller, Marlena", "Yang, Hua", "Xia, Yi", "Wolff, Thorsten", "Cheng, Chong", "Haag, Rainer"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515974", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Geometry-matching has been known to benefit the formation of stable biological interactions in natural systems. Herein, we report that the spiky nanostructures with matched topography to the influenza A virus (IAV) virions could be used to design next-generation advanced virus inhibitors. We demonstrated that nanostructures with spikes between 5 and 10 nm bind significantly better to virions than smooth nanoparticles, due to the short spikes inserting into the gaps of glycoproteins of the IAV virion. Furthermore, an erythrocyte membrane (EM) was coated to target the IAV, and the obtained EM-coated nanostructures could efficiently prevent IAV virion binding to the cells and inhibit subsequent infection. In a postinfection study, the EM-coated nanostructures reduced >99.9% virus replication at the cellular nontoxic dosage. We predict that such a combination of geometry-matching topography and cellular membrane coating will also push forward the development of nanoinhibitors for other virus strains, including SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32501145, "title": "Venous thromboembolism in patients with COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2 infection) - a position paper of the German Society of Angiology (DGA).", "journal": "Vasa", "authors": ["Linnemann, Birgit", "Bauersachs, Rupert", "Grebe, Mathias", "Klamroth, Robert", "Muller, Oliver", "Schellong, Sebastian", "Lichtenberg, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501145", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": " As observed in other infections with a systemic inflammatory response, severe COVID-19 is associated with hypercoagulability and a prothrombotic state. Currently, there is growing evidence that pulmonary embolism and thrombosis contribute to adverse outcomes and increased mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19. The optimal thromboprophylactic regimen for patients with COVID-19 is not known. Whereas pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis is generally recommended for all hospitalized COVID-19 patients, adequate dosing of anticoagulants remains a controversial issue. Therefore, we summarize current evidence from the available literature and, on behalf of the German Society of Angiology (DGA), we aim to provide advice to establish an improved and more uniform strategy for thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32527056, "title": "Preparedness and Preventive Behaviors for a Pandemic Disaster Caused by COVID-19 in Serbia.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Cvetkovic, Vladimir M", "Nikolic, Neda", "Radovanovic Nenadic, Una", "Ocal, Adem", "K Noji, Eric", "Zecevic, Miodrag"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527056", "countries": ["China", "Serbia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The disease was first detected in Wuhan, the capital of China's Hubei province, in December 2019 and has since spread globally, especially to Europe and North America, resulting in the ongoing global coronavirus pandemic disaster of 2019-2020. Although most cases have mild symptoms, there is some progression to viral pneumonia and multi-organ failure and death. More than 4.6 million cases have been registered across 216 countries and territories as of 19 April 2020, resulting in more than 311,000 deaths. Risk to communities with continued widespread disease transmission depends on characteristics of the virus, including how well it spreads between people; the severity of resulting illness; and the medical or other measures available to control the impact of the virus (for example, vaccines or medications that can treat the illness) and the relative success of these. In the absence of vaccines or medications, non-pharmaceutical interventions were the most important response strategy based on community interventions such as person-to-person distancing, mask-wearing, isolation and good personal hygiene (hand-washing)-all of which have been demonstrated can reduce the impact of this seemingly unstoppable globally spreading natural disaster. This paper presents the results of quantitative research regarding the level of citizen preparedness for disasters caused by coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Serbia. The survey was conducted using a questionnaire that was requested and then collected online among 975 respondents during disaster in April 2020. The questionnaire examined citizens' basic socio-economic and demographic characteristics, their knowledge, preparedness, risk perception and preventive measures taken individually and as a community to prevent the death and widespread transmission of novel coronavirus disease 2019 in the Republic of Serbia. Based on the findings that there are major differences in the public's perception of risks posed by communicable disease threats such as presented by COVID-19, emergency management agencies should use these differences to develop targeted strategies to enhance community and national preparedness by promoting behavioral change and improving risk management decision-making."}, {"pmid": 32338164, "pmcid": "PMC7222627", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) targeting: an in silico perspective.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Elfiky, Abdo A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338164", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New treatment against SARS-CoV-2 now is a must. Nowadays, the world encounters a huge health crisis by the COVID-19 viral infection. Nucleotide inhibitors gave a lot of promising results in terms of its efficacy against different viral infections. In this work, molecular modeling, docking, and dynamics simulations are used to build a model for the viral protein RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and test its binding affinity to some clinically approved drugs and drug candidates. Molecular dynamics is used to equilibrate the system upon binding calculations to ensure the successful reproduction of previous results, to include the dynamics of the RdRp, and to understand how it affects the binding. The results show the effectiveness of Sofosbuvir, Ribavirin, Galidesivir, Remdesivir, Favipiravir, Cefuroxime, Tenofovir, and Hydroxychloroquine, in binding to SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. Additionally, Setrobuvir, YAK, and IDX-184, show better results, while four novel IDX-184 derivatives show promising results in attaching to the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. There is an urgent need to specify drugs that can selectively bind and subsequently inhibit SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The availability of a punch of FDA-approved anti-viral drugs can help us in this mission, aiming to reduce the danger of COVID-19. The compounds 2 and 3 may tightly bind to the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp and so may be successful in the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32398833, "title": "Include the true value of nature when rebuilding economies after coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398833", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441869, "title": "Good deeds and cheap marketing-The food industry in the times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["White, Mariel", "Nieto, Claudia", "Barquera, Simon"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441869", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The consumption of ultra-processed foods is one of the main drivers of the global obesity and non-communicable disease (NCDs) epidemic1 . It is well known that obesity is associated with a low intensity chronic inflammatory state that creates a suboptimal immune response,2 which negatively affects the prognosis of COVID-193 . The epidemic of obesity and COVID-19 can be viewed as a syndemic as they negatively interact with one another to exacerbate the course of disease, leading to greater complications and severe illness. Together, they create a simultaneous and significant burden on the health system4 . Thus, an in-depth analysis on the food industry's role in this pandemic and in our society is necessary."}, {"pmid": 32220020, "title": "What dermatologists could do to cope with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): a dermatologist's perspective from China.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Zhang, H", "Tang, K", "Fang, R", "Sun, Q"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220020", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265184, "title": "Ready for a long fight against the COVID-19 outbreak: an innovative model of tiered primary health care in Taiwan.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Chang, Brian Bih-Jeng", "Chiu, Tai-Yuan"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265184", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376989, "pmcid": "PMC7201909", "title": "The VODAN IN: support of a FAIR-based infrastructure for COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Hum Genet", "authors": ["Mons, Barend"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376989", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217525, "title": "Italian doctors call for protecting healthcare workers and boosting community surveillance during covid-19 outbreak.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Anelli, Filippo", "Leoni, Giovanni", "Monaco, Roberto", "Nume, Cosimo", "Rossi, Roberto Carlo", "Marinoni, Guido", "Spata, Gianluigi", "De Giorgi, Donato", "Peccarisi, Luigi", "Miani, Alessandro", "Burgio, Ernesto", "Gentile, Ivan", "Colao, Annamaria", "Triassi, Maria", "Piscitelli, Prisco"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217525", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524296, "title": "Pneumomediastinum and spontaneous pneumothorax as an extrapulmonary complication of COVID-19 disease.", "journal": "Emerg Radiol", "authors": ["Lopez Vega, Jesse Mauricio", "Parra Gordo, Maria Luz", "Diez Tascon, Aurea", "Ossaba Velez, Silvia"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524296", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new disease outbreak that causes atypical pneumonia named COVID-19, which started in China's Wuhan province, has quickly spread to a pandemic. Although the imaging test of choice for the initial study is plain chest radiograph, CT has proven useful in characterizing better the complications associated with this new infection. We describe the evolution of 3 patients presenting pneumomediastinum and spontaneous pneumothorax as a very rare complication of COVID-19 and their particular interest as a probable prognostic factor."}, {"pmid": 32521619, "title": "Redox-Modulating Agents in the Treatment of Viral Infections.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Checconi, Paola", "De Angelis, Marta", "Marcocci, Maria Elena", "Fraternale, Alessandra", "Magnani, Mauro", "Palamara, Anna Teresa", "Nencioni, Lucia"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521619", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viruses use cell machinery to replicate their genome and produce viral proteins. For this reason, several intracellular factors, including the redox state, might directly or indirectly affect the progression and outcome of viral infection. In physiological conditions, the redox balance between oxidant and antioxidant species is maintained by enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems, and it finely regulates several cell functions. Different viruses break this equilibrium and induce an oxidative stress that in turn facilitates specific steps of the virus lifecycle and activates an inflammatory response. In this context, many studies highlighted the importance of redox-sensitive pathways as novel cell-based targets for therapies aimed at blocking both viral replication and virus-induced inflammation. In the review, we discuss the most recent findings in this field. In particular, we describe the effects of natural or synthetic redox-modulating molecules in inhibiting DNA or RNA virus replication as well as inflammatory pathways. The importance of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2 is also discussed. Most of the data reported here are on influenza virus infection. We believe that this approach could be usefully applied to fight other acute respiratory viral infections characterized by a strong inflammatory response, like COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32324625, "title": "Estimating the Size of a COVID-19 Epidemic from Surveillance Systems.", "journal": "Epidemiology", "authors": ["Yue, Mu", "Clapham, Hannah E", "Cook, Alex R"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324625", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health policy makers in countries with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks face the decision of when to switch from measures that seek to contain and eliminate the outbreak to those designed to mitigate its effects. Estimates of epidemic size are complicated by surveillance systems that cannot capture all cases, and by the need for timely estimates as the epidemic is ongoing. This article provides a Bayesian methodology to estimate outbreak size from one or more surveillance systems such as virologic testing of pneumonia cases or samples from a network of general practitioners."}, {"pmid": 32401684, "title": "Virtual Cancer Care During and Beyond the COVID-19 Pandemic: We Need to Get It Right.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Meti, Nicholas", "Rossos, Peter G", "Cheung, Matthew C", "Singh, Simron"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401684", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277475, "pmcid": "PMC7262215", "title": "Staying in a Burning House: Perks and Perils of a Hotline in the Times of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Navarrete-Reyes, Ana Patricia", "Avila-Funes, Jose Alberto"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277475", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395792, "title": "COVID-19: Main therapeutic options.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Hachfi, Wissem", "Ben Lasfar, Nadia"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395792", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438459, "title": "Efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine in children with COVID-19: A call for evidence.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Martinez, Carlos E", "Fernandes, Ricardo M", "Hawcutt, Daniel B", "Sinha, Ian P", "Pacheco, Rafael Leite"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438459", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198713, "pmcid": "PMC7091172", "title": "A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility.", "journal": "Virol Sin", "authors": ["Wang, Qiong", "Qiu, Ye", "Li, Jin-Yan", "Zhou, Zhi-Jian", "Liao, Ce-Heng", "Ge, Xing-Yi"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198713", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324487, "title": "Cancer Treatment Adaptations in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Waisberg, Federico", "Enrico, Diego", "Angel, Martin", "Chacon, Matias"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324487", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32081569, "pmcid": "PMC7129623", "title": "Community pharmacist in public health emergencies: Quick to action against the coronavirus 2019-nCoV outbreak.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Ung, Carolina Oi Lam"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32081569", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019-nCoV infection that is caused by a novel strain of coronavirus was first detected in China in the end of December 2019 and declared a public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization on January 30, 2020. Community pharmacists in one of the first areas that had confirmed cases of the viral infection, Macau, joined the collaborative force in supporting the local health emergency preparedness and response arrangements. This paper aimed to improve the understanding of community pharmacists' role in case of 2019-CoV outbreak based on the practical experiences in consultation with the recommendations made by the International Pharmaceutical Federation on the Coronavirus 2019-nCoV outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32379855, "title": "Palliative Care for Patients With Cancer in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "JAMA Oncol", "authors": ["Mehta, Ambereen K", "Smith, Thomas J"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379855", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386285, "title": "Anosmia as a presenting symptom of SARS-CoV-2 infection in healthcare workers - A systematic review of the literature, case series, and recommendations for clinical assessment and management.", "journal": "Rhinology", "authors": ["Lechner, M", "Chandrasekharan, D", "Jumani, K", "Liu, J", "Gane, S", "Lund, V J", "Philpott, C", "Jayaraj, S"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386285", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare workers are at the forefront of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and are at high risk for both the contraction and subsequent spread of virus. Understanding the role of anosmia as an early symptom of infection may improve monitoring and management of SARS-CoV2 infection. We conducted a systematic review of the literature of SARS-CoV2 infection/COVID-19 and anosmia to help inform management of anosmia in healthcare works. We report a case series of healthcare workers, who presented with a loss of sense of smell secondary to COVID-19 infection to demonstrate management principles. RT-PCR was used to confirm COVID-19 positivity and psychophysical testing of olfaction was performed using the British version of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, UPSIT. The systematic literature search returned 31 articles eligible for inclusion in the study and informed our recommendations for clinical assessment and management. All three healthcare professionals who presented with loss of sense of smell subsequently tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Psychophysical testing of olfaction using the UPSIT confirmed mild and moderate microsmia in two, respectively, and normosmia at day 17 in one. Olfactory (\u00b1 gustatory) dysfunction is indicative of COVID-19 infection and thus has important implications in the context of healthcare workers, or key workers in general, who work in close contact with others if not recognised as suffering from COVID. This leads to a potentially higher likelihood of spreading the virus. In conjunction with our literature review these findings have helped with creating recommendations on the assessment and management of olfactory dysfunction during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, both for healthcare workers and patients."}, {"pmid": 32434707, "pmcid": "PMC7219398", "title": "Is the COVID-19 pandemic masking the deadlier Lassa fever epidemic in Nigeria?", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Reuben, Rine Christopher", "Danladi, Margaret M A", "Pennap, Grace Rinmecit"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434707", "countries": ["Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the COVID-19 officially declared a pandemic, Nigeria alongside other countries is directing all its resources and manpower to contain this pandemic. However, the existence of Lassa fever (LF), a more severe, zoonotic, endemic and viral haemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa virus with higher case fatality ratio (CFR) rages on across Nigeria while receiving little or no public health attention. The simultaneously increasing cases of COVID-19 and LF across Nigeria would be catastrophic unless infection prevention and control measures toward both LF and COVID-19 outbreaks are considered alongside."}, {"pmid": 32286875, "title": "CT Is Not a Screening Tool for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Erturk, Sukru Mehmet"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286875", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337769, "pmcid": "PMC7267448", "title": "Noscapine, a possible drug candidate for attenuation of cytokine release associated with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Drug Dev Res", "authors": ["Ebrahimi, Soltan A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337769", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Successful treatment of viral infections has proven to be huge challenge for modern medicine with the most effective approach being prior vaccination. The problem with vaccination is the time it takes to develop an effective vaccine, validate its safety and manufacture it in large quantities. Facing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), we simply do not have the time to develop the vaccine before thousands of people die. Therefore, any treatment which can decrease the severe symptoms due to lung damage may help attenuate mortality rates. Inactivation of ACE2 during virus fusion into the host cell may be one of the underlying reasons for intense immunological reaction seen in the lung tissue. This overreaction is probably mediated through the bradykinin receptor activation. Noscapine, a medication used for the treatment of cough, has been shown to inhibit bradykinin enhanced cough response in man. As it is already marketed in a number of countries as a cough medicine, even for children, a suitable formulation with all the required licenses is available that can be rapidly utilized in preliminary trials."}, {"pmid": 32378464, "title": "Long-term conditions and severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Robinson, Patricia"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378464", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Observation of infection trends through the course of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has indicated that those with certain pre-existing chronic conditions, such as hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obesity, are particularly likely to develop severe infection and experience disastrous sequelae, including near-fatal pneumonia. This article aims to outline how SARS-CoV-2 affects people and to consider why individuals living with long-term conditions are at increased risk from infection caused by this virus. A summary of available clinical guidelines with recommendations is presented, to provide community nurses with the up-to-date information required for protecting individuals living with a number of long-term conditions. Additionally, special measures required are outlined, so that community nurses may reflect on how to best provide nursing care for individuals living with long-term conditions and understand protection measures for individuals at increased risk from severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32425269, "pmcid": "PMC7233239", "title": "Elevated levels of IL-6 and CRP predict the need for mechanical ventilation in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Herold, Tobias", "Jurinovic, Vindi", "Arnreich, Chiara", "Lipworth, Brian J", "Hellmuth, Johannes C", "Bergwelt-Baildon, Michael von", "Klein, Matthias", "Weinberger, Tobias"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425269", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can manifest as a viral-induced hyperinflammation with multiorgan involvement. Such patients often experience rapid deterioration and need for mechanical ventilation. Currently, no prospectively validated biomarker of impending respiratory failure is available. We aimed to identify and prospectively validate biomarkers that allow the identification of patients in need of impending mechanical ventilation. Patients with COVID-19 who were hospitalized from February 29 to April 9, 2020, were analyzed for baseline clinical and laboratory findings at admission and during the disease. Data from 89 evaluable patients were available for the purpose of analysis comprising an initial evaluation cohort (n\u00a0= 40) followed by a temporally separated validation cohort (n\u00a0= 49). We identified markers of inflammation, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatinine as the variables most predictive of respiratory failure in the evaluation cohort. Maximal IL-6 level before intubation showed the strongest association with the need for mechanical ventilation, followed by maximal CRP level. The respective AUC values for IL-6 and CRP levels in the evaluation cohort were 0.97 and 0.86, and they were similar in the validation cohort (0.90 and 0.83, respectively). The calculated optimal cutoff values during the course of disease from the evaluation cohort (IL-6 level\u00a0> 80 pg/mL and CRP level\u00a0> 97 mg/L) both correctly classified 80% of patients in the validation cohort regarding their risk of respiratory failure. The maximal level of IL-6, followed by CRP level, was highly predictive of the need for mechanical ventilation. This suggests the possibility of using IL-6 or CRP level to guide escalation of treatment in patients with COVID-19-related hyperinflammatory syndrome."}, {"pmid": 32495578, "title": "[TCMATCOV--a bioinformatics platform to predict efficacy of TCM against COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Guo, Fei-Fei", "Zhang, Yu-Qi", "Tang, Shi-Huan", "Tang, Xuan", "Xu, He", "Liu, Zhong-Yang", "Huo, Rui-Li", "Li, Dong", "Yang, Hong-Jun"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495578", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is urgent need to discover effective traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) for treating coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). The development of a bioinformatic tool is beneficial to predict the efficacy of TCM against COVID-19. Here we deve-loped a prediction platform TCMATCOV to predict the efficacy of the anti-coronavirus pneumonia effect of TCM, based on the interaction network imitating the disease network of COVID-19. This COVID-19 network model was constructed by protein-protein interactions of differentially expressed genes in mouse pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV and cytokines specifically up-regulated by COVID-19. TCMATCOV adopted quantitative evaluation algorithm of disease network disturbance after multi-target drug attack to predict potential drug effects. Based on the TCMATCOV platform, 106 TCM were calculated and predicted. Among them, the TCM with a high disturbance score account for a high proportion of the classic anti-COVID-19 prescriptions used by clinicians, suggesting that TCMATCOV has a good prediction ability to discover the effective TCM. The five flavors of Chinese medicine with a disturbance score greater than 1 are mainly spicy and bitter. The main meridian of these TCM is lung, heart, spleen, liver, and stomach meridian. The TCM related with QI and warm TCM have higher disturbance score. As a prediction tool for anti-COVID-19 TCM prescription, TCMATCOV platform possesses the potential to discovery possible effective TCM against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32503705, "pmcid": "PMC7146691", "title": "Echocardiography in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Picard, Michael H", "Weiner, Rory B"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503705", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32259123, "pmcid": "PMC7114933", "title": "Daily Situation Report on Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Iran; March 17, 2020.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259123", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The main strategy of the Ministry of Health (MOH) for the control of COVID-19 is active case finding using electronic tools, taking advantage of the capacity of the national primary health care (PHC) network, and community engagement. To accomplish this, all people are asked to participate in the screening process using the MOH's self-assessment portal (salamat.gov.ir). Health workers and public volunteers actively contact suspected cases using information recorded in this portal, as well as the electronic health record (SIB portal). They actively evaluate individuals, follow-up them, and provide them with necessary information. Where needed, clients are referred to 16-hour treatment clinics, which are specifically set up for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, to the hospitals, or will be treated at home. The preliminary results of this national campaign (launched nationwide last week) is provided in this factsheet."}, {"pmid": 32308568, "pmcid": "PMC7157964", "title": "The coronavirus pandemic and aerosols: Does COVID-19 transmit via expiratory particles?", "journal": "Aerosol Sci Technol", "authors": ["Asadi, Sima", "Bouvier, Nicole", "Wexler, Anthony S", "Ristenpart, William D"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308568", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398329, "title": "An Approach to Consolidating Pediatric Hospital Beds During the COVID-19 Surge.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Franca, Urbano L", "McManus, Michael L"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398329", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342869, "pmcid": "PMC7174972", "title": "Can we prevent COVID-19 from causing victims among uninfected cancer patients?", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Ramella, Sara", "Floreno, Barnaba", "D'Angelillo, Rolando Maria", "Campanozzi, Laura Leondina", "Tambone, Vittoradolfo"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342869", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373189, "pmcid": "PMC7199122", "title": "Smoking Cessation as a Public Health Measure to Limit the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Cardiol", "authors": ["Komiyama, Maki", "Hasegawa, Koji"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373189", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has already evolved into a rapidly expanding pandemic. Risk factors for COVID-19, such as cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and diabetes, are all strongly associated with smoking habits. The effects of cigarette smoking on the transmission of the virus and worsening of COVID-19 have been less addressed. Emerging data indicate that smoking history is the major determinant of worsening COVID-19 outcomes. Smoking cessation recovers airway ciliary clearance and immune function. Thus, smoking cessation awareness is strongly encouraged as a public health measure to limit the global impact of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32268634, "title": "[Technologies and requirements of protection and disinfection in key places during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268634", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 a new respiratory infectious disease, has become an important public health problem. Inappropriate protection and disinfection measures are potential risk factors of transmission and outbreak of COVID-19 in key places. This theme issue is concerned with the prevention and control of COVID-19. Comprehensive measures and suggestions for protection and disinfection are put forward from perspectives of functional areas in key places, such as hotels, mobile cabin hospitals, passenger transport stations and public transport facilities, environment and facilities, personal protection, operation management system, etc., so as to provide technical support for the prevention and control of new respiratory infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32224769, "pmcid": "PMC7176264", "title": "Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Guidelines on the Management of Critically Ill Adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Alhazzani, Waleed", "Moller, Morten Hylander", "Arabi, Yaseen M", "Loeb, Mark", "Gong, Michelle Ng", "Fan, Eddy", "Oczkowski, Simon", "Levy, Mitchell M", "Derde, Lennie", "Dzierba, Amy", "Du, Bin", "Aboodi, Michael", "Wunsch, Hannah", "Cecconi, Maurizio", "Koh, Younsuck", "Chertow, Daniel S", "Maitland, Kathryn", "Alshamsi, Fayez", "Belley-Cote, Emilie", "Greco, Massimiliano", "Laundy, Matthew", "Morgan, Jill S", "Kesecioglu, Jozef", "McGeer, Allison", "Mermel, Leonard", "Mammen, Manoj J", "Alexander, Paul E", "Arrington, Amy", "Centofanti, John E", "Citerio, Giuseppe", "Baw, Bandar", "Memish, Ziad A", "Hammond, Naomi", "Hayden, Frederick G", "Evans, Laura", "Rhodes, Andrew"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224769", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of a rapidly spreading illness, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), affecting thousands of people around the world. Urgent guidance for clinicians caring for the sickest of these patients is needed. We formed a panel of 36 experts from 12 countries. All panel members completed the World Health Organization conflict of interest disclosure form. The panel proposed 53 questions that are relevant to the management of COVID-19 in the ICU. We searched the literature for direct and indirect evidence on the management of COVID-19 in critically ill patients in the ICU. We identified relevant and recent systematic reviews on most questions relating to supportive care. We assessed the certainty in the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach, then generated recommendations based on the balance between benefit and harm, resource and cost implications, equity, and feasibility. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of best practice recommendations. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign COVID-19 panel issued 54 statements, of which four are best practice statements, nine are strong recommendations, and 35 are weak recommendations. No recommendation was provided for six questions. The topics were: 1) infection control, 2) laboratory diagnosis and specimens, 3) hemodynamic support, 4) ventilatory support, and 5) COVID-19 therapy. The Surviving Sepsis Campaign COVID-19 panel issued several recommendations to help support healthcare workers caring for critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. When available, we will provide new evidence in further releases of these guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32232322, "pmcid": "PMC7184419", "title": "Disparities in Age-Specific Morbidity and Mortality from SARS-CoV-2 in China and the Republic of Korea.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Dudley, Joseph P", "Lee, Nam Taek"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232322", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We analyzed age- and sex-specific morbidity and mortality data from SARS-COV-2 pandemic in China and Republic of Korea (ROK). Data from China exhibit a Gaussian distribution with peak morbidity in the 50-59 years cohort, while the ROK data have a bimodal distribution with highest morbidity in the 20-29 years cohort."}, {"pmid": 32234312, "pmcid": "PMC7146697", "title": "COVID-19 in endoscopy: Time to do more?", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Thompson, Christopher C", "Shen, Lin", "Lee, Linda S"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234312", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403134, "title": "Combination dose-escalated hydroxyurea and transfusion: an approach to conserve blood during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Blood", "authors": ["Nickel, Robert Sheppard", "Margulies, Stefanie", "Frazer, Brittany", "Luban, Naomi L C", "Webb, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403134", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401598, "title": "COVID-19 Real-time RTPCR: Does Positivity on Follow up RTPCR Always Imply Infectivity?", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Suri, Tejas", "Mittal, Saurabh", "Tiwari, Pawan", "Mohan, Anant", "Hadda, Vijay", "Madan, Karan", "Guleria, Randeep"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401598", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467111, "title": "Care homes after covid-19: we need a wide ranging inquiry and reform.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bowman, Clive E"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467111", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383189, "pmcid": "PMC7267426", "title": "Re: Chilblain-like lesions on feet and hands during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["El-Azhary, Rokea"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383189", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361898, "pmcid": "PMC7195617", "title": "Sports Health During the SARS-Cov-2 Pandemic.", "journal": "Sports Med", "authors": ["Timpka, Toomas"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361898", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414755, "title": "COVID-19 and MS disease-modifying therapies.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Berger, Joseph R", "Brandstadter, Rachel", "Bar-Or, Amit"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414755", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To address concerns regarding the effect of MS disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on the expression of coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Review of the current state of knowledge regarding the viral etiology of COVID-19, mechanisms of injury by SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the effect of individual DMTs on the risk of infection and COVID-19 disease expression. Although data are limited, MS DMTs do not obviously increase the risk of acquiring symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. The severe morbidity and mortality of SARS-CoV-2 appear to be largely the consequence of an overly robust immune response rather than the consequence of unchecked viral replication. The effects of specific MS DMTs on the immune response that may increase the risk of impaired viral clearance and their potential counterbalancing beneficial effects on the development of COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome are reviewed. Although there is currently insufficient real-world experience to definitively answer the question of the effect of a specific MS DMT on COVID-19, registries presently in nascent form should provide these answers. This review provides an approach to addressing these concerns while the data are being accumulated. Early insights suggest that the risk of infection and associated morbidity of COVID-19 in this population is little different than that of the population at large."}, {"pmid": 32460378, "title": "Brazilian oral medicine and oral pathology: we are here during the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Martelli Junior, Hercilio", "Machado, Renato Assis", "Bonan, Paulo Rogerio Ferreti", "da Cruz Perez, Danyel Elias", "Pires, Fabio Ramoa", "Alves, Fabio Abreu"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460378", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11th , 2020 (https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/events-as-they-happen). As of May 19th , 2020, approximately 4,731,458 cases of contamination and 316,169 deaths from Covid-19 were recorded (https://who.sprinklr.com)."}, {"pmid": 32530160, "title": "Retrospective Analysis of 61 Cases of Children Died of Viral Pneumonia.", "journal": "Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, X B", "Du, S H", "Lu, J C", "Tan, X H", "Li, D R", "Yue, X", "Wang, Q", "Wang, H J", "Qiao, D F"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530160", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective To retrospectively analyze the forensic pathological postmortem examination and clinical data of children who died of viral pneumonia in identification of cause of death cases and to discuss the clinical characteristics and pathological features of viral pneumonia in children, in order to provide reference to pathological diagnosis of viral pneumonia in children caused by 2019 novel coronavirus \uff082019-nCoV\uff09 infection. Methods Postmortem examination data from 61 cases of children whose causes of death were identified as viral pneumonia in recent years were collected from the Center of Forensic Identification, Southern Medical University. The gender, age, clinical symptoms and pathological features were comparatively analyzed. Results Among the 61 cases of children who died of viral pneumonia, most were within 2 years old \uff0883.61%\uff09, and a large proportion died within 2 weeks after the onset of the disease \uff0891.80%\uff09. Gross changes in postmortem examination included respiratory mucosal hyperemia, pleural effusion, pulmonary swelling, variegated pulmonary pleura and serosa, as well as focal pulmonary hemorrhage and pulmonary edema. A large proportion of sick children had enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes \uff0883.61%\uff09 and thymic dysplasia \uff0821.31%\uff09. Histopathological changes included edema of alveoli and interstitial substance, pneumorrhagia\uff0cshedding of alveolar epithelial cells, serous and \uff08or\uff09 fibrous exudation in the alveoli, formation of viral inclusions, formation of transparent membranes, infiltration of inflammatory cells that mainly consisted of macrophages and lymphocytes in interstitial substance and alveoli. Viral infections often affected the heart and gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion The clinical symptoms of children with viral pneumonia are difficult to notice, and because the immune systems of children are not fully developed and they have poor immunity, they can easily become severely ill and even die. Analyzing the forensic autopsies and the histopathological characteristics could provide reference for pathological diagnosis of viral pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32276754, "pmcid": "PMC7144862", "title": "CT Manifestation of COVID-19 Pneumonia; Role of Multiplanar Imaging.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Ostad, S P", "Haseli, S", "Iranpour, P"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276754", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268196, "pmcid": "PMC7130119", "title": "COVID-19 and dengue, co-epidemics in Ecuador and other countries in Latin America: Pushing strained health care systems over the edge.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Navarro, Juan-Carlos", "Arrivillaga-Henriquez, Jazzmin", "Salazar-Loor, Jose", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268196", "countries": ["Ecuador"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326952, "pmcid": "PMC7179376", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 viral load in sputum correlates with risk of COVID-19 progression.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Yu, Xia", "Sun, Shanshan", "Shi, Yu", "Wang, Hao", "Zhao, Ruihong", "Sheng, Jifang"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326952", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416120, "pmcid": "PMC7235575", "title": "Is DPP4 inhibition a comrade or adversary in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Dalan, Rinkoo"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416120", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hypertension and Diabetes are the most common comorbid conditions in patients with COVID-19 and has been shown to adversely impact prognosis globally. It has been shown that hyperglycemia is one of the factors that increases the risk of poor outcomes in these patients. These patients are usually on multiple medications and recently a series of discussion on how Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP4i) may be beneficial in these patients has been presented. This commentary presents a nuanced debateon why the DPP4i may not bebeneficial in COVID-19 and that caution needs to be addressed in making any judgementsuntil real world data is available."}, {"pmid": 32288230, "pmcid": "PMC7138154", "title": "Will the COVID-19 pandemic make us reconsider the relevance of short food supply chains and local productions?", "journal": "Trends Food Sci Technol", "authors": ["Cappelli, Alessio", "Cini, Enrico"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288230", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431255, "pmcid": "PMC7267055", "title": "Principles of mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kuzman, Martina Rojnic", "Curkovic, Marko", "Wasserman, Danuta"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431255", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe the basic principles of mental health care during the COVID-19 pandemic that should be endorsed by the mental health professional associations and incorporated in the health strategies for the management of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main principle is that there should be no substantial differences in the provision of health care for COVID-19 between persons with pre-existing mental health disorders and the ones without previous disorders. Subsequently, the organization of the health care should reflect that as well. These principles should (a) prevent the possible effects of stigmatizing attitudes toward mental health issues, possibly leading to potentially deleterious situations, such as psychiatric patients being treated (even temporarily) separately from other patients, in psychiatric facilities, where the staff is not equipped and trained adequately for the management of COVID-19; (b) highlight the fact that patients with mental health disorders are at greater risk for developing serious complications of COVID-19 infection due to other factors-they often smoke and have comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, all associated with higher morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 infection; (c) highlight that measures should be taken to minimize the risk of the spread of infection in psychiatric wards/institutions; (d) provide a general framework for the reorganization of mental health services toward the provision of services for persons in need, including frontline medical workers and patients with COVID-19 without previous mental health problems as well as for persons with pre-existing mental health problems under new circumstances of pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32289343, "pmcid": "PMC7151420", "title": "Recurrent PCR positivity after hospital discharge of people with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Jiang, Minlin", "Li, Ya", "Han, Mingli", "Wang, Zhenhua", "Zhang, Yuhang", "Du, Xinwei"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289343", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525393, "title": "Tending and mending: Affiliative responses to the COVID-19 pandemic by healthcare professionals in Italy.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Fino, Edita", "Fino, Viola", "Mazzetti, Michela", "Russo, Paolo Maria"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525393", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The physical and social isolation measures associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, although certainly necessary to contain the spread of the virus, represent a particularly distressing aspect that might accentuate the fears and pain associated with the disease, especially for patients, their family members, and health-care professionals. Affiliative responses to the crises are emerging as ad hoc or formally endorsed practices within COVID-19 facilities in Italy, aimed at establishing links of communication between patients and family members by using new communication technologies. Tending to the emotional needs of patients and mending the affiliative connections interrupted by the disease are good examples of interdisciplinary cohesion and affiliative responses to the COVID-19 emergency. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32414712, "title": "The UK's public health response to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Scally, Gabriel", "Jacobson, Bobbie", "Abbasi, Kamran"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414712", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362681, "pmcid": "PMC7189907", "title": "Indian Society of Anaesthesiologists (ISA National) Advisory and Position Statement regarding COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Anaesth", "authors": ["Malhotra, Naveen", "Joshi, Muralidhar", "Datta, Rashmi", "Bajwa, Sukhminder Jit Singh", "Mehdiratta, Lalit"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362681", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436600, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 as an extrahepatic precipitator of acute-on-chronic liver failure.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Grosse, Karsten", "Kramer, Matthijs", "Trautwein, Christian", "Bruns, Tony"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436600", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347200, "pmcid": "PMC7189649", "title": "Strong associations and moderate predictive value of early symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 test positivity among healthcare workers, the Netherlands, March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Tostmann, Alma", "Bradley, John", "Bousema, Teun", "Yiek, Wing-Kee", "Holwerda, Minke", "Bleeker-Rovers, Chantal", "Ten Oever, Jaap", "Meijer, Corianne", "Rahamat-Langendoen, Janette", "Hopman, Joost", "van der Geest-Blankert, Nannet", "Wertheim, Heiman"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347200", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare workers (n\u2009=\u2009803) with mild symptoms were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (n\u2009=\u200990 positive) and asked to complete a symptom questionnaire. Anosmia, muscle ache, ocular pain, general malaise, headache, extreme tiredness and fever were associated with positivity. A predictive model based on these symptoms showed moderate discriminative value (sensitivity: 91.2%; specificity: 55.6%). While our models would not justify presumptive SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis without molecular confirmation, it can contribute to targeted screening strategies."}, {"pmid": 32380510, "title": "Isolation of SARS-CoV-2-related coronavirus from Malayan pangolins.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Xiao, Kangpeng", "Zhai, Junqiong", "Feng, Yaoyu", "Zhou, Niu", "Zhang, Xu", "Zou, Jie-Jian", "Li, Na", "Guo, Yaqiong", "Li, Xiaobing", "Shen, Xuejuan", "Zhang, Zhipeng", "Shu, Fanfan", "Huang, Wanyi", "Li, Yu", "Zhang, Ziding", "Chen, Rui-Ai", "Wu, Ya-Jiang", "Peng, Shi-Ming", "Huang, Mian", "Xie, Wei-Jun", "Cai, Qin-Hui", "Hou, Fang-Hui", "Chen, Wu", "Xiao, Lihua", "Shen, Yongyi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380510", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of COVID-19 poses unprecedented challenges to global health1. The new coronavirus responsible for this outbreak-SARS-CoV-2-shares high sequence identity to SARS-CoV and a bat coronavirus, RaTG132. Although bats may be the reservoir host for a variety of coronaviruses3,4, it remains unknown whether SARS-CoV-2 has additional host species. Here we show that a coronavirus, which we name pangolin-CoV, isolated from a Malayan pangolin has 100%, 98.6%, 97.8% and 90.7% amino acid identity with SARS-CoV-2 in the E, M, N and S\u00a0proteins, respectively. In particular, the receptor-binding domain of the S\u00a0protein of pangolin-CoV is almost identical to that of SARS-CoV-2, with one difference in a noncritical amino acid. Our comparative genomic analysis suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may have originated in the recombination of a virus similar to pangolin-CoV with one similar to RaTG13. Pangolin-CoV was detected in 17 out of the 25\u00a0Malayan pangolins that we analysed. Infected pangolins showed clinical signs and histological changes, and circulating antibodies against pangolin-CoV reacted with the S\u00a0protein of SARS-CoV-2. The isolation of a coronavirus from pangolins that is closely related to SARS-CoV-2 suggests that these animals have the potential to act as an intermediate host of SARS-CoV-2. This newly identified coronavirus from pangolins-the most-trafficked mammal in the illegal wildlife trade-could represent a future threat to public health if wildlife trade is not effectively controlled."}, {"pmid": 32500409, "pmcid": "PMC7270517", "title": "Implications of COVID-19 in pediatric rheumatology.", "journal": "Rheumatol Int", "authors": ["Batu, Ezgi Deniz", "Ozen, Seza"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500409", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global public health issue threatening millions of lives worldwide. Although the infection is mild in most of the affected individuals, it may cause severe clinical manifestations such as acute respiratory distress syndrome or cytokine storm leading to death. Children are affected less, and most experience a milder disease. As rheumatologists, we deal with the uncontrolled response of the immune system, and most of the drugs we use are either immune modulators or immunosuppressants. Thus, the rheumatologists participate in the multidisciplinary management of COVID-19 patients. On the other hand, our patients with rheumatic diseases constitute a vulnerable group in this pandemic. In this review, a systematic literature search was conducted utilizing MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases, and 231 COVID-19 patients with rheumatic diseases have been identified. Only one of these patients was a child. Among these, 9 (3.9%) died due to COVID-19. In light of the current data, the aspects of COVID-19 resembling rheumatic diseases, the possible reasons for why children are affected less severely, the hypothetic role of available vaccines in preventing COVID-19, the unique position of patients with rheumatic diseases in this pandemic, and the use of anti-rheumatic drugs in COVID-19 treatment are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32348474, "pmcid": "PMC7200640", "title": "Expanding our understanding of the role polyprotein conformation plays in the coronavirus life cycle.", "journal": "Biochem J", "authors": ["Gildenhuys, Samantha"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348474", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus are the causative agents in many globally concerning respiratory disease outbreaks such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). It is therefore important that we improve our understanding of how the molecular components of the virus facilitate the viral life cycle. These details will allow for the design of effective interventions. Krichel and coauthors in their article in the Biochemical Journal provide molecular details of how the viral polyprotein (nsp7-10) produced from the positive single stranded RNA genome, is cleaved to form proteins that are part of the replication/transcription complex. The authors highlight the impact the polyprotein conformation has on the cleavage efficiency of the main protease (Mpro) and hence the order of release of non-structural proteins 7-10 (nsp7-10) of the SARS-CoV. Cleavage order is important in controlling viral processes and seems to have relevance in terms of the protein-protein complexes formed. The authors made use of mass spectrometry to advance our understanding of the mechanism by which coronaviruses control nsp 7, 8, 9 and 10 production in the virus life cycle."}, {"pmid": 32457463, "title": "Scientific networks are helping African countries to access coronavirus lab supplies.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Nordling, Linda"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457463", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510283, "title": "EXPRESS: COVID-19 and stroke in Iran; a case series, and effects on stroke admissions.", "journal": "Int J Stroke", "authors": ["Mehrpour, Masoud", "Shuaib, Ashfaq", "Farahani, Mehrdad", "Hatamabadi, Hamid Reza", "Fatehi, Zahra", "Ghaffari, Mehran", "Beladi Moghadam, Nahid", "Agha Miri, Hossein", "Mansouri, Behnam", "Assarzadegan, Farhad", "Safarpour Lima, Behnam", "Hesami, Omid"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510283", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346678, "pmcid": "PMC7156792", "title": "Editorial: Loneliness and Social Isolation in Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Gerontological Social Work.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Berg-Weger, M", "Morley, J E"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346678", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429703, "title": "SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) treatment: a patent review.", "journal": "Expert Opin Ther Pat", "authors": ["Nascimento Junior, Jose Adao Carvalho", "Santos, Anamaria Mendonca", "Quintans-Junior, Lucindo Jose", "Walker, Cristiani Isabel Bandero", "Borges, Lysandro Pinto", "Serafini, Mairim Russo"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429703", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus has been responsible for several virus outbreaks since 2003, caused by SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and currently SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), the causative agent of coronavirus disease in 2019. COVID-19 has become a global public health emergency because of its high virulence and mortality capacity. This patent review aims to provide an overview of the patents that present possible treatments for SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV. To treat SARS, MERS and SARS-CoV-2, researchers have filed patents for a number of therapeutic agents. Most of the treatments found were protease inhibitors aimed at proteases such as PLpro, 3\u00a0CLpro, RNA helicase, and Spike protein, or used monoclonal antibodies and interferons. In addition, the use of Chinese folk medicine and its multitude of medicinal plants with strong antiviral properties was reinforced. Thus, these therapies used in previous epidemics can serve as an aid in the new pandemic by SARS-CoV-2 and be a starting point for new treatments. The various antiviral alternatives presented in this review offer therapeutic options to fight coronavirus infections. If shown to be effective, these drugs may be extremely important in the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32203672, "pmcid": "PMC7233337", "title": "Ventilatory Ratio in Hypercapnic Mechanically Ventilated Patients with COVID-19-associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Liu, Xiaoqing", "Liu, Xuesong", "Xu, Yonghao", "Xu, Zhiheng", "Huang, Yongbo", "Chen, Sibei", "Li, Shiyue", "Liu, Dongdong", "Lin, Zhimin", "Li, Yimin"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203672", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341791, "pmcid": "PMC7174058", "title": "Thoughts on COVID-19 and autoimmune diseases.", "journal": "Lupus Sci Med", "authors": ["Askanase, Anca D", "Khalili, Leila", "Buyon, Jill P"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341791", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over the 2 months since coronavirus first appeared in China, cases have emerged on every continent, and it is clear that patients with autoimmune diseases might also be affected. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious viral illness with a mortality rate approaching 2%. Here we discuss the challenges that patients with autoimmune diseases might face and the information on using immunomodulatory therapies like chloroquine, tocilizumab and baricitinib to quench the cytokine storm in patients with very severe COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32246915, "pmcid": "PMC7146645", "title": "Racism and discrimination in COVID-19 responses.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Devakumar, Delan", "Shannon, Geordan", "Bhopal, Sunil S", "Abubakar, Ibrahim"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246915", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32088678, "title": "Fear of the novel coronavirus.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Kelvin, David J", "Rubino, Salvatore"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088678", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427429, "title": "Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Haug, Greg", "Eapen, Mathew S", "Sohal, Sukhwinder S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427429", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340216, "pmcid": "PMC7230749", "title": "Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Calder, Philip C", "Carr, Anitra C", "Gombart, Adrian F", "Eggersdorfer, Manfred"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340216", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health practices including handwashing and vaccinations help reduce the spread and impact of infections. Nevertheless, the global burden of infection is high, and additional measures are necessary. Acute respiratory tract infections, for example, were responsible for approximately 2.38 million deaths worldwide in 2016. The role nutrition plays in supporting the immune system is well-established. A wealth of mechanistic and clinical data show that vitamins, including vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, E, and folate; trace elements, including zinc, iron, selenium, magnesium, and copper; and the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid play important and complementary roles in supporting the immune system. Inadequate intake and status of these nutrients are widespread, leading to a decrease in resistance to infections and as a consequence an increase in disease burden. Against this background the following conclusions are made: (1) supplementation with the above micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids is a safe, effective, and low-cost strategy to help support optimal immune function; (2) supplementation above the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), but within recommended upper safety limits, for specific nutrients such as vitamins C and D is warranted; and (3) public health officials are encouraged to include nutritional strategies in their recommendations to improve public health."}, {"pmid": 32467204, "pmcid": "PMC7241915", "title": "Chronic non-communicable diseases: a sacrifice on the altar of COVID-19?", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Domeyer, Philippe", "Katsari, Vasiliki", "Mariolis, Anargiros"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346359, "pmcid": "PMC7185265", "title": "Functional Fear Predicts Public Health Compliance in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Addict", "authors": ["Harper, Craig A", "Satchell, Liam P", "Fido, Dean", "Latzman, Robert D"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346359", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current context of the global pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), health professionals are working with social scientists to inform government policy on how to slow the spread of the virus. An increasing amount of social scientific research has looked at the role of public message framing, for instance, but few studies have thus far examined the role of individual differences in emotional and personality-based variables in predicting virus-mitigating behaviors. In this study, we recruited a large international community sample (N\u2009=\u2009324) to complete measures of self-perceived risk of contracting COVID-19, fear of the virus, moral foundations, political orientation, and behavior change in response to the pandemic. Consistently, the only predictor of positive behavior change (e.g., social distancing, improved hand hygiene) was fear of COVID-19, with no effect of politically relevant variables. We discuss these data in relation to the potentially functional nature of fear in global health crises."}, {"pmid": 32501820, "title": "Orthopaedic Guidelines for the COVID-19 Post-Outbreak Period: Experience from Wuhan, People's Republic of China.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Xiong, Yuan", "Chen, Lang", "Lin, Ze", "Panayi, Adriana C", "Mi, Bobin", "Liu, Guohui"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501820", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis has rapidly spread worldwide. As the earliest outbreak area of the pandemic, Wuhan, People's Republic of China, is gradually recovering to its normal state under the effective control of government authorities. Outpatient services in major hospitals are now being restored. An accumulation of asymptomatic infections is a potential risk for medical personnel, especially when there is crowding in hospitals. As the biggest center for orthopaedic patients in Wuhan, our orthopaedic outpatient department admits >300 patients per day. Optimal guidelines on how to handle this huge number of patients during the post-outbreak stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly with regard to potential asymptomatic infection, are urgently needed for orthopaedic surgeons. We have developed and proposed applicable guidelines to fill this knowledge gap, including the necessary protective strategies for medical personnel in orthopaedic outpatient and inpatient wards as well as during surgery. We also have provided mental health recommendations for health-care workers. To the best of our knowledge, these guidelines are the first of their kind for orthopaedic surgeons who are slowly reestablishing medical activity following the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32330324, "pmcid": "PMC7267354", "title": "Acral cutaneous lesions in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Recalcati, S", "Barbagallo, T", "Frasin, L A", "Prestinari, F", "Cogliardi, A", "Provero, M C", "Dainese, E", "Vanzati, A", "Fantini, F"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330324", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238429, "title": "Incidental Findings Suggestive of COVID-19 in Asymptomatic Patients Undergoing Nuclear Medicine Procedures in a High-Prevalence Region.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Albano, Domenico", "Bertagna, Francesco", "Bertoli, Mattia", "Bosio, Giovanni", "Lucchini, Silvia", "Motta, Federica", "Panarotto, Maria Beatrice", "Peli, Alessia", "Camoni, Luca", "Bengel, Frank M", "Giubbini, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238429", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may remain asymptomatic, leading to under-recognition of the related disease, coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19), and to incidental findings in nuclear imaging procedures performed for standard clinical indications. Here, we report about our local experience in a region with high COVID-19 prevalence and dynamically increasing infection rates. Methods: Within the 8-d period of March 16-24, 2020, hybrid imaging studies of asymptomatic patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT or 131I SPECT/CT for standard oncologic indications at our institution in Brescia, Italy, were analyzed for findings suggestive of COVID-19. The presence, radiologic features, and metabolic activity of interstitial pneumonia were identified, correlated with the subsequent short-term clinical course, and described in a case series. Results: Six of 65 patients (9%) who underwent PET/CT for various malignancies showed unexpected signs of interstitial pneumonia on CT and elevated regional 18F-FDG avidity. Additionally, 1 of 12 patients who received radioiodine for differentiated thyroid carcinoma also showed interstitial pneumonia on SPECT/CT. Five of 7 patients had subsequent proof of COVID-19 by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The remaining 2 patients were not tested immediately but underwent quarantine and careful monitoring. Conclusion: Incidental findings suggestive of COVID-19 may not be infrequent in hybrid imaging of asymptomatic patients in regions with an expansive spread of SARS-CoV-2. Nuclear medicine services should prepare accordingly."}, {"pmid": 32532947, "title": "Cognitive load and performance of health care professionals in donning and doffing PPE before and after a simulation-based educational intervention and its implications during the COVID-19 pandemic for biosafety.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Diaz-Guio, Diego Andres", "Ricardo-Zapata, Alejandra", "Ospina-Velez, Jeniffer", "Gomez-Candamil, Gabriel", "Mora-Martinez, Santiago", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532947", "countries": ["Colombia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is essential to avoid the COVID-19 spread to health care workers. Its use can be difficult, posing a high risk of contamination, mainly during doffing, then with the risk of becoming infected. We conducted a prospective before-and-after design that used clinical simulation as a research methodology in a clinical simulation center of Colombia. A simulation-based educational intervention with two cases related to COVID-19 was proposed in the emergency room and the intensive care unit. We conducted A workshop for donning and doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE) and a debriefing after the first case. In the pre-test, 100% of participants failed donning and doffing PPE, 98.4% were contaminated, only one-person did not contaminate out of. The mean cognitive load was high (7.43\u00b10.9 points). In the post-test, 100% were successful in donning the PPE and 94.8% in doffing; only 9.8% were contaminated. The mean of the cognitive load was low (4.1\u00b11.4 points), and the performance was high (7.9\u00b11.1). Of the total, 73.8% of participants reported overload in the doffing. The most difficulties were in gown/overall, and N95 mask removal. The PPE donning and doffing is critical and may be changed significantly by active training. In responding to the current COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, activities of training in donning and doffing PPE would provide a means of training personnel, reducing the cognitive load and maybe the risk of contamination and infection of health care workers."}, {"pmid": 32405074, "pmcid": "PMC7219376", "title": "Visualization of SARS-CoV-2 virus invading the human placenta using electron microscopy.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Algarroba, Gabriela N", "Rekawek, Patricia", "Vahanian, Sevan A", "Khullar, Poonam", "Palaia, Thomas", "Peltier, Morgan R", "Chavez, Martin R", "Vintzileos, Anthony M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405074", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411337, "pmcid": "PMC7221389", "title": "Transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Dent Sci", "authors": ["Patel, Jay"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411337", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312362, "title": "[Recommendations on the identification and transfer of children with critical diabetes during the COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312362", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most serious public health problem in China. Children with diabetes are also among the population susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Traffic problems caused by epidemic prevention and control increase the difficulty in the management of children with severe diabetes. In order to control the spread of epidemic, children with mild diabetes are advised to be managed at home and in the community. However, how to treat children with severe diabetes effectively and safely during the outbreak of COVID-19 brings great challenges to primary doctors. The Subspecialty Group of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association and the Subspecialty Group of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Doctor Association have developed the recommendations on the identification and transfer of children with critical diabetes during the COVID-19 outbreak, which provide a reference for primary doctors to quickly assess the severity of patient's condition and treat the illness accordingly, thus reducing the risk of referral infection and improving clinical prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32432895, "title": "COVID-19 Lung Injury and \"Typical\" ARDS: The Danger of Presumed Equivalency.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Kyle-Sidell, Cameron"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432895", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367645, "title": "Response to \"The COVID-19 outbreak in Italy: Initial implications for organ transplantation programs\".", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Cacciola, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367645", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490854, "title": "A novel liquid biopsy-based approach for highly specific cancer diagnostics: mitigating false responses in assaying patient plasma-derived circulating microRNAs through combined SERS and plasmon-enhanced fluorescence analyses.", "journal": "Analyst", "authors": ["Masterson, Adrianna N", "Liyanage, Thakshila", "Berman, Claire", "Kaimakliotis, Hristos", "Johnson, Merrell", "Sardar, Rajesh"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490854", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Studies have shown that microRNAs, which are small noncoding RNAs, hold tremendous promise as next-generation circulating biomarkers for early cancer detection via liquid biopsies. A novel, solid-state nanoplasmonic sensor capable of assaying circulating microRNAs through a combined surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and plasmon-enhanced fluorescence (PEF) approach has been developed. Here, the unique localized surface plasmon resonance properties of chemically-synthesized gold triangular nanoprisms (Au TNPs) are utilized to create large SERS and PEF enhancements. With careful modification to the surface of Au TNPs, this sensing approach is capable of quantifying circulating microRNAs at femtogram/microliter concentrations. Uniquely, the multimodal analytical methods mitigate both false positive and false negative responses and demonstrate the high stability of our sensors within bodily fluids. As a proof of concept, microRNA-10b and microRNA-96 were directly assayed from the plasma of six bladder cancer patients. Results show potential for a highly specific liquid biopsy method that could be used in point-of-care clinical diagnostics to increase early cancer detection or any other diseases including SARS-CoV-2 in which RNAs can be used as biomarkers."}, {"pmid": 32387057, "pmcid": "PMC7158827", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in appendicular syndrome: Chest CT scan before appendectomy.", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Pautrat, K", "Chergui, N"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387057", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The initial clinical presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 may be appendicular syndrome. An abdominal CT scan ruled out a diagnosis of appendicitis and a chest CT scan yielded a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. CT scan is required before considering emergency surgery for acute appendicitis."}, {"pmid": 32433288, "pmcid": "PMC7268825", "title": "Acute Care Surgeons' Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observations and Strategies from the Epicenter of the American Crisis.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Klein, Michael J", "Frangos, Spiros G", "Krowsoski, Leandra", "Tandon, Manish", "Bukur, Marko", "Parikh, Manish", "Cohen, Steven M", "Carter, Joseph", "Link, Robert Nathan", "Uppal, Amit", "Pachter, Hersch Leon", "Berry, Cherisse"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224074, "pmcid": "PMC7151343", "title": "Comparison of Hospitalized Patients With ARDS Caused by COVID-19 and H1N1.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Tang, Xiao", "Du, Rong-Hui", "Wang, Rui", "Cao, Tan-Ze", "Guan, Lu-Lu", "Yang, Cheng-Qing", "Zhu, Qi", "Hu, Ming", "Li, Xu-Yan", "Li, Ying", "Liang, Li-Rong", "Tong, Zhao-Hui", "Sun, Bing", "Peng, Peng", "Shi, Huan-Zhong"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224074", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China in December 2019, considerable attention has been focused on its elucidation. However, it is also important for clinicians and epidemiologists to differentiate COVID-19 from other respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza viruses. The aim of this study was to explore the different clinical presentations between COVID-19 and influenza A (H1N1) pneumonia in patients with ARDS. This analysis was a retrospective case-control study. Two independent cohorts of patients with ARDS infected with either COVID-19 (n\u00a0= 73) or H1N1 (n\u00a0= 75) were compared. Their clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, treatments, and prognosis were analyzed and compared. The median age of patients with COVID-19 was higher than that of patients with H1N1, and there was a higher proportion of male subjects among the H1N1 cohort (P\u00a0< .05). Patients with COVID-19 exhibited higher proportions of nonproductive coughs, fatigue, and GI symptoms than those of patients with H1N1 (P\u00a0< .05). Patients with H1N1 had higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores than patients with COVID-19 (P\u00a0< .05). The Pao2/Fio2 of 198.5\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg in the COVID-19 cohort was significantly higher than the Pao2/Fio2 of 107.0\u00a0mm\u00a0Hg in the H1N1 cohort (P\u00a0< .001). Ground-glass opacities was more common in patients with COVID-19 than in patients with H1N1 (P\u00a0< .001). There was a greater variety of antiviral therapies administered to COVID-19 patients than to H1N1 patients. The in-hospital mortality of patients with COVID-19 was 28.8%, whereas that of patients with H1N1 was 34.7%\u00a0(P\u00a0= .483). SOFA score-adjusted mortality of H1N1 patients was significantly higher than that of COVID-19 patients, with a rate ratio of 2.009 (95%\u00a0CI, 1.563-2.583; P\u00a0< .001). There were many differences in clinical presentations between patients with ARDS infected with either COVID-19 or H1N1. Compared with H1N1 patients, patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS had lower severity of illness scores at presentation and lower SOFA score-adjusted mortality."}, {"pmid": 32524220, "title": "Association of \"initial CT\" findings with mortality in older patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Li, Yan", "Yang, Zhenlu", "Ai, Tao", "Wu, Shandong", "Xia, Liming"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524220", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the association of chest CT findings with mortality in clinical management of older patients. From January 21 to February 14, 2020, 98 older patients (\u2265\u200960\u00a0years) who had undergone chest CT scans (\"initial CT\") on admission were enrolled. Manifestation and CT score were compared between the death group and the survival group. In each group, patients were sub-grouped based on the time interval between symptom onset and the \"initial CT\" scan: subgroup1 (interval \u2264\u20095\u00a0days), subgroup2 (interval between 6 and 10\u00a0days), and subgroup3 (interval >\u200910\u00a0days). Adjusted ROC curve after adjustment for age and gender was applied. Consolidations on CT images were more common in the death group (n\u00a0=\u200946) than in the survival group (n\u00a0=\u200952) (53.2% vs 32.0%, p\u00a0<\u20090.001). For subgroup1 and subgroup2, a higher mean CT score was found for the death group (33.0\u2009\u00b1\u200917.1 vs 12.9\u2009\u00b1\u20098.7, p\u00a0<\u20090.001; 38.8\u2009\u00b1\u200912.3 vs 24.3\u2009\u00b1\u200911.9, p\u00a0=\u20090.002, respectively) and no significant difference of CT score was identified with respect to subgroup3 (p\u00a0=\u20090.144). In subgroup1, CT score of 14.5 with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 77.3% for the prediction of mortality was an optimal cutoff value, with an adjusted AUC of 0.881. In subgroup2, CT score of 27.5 with a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 70.6% for the prediction of mortality was an optimal cutoff value, with an adjusted AUC of 0.895. \"Initial CT\" scores may be useful to speculate prognosis and stratify patients. Severe manifestation on CT at an early stage may indicate poor prognosis for older patients with COVID-19. \u2022 Severe manifestation on CT at an early stage may indicate poor prognosis for older patients with COVID-19. \u2022 Radiologists should pay attention to the time interval between symptom onsets and CT scans of patients with COVID-19. \u2022 Consolidations on CT images were more common in death patients than in survival patients."}, {"pmid": 32074550, "title": "Breakthrough: Chloroquine phosphate has shown apparent efficacy in treatment of COVID-19 associated pneumonia in clinical studies.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Gao, Jianjun", "Tian, Zhenxue", "Yang, Xu"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32074550", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) virus is spreading rapidly, and scientists are endeavoring to discover drugs for its efficacious treatment in China. Chloroquine phosphate, an old drug for treatment of malaria, is shown to have apparent efficacy and acceptable safety against COVID-19 associated pneumonia in multicenter clinical trials conducted in China. The drug is recommended to be included in the next version of the Guidelines for the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Pneumonia Caused by COVID-19 issued by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China for treatment of COVID-19 infection in larger populations in the future."}, {"pmid": 32435602, "pmcid": "PMC7227394", "title": "Nurse Expertise: A Critical Resource in the COVID-19 Pandemic Response.", "journal": "Ann Glob Health", "authors": ["Nayna Schwerdtle, Patricia", "Connell, Clifford J", "Lee, Susan", "Plummer, Virginia", "Russo, Philip L", "Endacott, Ruth", "Kuhn, Lisa"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435602", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281695, "pmcid": "PMC7262065", "title": "Existing bitter medicines for fighting 2019-nCoV-associated infectious diseases.", "journal": "FASEB J", "authors": ["Li, Xiangqi", "Zhang, Chaobao", "Liu, Lianyong", "Gu, Mingjun"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281695", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 has led to more than seven thousand deaths. Unfortunately, there are no specific drugs available to cure this disease. Type 2 taste receptors (TAS2Rs) may play an important role in host defense mechanisms. Based on the idea of host-directed therapy (HDT), we performed a negative co-expression analysis using big data of 60\u00a0000 Affymetrix expression arrays and 5000 TCGA data sets to determine the functions of TAS2R10, which can be activated by numerous bitter substances. Excitingly, we found that the main functions of TAS2R10 involved controlling infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and parasites, suggesting that TAS2R10 is a key trigger of host defense pathways. To quickly guide the clinical treatment of 2019-nCoV, we searched currently available drugs that are agonists of TAS2Rs. We identified many cheap, available, and safe medicines, such as diphenidol, quinine, chloroquine, artemisinin, chlorpheniramine, yohimbine, and dextromethorphan, which may target the most common symptoms caused by 2019-nCoV. We suggest that a cocktail-like recipe of existing bitter drugs may help doctors to fight this catastrophic disease and that the general public may drink or eat bitter substances, such as coffee, tea, or bitter vegetables, to reduce the risk of infection."}, {"pmid": 32299477, "pmcid": "PMC7160612", "title": "A case of a readmitted patient who recovered from COVID-19 in Chengdu, China.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Li, Xiao-Jin", "Zhang, Zhong-Wei", "Zong, Zhi-Yong"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299477", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246317, "pmcid": "PMC7124128", "title": "Difference of coagulation features between severe pneumonia induced by SARS-CoV2 and non-SARS-CoV2.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Yin, Shiyu", "Huang, Ming", "Li, Dengju", "Tang, Ning"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246317", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is commonly complicated with coagulopathy, the difference of coagulation features between severe pneumonia induced by SARS-CoV2 and non-SARS-CoV2 has not been analyzed. Coagulation results and clinical features of consecutive patients with severe pneumonia induced by SARS-CoV2 (COVID group) and non-SARS-CoV2 (non-COVID group) in Tongji hospital were retrospectively analyzed and compared. Whether patients with elevated D-dimer could benefit from anticoagulant treatment was evaluated. There were 449 COVID patients and 104 non-COVID patients enrolled into the study. The 28-day mortality in COVID group was approximately twofold of mortality in non-COVID group (29.8% vs. 15.4%, P\u2009=\u20090.003), COVID group were older (65.1\u2009\u00b1\u200912.0 vs. 58.4\u2009\u00b1\u200918.0, years, P\u2009<\u20090.001) and with higher platelet count (215\u2009\u00b1\u2009100 vs. 188\u2009\u00b1\u200998, \u00d7109/L, P\u2009=\u20090.015), comparing to non-COVID group. The 28-day mortality of heparin users were lower than nonusers In COVID group with D-dimer\u2009>\u20093.0 \u03bcg/mL (32.8% vs. 52.4%, P\u2009=\u20090.017). Patients with severe pneumonia induced by SARS-CoV2 had higher platelet count than those induced by non-SARS-CoV2, and only the former with markedly elevated D-dimer may benefit from anticoagulant treatment."}, {"pmid": 32442894, "pmcid": "PMC7204673", "title": "Pandemics and psychiatry: Repositioning research in context of COVID-19.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Keshavan, Matcheri S"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442894", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current Covid-19 pandemic is posing an unprecedented threat to global well-being and its mental health consequences are just becoming understood. While the crisis has led to a temporary halt in a lot of ongoing or planned psychiatric research, this pandemic is a natural experiment that can help the field to repurpose research to better understand the causes, presentations and outcome trajectories as well as treatments in psychiatry. Inter-disciplinary collaborations between researchers are needed to rapidly develop and share the emerging new knowledge of the mental health implications of Covid-19, This will help mount an effective response to the current as well as future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32335338, "pmcid": "PMC7179499", "title": "Clinical analysis of ten pregnant women with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A retrospective study.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cao, Dongmei", "Yin, Heng", "Chen, Jun", "Tang, Fei", "Peng, Min", "Li, Ruobing", "Xie, Hui", "Wei, Xiaoying", "Zhao, Yun", "Sun, Guoqiang"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335338", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is spreading globally. This study aims to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women confirmed with COVID-19 to provide reference for clinical work. The clinical features and outcomes of 10 pregnant women confirmed with COVID-19 at Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, a tertiary- care teaching hospital in Hubei province, Wuhan, China from January 23 to February 23, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. All the 10 observed pregnant women including 9 singletons and 1 twin were native people in Wuhan. All of them were diagnosed mild COVID-19, and none of the patients developed severe COVID-19 or died. Among the 10 patients, two patients underwent vaginal delivery, two patients underwent intrapartum cesarean section, and the remaining six patients underwent elective cesarean section. All of 10 patients showed lung abnormalities by pulmonary CT images after delivery. Their eleven newborns were recorded and no neonatal asphyxia was observed. Pulmonary CT screening on admission may be necessary to reduce the risk of nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 during the outbreak period. And COVID-19 is not an indication of cesarean section."}, {"pmid": 32245701, "pmcid": "PMC7138187", "title": "Is traditional Chinese medicine useful in the treatment of COVID-19?", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Kai"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245701", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463395, "title": "The involvement of the central nervous system in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Neurosci", "authors": ["Saleki, Kiarash", "Banazadeh, Mohammad", "Saghazadeh, Amene", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463395", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses disease (COVID-19) has caused major outbreaks. A novel variant, SARS-CoV-2, is responsible for COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical presentations and pathological mechanisms of COVID-19 are broad. The respiratory aspect of the disease has been extensively researched. Emerging studies point out the possibility of the central nervous system (CNS) involvement by COVID-19. Here, we discuss the current evidence for CNS involvement in COVID-19 and highlight that the high pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 might be due to its neuroinvasive potential."}, {"pmid": 32506766, "title": "Skin amidst COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Swarnkar, Bhavya", "Bhari, Neetu"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506766", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356626, "pmcid": "PMC7206931", "title": "Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Mehra, Mandeep R", "Desai, Sapan S", "Kuy, SreyRam", "Henry, Timothy D", "Patel, Amit N"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356626", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) may disproportionately affect people with cardiovascular disease. Concern has been aroused regarding a potential harmful effect of angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) in this clinical context. Using an observational database from 169 hospitals in Asia, Europe, and North America, we evaluated the relationship of cardiovascular disease and drug therapy with in-hospital death among hospitalized patients with Covid-19 who were admitted between December 20, 2019, and March 15, 2020, and were recorded in the Surgical Outcomes Collaborative registry as having either died in the hospital or survived to discharge as of March 28, 2020. Of the 8910 patients with Covid-19 for whom discharge status was available at the time of the analysis, a total of 515 died in the hospital (5.8%) and 8395 survived to discharge. The factors we found to be independently associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death were an age greater than 65 years (mortality of 10.0%, vs. 4.9% among those \u226465 years of age; odds ratio, 1.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.60 to 2.41), coronary artery disease (10.2%, vs. 5.2% among those without disease; odds ratio, 2.70; 95% CI, 2.08 to 3.51), heart failure (15.3%, vs. 5.6% among those without heart failure; odds ratio, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.62 to 3.79), cardiac arrhythmia (11.5%, vs. 5.6% among those without arrhythmia; odds ratio, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.33 to 2.86), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14.2%, vs. 5.6% among those without disease; odds ratio, 2.96; 95% CI, 2.00 to 4.40), and current smoking (9.4%, vs. 5.6% among former smokers or nonsmokers; odds ratio, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.29 to 2.47). No increased risk of in-hospital death was found to be associated with the use of ACE inhibitors (2.1% vs. 6.1%; odds ratio, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.54) or the use of ARBs (6.8% vs. 5.7%; odds ratio, 1.23; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.74). Our study confirmed previous observations suggesting that underlying cardiovascular disease is associated with an increased risk of in-hospital death among patients hospitalized with Covid-19. Our results did not confirm previous concerns regarding a potential harmful association of ACE inhibitors or ARBs with in-hospital death in this clinical context. (Funded by the William Harvey Distinguished Chair in Advanced Cardiovascular Medicine at Brigham and Women's Hospital.)."}, {"pmid": 32446798, "pmcid": "PMC7242203", "title": "Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 positive patients with diabetes managed as outpatients.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Shabto, Julie M", "Loerinc, Leah", "O'Keefe, Ghazala A", "O'Keefe, James"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446798", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We analyzed disease outcomes for patients with diabetes and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were managed outpatient and followed by the Emory COVID-19 Virtual Outpatient Management Clinic (ECVOMC). The rate of hospitalization for patients with diabetes was double the overall rate of hospitalization for patients in the ECVOMC."}, {"pmid": 32386441, "pmcid": "PMC7273089", "title": "Pregnant and postpartum women with SARS-CoV-2 infection in intensive care in Sweden.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Collin, Julius", "Bystrom, Emma", "Carnahan, AnnaSara", "Ahrne, Malin"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386441", "countries": ["Sweden"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Public Health Agency of Sweden has analyzed how many pregnant and postpartum women with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection have been treated in intensive care units (ICU) in Sweden between 19 March and 20 April 2020 compared with non-pregnant women of similar age. Cases were identified in a special reporting module within the Swedish Intensive Care Registry (SIR). Fifty-three women aged 20-45\u00a0years with SARS-CoV-2 were reported in SIR, and 13 of these women were either pregnant or postpartum (<1\u00a0week). The results indicate that the risk of being admitted to ICU may be higher in pregnant and postpartum women with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in Sweden, compared with non-pregnant women of similar age."}, {"pmid": 32361323, "pmcid": "PMC7195294", "title": "Clinical features of pediatric patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Song, Wenliang", "Li, Junhua", "Zou, Ning", "Guan, Wenhe", "Pan, Jiali", "Xu, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361323", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread around the world, and reports of children with COVID-19 are increasing. To assess clinical profiles of pediatric COVID-19. A retrospective analysis was undertaken using clinical data of sixteen children (11 months-14 years) diagnosed with COVID-19 between January 1, 2020 and March 17, 2020 at Xiangyang Central Hospital, Hubei province, China. All children had positive epidemiologic histories, 12 (12/16, 75 %) involving family units. The illnesses were either mild (5/16, 31.3 %) or ordinary (11/16, 68.8 %), presenting as follows: asymptomatic (8/16, 50 %), fever and/or cough (8/16, 50 %). Four asymptomatic patients (4/16, 25 %) in ordinary cases had chest computed tomography (CT) abnormalities. Leukocyte counts were normal in 14 cases(88 %), but 2 patients (12.5 %) had leukopenia, and 1 (6.3 %) was lymphopenic. There were 11 patients with chest CT abnormalities, some nodular, others small patchy and others ground-glass opacities. In asymptomatic children, the median time to SRAS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test(NAT) positivity once exposed to a family member with confirmed infection was 15.5 days (range, 10-26 days). The median time to first NAT-negative conversion was 5.5 days (range, 1-23 days). COVID-19 in children of Xiangyang city is often family acquired and not serious, with favorable outcomes. Asymptomatic children can be diagnosed as pneumonia because of chest CT abnormalities. It is essential to actively screen this segment of the population."}, {"pmid": 32338805, "pmcid": "PMC7267638", "title": "Tobacco use and vaping in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Singh, Arjun Gurmeet", "Chaturvedi, Pankaj"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338805", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health crises have become a popular topic of discussion. In the wave of the ongoing pandemic, experts have suggested the role of vaping and other tobacco product use exemplifying the vulnerability of the population to contract the COVID-19. We discuss some of the events that led up to these conclusions and also offer a unique insight into another form of tobacco use that is potentially propagating its spread especially in the South Asian region-chewed tobacco. Both of these have been a perennial issue that head and neck cancer surgeons have been dealing with. Governments and head and neck cancer care providers now have an opportunity to deal with a common enemy in the midst of this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32489692, "pmcid": "PMC7220297", "title": "Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs) and Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) as a Potential Therapy in Combating (COVID-19)-Disease.", "journal": "Aging Dis", "authors": ["Gentile, Pietro", "Sterodimas, Aris"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489692", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent and interesting study reported improved respiratory activity after intravenous administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into patients affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These outcomes displayed that intravenous infiltration of MSCs is a safe and efficacy treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia, a severe acute respiratory illness caused by the coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Only 7 patients were treated, but with extraordinary results, opening a new strategy in COVID-19 therapy. Currently, no specific therapies against SARS-CoV-2 are available. The MSCs therapy outcomes reported, are striking, as these cells inhibit the over-activation of the immune system, promoting endogenous repair, by improving the lung microenvironment after the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The MSCs could represent an effective, autologous and safe therapy, and therefore, sharing these published results, here is reported the potential use possibilities in COVID-19 of the most common MSCs represented by Adipose Stem Cells (ASCs)."}, {"pmid": 32518804, "pmcid": "PMC7239186", "title": "Correlation Between Chest CT Findings and Clinical Features of 211 COVID-19 Suspected Patients in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Open Forum Infect Dis", "authors": ["Song, Songlin", "Wu, Feihong", "Liu, Yiming", "Jiang, Hongwei", "Xiong, Fu", "Guo, Xiaopeng", "Zhang, Hongsen", "Zheng, Chuansheng", "Yang, Fan"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518804", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chest computed tomography (CT) has been widely used to assess pulmonary involvement in COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the correlation between chest CT and clinical features in COVID-19 suspected patients with or without fever. We retrospectively enrolled 211 COVID-19 suspected patients who underwent both chest CT and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in Wuhan, China. The performance of CT in patients with relevant onset of symptoms, with fever (n = 141) and without fever (n = 70), was assessed respectively. The sensitivity of CT for COVID-19 was 97.3%, with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66-0.76). There were 141 suspected patients with fever and 70 without fever. In the fever group, 4 variables were screened to establish the basic model: age, monocyte, red blood cell, and hypertension. The AUC of the basic model was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.63-0.81), while the AUC of the CT-aided model was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68-0.85), a significant difference (P < .05). In the nonfever group, only dry cough was screened out to establish the basic model. The AUC was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.64-0.88), which was not significantly different than the CT-aided model (P = .08). Chest CT has a high sensitivity in patients with COVID-19, and it can improve diagnostic accuracy for COVID-19 suspected patients with fever during the initial screen, whereas its value for nonfever patients remains questionable."}, {"pmid": 32299148, "title": "Considerations for Obesity, Vitamin D, and Physical Activity Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Carter, Stephen J", "Baranauskas, Marissa N", "Fly, Alyce D"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the biomedical community races to disentangle the unknowns associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus responsible for causing coronavirus disease, the link between diminished immune function and individuals with obesity raises important questions about the possibility for greater viral pathogenicity in this population. Increased adiposity may undermine the pulmonary microenvironment wherein viral pathogenesis and immune cell trafficking could contribute to a maladaptive cycle of local inflammation and secondary injury. A further challenge to those with obesity during the current pandemic may involve vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. In the interest of personal and public health, we caution decision- and policy\u00a0makers alike not to pin all hope on a proverbial \"silver bullet.\" Until further breakthroughs emerge, we should remember that modifiable lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity should not be marginalized. Decades of empirical evidence support both as key factors promoting health and wellness."}, {"pmid": 32437915, "pmcid": "PMC7206431", "title": "Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Pappa, Sofia", "Ntella, Vasiliki", "Giannakas, Timoleon", "Giannakoulis, Vassilis G", "Papoutsi, Eleni", "Katsaounou, Paraskevi"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437915", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to significantly affect the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs), who stand in the frontline of this crisis. It is, therefore, an immediate priority to monitor rates of mood, sleep and other mental health issues in order to understand mediating factors and inform tailored interventions. The aim of this review is to synthesize and analyze existing evidence on the prevalence of depression, anxiety and insomnia among HCWs during the Covid-19 outbreak. A systematic search of literature databases was conducted up to April 17th, 2020. Two reviewers independently assessed full-text articles according to predefined criteria. Risk of bias for each individual study was assessed and data pooled using random-effects meta-analyses to estimate the prevalence of specific mental health problems. The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO and is available online. Findings Thirteen studies were included in the analysis with a combined total of 33062 participants. Anxiety was assessed in 12 studies, with a pooled prevalence of 23\u00b72% and depression in 10 studies, with a prevalence rate of 22\u00b78%. A subgroup analysis revealed gender and occupational differences with female HCPs and nurses exhibiting higher rates of affective symptoms compared to male and medical staff respectively. Finally, insomnia prevalence was estimated at 38\u00b79% across 4 studies. Interpretation Early evidence suggests that a considerable proportion of HCWs experience mood and sleep disturbances during this outbreak, stressing the need to establish ways to mitigate mental health risks and adjust interventions under pandemic conditions."}, {"pmid": 32510879, "title": "Mania Precipitated by COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Stress.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Uvais, N A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510879", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500923, "title": "Go back to the basics: Cardiac surgery residents at the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Card Surg", "authors": ["Ricciardi, Gabriella", "Biondi, Raoul", "Tamagnini, Gabriele"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500923", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418622, "pmcid": "PMC7211746", "title": "Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19: World Health Organization Definitions and Coding to Support the Allergy Community and Health Professionals.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Tanno, Luciana K", "Casale, Thomas", "Demoly, Pascal"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418622", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387155, "pmcid": "PMC7190469", "title": "Digital Ischemia in COVID-19 Patients: Case Report.", "journal": "J Hand Surg Am", "authors": ["Schultz, Kathryn", "Wolf, Jennifer Moriatis"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387155", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause an immense burden on the global health care systems, it is crucial to understand the breadth of this disease process. Recent reports identified hypercoagulability in a subset of critically ill patients and extremity ischemia in an even smaller cohort. Because abnormal coagulation parameters and extremity ischemia have been shown to correlate with poor disease prognosis, understanding how to treat these patients is crucial. To better describe the identification and management of this phenomenon, we present 2 cases of critically ill patients with COVID-19 who developed fingertip ischemia while in the intensive care unit."}, {"pmid": 32454585, "pmcid": "PMC7228866", "title": "COVID-19 testing before endoscopy safe, effective in the US.", "journal": "PharmacoEcon Outcomes News", "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454585", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515570, "title": "Guidance for anticoagulation management in venous thromboembolism during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Poland: an expert opinion of the Section on Pulmonary Circulation of the Polish Cardiac Society.", "journal": "Kardiol Pol", "authors": ["Kosior, Dariusz A", "Undas, Anetta", "Kopec, Grzegorz", "Hryniewiecki, Tomasz", "Torbicki, Adam", "Mularek-Kubzdela, Tatiana", "Windyga, Jerzy", "Pruszczyk, Piotr"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515570", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID -19 pandemic affects anticoagulantion not only for those infected with SARS-CoV-2, but also for most patients who require daily anticoagulant therapy and are facing substantial limitations in medical care these days. Concomitant venous thromboembolism (VTE), a potential cause of unexplained deaths, has frequently been reported in COVID-19 cases, but its management is still challenging due to the complexity between antithrombotic therapy and hematological alterations. In the era of COVID-19 pandemic is strongly recommended for patients who require chronic anticoagulation to continue therapy to prevent thromboembolic events. To avoid regular and frequent blood tests and unnecessary exposure to SARS-CoV-2 during contacts with medical personnel DOACs should be strongly preferred whenever possible. Current evidence is insufficient to recommend routine pharmacological antithrombotic prophylaxis in all hospitalized patients with COVID-19. In COVID-19 patients suspected for VTE or in whom the diagnosis is confirmed parenteral therapy with LMWH should be initiated in the absence of contraindications. If heparin induced thrombocytopenia is suspected, nonheparin anticoagulants should be used such as bivalirudin or fondaparinux. When acute pulmonary embolism is confirmed, treatment should be guided by risk stratification as defined in the current guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32528154, "title": "COVID-19 in Africa: the spread and response.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Massinga Loembe, Marguerite", "Tshangela, Akhona", "Salyer, Stephanie J", "Varma, Jay K", "Ouma, Ahmed E Ogwell", "Nkengasong, John N"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528154", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277578, "pmcid": "PMC7262128", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic and mental health impacts.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["Usher, Kim", "Durkin, Joanne", "Bhullar, Navjot"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277578", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341622, "pmcid": "PMC7183968", "title": "Coronaviruses: origin and evolution.", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Sen, Sourav", "Anand, Kavita Bala", "Karade, Santosh", "Gupta, R M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341622", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497031, "title": "COVID-19 Monitoring and Response Among U.S. Air Force Basic Military Trainees - Texas, March-April 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Marcus, Joseph E", "Frankel, Dianne N", "Pawlak, Mary T", "Casey, Theresa M", "Blackwell, Rebecca S", "Tran, Francis V", "Dolan, Mathew J", "Yun, Heather C"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497031", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in substantial morbidity and mortality since it was first described in December 2019 (1). Based on epidemiologic data showing spread in congregate settings (2-4), national, state, and local governments instituted significant restrictions on large gatherings to prevent transmission of disease in early March 2020. This and other nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have shown initial success in slowing the pandemic across the country (5). This report examines the first 7 weeks (March 1-April 18) of implementation of NPIs in Basic Military Training (BMT) at a U.S. Air Force base. In a population of 10,579 trainees, COVID-19 incidence was limited to five cases (47 per 100,000 persons), three of which were in persons who were contacts of the first patient. Transmission of symptomatic COVID-19 was successfully limited using strategies of quarantine, social distancing, early screening of trainees, rapid isolation of persons with suspected cases, and monitored reentry into training for trainees with positive test results after resolution of symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32480013, "pmcid": "PMC7258853", "title": "Management of neovascular age-related macular degeneration during the COVID-19 pandemia.", "journal": "Ophthalmol Retina", "authors": ["Corradetti, Giulia", "Corvi, Federico", "Nguyen, Tieu Vy", "Sadda, SriniVas R"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480013", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342724, "title": "Isolation of infectious SARS-CoV-2 from urine of a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Sun, Jing", "Zhu, Airu", "Li, Heying", "Zheng, Kui", "Zhuang, Zhen", "Chen, Zhao", "Shi, Yongxia", "Zhang, Zhaoyong", "Chen, Si-Bei", "Liu, Xuesong", "Dai, Jun", "Li, Xiaobo", "Huang, Shuxiang", "Huang, Xiaofang", "Luo, Ling", "Wen, Liyan", "Zhuo, Jianfen", "Li, Yuming", "Wang, Yanqun", "Zhang, Lu", "Zhang, Yanjun", "Li, Fang", "Feng, Liqiang", "Chen, Xinwen", "Zhong, Nanshan", "Yang, Zifeng", "Huang, Jicheng", "Zhao, Jincun", "Li, Yi-Min"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342724", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 caused a major outbreak of severe pneumonia (COVID-19) in humans. Viral RNA was detected in multiple organs in COVID-19 patients. However, infectious SARS-CoV-2 was only isolated from respiratory specimens. Here, infectious SARS-CoV-2 was successfully isolated from urine of a COVID-19 patient. The virus isolated could infect new susceptible cells and was recognized by its' own patient sera. Appropriate precautions should be taken to avoid transmission from urine."}, {"pmid": 32471704, "pmcid": "PMC7242947", "title": "Central Nervous System Involvement in COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Jahanshahlu, Leila", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471704", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32248966, "pmcid": "PMC7102656", "title": "The cardiovascular burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a focus on congenital heart disease.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Tan, Weiyi", "Aboulhosn, Jamil"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248966", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel betacoronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first described in a cluster of patients presenting with pneumonia symptoms in Wuhan, China, in December of 2019. Over the past few months, COVID-19 has developed into a worldwide pandemic, with over 400,000 documented cases globally as of March 24, 2020. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is most likely of zoonotic origin, but has been shown to have effective human-to-human transmission. COVID-19 results in mild symptoms in the majority of infected patients, but can cause severe lung injury, cardiac injury, and death. Given the novel nature of COVID-19, no established treatment beyond supportive care exists currently, but extensive public-health measures to reduce person-to-person transmission of COVID-19 have been implemented globally to curb the spread of disease, reduce the burden on healthcare systems, and protect vulnerable populations, including the elderly and those with underlying medical comorbidities. Since this is an emerging infectious disease, there is, as of yet, limited data on the effects of this infection on patients with cardiovascular disease, particularly so for those with congenital heart disease. We summarize herewith the early experience with COVID-19 and consider the potential applicability to and implications for patients with cardiovascular disease in general and congenital heart disease in particular."}, {"pmid": 32124179, "pmcid": "PMC7089458", "title": "Clinical trials for the treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A rapid response to urgent need.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Zhang, Tengyue", "He, Yudi", "Xu, Wenshuai", "Ma, Aiping", "Yang, Yanli", "Xu, Kai-Feng"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32124179", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233030, "title": "3D printed circuit splitter and flow restriction devices for multiple patient lung ventilation using one anaesthesia workstation or ventilator.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Clarke, A L"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233030", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349053, "pmcid": "PMC7219859", "title": "Protection by Exclusion: Another Missed Opportunity to Include Pregnant Women in Research During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Costantine, Maged M", "Landon, Mark B", "Saade, George R"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349053", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease that started in Wuhan, China, and has rapidly spread all across the world. With limited ability to contain the virus and relatively high transmissibility and case fatality rates, governmental institutions and pharmaceutical companies are racing to find therapeutics and vaccines that target this novel coronavirus. However, once again, pregnant and breastfeeding women are excluded from participating in clinical trials during this pandemic. This \"protection by exclusion\" of pregnant women from drug development and clinical therapeutic trials, even during epidemics and pandemics, is not unprecedented. Moreover, it is both misguided and not justifiable and may have excluded them from potentially beneficial interventions. This is another missed opportunity to obtain pregnancy-specific safety and efficacy data, because therapeutics developed for men and nonpregnant women may not be generalizable to pregnant women. Therefore, we recommend and urge the scientific community and professional societies that, without clear justification for exclusion, pregnant women should be given the opportunity to be included in clinical trials for COVID-19 based on the concepts of justice, equity, autonomy, and informed consent."}, {"pmid": 32212240, "pmcid": "PMC7166410", "title": "Disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with 2019-nCoV pneumonia.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Lillicrap, David"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212240", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498766, "pmcid": "PMC7177114", "title": "Hypoxia in COVID-19: Sign of Severity or Cause for Poor Outcomes.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Kashani, Kianoush B"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498766", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437870, "pmcid": "PMC7211605", "title": "Covid-19 digestive system involvement and clinical outcomes in a large academic hospital in Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Aghemo, Alessio", "Piovani, Daniele", "Parigi, Tommaso Lorenzo", "Brunetta, Enrico", "Pugliese, Nicola", "Vespa, Edoardo", "Omodei, Paolo Dario", "Preatoni, Paoletta", "Lleo, Ana", "Repici, Alessandro", "Voza, Antonio", "Cecconi, Maurizio", "Malesci, Alberto", "Bonovas, Stefanos", "Danese, Silvio"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437870", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427529, "title": "Digital Translucence: Adapting Telemedicine Delivery Post-COVID-19.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Kannampallil, Thomas", "Ma, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427529", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    In nearly 1 month, with a rapidly expanding corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), telemedicine has been transformed into an essential service for delivering routine clinical care. This transformation occurred as a crisis management response-driven by the need to provide care for patients with physical distancing measures in place. However, the current rapid adoption of telemedicine presents a transitional state between one that existed before the pandemic and one that could potentially be better aligned with the delivery of a personalized model of care. Using the conceptual framework of digital translucence-situating virtual encounters with more nuanced information regarding patients-we describe the role of integrated remote monitoring and virtual care tools aligned with the patient's electronic health record for adapting telemedicine delivery post-COVID-19.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32385489, "pmcid": "PMC7239171", "title": "In Reply: Rongeurs, Neurosurgeons, and COVID-19: How Do We Protect Health Care Personnel During Neurosurgical Operations in the Midst of Aerosol-Generation From High-Speed Drills?", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Tomasi, S Ottavio", "Umana, Giuseppe Emmanuele", "Scalia, Gianluca", "Winkler, Peter A"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385489", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488189, "title": "Junior researchers hit by coronavirus-triggered hiring freezes.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Woolston, Chris"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488189", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32107910, "title": "[Analysis on epidemic situation and spatiotemporal changes of COVID-19 in Anhui].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Liu, M", "Xu, H L", "Yuan, M", "Liu, Z R", "Wu, X Y", "Zhang, Y", "Ma, L Y", "Gong, L", "Gan, H", "Zong, W W", "Tao, S M", "Liu, Q", "Du, Y N", "Tao, F B"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32107910", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We used the epidemic data of COVID-19 published on the official website of the municipal health commission in Anhui province. We mapped the spatiotemporal changes of confirmed cases, fitted the epidemic situation by the population growth curve at different stages and took statistical description and analysis of the epidemic situation in Anhui province. It was found that the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was 156/100 000 by February 18, 2020 and the trend of COVID-19 epidemic declined after February 7, changing from J curve to S curve. The actual number of new cases began to decrease from February 2 to February 4 due to the time of case report and actual onset delayed by 3 to 5 days."}, {"pmid": 32522141, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 16 (Reporting week to 23:59 AEST 17 May 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522141", "countries": ["Brazil", "Australia", "India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 17 May 2020: notifications = 7,075; deaths = 100. The incidence of new cases of COVID-19 has reduced dramatically since a peak in mid-March. Social distancing measures, public health action and the reduction in international travel have likely been effective in slowing the spread of the disease, in the Australian community. Testing rates over the past week have increased markedly, with a continued very low proportion of people testing positive. These low rates of detection are indicative of low levels of COVID-19 transmission. It is important that testing rates and community adherence to public health measures remain high to support the continued suppression of the virus, particularly in vulnerable high-risk groups and settings. New cases of COVID-19 are currently being reported by by only some jurisdictions, albeit at relatively low rates. Although case numbers are low, new cases tend to still be a mix of overseas-acquired and locally-acquired infections. Most locally-acquired cases can be linked back to a known case or cluster. Although the proportion of locally-acquired cases has increased, the overall rate of new cases, regardless of place of acquisition, continues to decrease. The crude case fatality rate in Australia remains low (1.4%), compared with the WHO reported global rate (6.9%). The low case fatality rate is likely reflective of high case detection and high quality of health care services in Australia. Deaths from COVID-19 in Australia have occurred predominantly among the elderly and those with comorbidities, with no deaths occurring in those under 40 years. The highest rate of COVID-19 continues to be among people aged 60-79 years. One third of all cases in this age group have been associated with several outbreaks linked to cruise ships. The lowest rate of disease is in young children, a pattern reflected in international reports. Internationally, while the number of new cases each day remains relatively stable at the global level, some areas such as Brazil and India are showing a dramatic rise in reported cases. Although some low-income countries have so far reported few cases, it is possible that this is due to limited diagnostic and public health capacity, and may not be reflective of true disease incidence."}, {"pmid": 32336804, "pmcid": "PMC7174814", "title": "[An Economic Policy Exit Strategy from the Corona Lockdown].", "journal": "Wirtschaftsdienst", "authors": ["Huther, Michael", "Bardt, Hubertus"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336804", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The fight against the coronavirus pandemic has led to an insulation of social and economic life and will have considerable economic consequences. Important areas of the industry and service sectors were partially or completely shutdown. A resumption of activity should happen as soon as possible, once the medical pre-conditions have been established and are met. This requires a clear exit strategy and following several steps to return to previous welfare and growth data levels. After securing survival during this crisis via various liquidity lines and bridging loans, the economy's restart requires the relaunch of public infrastructure, especially of schools and kindergartens. To facilitate a coordinated and synchronised restart of complex industrial value chains, we need clear signals on a planned schedule. A tax policy driven departure signal and a demand side focused growth programme could make an important contribution to a new economic dynamic after the crisis."}, {"pmid": 32499358, "title": "Complete Genome Sequence of a SARS-CoV-2 Strain Isolated in Northern Germany.", "journal": "Microbiol Resour Announc", "authors": ["Pfefferle, Susanne", "Huang, Jiabin", "Norz, Dominik", "Indenbirken, Daniela", "Lutgehetmann, Marc", "Oestereich, Lisa", "Gunther, Thomas", "Grundhoff, Adam", "Aepfelbacher, Martin", "Fischer, Nicole"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499358", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Here, we describe the complete genome sequence of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain isolated from an oropharyngeal swab sample from a female patient with COVID-19 who was infected in Hamburg, northern Germany."}, {"pmid": 32469614, "title": "A Case Series of Five People Living with HIV Hospitalized with COVID-19 in Chicago, Illinois.", "journal": "AIDS Patient Care STDS", "authors": ["Ridgway, Jessica P", "Farley, Brianna", "Benoit, Jean-Luc", "Frohne, Christopher", "Hazra, Aniruddha", "Pettit, Natasha", "Pho, Mai", "Pursell, Kenneth", "Saltzman, Jina", "Schmitt, Jessica", "Uvin, Arno Ziggy", "Pitrak, David", "McNulty, Moira"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469614", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The risk of COVID-19 among people living with HIV (PLWH) is largely unknown and there have been very few reported cases in the literature. We report a case series of five PLWH with COVID-19. We identified all patients with a diagnosis of HIV who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at University of Chicago Medicine between March 1, 2020, and April 7, 2020. We retrospectively collected data regarding demographics, comorbidities, medications, laboratory test results, radiology results, and outcomes associated with COVID-19. All five PLWH with COVID-19 were African American; 80% (4/5) were cisgender females. The mean age of patients was 48 years old (range 38-53). The majority of patients presented with cough, fever, and shortness of breath. Three patients had diarrhea. One patient presented with predominantly cardiac symptoms. All were taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) with CD4 count >200 cells/mm3 and suppressed HIV viral loads at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis. All five patients were hospitalized, two required supplemental oxygen, and none required mechanical ventilation. Four patients were treated with azithromycin and a cephalosporin and two were also treated with hydroxychloroquine. The median length of stay was 3 days (range 2-7). All patients recovered. More research is needed to understand the risks of COVID-19 among PLWH and the impact of ART on outcomes for patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32292838, "pmcid": "PMC7118595", "title": "Concerns for activated breathing control (ABC) with breast cancer in the era of COVID-19: Maximizing infection control while minimizing heart dose.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Song, Andrew", "Manukian, Gregor", "Taylor, Amy", "Anne, Pramila R", "Simone, Nicole L"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292838", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327200, "pmcid": "PMC7167559", "title": "Covid-19 and the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2): Areas for research.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Omar, Michael Brandon"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327200", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460626, "title": "Technology Gap Deepened by Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Rigla, Mercedes"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460626", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405111, "pmcid": "PMC7217769", "title": "Prevalence and correlates of PTSD and depressive symptoms one month after the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic in a sample of home-quarantined Chinese university students.", "journal": "J Affect Disord", "authors": ["Tang, Wanjie", "Hu, Tao", "Hu, Baodi", "Jin, Chunhan", "Wang, Gang", "Xie, Chao", "Chen, Sen", "Xu, Jiuping"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405111", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When COVID-19 emerged in China in late 2019, most citizens were home-quarantined to prevent the spread of the virus. This study explored the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression in a sample of home-quarantined college students to identify the psychological distress risk factors. The PTSD and depressive symptoms in the 2485 participants from 6 universities were investigated using online survey versions of the PTSD Checklist Civilian Version and the 9-question Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ-9), and data on sleep durations, exposure, home-quarantine time and socio-demographic variables were also collected. The PTSD and depression prevalence were found to be 2.7% and 9.0%. Subjectively, feeling extreme fear was the most significant risk factor for psychological distress, followed by short sleep durations, being in their graduating year (4th year) and living in severely afflicted areas. Sleep durations was a mediator between exposures and mental health problems. The results suggested that the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 could be serious. Psychological interventions that reduce fear and improve sleep durations need to be made available to the home-quarantined university students, and graduating students and those in the worst-hit areas should be given priority focus."}, {"pmid": 32328170, "pmcid": "PMC7167216", "title": "Isolation protocol for a COVID-2019 patient requiring emergent surgical intervention: case presentation.", "journal": "Patient Saf Surg", "authors": ["Firstenberg, Michael S", "Libby, Matthew", "Ochs, Michael", "Hanna, Jennifer", "Mangino, Julie E", "Forrester, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328170", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The concerns of the highly contagious and morbid nature of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-2019) have prompted healthcare workers to implement strict droplet and contact isolation precautions. Unfortunately, some patients who may be or presumptively or confirmed as infected with COVID-2019 may also require emergent surgical procedures. As such, given the high-risk for exposure of many healthcare workers involved the complex requirements for appropriate isolation must be adhered to. We present our experience with a 77-year-old who required emergency cardiac surgery for a presumed acute aortic syndrome in the setting of a presumed, and eventually confirmed, COVID-2019 infection. We outline the necessary steps to maintain strict isolation precautions to limit potential exposure to the surgical Team. We hereby provide our algorithm for emergent surgical procedures in critically-ill patients with presumptive or confirmed infection with COVID-2019. The insights from this case report can potentially be templated to other facilities in order to uphold high standards of infection prevention and patient safety in surgery during the current COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32328726, "pmcid": "PMC7178098", "title": "Time to consider histologic pattern of lung injury to treat critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Copin, Marie-Christine", "Parmentier, Erika", "Duburcq, Thibault", "Poissy, Julien", "Mathieu, Daniel"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328726", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373995, "title": "Bioinformatic analysis indicates that SARS-CoV-2 is unrelated to known artificial coronaviruses.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Dallavilla, T", "Bertelli, M", "Morresi, A", "Bushati, V", "Stuppia, L", "Beccari, T", "Chiurazzi, P", "Marceddu, G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373995", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the present coronavirus pandemic and some suggestions were made about its possible artificial origin. We, therefore, compared SARS-CoV-2 with such known viruses that were prepared in the laboratory and other relevant natural strains to estimate their genetic relatedness. BLAST and clustalW were used to identify and align viral sequences of SARS-CoV-2 to other animal coronaviruses (human, bat, mouse, pangolin) and related artificial constructs. Phylogenetics trees were then prepared using iTOL. Our study supports the notion that known artificial coronaviruses, including the chimeric SL-SHC014-MA15 synthesized in 2015, differ too much from SARS-CoV-2 to hypothesize an artificial origin of the latter. On the contrary, our data support the natural origin of the COVID-19 virus, likely derived from bats, possibly transferred to pangolins, before spreading to man. Speculations about the artificial origin of SARS-CoV-2 are most likely unfounded. On the contrary, when carefully handled, engineered organisms provide a unique opportunity to study biological systems in a controlled fashion. Biotechnology is a powerful tool to advance medical research and should not be abandoned because of irrational fears."}, {"pmid": 32526060, "title": "What did we learn from the previous coronavirus epidemics and what can we do better: a neuroinfectiological point of view.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Akhvlediani, Tamar", "Jelcic, Ilijas", "Taba, Pille", "Pfausler, Bettina", "Steiner, Israel", "Sellner, Johann"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526060", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are learning gradually about the neurologic manifestations during the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID)-19 pandemic, a respiratory disease related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). As the clinical evidence is still limited, it makes a sense to critically analyze the spectrum of neurologic involvement caused by SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which were causal for epidemics in 2003 and 2012, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32510581, "title": "Clinical characteristics and laboratory results of pregnant women with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Wang, Zhiqiang", "Wang, Zhigang", "Xiong, Guoping"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510581", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the clinical characteristics and laboratory test results in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A retrospective study to review and compare clinical data including electronic medical records and laboratory tests from pregnant and nonpregnant patients admitted the Central Hospital of Wuhan, China from December 8, 2019 to April 1, 2020. A total of 72 women (30 pregnant and 42 nonpregnant) with COVID-19 were included. No patients developed severe pneumonia during the study. Compared with the nonpregnant group, pregnant patients were admitted to hospital earlier (0.25 vs 11.00\u00a0days; P<0.001), presented milder symptoms, had a higher rate of asymptomatic infection (26.7% vs 0%), and shorter length of hospital stay (14.5 vs 17.0\u00a0days; P<0.01). Laboratory test results showed that levels of inflammation markers such as white blood cell count, neutrophil count and percentage, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and D-dimer were significantly higher in pregnant women, whereas mean lymphocyte percentage was significantly lower compared with nonpregnant women. In some respects, the clinical characteristics and laboratory test results of COVID-19 in pregnant patients seems to be distinctive from their nonpregnant counterparts. Appropriate advice and positive treatment might be critical to the prognosis when dealing with these pregnant patients. Pregnant patients with COVID-19 had their own positive clinical characteristics and special laboratory test results. Responsive medical advice and active treatment for those patients are critical to recovery."}, {"pmid": 32414789, "title": "Palliative care in advanced coronavirus disease in intensive care units.", "journal": "BMJ Support Palliat Care", "authors": ["Esmaeili Vardanjani, Ali", "Rafiei, Hossein", "Mohammdi, Mostafa"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414789", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439571, "pmcid": "PMC7234931", "title": "Surgical systems redesign in response to COVID-19 Invited Commentary on \"Optimizing response in surgical systems during and after COVID-19 pandemic: Lessons from China and the UK- perspective\".", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Wakam, Glenn K", "Alam, Hasan B"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439571", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373997, "title": "Outbreak of COVID-19 infection in children: fear and serenity.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Pavone, P", "Ceccarelli, M", "Taibi, R", "La Rocca, G", "Nunnari, G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373997", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 greatly involves the resources of the global healthcare system, as it affects newborns, adults, and elders. This infection runs in three major stages: a mild cold-like illness, a moderate respiratory syndrome and a severe acute interstitial pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to have a more benign evolution in children. As a matter of fact, low susceptibility and minor aggressivity have been highlighted in most cases. There are currently no effective antiviral drugs treatment for the affected children. No sufficient results have been reached by the use of interferon (IFN), lopinavir/ritonavir, orbidol, and oseltamivir in the treatment of the coronaviruses infection. The aim of this short review is to highlight the differences existing between COVID-19 cases in adults and children."}, {"pmid": 32430767, "pmcid": "PMC7236872", "title": "Lung ultrasound: a valuable tool for the assessment of dialysis patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Exp Nephrol", "authors": ["Reisinger, Nathaniel", "Koratala, Abhilash"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430767", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383989, "title": "The Silver Lining to COVID-19: Avoiding Diabetic Ketoacidosis Admissions with Telehealth.", "journal": "Diabetes Technol Ther", "authors": ["Peters, Anne L", "Garg, Satish K"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383989", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Background:\n                     The Stay at Home order in Colorado and The Stay Safe at Home order in California during COVID-19 pandemic have forced a majority of the endocrinologists/diabetologists to adapt to providing diabetes care remotely through telehealth. This may provide increased access to diabetes health care in certain settings. However, health care disparities continue to challenge availability of diabetes technologies for underprivileged communities. We report our experience with two patients providing diabetes care effectively and preventing hospital admissions by using telehealth. \n                        Methods:\n                     Two adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D): one new onset and the other one with established T1D are presented where telehealth facilitated by Clarity Software and the \"Share\" feature with the use of Dexcom G6 continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for management of diabetic ketosis and hyperglycemia. \n                        Results:\n                     Both patients were managed effectively virtually despite higher risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Shared glucose data through CGM facilitated frequent insulin dose adjustments, increased fluid and carbohydrate intake, and prevented hospital admissions in both cases. In the case of new onset patient with T1D, most of the education was done remotely by certified diabetes care and education specialists. \n                        Conclusion:\n                     Acute diabetes complication like DKA increases morbidity and mortality in addition to adding cost to the health care system. The current pandemic of COVID-19 has allowed newer ways (with the help of newer technologies) to manage high-risk patients with T1D and DKA through telehealth and may result in lasting benefits to people with T1D."}, {"pmid": 32311498, "pmcid": "PMC7165103", "title": "The impact of nutrition on COVID-19 susceptibility and long-term consequences.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Butler, Michael J", "Barrientos, Ruth M"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311498", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While all groups are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, the elderly, underrepresented minorities, and those with underlying medical conditions are at the greatest risk. The high rate of consumption of diets high in saturated fats, sugars, and refined carbohydrates (collectively called Western diet, WD) worldwide, contribute to the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, and could place these populations at an increased risk for severe COVID-19 pathology and mortality. WD consumption activates the innate immune system and impairs adaptive immunity, leading to chronic inflammation and impaired host defense against viruses. Furthermore, peripheral inflammation caused by COVID-19 may have long-term consequences in those that recover, leading to chronic medical conditions such as dementia and neurodegenerative disease, likely through neuroinflammatory mechanisms that can be compounded by an unhealthy diet. Thus, now more than ever, wider access to healthy foods should be a top priority and individuals should be mindful of healthy eating habits to reduce susceptibility to and long-term complications from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32267499, "pmcid": "PMC7184394", "title": "The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in coronaviruses/influenza viruses and cardiovascular disease.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Res", "authors": ["Chen, Li", "Hao, Guang"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267499", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has emerged as a key regulator of the renin-angiotensin system in cardiovascular (CV) disease and plays a pivotal role in infections by coronaviruses and influenza viruses. The present review is primarily focused on the findings to indicate the role of ACE2 in the relationship of coronaviruses and influenza viruses to CV disease. It is postulated that the risk of coronavirus or influenza virus infection is high, at least partly due to high ACE2 expression in populations with a high CV risk. Coronavirus and influenza virus vaccine usage in high CV risk populations could be a potential strategy to prevent both CV disease and coronavirus/influenza virus infections."}, {"pmid": 32514394, "pmcid": "PMC7255269", "title": "Symmetrical polyneuropathy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Ghiasvand, Fereshteh", "Ghadimi, Maryam", "Ghadimi, Fatemeh", "Safarpour, Samin", "Hosseinzadeh, Roghieh", "SeyedAlinaghi, SeyedAhmad"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514394", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the novel coronavirus that began in late December 2019 was announced as a pandemic by the World Health Organization as the number of cases is increasing exponentially throughout the globe. We presented a patient with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia developing symmetric polyneuropathy. To our knowledge, extrapulmonary clinical presentations of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have rarely been reported. This case highlights the possible association between SARS-CoV-2 infection and nervous system involvement."}, {"pmid": 32274522, "pmcid": "PMC7142323", "title": "Inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Kessler, Thorsten", "Schunkert, Heribert"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274522", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360943, "pmcid": "PMC7192071", "title": "Pilgrimage and COVID-19: The risk among returnees from Muslim countries.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gu, Yuzhou", "Lu, Jianyun", "Yang, Zhicong"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360943", "countries": ["China", "Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has now spread to become a pandemic. We confirmed six Muslim pilgrims with COVID-19 among the passengers on a flight from Pakistan, following a border inspection in Guangzhou, China. We subsequently alerted home countries to prepare early in order to manage the risk from returning pilgrims. The resulting strategies of inspection and quarantine needed to cover those returning from all Muslim countries, not just Saudi Arabia."}, {"pmid": 32524946, "title": "Genetic structure of SARS-CoV-2 reflects clonal superspreading and multiple independent introduction events, North-Rhine Westphalia, Germany, February and March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Walker, Andreas", "Houwaart, Torsten", "Wienemann, Tobias", "Vasconcelos, Malte Kohns", "Strelow, Daniel", "Senff, Tina", "Hulse, Lisanna", "Adams, Ortwin", "Andree, Marcel", "Hauka, Sandra", "Feldt, Torsten", "Jensen, Bjorn-Erik", "Keitel, Verena", "Kindgen-Milles, Detlef", "Timm, Jorg", "Pfeffer, Klaus", "Dilthey, Alexander T"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524946", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We whole-genome sequenced 55 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from Germany to investigate SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks in 2020 in the Heinsberg district and D\u00fcsseldorf. While the genetic structure of the Heinsberg outbreak indicates a clonal origin, reflecting superspreading dynamics from mid-February during the carnival season, distinct viral strains were circulating in D\u00fcsseldorf in March, reflecting the city's international links. Limited detection of Heinsberg strains in the D\u00fcsseldorf area despite geographical proximity may reflect efficient containment and contact-tracing efforts."}, {"pmid": 32361432, "pmcid": "PMC7162759", "title": "Investigation of effective climatology parameters on COVID-19 outbreak in Iran.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ahmadi, Mohsen", "Sharifi, Abbas", "Dorosti, Shadi", "Jafarzadeh Ghoushchi, Saeid", "Ghanbari, Negar"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361432", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS CoV-2 (COVID-19) Coronavirus cases are confirmed throughout the world and millions of people are being put into quarantine. A better understanding of the effective parameters in infection spreading can bring about a logical measurement toward COVID-19. The effect of climatic factors on spreading of COVID-19 can play an important role in the new Coronavirus outbreak. In this study, the main parameters, including the number of infected people with COVID-19, population density, intra-provincial movement, and infection days to end of the study period, average temperature, average precipitation, humidity, wind speed, and average solar radiation investigated to understand how can these parameters effects on COVID-19 spreading in Iran? The Partial correlation coefficient (PCC) and Sobol'-Jansen methods are used for analyzing the effect and correlation of variables with the COVID-19 spreading rate. The result of sensitivity analysis shows that the population density, intra-provincial movement have a direct relationship with the infection outbreak. Conversely, areas with low values of wind speed, humidity, and solar radiation exposure to a high rate of infection that support the virus's survival. The provinces such as Tehran, Mazandaran, Alborz, Gilan, and Qom are more susceptible to infection because of high population density, intra-provincial movements and high humidity rate in comparison with Southern provinces."}, {"pmid": 32357655, "pmcid": "PMC7192348", "title": "Growing networks with communities: A distributive link model.", "journal": "Chaos", "authors": ["Shang, Ke-Ke", "Yang, Bin", "Moore, Jack Murdoch", "Ji, Qian", "Small, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357655", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Evolution and popularity are two keys of the Barabasi-Albert model, which generates a power law distribution of network degrees. Evolving network generation models are important as they offer an explanation of both how and why complex networks (and scale-free networks, in particular) are ubiquitous. We adopt the evolution principle and then propose a very simple and intuitive new model for network growth, which naturally evolves modular networks with multiple communities. The number and size of the communities evolve over time and are primarily subjected to a single free parameter. Surprisingly, under some circumstances, our framework can construct a tree-like network with clear community structures-branches and leaves of a tree. Results also show that new communities will absorb a link resource to weaken the degree growth of hub nodes. Our models have a common explanation for the community of regular and tree-like networks and also breaks the tyranny of the early adopter; unlike the standard popularity principle, newer nodes and communities will come to dominance over time. Importantly, our model can fit well with the construction of the SARS-Cov-2 haplotype evolutionary network."}, {"pmid": 32531948, "title": "A Guide for Oncologic Patient Management during Covid-19 Pandemic: The Initial Experience of an Italian Oncologic Hub with Exemplificative Focus on Uro-Oncologic Patients.", "journal": "Cancers (Basel)", "authors": ["Mistretta, Francesco A", "Luzzago, Stefano", "Molendini, Luigi Orlando", "Ferro, Matteo", "Dossena, Enza", "Mastrilli, Fabrizio", "Musi, Gennaro", "de Cobelli, Ottavio"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531948", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent exponential increase in the number of COVID-19 patients in Italy led to the adoption of specific extraordinary measures, such as the need to convey treatment of all non-deferrable cancer patients to specialized centres (hubs). We reported a comprehensive summary of guidelines to create and run an oncologic hub during the COVID-19 pandemic. Oncologic hubs must fulfil some specific requirements such as a high experience in oncologic patient treatment, strict strategies applied to remain a \"COVID-19-free\" centre, and the creation of a dedicated multidisciplinary \"hub team\". Cancer treatment of patients who belong to external centres, namely spoke centres, could be organized in different pathways according to the grade of involvement and/or availability of the medical team of the spoke centre. Moreover, dedicated areas should be created for the management and treatment of patients who developed COVID-19 symptoms after hospitalization (i.e., dedicated wards, operation rooms and intensive care beds). Lastly, hospital staff must be highly trained for both preventing COVID-19 contagion and treating patients who develop the infection. We provided a simplified, but complete and easily applicable guide. We believe that this guide could help those clinicians who have to treat oncologic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32418761, "pmcid": "PMC7211696", "title": "Re: Toward a consensus view in the management of acute facial injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Bertin, H", "Koudougou, C", "Marion, F", "Corre, P", "Deransy, R"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418761", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417305, "pmcid": "PMC7224659", "title": "The Importance of a Centralized Line Service during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Ilonzo, Nicole", "Vouyouka, Ageliki", "Han, Daniel", "Tadros, Rami", "Kim, Sung Yup", "Love, Barry", "Ting, Windsor", "Soundararajan, Krish", "Faries, Peter", "Marin, Michael", "Rao, Ajit"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417305", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250961, "title": "COVID-19 Related Misinformation on Social Media: A Qualitative Study from Iran.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Bastani, Peivand", "Bahrami, Mohammad Amin"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250961", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: During outbreaks of diseases a great amount of health threatening misinformation is produced and released. In the web-2 era much of this misinformation is disseminated via social media where information could spread easily and quickly. Monitoring social media content provides crucial insights for health managers to manage the crisis. Objective: Given the misinformation surrounding COVID-19 outbreak, this study was aimed to analyze contents of the most commonly used social networks in Iran that is among the affected countries. Methods: A social media monitoring conducted through a qualitative design to analyze the discussions of social media users about the content related to COVID-19 transferred via Iranian medical faculty members` groups in Telegram and Whats App during Feb 20 to March 20, 2020 emphasizing the misinformation. Discourse analysis was applied and the written dialogues and discussions regarding misinformation about different aspects of the outbreak between medical faculty members all over the country were analyzed. Results: Cultural factors, demand pressure for information during the crisis, the easiness of information dissemination via social networks, marketing incentives and the poor legal supervision of online contents are the main reasons of misinformation dissemination. Disease statistics; treatments, vaccines and medicines; prevention and protection methods; dietary recommendations and disease transmission ways are the main subjective categories of releasing misinformation regarding novel coronavirus outbreak. Consequences of misinformation dissemination regarding disease include psychosocial; economic; health status; health system and ethical ones. Active and effective presence of health professionals and authorities on social media during the crisis and the improvement of public health literacy in the long term are the most recommended strategies for dealing with issues related to misinformation. Conclusion: This study contributes the management of COVID-19 outbreak trough providing applicable insights for health managers to manage public information in this challenging time. "}, {"pmid": 32504123, "pmcid": "PMC7274515", "title": "COVID-19 research: toxicological input urgently needed!", "journal": "Arch Toxicol", "authors": ["Esser, Charlotte", "Hochrath, Katrin", "Schikowski, Tamara", "Haarmann-Stemmann, Thomas"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504123", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530454, "title": "Convalescent Plasma and COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Malani, Anurag N", "Sherbeck, John P", "Malani, Preeti N"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530454", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251543, "title": "The COVID-19 (Coronavirus) pandemic: reflections on the roles of librarians and information professionals.", "journal": "Health Info Libr J", "authors": ["Ali, Muhammad Yousuf", "Gatiti, Peter"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251543", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This Regular Feature explores the role of health science librarians in the coronavirus pandemic. COVID-19 has spread rapidly all over the world. All major cities around the globe are in lockdown. In Pakistan, the first case was diagnosed on 26 February 2020, and currently, there are more than\u00a02039 diagnosed cases and\u00a026 deaths as on 31 March 2020. Across the country, there are further 12\u00a0000 suspected cases. This will undoubtedly increase if precautionary measures are not taken. Pakistani universities, colleges and schools were in lockdown. The role of university librarians in this emergency included raising awareness through public health education, providing support to medical staff, researchers and providing ongoing traditional services to regular library patrons in Pakistan. The Regular Feature also provides links to useful resources. JM."}, {"pmid": 32328757, "pmcid": "PMC7179379", "title": "Guidance for anti-VEGF intravitreal injections during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Korobelnik, Jean-Francois", "Loewenstein, Anat", "Eldem, Bora", "Joussen, Antonia M", "Koh, Adrian", "Lambrou, George N", "Lanzetta, Paolo", "Li, Xiaoxin", "Lovestam-Adrian, Monica", "Navarro, Rafael", "Okada, Annabelle A", "Pearce, Ian", "Rodriguez, Francisco J", "Wong, David T", "Wu, Lihteh"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an urgent need to address how to best provide ophthalmic care for patients with retinal disease receiving intravitreal injections with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents during the ongoing global COVID-19 pandemic. This article provides guidance for ophthalmologists on how to deliver the best possible care for patients while minimizing the risk of infection. The Vision Academy's Steering Committee of international retinal disease experts convened to discuss key considerations for managing patients with retinal disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. After reviewing the existing literature on the issue, members put forward recommendations that were systematically refined and voted on to develop this guidance. The considerations focus on the implementation of steps to minimize the exposure of patients and healthcare staff to COVID-19. These include the use of personal protective equipment, adherence to scrupulous hygiene and disinfection protocols, pre-screening to identify symptomatic patients, and reducing the number of people in waiting rooms. Other important measures include triaging of patients to identify those at the greatest risk of irreversible vision loss and prioritization of treatment visits over monitoring visits where possible. In order to limit patient exposure, ophthalmologists should refrain from using treatment regimens that require frequent monitoring. Management of patients with retinal disease receiving intravitreal injections during the COVID-19 pandemic will require adjustment to regular clinical practice to minimize the risk of exposure of patients and healthcare staff, and to prioritize those with the greatest medical need. The safety of patients and healthcare staff should be of paramount importance in all decision-making."}, {"pmid": 32531248, "title": "Structural Basis for Potent Neutralization of Betacoronaviruses by Single-Domain Camelid Antibodies.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Wrapp, Daniel", "De Vlieger, Dorien", "Corbett, Kizzmekia S", "Torres, Gretel M", "Wang, Nianshuang", "Van Breedam, Wander", "Roose, Kenny", "van Schie, Loes", "Hoffmann, Markus", "Pohlmann, Stefan", "Graham, Barney S", "Callewaert, Nico", "Schepens, Bert", "Saelens, Xavier", "McLellan, Jason S"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531248", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442278, "title": "Prioritizing infants in a time of Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine shortage caused by premature expectations against COVID-19.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Senoo, Yuki", "Suzuki, Yosuke", "Tsuda, Kenji", "Takahashi, Kenzo", "Tanimoto, Tetsuya"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442278", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500116, "pmcid": "PMC7236423", "title": "Leveraging investments in Ebola preparedness for COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa.", "journal": "AAS Open Res", "authors": ["Ayebare, Rodgers", "Waitt, Peter", "Okello, Stephen", "Kayiira, Mubaraka", "Atim Ajok, Maureen", "Nakatudde, Irene", "Bhadelia, Nahid", "Lamorde, Mohammed"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500116", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in China and transmission to more than 80 territories worldwide, including nine countries in\u00a0Africa, presents a delicate situation for low-resource settings. Countries in Eastern and Central Africa have been on high alert since mid-2018 in anticipation of regional spread of the Ebola virus from the Democratic Republic of Congo. Significant investment has been made to support enhanced surveillance at point of entry and hospitals, infection control practices, clinical case management, and clinical research. With a new threat on the horizon, African countries have an opportunity to leverage the existing capacities for Ebola preparedness to brace for the imminent threat."}, {"pmid": 32458267, "title": "Therapeutic alternatives and strategies for drug conservation in the intensive care unit during times of drug shortage: a report of the Ontario COVID-19 ICU Drug Task Force.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Kanji, Salmaan", "Burry, Lisa", "Williamson, David", "Pittman, Michelle", "Dubinsky, Samuel", "Patel, Deep", "Natarajan, Sabrina", "MacLean, Robert", "Huh, Jin-Hyeun", "Scales, Damon C", "Neilipovitz, David"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458267", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) global pandemic, urgent strategies to alleviate shortages are required. Evaluation of the feasibility, practicality, and value of drug conservation strategies and therapeutic alternatives requires a collaborative approach at the provincial level. The Ontario COVID-19 ICU Drug Task Force was directed to create recommendations suggesting drug conservation strategies and therapeutic alternatives for essential drugs at risk of shortage in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recommendations were rapidly developed using a modified Delphi method and evaluated on their ease of implementation, feasibility, and supportive evidence. This article describes the recommendations for drug conservation strategies and therapeutic alternatives for drugs at risk of shortage that are commonly used in the care of critically ill patients. Recommendations are identified as preferred and secondary ones that might be less desirable. Although the impetus for generating this document was the COVID-19 pandemic, recommendations should also be applicable for mitigating drug shortages outside of a pandemic. Proposed provincial strategies for drug conservation and therapeutic alternatives may not all be appropriate for every institution. Local implementation will require consultation from end-users and hospital administrators. Competing equipment shortages and available resources should be considered when evaluating the appropriateness of each strategy."}, {"pmid": 32476126, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Clinical Perspectives and Ongoing Challenges.", "journal": "West Afr J Med", "authors": ["Arawomo, A O", "Ajibade, A I", "Adeniyi, B", "Aigbirior, J", "Erhabor, G E"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476126", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging infectious diseases pose a great hazard to public health and the global economy. A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged from Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Since then, it has spread globally causing a global health emergency of inconceivable magnitude, with significant morbidity and mortality. There is the need for clinicians and health care providers to understand and gain knowledge of the different aspects of the disease as it evolves. We reviewed existing literature on COVID-19 in order to present a synopsis of current understanding of the disease. Using PubMed, Embase and Medline, articles published between January and April 2020 on Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and resources from World Health Organisation were analyzed in order to have an understanding of the clinical characteristics, transmission dynamics, virology, diagnostic possibilities, prevention, management approach, controversies and impact of COVID-19 on the healthcare workforce. Our review revealed that COVID-19 patients present with a myriad of symptoms, ranging from mild to severe respiratory disease, which can often be fatal. The mode of transmission via droplet infections makes it unduly contagious and difficult to control. Currently, antiviral drugs or vaccines are being developed to manage this condition. There is urgent need for potent antivirals and vaccine to manage those infected with COVID 19 and prevent infection. Global efforts need to be unified in combating this public health emergency and flattening the curve of spread."}, {"pmid": 32311132, "pmcid": "PMC7264675", "title": "Scarcity in the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Hastings Cent Rep", "authors": ["Solomon, Mildred Z", "Wynia, Matthew", "Gostin, Lawrence O"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311132", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As we write, U.S. cities and states with extensive community transmission of Covid-19 are in harm's way-not only because of the disease itself but also because of prior and current failures to act. During the 2009 influenza pandemic, public health agencies and hospitals developed but never adequately implemented preparedness plans. Focused on efficiency in a competitive market, health systems had few incentives to maintain stockpiles of essential medical equipment. Just-in-time economic models resulted in storage of only those supplies needed then. At the same time, global purchasing in search of lower prices reduced the number of U.S. suppliers, with hospitals dependent on foreign companies. There is still a possibility that the pandemic will be manageably bad rather than unmanageably catastrophic in this country. Immediate, powerful, and sustained federal action could make the difference."}, {"pmid": 32322401, "pmcid": "PMC7171518", "title": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a pandemic (epidemiology, pathogenesis and potential therapeutics).", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Hamid, Saima", "Mir, Mohammad Yaseen", "Rohela, Gulab Khan"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322401", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is highly pathogenic viral infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. Currently, COVID-19 has caused global health concern. It is assumed that COVID-19 has zoonotic origin based on the large number of infected people who were exposed to the wet market in Wuhan City, China. The phylogenetic analysis has revealed that SARS-CoV-2 has significant sequence similarity with severe acute respiratory syndrome-like (SARS-like) bat viruses, thus bats could be primary possible reservoir. The intermediate host and there subsequent transfer is not known yet, although human to human transfer is widely confirmed. The transmission of COVID-19 infection from one person to another resulted in the isolation of patients who were subsequently given a variety of treatments. To monitor the current outbreak, robust steps have been taken around the globe to reduce the transmission of COVID-19 infection particularly banning international and domestic flights, inducting lockdowns in vulnerable areas, social distancing etc. No clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine against COVID-19 is reported yet. However, in clinical trials, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs were evaluated against COVID-19 infection which resulted in clinical recovery. In this article emergence and pathogenicity of COVID-19 infection along with potential therapeutic strategies are analyzed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32503855, "title": "Candidate rheumatologic treatments for COVID-19. Response to: 'COVID-19 infection in a patient with FMF: does colchicine have a protective effect?' by Kobak.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Monti, Sara", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503855", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530146, "title": "[Healthcare, European Stability Mechanism and public funding following the Covid-19 pandemic].", "journal": "G Ital Nefrol", "authors": ["Spampinato, Luigi"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530146", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this editorial is to illustrate the new public funding framework of the Italian National Health System following the Covid-19 pandemic. The document reviews the measures put in place by the Italian Government and European Institutions such as the European Commission (EC), the European Central Bank (ECB) and the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) to deal with this health crisis and subsequent severe economic recession, with particular reference to sources and uses of resources. The use of new budgetary financial spaces in deficit entails greater attention to the assessment of interventions and makes it necessary to keep expenditure under strict control. At the same time, the remodeling of expenditure within its aggregates, public investment in innovation, and the removal of administrative obstacles can strengthen the capacity of the healthcare system to meet the extraordinary needs deriving from the spread of Covid-19 and its resilience to future health shocks."}, {"pmid": 32328866, "pmcid": "PMC7179953", "title": "Disability, Urban Health Equity, and the Coronavirus Pandemic: Promoting Cities for All.", "journal": "J Urban Health", "authors": ["Pineda, Victor Santiago", "Corburn, Jason"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328866", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Persons with disabilities (PWDs) living in cities during the COVID-19 pandemic response may be four times more likely to be injured or die than non-disabled persons, not because of their \"vulnerable\" position but because urban health policy, planning and practice has not considered their needs. In this article, the adverse health impacts on PWDs during the COVID-19 pandemic reveals the \"everyday emergencies\" in cities for PWDs and that these can be avoided through more inclusive community planning, a whole-of-government commitment to equal access, and implementation of universal design strategies. Importantly, COVID-19 can place PWDs at a higher risk of infection since some may already have compromised immune and respiratory systems and policy responses, such as social distancing, can lead to life-threatening disruptions in care for those that rely on home heath or personal assistants. Living in cities may already present health-damaging challenges for PWDs, such as through lack of access to services and employment, physical barriers on streets and transportation, and smart-city technologies that are not made universally accessible. We suggest that the current pandemic be viewed as an opportunity for significant urban health reforms on the scale of the sanitary and governance reforms that followed ninetieth century urban epidemics. This perspective offers insights for ensuring the twenty-first century response to COVID-19 focuses on promoting more inclusive and healthy cities for all."}, {"pmid": 32477419, "pmcid": "PMC7233295", "title": "Psoriasis, biologic therapy, and the pandemic of the 21st century.", "journal": "Drugs Context", "authors": ["Nogueira, Miguel", "Vender, Ron", "Torres, Tiago"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32477419", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic known as coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has quickly spread worldwide, with a significant impact on lives all over the world. The complexity related to the new coronavirus and the clinical syndrome it causes is not yet fully understood. The impact of COVID-19 on patients with psoriasis under biologic agents is continuously being observed in this rapidly changing pandemic. A case-by-case evaluation must be made by dermatologists, and the final decision should be discussed and decided by both the patient and the specialist. Observations reveal that immunosuppressive therapy may have a role in the treatment of this virus, placing emphasis on the scenario of safety through maintenance of therapy with biologic agents, especially when there are no signs or symptoms related to the infection or contact with an infected patient."}, {"pmid": 32201353, "pmcid": "PMC7156162", "title": "Review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) based on current evidence.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Wang, Lisheng", "Wang, Yiru", "Ye, Dawei", "Liu, Qingquan"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201353", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a highly contagious disease. The World Health Organization has declared the ongoing outbreak to be a global public health emergency. Currently, the research on SARS-CoV-2 is in its primary stages. Based on current published evidence, this review systematically summarizes the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19. It is hoped that this review will help the public to recognize and deal with SARS-CoV-2, and provide a reference for future studies."}, {"pmid": 32272481, "title": "Structure of M(pro) from SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of its inhibitors.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Jin, Zhenming", "Du, Xiaoyu", "Xu, Yechun", "Deng, Yongqiang", "Liu, Meiqin", "Zhao, Yao", "Zhang, Bing", "Li, Xiaofeng", "Zhang, Leike", "Peng, Chao", "Duan, Yinkai", "Yu, Jing", "Wang, Lin", "Yang, Kailin", "Liu, Fengjiang", "Jiang, Rendi", "Yang, Xinglou", "You, Tian", "Liu, Xiaoce", "Yang, Xiuna", "Bai, Fang", "Liu, Hong", "Liu, Xiang", "Guddat, Luke W", "Xu, Wenqing", "Xiao, Gengfu", "Qin, Chengfeng", "Shi, Zhengli", "Jiang, Hualiang", "Rao, Zihe", "Yang, Haitao"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272481", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new coronavirus, known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a02 (SARS-CoV-2), is the aetiological agent responsible for the 2019-2020 viral pneumonia outbreak of coronavirus disease\u00a02019 (COVID-19)1-4. Currently, there are no targeted therapeutic agents for the treatment of this disease, and effective treatment options remain very limited. Here we describe the results of a programme that aimed to rapidly discover lead compounds for clinical use, by combining structure-assisted drug design, virtual drug screening and high-throughput screening. This programme focused on identifying drug leads that target main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2: Mpro is a key enzyme of coronaviruses and has a pivotal role in mediating viral replication and transcription, making it an attractive drug target for SARS-CoV-25,6. We identified a mechanism-based inhibitor (N3) by computer-aided drug design, and then determined the crystal structure of Mpro of SARS-CoV-2 in complex with this compound. Through a combination of structure-based virtual and high-throughput screening, we assayed more than 10,000\u00a0compounds-including approved drugs, drug candidates in clinical trials and other pharmacologically active compounds-as inhibitors of Mpro. Six of these compounds inhibited Mpro, showing half-maximal inhibitory concentration values that ranged from 0.67 to 21.4\u00a0\u03bcM. One of these compounds (ebselen) also exhibited promising antiviral activity in cell-based assays. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of our screening strategy, which can lead to the rapid discovery of drug leads with clinical potential in response to new infectious diseases for which no specific drugs or vaccines are available."}, {"pmid": 32284571, "title": "Efficacy of remdesivir in a rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection.", "journal": "Lab Anim (NY)", "authors": ["Le Bras, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284571", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268638, "title": "[Health protection guideline of schools and other educational institutions during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268638", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This guideline stipulates the management requirements, on-site hygiene operation, personal protection and comprehensive security of schools and other educational institutions. It is applicable to the unified standard prevention and control of schools and other educational institutions during COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32355222, "pmcid": "PMC7191131", "title": "A novel COVID-19 and its effects on cardiovascular disease.", "journal": "Hypertens Res", "authors": ["Paramasivam, Arumugam", "Priyadharsini, Jayaseelan Vijayashree", "Raghunandhakumar, Subramanian", "Elumalai, Perumal"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355222", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234128, "title": "[Investigation of an epidemic cluster caused by COVID rectangle19 cases in incubation period in Shanghai].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Xiao, W J", "Gao, Q", "Jin, K", "Gong, X H", "Han, R B", "Jiang, C Y", "Jiang, X J", "Jin, B H", "Fang, Q W", "Pan, H", "Wu, H Y", "Sun, X D"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234128", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of a cluster of 5 confirmed COVID\u204319 cases related with the transmission in incubation period of initial case, and find out the infection source and transmission chain.. Methods: According to \"The Prevention\u00a0and\u00a0Control Protocol for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Third Edition)\" issued by the National Health Commission, a field epidemiological survey was conducted for the 5 cases in January 2020. Nasopharyngeal swabs and sputum samples were collected from them for the detection of 2019-nCoV by real time RT-PCR. Multi prevention and control measures were taken, such as tracking and screening close contacts, medical isolation observation, investigating the epidemiological link, analyzing transmission chain. Results: Case 1, who had common environmental exposure with other COVID\u204319 cases, got sick on 20 January, 2020 and was confirmed on 1 February. Case 2 became symptomatic on 22 January and was confirmed on 27 January. Case 3 got sick on 25 January and was confirmed on 30 January. Case 4 had illness onset on 20 January and was confirmed on 1 February. Case 5 got sick on 23 January and was confirmed on 31 January. Among the 5 cases, case 2 died and the illness of other cases were effectively controlled. After exclusion of other common exposure factors, case 1 had a 6-hour meeting with case 2 and case 3 on 19 January. Case 2 and case 3 might be infected by case 1 during the incubation period. It is the key point for epidemiological investigation. Conclusion: The epidemiological investigation indicates that the transmission might occur in the incubation period of COVID-19 case, close attention should be paid to it in future COVID-19 prevention and control."}, {"pmid": 32457232, "title": "The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory Response to COVID-19: a Micro-Comic Strip.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["McAdam, Alexander J"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457232", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415548, "pmcid": "PMC7226715", "title": "The role of environmental factors to transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "AMB Express", "authors": ["Eslami, Hadi", "Jalili, Mahrokh"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415548", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in more than 250 countries has become a serious threat to the health of people around the world. Human-to-human transmission of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)\u00a0occurs most often when people are in the incubation stage of the disease or are carriers and have no symptoms. Therefore, in this study, was discussed the role of environmental factors and conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind speed as well as food, water and sewage, air, insects, inanimate\u00a0surfaces, and hands in COVID-19 transmission. The results of studies on the stability of the SARS-CoV-2 on different levels showed that the resistance of this virus on smooth surfaces was higher than others. Temperature increase and sunlight can facilitate the destruction of SARS-COV-2 and the stability of it on surfaces. When the minimum ambient air temperature increases by 1\u00a0\u00b0C, the cumulative number of cases decreases by 0.86%. According to the latest evidence, the presence of coronavirus in the sewer has been confirmed, but there is no evidence that it is transmitted through sewage or contaminated drinking water. Also, SARS-COV-2 transmission through food, food packages, and food handlers has not been identified as a risk factor for the disease. According to the latest studies, the possibility of transmitting SARS-COV-2 bioaerosol through the air has been reported in the internal environment of ophthalmology. The results additionally show that infectious bio-aerosols can move up to 6 feet. There have been no reports of SARS-COV-2 transmission by blood-feeding arthropods such as mosquitoes."}, {"pmid": 32501376, "pmcid": "PMC7241408", "title": "Analysis of Spatial Spread Relationships of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic in the World using Self Organizing Maps.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Melin, Patricia", "Monica, Julio Cesar", "Sanchez, Daniela", "Castillo, Oscar"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501376", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe in this paper an analysis of the spatial evolution of coronavirus pandemic around the world by using a particular type of unsupervised neural network, which is called self-organizing maps. Based on the clustering abilities of self-organizing maps we are able to spatially group together countries that are similar according to their coronavirus cases, in this way being able to analyze which countries are behaving similarly and thus can benefit by using similar strategies in dealing with the spread of the virus. Publicly available datasets of coronavirus cases around the globe from the last months have been used in the analysis. Interesting conclusions have been obtained, that could be helpful in deciding the best strategies in dealing with this virus. Most of the previous papers dealing with data of the Coronavirus have viewed the problem on temporal aspect, which is also important, but this is mainly concerned with the forecast of the numeric information. However, we believe that the spatial aspect is also important, so in this view the main contribution of this paper is the use of unsupervised self-organizing maps for grouping together similar countries in their fight against the Coronavirus pandemic, and thus proposing that strategies for similar countries could be established accordingly."}, {"pmid": 32155431, "pmcid": "PMC7126210", "title": "Unveiling the Origin and Transmission of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Trends Microbiol", "authors": ["Xu, Yifei"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32155431", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus has caused thousands of human infections in China since December 2019, raising a global public health concern. Recent studies (Huang et al., Chan et al., and Zhou et al.) have provided timely insights into its origin and ability to spread among humans, informing infection prevention and control practices."}, {"pmid": 32332087, "title": "COVID-19 Hits Cancer Research Funding.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332087", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic stretches on, investigators are becoming increasingly concerned about longer-term effects on grants and funding for cancer research. Institutions and philanthropic organizations are especially likely to be hit hard by the economic crisis, with effects that will be particularly acute for early-career investigators."}, {"pmid": 32490524, "title": "COVID-19 versus the 1918 influenza pandemic: different virus, different age mortality patterns.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Shanks, G Dennis"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490524", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437934, "pmcid": "PMC7211644", "title": "Use of anakinra in severe COVID-19: a case report.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Filocamo, Giovanni", "Mangioni, Davide", "Tagliabue, Paola", "Aliberti, Stefano", "Costantino, Giorgio", "Minoia, Francesca", "Bandera, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437934", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 19 is a global healthcare emergency with high lethality rate. Relevant inflammatory cytokine storm is associated with severity of disease and IL1 inhibition is a cornerstone treatment for hyperinflammatory diseases. We present here the case of a patient with critical COVID-19 successfully treated with IL-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra)."}, {"pmid": 32386056, "pmcid": "PMC7239122", "title": "Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Biological Treatment in SARS-CoV-2 Era. Why Not?", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Grassia, Roberto", "Soro, Sara", "Conti, Clara Benedetta"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386056", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461414, "title": "Commentary: Restructuring residency training in ophthalmology during COVID-19 era: Challenges and opportunities.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Kumar, Atul", "Agarwal, Divya"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461414", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372817, "pmcid": "PMC7195033", "title": "Concerns over UK advice.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Adam, David"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372817", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Key scientific data and advice to the UK government won't be published until the coronavirus pandemic ends, reports David Adam."}, {"pmid": 32474598, "title": "Predicting mortality due to SARS-CoV-2: A mechanistic score relating obesity and diabetes to COVID-19 outcomes in Mexico.", "journal": "J Clin Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Bello-Chavolla, Omar Yaxmehen", "Bahena-Lopez, Jessica Paola", "Antonio-Villa, Neftali Eduardo", "Vargas-Vazquez, Arsenio", "Gonzalez-Diaz, Armando", "Marquez-Salinas, Alejandro", "Fermin-Martinez, Carlos A", "Naveja, J Jesus", "Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos A"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474598", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak poses challenge to healthcare systems due to high complication rates in patients with cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we identify risk factors and propose a clinical score to predict COVID-19 lethality, including specific factors for diabetes and obesity and its role in improving risk prediction. We obtained data of confirmed and negative COVID-19 cases and their demographic and health characteristics from the General Directorate of Epidemiology of Mexican Ministry of Health. We investigated specific risk factors associated to COVID-19 positivity and mortality and explored the impact of diabetes and obesity on modifying COVID-19 related lethality. Finally, we built a clinical score to predict COVID-19 lethality. Among 177,133 subjects at May 18th, 2020, we observed 51,633 subjects with SARS-CoV-2 and 5,332 deaths. Risk factors for lethality in COVID-19 include early-onset diabetes, obesity, COPD, advanced age, hypertension, immunosuppression, and CKD; we observed that obesity mediates 49.5% of the effect of diabetes on COVID-19 lethality. Early-onset diabetes conferred an increased risk of hospitalization and obesity conferred an increased risk for ICU admission and intubation. Our predictive score for COVID-19 lethality included age \u226565 years, diabetes, early-onset diabetes, obesity, age <40 years, CKD, hypertension, and immunosuppression and significantly discriminates lethal from non-lethal COVID-19 cases (c-statistic=0.823). Here, we propose a mechanistic approach to evaluate risk for complications and lethality attributable to COVID-19 considering the effect of obesity and diabetes in Mexico. Our score offers a clinical tool for quick determination of high-risk susceptibility patients in a first contact scenario."}, {"pmid": 32333915, "pmcid": "PMC7175851", "title": "Association of respiratory allergy, asthma, and expression of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Jackson, Daniel J", "Busse, William W", "Bacharier, Leonard B", "Kattan, Meyer", "O'Connor, George T", "Wood, Robert A", "Visness, Cynthia M", "Durham, Stephen R", "Larson, David", "Esnault, Stephane", "Ober, Carole", "Gergen, Peter J", "Becker, Patrice", "Togias, Alkis", "Gern, James E", "Altman, Mathew C"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333915", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236385, "pmcid": "PMC7100949", "title": "Outbreak investigation in cargo ship in times of COVID-19 crisis, Port of Santos, Brazil.", "journal": "Rev Saude Publica", "authors": ["Fernandes, Eder Gatti", "Santos, Janice da Silva", "Sato, Helena Keico"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236385", "countries": ["China", "Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In February 2020, a Chinese cargo ship docked at the Port of Santos with reports of crew members with a feverish and respiratory condition. A team was gathered to verify the existence of suspected cases of COVID-19 inside the vessel and define its clearance. All 25 crew members were interviewed, and no suspected cases were found. The vessel was then cleared for port activities. The investigation resulted from the implementation of the contingency plan to face a public health emergency of international importance and several surveillance entities cooperated."}, {"pmid": 32434807, "title": "COVID-19 serologic testing: FAQs and caveats.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Kadkhoda, Kamran"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434807", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222988, "pmcid": "PMC7161803", "title": "Review article: gastrointestinal features in COVID-19 and the possibility of faecal transmission.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Tian, Yuan", "Rong, Long", "Nian, Weidong", "He, Yan"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222988", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is little published evidence on the gastrointestinal features of COVID-19. To report on the gastrointestinal manifestations and pathological findings of patients with COVID-19, and to discuss the possibility of faecal transmission. We have reviewed gastrointestinal features of, and faecal test results in, COVID-19 from case reports and retrospective clinical studies relating to the digestive system published since the outbreak. With an incidence of 3% (1/41)-79% (159/201), gastrointestinal symptoms of COVID-19 included anorexia 39.9% (55/138)-50.2% (101/201), diarrhoea 2% (2/99)-49.5% (146/295), vomiting 3.6% (5/138)-66.7% (4/6), nausea 1% (1/99)-29.4% (59/201), abdominal pain 2.2% (3/138)-6.0% (12/201) and gastrointestinal bleeding 4% (2/52)-13.7% (10/73). Diarrhoea was the most common gastrointestinal symptom in children and adults, with a mean duration of 4.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.5\u00a0days, and was observed before and after diagnosis. Vomiting was more prominent in children. About 3.6% (5/138)-15.9% (32/201) of adult and 6.5% (2/31)-66.7% (4/6) of children patients presented vomiting. Adult and children patients can present with digestive symptoms in the absence of respiratory symptoms. The incidence of digestive manifestations was higher in the later than in the early stage of the epidemic, but no differences in digestive symptoms among different regions were found. Among the group of patients with a higher proportion of severe cases, the proportion of gastrointestinal symptoms in severe patients was higher than that in nonsevere patients (anorexia 66.7% vs 30.4%; abdominal pain 8.3% vs 0%); while in the group of patients with a lower severe rate, the proportion with gastrointestinal symptoms was similar in severe and nonsevere cases (nausea and vomiting 6.9% vs 4.6%; diarrhoea 5.8% vs 3.5%). Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and virus nucleocapsid protein were detected in gastrointestinal epithelial cells, and infectious virus particles were isolated from faeces. Faecal PCR testing was as accurate as respiratory specimen PCR detection. In 36% (5/14)-53% (39/73) faecal PCR became positive, 2-5\u00a0days later than sputum PCR positive. Faecal excretion persisted after sputum excretion in 23% (17/73)-82% (54/66) patients for 1-11 days. Gastrointestinal symptoms are common in patients with COVID-19, and had an increased prevalence in the later stage of the recent epidemic in China. SARS-CoV-2 enters gastrointestinal epithelial cells, and the faeces of COVID-19 patients are potentially infectious."}, {"pmid": 32448783, "title": "Impact of delayed diagnoses at the time of COVID-19: increased rate of preventable bilateral blindness in giant cell arteritis.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Monti, Sara", "Delvino, Paolo", "Bellis, Elisa", "Milanesi, Alessandra", "Brandolino, Fabio", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448783", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379104, "title": "Mortality Rates of Patients with Proximal Femoral Fracture in a Worldwide Pandemic: Preliminary Results of the Spanish HIP-COVID Observational Study.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Munoz Vives, Josep Maria", "Jornet-Gibert, Montsant", "Camara-Cabrera, J", "Esteban, Pedro L", "Brunet, Laia", "Delgado-Flores, Luis", "Camacho-Carrasco, P", "Torner, P", "Marcano-Fernandez, Francesc"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379104", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), in December 2019 in Wuhan, People's Republic of China, has developed into an unprecedented pandemic with enormous pressure on health-care providers around the world. A higher mortality rate has been described in older infected individuals. Patients with hip fracture are a particularly vulnerable population during this pandemic because older age is associated with a higher mortality rate. Our aim was to describe the early mortality rate and demographic variables in a hip fracture sample population in Spain during the coronavirus pandemic. This is a multicenter, observational, retrospective, descriptive study. We collected data from 13 major hospitals in Spain from the beginning of the national state of alarm (declared on March 14, 2020, by the Spanish government) until the end of our study period on April 4, 2020. All patients who were \u226565 years of age, presented to the Emergency Department of the participating hospitals during this period with a diagnosis of proximal femoral fracture, and had a minimum follow-up of 10 days were included in the cohort. In addition to mortality, demographic and other potential prognostic variables were also collected. In this study, 136 patients with a hip fracture were included. Of these patients, 124 underwent a surgical procedure and 12 were managed nonoperatively. The total mortality rate was 9.6%. Sixty-two patients were tested for COVID-19, with 23 patients being positive. The mortality rate for these 23 patients was 30.4% (7 of 23 patients) at a mean follow-up of 14 days. The mortality rate was 10.3% (4 of 39) for patients who had been tested and had a negative result and 2.7% (2 of 74) for patients who had not been tested. Of the 12 patients who were managed nonoperatively, 8 (67%) died, whereas, of the 124 patients who were surgically treated, 5 (4%) died. Results differed among centers. There is a higher mortality rate in patients with a hip fracture and an associated positive test for COVID-19. Prognostic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence."}, {"pmid": 32395600, "pmcid": "PMC7212975", "title": "Periorbital Erythema as a Presenting Sign of Covid-19.", "journal": "JAAD Case Rep", "authors": ["Kalner, Samantha", "Vergilis, Irene J"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395600", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363406, "pmcid": "PMC7197551", "title": "Acute myocardial injury, MINOCA, or myocarditis? Improving characterization of coronavirus-associated myocardial involvement.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Peretto, Giovanni", "Sala, Simone", "Caforio, Alida Linda Patrizia"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363406", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303440, "pmcid": "PMC7156237", "title": "Radiology Management and COVID-19 in Resource Limited Setting.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303440", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281332, "title": "[Study on medication regularity of traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of COVID-19 based on data mining].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhou, Zheng", "Zhu, Chun-Sheng", "Zhang, Bing"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281332", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) is developing rapidly and posing great threat to public health. There is no specific medicine available for treating the disease. Luckily, traditional Chinese medicine has played a positive role in the fighting against COVID-19. In this paper, We collected and sorted the prescriptions of modern Chinese medicine for COVID-19 released by national government, different provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, as well as online databases, such as CNKI, WanFang medical network, and VIP database. These prescriptions were combined with the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine auxiliary V2.5, and the complex system entropy clustering method was used to determine the association rules and frequency of single drug and drug combination in the prescription. In the end, 96 effective prescriptions were included. Among them, the four properties were mainly concentrated in temperature, cold and level, the five tastes were mainly concentrated in bitter, hot and sweet, and the meridians were mainly concentrated in lung, stomach and spleen. The high-frequency drugs were Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum, etc., and the high-frequency combinations are Gypsum Fibrosum-Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Armeniacae Semen Amarum-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, the core combinations are Lepidii Semen-Armeniacae Semen Amarum-Gypsum Fibrosum, Pogostemonis Herba-Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens-Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Ophiopogonis Radix-Armeniacae Semen Amarum-Scutellariae Radix and so on. Form new prescriptions Lepidii Semen, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Gypsum Fibrosum, Pogostemonis Herba, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex. Ophiopogonis Radix, Armeniacae Semen Amarum, Scutellariae Radix, Schisandrae Sphenantherae Fructus, Panacis Quinquefolii Radix. From the medicinal properties to high-frequency drugs and new prescriptions, it could be seen that the overall treatment of COVID-19 by traditional Chinese medicine was to strengthen body resistance, eliminate pathogenic factors, and give attention to Qi and Yin."}, {"pmid": 32179910, "pmcid": "PMC7184401", "title": "Clinical Outcomes in 55 Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Who Were Asymptomatic at Hospital Admission in Shenzhen, China.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Yanrong", "Liu, Yingxia", "Liu, Lei", "Wang, Xianfeng", "Luo, Nijuan", "Li, Ling"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179910", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An epidemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has spread unexpectedly in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, since December 2019. There are few reports about asymptomatic contacts of infected patients identified as positive for SARS-CoV-2 through screening. We studied the epidemiological and clinical outcomes in 55 asymptomatic carriers who were laboratory confirmed to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 through nucleic acid testing of pharyngeal swab samples. The asymptomatic carriers seldom occurred among young people (aged 18-29 years) who had close contact with infected family members. In the majority of patients, the outcome was mild or ordinary 2019 novel coronavirus disease during hospitalization."}, {"pmid": 32382146, "pmcid": "PMC7205026", "title": "Expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in human primary conjunctival and pterygium cell lines and in mouse cornea.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Ma, Di", "Chen, Chong-Bo", "Jhanji, Vishal", "Xu, Ciyan", "Yuan, Xiang-Ling", "Liang, Jia-Jian", "Huang, Yuqiang", "Cen, Ling-Ping", "Ng, Tsz Kin"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382146", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the expressions of SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and type II transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) genes in human and mouse ocular cells and comparison to other tissue cells. Human conjunctiva and primary pterygium tissues were collected from pterygium patients who underwent surgery. The expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 genes was determined in human primary conjunctival and pterygium cells, human ocular and other tissue cell lines, mesenchymal stem cells as well as mouse ocular and other tissues by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and SYBR green PCR. RT-PCR analysis showed consistent expression by 2 ACE2 gene primers in 2 out of 3 human conjunctival cells and pterygium cell lines. Expression by 2 TMPRSS2 gene primers could only be found in 1 out of 3 pterygium cell lines, but not in any conjunctival cells. Compared with the lung A549 cells, similar expression was noted in conjunctival and pterygium cells. In addition, mouse cornea had comparable expression of Tmprss2 gene and lower but prominent Ace2 gene expression compared with the lung tissue. Considering the necessity of both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 for SARS-CoV-2 infection, our results suggest that conjunctiva would be less likely to be infected by SARS-CoV-2, whereas pterygium possesses some possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection. With high and consistent expression of Ace2 and Tmprss2 in cornea, cornea rather than conjunctiva has higher potential to be infected by SARS-CoV-2. Precaution is necessary to prevent possible SARS-CoV-2 infection through ocular surface in clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32485894, "title": "In Silico Evaluation of the Effectivity of Approved Protease Inhibitors against the Main Protease of the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Virus.", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Eleftheriou, Phaedra", "Amanatidou, Dionysia", "Petrou, Anthi", "Geronikaki, Athina"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485894", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease, COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which first emerged in Wuhan, China and was made known to the World in December 2019 turned into a pandemic causing more than 126,124 deaths worldwide up to April 16th, 2020. It has 79.5% sequence identity with SARS-CoV-1 and the same strategy for host cell invasion through the ACE-2 surface protein. Since the development of novel drugs is a long-lasting process, researchers look for effective substances among drugs already approved or developed for other purposes. The 3D structure of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease was compared with the 3D structures of seven proteases, which are drug targets, and docking analysis to the SARS-CoV-2 protease structure of thirty four approved and on-trial protease inhibitors was performed. Increased 3D structural similarity between the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, the HCV protease and \u03b1-thrombin was found. According to docking analysis the most promising results were found for HCV protease, DPP-4, \u03b1-thrombin and coagulation Factor Xa known inhibitors, with several of them exhibiting estimated free binding energy lower than -8.00 kcal/mol and better prediction results than reference compounds. Since some of the compounds are well-tolerated drugs, the promising in silico results may warrant further evaluation for viral anticipation. DPP-4 inhibitors with anti-viral action may be more useful for infected patients with diabetes, while anti-coagulant treatment is proposed in severe SARS-CoV-2 induced pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32405269, "pmcid": "PMC7217787", "title": "Targeting T-cell senescence and cytokine storm with rapamycin to prevent severe progression in COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Omarjee, Loukman", "Janin, Anne", "Perrot, Frederique", "Laviolle, Bruno", "Meilhac, Olivier", "Mahe, Guillaume"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405269", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496241, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine as prophylaxis or treatment for COVID-19: What does the evidence say?", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Nina, Praveen Balabaskaran", "Dash, Aditya Prasad"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496241", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), an antimalarial has been proposed as possible treatment for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). India has approved the use of HCQ for prophylaxis of asymptomatic health workers treating suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases, and asymptomatic household contacts of confirmed patients. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has issued Emergency Use Authorization for the use of HCQ to treat COVID-19 in adolescents and adults. In this review, we go over the available evidence for and against HCQ's use as prophylaxis or treatment for COVID-19, especially in the Indian context."}, {"pmid": 32503058, "title": "Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: What is the Optimal Definition?", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Blumberg, Dean A", "Underwood, Mark A", "Hedriana, Herman L", "Lakshminrusimha, Satyan"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503058", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393837, "title": "Controlling COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Hum Behav", "authors": ["Schiffer, Anne-Marike"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393837", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504017, "title": "India expands use of controversial drug for coronavirus despite safety concerns.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Pulla, Priyanka"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504017", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503816, "title": "Oral Methioninase for Covid-19 Methionine-restriction Therapy.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Hoffman, Robert M", "Han, Qinghong"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503816", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic is a world-wide crisis without an effective therapy. While most approaches to therapy are using repurposed drugs that were developed for other diseases, it is thought that targeting the biology of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes Covid-19, can result in an effective therapeutic treatment. The coronavirus RNA cap structure is methylated by two viral methyltransferases that transfer methyl groups from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). The proper methylation of the virus depends on the level of methionine in the host to form SAM. Herein, we propose to restrict methionine availability by treating the patient with oral recombinant methioninase, aiming to treat Covid-19. By restricting methionine we not only interdict viral replication, which depends on the viral RNA cap methyaltion, but also inhibit the proliferation of the infected cells, which have an increased requirement for methionine. Most importantly, the virally-induced T-cell- and macrophage-mediated cytokine storm, which seems to be a significant cause for Covid-19 deaths, can also be inhibited by restricting methionine, since T-cell and macrophrage activation greatly increases the methionine requirement for these cells. The evidence reviewed here suggests that oral recombinant methioninase could be a promising treatment for coronavirus patients."}, {"pmid": 32425730, "pmcid": "PMC7229920", "title": "A negative fallout of COVID-19 lockdown in Italy: life-threatening delay in the diagnosis of celiac disease.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Catassi, Giulia N", "Vallorani, Martina", "Cerioni, Federica", "Lionetti, Elena", "Catassi, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425730", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32088679, "title": "2019-nCoV (Wuhan virus), a novel Coronavirus: human-to-human transmission, travel-related cases, and vaccine readiness.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Ralph, Robyn", "Lew, Jocelyne", "Zeng, Tiansheng", "Francis, Magie", "Xue, Bei", "Roux, Melissa", "Toloue Ostadgavahi, Ali", "Rubino, Salvatore", "Dawe, Nicholas J", "Al-Ahdal, Mohammed N", "Kelvin, David J", "Richardson, Christopher D", "Kindrachuk, Jason", "Falzarano, Darryl", "Kelvin, Alyson Anne"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088679", "countries": ["Thailand", "Canada", "France", "Germany", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Japan", "Viet Nam", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December 2019 the Wuhan Health Commission reported a cluster of atypical pneumonia cases that was linked to a wet market in the city of Wuhan, China. The first patients began experiencing symptoms of illness in mid-December 2019. Clinical isolates were found to contain a novel coronavirus with similarity to bat coronaviruses. As of 28 January 2020, there are in excess of 4,500 laboratory-confirmed cases, with > 100 known deaths. As with the SARS-CoV, infections in children appear to be rare. Travel-related cases have been confirmed in multiple countries and regions outside mainland China including Germany, France, Thailand, Japan, South Korea, Vietnam, Canada, and the United States, as well as Hong Kong and Taiwan. Domestically in China, the virus has also been noted in several cities and provinces with cases in all but one provinence. While zoonotic transmission appears to be the original source of infections, the most alarming development is that human-to-human transmission is now prevelant. Of particular concern is that many healthcare workers have been infected in the current epidemic. There are several critical clinical questions that need to be resolved, including how efficient is human-to-human transmission? What is the animal reservoir? Is there an intermediate animal reservoir? Do the vaccines generated to the SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV or their proteins offer protection against 2019-nCoV? We offer a research perspective on the next steps for the generation of vaccines. We also present data on the use of in silico docking in gaining insight into 2019-nCoV Spike-receptor binding to aid in therapeutic development. Diagnostic PCR protocols can be found at https://www.who.int/health-topics/coronavirus/laboratory-diagnostics-for-novel-coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32344027, "pmcid": "PMC7195287", "title": "Regarding \"Understanding the 'Scope' of the Problem: Why Laparoscopy Is Considered Safe during the COVID-19 Pandemic\".", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Di Marzo, Francesco", "Cardi, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344027", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238084, "pmcid": "PMC7157948", "title": "Vertical Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) from Infected Pregnant Mothers to Neonates: A Review.", "journal": "Fetal Pediatr Pathol", "authors": ["Karimi-Zarchi, Mojgan", "Neamatzadeh, Hossein", "Dastgheib, Seyed Alireza", "Abbasi, Hajar", "Mirjalili, Seyed Reza", "Behforouz, Athena", "Ferdosian, Farzad", "Bahrami, Reza"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238084", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: Since early December 2019, the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) infection has been prevalent in China and eventually spread to other countries. There are a few published cases of COVID-19 occurring during pregnancy and due the possibility of mother-fetal vertical transmission, there is a concern that the fetuses may be at risk of congenital COVID-19. Methods: We reviewed the risk of vertical transmission of COVID-19 to the fetus of infected mothers by using data of published articles or official websites up to March 4, 2020. Results: A total of 31 infected pregnant mothers with COVID-19 were reported. No COVID-19 infection was detected in their neonates or placentas. Two mothers died from COVID-19-related respiratory complications after delivery. Conclusions: Currently, based on limited data, there is no evidence for intrauterine transmission of COVID-19 from infected pregnant women to their fetuses. Mothers may be at increased risk for more severe respiratory complications."}, {"pmid": 32453687, "title": "Position paper on the preparation of immune plasma to be used in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Blood Transfus", "authors": ["Accorsi, Patrizia", "Berti, Pierluigi", "de Angelis, Vincenzo", "De Silvestro, Giustina", "Mascaretti, Luca", "Ostuni, Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453687", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Passive immunotherapy with plasma derived from convalescent patients recovering from SARS-CoV-2 infection can be a promising approach in the treatment of COVID-19 patients. It is important that blood establishments are ready to satisfy requests for immune plasma by defining the requirements applicable to plasma donors and the standards for preparation, qualification, storage, distribution, and control of product use. This Position paper aims to give recommendations on the biological characteristics of a plasma preparation from convalescent donors and to support the evaluation of this therapeutic approach in more rigorous investigations."}, {"pmid": 32304912, "pmcid": "PMC7158832", "title": "Optical techniques for fast screening - towards prevention of the coronavirus COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther", "authors": ["de Carvalho, Luis Felipe das Chagas E Silva", "Nogueira, Marcelo Saito"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304912", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315980, "pmcid": "PMC7156942", "title": "COVID-19 in a MS patient treated with ocrelizumab: does immunosuppression have a protective role?", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Novi, Giovanni", "Mikulska, Malgorzata", "Briano, Federica", "Toscanini, Federica", "Tazza, Francesco", "Uccelli, Antonio", "Inglese, Matilde"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315980", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a novel disease entity that is spreading throughout the world. It has been speculated that patients with comorbidities and elderly patients could be at high risk for respiratory insufficiency and death. Immunosuppression could expose infected patients to even higher risks of disease complications due to dampened immune response. However, it has been speculated that overactive immune response could drive clinical deterioration and, based on this hypothesis, several immunosuppressants are currently being tested as potential treatment for COVID-19. In this paper we report on a patient that has been treated with ocrelizumab (a B-cell depleting monoclonal antibody) for primary progressive multiple sclerosis who developed COVID-19. Despite complete B cell depletion, patient symptoms abated few days after hospitalization, and he was discharged to home-quarantine. Phone interview follow-up confirmed that, after 14 days, no new symptoms occurred. This report supports the putative role of immunosuppressive therapy in COVID-19 affected patients."}, {"pmid": 32245157, "pmcid": "PMC7151105", "title": "Effective Risk Communication for Public Health Emergency: Reflection on the COVID-19 (2019-nCoV) Outbreak in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Healthcare (Basel)", "authors": ["Zhang, Liwei", "Li, Huijie", "Chen, Kelin"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245157", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Risk communication is critical to emergency management. The objective of this paper is to illustrate the effective process and attention points of risk communication reflecting on the COVID-19 (2019-nCoV) outbreak in Wuhan, China. We provide the timeline of risk communication progress in Wuhan and use a message-centered approach to identify problems that it entailed. It was found that the delayed decision making of the local government officials and the limited information disclosure should be mainly responsible for the ineffective risk communication. The principles for effective risk communication concerning Wuhan's outbreak management were also discussed. The whole communication process is suggested to integrate the accessibility and openness of risk information, the timing and frequency of communication, and the strategies dealing with uncertainties. Based on these principles and lessons from Wuhan's case, this paper employed a simplified Government-Expert-Public risk communication model to illustrate a collaborative network for effective risk communication."}, {"pmid": 32416901, "pmcid": "PMC7220170", "title": "Potential implications of SARS-CoV-2 on pregnancy.", "journal": "Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Tseng, Jen-Yu"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416901", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353254, "pmcid": "PMC7185930", "title": "Management of patients with multiple myeloma during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Malard, Florent", "Mohty, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353254", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372804, "pmcid": "PMC7195115", "title": "Apps for a crisis.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Newitz, Annalee"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372804", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus has many of us stuck at home. The result could fundamentally reshape how we use the internet, writes Annalee Newitz."}, {"pmid": 32405989, "pmcid": "PMC7220598", "title": "Cardiovascular disease in the literature: A selection of recent original research papers.", "journal": "J Nucl Cardiol", "authors": ["AlJaroudi, Wael A", "Hage, Fadi G"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405989", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32142938, "pmcid": "PMC7106073", "title": "Nonstructural proteins NS7b and NS8 are likely to be phylogenetically associated with evolution of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Fahmi, Muhamad", "Kubota, Yukihiko", "Ito, Masahiro"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142938", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The seventh novel human infecting Betacoronavirus that causes pneumonia (2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV) originated in Wuhan, China. The evolutionary relationship between 2019-nCoV and the other human respiratory illness-causing coronavirus is not closely related. We sought to characterize the relationship of the translated proteins of 2019-nCoV with other species of Orthocoronavirinae. A phylogenetic tree was constructed from the genome sequences. A cluster tree was developed from the profiles retrieved from the presence and absence of homologs of ten 2019-nCoV proteins. The combined data were used to characterize the relationship of the translated proteins of 2019-nCoV to other species of Orthocoronavirinae. Our analysis reliably suggests that 2019-nCoV is most closely related to BatCoV RaTG13 and belongs to subgenus Sarbecovirus of Betacoronavirus, together with SARS coronavirus and Bat-SARS-like coronavirus. The phylogenetic profiling cluster of homolog proteins of one annotated 2019-nCoV protein against other genome sequences revealed two clades of ten 2019-nCoV proteins. Clade 1 consisted of a group of conserved proteins in Orthocoronavirinae comprising Orf1ab polyprotein, Nucleocapsid protein, Spike glycoprotein, and Membrane protein. Clade 2 comprised six proteins exclusive to Sarbecovirus and Hibecovirus. Two of six Clade 2 nonstructural proteins, NS7b and NS8, were exclusively conserved among 2019-nCoV, BetaCoV_RaTG, and BatSARS-like Cov. NS7b and NS8 have previously been shown to affect immune response signaling in the SARS-CoV experimental model. Thus, we speculated that knowledge of the functional changes in the NS7b and NS8 proteins during evolution may provide important information to explore the human infective property of 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32227609, "title": "The possible impact of COVID-19 on colorectal surgery in Italy.", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Lisi, G", "Campanelli, M", "Spoletini, D", "Carlini, M"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227609", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530392, "title": "The Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Healthcare Personnel (HCP) and its Implications - A Single-Center, Prospective, Pilot Study.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Mughal, Mohsin Sheraz", "Kaur, Ikwinder Preet", "Patton, Chandler D", "Mikhail, Nagy H", "Vareechon, Chairut", "Granet, Kenneth M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530392", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452454, "pmcid": "PMC7151265", "title": "COVID-19 in forensic medicine unit personnel: Observation from Thailand.", "journal": "J Forensic Leg Med", "authors": ["Sriwijitalai, Won", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452454", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391668, "title": "[Dynamic inflammatory response in a critically ill COVID-19 patient treated with corticosteroids].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Zhagn, Sheng", "Li, Danping", "Chen, Huazhong", "Zheng, Dan", "Zhou, Yiping", "Chen, Baoguo", "Shi, Weiwu", "Lin, Ronghai"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391668", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the effect of corticosteroids therapy on the inflammatory response in a critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patient. A 55-year old female patient with critical ill COVID-19 was admitted in Taizhou Hospital on January 19, 2020. The patient was treated with methylprednisolone 80 mg on the 2nd day after admission. Thereafter, the dose was adjusted in a timely manner and the therapy lasted for 13 days. The peripheral lymphocyte subsets (CD3+T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, NK cells, B cells), as well as serum levels of lymphocyte factors (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3) were dynamically monitored. On D1 of admission, the numbers of peripheral blood CD3+ T, CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and NK cells were significantly lower than the normal range. With the improvement of the disease, the numbers of CD3+ T, CD8+ T and CD4 + T cells gradually recovered and showed a linear growth trend (linear fitting equation: Y=18.59X+109.4, P<0.05). On D2 of admission, the patient's IL-6 and IL-10 levels were significantly higher than normal values, IFN-\u03b3 was at a normal high value, and then rapidly decreased; IL-2, IL-4, and TNF-\u03b1 were all in the normal range. On the D6 and D7, the IL-6 and IL-10 decreased to the normal range for the first time. On the D18, the sputum virus nucleic acid test was negative for the first time, and the fecal virus nucleic acid test was still positive; on the D20 the sputum and fecal virus nucleic acid test were both negative. On D34, the patient recovered and was discharged. At the discharge the muscle strength score of the patient was 44 and the daily life ability evaluation was 90. In the absence of effective antiviral drugs, early use of appropriate doses of corticosteroids in critically ill patient with COVID-19 can quickly alleviate inflammatory response and improve clinical symptoms, however, it may reduce the number of T cells, and to adjust the dose in time is necessary."}, {"pmid": 32343745, "pmcid": "PMC7209966", "title": "Sex-specific clinical characteristics and prognosis of coronavirus disease-19 infection in Wuhan, China: A retrospective study of 168 severe patients.", "journal": "PLoS Pathog", "authors": ["Meng, Yifan", "Wu, Ping", "Lu, Wanrong", "Liu, Kui", "Ma, Ke", "Huang, Liang", "Cai, Jiaojiao", "Zhang, Hong", "Qin, Yu", "Sun, Haiying", "Ding, Wencheng", "Gui, Lingli", "Wu, Peng"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343745", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To confirm the relationship between sex and the progression of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19), and its potential mechanism, among severe patients. For this retrospective study, we included 168 consecutive severe patients with pathogen-confirmed COVID-19 who were hospitalized between January 16th and February 4th, 2020, at Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. Clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and outcomes were compared and analyzed between males and females. In the present study, we analyzed 168 severe patients with COVID-19, including 86 males and 82 females, and 48 patients (28.6%) were diagnosed as critically ill. Of 86 male patients, 12.8% (11/86) died and 75.6% (65/86) were discharged; of 82 female patients, 7.3% (6/82) died and 86.6% (71/82) were discharged. Eleven laboratory parameters showed significant differences between male and female patients, and six of them were higher during the whole clinical course in patients who died than in patients who were discharged. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, males with comorbidities presented a higher risk of being critically ill than males without comorbidities (OR = 3.824, 95% CI = 1.279-11.435). However, this association attenuated to null in female patients (OR = 2.992, 95% CI = 0.937-9.558). A similar sex-specific trend was observed in the relation between age and critically ill conditions. We highlighted sex-specific differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis. Male patients appeared to be more susceptible to age and comorbidities. Sex is an important biological variable that should be considered in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32294823, "title": "[Rapid investigation plan of clinical courses and key diagnosis and treatment equipment requirements for the patients of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294823", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469327, "pmcid": "PMC7222576", "title": "Pandemicity, COVID-19 and the limits of public health 'science'.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Richardson, Eugene T"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469327", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301976, "pmcid": "PMC7184510", "title": "Management of elective aortic valve replacement over the long term in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiothorac Surg", "authors": ["Basman, Craig", "Kliger, Chad A", "Pirelli, Luigi", "Scheinerman, S Jacob"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301976", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420925, "title": "Implications of SARSr-CoV 2 infection in thalassemias: Do patients fall into the \"high clinical risk\" category?", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Karimi, Mehran", "De Sanctis, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420925", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We're all flying blind regarding coronavirus, but it's fair to think if thalassemic patients are particularly vulnerable to SARS-COV-2\u00a0 infection or are at potential higher risk of complications from COVID-19 than normal population, specially when they become older. The frustrating thing is that, right now,\u00a0 this virus is still new. It only came to the attention of the World Health Organization at the end of December. Very few cases in thalassemia have so far been reported; is this due to lack of testing or a true lack of infection/susceptibility? However, we believe that more data should be collected to better characterise the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with thalassemias. Therefore, a multicenter registry and the collection of comprehensive data from both positive COVID-19 thalassemia major and non-transfusion dependent thalassemia are necessary to clarify debated issues. In the meantime an early and vigilant monitoring along with high quality supportive care are needed in thalassemic patients at high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32198708, "pmcid": "PMC7088682", "title": "2019 novel coronavirus outbreak: a quiz or final exam?", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Xu, Jiuyang", "Chen, Yijun", "Chen, Hao", "Cao, Bin"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198708", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is an emerging pathogen and is threatening the global health. Strikingly, more than 28 000 cases and 550 deaths have been reported within two months from disease emergence. Armed with experience from previous epidemics in the last two decades, clinicians, scientists, officials, and citizens in China are all contributing to the prevention of further 2019-nCoV transmission. Efficient preliminary work has enabled us to understand the basic characteristics of 2019-nCoV, but there are still many unanswered questions. It is too early now to judge our performance in this outbreak. Continuous and strengthened efforts should be made not only during the epidemic, but also afterwards in order to prepare for any incoming challenges."}, {"pmid": 32387456, "pmcid": "PMC7202813", "title": "Androgen-deprivation therapies for prostate cancer and risk of infection by SARS-CoV-2: a population-based study (N = 4532).", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Montopoli, M", "Zumerle, S", "Vettor, R", "Rugge, M", "Zorzi, M", "Catapano, C V", "Carbone, G M", "Cavalli, A", "Pagano, F", "Ragazzi, E", "Prayer-Galetti, T", "Alimonti, A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387456", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cell entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) depends on binding of the viral spike (S) proteins to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and on S protein priming by TMPRSS2. Inhibition of TMPRSS2 may work to block or decrease the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Intriguingly, TMPRSS2 is an androgen-regulated gene that is up-regulated in prostate cancer where it supports tumor progression and is involved in a frequent genetic translocation with the ERG gene. First- or second-generation androgen-deprivation therapies (ADTs) decrease the levels of TMPRSS2. Here we put forward the hypothesis that ADTs may protect patients affected by prostate cancer from SARS-CoV-2 infections. We extracted data regarding 9280 patients (4532 males) with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from 68 hospitals in Veneto, one of the Italian regions that was most affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The parameters used for each COVID-19-positive patient were sex, hospitalization, admission to intensive care unit, death, tumor diagnosis, prostate cancer diagnosis, and ADT. There were 9280 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients in the Veneto on 1 April 2020. Overall, males developed more severe complications, were more frequently hospitalized, and had a worse clinical outcome than females. Considering only the Veneto male population (2.4 million men), 0.2% and 0.3% of non-cancer and cancer patients, respectively, tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Comparing the total number of SARS-CoV-2-positive cases, prostate cancer patients receiving ADT had a significantly lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with patients who did not receive ADT (OR 4.05; 95% CI 1.55-10.59). A greater difference was found comparing prostate cancer patients receiving ADT with patients with any other type of cancer (OR 4.86; 95% CI 1.88-12.56). Our data suggest that cancer patients have an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections compared with non-cancer patients. However, prostate cancer patients receiving ADT appear to be partially protected from SARS-CoV-2 infections."}, {"pmid": 32398431, "pmcid": "PMC7219863", "title": "Our response to \"A response to: Determining Urgent/Emergent status of Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopic Procedures in an Ambulatory Care Setting during the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19)\".", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Rah, Kang H", "Platovsky, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398431", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32149770, "title": "High-throughput sequencing for confirmation of suspected 2019-nCoV infection identified by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Guan, Wen-Da", "Chen, Li-Ping", "Ye, Feng", "Ye, Dan", "Wu, Shi-Guan", "Zhou, Hong-Xia", "He, Jia-Yang", "Yang, Chun-Guang", "Zeng, Zhi-Qi", "Wang, Yu-Tao", "Li, Run-Feng", "Du, Qiu-Ling", "Liang, Xiao-Li", "Ma, Qin-Hai", "Yang, Zi-Feng"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149770", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388547, "pmcid": "PMC7224688", "title": "Plasma angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: novel biomarker in heart failure with implications for COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Oudit, Gavin Y", "Pfeffer, Marc A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388547", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415419, "pmcid": "PMC7225253", "title": "Smooth or Risky Revisit of an Old Malaria Drug for COVID-19?", "journal": "J Neuroimmune Pharmacol", "authors": ["Pahan, Priyanka", "Pahan, Kalipada"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415419", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an old medication for malaria. In addition to handling this parasitic disease, HCQ is also used to treat a number of autoimmune disorders including rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus when other medications are not effective. Recently a new viral infection (COVID-19) is rocking the entire world so much that it has already taken more than 200,000 lives throughout the world within the last two months and the World Health Organization was forced to declare it as a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Interestingly, some reports indicate that this wonder drug may be also beneficial for COVID-19 and accordingly, many clinical trials have begun. Here, we discuss different modes of action (anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, inhibition of endosomal acidification, suppression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 or ACE2 glycosylation, etc.) of HCQ that might be responsible for its possible anti-COVID-19 effect. On the other hand, this review also makes an honest attempt to delineate mechanisms (increase in vasoconstriction, inhibition of autophagy, depletion of T cells, etc.) indicating how it may aggravate certain conditions and why caution should be taken before granting widespread repurposing of HCQ for COVID-19. Graphical Abstract."}, {"pmid": 32224550, "pmcid": "PMC7260015", "title": "COVID-19 threatens health systems in sub-Saharan Africa: the eye of the crocodile.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Paintsil, Elijah"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224550", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366173, "title": "Clinical Recommendations for Epistaxis Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["D'Aguanno, Vittorio", "Ralli, Massimo", "Greco, Antonio", "de Vincentiis, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366173", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Epistaxis is a common complaint in the general population, and its treatment is a common procedure in emergency departments. In the COVID-19 era, procedures involving airway management are a particular risk for health care workers due to the high virulence of the virus, the transmission through aerosol, and the risk of contagion from asymptomatic patients. In this article, we propose a simple memorandum of clinical recommendations to minimize the risk of operator infection deriving from epistaxis management. The correct use of personal protective equipment and strict compliance with the behavioral guidelines are essential to reduce the potential risk of infection. In particular, the use of filtering masks is strongly recommended since all patients, including those referring for epistaxis, should be treated as being COVID-19 positive in the emergency department. The safety of health care workers is essential not only to safeguard continuous patient care but also to limit virus transmission."}, {"pmid": 32130833, "title": "Audio Interview: What Clinicians Need to Know in Diagnosing and Treating Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32130833", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247381, "pmcid": "PMC7270048", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic in the USA: what might we expect?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Chowell, Gerardo", "Mizumoto, Kenji"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247381", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347512, "pmcid": "PMC7187661", "title": "Group Testing for SARS-CoV-2: Forward to the Past?", "journal": "Pharmacoecon Open", "authors": ["Pouwels, Koen B", "Roope, Laurence S J", "Barnett, Adrian", "Hunter, David J", "Nolan, Terry M", "Clarke, Philip M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347512", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455089, "pmcid": "PMC7243063", "title": "A Review of Neurological Complications of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Sheraton, Mack", "Deo, Neha", "Kashyap, Rahul", "Surani, Salim"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455089", "countries": ["China", "France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2, a novel virus has shown an association with central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. Initial retrospective studies emerging from China and France, as well as case reports from different parts of the world revealed a spectrum of neurological symptoms ranging from a simple headache to more serious encephalitis and\u00a0dysexecutive syndromes. Authors have tried to explain this neurotropism of the virus by comparing invasion mechanisms with prior epidemic coronavirus\u00a0like severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS).\u00a0Concrete evidence on those viruses has been limited. This review attempts to discuss various pathophysiological mechanisms as it relates to neurological complications of SARS-CoV-2. We will also discuss the\u00a0neurological manifestations seen in various retrospective studies, systemic reviews, and case reports."}, {"pmid": 32360481, "pmcid": "PMC7191275", "title": "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics analysis of COVID-19 in the surrounding areas of Wuhan, Hubei Province in 2020.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Zheng, Yi", "Xiong, Chang", "Liu, Yuquan", "Qian, Xin", "Tang, Yijun", "Liu, Liang", "Leung, Elaine Lai-Han", "Wang, Meifang"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360481", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, new COVID-19 outbreaks have occurred and spread around the world. However, the clinical characteristics of patients in other areas around Wuhan, Hubei Province are still unclear. In this study, we performed epidemiological and clinical characteristics analysis on these regional cases. We retrospectively investigated COVID-19 patients positively confirmed by nucleic acid Q-PCR at Taihe Hospital from January 16 to February 4, 2020. Their epidemiological, clinical manifestations, and imaging characteristics were analysed. Among the 73 patients studied, 12.3 % developed symptoms after returning to Shiyan from Wuhan, and 71.2 % had a history of close contact with Wuhan personnel or confirmed cases. Among these patients, 9 cases were associated with family clustering. The first main symptoms presented by these patients were fever (84.9 %) and cough (21.9 %). The longest incubation period was 26 days, and the median interval from the first symptoms to admission was 5 days. Of the patients, 67.1 % were originally healthy people with no underlying diseases, others mostly had common comorbidities including hypertension (12.3 %) and diabetes (5.5 %), 10.9 % were current smokers, 30.1 % had low white blood cell counts and 45.2 % showed decreased lymphocytes at the first time of diagnosis. CT scans showed that multiple patchy ground glass shadows outside of the patient lungs were commonly observed, and a single sub-pleural sheet of ground glass shadow with enhanced vascular bundles was also found located under the pleura. Patient follow-up to February 14 presented 38.4 % severe cases and 2.7 % critical cases. After follow-up, the parameter of lymphocyte counts below 0.8\u2009\u00d7\u2009109/L cannot be used to predict severe and critical groups from the ordinary group, and a lower proportion of smokers and higher proportion of diabetes patients occur in the poor outcome group. Other co-morbidities are observed but did not lead to poor outcomes. The epidemiological characteristics of patients in the area around Wuhan, such as Shiyan, at first diagnosis are described as follows: Patients had histories of Wuhan residences in the early stage and family clustering in the later period. The incubation period was relatively long, and the incidence was relatively hidden, but the virulence was relatively low. The initial diagnosis of the patients was mostly ordinary, and the percentage of critical patients who evolved into the ICU during follow-up is 2.7 %, which is lower than the 26.1 % reported by Wuhan city. According to the Shiyan experience, early diagnosis with multiple swaps of the Q-PCR test and timely treatment can reduce the death rate. Diabetes could be one of the risk factors for progression to severe/critical outcomes. No evidence exists that smoking protects COVID-19 patients from developing to severe/critical cases, and the absolute number of lymphocytes at initial diagnosis could not predict the progression risk from severe to critical condition. Multivariate regression analysis should be used to further guide the allocation of clinical resources."}, {"pmid": 32416531, "pmcid": "PMC7204670", "title": "Handling the COVID-19 pandemic: Proposing a community based toolkit for psycho-social management and preparedness.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Banerjee, Debanjan", "Nair, Vasundharaa S"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473113, "pmcid": "PMC7255168", "title": "Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic in Paris, France: a population-based, observational study.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Marijon, Eloi", "Karam, Nicole", "Jost, Daniel", "Perrot, David", "Frattini, Benoit", "Derkenne, Clement", "Sharifzadehgan, Ardalan", "Waldmann, Victor", "Beganton, Frankie", "Narayanan, Kumar", "Lafont, Antoine", "Bougouin, Wulfran", "Jouven, Xavier"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473113", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although mortality due to COVID-19 is, for the most part, robustly tracked, its indirect effect at the population level through lockdown, lifestyle changes, and reorganisation of health-care systems has not been evaluated. We aimed to assess the incidence and outcomes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in an urban region during the pandemic, compared with non-pandemic periods. We did a population-based, observational study using data for non-traumatic OHCA (N=30\u2008768), systematically collected since May 15, 2011, in Paris and its suburbs, France, using the Paris Fire Brigade database, together with in-hospital data. We evaluated OHCA incidence and outcomes over a 6-week period during the pandemic in adult inhabitants of the study area. Comparing the 521 OHCAs of the pandemic period (March 16 to April 26, 2020) to the mean of the 3052 total of the same weeks in the non-pandemic period (weeks 12-17, 2012-19), the maximum weekly OHCA incidence increased from 13\u00b742 (95% CI 12\u00b777-14\u00b707) to 26\u00b764 (25\u00b772-27\u00b753) per million inhabitants (p<0\u00b70001), before returning to normal in the final weeks of the pandemic period. Although patient demographics did not change substantially during the pandemic compared with the non-pandemic period (mean age 69\u00b77 years [SD 17] vs 68\u00b75 [18], 334 males [64\u00b74%] vs 1826 [59\u00b79%]), there was a higher rate of OHCA at home (460 [90\u00b72%] vs 2336 [76\u00b78%]; p<0\u00b70001), less bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (239 [47\u00b78%] vs 1165 [63\u00b79%]; p<0\u00b70001) and shockable rhythm (46 [9\u00b72%] vs 472 [19\u00b71%]; p<0\u00b70001), and longer delays to intervention (median 10\u00b74 min [IQR 8\u00b74-13\u00b78] vs 9\u00b74 min [7\u00b79-12\u00b76]; p<0\u00b70001). The proportion of patients who had an OHCA and were admitted alive decreased from 22\u00b78% to 12\u00b78% (p<0\u00b70001) in the pandemic period. After adjustment for potential confounders, the pandemic period remained significantly associated with lower survival rate at hospital admission (odds ratio 0\u00b736, 95% CI 0\u00b724-0\u00b752; p<0\u00b70001). COVID-19 infection, confirmed or suspected, accounted for approximately a third of the increase in OHCA incidence during the pandemic. A transient two-times increase in OHCA incidence, coupled with a reduction in survival, was observed during the specified time period of the pandemic when compared with the equivalent time period in previous years with no pandemic. Although this result might be partly related to COVID-19 infections, indirect effects associated with lockdown and adjustment of health-care services to the pandemic are probable. Therefore, these factors should be taken into account when considering mortality data and public health strategies. The French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM)."}, {"pmid": 32525100, "title": "Role of computed tomography imaging in identifying COVID-19 cases.", "journal": "Hong Kong Med J", "authors": ["Wong, S Y S", "Kwok, K O"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525100", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525385, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: Lessons learnt.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Berger, Emily", "Reupert, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525385", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper evaluated the unique challenges of Australians in relation to the global novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The 2019-2020 bushfires and COVID-19 outbreak have increased rates of anxiety and distress in Australia. On the contrary, unprecedented spending by the Australian Government on health care, employment, and housing has potentially lowered anxiety and stress for some Australians. Research is required to monitor the potential long-term mental health consequences of COVID-19 in Australia. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32207680, "title": "COVID-19: the new challenge for rheumatologists.", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Ferro, Francesco", "Elefante, Elena", "Baldini, Chiara", "Bartoloni, Elena", "Puxeddu, Ilaria", "Talarico, Rosaria", "Mosca, Marta", "Bombardieri, Stefano"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207680", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442288, "pmcid": "PMC7244988", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 Test Results After Clinical Recovery and Hospital Discharge Among Patients in China.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Wu, Jinru", "Liu, Xinyi", "Liu, Jianjun", "Liao, Han", "Long, Sixuan", "Zhou, Ning", "Wu, Pa"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442288", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292527, "pmcid": "PMC7113380", "title": "On a Statistical Transmission Model in Analysis of the Early Phase of COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Stat Biosci", "authors": ["Zhu, Yifan", "Chen, Ying Qing"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292527", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, a disease caused by a novel strain of coronavirus (COVID-19) had infected many people and the cumulative confirmed cases have reached almost 180,000 as of 17, March 2020. The COVID-19 outbreak was believed to have emerged from a seafood market in Wuhan, a metropolis city of more than 11 million population in Hubei province, China. We introduced a statistical disease transmission model using case symptom onset data to estimate the transmissibility of the early-phase outbreak in China, and provided sensitivity analyses with various assumptions of disease natural history of the COVID-19. We fitted the transmission model to several publicly available sources of the outbreak data until 11, February 2020, and estimated lock down intervention efficacy of Wuhan city. The estimated \n                        \n                            R\n                            0\n                        \n                     was between 2.7 and 4.2 from plausible distribution assumptions of the incubation period and relative infectivity over the infectious period. 95% confidence interval of \n                        \n                            R\n                            0\n                        \n                     were also reported. Potential issues such as data quality concerns and comparison of different modelling approaches were discussed."}, {"pmid": 32386901, "pmcid": "PMC7190495", "title": "[How to approach management of surgical vitreoretinal disease during the SARS-CoV-2 Covid-19 pandemic?]", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Arndt, C", "Delyfer, M-N", "Kodjikian, L", "Leveziel, N", "Zech, C"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386901", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381489, "title": "Persistence of viral RNA in stool samples from patients recovering from covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Barth, Roos E", "De Regt, Marieke J A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381489", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292205, "pmcid": "PMC7151366", "title": "[Distributions of time, place, and population of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from January 20 to February 10, 2020, in China].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Jin, Lairun", "Zhao, Ying", "Zhou, Jun", "Tao, Mengjun", "Yang, Yang", "Wang, Xingyu", "Ye, Pinkai", "Shan, Shajia", "Yuan, Hui"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292205", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, increasing cases of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are being detected worldwide. The purpose of this paper is to provide a scientific reference for the global prevention and control of COVID-19. General demographic characteristics, epidemiological history, and clinical symptoms of COVID-19\u00a0were collected that had been reported on the websites of multiple Municipal Health Commissions\u00a0in China. We herein describe distributions in time, place, and population of COVID-19. As of midnight on February 10, 2020, the number of confirmed cases of COVID-19\u00a0in China was 42,638, and the province with the largest number of confirmed cases was Hubei (31728), followed by Guangdong (1177), Zhejiang (1117), and Henan (1105) province. The number of cases and the speed of confirmed cases in provinces other than Hubei were more moderate than those of the Hubei province. The median (interquartile range) age of patients with COVID-19\u00a0was 44 (33, 54) years, with a range of 10 months to 89 years. The COVID-19 epidemic should be considered a global threat and the steps for control include early diagnosis and treatment, as well as isolation."}, {"pmid": 32387713, "pmcid": "PMC7204668", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 or Lung Cancer: A Differential Diagnostic Experience and Management Model From Wuhan.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Zhu, Jian", "Zhang, Yu", "Gao, Xu-Hui", "Xi, Er-Ping"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387713", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501455, "pmcid": "PMC7252041", "title": "Down Syndrome and COVID-19: A Perfect Storm?", "journal": "Cell Rep Med", "authors": ["Espinosa, Joaquin M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501455", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "People with Down syndrome show signs of chronic immune dysregulation, including a higher prevalence of autoimmune disorders, increased rates of hospitalization during respiratory viral infections, and higher mortality rates from pneumonia and sepsis. At the molecular and cellular levels, they show markers of chronic autoinflammation, including interferon hyperactivity, elevated levels of many inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, and changes in diverse immune cell types reminiscent of inflammatory conditions observed in the general population. However, the impact of this immune dysregulation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and CoV disease of 2019 (COVID-19) remains unknown. This Perspective outlines why individuals with Down syndrome should be considered an at-risk population for severe COVID-19. Specifically, the immune dysregulation caused by trisomy 21 may result in an exacerbated cytokine release syndrome relative to that observed in the euploid population, thus justifying additional monitoring and specialized care for this vulnerable population."}, {"pmid": 32341722, "pmcid": "PMC7184013", "title": "[What do surgeons need to know about the digestive disorders and paraclinical abnormalities induced by COVID-19?]", "authors": ["Gornet, Jean-Marc", "My, Linh Tran Minh", "Leleu, Florian", "Hassid, Deborah"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341722", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The symptoms associated with COVID-19 are mainly characterized by a triad composed of fever, dry cough and dyspnea. However, digestive symptoms have also been reported; at first considered as infrequent, they in fact seem to affect (to some extent) more than half of patients. The symptoms are mainly manifested by anorexia, diarrhea, nausea and/or vomiting and abdominal pain. Even though prognosis is associated with lung injury, digestive symptoms seem significantly more frequent in patients presenting with severe COVID-19 infection. Digestive forms, which may be isolated or which can precede pulmonary symptoms, have indeed been reported, with diarrhea as a leading clinical sign. The main biological abnormalities that can suggest COVID-19 infection at an early stage are lymphopenia, elevated CRP and heightened ASAT transaminases. Thoraco-abdominal scan seems useful as a means of on the one hand ruling out digestive pathology not connected with coronavirus and on the other hand searching for pulmonary images compatible with COVID-19 infection. No data exist on the interest of digestive endoscopy in cases of persistent digestive symptoms. Moreover, the endoscopic surgeons may themselves be at significant risk of contamination. Fecal-oral transmission of the infection is possible, especially insofar as viral shedding in stools seems frequent and of longer duration than at the ENT level, including in patients with negative throat swab and without digestive symptoms. In some doubtful cases, virologic assessment of stool samples can yield definitive diagnosis. In the event of prolonged viral shedding in stools, a patient's persistent contagiousness is conceivable but not conclusively established. Upcoming serology should enable identification of the patients having been infected by the COVID-19 epidemic, particularly among previously undetected pauci-symptomatic members of a health care staff. Resumption of medico-surgical activity should be the object of a dedicated strategy preceding deconfinement."}, {"pmid": 32324421, "title": "Raids on Immigrant Communities During the Pandemic Threaten the Country's Public Health.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Lopez, Miriam Magana", "Holmes, Seth M"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324421", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508078, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women: are there long-term effects in offspring's brain development?", "journal": "Minerva Ginecol", "authors": ["Murina, Filippo", "Sannino, Dario"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508078", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459190, "title": "Low levels of total and ionized calcium in blood of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Cappellini, Fabrizio", "Brivio, Rinaldo", "Casati, Marco", "Cavallero, Annalisa", "Contro, Ernesto", "Brambilla, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459190", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507119, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with pre-existing anxiety disorders attending secondary care.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Plunkett, R", "Costello, S", "McGovern, M", "McDonald, C", "Hallahan, B"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507119", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine the psychological and social impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on patients with established anxiety disorders during a period of stringent mandated social restrictions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 individuals attending the Galway-Roscommon Mental Health Services with an ICD-10 diagnosis of an anxiety disorder to determine the impact of the Covid-19 restrictions on anxiety and mood symptoms, social and occupational functioning and quality of life. Twelve (40.0%) participants described COVID-19 restrictions as having a deleterious impact on their anxiety symptoms. Likert scale measurements noted that the greatest impact of COVID-19 related to social functioning (Mean = 4.5, SD = 2.9), with a modest deleterious effect on anxiety symptoms noted (Mean = 3.8, SD = 2.9). Clinician rated data noted that 8 (26.7%) participants had disimproved and 14 (46.7%) participants had improved since their previous clinical review, prior to commencement of COVID-19 restrictions. Conditions associated with no 'trigger', such as generalised anxiety disorder, demonstrated a non-significant increase in anxiety symptoms compared to conditions with a 'trigger', such as obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychiatric or physical comorbidity did not substantially impact on symptomatology secondary to Covid-19 mandated restrictions. The psychological and social impact of COVID-19 restrictions on individuals with pre-existing anxiety disorders has been modest with only minimal increases in symptomology or social impairment noted."}, {"pmid": 32220611, "pmcid": "PMC7102643", "title": "Commentary: COVID-19 in patients with diabetes.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Hill, Michael A", "Mantzoros, Christos", "Sowers, James R"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220611", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32100876, "pmcid": "PMC7228294", "title": "Evaluation of coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Xia, Jianhua", "Tong, Jianping", "Liu, Mengyun", "Shen, Ye", "Guo, Dongyu"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100876", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to assess the presence of novel coronavirus in tears and conjunctival secretions of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. A prospective interventional case series study was performed, and 30 confirmed novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) patients were selected at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University from 26 January 2020 to 9 February 2020. At an interval of 2 to 3 days, tear and conjunctival secretions were collected twice with disposable sampling swabs for reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. Twenty-one common-type and nine severe-type NCP patients were enrolled. Two samples of tear and conjunctival secretions were obtained from the only one patient with conjunctivitis yielded positive RT-PCR results. Fifty-eight samples from other patents were all negative. We speculate that SARS-CoV-2 may be detected in the tears and conjunctival secretions in NCP patients with conjunctivitis."}, {"pmid": 32329921, "pmcid": "PMC7264534", "title": "Spinal muscular atrophy care in the COVID-19 pandemic era.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Veerapandiyan, Aravindhan", "Connolly, Anne M", "Finkel, Richard S", "Arya, Kapil", "Mathews, Katherine D", "Smith, Edward C", "Castro, Diana", "Butterfield, Russell J", "Parsons, Julie A", "Servais, Laurent", "Kuntz, Nancy", "Rao, Vamshi K", "Brandsema, John F", "Mercuri, Eugenio", "Ciafaloni, Emma"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329921", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in reorganization of healthcare settings affecting the delivery of clinical care to patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). There is a concern that patients with SMA may be at increased risk of manifesting severe symptoms of COVID-19. Currently approved therapies for SMA improve survival and motor function; however, their delivery requires an increased exposure to the health system and a dedicated healthcare team. In this study, we discuss consensus recommendations pertaining to care of SMA patients during the pandemic. We highlight that SMA treatments should not be perceived as elective. Decisions regarding the delay of treatments should be made with consideration of the potential risks of COVID-19 exposure and the risk of that delay. We emphasize the importance of collaborative treatment decisions between the patient, family, and healthcare provider, considering any geographic- or institution-specific policies and precautions for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32241193, "title": "COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities for dermatology response.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Chawla, Sumir"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241193", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325392, "pmcid": "PMC7161508", "title": "Two cases report of epidemic stress disorder to novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Wang, Congjie", "Zhou, Juan", "Zong, Chengjuan"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325392", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32053580, "pmcid": "PMC7017960", "title": "Erratum: Vol. 69, No. 5.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32053580", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192583, "pmcid": "PMC7118671", "title": "COVID-19: delay, mitigate, and communicate.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["The Lancet Respiratory Medicine"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192583", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325124, "pmcid": "PMC7169894", "title": "Vaporization, bioactive formulations and a marine natural product: different perspectives on antivirals.", "journal": "Drug Discov Today", "authors": ["Manning, Thomas J", "Thomas-Richardson, Jenu", "Cowan, Matthew", "Beard, Torien"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325124", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article examines three aspects of antivirals, such as hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and remdesvir, as they might relate to the treatment of a viral infection such as COVID-19: (i) the use of vaporization for the delivery of antivirals, with the bulk constituents having mild antiviral efficacy; (ii) the application of a marine natural product extract as opposed to a single molecule as an antiviral agent; and (iii) a counter intuitive approach to formulation that is, in part, based on delivering multiple species that fall into three categories: building blocks for the virus to accelerate replication; an energy source for the infected cell to boost its immune response; and the species that antagonize or provide toxicity to the virus."}, {"pmid": 32505678, "title": "Adapting vascular surgery practice to the current COVID-19 era at a tertiary academic center in Madrid.", "journal": "Ann Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Valdivia, Andres Reyes", "Sanus, Enrique Aracil", "Santos, Africa Duque", "Olmos, Cristina Gomez", "Alguacil, Sergio Gordillo", "El Amrani, Mehdi", "Guaita, Julia Ocana", "Zuniga, Claudio Gandarias"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505678", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic potential of Coronavirus infection is now a reality. Since the first case detected in late 2019 in China a fast-world-wide expansion confirms it. The vascular patient is at a higher risk of developing a severe form of the disease due to its nature associating several comorbid states and thus, some Vascular Surgery communities from many countries have tried to stratify patients into those requiring care during these uncertain times. Observational study describing the current daily vascular surgery practice at one tertiary academic hospital in Madrid region, Spain; one of the most affected regions worldwide due to the COVID-19 outbreak. We analyzed our surgical practice since March 14th when the lockdown was declared up to date, May 14th (2 months). Procedural surgical practice, organizational issues, early outcomes and all the troubles encountered during this new situation are described. Our department is composed of 10 vascular surgeons and 4 trainees. Surgical practice has been reduced to only urgent care, totaling 50 repairs on 45 patients during the time period. Five surgeries were performed on 3 COVID-19 positive patients. Sixty percent were due to CLI, 45% of them performed by complete endovascular approach; whereas less than 10% of repairs were aorta related. We were allocated to use a total of 5 surgical rooms in different locations, none our usual, as it was converted into an ICU room while performing 50% of those repairs with unusual nursery staff. The COVID-19 outbreak has dramatically changed our organization and practice in favor of urgent or semi-urgent surgical care alone. The lack for in-hospital/ICU beds and changing nursery staff changed the whole availability organization at our hospital and was a key factor in surgical decision making in some cases."}, {"pmid": 32518437, "pmcid": "PMC7272331", "title": "The coronavirus pandemic - A critical discussion of a tourism research agenda.", "journal": "Tour Manag", "authors": ["Zenker, Sebastian", "Kock, Florian"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518437", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Unquestionable, the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic is one of the most impactful events of the 21st century and has tremendous effects on tourism. While many tourism researchers worldwide are currently 'Covid-19 research gap spotting', we call for more deliberateness and rigor. While we agree that the coronavirus pandemic is unique and relevant to research, we argue that not all effects are worth researching or novel to us. Previous research on crises and disasters do show similar patterns and existing theories can often very well explain the current phenomena. Thus, six illustrative examples are shown how a research agenda could look like. This includes parts where theoretical explanations from tourism are missing, as well as where we think existing knowledge might be subject to a tourism paradigm-shift due to the coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32526040, "title": "The broad spectrum of dermatological manifestations in COVID-19. Clinical and histopathological features learned from a series of 34 cases.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Rubio-Muniz, C A", "Puerta-Pena, M", "Falkenhain-Lopez, D", "Arroyo-Andres, J", "Agud-Dios, M", "Rodriguez-Peralto, J L", "Ortiz-Romero, P L", "Rivera-Diaz, R"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526040", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic began in Europe, a plethora of cutaneous manifestations have been related to this infection1,2 . However, their underlying mechanism and prognostic relevance remain unclear. Thus, we collected data from all COVID-19 cases presenting with skin manifestations in our hospital in Madrid during one month."}, {"pmid": 32443021, "pmcid": "PMC7273955", "title": "COVID-19-A Guide to Rapid Implementation of Telehealth Services: A Playbook for the Pediatric Gastroenterologist.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Berg, Elizabeth A", "Picoraro, Joseph A", "Miller, Steven D", "Srinath, Arvind", "Franciosi, James P", "Hayes, Christopher E", "Farrell, Peter R", "Cole, Conrad R", "LeLeiko, Neal S"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443021", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239736, "pmcid": "PMC7228208", "title": "Response to: Sore throat in COVID-19: comment on \"Clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A single arm meta-analysis\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Sun, Pengfei", "Ren, Jizhen", "Li, Kun", "Qie, Shuyan", "Liu, Zongjian", "Xi, Jianing"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239736", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426374, "pmcid": "PMC7203508", "title": "Cardiovascular Impairment in COVID-19: Learning From Current Options for Cardiovascular Anti-Inflammatory Therapy.", "journal": "Front Cardiovasc Med", "authors": ["Wang, Lun", "Zhang, Yang", "Zhang, Shuyang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426374", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2, occurred in China and has currently led to a global pandemic. In addition to respiratory involvement, COVID-19 was also associated with significant multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Cardiovascular impairment has been observed and is now drawing growing attention. Cardiovascular protective strategies are urgent and of great significance to the overall prognosis of COVID-19 patients. Direct viral infection, cytokine storm, and aggravation of existing cardiovascular diseases were recognized as possible mechanisms of cardiovascular impairment in COVID-19. Hyperactivated inflammation plays an important role in all three mechanisms and is considered to be fundamental in the development of cardiovascular impairment and MODS in COVID-19. Therefore, in addition to conventional cardiovascular treatment, anti-inflammatory therapy is a reasonable strategy for severe cases to further enhance cardiovascular protection and potentially mitigate MODS. We reviewed the inflammatory features and current promising treatments of COVID-19 as well as cardiovascular anti-inflammatory therapies that have been verified in previous clinical trials with positive outcomes. We believe that targeting the central pathway (IL-1\u03b2, TNF-\u03b1, IL-6), balancing the Th1 and Th2 response, and administering long-term anti-inflammatory therapy might be promising prospects to reduce cardiovascular impairment and even MODS during the acute and recovery phases of COVID-19. The cardiovascular anti-inflammatory therapies might be of great application value to the management of COVID-19 patients and we further propose an algorithm for the selection of anti-inflammatory therapy for COVID-19 patients with or at high risk of cardiovascular impairment. We recommend to take the experiences in cardiovascular anti-inflammatory therapy as references in the management of COVID-19 and conduct related clinical trials, while the clinical translation of novel treatments from preclinical studies or in vitro drug screening should proceed with caution due to unguaranteed efficacy and safety profiles."}, {"pmid": 32237972, "pmcid": "PMC7232632", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 and Future Emerging Viruses on Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation and Other Cellular Therapies.", "journal": "Stem Cells Dev", "authors": ["Broxmeyer, Hal E", "Parker, Graham C"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237972", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255761, "title": "High Contagiousness and Rapid Spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Sanche, Steven", "Lin, Yen Ting", "Xu, Chonggang", "Romero-Severson, Ethan", "Hengartner, Nick", "Ke, Ruian"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255761", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is the causative agent of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease pandemic. Initial estimates of the early dynamics of the outbreak in Wuhan, China, suggested a doubling time of the number of infected persons of 6-7 days and a basic reproductive number (R0) of 2.2-2.7. We collected extensive individual case reports across China and estimated key epidemiologic parameters, including the incubation period. We then designed 2 mathematical modeling approaches to infer the outbreak dynamics in Wuhan by using high-resolution domestic travel and infection data. Results show that the doubling time early in the epidemic in Wuhan was 2.3-3.3 days. Assuming a serial interval of 6-9 days, we calculated a median R0 value of 5.7 (95% CI 3.8-8.9). We further show that active surveillance, contact tracing, quarantine, and early strong social distancing efforts are needed to stop transmission of the virus."}, {"pmid": 32257431, "pmcid": "PMC7113610", "title": "COVID-19 infection: Origin, transmission, and characteristics of human coronaviruses.", "journal": "J Adv Res", "authors": ["Shereen, Muhammad Adnan", "Khan, Suliman", "Kazmi, Abeer", "Bashir, Nadia", "Siddique, Rabeea"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257431", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a highly transmittable and pathogenic viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in Wuhan, China and spread around the world. Genomic analysis revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is phylogenetically related to severe acute respiratory syndrome-like (SARS-like) bat viruses, therefore bats could be the possible primary reservoir. The intermediate source of origin and transfer to humans is not known, however, the rapid human to human transfer has been confirmed widely. There is no clinically approved antiviral drug or vaccine available to be used against COVID-19. However, few broad-spectrum antiviral drugs have been evaluated against COVID-19 in clinical trials, resulted in clinical recovery. In the current review, we summarize and comparatively analyze the emergence and pathogenicity of COVID-19 infection and previous human coronaviruses severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). We also discuss the approaches for developing effective vaccines and therapeutic combinations to cope with this viral outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32349992, "title": "Covid-19: challenges for people with intellectual disability.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Courtenay, Ken"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349992", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425287, "pmcid": "PMC7231493", "title": "Multidrug resistant infections in the COVID-19 era, a framework for considering the potential impact.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Dona, Daniele", "Di Chiara, Costanza", "Sharland, Mike"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425287", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302816, "pmcid": "PMC7151383", "title": "Psychological symptoms of ordinary Chinese citizens based on SCL-90 during the level I emergency response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Tian, Fangyuan", "Li, Hongxia", "Tian, Shuicheng", "Yang, Jie", "Shao, Jiang", "Tian, Chenning"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302816", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared that the Corona Virus (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the psychological symptoms of ordinary Chinese citizens during the Level I Emergency Response throughout China. From January 31 to February 2 2020, an online questionnaire, Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) was designed, and differences in GSI T-scores among subgroups were examined by ANOVA. Based on a cut-off point of the GSI T-scores of 63, the overall sample was divided into high and low-risk groups. of the 1,060 participants investigated in China, more than 70% of them have moderate and higher level of psychological symptoms specifically elevated scores for obsessive compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, phobic anxiety, and psychoticism. There were no significant differences between males and females. Those who were of over 50 years old, had an undergraduate education and below, were divorced or widowed, and agricultural workers had significantly more symptoms. However, significantly more minors and medical staff were in the high-risk group. These results show that COVID-19 has a significant adverse socio-psychological influence on ordinary citizens. Therefore, governments should equip psychological health departments and pay attention to the people who are in high-risk groups, providing psychological interventions and assistance."}, {"pmid": 32513202, "title": "From COVID-19 research to vaccine application: why might it take 17 months not 17 years and what are the wider lessons?", "journal": "Health Res Policy Syst", "authors": ["Hanney, Stephen R", "Wooding, Steven", "Sussex, Jon", "Grant, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513202", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is often said that it takes 17\u2009years to move medical research from bench to bedside. In a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) world, such time-lags feel intolerable. In these extraordinary circumstances could years be made into months? If so, could those lessons be used to accelerate medical research when the crisis eases?To measure time-lags in health and biomedical research as well as to identify ways of reducing them, we developed and published (in 2015) a matrix consisting of overlapping tracks (or stages/phases) in the translation from discovery research to developed products, policies and practice. The matrix aids analysis by highlighting the time and actions required to develop research (and its translation) both (1) along each track and (2) from one track to another, e.g. from the discovery track to the research-in-humans track. We noted four main approaches to reducing time-lags, namely increasing resources, working in parallel, starting or working at risk, and improving processes.Examining these approaches alongside the matrix helps interpret the enormous global effort to develop a vaccine for the 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. Rapid progress in the discovery/basic and human research tracks is being made through a combination of large-scale funding, work being conducted in parallel (between different teams globally and through working in overlapping tracks), working at greater (but proportionate) risk to safety than usual, and adopting various new processes. The overlapping work of some of the teams involves continuing animal research whilst entering vaccine candidates into Phase I trials alongside planning their Phase II trials. The additional funding available helps to reduce some of the usual financial risks in moving so quickly. Going forward through the increasingly large human trials for safety, dosage and efficacy, it will be vital to overlap work in parallel in the often challenging public policy and clinical tracks. Thus, regulatory and reimbursement bodies are beginning and preparing rapid action to pull vaccines proving to be safe and effective through to extraordinarily rapid application to the general population. Monitoring the development of a COVID-19 vaccine using the matrix (modified as necessary) could help identify which of the approaches speeding development and deployment could be usefully applied more widely in the future."}, {"pmid": 32305883, "pmcid": "PMC7195278", "title": "Coagulation disorders in coronavirus infected patients: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV and lessons from the past.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Giannis, Dimitrios", "Ziogas, Ioannis A", "Gianni, Panagiota"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305883", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus strain disease, has recently emerged in China and rapidly spread worldwide. This novel strain is highly transmittable and severe disease has been reported in up to 16% of hospitalized cases. More than 600,000 cases have been confirmed and the number of deaths is constantly increasing. COVID-19 hospitalized patients, especially those suffering from severe respiratory or systemic manifestations, fall under the spectrum of the acutely ill medical population, which is at increased venous thromboembolism risk. Thrombotic complications seem to emerge as an important issue in patients infected with COVID-19. Preliminary reports on COVID-19 patients' clinical and laboratory findings include thrombocytopenia, elevated D-dimer, prolonged prothrombin time, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. As the pandemic is spreading and the whole picture is yet unknown, we highlight the importance of coagulation disorders in COVID-19 infected patients and review relevant data of previous coronavirus epidemics caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV)."}, {"pmid": 32330565, "pmcid": "PMC7194523", "title": "Donning a New Approach to the Practice of Gastroenterology: Perspectives From the COVID-19 Pandemic Epicenter.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Sethi, Amrita", "Swaminath, Arun", "Latorre, Melissa", "Behin, Daniel S", "Jodorkovsky, Daniela", "Calo, Delia", "Aroniadis, Olga", "Mone, Anjali", "Mendelsohn, Robin B", "Sharaiha, Reem Z", "Gonda, Tamas A", "Khanna, Lauren G", "Bucobo, Juan Carlos", "Nagula, Satish", "Ho, Sammy", "Carr-Locke, David L", "Robbins, David H"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330565", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic seemingly is peaking now in New York City and has triggered significant changes to the standard management of gastrointestinal diseases. Priorities such as minimizing viral transmission, preserving personal protective equipment, and freeing hospital beds have driven unconventional approaches to managing gastroenterology (GI) patients. Conversion of endoscopy units to COVID units and redeployment of GI fellows and faculty has profoundly changed the profile of most GI services. Meanwhile, consult and procedural volumes have been reduced drastically. In this review, we share our collective experiences regarding how we have changed our practice of medicine in response to the COVID surge. Although we review our management of specific consults and conditions, the overarching theme focuses primarily on noninvasive measures and maximizing medical therapies. Endoscopic procedures have been reserved for those timely interventions that are most likely to be therapeutic. The role of multidisciplinary discussion, although always important, now has become critical. The support of our faculty and trainees remains essential. Local leadership can encourage well-being by frequent team check-ins and by fostering trainee development through remote learning. Advancing a clear vision and a transparent process for how to organize and triage care in the recovery phase will allow for a smooth transition to our new normal."}, {"pmid": 32469418, "title": "Evaluation of potential therapeutic options for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Austin, Daren", "Okour, Malek"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469418", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321407, "title": "Hispidin and Lepidine E: two Natural Compounds and Folic acid as Potential Inhibitors of 2019-novel coronavirus Main Protease (2019-nCoVMpro), molecular docking and SAR study.", "journal": "Curr Comput Aided Drug Des", "authors": ["Serseg, Talia", "Benarous, Khedidja", "Yousfi, Mohamed"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321407", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "2019-nCoVis a novel coronavirus was isolated and identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China. On 17 February and according to the world health organization, a number of 71 429 confirmed cases worldwide, among them 2162 new cases recorded in the last 24 hours. One month later the confirmed cases jumped to 179111, with 11525new cases in the last 24 hours, with 7426total deaths. There is no drug or vaccine for humanand animal coronavirus.The inhibition of 3CL hydrolase enzyme provides a promising therapeutic principle for developing treatments against CoViD-19.The 3CLpro (Mpro) known for involving in counteracting the host innate immune response.Thiswork presents the inhibitory effect of some natural compounds against 3CL hydrolase enzyme, and explain the main interactions in inhibitor-enzyme complex. Molecular docking study carried out using Autodock Vina. By screening several molecules, we identified three candidate agents that inhibit the main protease of coronavirus. Hispidin, lepidine E,and folic acid bound tightly in the enzyme, strong hydrogen bonds have been formed (1.69-1.80\u00c5) with the active site residues.This study provides a possible therapeutic strategy for CoViD-19."}, {"pmid": 32432682, "title": "Olfactory Dysfunction in COVID-19: Diagnosis and Management.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Whitcroft, Katherine Lisa", "Hummel, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432682", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417398, "pmcid": "PMC7224663", "title": "High throughput and comprehensive approach to develop multiepitope vaccine against minacious COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Pharm Sci", "authors": ["Ojha, Rupal", "Gupta, Nidhi", "Naik, Biswajit", "Singh, Satyendra", "Verma, Vijay Kumar", "Prusty, Dhaneswar", "Prajapati, Vijay Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417398", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing enigmatic COVID-19 outbreak, first reported from Wuhan, China, on last day of the year 2019, which has spread to 213 countries, territories/areas till 28th April 2020, threatens hundreds of thousands human souls. This devastating viral infection has stimulated the urgent development of viable vaccine against COVID-19 across the research institutes around the globe. The World Health Organization (WHO) has also confirmed that the recent pandemic is causing Public Health Emergency of International apprehension. Moreover, the earlier two pathogenic SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV and many others yet to be identified pose a universal menace. Here, in this piece of work, we have utilized an in silico structural biology and advanced immunoinformatic strategies to devise a multi-epitope subunit vaccine against ongoing COVID-19 infection. The engineered vaccine sequence is adjuvanted with \u00df-3 defensin and comprised of B-cell epitopes, HTL epitopes and CTL epitopes. This is very likely that the vaccine will be able to elicit the strong immune response. Further, specific binding of the engineered vaccine and immune cell receptor TLR3 was estimated by molecular interaction studies. Strong interaction in the binding groove as well as good docking scores affirmed the stringency of engineered vaccine. The interaction is stable with minimal deviation in root-mean square deviation and root-mean-square fluctuation was confirmed by the molecular dynamics simulation experiment. The immune-simulation by C-ImmSim server, which mimics the natural immune environment, yielded more potent immune response data of B-cells, Th cells, Tc cells and IgG for vaccine. The encouraging data obtained from the various in-silico works indicated this vaccine as an effective therapeutic against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32047315, "title": "Coronavirus: hospitals must learn from past pandemics.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Bhadelia, Nahid"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32047315", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277870, "pmcid": "PMC7195157", "title": "Tuberculosis and HIV responses threatened by COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet HIV", "authors": ["Adepoju, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277870", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32166511, "pmcid": "PMC7080005", "title": "18F-FDG PET/CT and COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32166511", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453426, "title": "Physical Therapy in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Forging a Paradigm Shift for Rehabilitation in Acute Care.", "journal": "Phys Ther", "authors": ["Keeney, Tamra"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453426", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416124, "pmcid": "PMC7234948", "title": "Cardiac troponins predict mortality in patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis of adjusted risk estimates.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Vrsalovic, Mislav", "Vrsalovic Presecki, Ana"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416124", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433295, "pmcid": "PMC7268862", "title": "COVID-19 and Elective Surgery: 7 Practical Tips for a Safe, Successful and Sustainable Reboot.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Liang, Zhen Chang", "Chong, Mark Seng Ye", "Liu, Gabriel Ka Po", "Valle, Alejandro Gonzalez Della", "Wang, Dahui", "Lyu, Xuemin", "Chang, Chih-Hung", "Cho, Tae-Joon", "Haas, Steven B", "Fisher, Dale", "Murphy, Diarmuid", "Hui, James Hoi Po"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433295", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32023683, "title": "[Prevention and control program on 2019 novel coronavirus infection in Children's digestive endoscopy center].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32023683", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398705, "pmcid": "PMC7216132", "title": "COVID-19: more evidence emerges.", "journal": "Nat Rev Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Sidaway, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398705", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526802, "title": "Universal Testing-Based Response to COVID-19 Outbreak by a Long-Term Care and Post-Acute Care Facility.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Bakaev, Innokentiy", "Retalic, Tammy", "Chen, Helen"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526802", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353270, "pmcid": "PMC7185931", "title": "Public health messaging and harm reduction in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Karamouzian, Mohammad", "Johnson, Cheyenne", "Kerr, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353270", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451913, "pmcid": "PMC7246964", "title": "Obesity and COVID-19: ACE 2, the Missing Tile.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Iannelli, Antonio", "Favre, Guillaume", "Frey, Sebastien", "Esnault, Vincent", "Gugenheim, Jean", "Bouam, Samir", "Schiavo, Luigi", "Tran, Albert", "Alifano, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451913", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389787, "pmcid": "PMC7204684", "title": "Reactivation of COVID-19 pneumonia: A report of two cases.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Ravioli, Svenja", "Ochsner, Hannah", "Lindner, Gregor"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389787", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447742, "pmcid": "PMC7245177", "title": "Clinical Insights into the Gastrointestinal Manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "Dig Dis Sci", "authors": ["Kopel, Jonathan", "Perisetti, Abhilash", "Gajendran, Mahesh", "Boregowda, Umesha", "Goyal, Hemant"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447742", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The month of December 2019 became a critical part of the time of humanity when the first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in the Wuhan, Hubei Province in China. As of April 13th, 2020, there have been approximately 1.9 million cases and 199,000 deaths across the world, which were associated with COVID-19. The COVID-19 is the seventh coronavirus to be identified to infect humans. In the past, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome were the two coronaviruses that infected humans with a high fatality, particularly among the elderly. Fatalities due to COVID-19 are higher in patients older than 50\u00a0years of age or those with multimorbid conditions. The COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through respiratory droplets, with the most common symptoms being high fever, cough, myalgia, atypical symptoms included sputum production, headache, hemoptysis and diarrhea. However, the incubation period can range from 2 to 14\u00a0days without any symptoms. It is particularly true with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in which patients can still shed the virus even after pulmonary symptoms have resolved. Given the high percentage of COVID-19 patients that present with GI symptoms (e.g., nausea and diarrhea), screening patients for GI symptoms remain essential. Recently, cases of fecal-oral transmission of COVID-19 have been confirmed in the USA and China, indicating that the virus can replicate in both the respiratory and digestive tract. Moreover, the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic procedures, treatments and prevention of the gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 remain to be elucidated."}, {"pmid": 32442294, "title": "Therapy with agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gnavi, Roberto", "Demaria, Moreno", "Picariello, Roberta", "Dalmasso, Marco", "Ricceri, Fulvio", "Costa, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442294", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Exposure to agents acting on the renin-angiotensin system was not associated to a risk increase of COVID-19 infection in two Italian matched case-control studies, one nested in hypertensive patients and the other in patients with cardiovascular diseases or diabetes."}, {"pmid": 32498079, "title": "When a delayed cardiology consultation leads to a massive left ventricle pseudoaneurysm: collateral effects of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Rimac, Goran", "Marzouk, Mohammed", "Dumont, Eric", "Paradis, Jean-Michel"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498079", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296594, "pmcid": "PMC7156212", "title": "A systematic approach is needed to contain COVID-19 globally.", "journal": "Sci Bull (Beijing)", "authors": ["Zhao, Wenwu", "Zhang, Junze", "Meadows, Michael E", "Liu, Yanxu", "Hua, Ting", "Fu, Bojie"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296594", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324977, "title": "Maintaining Emotional Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Resource for Your Patients.", "journal": "Chronic Obstr Pulm Dis", "authors": ["Latham, Sara", "Sullivan, Jamie", "Williams, Stephanie", "Eakin, Michelle N"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324977", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32218915, "pmcid": "PMC7097833", "title": "National Institute for the Infectious Diseases \"L. Spallanzani\", IRCCS. Recommendations for COVID-19 clinical management.", "journal": "Infect Dis Rep", "authors": ["Nicastri, Emanuele", "Petrosillo, Nicola", "Bartoli, Tommaso Ascoli", "Lepore, Luciana", "Mondi, Annalisa", "Palmieri, Fabrizio", "D'Offizi, Gianpiero", "Marchioni, Luisa", "Murachelli, Silvia", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Antinori, Andrea"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218915", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 9 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the identification, by Chinese Health authorities, of a novel coronavirus, further classified as SARS-CoV-2 responsible of a disease (COVID-19) ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe respiratory involvement. On March 9 2020, WHO declared COVID-19 a global pandemic. Italy is the second most affected country by COVID-19 infection after China. The \"L. Spallanzani\" National Institute for the Infectious Diseases, IRCCS, Rome, Italy, has been the first Italian hospital to admit and manage patients affected by COVID-19. Hereby, we show our recommendations for the management of COVID-19 patients, based on very limited clinical evidences; they should be considered as expert opinions, which may be modified according to newly produced literature data."}, {"pmid": 32156682, "title": "Covid-19: What's the current advice for UK doctors?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156682", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268181, "pmcid": "PMC7131477", "title": "The role of close contacts tracking management in COVID-19 prevention: A cluster investigation in Jiaxing, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Ge, Rui", "Tian, Min", "Gu, Qijun", "Chen, Peigen", "Shen, Yuegen", "Qi, Yunpeng", "Yan, Yong", "Chen, Zhongwen"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268181", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32171193, "title": "Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1 and IL-6) and lung inflammation by Coronavirus-19 (COVI-19 or SARS-CoV-2): anti-inflammatory strategies.", "journal": "J Biol Regul Homeost Agents", "authors": ["Conti, P", "Ronconi, G", "Caraffa, A", "Gallenga, C", "Ross, R", "Frydas, I", "Kritas, S"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171193", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus-19 (COVI-19) involves humans as well as animals and may cause serious damage to the respiratory tract, including the lung: coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This pathogenic virus has been identified in swabs performed on the throat and nose of patients who suffer from or are suspected of the disease. When COVI-19 infect the upper and lower respiratory tract it can cause mild or highly acute respiratory syndrome with consequent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-6. \n\nThe binding of COVI-19 to the Toll Like Receptor (TLR) causes the release of pro-IL-1\u03b2 which is cleaved by caspase-1, followed by inflammasome activation and production of active mature IL-1\u03b2 which is a mediator of lung inflammation, fever and fibrosis. Suppression of pro-inflammatory IL-1 family members and IL-6 have been shown to have a therapeutic effect in many inflammatory diseases, including viral infections. \n\nCytokine IL-37 has the ability to suppress innate and acquired immune response and also has the capacity to inhibit inflammation by acting on IL-18R\u03b1 receptor. IL-37 performs its immunosuppressive activity by acting on mTOR and increasing the adenosine monophosphate (AMP) kinase. This cytokine inhibits class II histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and inflammation in inflammatory diseases by suppressing MyD88 and subsequently IL-1\u03b2, IL-6, TNF and CCL2. The suppression of IL-1\u03b2 by IL-37 in inflammatory state induced by coronavirus-19 can have a new therapeutic effect previously unknown. Another inhibitory cytokine is IL-38, the newest cytokine of the IL-1 family members, produced by several immune cells including B cells and macrophages. \n\nIL-38 is also a suppressor cytokine which inhibits IL-1\u03b2 and other pro-inflammatory IL-family members. IL-38 is a potential therapeutic cytokine which inhibits inflammation in viral infections including that caused by coronavirus-19, providing a new relevant strategy."}, {"pmid": 32453865, "title": "Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis associated with novel 2019 coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Dominguez-Santas, M", "Diaz-Guimaraens, B", "Garcia Abellas, P", "Moreno-Garcia Del Real, C", "Burgos-Blasco feminine, P", "Suarez-Valle, A"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453865", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has rapidly become a global health issue. Although it is known to produce diverse cutaneous manifestations, some of them have yet to be described. This letter reports new dermatologic findings associated with a confirmed COVID-19 case."}, {"pmid": 32509035, "pmcid": "PMC7254820", "title": "The True Challenges of the Covid-19 Epidemics: The Need for Essential Levels of Care for All.", "journal": "Open Respir Med J", "authors": ["Carta, Mauro Giovanni", "Romano, Ferdinando", "Orru, Germano"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509035", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427172, "pmcid": "PMC7233207", "title": "COVID-19 Antibody Testing in Pregnancy.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Zullo, Fabrizio", "Di Mascio, Daniele", "Saccone, Gabriele"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427172", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468413, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: is our medicine still evidence-based?", "journal": "Ir J Med Sci", "authors": ["Deana, Cristian"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468413", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is no randomized controlled trial that demonstrated the efficacy of antiviral therapy against COVID-19 yet. However, physicians are prescribing different drugs to a large part of COVID-19 population in the hope they will cure them. This does not reflect the evidence-based medicine approach. What we need is more evidence-based knowledge about what routine care practices we should to apply to ameliorate symptoms of patients and fight COVID-19 pathology."}, {"pmid": 32512083, "title": "Shining a Light on the Pathogenicity of Health Care Providers' Mobile Phones: Use of a Novel Ultraviolet-C Wave Disinfection Device.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Malhotra, Sanchi", "Wlodarczyk, Jordan", "Kuo, Christopher", "Ngo, Catherine", "Glucoft, Marisa", "Sumulong, Ivan", "Smit, Michael A", "Bender, Jeffrey M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512083", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mobile phones are known to carry pathogenic bacteria and viruses on their surfaces, posing a risk to healthcare providers (HCPs) and hospital infection prevention efforts. We utilize an Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) device to provide an effective method for mobile phone disinfection and survey HCPs about infection risk. Environmental swabs were used to culture HCPs' personal mobile phone surfaces. Four cultures were obtained per phone: before and after the UV-C device's 30-second disinfecting cycle, at the beginning and end of a 12-hour shift. Surveys were administered to participants pre- and post-study. Total bacterial colony forming units (CFUs) were reduced by 90.5% (p=0.006) after one UV-C disinfection cycle, and by 99.9% (p=0.004) after two cycles. Total pathogenic bacterial CFUs were decreased by 98.2% (p=0.038) after one and >99.99% (p=0.037) after two disinfection cycles. All survey respondents were willing to use the UV-C device daily to weekly, finding it convenient and beneficial. This novel UV-C disinfecting device is effective in reducing pathogenic bacteria on mobile phones. HCPs would frequently use a phone disinfecting device to reduce infection risk. In light of the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, a standardized approach to phone disinfection may be valuable in preventing healthcare-associated infections."}, {"pmid": 32519764, "title": "Could melatonin be used in COVID-19 patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux disease?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Kow, Chia Siang", "Hasan, Syed Shahzad"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519764", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The study by Jiang et al. [1] to determine the impact of laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) on the clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is first of its kind study in the literature. While available studies have mostly focused on the effect of cardiovascular comorbidities, the authors' work raises the concurrent gastrointestinal related issues in patients with COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32242876, "pmcid": "PMC7224626", "title": "Development of in vitro transcribed RNA as positive control for laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in India.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Choudhary, Manohar Lal", "Vipat, Veena", "Jadhav, Sheetal", "Basu, Atanu", "Cherian, Sarah", "Abraham, Priya", "Potdar, Varsha A"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242876", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32152592, "title": "Coronavirus: the first three months as it happened.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32152592", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32046815, "pmcid": "PMC7029448", "title": "Laboratory readiness and response for novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in expert laboratories in 30 EU/EEA countries, January 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Reusken, Chantal B E M", "Broberg, Eeva K", "Haagmans, Bart", "Meijer, Adam", "Corman, Victor M", "Papa, Anna", "Charrel, Remi", "Drosten, Christian", "Koopmans, Marion", "Leitmeyer, Katrin", "On Behalf Of Evd-LabNet And Erli-Net"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32046815", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Timely detection of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection cases is crucial to interrupt the spread of this virus. We assessed the required expertise and capacity for molecular detection of 2019-nCoV in specialised laboratories in 30 European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries. Thirty-eight laboratories in 24 EU/EEA countries had diagnostic tests available by 29 January 2020. A coverage of all EU/EEA countries was expected by mid-February. Availability of primers/probes, positive controls and personnel were main implementation barriers."}, {"pmid": 32330209, "pmcid": "PMC7107203", "title": "A precision medicine approach to managing 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Precis Clin Med", "authors": ["Wang, Minjin", "Zhou, Yanbing", "Zong, Zhiyong", "Liang, Zongan", "Cao, Yu", "Tang, Hong", "Song, Bin", "Huang, Zixing", "Kang, Yan", "Feng, Ping", "Ying, Binwu", "Li, Weimin"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330209", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, several patients with pneumonia of an unknown cause were detected in Wuhan, China. On 7 January 2020, the causal organism was identified as a new coronavirus, later named as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Genome sequencing found the genetic sequence of 2019-nCoV homologous to that of severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus. As of 29 January 2020, the virus had been diagnosed in more than 7000 patients in China and 77 patients in other countries. It is reported that both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with 2019-nCoV can play a role in disease transmission via airborne and contact. This finding has caused a great concern about the prevention of illness spread. The clinical features of the infection are not specific and are often indistinguishable from those of other respiratory infections, making it difficult to diagnose. Given that the virus has a strong ability to spread between individuals, it is of top priority to identify potential or suspected patients as soon as possible-or the virus may cause a serious pandemic. Therefore, a precision medicine approach to managing this disease is urgently needed for detecting and controlling the spread of the virus. In this article, we present such an approach to managing 2019-nCoV-related pneumonia based on the unique traits of the virus recently revealed and on our experience with coronaviruses at West China Hospital in Chengdu, China."}, {"pmid": 32410225, "pmcid": "PMC7272859", "title": "Covid-19: Ethical Challenges for Nurses.", "journal": "Hastings Cent Rep", "authors": ["Morley, Georgina", "Grady, Christine", "McCarthy, Joan", "Ulrich, Connie M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410225", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted many of the difficult ethical issues that health care professionals confront in caring for patients and families. The decisions such workers face on the front lines are fraught with uncertainty for all stakeholders. Our focus is on the implications for nurses, who are the largest global health care workforce but whose perspectives are not always fully considered. This essay discusses three overarching ethical issues that create a myriad of concerns and will likely affect nurses globally in unique ways: the safety of nurses, patients, colleagues, and families; the allocation of scarce resources; and the changing nature of nurses' relationships with patients and families. We urge policy-makers to ensure that nurses' voices and perspectives are integrated into both local and global decision-making so as to minimize the structural injustices many nurses have faced to date. Finally, we urge nurses to seek sources of support throughout this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32342570, "pmcid": "PMC7267427", "title": "Overview of COVID-19 testing and implications for otolaryngologists.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Vinh, Daniel B", "Zhao, Xiao", "Kiong, Kimberley L", "Guo, Theresa", "Jozaghi, Yelda", "Yao, Chris", "Kelley, James M", "Hanna, Ehab"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342570", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Testing for SARS-CoV-2 is important for decision making prior to surgery in otolaryngology. An understanding of current and developing testing methods is important for interpreting test results. We performed a literature review of current evidence surrounding SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing highlighting its utility, limitations, and implications for otolaryngologists. The currently accepted RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 has varying sensitivity according to which subsite of the aerodigestive tract is sampled. Nasal swab sensitivities appear to be about 70%. Chest CT imaging for screening purposes is not currently recommended. Due to the current sensitivity of RT-PCR based testing for SARS-CoV-2, a negative test cannot rule out COVID-19. Full PPE should be worn during high-risk procedures such as aerosol generating procedures even if testing is negative. Patients who test positive during screening should have their surgeries postponed if possible until asymptomatic and have tested negative for SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32386431, "pmcid": "PMC7272929", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic infection in a patient under treatment with dupilumab.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Caroppo, F", "Biolo, G", "Belloni Fortina, A"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386431", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528617, "pmcid": "PMC7266469", "title": "Maintaining quality newborn care in Ghana amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Pan Afr Med J", "authors": ["Abdul-Mumin, Alhassan", "Agbozo, Faith", "Abubakari, Abdulai", "Jahn, Albrecht"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528617", "countries": ["Ghana"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491116, "title": "A brief-review of the risk factors for covid-19 severity.", "journal": "Rev Saude Publica", "authors": ["Rod, J E", "Oviedo-Trespalacios, Oscar", "Cortes-Ramirez, Javier"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491116", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization has emphasized that one of the most important questions to address regarding the covid-19 pandemic is to understand risk factors for disease severity. We conducted a brief review that synthesizes the available evidence and provides a judgment on the consistency of the association between risk factors and a composite end-point of severe-fatal covid-19. Additionally, we also conducted a comparability analysis of risk factors across 17 studies. We found evidence supporting a total of 60 predictors for disease severity, of which seven were deemed of high consistency, 40 of medium and 13 of low. Among the factors with high consistency of association, we found age, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, albumin, body temperature, SOFA score and diabetes. The results suggest that diabetes might be the most consistent comorbidity predicting disease severity and that future research should carefully consider the comparability of reporting cases, factors, and outcomes along the different stages of the natural history of covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32483515, "pmcid": "PMC7255081", "title": "What Do We Need to Know to Improve Diagnostic Testing Methods for the 2019 Novel Coronavirus?", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Mustafa, Zahid", "Ghaffari, Masoumeh"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483515", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is widespread agreement that reliable, fast, and easy-to-produce diagnostic testing methods that have high sensitivity and specificity are essential for guiding appropriate responses to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak. At the present time, there are important unanswered questions about testing methods for SARS-CoV-2. This review article interprets recent findings related to the principal testing methods used to diagnose SARS-CoV-2, including reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), chest imaging, and immunoassay. We discuss the value and limitations of these approaches and\u00a0suggest directions for future research that can advance the understanding of diagnostic methods. Addressing areas of uncertainty will improve clinical outcomes\u00a0and allow more effective policies to be implemented to control the disease."}, {"pmid": 32450473, "pmcid": "PMC7237926", "title": "Elevated cardiac biomarkers are associated with increased mortality for inpatients with COVID-19: A retrospective case-control study.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Su, Minghua", "Wang, Yichao", "Peng, Jieru", "Wu, Meng-Jun", "Deng, Wuquan", "Yang, You-Sheng"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450473", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202064, "pmcid": "PMC7228301", "title": "COVID-19: A global transplant perspective on successfully navigating a pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Kumar, Deepali", "Manuel, Oriol", "Natori, Yoichiro", "Egawa, Hiroto", "Grossi, Paolo", "Han, Sang-Hoon", "Fernandez-Ruiz, Mario", "Humar, Atul"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202064", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly evolved and changed our way of life in an unprecedented manner. The emergence of COVID-19 has impacted transplantation worldwide. The impact has not been just restricted to issues pertaining to donors or recipients, but also health-care resource utilization as the intensity of cases in certain jurisdictions exceeds available capacity. Here we provide a personal viewpoint representing different jurisdictions from around the world in order to outline the impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic on organ transplantation. Based on our collective experience, we discuss mitigation strategies such as donor screening, resource planning, and a staged approach to transplant volume considerations as local resource issues demand. We also discuss issues related to transplant-related research during the pandemic, the role of transplant infectious diseases, and the influence of transplant societies for education and disseminating current information."}, {"pmid": 32229257, "pmcid": "PMC7270846", "title": "Risk-adapted Treatment Strategy For COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zheng, Changcheng", "Wang, Jinquan", "Guo, Hui", "Lu, Zhaohui", "Ma, Yan", "Zhu, Yuyou", "Xia, Daqing", "Wang, Yinzhong", "He, Hongliang", "Zhou, Jian", "Wang, Yong", "Fei, Mingming", "Yin, Yihong", "Zheng, Mao", "Xu, Yehong"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229257", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are no clear expert consensus or guidelines on how to treat 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The objective of this study is to investigate the short-term effect of risk-adapted treatment strategy on patients with COVID-19. We collected the medical records of 55 COVID-19 patients for analysis. We divided these patients into mild, moderate and severe groups, and risk-adapted treatment approaches were given according to the illness severity. Twelve patients were in mild group and 22 were in moderate group (non-severe group, n=34), and 21 patients were in severe group. At the end of the first two weeks after admission, clinical manifestations had completely despeared in 31(91.2%)patients in non-severe group, and 18(85.7%) patients in severe group (p=0.85). Both groups had a satisfied chest CT imaging recovery, which includes 22(64.7%) patients in non-severe group and 12(57.1%) patients in severe group recovered at least 50% of the whole leisions in the first week, and 28(82.4%) and 16(76.2%) recovered at least 75% in the second week, respectively. There were no significant differences in SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid negativity (p=0.92). There were also no significant differences in the levels of SARS-CoV-2-IgM and IgG antibody production between the two groups (p=0.13, 0.62). There were 45 cases were discharged from the hospital, and no patients died at the time of this clinical analysis. Risk-adapted treatment strategy was associated with significant clinical manifestations alleviation and clinical imaging recovery. In severe COVID-19 patients, early and short-term use of low-dose methylprednisolone was beneficial and did not delay SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid clearance and influence IgG antibody production."}, {"pmid": 32208977, "title": "Can chlorine dioxide prevent the spreading of coronavirus or other viral infections? Medical hypotheses.", "journal": "Physiol Int", "authors": ["Kaly-Kullai, K", "Wittmann, M", "Noszticzius, Z", "Rosivall, Laszlo"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208977", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viruses have caused many epidemics throughout human history. The novel coronavirus [10] is just the latest example. A new viral outbreak can be unpredictable, and development of specific defense tools and countermeasures against the new virus remains time-consuming even in today's era of modern medical science and technology. In the lack of effective and specific medication or vaccination, it would be desirable to have a nonspecific protocol or substance to render the virus inactive, a substance/protocol, which could be applied whenever a new viral outbreak occurs. This is especially important in cases when the emerging new virus is as infectious as SARS-CoV-2 [4]. In this editorial, we propose to consider the possibility of developing and implementing antiviral protocols by applying high purity aqueous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) solutions. The aim of this proposal is to initiate research that could lead to the introduction of practical and effective antiviral protocols. To this end, we first discuss some important properties of the ClO2 molecule, which make it an advantageous antiviral agent, then some earlier results of ClO2 gas application against viruses will be reviewed. Finally, we hypothesize on methods to control the spread of viral infections using aqueous ClO2 solutions."}, {"pmid": 32515392, "title": "Novel coronavirus disease pandemic and ophthalmologist's perspectives.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Adhi, Mohammad Idrees"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515392", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ophthalmologists are among those healers facing a higher risk of acquiring novel coronavirus disease 2019, called COVID-19, during their professional duties since they have close physical contact with their patients. Some patients with COVID-19 may present with or may develop conjunctivitis during the course of the illness. The ocular secretions and tears have been identified to have positive results to COVID-19 tests and as such could be a source of spread. This review aims at providing the useful guidelines to ophthalmic professionals for their own safety, and safety of their patients based on the available current literature, and also based on personal experience and observations. Literature search was made on PubMed for COVID-19 in relation to ophthalmology in the limited period of the last quarter of 2019 and first quarter of 2020. Research also included access to current guidelines published by various ophthalmic societies. Accordingly, present and future ophthalmic practice patterns need to be modified."}, {"pmid": 32106567, "pmcid": "PMC7150947", "title": "Preliminary Identification of Potential Vaccine Targets for the COVID-19 Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Based on SARS-CoV Immunological Studies.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Ahmed, Syed Faraz", "Quadeer, Ahmed A", "McKay, Matthew R"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32106567", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The beginning of 2020 has seen the emergence of COVID-19 outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is an imminent need to better understand this new virus and to develop ways to control its spread. In this study, we sought to gain insights for vaccine design against SARS-CoV-2 by considering the high genetic similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, which caused the outbreak in 2003, and leveraging existing immunological studies of SARS-CoV. By screening the experimentally-determined SARS-CoV-derived B cell and T cell epitopes in the immunogenic structural proteins of SARS-CoV, we identified a set of B cell and T cell epitopes derived from the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins that map identically to SARS-CoV-2 proteins. As no mutation has been observed in these identified epitopes among the 120 available SARS-CoV-2 sequences (as of 21 February 2020), immune targeting of these epitopes may potentially offer protection against this novel virus. For the T cell epitopes, we performed a population coverage analysis of the associated MHC alleles and proposed a set of epitopes that is estimated to provide broad coverage globally, as well as in China. Our findings provide a screened set of epitopes that can help guide experimental efforts towards the development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32314804, "pmcid": "PMC7264625", "title": "Epidemiological trends of COVID-19 epidemic in Italy over March 2020: From 1000 to 100 000 cases.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["La Maestra, Sebastiano", "Abbondandolo, Angelo", "De Flora, Silvio"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314804", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic started in Italy by the end of January 2020 and, after 1 month, it affected 1049 persons. Based on the Italian Ministry of Health data, we reconstructed the daily course of virus-positive cases and deaths over March 2020 for the whole of Italy, 19 regions and 2 provinces. From 29 February to 31 March, there was a 100.9-fold increase in the cumulative number of cases and a 428.6-fold increase in the number of deaths in Italy. When plotted on a semilogarithmic scale, the curves tended to diverge from linearity with 23%, 16%, and 7% average daily increases during the three decades of March. Similarly, the number of deaths decreased from an average daily growth of 19% over\u00a0the second decade to 10% over\u00a0the third decade. The correlation coefficients relating the days to cases or deaths over\u00a0each one of the three decades approached\u00a0unity. As inferred from the equations of the regression lines relative to the three decades, the doubling times of cases were 3.4, 5.1, and 9.6 days, respectively. The doubling times of deaths over\u00a0the second and third decades were 4.9 and 7.0 days, respectively. There was a broad geographic variability, with a striking gradient from the North, where 40.8% of cases and 57.9% of deaths occurred in Lombardy, to the South. On the whole, over\u00a0March there was a trend to epidemic growth decline\u00a0but the time for the end of the epidemic will depend on a variety of factors and, at present, it is unpredictable."}, {"pmid": 32531626, "pmcid": "PMC7260512", "title": "Domestic Abuse during COVID-19: What about the boys?", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Warburton, Emma", "Raniolo, Georgia"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531626", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361100, "pmcid": "PMC7182751", "title": "Amantadine as a drug to mitigate the effects of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Aranda Abreu, Gonzalo Emiliano", "Hernandez Aguilar, Maria Elena", "Herrera Covarrubias, Deissy", "Rojas Duran, Fausto"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361100", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread around the world. At this time, there is no vaccine that can help people prevent the spread of coronavirus. We are proposing amantadine as a drug that can be used to mitigate the effects of the virus. It is demonstrated by docking models how amantadine can exert its action on Coronavirus viroporin E."}, {"pmid": 32520507, "title": "18F-FDG PET/CT in Hodgkin Lymphoma With Unsuspected COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Boulvard Chollet, Xavier L E", "Romero Robles, Leonardo G", "Garrastachu, Puy", "Cabrera Villegas, Antonio", "Albornoz Almada, M Clara", "Colletti, Patrick M", "Rubello, Domenico", "Ramirez Lasanta, Rafael", "Delgado Bolton, Roberto C"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520507", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present an asymptomatic 70-year-old man referred for an F-FDG PET/CT for initial staging of a Hodgkin lymphoma. F-FDG PET/CT showed bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy (stage II). Incidentally, the CT demonstrated bilateral ground-glass opacities with low-grade F-FDG activity. CT findings were suspicious for COVID-19 pneumonitis. The COVID-19 reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) examination result was negative. Given the high clinical suspicion for COVID-19, the patient was isolated and repeat RT-PCR was positive at 72 hours. RT-PCR may be falsely negative in early COVID-19 disease, even with positive CT findings."}, {"pmid": 32478538, "title": "COVID-19 emergency in the hospital: How the clinical psychology unit is responding.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Cao di San Marco, Eugenia", "Menichetti, Julia", "Vegni, Elena"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478538", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present commentary describes the main care services implemented by the clinical psychology unit of an Italian hospital to cope with the COVID-19 emergency outbreak. The unit's main goal has been to support and protect health care professionals, relatives of hospitalized patients, and patients themselves from further psychological distress. Details and insights are shared. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32184132, "pmcid": "PMC7118651", "title": "Spatial transmission of COVID-19 via public and private transportation in China.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zheng, Ruizhi", "Xu, Yu", "Wang, Weiqing", "Ning, Guang", "Bi, Yufang"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184132", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378345, "pmcid": "PMC7203569", "title": "The time is now: expedited HIV differentiated service delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Int AIDS Soc", "authors": ["Wilkinson, Lynne", "Grimsrud, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378345", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455094, "pmcid": "PMC7233195", "title": "Initial evidence on the relationship between the coronavirus pandemic and crime in the United States.", "journal": "Crime Sci", "authors": ["Ashby, Matthew P J"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455094", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic led to substantial changes in the daily activities of millions of Americans, with many businesses and schools closed, public events cancelled and states introducing stay-at-home orders. This article used police-recorded open crime data to understand how the frequency of common types of crime changed in 16 large cities across the United States in the early months of 2020. Seasonal auto-regressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) models of crime in previous years were used to forecast the expected frequency of crime in 2020 in the absence of the pandemic. The forecasts from these models were then compared to the actual frequency of crime during the early months of the pandemic. There were no significant changes in the frequency of serious assaults in public or (contrary to the concerns of policy makers) any change to the frequency of serious assaults in residences. In some cities, there were reductions in residential burglary but little change in non-residential burglary. Thefts of motor vehicles decreased in some cities while there were diverging patterns of thefts from motor vehicles. These results are used to make suggestions for future research into the relationships between the coronavirus pandemic and different crimes."}, {"pmid": 32272002, "title": "Abortion during the Covid-19 Pandemic - Ensuring Access to an Essential Health Service.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Bayefsky, Michelle J", "Bartz, Deborah", "Watson, Katie L"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272002", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343514, "pmcid": "PMC7173088", "title": "Staffing with disease-based epidemiologic indices may reduce shortage of intensive care unit staff during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Mascha, Edward J", "Schober, Patrick", "Schefold, Joerg C", "Stueber, Frank", "Luedi, Markus M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343514", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare worker (HCW) safety is of pivotal importance during a pandemic such as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and employee health and well-being ensures functionality of healthcare institutions. This is particularly true for an intensive care unit (ICU) where highly specialized staff cannot be readily replaced. In the light of lacking evidence for optimal staffing models in a pandemic, we hypothesized that staff shortage can be reduced when staff scheduling takes the epidemiology of a disease epidemic into account. Various staffing models were constructed and comprehensive statistical modeling performed. A typical, routine staffing model was defined that assumed full-time employment (40 hours/week) in a 40 bed ICU with a 2:1 ratio of patients to staff. The pandemic model assumed staff worked 12-hour shifts for 7 days every other week. Potential in-hospital staff infections were constructed for a total period of 120 days with a probability of 10%, 25%, and 40% being infected per week when at work. Simulations included the probability of infection at work for a given week, of fatality once infected, and the quarantine time, if infected. Pandemic-adjusted staffing significantly reduced workforce shortage and the effect progressively increased as the probability of infection increased. Maximum effects were observed at week 4 for each infection probability with a 17%, 32%, and 38% staffing reduction for an infection probability of 0.10, 0.25, and 0.40, respectively. Staffing along epidemiologic considerations may reduce HCW shortage by leveling the nadir from affected workforce. Although this requires considerable efforts and commitment of staff, it may be essential in an effort to best maintain staff health and operational functionality of healthcare facilities and systems."}, {"pmid": 32342020, "pmcid": "PMC7182742", "title": "Departments of Radiation Oncology Must Prepare for COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Park, Jaehyeon", "Yea, Ji Woon", "Park, Jae Won"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342020", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320083, "pmcid": "PMC7264583", "title": "Decontamination of face masks with steam for mask reuse in fighting the pandemic COVID-19: experimental supports.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Ma, Qing-Xia", "Shan, Hu", "Zhang, Chuan-Mei", "Zhang, Hong-Liang", "Li, Gui-Mei", "Yang, Rui-Mei", "Chen, Ji-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320083", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has claimed many lives worldwide. Wearing medical masks or N95 masks (namely N95 respirators) can slow the virus spread and reduce the infection risk. Reuse of these masks can minimize waste, protect the environment, and help to solve the current imminent shortage of masks. Disinfection of used masks is needed for reuse of them with safety, but improper decontamination can damage the blocking structure of masks. In this study, we demonstrated, using avian coronavirus of infectious bronchitis virus to mimic SARS-CoV-2, that medical masks and N95 masks remained their blocking efficacy after being steamed on boiling water even for 2 hours. We also demonstrated that three brands of medical masks blocked over 99% viruses in aerosols. The avian coronavirus was completely inactivated after being steamed for 5 minutes. Together, this study suggested that medical masks are adequate for use on most social occasions, and both medical masks and N95 masks can be reused for a few days with steam decontamination between use. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32363030, "pmcid": "PMC7194050", "title": "Change in surgical practice amidst COVID 19; example from a tertiary care centre in Pakistan.", "journal": "Ann Med Surg (Lond)", "authors": ["Rana, Roshan-E-Shahid", "Ather, Muhammad Hammad"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363030", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302058, "pmcid": "PMC7235496", "title": "Laboratory testing of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV): Current status, challenges, and countermeasures.", "journal": "Rev Med Virol", "authors": ["Yan, Ying", "Chang, Le", "Wang, Lunan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302058", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are global public concerns. With the outbreak of unknown pneumonia in Wuhan, China in December 2019, a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 has been attracting tremendous attention. Rapid and accurate laboratory testing of SARS-CoV-2 is essential for early discovery, early reporting, early quarantine, early treatment, and cutting off epidemic transmission. The genome structure, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 are basically similar to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, the other two beta-CoVs of medical importance. During the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV epidemics, a variety of molecular and serological diagnostic assays were established and should be referred to for SARS-CoV-2. In this review, by summarizing the articles and guidelines about specimen collection, nucleic acid tests (NAT) and serological tests for SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, several suggestions are put forward to improve the laboratory testing of SARS-CoV-2. In summary, for NAT: collecting stool and blood samples at later periods of illness to improve the positive rate if lower respiratory tract specimens are unavailable; increasing template volume to raise the sensitivity of detection; putting samples in reagents containing guanidine salt to inactivate virus as well as protect RNA; setting proper positive, negative and inhibition controls to ensure high-quality results; simultaneously amplifying human RNase P gene to avoid false-negative results. For antibody test, diverse assays targeting different antigens, and collecting paired samples are needed."}, {"pmid": 32389663, "pmcid": "PMC7205651", "title": "Inflammatory bowel disease and the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: more speed, less haste.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Gower-Rousseau, C", "Fumery, M", "Pariente, B"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389663", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419767, "pmcid": "PMC7224648", "title": "Surgical treatment of diabetic foot ulcers during the COVID-19 pandemic in China.", "journal": "J Diabetes Complications", "authors": ["Tao, Fenghua", "Tang, Xiaoyan", "Tao, Hai", "Luo, Yue", "Cao, Hui", "Xiang, Wei", "Zhao, Yingchun", "Jin, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419767", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diabetic foot ulcers are among the most serious complications of diabetes. If left untreated, these ulcers can lead to severe infection and gangrene; in some instances, they may result in death. Thus, timely treatment of diabetic foot ulcers is extremely important. However, timely patient treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic is particularly challenging, because of the higher volume of patients and the need to ensure safety of medical personnel. This article describes a proposed strategy for diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot ulcers, based on experiences with infection and control strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in China."}, {"pmid": 32517540, "title": "Targeted therapies for cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: a threat or a blessing?", "journal": "Pharmacogenomics", "authors": ["Moujaess, Elissar", "Kourie, Hampig Raphael", "Kattan, Joseph"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517540", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330317, "pmcid": "PMC7267181", "title": "Learning at home during COVID-19: A multi-institutional virtual learning collaboration.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Zuo, Leila", "Dillman, Dawn", "Miller Juve, Amy"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330317", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463478, "title": "Treating the SARS-CoV-2-positive patient with cancer: A proposal for a pragmatic and transparent ethical process.", "journal": "Cancer", "authors": ["Perni, Subha", "Milligan, Michael G", "Saraf, Anurag", "Vivenzio, Todd", "Marques, Amy", "Baker, Meghan A", "Kosak, Tara", "Bartlett, Sarah", "Physic, Michelle A", "Batchelder, Monica R", "McBride, Sean", "Bredfeldt, Jeremy", "Cail, Daniel W", "Kearney, Meghan C", "Whitehouse, Colleen", "Orio, Peter", "Walsh, Gerard", "Haas-Kogan, Daphne A", "Martin, Neil E"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463478", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The treatment of patients with cancer who test positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses unique challenges. In this commentary, the authors describe the ethical rationale and implementation details for the creation of a novel, multidisciplinary treatment prioritization committee, including physicians, frontline staff, an ethicist, and an infectious disease expert. Organizational obligations to health care workers also are discussed. The treatment prioritization committee sets a threshold of acceptable harm to patients from decreased cancer control that is justified to reduce risk to staff. The creation of an ethical, consistent, and transparent decision-making process involving such frontline stakeholders is essential as departments across the country are faced with decisions regarding the treatment of SARS-CoV-2-positive patients with cancer."}, {"pmid": 32282371, "pmcid": "PMC7176258", "title": "One Academic Health System's Early (and Ongoing) Experience Responding to COVID-19: Recommendations From the Initial Epicenter of the Pandemic in the United States.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Kim, Christopher S", "Lynch, John B", "Cohen, Seth", "Neme, Santiago", "Staiger, Thomas O", "Evans, Laura", "Pergam, Steven A", "Liu, Catherine", "Bryson-Cahn, Chloe", "Dellit, Timothy H"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282371", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 19, 2020, the first case of a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States was reported in Washington State. On February 29, 2020, a patient infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) passed away in a hospital in Seattle-King County, the first reported COVID-19-related death in the United States. That same day, a skilled nursing and rehabilitation facility in the county reported that several of its residents tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 and that many staff had symptoms compatible with COVID-19.The University of Washington Medicine health system (UW Medicine), which is based in Seattle-King County and provides quaternary care for the region, was one of several health care organizations called upon to address this growing crisis. What ensued was a series of swiftly enacted decisions and activities at UW Medicine, in partnership with local, state, and national public health agencies, to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. Tapping into the multipronged mission areas of academic medicine, UW Medicine worked to support the community, innovate in science and clinical practice, lead policy and practice guideline development, and adopt changes as the crisis unfolded. In doing so, health system leaders had to balance their commitments to students, residents and fellows, researchers, faculty, staff, and hospital and health center entities, while ensuring that patients continued to receive cutting edge, high-quality, safe care. In this Invited Commentary, the authors highlight the work and challenges UW Medicine has faced in responding to the global COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32506743, "title": "No current evidence supporting risk of using Ibuprofen in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo", "do Nascimento-Junior, Edmundo Marques", "Santana Santos, Victor"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506743", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel RNA virus that infects cells expressing the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptor and is associated with an acute respiratory disease named COVID-19. It has been hypothesized that ACE2 expression can be increased by Ibuprofen leading to a higher risk for severe COVID-19 (1). Despite the reasonable mechanistic background and results from studies suggesting that Ibuprofen may be associated with complications of community-acquired pneumonia in children (2,3), there is no current evidence that this NSAID aggravates a SARS-CoV-2 infection in any age group."}, {"pmid": 32362391, "pmcid": "PMC7270729", "title": "Dilemma of organ donation in transplantation and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Woolley, Ann E", "Mehra, Mandeep R"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362391", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455534, "title": "Potential Inhibitors for Novel Coronavirus Protease Identified by Virtual Screening of 606 Million Compounds.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Fischer, Andre", "Sellner, Manuel", "Neranjan, Santhosh", "Smiesko, Martin", "Lill, Markus A"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455534", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in China followed by its spread around the world poses a serious global concern for public health. To this date, no specific drugs or vaccines are available to treat SARS-CoV-2 despite its close relation to the SARS-CoV virus that caused a similar epidemic in 2003. Thus, there remains an urgent need for the identification and development of specific antiviral therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. To conquer viral infections, the inhibition of proteases essential for proteolytic processing of viral polyproteins is a conventional therapeutic strategy. In order to find novel inhibitors, we computationally screened a compound library of over 606 million compounds for binding at the recently solved crystal structure of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2. A screening of such a vast chemical space for SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors has not been reported before. After shape screening, two docking protocols were applied followed by the determination of molecular descriptors relevant for pharmacokinetics to narrow down the number of initial hits. Next, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to validate the stability of docked binding modes and comprehensively quantify ligand binding energies. After evaluation of potential off-target binding, we report a list of 12 purchasable compounds, with binding affinity to the target protease that is predicted to be more favorable than that of the cocrystallized peptidomimetic compound. In order to quickly advise ongoing therapeutic intervention for patients, we evaluated approved antiviral drugs and other protease inhibitors to provide a list of nine compounds for drug repurposing. Furthermore, we identified the natural compounds (-)-taxifolin and rhamnetin as potential inhibitors of Mpro. Rhamnetin is already commercially available in pharmacies."}, {"pmid": 32529918, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic Exposes Limited Understanding of Ageism.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Reynolds, Laurinda"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529918", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, justification for orders to shelter in place have emphasized the vulnerability of older people. Although other at-risk groups were sometimes mentioned, the emphasis on older people could have effects on attitudes about aging and older people for decades to come. This essay provides a comprehensive biopsychosocial description of ageism and discusses the pandemic as a \"focusing event\" that exemplifies the extreme social consequence of ageism for the entire older population. It suggests revisions to the Elder Justice Act and utilization of programs such as the Reframing Aging, Age-Friendly University, and Ageism First Aid initiatives to reduce ageism in the wake of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32504754, "title": "Is melatonin deficiency a unifying pathomechanism of high risk patients with COVID-19?", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Simko, Fedor", "Reiter, Russel J"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504754", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387823, "pmcid": "PMC7194069", "title": "COVID-19 challenges to Pakistan: Is GIS analysis useful to draw solutions?", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Sarwar, Suleman", "Waheed, Rida", "Sarwar, Sahar", "Khan, Aisha"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387823", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is a public health emergency that had caused disastrous results in more than 100 countries. The ability to detect disease outbreaks in the early stages is a key component of efficient disease control and prevention. With the increased availability of electronic health-care data and spatial analysis techniques, there is great potential to develop algorithms to enable more effective disease surveillance. The research focuses to develop a transparent user-friendly method to simulate the outbreak data. The paper describes the GIS tools to identify and define the field of investigation which requires consideration of the strengths and limitations of data collection instruments, facility of locational data collection, accuracy of locational data, and pertinent attributes for understanding disease risk. Using such information, it is quite easy for authorities to locate the highly effected area and take appropriate actions in that particular areas. However, GIS techniques, resources, and methods can be used in Pakistan for more effective investigation of vulnerable geographical locations."}, {"pmid": 32533432, "title": "COVID-19 and Asian American Pacific Islanders.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Hu, Jiun-Ruey", "Wang, Margaret", "Lu, Francis"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405072, "pmcid": "PMC7217792", "title": "SARS-CoV-2-induces acute and refractory relapse of systemic capillary leak syndrome (Clarkson's disease).", "journal": "Am J Med", "authors": ["de Chambrun, Marc Pineton", "Cohen-Aubart, Fleur", "Donker, Dirk W", "Cariou, Pierre-Louis", "Luyt, Charles-Edouard", "Combes, Alain", "Amoura, Zahir"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405072", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435500, "pmcid": "PMC7225402", "title": "A step towards gender equity to strengthen the pharmaceutical workforce during COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pharm Policy Pract", "authors": ["Bukhari, Nadia", "Manzoor, Mehr", "Rasheed, Huma", "Nayyer, Bismah", "Malik, Madeeha", "Babar, Zaheer-Ud-Din"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435500", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is plenty of evidence to support that women leaders are needed in the health and pharmaceutical sectors, although most of the leadership positions in global health are predominantly occupied by men. This is a major challenge to global health policy. Gender diversity and inclusion within the pharmaceutical workforce is integral to optimal patient care. Women continue to be underrepresented in senior and leadership positions within pharmacy, despite outnumbering the men in the global pharmacy workforce. This commentary highlights the need towards gender equity and discusses the several key initiatives that are building momentum and making substantial progress towards this agenda in the pharmaceutical workforce."}, {"pmid": 32368728, "pmcid": "PMC7196382", "title": "Eosinopenia and elevated C-reactive protein facilitate triage of COVID-19 patients in fever clinic: a retrospective case-control study.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Li, Qilin", "Ding, Xiuli", "Xia, Geqing", "Chen, Heng-Gui", "Chen, Fenghua", "Geng, Zhi", "Xu, Luming", "Lei, Shijun", "Pan, An", "Wang, Lin", "Wang, Zheng"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368728", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently a pandemic affecting over 200 countries. Many cities have established designated fever clinics to triage suspected COVID-19 patients from other patients with similar symptoms. However, given the limited availability of the nucleic acid test as well as long waiting time for both the test and radiographic examination, the quarantine or therapeutic decisions for a large number of mixed patients were often not made in time. We aimed to identify simple and quickly available laboratory biomarkers to facilitate effective triage at the fever clinics for sorting suspected COVID-19 patients from those with COVID-19-like symptoms. We collected clinical, etiological, and laboratory data of 989 patients who visited the Fever Clinic at Wuhan Union Hospital, Wuhan, China, from Jan 31 to Feb 21. Based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) nucleic acid testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection, they were divided into two groups: SARS-CoV-2-positive patients as cases and SARS-CoV-2-negative patients as controls. We compared the clinical features and laboratory findings of the two groups, and analyzed the diagnostic performance of several laboratory parameters in predicting SARS-CoV-2 infection and made relevant comparisons to the China diagnosis guideline of having a normal or decreased number of leukocytes (\u22649\u20225 109/L) or lymphopenia (<1\u20221 109/L). Normal or decreased number of leukocytes (\u22649\u20225 109/L), lymphopenia (<1\u20221 109/L), eosinopenia (<0\u202202 109/L), and elevated hs-CRP (\u22654 mg/L) were presented in 95\u20220%, 52\u20222%, 74\u20227% and 86\u20227% of COVID-19 patients, much higher than 87\u20222%, 28\u20228%, 31\u20223% and 45\u20222% of the controls, respectively. The eosinopenia produced a sensitivity of 74\u20227% and specificity of 68\u20227% for separating the two groups with the area under the curve (AUC) of 0\u2022717. The combination of eosinopenia and elevated hs-CRP yielded a sensitivity of 67\u20229% and specificity of 78\u20222% (AUC=0\u2022730). The addition of eosinopenia alone or the combination of eosinopenia and elevated hs-CRP into the guideline-recommended diagnostic parameters for COVID-19 improved the predictive capacity with higher than zero of both net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). The combination of eosinopenia and elevated hs-CRP can effectively triage suspected COVID-19 patients from other patients attending the fever clinic with COVID-19-like initial symptoms. This finding would be particularly useful for designing triage strategies in an epidemic region having a large number of patients with COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases while limited medical resources for nucleic acid tests and radiographic examination. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Projects of Hubei Province (MSTIP)."}, {"pmid": 32203366, "title": "The coronavirus pandemic in five powerful charts.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen", "Cyranoski, David", "Mallapaty, Smriti", "Stoye, Emma", "Tollefson, Jeff"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203366", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404774, "pmcid": "PMC7255396", "title": "Considerations for Assessing Risk of Provider Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 after a Negative Test.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Long, Dustin R", "Sunshine, Jacob E", "Van Cleve, Wil"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404774", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311820, "pmcid": "PMC7264569", "title": "Strategies for patient with cancer during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Zhao, Zhenzhen", "Yang, Chao", "Li, Changchun"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311820", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316113, "pmcid": "PMC7235736", "title": "Combining Point-of-Care Diagnostics and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Yang, Ting", "Gentile, Mattia", "Shen, Ching-Fen", "Cheng, Chao-Min"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316113", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current standard testing method for screening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is through reverse real-time PCR assay (rRT-PCR), a common molecular-based assay that requires an average of four to six hours to provide results [...]."}, {"pmid": 32437830, "pmcid": "PMC7211738", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection of the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Wang, Yijin", "Liu, Shuhong", "Liu, Hongyang", "Li, Wei", "Lin, Fang", "Jiang, Lina", "Li, Xi", "Xu, Pengfei", "Zhang, Lixin", "Zhao, Lihua", "Cao, Yun", "Kang, Jiarui", "Yang, Jianfa", "Li, Ling", "Liu, Xiaoyan", "Li, Yan", "Nie, Ruifang", "Mu, Jinsong", "Lu, Fengmin", "Zhao, Shousong", "Lu, Jiangyang", "Zhao, Jingmin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437830", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Liver enzyme abnormality is common in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Whether or not SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to liver damage per se remains unknown. Here we reported the clinical characteristics and liver pathological manifestations of COVID-19 patients with liver enzyme abnormality. We received 156 patients diagnosed of COVID-19 from two designated centers in China, and compared clinical features between patients with elevated aminotransferase or not. Postmortem liver biopsies were obtained from two cases who had elevated aminotransferase. We investigated the patterns of liver impairment by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL assay, and pathological studies. 64 of 156 (41.0%) COVID-19 patients had elevated aminotransferase. The median levels of ALT were 50 U/L vs. 19 U/L, respectively, AST were 45.5 U/L vs. 24 U/L, respectively in abnormal and normal aminotransferase groups. The liver enzyme abnormality was associated with disease severity, as well as a series of laboratory tests including higher A-aDO2, higher GGT, lower albumin, decreased CD4+ T cells and B lymphocytes. Ultrastructural examination identified typical coronavirus particles characterized by spike structure in cytoplasm of hepatocytes in two COVID-19 cases. SARS-CoV-2 infected hepatocytes displayed conspicuous mitochondrial swelling, endoplasmic reticulum dilatation, and glycogen granule decrease. Histologically, massive hepatic apoptosis and a certain binuclear hepatocytes were observed. Taken together, both ultrastructural and histological evidence indicated a typical lesion of viral infection. Immunohistochemical results showed scanty CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. No obvious eosinophil infiltration, cholestasis, fibrin deposition, granuloma, massive central necrosis, or interface hepatitis were observed. SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver is a crucial cause of hepatic impairment in COVID-19 patients. Hence, a surveillance of viral clearance in liver and long outcome of COVID-19 is required."}, {"pmid": 32456750, "title": "Hospital infection and COVID-19: Do not put all your eggs on the \"swab\" tests.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Chirico, Francesco", "Nucera, Gabriella", "Magnavita, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456750", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457134, "title": "Use of an antiviral filter attached to a pleural drain bottle to prevent aerosol contamination with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Akhtar, Mohammed R", "Ricketts, William", "Fotheringham, Tim"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457134", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pneumothoraces (1%) and pleural effusions (5%) are two of the less common complications of infection with COVID-19. Following a referral for a pleural drain insertion for a pneumothorax in a patient with COVID-19, we reassessed the infection risks involved in this procedure and its aftercare. Pleural drainage tubes attached to an underwater seal drain allow expulsion of aerosol and larger droplets via the vent from the bottle into the surrounding environment, potentially leading to infection of other patients and staff.Consequently, we chose to attach an antiviral filter to the venting port of an underwater seal drain bottle to mitigate this risk. A fluorescein dye experiment was used to demonstrate the reduction in aerosol emission output from the bottle with our described technique, allowing an antiviral filter to be attached to a pleural underwater seal drainage bottle for added protection of patients and staff in the local environment."}, {"pmid": 32303376, "pmcid": "PMC7144617", "title": "Extubation of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["D'Silva, David F", "McCulloch, Timothy J", "Lim, Jessica S", "Smith, Sanchia S", "Carayannis, Daniel"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303376", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32106852, "pmcid": "PMC7047369", "title": "Q&A: The novel coronavirus outbreak causing COVID-19.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Fisher, Dale", "Heymann, David"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32106852", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426560, "pmcid": "PMC7229720", "title": "Atypical COVID -19 presentation in patient undergoing staged TAAA repair.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech", "authors": ["Resch, Tim", "Vogt, Katja", "Md, Nikolaj Eldrup"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426560", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This report outlines a case of atypical presentation of Covid 19 viral infection. A 65-year old male was planned for a two staged repair of a Crawford type 3 thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. The first stage, TEVAR in descending aorta, was uneventful and patient was discharged on postoperative day 2. He was readmitted 10 days later, presenting with diarrhea, lower limb pain and weakness after 25 meters walking. The patient displayed no fever or upper respiratory tract signs or symptoms. Computer tomography and MR of the spinal cord were normal. Patient was tested positive for Covid 19 virus and later during hospitalization developed more typical fever and respiratory symptoms that were managed medically."}, {"pmid": 32208987, "pmcid": "PMC7225046", "title": "Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers and the COVID-19 Pandemic: At Present There Is No Evidence to Abandon Renin-Angiotensin System Blockers.", "journal": "Hypertension", "authors": ["Danser, A H Jan", "Epstein, Murray", "Batlle, Daniel"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208987", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2, some reports of data still emerging and in need of full analysis indicate that certain groups of patients are at risk of COVID-19. This includes patients with hypertension, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and clearly the elderly. Many of those patients are treated with renin-angiotensin system blockers. Because the ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) protein is the receptor that facilitates coronavirus entry into cells, the notion has been popularized that treatment with renin-angiotensin system blockers might increase the risk of developing a severe and fatal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection. The present article discusses this concept. ACE2 in its full-length form is a membrane-bound enzyme, whereas its shorter (soluble) form circulates in blood at very low levels. As a mono-carboxypeptidase, ACE2 contributes to the degradation of several substrates including angiotensins I and II. ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors do not inhibit ACE2 because ACE and ACE2 are different enzymes. Although angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers have been shown to upregulate ACE2 in experimental animals, the evidence is not always consistent and differs among the diverse angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers and differing organs. Moreover, there are no data to support the notion that ACE inhibitor or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker administration facilitates coronavirus entry by increasing ACE2 expression in either animals or humans. Indeed, animal data support elevated ACE2 expression as conferring potential protective pulmonary and cardiovascular effects. In summary, based on the currently available evidence, treatment with renin-angiotensin system blockers should not be discontinued because of concerns with coronavirus infection."}, {"pmid": 32441332, "title": "Clinical course of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) in pregnancy.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Pereira, Augusto", "Cruz-Melguizo, Sara", "Adrien, Maria", "Fuentes, Lucia", "Marin, Eugenia", "Perez-Medina, Tirso"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441332", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study is to report our clinical experience in the management of pregnant women infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the first 30\u00a0days of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. We reviewed clinical data from the first 60 pregnant women with COVID-19 whose care was managed at Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Madrid, Spain from 14 March to 14 April 2020. Demographic data, clinical findings, laboratory test results, imaging findings, treatment received, and outcomes were collected. An analysis of variance (Kruskal-Wallis test) was performed to compare the medians of laboratory parameters. Fisher's exact test was used to evaluate categorical variables. A correspondence analysis was used to explore associations between variables. A total of 60 pregnant women were diagnosed with COVID-19. The most common symptoms were fever and cough (75.5% each) followed by dyspnea (37.8%). Forty-one women (68.6%) required hospital admission (18 because of disease worsening and 23 for delivery) of whom 21 women (35%) underwent pharmacological treatment, including hydroxychloroquine, antivirals, antibiotics, and tocilizumab. No renal or cardiac failures or maternal deaths were reported. Lymphopenia (50%), thrombocytopenia (25%), and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (59%) were observed in the early stages of the disease. Median CRP, D-dimer, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were elevated. High CRP and D-dimer levels were the parameters most frequently associated with severe pneumonia. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio was found to be the most sensitive marker for disease improvement (relative risk 6.65; 95% CI 4.1-5.9). During the study period, 18 of the women (78%) delivered vaginally. All newborns tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 and none of them were infected during breastfeeding. No SARS-CoV-2 was detected in placental tissue. Most of the pregnant women with COVID-19 had a favorable clinical course. However, one-third of them developed pneumonia, of whom 5% presented a critical clinical status. CRP and D-dimer levels positively correlated with severe pneumonia and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio decreased as the patients improved clinically. Seventy-eight percent of the women had a vaginal delivery. No vertical or horizontal transmissions were diagnosed in the neonates during labor or breastfeeding."}, {"pmid": 32359819, "pmcid": "PMC7183945", "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Interventional Radiology Training Programs: What You Need to Know.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Warhadpande, Shantanu", "Khaja, Minhaj S", "Sabri, Saher S"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359819", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has affected medical education in unprecedented ways. Herein, we briefly describe the affects of COVID-19 on Interventional Radiology residency training and summarize up to date guidance by governing bodies and key stakeholders."}, {"pmid": 32442261, "title": "Influenza vaccine does not increase the risk of coronavirus or other non-influenza respiratory viruses: retrospective analysis from Canada, 2010-11 to 2016-17.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Skowronski, Danuta M", "Zou, Macy", "Clarke, Quinten", "Chambers, Catharine", "Dickinson, James A", "Sabaiduc, Suzana", "Olsha, Romy", "Gubbay, Jonathan B", "Drews, Steven J", "Charest, Hugues", "Winter, Anne-Luise", "Jassem, Agatha", "Murti, Michelle", "Krajden, Mel", "De Serres, Gaston"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442261", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Influenza vaccine effectiveness against influenza and non-influenza respiratory viruses (NIRV) was assessed by test-negative design using historic datasets of the community-based Canadian Sentinel Practitioner Surveillance Network (SPSN), spanning 2010-11 to 2016-17. Vaccine significantly reduced the risk of influenza illness by >40% with no effect on coronaviruses or other NIRV risk."}, {"pmid": 32409625, "pmcid": "PMC7246092", "title": "'Your country needs you': the ethics of allocating staff to high-risk clinical roles in the management of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Dunn, Michael", "Sheehan, Mark", "Hordern, Joshua", "Turnham, Helen Lynne", "Wilkinson, Dominic"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409625", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic impacts on health service delivery, health providers are modifying care pathways and staffing models in ways that require health professionals to be reallocated to work in critical care settings. Many of the roles that staff are being allocated to in the intensive care unit and emergency department pose additional risks to themselves, and new policies for staff reallocation are causing distress and uncertainty to the professionals concerned. In this paper, we analyse a range of ethical issues associated with changes to staff allocation processes in the face of COVID-19. In line with a dominant view in the medical ethics literature, we claim, first, that no individual health professional has a specific, positive obligation to treat a patient when doing so places that professional at risk of harm, and so there is a clear ethical tension in any reallocation process in this context. Next, we argue that the changing asymmetries of health needs in hospitals means that careful consideration needs to be given to a stepwise process for deallocating staff from their usual duties. We conclude by considering how a justifiable process of reallocating professionals to high-risk clinical roles should be configured once those who are 'fit for reallocation' have been identified. We claim that this process needs to attend to three questions that we consider in detail: (1) how the choice to make reallocation decisions is made, (2) what justifiable models for reallocation might look like and (3) what is owed to those who are reallocated."}, {"pmid": 32337516, "title": "Use of free CAD design software for 3D printing individualized face masks based on face scans.", "journal": "Int J Comput Dent", "authors": ["Cortes, Arthur Rodriguez Gonzalez", "Galea, Kurt", "No-Cortes, Juliana", "Sammut, Edward J", "Alzoubi, Emad Eddin", "Attard, Nikolai J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337516", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe a method of digitally customizing 3D-printed face mask designs using 3D face scans and free software. The procedure of creating customized face masks initially involved importing and aligning STL files of face scans and mask components in free CAD software. The imported mask described in this article is composed of three different STL files (body, filter structure, and grid). The body of the mask was then edited to fit precisely into the face scan STL by using the software's offset tool, followed by adjustments and smoothening of the surfaces of the edges. The resulting customized body of the mask plus the filter and grid STL files were exported and 3D printed with polylactic acid (PLA) filament using a fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer. For the purposes of comparison, a conventional 3D-printed mask (from the original STL files, without being customized for the face scan) was also 3D printed from the original STL files. Both face masks were tested on the same two volunteers. The customized 3D-printed face mask presented a higher adaptation compared with the conventional face mask. The area of facial contact matched the one digitally designed in the software. The 3D-printed grid could clip exactly into the filter, which in turn could be precisely screwed into the body of the face mask. Within the limitations of this technical report, the present findings suggest that customized 3D-printed face masks with enhanced adaptation can be digitally designed using face scans and free CAD software."}, {"pmid": 32369691, "title": "Perspectives on the COVID-19 Pandemic and Individuals With Serious Mental Illness.", "journal": "J Clin Psychiatry", "authors": ["Shinn, Ann K", "Viron, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369691", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374466, "pmcid": "PMC7267288", "title": "Rationing Limited Health Care Resources in the COVID-19 Era and Beyond: Ethical Considerations Regarding Older Adults.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Farrell, Timothy W", "Francis, Leslie", "Brown, Teneille", "Ferrante, Lauren E", "Widera, Eric", "Rhodes, Ramona", "Rosen, Tony", "Hwang, Ula", "Witt, Leah J", "Thothala, Niranjan", "Liu, Shan W", "Vitale, Caroline A", "Braun, Ursula K", "Stephens, Caroline", "Saliba, Debra"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374466", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 continues to impact older adults disproportionately with respect to serious consequences ranging from severe illness and hospitalization to increased mortality risk. Concurrently, concerns about potential shortages of healthcare professionals and health supplies to address these issues have focused attention on how these resources are ultimately allocated and used. Some strategies, for example, misguidedly use age as an arbitrary criterion, which disfavors older adults in resource allocation decisions. This is a companion manuscript to the American Geriatrics Society (AGS) position statement, \"Resource Allocation Strategies and Age-Related Considerations in the COVID-19 Era and Beyond.\" It is intended to inform stakeholders including hospitals, health systems, and policymakers about ethical considerations that should be considered when developing strategies for allocation of scarce resources during an emergency involving older adults. This review presents the legal and ethical background for the position statement and discusses the following issues that informed the development of the AGS positions: (1) age as a determining factor; (2) age as a tiebreaker; (3) criteria with a differential impact on older adults; (4) individual choices and advance directives; (5) racial/ethnic disparities and resource allocation; and (6) scoring systems and their impact on older adults. It also considers the role of advance directives as expressions of individual preferences in pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32184129, "pmcid": "PMC7102544", "title": "The cancellation of mass gatherings (MGs)? Decision making in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ahmed, Qanta A", "Memish, Ziad A"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184129", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our recommendation, as experts who have monitored health hazards at the Hajj for over 15 years, especially if the situation with COVID-19 continues to escalate globally is that Hajj 2020 will be at risk of being suspended and a means for Muslims to fulfill their rights in the future either personally or even by proxy need to be announced. The same holds true for the Summer 2020 Olympics in Japan and for many other MGs and large gatherings. Decisions in the time of COVID-19 will be closely followed and will be a blueprint for other mass gatherings."}, {"pmid": 32294264, "pmcid": "PMC7262266", "title": "Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a new contribution.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Estebanez, Andrea", "Perez-Santiago, Leticia", "Silva, Esmeralda", "Guillen-Climent, Santiago", "Garcia-Vazquez, Alejandro", "Ramon, M Dolores"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294264", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have read with great interest Dr Recalcati's review about skin manifestations in COVID-19 as it is the first report on this subject1 . In a recent review on clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China, rash was observed in 0,2% of cases2 . However, from the trained eyes of a dermatologist, this percentage may be higher."}, {"pmid": 32246136, "pmcid": "PMC7184402", "title": "Coronavirus occurrence and transmission over 8 years in the HIVE cohort of households in Michigan.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Monto, Arnold S", "DeJonge, Peter", "Callear, Amy P", "Bazzi, Latifa A", "Capriola, Skylar", "Malosh, Ryan E", "Martin, Emily T", "Petrie, Joshua G"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246136", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As part of the Household Influenza Vaccine Evaluation (HIVE) study, acute respiratory infections (ARI) have been identified in children and adults over 8 years. Annually, 890 to 1441 individuals were followed and contacted weekly to report ARIs. Specimens collected during illness were tested for human coronaviruses (HCoV) types OC43, 229E, HKU1, and NL63. In total, 993 HCoV infections were identified over 8 years, with OC43 most commonly seen and 229E the least. HCoVs were detected in a limited time period, between December and April/May, and peaked in January/February. Highest infection frequency was in children <5 years (18 per 100 person-years), with little variation in older age groups (range: 7 to 11 per 100 person-years). Overall, 9% of adult cases and 20% of cases in children were associated with medical consultation. Of the 993 infections, 260 were acquired from an infected household contact. The serial interval between index and household-acquired cases ranged from 3.2 to 3.6 days and the secondary infection risk ranged from 7.2% to 12.6% by type. Coronaviruses are sharply seasonal. They appear, based on serial interval and secondary infection risk, to have similar transmission potential to influenza A(H3N2) in the same population."}, {"pmid": 32532663, "title": "The eighth alternative to evidence based medicine in the early era of the COVID-19 pandemic: Too much emergency and emotion, too little evidence.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Pieralli, Filippo", "Vannucchi, Vieri", "Olivotto, Iacopo"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532663", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277965, "pmcid": "PMC7194585", "title": "Disinfection of N95 respirators by ionized hydrogen peroxide during pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Cheng, V C C", "Wong, S-C", "Kwan, G S W", "Hui, W-T", "Yuen, K-Y"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277965", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382317, "pmcid": "PMC7203876", "title": "An Extended Statement by the British Cardiovascular Intervention Society President Regarding the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Interv Cardiol", "authors": ["Curzen, Nick"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382317", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370766, "pmcid": "PMC7199873", "title": "Role of adjunctive treatment strategies in COVID-19 and a review of international and national clinical guidelines.", "journal": "Mil Med Res", "authors": ["Xu, Xinni", "Ong, Yew Kwang", "Wang, De Yun"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370766", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a global struggle to cope with the sheer numbers of infected persons, many of whom require intensive care support or eventually succumb to the illness. The outbreak is managed by a combination of disease containment via public health measures and supportive care for those who are affected. To date, there is no specific anti-COVID-19 treatment. However, the urgency to identify treatments that could turn the tide has led to the emergence of several investigational drugs as potential candidates to improve outcome, especially in the severe to critically ill. While many of these adjunctive drugs are being investigated in clinical trials, professional bodies have attempted to clarify the setting where the use of these drugs may be considered as off-label or compassionate use. This review summarizes the clinical evidence of investigational adjunctive treatments used in COVID-19 patients as well as the recommendations of their use from guidelines issued by international and national organizations in healthcare."}, {"pmid": 32422948, "title": "Distribution of COVID-19 Morbidity Rate in Association with Social and Economic Factors in Wuhan, China: Implications for Urban Development.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["You, Heyuan", "Wu, Xi", "Guo, Xuxu"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422948", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social and economic factors relate to the prevention and control of infectious diseases. The purpose of this paper was to assess the distribution of COVID-19 morbidity rate in association with social and economic factors and discuss the implications for urban development that help to control infectious diseases. This study was a cross-sectional study. In this study, social and economic factors were classified into three dimensions: built environment, economic activities, and public service status. The method applied in this study was the spatial regression analysis. In the 13 districts in Wuhan, the spatial regression analysis was applied. The results showed that: 1) increasing population density, construction land area proportion, value-added of tertiary industry per unit of land area, total retail sales of consumer goods per unit of land area, public green space density, aged population density were associated with an increased COVID-19 morbidity rate due to the positive characteristics of estimated coefficients of these variables. 2) increasing average building scale, GDP per unit of land area, and hospital density were associated with a decreased COVID-19 morbidity rate due to the negative characteristics of estimated coefficients of these variables. It was concluded that it is possible to control infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, by adjusting social and economic factors. We should guide urban development to improve human health."}, {"pmid": 32299985, "title": "Can cats become infected with Covid-19?", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Li, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299985", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242901, "pmcid": "PMC7184344", "title": "Letter: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 Global Pandemic: A Neurosurgical Treatment Algorithm.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Burke, John F", "Chan, Andrew K", "Mummaneni, Valli", "Chou, Dean", "Lobo, Errol P", "Berger, Mitchel S", "Theodosopoulos, Philip V", "Mummaneni, Praveen V"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242901", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324362, "title": "Practical aspects of intensive care for critically ill COVID-19 patients requiring respiratory support", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Vegh, Tamas", "Laszlo, Istvan", "Juhasz, Marianna", "Berhes, Mariann", "Fabian, Akos", "Koszta, Gyorgy", "Molnar, Csilla", "Fulesdi, Bela"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324362", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel outbreak of pneumonia was reported in Wuhan city, China. Initially, the zoonitic infection spread from human to human, causing a pandemic. This viral disease (COVID-19) can appear in a variety of forms, from asymptomatic through the spectrum of mild symptoms to severe respiratory failure, requiring intensive care. Caring for this latter group of patients puts a significant burden on health care. The purpose of this summary is to present the practical aspects of intensive care for patients requiring respiratory support and mechanical ventilation. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(17): 678\u2013684."}, {"pmid": 32411943, "pmcid": "PMC7221402", "title": "Tuberculosis, COVID-19 and migrants: preliminary analysis of deaths occurring in 69 patients from two cohorts.", "journal": "Pulmonology", "authors": ["Motta, Ilaria", "Centis, Rosella", "D'Ambrosio, Lia", "Garcia-Garcia, Jose-Maria", "Goletti, Delia", "Gualano, Gina", "Lipani, Filippo", "Palmieri, Fabrizio", "Sanchez-Montalva, Adrian", "Pontali, Emanuele", "Sotgiu, Giovanni", "Spanevello, Antonio", "Stochino, Claudia", "Tabernero, Eva", "Tadolini, Marina", "van den Boom, Martin", "Villa, Simone", "Visca, Dina", "Migliori, Giovanni Battista"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411943", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little is known about the relationship between the COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study is to describe a group of patients who died with TB (active disease or sequelae) and COVID-19 in two cohorts. Data from 49 consecutive cases in 8 countries (cohort A) and 20 hospitalized patients with TB and COVID-19 (cohort B) were analysed and patients who died were described. Demographic and clinical variables were retrospectively collected, including co-morbidities and risk factors for TB and COVID-19 mortality. Overall, 8 out of 69 (11.6%) patients died, 7 from cohort A (14.3%) and one from cohort B (5%). Out of 69 patients 43 were migrants, 26/49 (53.1%) in cohort A and 17/20 (85.0%) in cohort B. Migrants: 1) were younger than natives; in cohort A the median (IQR) age was 40 (27-49) VS. 66 (46-70) years, whereas in cohort B 37 (27-46) VS. 48 (47-60) years; 2) had a lower mortality rate than natives (1/43, 2.3% versus 7/26, 26.9%; p-value: 0.002); 3) had fewer co-morbidities than natives (23/43, 53.5 % versus 5/26- 19.2%) natives; p-value: 0.005). The study findings show that: 1) mortality is likely to occur in elderly patients with co-morbidities; 2) TB might not be a major determinant of mortality and 3) migrants had lower mortality, probably because of their younger age and lower number of co-morbidities. However, in settings where advanced forms of TB frequently occur and are caused by drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis, higher mortality rates can be expected in young individuals."}, {"pmid": 32492171, "title": "Managing appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Scott, C", "Lambert, A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492171", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420608, "title": "Patients with sickle cell disease and suspected COVID-19 in a paediatric intensive care unit.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Heilbronner, Claire", "Berteloot, Laureline", "Tremolieres, Pierre", "Dupic, Laurent", "de Saint Blanquat, Laure", "Lesage, Fabrice", "Odievre, Marie-Helene", "de Marcellus, Charles", "Fourgeaud, Jacques", "de Montalembert, Marianne", "Grimaud, Marion", "Moulin, Florence", "Renolleau, Sylvain", "Allali, Slimane", "Oualha, Mehdi"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420608", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478398, "title": "Successful smallpox eradication: what can we learn to control COVID-19?", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Heymann, D L", "Wilder-Smith, Annelies"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478398", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425210, "pmcid": "PMC7231733", "title": "[COVID-19 impact on the cancer care structuration: example of the multidisciplinary team meeting dedicated to oncology in Occitanie].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Grosclaude, Pascale", "Azria, David", "Guimbaud, Rosine", "Thibault, Severine", "Daubisse, Laetitia", "Cartron, Guillaume", "Renaudie, Marie-Jose", "Dalbies, Pierre-Adrien", "Delord, Jean-Pierre", "Bauvin, Eric"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425210", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This work examines the impact of the SARS-CoV2 epidemic and the organizational recommendations that have been issued since March 16 on tumor boards (TB) activity. The tumor board activity was measured from tumor board sheets extracted from the oncologic electronic file between January 7, 2019 and April 24, 2020. The pre-containment activity was compared to the activity of the containment periods but also to the equivalent periods in 2019. The number of meetings held, the average number of files reviewed per meeting including first presentations and the average number of physicians' attendance were the evaluation criteria. The study covered 191 TB that held 3,943 multidisciplinary team meetings (MTM) and reviewed 72070 files (including 30127 first submissions). There was a moderate decrease of 8\u00a0% in the number of meetings after March 16, 2020. The number of files examined decreased by 23\u00a0% in the following month and even more by 33\u00a0% in the third period. The physicians' number who attended MTM also decreased by 25\u00a0%. The negative impact was higher in the Mediterranean part of the region. This first study of tumor board activity, covering a large region but little affected by the pandemic, shows that its impact on the participation to the MTM has been moderate. In addition, tumor boards have followed the recommendations for optimizing quorum. However, the decrease in average MTM activity, particularly for first submissions, suggests a potential delay in patient management. Complementary qualitative and quantitative works are warranted to estimate the real impact on carcinologic outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32291196, "pmcid": "PMC7141546", "title": "Is low sodium intake a risk factor for severe and fatal COVID-19 infection?", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Post, Adrian", "Dullaart, Robin P F", "Bakker, Stephan J L"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291196", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437649, "pmcid": "PMC7234778", "title": "Challenges in the interpretation and application of typical imaging features of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Hammer, Mark M", "Raptis, Constantine A", "Henry, Travis S", "Shah, Amar", "Bhalla, Sanjeev", "Hope, Michael D"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437649", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406356, "title": "Storytelling and Poetry in the time of Coronavirus.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Barrett, Elizabeth", "Dickson, Melissa", "Hayes-Brady, Clare", "Wheelock, Harriet"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406356", "countries": ["Ireland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus crisis occurs at a time when many clinicians have already experienced burnout. One in three Irish doctors were suffering from burnout in the 2019 National Study of Wellbeing of Hospital Doctors in Ireland; rates are also high in Irish Psychiatry. We present a perspective on the use of Narrative in Medicine, and recognise that storytelling, and the patient history, are very much at the heart of medicine. Clinician storytelling, such as Schwartz Rounds and Balint group work, have very much come to the fore in Irish Psychiatry and in training. Projects such as Mind Reading have explored overlaps between clinicians, humanities experts and experts by experience. We give an overview of some approaches from the movement around narrative in medicine to bolster this. We explore why clinicians write- as ways to support identification, catharsis and a way to process experiences. Clinicians and patients may also use literature and poetry to promote coping. The historic context and practical strategies are highlighted, particularly with reference to Poetry use during the current crisis."}, {"pmid": 32421383, "title": "Community Mitigation During SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Mission Impossible in Developing Countries.", "journal": "Popul Health Manag", "authors": ["Abdel-Moneim, Ahmed S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421383", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374546, "title": "[Medical students at the bedside of COVID-19 patients : motivations and challenges].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Aebischer, Oriane", "Porret, Raphael", "Pawlowska, Victoria", "Barbier, Jeanne", "Caratsch, Leo", "Moreira De Jesus, Mike", "Castioni, Julien", "Kraege, Vanessa", "Bart, Pierre-Alexandre", "Mean, Marie", "Monti, Matteo", "Garnier, Antoine", "Vollenweider, Peter", "Gachoud, David"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374546", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is putting our healthcare system under exceptional pressure, given the number of affected patients. In a context of limited human healthcare resources, senior medical students represent a valuable workforce that can quickly be mobilized for patient care. This is the approach followed in Switzerland and other countries, in several outpatient structures or inpatient services, including the Department of Internal Medicine, of the Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV). In this article, we first give the floor to students who responded to our call. We conclude with important considerations in terms of students' clinical supervision. It is reminded that the involvement of students in the care of COVID-19 patients should only occur on a vo luntary basis."}, {"pmid": 32229647, "title": "COVID-19: An Unintended Force for Medical Revolution?", "journal": "J Invasive Cardiol", "authors": ["Wang, Xiaowen", "Bhatt, Deepak L"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229647", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503864, "title": "Covid-19: transforming healthcare will require collaboration and innovative policies.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wong, Eliza Lai-Yi", "Yeoh, Eng-Kiong", "Dong, Dong"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503864", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483882, "title": "COVID-19 and alcohol in Australia: Industry changes and public health impacts.", "journal": "Drug Alcohol Rev", "authors": ["Colbert, Stephanie", "Wilkinson, Claire", "Thornton, Louise", "Richmond, Robyn"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483882", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447637, "pmcid": "PMC7245575", "title": "Perforated Marginal Ulcer in a COVID-19 Patient. Laparoscopy in these Trying Times?", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Galvez, A", "King, K", "El Chaar, M", "Claros, L"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447637", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353114, "pmcid": "PMC7197595", "title": "Throat Wash Testing and COVID-19 Disease: Should We Put Our Money Where Our Mouth Is?", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ali, Farhana", "Sweeney, Daniel A"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353114", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370982, "pmcid": "PMC7174154", "title": "Ensuring mental health care during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in France: A narrative review.", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Chevance, A", "Gourion, D", "Hoertel, N", "Llorca, P-M", "Thomas, P", "Bocher, R", "Moro, M-R", "Laprevote, V", "Benyamina, A", "Fossati, P", "Masson, M", "Leaune, E", "Leboyer, M", "Gaillard, R"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370982", "countries": ["China", "France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lack of resources and coordination to face the coronavirus epidemic raises concerns for the health of patients with mental disorders in a country where we still have memories of the dramatic experience of famine in psychiatric hospitals during the Second World War. This article aims to propose guidance to ensure mental health care during the SARS-CoV epidemic in France. The authors performed a narrative review identifying relevant results in the scientific and medical literature and in local initiatives in France. We identified four types of major vulnerabilities among patients with mental disorders during this pandemic: (1) medical comorbidities that are more frequently found among patients with mental disorders (cardiovascular and pulmonary pathologies, diabetes, obesity, etc.) which are risk factors for severe covid-19 infection; (2) age (the elderly form the population most vulnerable to the coronavirus); (3) cognitive and behavioural disorders, which can hamper compliance with confinement and hygiene measures and finally and (4) psychosocial vulnerability as a result of stigmatization and/or socio-economic difficulties. Furthermore, the mental health healthcare system is more vulnerable than other healthcare systems. Current government plans are poorly suited to psychiatric establishments in a context of major shortages of organizational, material and human resources. In addition, a certain number of structural aspects make the psychiatric institution particularly vulnerable: many beds have been closed, wards have high densities of patients, mental health community facilities are closed, and medical teams are understaffed and poorly trained to face infectious diseases. There are also major issues when referring patients with acute mental disorders to intensive care units. To maintain the continuity of psychiatric care in this pandemic situation, several directions can be considered, in particular with the creation of \"COVID+ units\". These units are under the dual supervision of a psychiatrist and an internist/infectious disease specialist; all new entrants are placed in quarantine for 14 days; the nursing staff receives specific training, daily medical check-ups and close psychological support. Family visits are prohibited and replaced by videoconference. At the end of hospitalization, in particular for the population of patients in compulsory ambulatory care situations, specific case-management are organized with the possibility of home visits, in order to support patients when they get back home and to help them cope with the experience of confinement, which is liable to induce recurrences of mental disorders. The total or partial closure of community mental health facilities is particularly disturbing for patients, but a regular follow-up is possible with telemedicine and should include the monitoring of suicide risk and psycho-education strategies; developing support platforms could also be very helpful in this context. Private practice psychiatrists also have a crucial role of information towards their patients on confinement and barrier measures, and also on measures to prevent the psychological risks inherent in confinement: maintenance of regular sleep r, physical exercise, social interactions, stress management and coping strategies, prevention of addictions, etc. They should also be trained to prevent, detect and treat early warning symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, because their prevalence was high in the regions of China most affected by the pandemic. French mental healthcare is now facing a great and urgent need for reorganization and must also prepare in the coming days and weeks to face an epidemic of emotional disorders due to the confinement of the general population."}, {"pmid": 32492211, "title": "Lopinavir/ritonavir and interferon combination therapy may help shorten the duration of viral shedding in patients with COVID-19: a retrospective study in two designated hospitals in Anhui, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zuo, Yan", "Liu, Yunlei", "Zhong, Qi", "Zhang, Ke", "Xu, Yuanhong", "Wang, Zhongxin"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492211", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prolonged viral shedding may pose a threat to the control of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and data on the duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding are still limited, with the associated factors being unknown. All adult patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study in two designated hospitals during 21 January 2020-16 March 2020 in Anhui, China. In all patients, data on the duration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding were analyzed by reviewing all RNA detection results during hospitalization. Additionally, demographic, clinical, treatment, laboratory and outcome data were also collected from electronic medical records. Factors associated with prolonged viral shedding were analyzed with the Cox proportional hazards model. Among 181 patients, the mean age was 44.3\u00b113.2 years, and 55.2% were male. The median duration of viral shedding from illness onset was 18.0 days (IQR 15.0-24.0). Prolonged viral shedding was associated with longer hospital stays (P<0.001) and higher medical costs (P<0.001). The severity of COVID-19 had nothing to do with prolonged shedding. Moreover, the median time from onset to antiviral treatment initiation was 5.0 days (IQR 3.0-7.0). Delayed antiviral treatment (HR 0.976 [95% CI, 0.962-0.990]) and lopinavir/ritonavir + IFN-\u03b1 combination therapy as the initial antiviral treatment (HR 1.649 [95% CI, 1.162-2.339]) were independent factors associated with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding. SARS-CoV-2 showed prolonged viral shedding, causing increased hospital stays and medical costs. Early initiation of lopinavir/ritonavir + IFN-\u03b1 combination therapy may help shorten the duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32459916, "pmcid": "PMC7269015", "title": "Hospitalization and Mortality among Black Patients and White Patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Price-Haywood, Eboni G", "Burton, Jeffrey", "Fort, Daniel", "Seoane, Leonardo"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459916", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many reports on coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) have highlighted age- and sex-related differences in health outcomes. More information is needed about racial and ethnic differences in outcomes from Covid-19. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed data from patients seen within an integrated-delivery health system (Ochsner Health) in Louisiana between March 1 and April 11, 2020, who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Covid-19) on qualitative polymerase-chain-reaction assay. The Ochsner Health population is 31% black non-Hispanic and 65% white non-Hispanic. The primary outcomes were hospitalization and in-hospital death. A total of 3626 patients tested positive, of whom 145 were excluded (84 had missing data on race or ethnic group, 9 were Hispanic, and 52 were Asian or of another race or ethnic group). Of the 3481 Covid-19-positive patients included in our analyses, 60.0% were female, 70.4% were black non-Hispanic, and 29.6% were white non-Hispanic. Black patients had higher prevalences of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease than white patients. A total of 39.7% of Covid-19-positive patients (1382 patients) were hospitalized, 76.9% of whom were black. In multivariable analyses, black race, increasing age, a higher score on the Charlson Comorbidity Index (indicating a greater burden of illness), public insurance (Medicare or Medicaid), residence in a low-income area, and obesity were associated with increased odds of hospital admission. Among the 326 patients who died from Covid-19, 70.6% were black. In adjusted time-to-event analyses, variables that were associated with higher in-hospital mortality were increasing age and presentation with an elevated respiratory rate; elevated levels of venous lactate, creatinine, or procalcitonin; or low platelet or lymphocyte counts. However, black race was not independently associated with higher mortality (hazard ratio for death vs. white race, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.68 to 1.17). In a large cohort in Louisiana, 76.9% of the patients who were hospitalized with Covid-19 and 70.6% of those who died were black, whereas blacks comprise only 31% of the Ochsner Health population. Black race was not associated with higher in-hospital mortality than white race, after adjustment for differences in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics on admission."}, {"pmid": 32463077, "title": "The Urgent Need for Medicare Reimbursement for Home Infusion Antibiotics amidst a Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Streifel, Amber C", "Sikka, Monica K"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463077", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services should immediately update current policies to include reimbursement for Medicare patients receiving intravenous antibiotics at home. The majority of these patients are over the age of 65 and at increased risk for severe illness due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Requiring them to travel to an infusion center, stay in a skilled nursing facility or remain in the hospital longer than necessary to receive treatment results in avoidable risk of exposure amidst a pandemic. Current policy has significant implications for increased cost and harm to both these patients and the US healthcare system."}, {"pmid": 32241630, "pmcid": "PMC7270787", "title": "COVID 19 a challenge for emergency medicine and every health care professional.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Smereka, Jacek", "Szarpak, Lukasz"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241630", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418557, "title": "2019 Coronavirus Disease, Beware of Psychogenic Issue.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Zhang, Qianshi", "Qi, Xin"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418557", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379302, "pmcid": "PMC7239223", "title": "Cardiac safety and potential efficacy: two reasons for considering minocycline in place of azithromycin in COVID-19 management.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Diana, Giovanni", "Strollo, Rocky", "Diana, Davide", "Strollo, Mirko", "Galassi, Alfredo R", "Crea, Filippo"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379302", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419752, "pmcid": "PMC7213033", "title": "Managing Migraine in the Times of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Indian Acad Neurol", "authors": ["Chowdhury, Debashish", "Datta, Debabrata"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. Migraine is one of the commonest and highly disabling chronic neurological diseases in the world. During the pandemic and lockdown, migraine patients are facing an enormous problem in getting optimum care because of difficulty in access, forced social isolation, and encountering a health system that is getting rapidly overwhelmed. It is important that they must be protected by minimizing their visits to the clinics and emergency departments. Paradoxically multiple triggers are in operation which is likely to increase their headache frequency. Hence physicians should be made aware of the new rules of the game in treating migraines during this time of the pandemic so that these patients get optimum treatment and care and don't feel left out. This review tries to answer a series of questions related to managing migraines in the times of COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32451655, "pmcid": "PMC7247744", "title": "Staying home during \"COVID-19\" decreased fractures, but trauma did not quarantine in one hundred and twelve adults and twenty eight children and the \"tsunami of recommendations\" could not lockdown twelve elective operations.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Hernigou, Jacques", "Morel, Xavier", "Callewier, Antoine", "Bath, Olivier", "Hernigou, Philippe"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451655", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic caused by COVID-19 is the biggest challenge for national health systems for a century. While most medical resources are allocated to treat COVID-19 patients, fractures still need to be treated, as some patients with non-deferrable pathologies. The aim of this paper is to report the early experience of an integrated team of orthopaedic surgeons during this period. This is a mono-geographic, observational, retrospective, descriptive study. We collected data from the beginning of the epidemic (1 March 2020), during the pandemic lockdown period (declared in the country on March 16, 2020) until the end of our study period on April 15, 2020. All the 140 patients presented to the Emergency Department of the hospital during this period with a diagnosis of fracture, or trauma (sprains, dislocations, wounds) were included in the cohort. In addition, 12 patients needing hospitalization for planning a non-deferrable elective surgical treatment were included. A group of patients from the two same hospitals and treated during the same period (1st March 2018 to April 15, 2018) but previously was used as control. Of these 152 patients (mean age 45.5 years; range 1 to 103), 100 underwent a surgical procedure and 52 were managed non-operatively. Twenty-eight were children and 124 were adults. The COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed for four patients. The frequency of patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis among this population treated in emergency was ten fold higher (2.6%; 4 among 152) than in the general population (0.30%) of the country. The mortality rate for patients with surgery was 2% (2 of 100 patients) and 50% (2 of 4) for those older than 60 years with COVID-19; it was null for patients who were managed non-operatively. As compared to the year 2018, the number of patients seen with trauma had decreased of 32% during the epidemic. Staying home during the COVID-19 pandemic decreased trauma frequency of 32%. The structural organization in our hospital allowed us to reduce the time to surgery and ultimately hospital stay, thereby maximizing the already stretched medical resources available to treat all the patients who needed orthopedic care during this period."}, {"pmid": 32513290, "title": "A pilot study of therapeutic plasma exchange for serious SARS CoV-2 disease (COVID-19): A structured summary of a randomized controlled trial study protocol.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Faqihi, Fahad", "Alharthy, Abdulrahman", "Alodat, Mohammed", "Asad, Daood", "Aletreby, Waleed", "Kutsogiannis, Demetrios J", "Brindley, Peter G", "Karakitsos, Dimitrios"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513290", "countries": ["United States", "Switzerland", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the safety of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in adult patients with serious/life-threatening COVID-19 requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and associated 28-day mortality. Serious and life threatening COVID-19 are defined as per published literature (please, refer to the full protocol, Additional file 1). The rationale is that TPE can remove interleukins-3, 6, 8, 10, interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Thus, it may reduce the cytokine release syndrome associated with fulminant COVID-19 disease. Pilot, interventional, open-label, randomized controlled multicenter trial. Inclusion criteria are: 1) age \u2265 18 years old; 2) intubation and intensive care unit (ICU) admission; 3) serious and/or life-threatening COVID-19 (please, refer to the full protocol, Additional file 1). SARS-CoV-2 infection is confirmed by Real-Time-Polymerase-Chain-Reaction (RT-PCR) assays using QuantiNova Probe RT-PCR kit (Qiagen) in a Light-Cycler 480 real-time PCR system (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). Exclusion criteria are: 1) previous allergic reaction to plasma exchange or its ingredients (i.e., sodium citrate), 2) two consecutive negative RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 at least 24 hours apart, 3) mild COVID-19 not requiring ICU admission and 4) terminally ill patients receiving palliative care. The primary site will be King Saud Medical City (KSMC), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Also, the study will run in ICUs (Ministry of Health Cluster 1; Riyadh) and other centers in KSA pending their institutional review board (IRB) approval. The intervention group will receive TPE, plus empiric treatment for COVID-19. TPE is administered using the Spectra Optia TM Apheresis System equipped with the Depuro D2000 Adsorption Cartridge (Terumo BCT Inc., USA). The first dose is 1.5 plasma volumes, followed by one plasma volume on alternate days or daily for five to seven total treatments. Spectra Optia TM Apheresis System operates with acid-citrate dextrose anticoagulant (ACDA) as per Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2019 guidelines. Plasma is replaced with albumin 5% or fresh frozen plasma in patients with coagulopathy (prothrombin time >37 seconds; international normalized ratio >3; activated partial thromboplastin time >100 or fibrinogen level <100 mg/d). TPE sessions are performed daily over four hours and laboratory markers measured daily. The comparators are controls not receiving TPE but usual empiric treatment for COVID-19 as per institutional, national and international recommendations. Both groups will receive standard ICU supportive care. Primary study end-point is 28-day mortality and safety of TPE in serious and/or life-threatening COVID-19. Safety will be evaluated by the documentation of any pertinent adverse and/or serious adverse effects related to TPE as per institutional, national and international (Food and Drug Administration) guidelines. Secondary outcomes are: i) improvement in Sequential Organ Function Assessment (SOFA) score ; ii) changes in inflammatory markers: serum C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, d-dimers and interleukin-6; iii) days on mechanical ventilation and ICU length of stay. Eligible consented patients are randomized (1:1 allocation) after stratification by ICU center and two PaO2/FIO2 ratio categories (> 150 and \u2264 150). Randomization occurs in variable block sizes of four to eight patients. A web-based randomization service, randomize.net, is used to allocate patients to their respective strata prior to the intervention or control therapy. Given the visibility of TPE machinery, the intervention will be unblinded; hence, no enrollment concealment will be expedited. The lack of allocation concealment will be mitigated by several measures (please, refer to the full protocol, Additional file 1). This pilot randomized trial aims to recruit a convenience sample of patients with serious and/or life-threatening COVID-19. Therefore, at least 20 patients are to be randomized to each group per participating center. We are hoping to consent and randomize approximately 60 patients in each group over a 3 to 6 months period giving a total of 120 participants. The protocol version 1 was approved 29/04/2020. Recruitment is ongoing, and began on 01/05/2020. We estimate completion by 29/10/2020. Registered at ISRCTN on 18/05/2020 (ISRCTN21363594; doi.10.1186/ ISRCTN21363594). The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest of expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32332319, "pmcid": "PMC7268872", "title": "18F-FDG PET/CT and Serial Chest CT Findings in a COVID-19 Patient With Dynamic Clinical Characteristics in Different Period.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Liu, Chunbao", "Zhou, Jun", "Xia, Liang", "Cheng, Xiaojie", "Lu, Diyu"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332319", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Neurological symptoms and gastrointestinal symptoms were rare at onset in COVID-19. Here we report a 37-year-old man with vertigo, fever, and diarrhea symptoms as the first manifestation. F-FDG PET/CT spotted multiple ground glass opacity (GGO) lesions in the lungs, with increased tracer uptake in both lung GGOs and the whole colon. Serial CT examinations showed the emersion and dissipation of lung GGOs. We illustrate the symptoms initiation, the laboratory test results, the imaging examination, and the treatment strategy in the duration of COVID-19 with a timeline chart."}, {"pmid": 32462990, "title": "COVID-19 complicated by pulmonary embolism treated with catheter directed thrombectomy.", "journal": "Vasa", "authors": ["Galastri, Francisco Leonardo", "Valle, Leonardo Guedes Moreira", "Affonso, Breno Boueri", "Silva, Marcela Juliano", "Garcia, Rodrigo Gobbo", "Junior, Milton Rodrigues", "Ferraz, Leonardo Jose Rolim", "de Matos, Gustavo Faissol Janot", "de la Cruz Scarin, Farah Christina", "Nasser, Felipe"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462990", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": " COVID-19 is a recently identified illness that is associated with thromboembolic events. We report a case of pulmonary embolism in a patient with COVID-19, treated by catheter directed thrombectomy. A 57\u00a0year old patient presented to the emergency center with severe COVID-19 symptoms and developed massive pulmonary embolism. The patient was treated with catheter directed thrombolysis (CDT) and recovered completely. Coagulopathy associated with COVID-19 is present in all severe cases and is a dynamic process. We describe a case of massive/high risk pulmonary embolism, in a patient with COVID-19 receiving full anticoagulation, who was treated by percutaneous intervention. CDT can be an additional therapeutic option in patients with COVID-19 and pulmonary embolism that present with rapid clinical collapse."}, {"pmid": 32433531, "title": "Antimicrobial resistance in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Microbiol", "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433531", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32145466, "pmcid": "PMC7128842", "title": "Serial interval of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infections.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nishiura, Hiroshi", "Linton, Natalie M", "Akhmetzhanov, Andrei R"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145466", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To estimate the serial interval of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) from information on 28 infector-infectee pairs. We collected dates of illness onset for primary cases (infectors) and secondary cases (infectees) from published research articles and case investigation reports. We subjectively ranked the credibility of the data and performed analyses on both the full dataset (n = 28) and a subset of pairs with highest certainty in reporting (n = 18). In addition, we adjust for right truncation of the data as the epidemic is still in its growth phase. Accounting for right truncation and analyzing all pairs, we estimated the median serial interval at 4.0 days (95% credible interval [CrI]: 3.1, 4.9). Limiting our data to only the most certain pairs, the median serial interval was estimated at 4.6 days (95% CrI: 3.5, 5.9). The serial interval of COVID-19 is close to or shorter than its median incubation period. This suggests that a substantial proportion of secondary transmission may occur prior to illness onset. The COVID-19 serial interval is also shorter than the serial interval of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), indicating that calculations made using the SARS serial interval may introduce bias."}, {"pmid": 32456650, "pmcid": "PMC7250537", "title": "Correction to: Sexual and reproductive health (SRH): a key issue in the emergency response to the coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) outbreak.", "journal": "Reprod Health", "authors": ["Tang, Kun", "Gaoshan, Junjian", "Ahonsi, Babatunde", "Ali, Moazzam", "Bonet, Mercedes", "Broutet, Nathalie", "Kara, Edna", "Kim, Caron", "Thorson, Anna", "Thwin, Soe Soe"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456650", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article."}, {"pmid": 32347201, "pmcid": "PMC7189652", "title": "Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) early findings from a teaching hospital in Pavia, North Italy, 21 to 28 February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Colaneri, Marta", "Sacchi, Paolo", "Zuccaro, Valentina", "Biscarini, Simona", "Sachs, Michele", "Roda, Silvia", "Pieri, Teresa Chiara", "Valsecchi, Pietro", "Piralla, Antonio", "Seminari, Elena", "Di Matteo, Angela", "Novati, Stefano", "Maiocchi, Laura", "Pagnucco, Layla", "Tirani, Marcello", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Mojoli, Francesco", "Perlini, Stefano", "Bruno, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347201", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe clinical characteristics, treatments and outcomes of 44 Caucasian patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) at a single hospital in Pavia, Italy, from 21-28 February 2020, at the beginning of the outbreak in Europe. Seventeen patients developed severe disease, two died. After a median of 6 days, 14 patients were discharged from hospital. Predictors of lower odds of discharge were age\u2009>\u200965 years, antiviral treatment and for severe disease, lactate dehydrogenase >\u2009300 mg/dL."}, {"pmid": 32472250, "pmcid": "PMC7259432", "title": "Survival strategy of urology department during the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Int Urol Nephrol", "authors": ["Choi, Se Young", "Kim, Tae-Hyoung"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472250", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451938, "pmcid": "PMC7246967", "title": "Reimagining the Future of HIV Service Implementation in the Philippines Based on Lessons from COVID-19.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Quilantang, Ma Irene N", "Bermudez, Amiel Nazer C", "Operario, Don"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451938", "countries": ["Philippines"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366572, "title": "The Biology of Pulmonary Coronavirus Infection Underscores Host-Directed Therapies as an Option.", "journal": "Ann Clin Lab Sci", "authors": ["Brown, Robert E", "Hunter, Robert L"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366572", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306626, "title": "[Prevention and control strategies and methods of novel coronavirus epidemic infection in department of otolaryngology head and neck surgery in hospital].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, X L", "Ren, J", "Xu, Z", "Lei, W W", "Yang, K", "Kong, Y G", "Qu, J N", "Liao, H", "He, Y", "Chen, H D", "Zeng, F", "Wang, Y", "Hua, Q Q"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306626", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329517, "pmcid": "PMC7264632", "title": "COVID-19 diffusion capability is its worst, unpredictable chracateristic. How to visit a patient from a distance.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Sterpetti, A V"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329517", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515076, "title": "COVID-19 infection in pancreas transplant recipients.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Dube, Geoffrey K", "Husain, S Ali", "McCune, Kasi R", "Sandoval, P Rodrigo", "Ratner, Lloyd E", "Cohen, David J"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515076", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic since first being described in January 2020. Clinical manifestations in non-transplant patients range from asymptomatic infection to severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiorgan system failure and death. Limited reports in kidney transplant recipients suggest similar characteristics in that population. We report here the first case series of COVID-19 infection occurring in pancreas transplant recipients."}, {"pmid": 32433272, "pmcid": "PMC7273935", "title": "Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: The COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Khanna, Sahil", "Pardi, Darrell"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433272", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32191350, "pmcid": "PMC7228243", "title": "COVID-2019 and pregnancy: A plea for transparent reporting of all cases.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Lal, Amos", "Mishra, Ajay Kumar"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191350", "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413281, "pmcid": "PMC7252153", "title": "Avoiding indirect effects of COVID-19 on maternal and child health.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Menendez, Clara", "Gonzalez, Raquel", "Donnay, France", "Leke, Rose G F"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413281", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377638, "pmcid": "PMC7187729", "title": "Comorbid Chronic Diseases and Acute Organ Injuries Are Strongly Correlated with Disease Severity and Mortality among COVID-19 Patients: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "Research (Wash D C)", "authors": ["Wang, Xinhui", "Fang, Xuexian", "Cai, Zhaoxian", "Wu, Xiaotian", "Gao, Xiaotong", "Min, Junxia", "Wang, Fudi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377638", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of COVID-19 has been rapidly spreading on a global scale. To date, there is no specific vaccine against the causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, nor is there an effective medicine for treating COVID-19, thus raising concerns with respect to the effect of risk factors such as clinical course and pathophysiological parameters on disease severity and outcome in patients with COVID-19. By extracting and analyzing all available published clinical data, we identified several major clinical characteristics associated with increased disease severity and mortality among patients with COVID-19. Specifically, preexisting chronic conditions such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes are strongly associated with an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19; surprisingly, however, we found no correlation between chronic liver disease and increased disease severity. In addition, we found that both acute cardiac injury and acute kidney injury are highly correlated with an increased risk of COVID-19-related mortality. Given the high risk of comorbidity and the high mortality rate associated with tissue damage, organ function should be monitored closely in patients diagnosed with COVID-19, and this approach should be included when establishing new guidelines for managing these high-risk patients. Moreover, additional clinical data are needed in order to determine whether a supportive therapy can help mitigate the development of severe, potentially fatal complications, and further studies are needed to identify the pathophysiology and the mechanism underlying this novel coronavirus-associated infectious disease. Taken together, these findings provide new insights regarding clinical strategies for improving the management and outcome of patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32350871, "title": "Analysis of vaginal delivery outcomes among pregnant women in Wuhan, China during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Liao, Jing", "He, Xiaoyan", "Gong, Qing", "Yang, Lingyun", "Zhou, Chunhua", "Li, Jiafu"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350871", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To study vaginal delivery outcomes and neonatal prognosis and summarize the management of vaginal delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. A retrospective analysis of medical records and comparison of vaginal delivery outcomes between 10 pregnant women with clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 and 53 pregnant women without COVID-19 admitted to Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University between January 20 and March 2, 2020. Results of laboratory tests, imaging tests, and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid tests were also analyzed in neonates delivered by pregnant women with clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. There were no significant differences in gestational age, postpartum hemorrhage, and perineal resection rates between the two groups. There were no significant differences in birth weight of neonates and neonatal asphyxia rates between the two groups. Neonates delivered by pregnant women with clinical diagnosis of COVID-19 tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Under the premise of full evaluation of vaginal delivery conditions and strict protection measures, pregnant women with ordinary type COVID-19 can try vaginal delivery without exacerbation of COVID-19 and without increasing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates."}, {"pmid": 32343244, "title": "Estimates of the Potential Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sexual and Reproductive Health In Low- and Middle-Income Countries.", "journal": "Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health", "authors": ["Riley, Taylor", "Sully, Elizabeth", "Ahmed, Zara", "Biddlecom, Ann"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343244", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19 has spread rapidly since emerging in late 2019, leading the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare the disease a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Governments around the world have had to quickly adapt and respond to curb transmission of the virus and to provide care for the many who have been infected. The strain that the outbreak imposes on health systems will undoubtedly impact the sexual and reproductive health of individuals living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); however, sexual and reproductive health will also be affected by societal responses to the pandemic, such as local or national lockdowns that force health services to shut down if they are not deemed essential, as well as the consequences of physical distancing, travel restrictions and economic slowdowns."}, {"pmid": 32352224, "pmcid": "PMC7267350", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 virus and liver expression of host receptors: Putative mechanisms of liver involvement in COVID-19.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Pirola, Carlos J", "Sookoian, Silvia"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352224", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386838, "pmcid": "PMC7187857", "title": "Trauma service reorganization in Bologna (Italy) during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Injury", "authors": ["Di Martino, Alberto", "Faldini, Cesare"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386838", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469618, "title": "Protecting American Lungs and Reversing Youth Tobacco Epidemic Act.", "journal": "NASN Sch Nurse", "authors": ["Largent, Piper", "Mazyck, Donna"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469618", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Annually, the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) sets advocacy goals. The goals include legislative and policy priorities. This article sets forth current NASN legislative priorities and results of advocacy that benefits students. The NASN Board of Directors are instrumental in moving policy priorities forward. In addition, this article shares NASN advocacy during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32515045, "title": "In response to the letter of Montagud-Marrahi et al.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Marcault, Clemence", "Fodil, Sofiane", "Dupont, Thibault", "Darmon, Michael", "Azoulay, Elie"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515045", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with interest the correspondence from Montagud-Marrahi et al. putting forward that solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are not at higher risk of severe COVID-19 infection despite their immunosuppression and the mild or atypical nature of their symptoms in their Spanish cohort. In the recent literature, this population achieves a mortality rate between 20% and 52% when they become critically ill. Moreover, as innate immunity is altered by the infection, decreased doses of immunosuppressive drugs should be considered."}, {"pmid": 32412708, "title": "Compassionate Use of Remdesivir in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Wu, Jiayuan", "Wu, Bin", "Lai, Tianwen"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412708", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371574, "pmcid": "PMC7228486", "title": "Facial protection for healthcare workers during pandemics: a scoping review.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Garcia Godoy, Laura R", "Jones, Amy E", "Anderson, Taylor N", "Fisher, Cameron L", "Seeley, Kylie M L", "Beeson, Erynn A", "Zane, Hannah K", "Peterson, Jaime W", "Sullivan, Peter D"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371574", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages, requiring mask reuse or improvisation. We provide a review of medical-grade facial protection (surgical masks, N95 respirators and face shields) for healthcare workers, the safety and efficacy of decontamination methods, and the utility of alternative strategies in emergency shortages or resource-scarce settings. We conducted a scoping review of PubMed and grey literature related to facial protection and potential adaptation strategies in the setting of PPE shortages (January 2000 to March 2020). Limitations included few COVID-19-specific studies and exclusion of non-English language articles. We conducted a narrative synthesis of the evidence based on relevant healthcare settings to increase practical utility in decision-making. We retrieved 5462 peer-reviewed articles and 41 grey literature records. In total, we included 67 records which met inclusion criteria. Compared with surgical masks, N95 respirators perform better in laboratory testing, may provide superior protection in inpatient settings and perform equivalently in outpatient settings. Surgical mask and N95 respirator conservation strategies include extended use, reuse or decontamination, but these strategies may result in inferior protection. Limited evidence suggests that reused and improvised masks should be used when medical-grade protection is unavailable. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to critical shortages of medical-grade PPE. Alternative forms of facial protection offer inferior protection. More robust evidence is required on different types of medical-grade facial protection. As research on COVID-19 advances, investigators should continue to examine the impact on alternatives of medical-grade facial protection."}, {"pmid": 32315543, "pmcid": "PMC7258648", "title": "An Asymptomatic Patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Jingping", "Du, Yonghao", "Bai, Lu", "Pu, Jiantao", "Jin, Chenwang", "Yang, Jian", "Guo, Youmin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315543", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296046, "pmcid": "PMC7156806", "title": "COVID-19 and spinal cord injury and disease: results of an international survey.", "journal": "Spinal Cord Ser Cases", "authors": ["Stillman, Michael D", "Capron, Maclain", "Alexander, Marcalee", "Di Giusto, Melina Longoni", "Scivoletto, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296046", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An online survey. To query the international spinal cord medicine community's engagement with and response to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and to assess pandemic-specific information needs and patient concerns. An international collaboration of authors and participants. Two near-identical surveys (one English and one Spanish language) were distributed via the internet. Responses from those questions shared between the surveys were pooled then analyzed; four questions' responses (those not shared) were analyzed separately. A total of 783 responses were submitted from six continents. Few participants (5.8%) had tested their outpatients with SCI/D for COVID-19; only 4.4% reported having a patient with SCI/D with the virus. Of respondents who worked at an inpatient facility, 53.3% reported that only individuals with symptoms were being screened and 29.9% said that no screening was occurring. Participants relayed several concerns offered by their patients with SCI/D, including vulnerability to infection (76.9%) and fragility of caretaker supply (42%), and those living in countries with guaranteed health care were more likely to report widespread availability of COVID-19 testing than were those living in countries without universal care, \u03c72 (3, N\u2009=\u2009625)\u2009=\u200946.259, p\u2009<\u20090.001. There is substantial variability in the rehabilitation medicine community in COVID-19 screening practices and availability of screening kits. People living with SCI/D are expressing legitimate and real concerns about their vulnerability to COVID-19. More and rapid work is needed to address these concerns and to standardize best-practice protocols throughout the rehabilitation community."}, {"pmid": 32368885, "title": "Electrotherapy and electrophysiology procedures during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: an opinion of the Heart Rhythm Section of the Polish Cardiac Society (with an update).", "journal": "Kardiol Pol", "authors": ["Kempa, Maciej", "Gulaj, Marcin", "Farkowski, Michal M", "Przybylski, Andrzej", "Sterlinski, Maciej", "Mitkowski, Przemyslaw"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368885", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412606, "pmcid": "PMC7229533", "title": "Respiratory Parameters in Patients With COVID-19 After Using Noninvasive Ventilation in the Prone Position Outside the Intensive Care Unit.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Sartini, Chiara", "Tresoldi, Moreno", "Scarpellini, Paolo", "Tettamanti, Andrea", "Carco, Francesco", "Landoni, Giovanni", "Zangrillo, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412606", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32286947, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences in China and implications for its prevention and treatment worldwide.", "journal": "Curr Cancer Drug Targets", "authors": ["Liu, Ning-Ning", "Tan, Jing-Cong", "Li, Jingquan", "Li, Shenghui", "Cai, Yong", "Wang, Hui"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286947", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2 originally emerged in Wuhan in December, 2019. As of March 22, 2020, the disease had spread to 186 countries, with at least 305,275 confirmed cases. Although there has been a decline in the spread of the disease in China, the prevalence of COVID-19 around the world remains serious despite containment efforts undertaken by national authorities and the international community. In this article, we systematically review the brief history of COVID-19 and its epidemic and clinical characteristics, highlighting the strategies used to control and prevent the disease in China, which may help other countries respond to the outbreak. This pandemic emphasizes the need to be constantly alert to shifts in both the global dynamics and the contexts of individual countries, making sure that all are aware of which approaches are successful for the prevention, containment and treatment of new diseases, and being flexible enough to adapt the responses accordingly."}, {"pmid": 32325065, "pmcid": "PMC7169931", "title": "Management of upper GI bleeding in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Cavaliere, Kimberly", "Levine, Calley", "Wander, Praneet", "Sejpal, Divyesh V", "Trindade, Arvind J"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325065", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425713, "pmcid": "PMC7233240", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: Response plan by the Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare inpatient pharmacy department.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Arain, Savera", "Thalapparambath, Rajesh", "Al Ghamdi, Fuad Hamed"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425713", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic having caused a major health care crises across the globe.Pharmacy professionals are considered vital in preparation for optimal response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, in response to the estimated potential impact of COVID-19 on Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare (joint venture between Saudi Aramco and Johns Hopkins Medicine International), several initiatives were taken by the hospital's inpatient pharmacy department with focus on infection control, staffing, meeting clinical operational challenges, ethics, increased utilization of automation, and maintenance of employee wellness to prepare for this challenge. The plan implemented by the inpatient pharmacy department was prepared while incorporating information and recommendations from leading pharmacy organizations, ministry of health, institute's experience in battling another similar coronavirus (the Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus) previously, and updated scientific research. The key focus areas include development of an institutionalized COVID-19 protocol, measures to improve infection control when handling and dispensing medications, modified staffing plan, system changes in peri-operative areas, keeping pharmacy professionals updated about new and scientific researches, increased utilization of automation, clinical interventions by pharmacist ensuring appropriate utilization of medications while monitoring for drug-drug interactions, adverse drug event prevention, and preparing for handling drug shortages. By implementing a robust plan, pharmacy professionals continue to show that they are an integral member of inter-professional health care teams."}, {"pmid": 32096116, "pmcid": "PMC7056754", "title": "The Risk and Prevention of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Infections Among Inpatients in Psychiatric Hospitals.", "journal": "Neurosci Bull", "authors": ["Zhu, Yuncheng", "Chen, Liangliang", "Ji, Haifeng", "Xi, Maomao", "Fang, Yiru", "Li, Yi"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32096116", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32144116, "pmcid": "PMC7164386", "title": "The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Chinazzi, Matteo", "Davis, Jessica T", "Ajelli, Marco", "Gioannini, Corrado", "Litvinova, Maria", "Merler, Stefano", "Pastore Y Piontti, Ana", "Mu, Kunpeng", "Rossi, Luca", "Sun, Kaiyuan", "Viboud, Cecile", "Xiong, Xinyue", "Yu, Hongjie", "Halloran, M Elizabeth", "Longini, Ira M Jr", "Vespignani, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32144116", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Motivated by the rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in mainland China, we use a global metapopulation disease transmission model to project the impact of travel limitations on the national and international spread of the epidemic. The model is calibrated on the basis of internationally reported cases and shows that, at the start of the travel ban from Wuhan on 23 January 2020, most Chinese cities had already received many infected travelers. The travel quarantine of Wuhan delayed the overall epidemic progression by only 3 to 5 days in mainland China but had a more marked effect on the international scale, where case importations were reduced by nearly 80% until mid-February. Modeling results also indicate that sustained 90% travel restrictions to and from mainland China only modestly affect the epidemic trajectory unless combined with a 50% or higher reduction of transmission in the community."}, {"pmid": 32426076, "pmcid": "PMC7229938", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection may mask another infection.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Leon, A", "Debry, C", "Renaud, M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426076", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531713, "title": "Neutrophil to CD4+ lymphocyte ratio as a potential biomarker in predicting virus negative conversion time in COVID-19.", "journal": "Int Immunopharmacol", "authors": ["Wang, Haizhou", "Zhang, Yongxi", "Mo, Pingzheng", "Liu, Jing", "Wang, Hongling", "Wang, Fan", "Zhao, Qiu"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531713", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, and rapidly spread throughout China. Our study aimed to evaluate the robustness of neutrophil to CD4+ lymphocyte ratio (NCD4LR) in predicting the negative conversion time (NCT) of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients. Univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted to evaluate the independency of NCD4LR in predicting NCT. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and area under the curve (AUC) were used to assess the diagnostic accuracy. Compared with low NCD4LR patients, patients with high NCD4LR had an older age; higher incidence of fever, fatigue, chest distress/breath shortness, severer disease assessment on admission; higher levels of inflammatory indicators; low levels of lymphocyte subsets, and a longer NCT. Multivariate analysis also identified NCD4LR as an independent risk factor for delayed NCT. ROC analysis showed that NCD4LR had a better performance than neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in predicting the virus negative conversion within 2\u00a0weeks (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.772), 3\u00a0weeks (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.710), 4\u00a0weeks (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.728), or 5\u00a0weeks (AUC\u00a0=\u00a00.815). This study suggests that NCD4LR is a potential and useful biomarker for predicting the virus negative conversion time in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, due to the NCDLR value is easily calculated, it can be widely used as a clinical biomarker for disease progression and clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32118533, "pmcid": "PMC7258480", "title": "COVID-19 in 2 Persons with Mild Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms on a Cruise Ship, Japan.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Arashiro, Takeshi", "Furukawa, Keiichi", "Nakamura, Akira"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118533", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe 2 cases of coronavirus disease in patients with mild upper respiratory symptoms. Both patients worked on a cruise ship quarantined off the coast of Japan. One patient had persistent, low-grade upper respiratory tract symptoms without fever. The other patient had rapid symptom cessation but persistent viral RNA detection."}, {"pmid": 32519963, "title": "Mental Health and Behavior During the Early Phases of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Mobile Smartphone and Ecological Momentary Assessment Study in College Students.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Huckins, Jeremy F", "DaSilva, Alex W", "Wang, Weichen", "Hedlund, Elin", "Rogers, Courtney", "Nepal, Subigya K", "Wu, Jialing", "Obuchi, Mikio", "Murphy, Eilis I", "Meyer, Meghan L", "Wagner, Dylan D", "Holtzheimer, Paul E", "Campbell, Andrew T"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519963", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Worldwide, the vast majority of people have been impacted by COVID-19. While millions of individuals have become infected, billions of individuals have been asked or required by local and national governments to change their behavioral patterns. Previous research on epidemics or traumatic events suggest this can lead to profound behavioral and mental health changes, but rarely are researchers able to track these changes with frequent, near real-time sampling or compare these to previous years of data on the same individuals. We seek to answer two overarching questions by combining mobile phone sensing and self-reported mental health data among college students participating in a longitudinal study for the past two years. First, have behaviors and mental health changed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic as compared to previous time periods within the same participants? Second, did behavior and mental health changes track the relative news coverage of COVID-19 in the US media? Behaviors such as the number of locations visited, distance traveled, duration of phone usage, number of phone unlocks, sleep duration and sedentary time were measured using the StudentLife mobile smartphone sensing app. Depression and anxiety were assessed using weekly self-reported Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMAs) of the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4). Participants were 217 undergraduate students, with 178 students having data during the Winter 2020 term. Differences in behaviors and self-reported mental health collected during the Winter 2020 term (the term in which the coronavirus pandemic started), as compared to previous terms in the same cohort, were modeled using mixed linear models. During the initial COVID-19 impacted academic term (Winter 2020), individuals were more sedentary and reported increased anxiety and depression symptoms (P<.001), relative to the previous academic terms and subsequent academic breaks. Interactions between the Winter 2020 term and week of academic term (linear and quadratic) were significant. In a mixed linear model, phone usage, number of locations visited, and week of the term, were strongly associated with increased coronavirus-related news. When mental health metrics (e.g., depression and anxiety) were added to the previous measures (week of term, number of locations visited, and phone usage), both anxiety (P<.001) and depression (P=.029) were significantly associated with coronavirus-related news. Compared with prior academic terms, individuals in Winter 2020 were more sedentary, anxious, and depressed. A wide variety of behaviors, including increased phone usage, decreased physical activity, and fewer locations visited, are associated with fluctuations in COVID-19 news reporting. While this large-scale shift in mental health and behavior is unsurprising, its characterization is particularly important to help guide the development of methods that could reduce the impact of future catastrophic events on the mental health of the population. "}, {"pmid": 32335706, "pmcid": "PMC7183390", "title": "CT, [(18)F]FDG-PET/CT and clinical findings before and during early Covid-19 onset in a patient affected by vascular tumour.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Kirienko, Margarita", "Padovano, Barbara", "Serafini, Gianluca", "Marchiano, Alfonso", "Gronchi, Alessandro", "Seregni, Ettore", "Alessi, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335706", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462695, "title": "Coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens in COVID-19 patients in Guangzhou, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Zheng-Tu", "Chen, Zhao-Ming", "Chen, Ling-Dan", "Zhan, Yang-Qing", "Li, Shao-Qiang", "Cheng, Jing", "Zhu, Ai-Ru", "Chen, Li-Yan", "Zhong, Nan-Shan", "Li, Shi-Yue", "Lu, Wen-Ju", "Ye, Feng"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462695", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously provisionally named 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV) disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 has caused a global pandemic and remains as a major public health issue This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32344425, "title": "The Doctor's Dilemma: lessons from GB Shaw in a modern pandemic COVID-19.", "journal": "Pediatr Res", "authors": ["Molloy, Eleanor J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344425", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current COVID 19 pandemic, the only treatments are supportive as no definitive pharmacological intervention is available. The heterogeneity of the immune response in different patient groups is clear with less severe illness in children. Understanding these disparities is particularly important as severely affected patients with COVID19 cannot always be predicted before they experience a cytokine storm and multiorgan dysfunction. Over 100 years ago, the concept of individualised immunotherapy was introduced by Sir Almroth Wright and immortalised in GB Shaw's play The Doctor's Dilemma. Shaw's play The Doctor's Dilemma explores the issues of private medical practice, equality of health care delivery, rationing of scarce resources (intensive care) and high-risk therapies. The play also describes the dilemma of rationing of resources and selecting the correct patient for new experimental therapies. Immunological theories of the time are now reflected in current understanding of inflammatory responses in sepsis and immunomodulation during the COVID19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32171869, "pmcid": "PMC7102530", "title": "Clinical progression of patients with COVID-19 in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Jun", "Qi, Tangkai", "Liu, Li", "Ling, Yun", "Qian, Zhiping", "Li, Tao", "Li, Feng", "Xu, Qingnian", "Zhang, Yuyi", "Xu, Shuibao", "Song, Zhigang", "Zeng, Yigang", "Shen, Yinzhong", "Shi, Yuxin", "Zhu, Tongyu", "Lu, Hongzhou"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171869", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Studies on the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have generally been limited to the description of the epidemiology and initial clinical characteristics. We investigated the temporal progression in patients with COVID-19. In this retrospective, single-center study, we included confirmed cases of COVID-19 from Jan 20 to Feb 6, 2020 in Shanghai. Final date of follow-up was February 25, 2020. Of the 249 patients enrolled, the median age was 51 years old, and 126 (50.6%) were male. The duration from onset of symptoms to hospitalization was 4(2-7) days in symptomatic patients. Fever was occurred in 235(94.3%) patients. A total of 215 (86.3%) patients had been discharged after 16(12-20) days hospitalization. The estimated median duration of fever in all the patients with fever was 10 days (95 confidential intervals [CIs]: 8-11 days) after onset of symptoms. Patients who were transferred to intensive care units (ICU) had significantly longer duration of fever as compared to those not in ICU (31 days v.s. 9 days after onset of symptoms, respectively, P\u00a0<0.0001). Radiological aggravation of initial image was observed in 163 (65.7%) patients on day 7 after onset of symptoms. 154(94.5%) of these patients showed radiological improvement on day 14. The median duration to negative reverse-transcriptase PCR tests of upper respiratory tract samples was 11 days (95 CIs: 10-12 days). Viral clearance was more likely to be delayed in patients in ICU than those not in ICU (P\u00a0<0.0001). In multivariate logistical analysis, age (Odds ratio [OR]\u202f=\u202f1.06) and CD4 T cell count (OR\u202f=\u202f0.55 per 100 cells/ul increase) were independently associated with ICU admission. The majority of COVID-19 cases are mild. The clinical progression pattern suggests that early control of viral replication and application of host-directed therapy in later stage is essential to improve the prognosis of CVOID-19."}, {"pmid": 32330593, "pmcid": "PMC7172854", "title": "A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Chew, Nicholas W S", "Lee, Grace K H", "Tan, Benjamin Y Q", "Jing, Mingxue", "Goh, Yihui", "Ngiam, Nicholas J H", "Yeo, Leonard L L", "Ahmad, Aftab", "Ahmed Khan, Faheem", "Napolean Shanmugam, Ganesh", "Sharma, Arvind K", "Komalkumar, R N", "Meenakshi, P V", "Shah, Kenam", "Patel, Bhargesh", "Chan, Bernard P L", "Sunny, Sibi", "Chandra, Bharatendu", "Ong, Jonathan J Y", "Paliwal, Prakash R", "Wong, Lily Y H", "Sagayanathan, Renarebecca", "Chen, Jin Tao", "Ying Ng, Alison Ying", "Teoh, Hock Luen", "Tsivgoulis, Georgios", "Ho, Cyrus S", "Ho, Roger C", "Sharma, Vijay K"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330593", "countries": ["Singapore", "India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the declaration of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as pandemic, there are reports on the increased prevalence of physical symptoms observed in the general population. We investigated the association between psychological outcomes and physical symptoms among healthcare workers. Healthcare workers from 5 major hospitals, involved in the care for COVID-19 patients, in Singapore and India were invited to participate in a study by performing a self-administered questionnaire within the period of February 19 to April 17, 2020. Healthcare workers included doctors, nurses, allied healthcare workers, administrators, clerical staff and maintenance workers. This questionnaire collected information on demographics, medical history, symptom prevalence in the past month, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21) and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) instrument. The prevalence of physical symptoms displayed by healthcare workers and the associations between physical symptoms and psychological outcomes of depression, anxiety, stress, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) were evaluated. Out of the 906 healthcare workers who participated in the survey, 48 (5.3%) screened positive for moderate to very-severe depression, 79 (8.7%) for moderate to extremely-severe anxiety, 20 (2.2%) for moderate to extremely-severe stress, and 34 (3.8%) for moderate to severe levels of psychological distress. The commonest reported symptom was headache (32.3%), with a large number of participants (33.4%) reporting more than four symptoms. Participants who had experienced symptoms in the preceding month were more likely to be older, have pre-existing comorbidities and a positive screen for depression, anxiety, stress, and PTSD. After adjusting for age, gender and comorbidities, it was found that depression (OR 2.79, 95% CI 1.54-5.07, p\u00a0=\u00a00.001), anxiety (OR 2.18, 95% CI 1.36-3.48, p\u00a0=\u00a00.001), stress (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.27-7.41, p\u00a0=\u00a00.13), and PTSD (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.12-4.35, p\u00a0=\u00a00.023) remained significantly associated with the presence of physical symptoms experienced in the preceding month. Linear regression revealed that the presence of physical symptoms was associated with higher mean scores in the IES-R, DASS Anxiety, Stress and Depression subscales. Our study demonstrates a significant association between the prevalence of physical symptoms and psychological outcomes among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. We postulate that this association may be bi-directional, and that timely psychological interventions for healthcare workers with physical symptoms should be considered once an infection has been excluded."}, {"pmid": 32426067, "pmcid": "PMC7229912", "title": "Letter to the Editor Regarding \"Implementation and Workflow of a Telehealth Clinic in Neurosurgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic\".", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Glauser, Gregory", "Wathen, Connor", "Miranda, Stephen P", "Blue, Rachel", "Dimentberg, Ryan", "Welch, William C", "Lee, John Y K", "Malhotra, Neil R"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426067", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323101, "pmcid": "PMC7175818", "title": "Safer intubation and extubation of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Asenjo, Juan Francisco"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323101", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412551, "pmcid": "PMC7221329", "title": "Extracting Possibly Representative COVID-19 Biomarkers from X-ray Images with Deep Learning Approach and Image Data Related to Pulmonary Diseases.", "journal": "J Med Biol Eng", "authors": ["Apostolopoulos, Ioannis D", "Aznaouridis, Sokratis I", "Tzani, Mpesiana A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412551", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the spread of COVID-19 is increased, new, automatic, and reliable methods for accurate detection are essential to reduce the exposure of the medical experts to the outbreak. X-ray imaging, although limited to specific visualizations, may be helpful for the diagnosis. In this study, the problem of automatic classification of pulmonary diseases, including the recently emerged COVID-19, from X-ray images, is considered. Deep Learning has proven to be a remarkable method to extract massive high-dimensional features from medical images. Specifically, in this paper, the state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Network called Mobile Net is employed and trained from scratch to investigate the importance of the extracted features for the classification task. A large-scale dataset of 3905 X-ray images, corresponding to 6 diseases, is utilized for training MobileNet v2, which has been proven to achieve excellent results in related tasks. Training the CNNs from scratch outperforms the other transfer learning techniques, both in distinguishing the X-rays between the seven classes and between Covid-19 and non-Covid-19. A classification accuracy between the seven classes of 87.66% is achieved. Besides, this method achieves 99.18% accuracy, 97.36% Sensitivity, and 99.42% Specificity in the detection of COVID-19. The results suggest that training CNNs from scratch may reveal vital biomarkers related but not limited to the COVID-19 disease, while the top classification accuracy suggests further examination of the X-ray imaging potential."}, {"pmid": 32427202, "pmcid": "PMC7229875", "title": "COVID-19 Super-spreaders: Definitional Quandaries and Implications.", "journal": "Asian Bioeth Rev", "authors": ["Cave, Emma"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427202", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Uncertainty around the role 'super-spreaders' play in the transmission and escalation of infectious disease is compounded by its broad and vague definition. It is a term that has been much used in relation to COVID-19, particularly in social media. On its widest definition, it refers to a propensity to infect a larger than average number of people. Given the biological, behavioural and environmental variables relevant to infectivity, this might be pertinent to almost any infected individual who is not physically isolated from others. Nor is the term confined to individuals with a propensity to spread infectious disease: it can potentially be used to describe events, policies or settings. This article explores the use of the term and considers circumstances in which the wide definition can be problematic. One problem is that it can lead to undeserved apportionment of moral blame to alleged super-spreaders. Another is that it can detract from scientific investigation of the heterogeneity of COVID-19 transmission. The author calls for a clearer epidemiological definition."}, {"pmid": 32225175, "title": "Structural basis of receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Shang, Jian", "Ye, Gang", "Shi, Ke", "Wan, Yushun", "Luo, Chuming", "Aihara, Hideki", "Geng, Qibin", "Auerbach, Ashley", "Li, Fang"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32225175", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) recently emerged and is rapidly spreading in humans, causing COVID-191,2. A key to tackling this pandemic is to understand the receptor recognition mechanism of the virus, which regulates its infectivity, pathogenesis and host range. SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV recognize the same receptor-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-in humans3,4. Here we determined the crystal structure of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (engineered to facilitate crystallization) in complex with ACE2. In comparison with the SARS-CoV RBD, an ACE2-binding ridge in SARS-CoV-2 RBD has a more compact conformation; moreover, several residue changes in the SARS-CoV-2 RBD stabilize two virus-binding hotspots at the RBD-ACE2 interface. These structural features of SARS-CoV-2 RBD increase its ACE2-binding affinity. Additionally, we show that RaTG13, a bat coronavirus that is closely related to SARS-CoV-2, also uses human ACE2 as its receptor. The differences among SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and RaTG13 in ACE2 recognition shed light on the potential animal-to-human transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This study provides guidance for intervention strategies that target receptor recognition by SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32449751, "title": "Sickness absence in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Gohar, Basem", "Lariviere, Michel", "Nowrouzi-Kia, Behdin"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449751", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492695, "title": "Does the newly observed inflammatory syndrome in children demonstrate a link between uncontrolled neutrophil extracellular traps formation and COVID-19?", "journal": "Pediatr Res", "authors": ["Thierry, Alain R"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492695", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317217, "pmcid": "PMC7158784", "title": "Role of thymopoiesis and inflamm-aging in COVID-19 phenotype.", "journal": "Pediatr Neonatol", "authors": ["Scarpa, Raffaele", "Costa, Luisa", "Del Puente, Antonio", "Caso, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317217", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242829, "title": "One disease, different features: COVID-19 laboratory and radiological findings in three Italian patients.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Tosato, Francesca", "Giraudo, Chiara", "Pelloso, Michela", "Musso, Giulia", "Piva, Elisa", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242829", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32182811, "pmcid": "PMC7084373", "title": "Reverse Logistics Network Design for Effective Management of Medical Waste in Epidemic Outbreaks: Insights from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in Wuhan (China).", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Yu, Hao", "Sun, Xu", "Solvang, Wei Deng", "Zhao, Xu"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32182811", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of an epidemic disease may pose significant treats to human beings and may further lead to a global crisis. In order to control the spread of an epidemic, the effective management of rapidly increased medical waste through establishing a temporary reverse logistics system is of vital importance. However, no research has been conducted with the focus on the design of an epidemic reverse logistics network for dealing with medical waste during epidemic outbreaks, which, if improperly treated, may accelerate disease spread and pose a significant risk for both medical staffs and patients. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel multi-objective multi-period mixed integer program for reverse logistics network design in epidemic outbreaks, which aims at determining the best locations of temporary facilities and the transportation strategies for effective management of the exponentially increased medical waste within a very short period. The application of the model is illustrated with a case study based on the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Even though the uncertainty of the future COVID-19 spread tendency is very high at the time of this research, several general policy recommendations can still be obtained based on computational experiments and quantitative analyses. Among other insights, the results suggest installing temporary incinerators may be an effective solution for managing the tremendous increase of medical waste during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, but the location selection of these temporary incinerators is of significant importance. Due to the limitation on available data and knowledge at present stage, more real-world information are needed to assess the effectiveness of the current solution."}, {"pmid": 32404178, "pmcid": "PMC7218503", "title": "Prioritizing vulnerable populations and women on the frontlines: COVID-19 in humanitarian contexts.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Sharma, Vandana", "Scott, Jennifer", "Kelly, Jocelyn", "VanRooyen, Michael J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404178", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has been declared a global pandemic and cases are being reported among displaced populations that are particularly vulnerable to infection. Humanitarian workers on the frontlines of the response are working in some of the most challenging contexts and also face elevated risk of contracting COVID-19 and potential stigmatization or violence in the community. Women humanitarians may be at even greater risk, but their protection is dependent on organization-specific policies and procedures. Without gender balance in leadership positions, the specific needs of women may not be prioritized and women may not be included in decision-making or design of responses. Ensuring gender equitable access to personal protective equipment and information is imperative, but additional measures must be put into place to ensure the protection of women on the frontlines while reducing COVID-19 deaths and adverse health effects among displaced populations."}, {"pmid": 32437587, "title": "COVID-19 vaccines: knowing the unknown.", "journal": "Eur J Immunol", "authors": ["Lv, Huibin", "Wu, Nicholas C", "Mok, Chris K P"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437587", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2 has drawn attention around the globe due to the exploding pandemic. Although COVID-19 is caused by a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, previous research on other coronavirus vaccines, such as FIPV, SARS and MERS, has provided valuable information for the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccine. However, important knowledge gaps remain - some are specific to SARS-CoV-2, others are fundamental to immunology and vaccinology. Here we discuss areas that need to be addressed for COVID-19 vaccine development, and what can be learned from examples of vaccine development in the past. Since the beginning of the outbreak, the research progress on COVID-19 has been remarkable. We are therefore optimistic about the rapid development of COVID-19 vaccine. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32386444, "pmcid": "PMC7272825", "title": "Kidney transplantation and the lockdown effect.", "journal": "Transpl Int", "authors": ["Bellini, Maria Irene", "Tortorici, Francesco", "Capogni, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386444", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32106462, "pmcid": "PMC7143804", "title": "Disposable DNA Amplification Chips with Integrated Low-Cost Heaters.", "journal": "Micromachines (Basel)", "authors": ["Veltkamp, Henk-Willem", "Akegawa Monteiro, Fernanda", "Sanders, Remco", "Wiegerink, Remco", "Lotters, Joost"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32106462", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fast point-of-use detection of, for example, early-stage zoonoses, e.g., Q-fever, bovine tuberculosis, or the Covid-19 coronavirus, is beneficial for both humans and animal husbandry as it can save lives and livestock. The latter prevents farmers from going bankrupt after a zoonoses outbreak. This paper describes the development of a fabrication process and the proof-of-principle of a disposable DNA amplification chip with an integrated heater. Based on the analysis of the milling process, metal adhesion studies, and COMSOL MultiPhysics heat transfer simulations, the first batch of chips has been fabricated and successful multiple displacement amplification reactions are performed inside these chips. This research is the first step towards the development of an early-stage zoonoses detection device. Tests with real zoonoses and DNA specific amplification reactions still need to be done."}, {"pmid": 32348743, "pmcid": "PMC7194835", "title": "Screening all pregnant women admitted to labor and delivery for the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Vintzileos, William S", "Muscat, Jolene", "Hoffmann, Eva", "John, Nicole S", "Vertichio, Rosanne", "Vintzileos, Anthony M", "Vo, Duc"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348743", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516161, "title": "COVID-19 epidemic in the Seine-Saint-Denis Department of Greater Paris: one month and three waves for a tsunami.", "journal": "Eur J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Lapostolle, Frederic", "Goix, Laurent", "Vianu, Isabelle", "Chanzy, Erick", "De Stefano, Carla", "Gorlicki, Judith", "Petrovic, Tomislav", "Adnet, Frederic"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516161", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Worldwide, the COVID-19 epidemic has put health systems to the test. The excess mortality is partly due to the influx of patients requiring hospitalization and intensive care. We propose that the chronology of epidemic spread gives a window of time in which hospitals can act to prevent reaching capacity. The out-of-hospital SAMU Emergency Medical System in an entry point into the French health care system. We recorded the number of patients managed, of patients transferred to emergency departments (ED), and of mobile intensive care units (MICUs) dispatched. Each criterion was compared to the mean of the same criterion over the previous 5 years. The alert threshold which indicated a public health crisis was defined as a 20% increase compared to the 5-year mean. The reference period, from January 2015 to December 2019, included 3 381 611 calls, and 1 137 856 patients. The study period, from 17 February to 28 March 2020, included 166 888 calls, and 56 708 patients. The daily numbers of patients managed crossed the threshold on February 25, and increased until the end of the study period. The daily number of patients transferred to ED crossed the threshold on March 16, and increased until the end of the period. The daily number of MICUs dispatched crossed the threshold on March 15, and increased until the end of the period. The COVID-19 epidemic reached our department in three consecutive waves which overwhelmed the health care system. The first wave preceded by 30 days the massive arrival of critical patients. Health care systems must take advantage of this delay to prepare for the third wave."}, {"pmid": 32442421, "pmcid": "PMC7237371", "title": "Septic shock presentation in adolescents with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Dallan, Cecilia", "Romano, Fabrizio", "Siebert, Johan", "Politi, Sofia", "Lacroix, Laurence", "Sahyoun, Cyril"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442421", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336661, "pmcid": "PMC7166035", "title": "Is there evidence of intra-uterine vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 infection in samples tested by quantitative RT-PCR?", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Cheruiyot, Isaac", "Henry, Brandon Michael", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336661", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416947, "pmcid": "PMC7158767", "title": "Covid-19 pandemic and digital transformation in critical care units.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Murillo-Cabezas, Francisco", "Vigil-Martin, Eduardo", "Raimondi, Nestor", "Perez-Fernandez, Javier"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416947", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526208, "title": "Structural Basis for RNA Replication by the SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Wang, Quan", "Wu, Jiqin", "Wang, Haofeng", "Gao, Yan", "Liu, Qiaojie", "Mu, An", "Ji, Wenxin", "Yan, Liming", "Zhu, Yan", "Zhu, Chen", "Fang, Xiang", "Yang, Xiaobao", "Huang, Yucen", "Gao, Hailong", "Liu, Fengjiang", "Ge, Ji", "Sun, Qianqian", "Yang, Xiuna", "Xu, Wenqing", "Liu, Zhijie", "Yang, Haitao", "Lou, Zhiyong", "Jiang, Biao", "Guddat, Luke W", "Gong, Peng", "Rao, Zihe"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526208", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nucleotide analog inhibitors, including broad-spectrum remdesivir and favipiravir, have shown promise in in\u00a0vitro assays and some clinical studies for COVID-19 treatment, this despite an incomplete mechanistic understanding of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase nsp12 drug interactions. Here, we examine the molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA replication by determining the cryo-EM structures of the stalled pre- and post- translocated polymerase complexes. Compared with the apo complex, the structures show notable structural rearrangements happening to nsp12 and its co-factors nsp7 and nsp8 to accommodate the nucleic acid, whereas there are highly conserved residues in nsp12, positioning the template and primer for an in-line attack on the incoming nucleotide. Furthermore, we investigate the inhibition mechanism of the triphosphate metabolite of remdesivir through structural and kinetic analyses. A transition model from the nsp7-nsp8 hexadecameric primase complex to the nsp12-nsp7-nsp8 polymerase complex is also proposed to provide clues for the understanding of the coronavirus transcription and replication machinery."}, {"pmid": 32341774, "pmcid": "PMC7174024", "title": "Correction: Contributions and challenges of general practitioners in China fighting against the novel coronavirus crisis.", "journal": "Fam Med Community Health", "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341774", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1136/fmch-2020-000361.]."}, {"pmid": 32204753, "title": "[An interpretation on perinatal and neonatal management plan for prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2nd Edition)].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, Lai-Shuan", "Hu, Xiao-Jing", "Zhou, Wen-Hao"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32204753", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection continues so far. The cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported in pregnant women and neonates as special groups. Perinatal and neonatal management plan for prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection (2nd Edition) has been worked out by the Editorial Committee of Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics. This paper presents an interpretation on the 2nd Edition of the management plan, so as to facilitate readers to better understand it."}, {"pmid": 32218301, "pmcid": "PMC7180491", "title": "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel (thio)semicarbazone-Based Benzimidazoles as Antiviral Agents against Human Respiratory Viruses.", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Francesconi, Valeria", "Cichero, Elena", "Schenone, Silvia", "Naesens, Lieve", "Tonelli, Michele"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218301", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory RNA viruses are responsible for recurrent acute respiratory illnesses that still represent a major medical need. Previously we developed a large variety of benzimidazole derivatives able to inhibit these viruses. Herein, two series of (thio)semicarbazone- and hydrazone-based benzimidazoles have been explored, by derivatizing 5-acetyl benzimidazoles previously reported by us, thereby evaluating the influence of the modification on the antiviral activity. Compounds 6, 8, 16 and 17, bearing the 5-(thio)semicarbazone and 5-hydrazone functionalities in combination with the 2-benzyl ring on the benzimidazole core structure, acted as dual inhibitors of influenza A virus and human coronavirus. For respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), activity is limited to the 5-thiosemicarbazone (25) and 5-hydrazone (22) compounds carrying the 2-[(benzotriazol-1/2-yl)methyl]benzimidazole scaffold. These molecules proved to be the most effective antiviral agents, able to reach the potency profile of the licensed drug ribavirin. The molecular docking analysis explained the SAR of these compounds around their binding mode to the target RSV F protein, revealing the key contacts for further assessment. The herein-investigated benzimidazole-based derivatives may represent valuable hit compounds, deserving subsequent structural improvements towards more efficient antiviral agents for the treatment of pathologies caused by these human respiratory viruses."}, {"pmid": 31992543, "title": "The coronavirus outbreak: the central role of primary care in emergency preparedness and response.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Dunlop, Catherine", "Howe, Amanda", "Li, Donald", "Allen, Luke N"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31992543", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395100, "pmcid": "PMC7206509", "title": "COVID-19 lockdown and the tobacco product ban in South Africa.", "journal": "Tob Induc Dis", "authors": ["Egbe, Catherine O", "Ngobese, Senamile P"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395100", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467156, "title": "Emergency department 'outbreak rostering' to meet challenges of COVID-19.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Chua, Wei Lin Tallie", "Quah, Li Juan Joy", "Shen, Yuzeng", "Zakaria, Diana", "Wan, Paul Weng", "Tan, Kenneth", "Wong, Evelyn"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467156", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has posed unique challenges to the emergency department rostering. Additional infection control, the possibility of quarantine of staff and minimising contact among staff have significant impact on the work of doctors in the emergency department. Infection of a single healthcare worker may require quarantine of close contacts at work. This may thus affect a potentially large number of staff. As such, we developed an Outbreak Response Roster. This Outbreak Response Roster had fixed teams of doctors working in rotation, each team that staff the emergency department in turn. Members within teams remained constant and were near equally balanced in terms of manpower and seniority of doctors. Each team worked fixed 12\u2009hours shifts with as no overlapping of staff or staggering of shifts. Handovers between shifts were kept as brief as possible. All these were measures to limit interactions among healthcare workers. With the implementation of the roster, measures were also taken to bolster the psychological wellness of healthcare workers. With face-to-face contact limited, we also had to maintain clear, open channels for communication through technology and continue educating residents through innovative means."}, {"pmid": 32229705, "pmcid": "PMC7202545", "title": "Geroprotective and senoremediative strategies to reduce the comorbidity, infection rates, severity, and lethality in gerophilic and gerolavic infections.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Zhavoronkov, Alex"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229705", "countries": ["Greece"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recently identified SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic has uncovered the age-associated vulnerability in the burden of disease and put aging research in the spotlight. The limited data available indicates that COVID-19 should be referred to as a gerolavic (from Greek, g\u00e9ros \"old man\" and epilav\u00eds, \"harmful\") infection because the infection rates, severity, and lethality are substantially higher in the population aged 60 and older. This is primarily due to comorbidity but may be partially due to immunosenescence, decreased immune function in the elderly, and general loss of function, fitness, and increased frailty associated with aging. Immunosenescence is a major factor affecting vaccination response, as well as the severity and lethality of infectious diseases. While vaccination reduces infection rates, and therapeutic interventions reduce the severity and lethality of infections, these interventions have limitations. Previous studies showed that postulated geroprotectors, such as sirolimus (rapamycin) and its close derivative rapalog everolimus (RAD001), decreased infection rates in a small sample of elderly patients. This article presents a review of the limited literature available on geroprotective and senoremediative interventions that may be investigated to decrease the disease burden of gerolavic infections. This article also highlights a need for rigorous clinical validation of deep aging clocks as surrogate markers of biological age. These could be used to assess the need for, and efficacy of, geroprotective and senoremediative interventions and provide better protection for elderly populations from gerolavic infections. This article does not represent medical advice and the medications described are not yet licensed or recommended as immune system boosters, as they have not undergone clinical evaluation for this purpose."}, {"pmid": 32450925, "pmcid": "PMC7261961", "title": "Global imperative to combat stigma associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Li, Wen", "Yang, Yuan", "Ng, Chee H", "Zhang, Ling", "Zhang, Qinge", "Cheung, Teris", "Xiang, Yu-Tao"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450925", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295793, "title": "To monitor the COVID-19 pandemic we need better quality primary care data.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["de Lusignan, Simon", "Williams, John"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295793", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303837, "pmcid": "PMC7163169", "title": "Multiple sclerosis and the risk of infection: considerations in the threat of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Willis, M D", "Robertson, N P"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303837", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402107, "pmcid": "PMC7272828", "title": "Letter: low population mortality from COVID-19 in countries south of latitude 35 degrees North supports vitamin D as a factor determining severity.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Mansur, Jose L"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402107", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405158, "pmcid": "PMC7218369", "title": "Reduced Fractionation in Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Curative-intent Radiotherapy during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Faivre-Finn, C", "Fenwick, J D", "Franks, K N", "Harrow, S", "Hatton, M Q F", "Hiley, C", "McAleese, J J", "McDonald, F", "O'Hare, J", "Peedell, C", "Powell, C", "Pope, T", "Rulach, R", "Toy, E"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405158", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475764, "pmcid": "PMC7251355", "title": "An updated meta-analysis of AST and ALT levels and the mortality of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Wang, Ying", "Shi, Li", "Wang, Yadong", "Yang, Haiyan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475764", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353724, "pmcid": "PMC7195330", "title": "Association between climate variables and global transmission oF SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Sobral, Marcos Felipe Falcao", "Duarte, Gisleia Benini", "da Penha Sobral, Ana Iza Gomes", "Marinho, Marcelo Luiz Monteiro", "de Souza Melo, Andre"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353724", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, we aimed at analyzing the associations between transmission of and deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2 and meteorological variables, such as average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and precipitation. Two outcome measures were considered, with the first aiming to study SARS-CoV-2 infections and the second aiming to study COVID-19 mortality. Daily data as well as data on SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 mortality obtained between December 1, 2019 and March 28, 2020 were collected from weather stations around the world. The country's population density and time of exposure to the disease were used as control variables. Finally, a month dummy variable was added. Daily data by country were analyzed using the panel data model. An increase in the average daily temperature by one degree Fahrenheit reduced the number of cases by approximately 6.4 cases/day. There was a negative correlation between the average temperature per country and the number of cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections. This association remained strong even with the incorporation of additional variables and controls (maximum temperature, average temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation) and fixed country effects. There was a positive correlation between precipitation and SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Countries with higher rainfall measurements showed an increase in disease transmission. For each average inch/day, there was an increase of 56.01 cases/day. COVID-19 mortality showed no significant association with temperature."}, {"pmid": 32451729, "pmcid": "PMC7247779", "title": "Corticosteroid treatment in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: two cases and literature review.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Dai, Jinghong", "Xiong, Yali", "Li, Hui", "Qian, Yajun", "Xu, Ying", "Xu, Qingqing", "Yan, Xin", "Tang, Jian"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451729", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, firstly reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, has rapidly spread around the world with high mortality rate among critically ill patients. The use of corticosteroids in COVID-19 remains a major controversy. Available evidences are inconclusive. According to WHO guidance, corticosteroids are not recommended to be used unless for another reason. Chinese Thoracic Society (CTS) proposes an expert consensus statement that suggests taking a prudent attitude of corticosteroid usage. In our clinical practice, we do not use corticosteroids routinely; only low-to-moderate doses of corticosteroids were given to several severely ill patients prudently. In this paper, we will present two confirmed severe COVID-19 cases admitted to isolation wards in Optical Valley Campus of Tongji hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology. We will discuss questions related to corticosteroids usages."}, {"pmid": 32511678, "title": "Use of RAAS inhibitors and risk of clinical deterioration in COVID-19: results from an Italian cohort of 133 hypertensives.", "journal": "Am J Hypertens", "authors": ["Felice, C", "Nardin, C", "Di Tanna, G L", "Grossi, U", "Bernardi, E", "Scaldaferri, L", "Romagnoli, M", "Tonon, L", "Cavasin, P", "Novello, S", "Scarpa, R", "Farnia, A", "De Menis, E", "Rigoli, R", "Cinetto, F", "Pauletto, P", "Agostini, C", "Rattazzi, M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511678", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The effect of chronic use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors on the severity of COVID-19 infection is still unclear in patients with hypertension. We aimed to investigate the association between chronic use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and COVID-19 related outcomes in hypertensive patients. A single center study was conducted on 133 consecutive hypertensive subjects presenting to the Emergency Department with acute respiratory symptoms and/or fever who were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection between 9th and 31st March 2020. All patients were grouped according to their chronic antihypertensive medications (ACEIs, N=40; ARBs, N=42; not on RAAS inhibitors, N=51). There was no statistical difference between ACEIs and ARBs groups in terms of hospital admission rate, oxygen therapy and need for non-invasive ventilation. Patients chronically treated with RAAS inhibitors showed a significantly lower rate of admission to semi-intensive/intensive care units, when compared to the non-RAAS population (odds ratio [OR] 0.25, CI95% 0.09-0.66 p=0.006). Similarly, the risk of mortality was lower in the former group, although not reaching statistical significance (OR 0.56, CI95% 0.17-1.83, p=0.341). Our data suggest that chronic use of RAAS inhibitors does not negatively affect clinical course of COVID-19 in hypertensive patients. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and determine whether RAAS inhibitors may have a protective effect on COVID 19-related morbidity and mortality."}, {"pmid": 32360567, "pmcid": "PMC7191276", "title": "Inflammatory bowel disease management during the COVID-19 outbreak: a survey from the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization (ECCO).", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["D'Amico, Ferdinando", "Danese, Silvio", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360567", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295760, "title": "Covid-19: Guidance is urgently needed on who should be treated in event of shortages, say lawyers.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Clare"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295760", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529462, "pmcid": "PMC7287281", "title": "May the Central Nervous System Be Fogged by the Cytokine Storm in COVID-19?: an Appraisal.", "journal": "J Neuroimmune Pharmacol", "authors": ["Balcioglu, Yasin Hasan", "Yesilkaya, Umit Haluk", "Gokcay, Hasan", "Kirlioglu, Simge Seren"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529462", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371230, "pmcid": "PMC7190497", "title": "Evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: A global health emergency.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Acter, Thamina", "Uddin, Nizam", "Das, Jagotamoy", "Akhter, Afroza", "Choudhury, Tasrina Rabia", "Kim, Sunghwan"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371230", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "According to data compiled by researchers at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, more than two and half million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a newly discovered virus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been confirmed on April 20, 2020 (Nature, 2020b). Since the emergence of this infectious disease in Asia (Wuhan, China) late last year, it has been subsequently span to every continent of the world except Antarctica (Rodr\u00edguez-Morales et al., 2020). Along with a foothold in every country, the current disease pandemic is disrupting practically every aspect of life all over the world. As the outbreak are continuing to evolve, several research activities have been conducted for better understanding the origin, functions, treatments, and preventions of this novel coronavirus. This review will be a summa of the key features of novel coronavirus (nCoV), the virus causing disease 2019 and the present epidemic situation worldwide up to April 20, 2020. It is expected that this record will play an important role to take more preventive measures for overcoming the challenges faced during this current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32393874, "title": "Coronavirus is spreading under the radar in US homeless shelters.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393874", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361738, "pmcid": "PMC7197620", "title": "Risk Factors Associated with Clinical Outcomes in 323 COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hu, Ling", "Chen, Shaoqiu", "Fu, Yuanyuan", "Gao, Zitong", "Long, Hui", "Wang, Jian-Ming", "Ren, Hong-Wei", "Zuo, Yi", "Li, Huan", "Wang, Jie", "Xu, Qing-Bang", "Yu, Wen-Xiong", "Liu, Jia", "Shao, Chen", "Hao, Jun-Jie", "Wang, Chuan-Zhen", "Ma, Yao", "Wang, Zhanwei", "Yanagihara, Richard", "Deng, Youping"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361738", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With evidence of sustained transmission in more than 190 countries, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global pandemic. Data are urgently needed about risk factors associated with clinical outcomes. A retrospective\u00a0review of 323 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan was conducted. Patients were classified into three disease severity groups (non-severe, severe, and critical), based on initial clinical presentation. Clinical outcomes were designated as favorable and unfavorable, based on disease progression and response to treatments. Logistic regression models were performed to identify risk factors associated with clinical outcomes, and log-rank test was conducted for the association with clinical progression. Current standard treatments did not show significant improvement in patient outcomes. By univariate logistic regression analysis, 27 risk factors were significantly associated with clinical outcomes. Multivariate regression indicated age over 65 years (p<0.001), smoking (p=0.001), critical disease status (p=0.002), diabetes (p=0.025), high hypersensitive troponin I (>0.04 pg/mL,\u00a0p=0.02), leukocytosis (>10 x 109/L,\u00a0p<0.001) and neutrophilia (>75 x 109/L,\u00a0p<0.001) predicted unfavorable clinical outcomes. By contrast, the administration of hypnotics was significantly associated with favorable outcomes (p<0.001), which was confirmed by survival analysis. Hypnotics may be an effective ancillary treatment for COVID-19. We also found novel risk factors, such as higher hypersensitive troponin I, predicted poor clinical outcomes. Overall, our study provides useful data to guide early clinical decision making to reduce mortality and improve clinical outcomes of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32523145, "title": "COVID-19 and the renin, angiotensin, aldosterone system. A complex relationship.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Alcocer-Diaz-Barreiro, Luis", "Cossio-Aranda, Jorge", "Verdejo-Paris, Juan", "Odin-de-Los-Rios, Manuel", "Galvan-Oseguera, Hector", "Alvarez-Lopez, Humberto", "Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523145", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had major negative health, psychological, social and economic repercussions for individuals, families, communities, countries and for humanity in general. The interrelation with age and the presence of chronic non-communicable diseases (hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking) seems to go further than what would be explained by the prevalence and distribution of both. The drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are in many cases the backbone for the management of these diseases, it has been known for a long time that these drugs significantly increase the expression of receptors for angiotensin conversion enzyme type 2 in the lung tissue. This fact, together with the knowledge that the route of entry of the virus into the cell is precisely the ACE-2 receptor, initiated a hypothesis, based on very low-quality evidence, which quickly became generalized in the media, that the use of these drugs could be negative and that they should be interrupted immediately. The response of practically all Scientific Societies was almost immediate, with the precise indication that treatment with these drugs should not be discontinued, since the evidence of their usefulness is based on very solid and high-quality evidence. Simultaneously, a different hypothesis also appeared, also based on very preliminary evidence, that these drugs are not only harmful but also beneficial, however these medicaments are not yet accepted as agents for the prevention or treatment of this disease or its complications. This review reports current knowledge on the relationship between COVID-19 and SRAA."}, {"pmid": 32470223, "title": "COVID-19: Structural Predictions of Viral Success.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Stein, Richard A", "Young, Lauren M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470223", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the beginning of the 21st century, three coronaviruses have crossed the species barrier and caused serious human disease: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in November 2002 [1, 2], Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012 [3, 4], and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 [5, 6]. SARS-CoV-2 [7], initially called 2019-nCoV, is the etiological agent of COVID-19, a highly contagious infectious illness that was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China and subsequently spread globally [8]. As of May 24, 2020, COVID-19 has caused >5,370,000 infections and >343,000 deaths worldwide [9]."}, {"pmid": 32132140, "pmcid": "PMC7133384", "title": "Proposal for prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease in newborn infants.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed", "authors": ["Li, Fang", "Feng, Zhi Chun", "Shi, Yuan"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32132140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265202, "pmcid": "PMC7211077", "title": "Ocular manifestations of a hospitalised patient with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus disease.", "journal": "Br J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Chen, Lu", "Liu, Meizhou", "Zhang, Zheng", "Qiao, Kun", "Huang, Ting", "Chen, Miaohong", "Xin, Na", "Huang, Zuliang", "Liu, Lei", "Zhang, Guoming", "Wang, Jiantao"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265202", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report the ocular characteristics and the presence of viral RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in conjunctival swab specimens in a patient with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). A 30-year-old man with confirmed COVID-19 and bilateral acute conjunctivitis which occurred 13 days after illness onset. Based on detailed ophthalmic examination, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus in conjunctival swabs. The ocular characteristics, presence of viral RNA and viral dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in the conjunctival specimens were evaluated. Slit lamp examination showed bilateral acute follicular conjunctivitis. RT-PCR assay demonstrated the presence of viral RNA in conjunctival specimen 13 days after onset (cycle threshold value: 31). The conjunctival swab specimens remained positive for SARS-CoV-2 on 14 and 17 days after onset. On day 19, RT-PCR result was negative for SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 is capable of causing ocular complications such as viral conjunctivitis in the middle phase of illness. Precautionary measures are recommended when examining infected patients throughout the clinical course of the infection. However, conjunctival sampling might not be useful for early diagnosis because the virus may not appear initially in the conjunctiva."}, {"pmid": 32145216, "pmcid": "PMC7133645", "title": "Clinical manifestations and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Yangli", "Chen, Haihong", "Tang, Kejing", "Guo, Yubiao"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145216", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333649, "title": "The friendly use of chloroquine in the COVID-19 disease: a warning for the G6PD-deficient males and for the unaware carriers of pathogenic alterations of the G6PD gene.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Capoluongo, Ettore D", "Amato, Felice", "Castaldo, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333649", "topics": ["Treatment", "General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406931, "title": "Providing cancer surgery in the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Downs, J S", "Wilkinson, M J", "Gyorki, D E", "Speakman, D"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406931", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344326, "pmcid": "PMC7184246", "title": "COVID-19 and malaria: A symptom screening challenge for malaria endemic countries.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chanda-Kapata, Pascalina", "Kapata, Nathan", "Zumla, Alimuddin"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344326", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507849, "title": "[Covid-19: factors associated with emotional distress and psychological morbidity in spanish population.]", "journal": "Rev Esp Salud Publica", "authors": ["Parrado-Gonzalez, Alberto", "Leon-Jariego, Jose C"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507849", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The socio-health emergency caused by COVID-19 may have a significant psychological impact on the population. For this reason, it is necessary to identify especially vulnerable social groups and protective factors that may reduce this impact, which was the objective of this study. Using snowball sampling approach, 1,596 people residing in Spain during the lockdown answered an online questionnaire that included information on sociodemographic variables, symptoms, and contact with the disease, risk perception, precautionary measures to prevent infection and coping strategies during lockdown. Psychological impact was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status with the Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Simple linear regression models were performed to analyze the associations between the study variables and the psychological impact of the pandemic and the mental health of the participants. Of all respondents, 24.7% reported a moderate or severe psychological impact, and 48.8% showed mental health problems. Women, students and the population with a lower level of economic income, in addition to those having less available space per person in the household presented a more significant psychological impact and worse mental health. Living with someone from the high-risk vulnerable group, and anticipating the adverse economic effects of social-health crisis raised the emotional distress and psychological morbidity. Precautionary measures to prevent infection did not present a connection to the psychological impact of the pandemic; however, several coping strategies did help to reduce it. These findings outline the existence of especially vulnerable social groups to the impact of the pandemic, and suggest lines of action that help reduce the psychosocial consequences of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32504251, "pmcid": "PMC7274516", "title": "COVID-19 and Food Insecurity: an Uneven Patchwork of Responses.", "journal": "J Urban Health", "authors": ["Kinsey, Eliza W", "Kinsey, Dirk", "Rundle, Andrew G"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423296, "title": "Algorithm-Based Pediatric Otolaryngology Management During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic: A Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Clinical Consensus.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Chorney, Stephen R", "Elden, Lisa M", "Giordano, Terri", "Kazahaya, Ken", "Rizzi, Mark D", "Zur, Karen B", "Dedhia, Kavita"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423296", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires clinicians to explore alternatives to routine patient management. Otolaryngologists caring for children commonly depend on physical examination, laboratory data, and ambulatory surgical procedures. Limiting patient care, mindful allocation of resources, and concern for safety have challenged all aspects of our health care system. This evidence-based clinical consensus is designed to guide practitioners of pediatric otolaryngology for common scenarios during this time. Peer-reviewed literature, published reports, institutional guidelines, and expert consensus. A clinical consensus on 6 common scenarios in pediatric otolaryngology developed with evidence-based strategies. Providers should suspend all in-person nonessential office visits and elective surgical procedures. An emphasis on medical management and caregiver education will provide reasonable approaches to many of the common outpatient concerns. Surgery for chronic otitis media, obstructive sleep apnea, and acute rhinosinusitis should occur only in response to severe complications or failure of medical regimens. The approach to the pediatric neck mass focuses on timely management for oncologic etiologies and cautious surgical intervention for abscess drainage or tissue sampling. Finally, epistaxis and otorrhea must be triaged and addressed without the usual ambulatory procedures. Adaptation of practice patterns during this unprecedented moment for our health care system requires thoughtful planning. The strategies described allow for safe handling of common pediatric otolaryngology diagnoses. Ultimately, otolaryngologists must be stewards of our global health community while advocating for the care of individual pediatric patients."}, {"pmid": 32453432, "title": "Critical Infection Control Adaptations to Survive COVID-19 in Retirement Communities.", "journal": "J Gerontol Nurs", "authors": ["Munanga, Albert"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387512, "pmcid": "PMC7202825", "title": "Emergent hospital reform in response to outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Li, Jingwen", "Zhang, Qing", "Fang, Xi", "Li, Na", "Hu, Caiying", "Lin, Zhicheng", "Xiong, Nian"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387512", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327901, "pmcid": "PMC7177179", "title": "SBDiEM: A new Mathematical model of Infectious Disease Dynamics.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Bekiros, Stelios", "Kouloumpou, Dimitra"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327901", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A worldwide multi-scale interplay among a plethora of factors, ranging from micro-pathogens and individual or population interactions to macro-scale environmental, socio-economic and demographic conditions, entails the development of highly sophisticated mathematical models for robust representation of the contagious disease dynamics that would lead to the improvement of current outbreak control strategies and vaccination and prevention policies. Due to the complexity of the underlying interactions, both deterministic and stochastic epidemiological models are built upon incomplete information regarding the infectious network. Hence, rigorous mathematical epidemiology models can be utilized to combat epidemic outbreaks. We introduce a new spatiotemporal approach (SBDiEM) for modeling, forecasting and nowcasting infectious dynamics, particularly in light of recent efforts to establish a global surveillance network for combating pandemics with the use of artificial intelligence. This model can be adjusted to describe past outbreaks as well as COVID-19. Our novel methodology may have important implications for national health systems, international stakeholders and policy makers."}, {"pmid": 32510814, "title": "Omalizumab and COVID19 Treatment: Could It Help?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Abdelmaksoud, Ayman", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Vestita, Michelangelo"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510814", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313826, "pmcid": "PMC7167547", "title": "Morbilliform Exanthem Associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "JAAD Case Rep", "authors": ["Najarian, David James"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313826", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401411, "pmcid": "PMC7272955", "title": "A case of COVID-19 pneumonia presenting with acute urticaria.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Naziroglu, Tugba", "Sozen, Semih", "Ozkan, Pinar", "Seker, Selahattin", "Aksu, Kurtulus"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401411", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492326, "title": "Audio Interview: Diagnosis and Early Treatment of Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492326", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334115, "pmcid": "PMC7194543", "title": "Preliminary estimates of the reproduction number of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Republic of Korea and Italy by 5 March 2020.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhuang, Zian", "Zhao, Shi", "Lin, Qianying", "Cao, Peihua", "Lou, Yijun", "Yang, Lin", "Yang, Shu", "He, Daihai", "Xiao, Li"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334115", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "Italy"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has caused 6088 cases and 41 deaths in Republic of Korea, and 3144 cases and 107 death in Italy by 5 March 2020, respectively. We modelled the transmission process in the Republic of Korea and Italy with a stochastic model, and estimated the basic reproduction number R0 as 2.6 (95% CI: 2.3-2.9) or 3.2 (95% CI: 2.9-3.5) in the Republic of Korea, under the assumption that the exponential growth starting on 31 January or 5 February 2020, and 2.6 (95% CI: 2.3-2.9) or 3.3 (95% CI: 3.0-3.6) in Italy, under the assumption that the exponential growth starting on 5 February or 10 February 2020, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32520747, "title": "Digital technology for management of severe mental disorders in low-income and middle-income countries.", "journal": "Curr Opin Psychiatry", "authors": ["Merchant, Rutvij", "Torous, John", "Rodriguez-Villa, Elena", "Naslund, John A"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520747", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Increasingly, digital technologies, especially mobile telecommunications and smartphone apps, are seen as a novel tool for managing severe mental disorders (SMDs) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, there is a need to identify best practices in the use of digital technologies to effectively reach, support, and manage care for patients living with SMDs. In this review, we summarize recent studies using digital technology to manage symptoms and support clinical care for this patient population and discuss new opportunities to advance digital psychiatry research and practice in LMICs. Studies evaluating digital interventions for clinical populations living with SMDs in LMICs are limited. Yet, across recent articles surveyed, digital technology appears to yield diverse benefits for this at-risk patient population. These benefits include improved medication adherence, appointment adherence, reduced instances of relapse, and fewer re-hospitalizations. Continued rigorous research evaluating effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of digital technologies in reaching, treating, and managing symptoms and supporting clinical care for patients with SMDs in LMICs is vital. The urgency for remote approaches for delivering specialized psychiatric care is particularly pronounced because of the immediate and long-term impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on access to in-person services. Future research should emphasize participatory approaches rooted in a process of codesign with target users, in order to achieve clinically effective remotely delivered digital mental health interventions."}, {"pmid": 32057788, "pmcid": "PMC7134529", "title": "Novel coronavirus, poor quarantine, and the risk of pandemic.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Khan, S", "Siddique, R", "Ali, A", "Xue, M", "Nabi, G"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32057788", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461494, "title": "Comments on: All India Ophthalmic Society-Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Consensus statement on preferred practices during COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Sampangi, Raju", "Hemalatha, B C"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461494", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490556, "title": "Insouciance and inexperience: A deadly combination when dealing with COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Health Plann Manage", "authors": ["Paton, Calum"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490556", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article gives key reasons for the UK's tardy and confused attempts to react to the COVID-19 pandemic. It explains very poor outcomes in the UK (in terms of the spread of the virus and high mortality, already striking at the time of writing), in terms of an initial lack of political will to prioritise public health, itself a product of a strong Prime Minister who made the \"wrong call\". It also highlights a failure to \"follow the science\", except in so far as the \"science\" had already accepted some dubious political judgements and the lack of capacity to test as the starting-point."}, {"pmid": 32300101, "pmcid": "PMC7162686", "title": "Saliva: potential diagnostic value and transmission of 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Int J Oral Sci", "authors": ["Xu, Ruoshi", "Cui, Bomiao", "Duan, Xiaobo", "Zhang, Ping", "Zhou, Xuedong", "Yuan, Quan"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300101", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "2019-nCoV epidemic was firstly reported at late December of 2019 and has caused a global outbreak of COVID-19 now. Saliva, a biofluid largely generated from salivary glands in oral cavity, has been reported 2019-nCoV nucleic acid positive. Besides lungs, salivary glands and tongue are possibly another hosts of 2019-nCoV due to expression of ACE2. Close contact or short-range transmission of infectious saliva droplets is a primary mode for 2019-nCoV to disseminate as claimed by WHO, while long-distance saliva aerosol transmission is highly environment dependent within indoor space with aerosol-generating procedures such as dental practice. So far, no direct evidence has been found that 2019-nCoV is vital in air flow for long time. Therefore, to prevent formation of infectious saliva droplets, to thoroughly disinfect indoor air and to block acquisition of saliva droplets could slow down 2019-nCoV dissemination. This review summarizes diagnostic value of saliva for 2019-nCoV, possibly direct invasion into oral tissues, and close contact transmission of 2019-nCoV by saliva droplets, expecting to contribute to 2019-nCoV epidemic control."}, {"pmid": 32480121, "pmcid": "PMC7255345", "title": "Loneliness: A signature mental health concern in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Killgore, William D S", "Cloonan, Sara A", "Taylor, Emily C", "Dailey, Natalie S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480121", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, most communities in the United States imposed stay-at-home orders to mitigate the spread of the novel coronavirus, potentially leading to chronic social isolation. During the third week of shelter-in-place guidelines, 1,013 U.S. adults completed the UCLA Loneliness Scale-3 and Public Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Loneliness was elevated, with 43% of respondents scoring above published cutoffs, and was strongly associated with greater depression and suicidal ideation. Loneliness is a critical public health concern that must be considered during the social isolation efforts to combat the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32372417, "title": "A simple solution to improve surgical teaching among medical students.", "journal": "Clin Anat", "authors": ["de Wolf, Maisie", "Birch, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372417", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515381, "title": "The digestive system and the COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Qureshi, Huma"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515381", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an ongoing healthcare crisis. While COVID- 19 typically presents as fever and respiratory illness, almost 50% of the patients also have associated digestive symptoms which vary from abdominal pain to diarrhoea and indigestion. Literature review of association of COVID- 19 with digestive symptoms was done using Google search and the results are presented herein."}, {"pmid": 32439821, "title": "Generalized myoclonus in COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Rabano-Suarez, Pablo", "Bermejo-Guerrero, Laura", "Mendez-Guerrero, Antonio", "Parra-Serrano, Javier", "Toledo-Alfocea, Daniel", "Sanchez-Tejerina, Daniel", "Santos-Fernandez, Teresa", "Folgueira-Lopez, Maria Dolores", "Gutierrez-Gutierrez, Judit", "Ayuso-Garcia, Blanca", "Gonzalez de la Aleja, Jesus", "Benito-Leon, Julian"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439821", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report 3 patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) who developed generalized myoclonus. Patient data were obtained from medical records from the University Hospital \"12 de Octubre,\" Madrid, Spain. Three patients (2 men and 1 woman, aged 63-88 years) presented with mild hypersomnia and generalized myoclonus following the onset of the so-called inflammatory phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). All of them had presented previously with anosmia. Myoclonus was generalized with both positive and negative jerks, predominantly involving the facial, trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and upper extremities muscles. These myoclonic jerks occurred spontaneously and were extremely sensitive to multisensory stimuli (auditive and tactile) or voluntary movements, with an exaggerated startle response. Other causes of myoclonus were ruled out, and none of the patients had undergone respiratory arrest or significant prolonged hypoxia. All of them improved, at least partially, with immunotherapy. Our 3 cases highlight the occurrence of myoclonus during the COVID-19 pandemic as a post- or para-infectious immune-mediated disorder. However, we cannot rule out that SARS-CoV-2 may spread transneuronally to first- and second-order structures connected with the olfactory bulb. Further investigation is required to clarify the full clinical spectrum of neurologic symptoms and optimal treatment."}, {"pmid": 32149486, "title": "[COVID-19 with post-chemotherapy agranulocytosis in childhood acute leukemia: a case report].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, Z", "Xiong, H", "Li, J X", "Li, H", "Tao, F", "Yang, Y T", "Wu, B", "Tang, W", "Teng, J X", "Fu, Q", "Yang, L"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149486", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31978944, "pmcid": "PMC7121143", "title": "Another Decade, Another Coronavirus.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Perlman, Stanley"], "date": "2020-01-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31978944", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364936, "pmcid": "PMC7152911", "title": "Electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection.", "journal": "Biosens Bioelectron", "authors": ["Cesewski, Ellen", "Johnson, Blake N"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364936", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent advances in electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection are reviewed. Electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection are broadly reviewed in terms of transduction elements, biorecognition elements, electrochemical techniques, and biosensor performance. Transduction elements are discussed in terms of electrode material and form factor. Biorecognition elements for pathogen detection, including antibodies, aptamers, and imprinted polymers, are discussed in terms of availability, production, and immobilization approach. Emerging areas of electrochemical biosensor design are reviewed, including electrode modification and transducer integration. Measurement formats for pathogen detection are classified in terms of sample preparation and secondary binding steps. Applications of electrochemical biosensors for the detection of pathogens in food and water safety, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and bio-threat applications are highlighted. Future directions and challenges of electrochemical biosensors for pathogen detection are discussed, including wearable and conformal biosensors, detection of plant pathogens, multiplexed detection, reusable biosensors for process monitoring applications, and low-cost, disposable biosensors."}, {"pmid": 32393401, "title": "'Scientific Strabismus' or Two Related Pandemics: COVID-19 & Vitamin D Deficiency.", "journal": "Br J Nutr", "authors": ["Kara, Murat", "Ekiz, Timur", "Ricci, Vincenzo", "Kara, Ozgur", "Chang, Ke-Vin", "Ozcakar, Levent"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393401", "countries": ["France", "Sweden", "Norway", "Chile", "Qatar", "Austria", "Denmark", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Finland", "Portugal", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "World Health Organization announced the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak to be a global pandemic. The distribution of community outbreaks shows seasonal patterns along certain latitude, temperature, and humidity i.e. similar to the behavior of seasonal viral respiratory tract infections. COVID-19 displays significant spread in northern midlatitude countries with an average temperature of 5-11 \u00b0C and low humidity. Vitamin D deficiency has also been described as pandemic, especially in the Europe.Regardless of age, ethnicity, and latitude; recent data showed that 40% of the Europeans are vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D levels <50 nmol/L), and 13% are severely deficient (25(OH)D <30 nmol/L).A quadratic relationship was found between the prevalences of vitamin D deficiency in most commonly affected countries by COVID-19 and the latitudes. Vitamin D deficiency is more common in the subtropical and midlatitude countries than the tropical and high latitude countries. The most commonly affected countries with severe vitamin D deficiency are from the subtropical (Saudi Arabia; 46%, Qatar; 46%, Iran; 33.4%, Chile; 26.4%) and midlatitude (France; 27.3%, Portugal; 21.2% and Austria; 19.3%) regions. Severe vitamin D deficiency was found to be nearly 0% in some high latitude countries (e.g. Norway, Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Netherlands).Accordingly, we would like to call attention to the possible association between severe vitamin D deficiency and mortality pertaining to COVID-19. Given its rare side effects and relatively wide safety, prophylactic vitamin D supplementation and/or food fortification might reasonably serve as a very convenient adjuvant therapy for these two worldwide public health problems alike."}, {"pmid": 32489343, "pmcid": "PMC7259441", "title": "Descriptive characteristics of hospitalized adult smokers and never-smokers with COVID-19.", "journal": "Tob Induc Dis", "authors": ["Kalan, Mohammad Ebrahimi", "Ghobadi, Hassan", "Taleb, Ziyad Ben", "Ward, Kenneth D", "Adham, Davoud", "Matin, Somaieh", "Fazlzadeh, Mehdi", "Narimani, Sajjad"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489343", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525035, "title": "The Importance of Anaesthetists in Restarting Elective Surgery.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Mehr, Soheeb", "Amin, Pajam", "Ashraf, M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525035", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327490, "title": "Keeping people with epilepsy safe during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["French, Jacqueline A", "Brodie, Martin J", "Caraballo, Roberto", "Devinsky, Orrin", "Ding, Ding", "Jehi, Lara", "Jette, Nathalie", "Kanner, Andres", "Modi, Avani C", "Newton, Charles R", "Patel, Archana A", "Pennell, Page B", "Perucca, Emilio", "Sander, Josemir W", "Scheffer, Ingrid E", "Singh, Gagandeep", "Williams, Emma", "Wilmshurst, Jo", "Cross, J Helen"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To provide information on the effect of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on people with epilepsy and provide consensus recommendations on how to provide the best possible care for people with epilepsy while avoiding visits to urgent care facilities and hospitalizations during the novel coronavirus pandemic. The authors developed consensus statements in 2 sections. The first was \"How should we/clinicians modify our clinical care pathway for people with epilepsy during the COVID-19 pandemic?\" The second was \"What general advice should we give to people with epilepsy during this crisis? The authors individually scored statements on a scale of -10 (strongly disagree) to +10 (strongly agree). Five of 11 recommendations for physicians and 3/5 recommendations for individuals/families were rated by all the authors as 7 or above (strongly agree) on the first round of rating. Subsequently, a teleconference was held where statements for which there was a lack of strong consensus were revised. After revision, all consensus recommendations received a score of 7 or above. The recommendations focus on administration of as much care as possible at home to keep people with epilepsy out of health care facilities, where they are likely to encounter COVID-19 (including strategies for rescue therapy), as well as minimization of risk of seizure exacerbation through adherence, and through ensuring a regular supply of medication. We also provide helpful links to additional helpful information for people with epilepsy and health providers. These recommendations may help health care professionals provide optimal care to people with epilepsy during the coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32389540, "pmcid": "PMC7252117", "title": "Head and neck cancer cannot wait for this pandemic to end: Risks, challenges and perspectives of oral-maxillofacial surgeon during COVID-19.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Valentini, Valentino", "Pucci, Resi", "Battisti, Andrea", "Cassoni, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389540", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346531, "pmcid": "PMC7185905", "title": "Simple Economical Solution for Personal Protection Equipment (Face Mask/Shield) for Health Care Staff During COVID 19.", "journal": "Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Khan, Mubarak M", "Parab, Sapna R"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. It has taken a toll of lots of lives since its outbreak. Infection prevention at present is an appropriate control measure in addition to other measure like hand hygiene and personal protective equipment (PPE). In our country with a large population, supplying PPE to all the health care workers of all hospitals definitely is an economic burden. Hence we have come up with an economic and simple solution for face mask."}, {"pmid": 32376595, "title": "Confusion over CPR in patients with covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Cappuccio, Francesco P"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376595", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32142785, "pmcid": "PMC7130192", "title": "COVID-19: Gastrointestinal Manifestations and Potential Fecal-Oral Transmission.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Gu, Jinyang", "Han, Bing", "Wang, Jian"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32142785", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250388, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic in the US: A Clinical Update.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Omer, Saad B", "Malani, Preeti", "Del Rio, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250388", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409243, "pmcid": "PMC7183292", "title": "Recommendations for eye care during the alarm state by the coronavirus disease pandemic COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol", "authors": ["Gegundez-Fernandez, J A", "Zarranz-Ventura, J", "Garay-Aramburu, G", "Munoz-Negrete, F J", "Mendicute Del Barrio, J", "Pablo-Julvez, L", "Garcia-Delpech, S", "Lopez-Alemany, A", "Arnalich-Montiel, F", "Cordero-Coma, M", "Carceles, J A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409243", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Minimize exposure to the SARS-CoV-2, reduce the chances of cross-transmission between patients and healthcare personnel, and prevent the development of postoperative complications from the management of patients with eye diseases during the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). COVID-19 literature review and consensus establishment between different Spanish ophthalmology societies in order to provide guidelines and recommendations of maximum resources primarily conditioned by the state of alert, confinement and social distancing that occurs in Spain since March 16, 2020. The recommendations will promote the adoption of action and protection measures for eye care in outpatient clinics, surgical areas and hospitalization, for unconfirmed (asymptomatic and symptomatic) and confirmed COVID-19 patients. Measures must be adapted to the circumstances and availability of personal protective equipment in each of the centers and Autonomous Communities, which will be updated according to the pandemic phases and the measures adopted by the Spanish Government. During the COVID-19 pandemic, attention to the potential health risks to the population caused by coronavirus should prevail over the possible progression of the common eye diseases. Ophthalmologists and other eye care professionals must assume a possible progression of these diseases due to the impossibility of adequate patient follow-up."}, {"pmid": 32336243, "title": "Anesthesia and COVID-19: What We Should Know and What We Should Do.", "journal": "Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Tang, Linda Y", "Wang, Jingping"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336243", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei, China, and has spread to more than 200 other countries around the world. COVID-19 is a highly contagious disease with continuous human-to-human transmission. The origin of the virus is unknown. Airway manipulations and intubations, which are common during anesthesia procedures may increasingly expose anesthesia providers and intensive care unit team members to SARS-CoV-2. Through a comprehensive review of existing studies on COVID-19, this article presents the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19, reviews current medical management, and suggests ways to improve the safety of anesthetic procedures. Owing to the highly contagious nature of the virus and the lack of therapeutic drugs or vaccines, precautions should be taken to prevent medical staff from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32255359, "title": "Clinical utility of cardiac troponin measurement in COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Ann Clin Biochem", "authors": ["Gaze, David C"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255359", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes the disease COVID-19, a severe acute respiratory syndrome. COVID-19 is now a global pandemic and public health emergency due to rapid human-to-human transmission. The impact is far-reaching, with enforced social distancing and isolation, detrimental effects on individual physical activity and mental wellbeing, education in the young and economic impact to business. Whilst most COVID-19 patients demonstrate mild-to-moderate symptoms, those with severe disease progression are at a higher risk of mortality. As more is learnt about this novel disease, it is becoming evident that comorbid cardiovascular disease is associated with a greater severity and increased mortality. Many patients positive for COVID-19 demonstrate increased concentrations of cardiac troponin, creating confusion in clinical interpretation. While myocardial infarction is associated with acute infectious respiratory disease, the majority of COVID-19 patients demonstrate stable cTn rather than the dynamically changing values indicative of an acute coronary syndrome. Although full understanding of the mechanism of cTn release in COVID-19 is currently lacking, this mini-review assesses the limited published literature with a view to offering insight to pathophysiological mechanisms and reported treatment regimens."}, {"pmid": 32500936, "title": "Case series of six kidney transplanted patients with COVID-19 pneumonia treated with tocilizumab.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mella, Alberto", "Mingozzi, Silvia", "Gallo, Ester", "Lavacca, Antonio", "Rossetti, Maura Maria", "Clari, Roberta", "Randone, Olga", "Maffei, Stefano", "Salomone, Mario", "Imperiale, Daniele", "Biancone, Luigi"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500936", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few reports described the outcome of kidney transplanted patients (KTs) affected by COVID-19 treated with interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor Tocilizumab (TCZ). We report our case series of 6 KTs with COVID-19 pneumonia who received TCZ: all were of male gender, with a mean age of 55.5\u00b18.4 years, a median time from transplantation of 3611 days (1465-5757); 5/6 had cardiovascular comorbidities, 1/6 had diabetes and 3/6 have one or more previous KTs. Four out of six patients died, at an average time of 9.75\u00b12.4 days after tocilizumab administration, 3/6 due to a coexistent septic shock. Two patients improved after TCZ and were discharged at 20 and 21 days respectively; in both patient a significant increase of total lymphocyte count was observed. In conclusion KTs, where the role of peculiar factors such as chronic immunosuppression is still undetermined, represent a high-risk group with significant COVID-19 associated mortality. The evaluation of the TCZ effect in COVID-19 pneumonia requires controlled studies (ideally RCTs) in this specific population."}, {"pmid": 32381478, "pmcid": "PMC7167542", "title": "Enabling emergency mass vaccination: Innovations in manufacturing and administration during a pandemic.", "journal": "Vaccine", "authors": ["Hosangadi, Divya", "Warmbrod, Kelsey Lane", "Martin, Elena K", "Adalja, Amesh", "Cicero, Anita", "Inglesby, Thomas", "Watson, Crystal", "Watson, Matthew", "Connell, Nancy"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381478", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360108, "pmcid": "PMC7187838", "title": "Maternal death due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Hantoushzadeh, Sedigheh", "Shamshirsaz, Alireza A", "Aleyasin, Ashraf", "Seferovic, Maxim D", "Aski, Soudabeh Kazemi", "Arian, Sara E", "Pooransari, Parichehr", "Ghotbizadeh, Fahimeh", "Aalipour, Soroush", "Soleimani, Zahra", "Naemi, Mahsa", "Molaei, Behnaz", "Ahangari, Roghaye", "Salehi, Mohammadreza", "Oskoei, Atousa Dabiri", "Pirozan, Parisa", "Darkhaneh, Roya Faraji", "Laki, Mahboobeh Gharib", "Farani, Ali Karimi", "Atrak, Shahla", "Miri, Mir Mohammad", "Kouchek, Mehran", "Shojaei, Seyedpouzhia", "Hadavand, Fahimeh", "Keikha, Fatemeh", "Hosseini, Maryam Sadat", "Borna, Sedigheh", "Ariana, Shideh", "Shariat, Mamak", "Fatemi, Alireza", "Nouri, Behnaz", "Nekooghadam, Seyed Mojtaba", "Aagaard, Kjersti"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360108", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite 2.5 million infections and 169,000 deaths worldwide (as of April 20, 2020), no maternal deaths and only a few pregnant women afflicted with severe respiratory morbidity have been reported to be related to COVID-19 disease. Given the disproportionate burden of severe and fatal respiratory disease previously documented among pregnant women following other coronavirus-related outbreaks (SARS-CoV in 2003 and MERS-CoV in 2012) and influenza pandemics over the last century, the absence of reported maternal morbidity and mortality with COVID-19 disease is unexpected. To describe maternal and perinatal outcomes and death in a case series of pregnant women with COVID-19 disease. We describe here a multiinstitution adjudicated case series from Iran that includes 9 pregnant women diagnosed with severe COVID-19 disease in their second or third trimester. All 9 pregnant women received a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction nucleic acid testing. Outcomes of these women were compared with their familial/household members with contact to the affected patient on or after their symptom onset. All data were reported at death or after a minimum of 14 days from date of admission with COVID-19 disease. Among 9 pregnant women with severe COVID-19 disease, at the time of reporting, 7 of 9 died, 1 of 9 remains critically ill and ventilator dependent, and 1 of 9 recovered after prolonged hospitalization. We obtained self-verified familial/household cohort data in all 9 cases, and in each and every instance, maternal outcomes were more severe compared with outcomes of other high- and low-risk familial/household members (n=33 members for comparison). We report herein maternal deaths owing to COVID-19 disease. Until rigorously collected surveillance data emerge, it is prudent to be aware of the potential for maternal death among pregnant women diagnosed as having COVID-19 disease in their second or third trimester."}, {"pmid": 32517322, "title": "Correlation between Preventive Health Behaviors and Psycho-Social Health Based on the Leisure Activities of South Koreans in the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Kim, Young-Jae", "Cho, Jeong-Hyung"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517322", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has caused unprecedented damage worldwide, and quarantine and lockdown measures have been undertaken globally. This study focused on the differences in preventive behaviors and psycho-social health of South Koreans, as people continue engaging in leisure activities under self-regulation without a lockdown measure imposed by the government. For the sample, the frame of the \"2018 Population and Housing Census\" in South Korea was applied, and data from 1770 people were analyzed. The results showed that the groups participating in culture and arts and social activities displayed characteristics with high prevention. Additionally, the groups that continued leisure activities for more than five years and with family showed high preventive behaviors. Meanwhile, participation in leisure activities with friends of the opposite sex lowered preventive behavior. In terms of psycho-social health, all groups were affiliated to the potential stress group and there were no differences in the period and participation time for leisure activities. Furthermore, the group participating in leisure activities with their school and group experienced psychological stability. When lockdown measures are eased, the aforementioned characteristics should be considered to design government policy; they can also be used as a reference for public health in case of a future outbreak of an epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32441765, "pmcid": "PMC7267139", "title": "Type 1 diabetes and technology at time of COVID -19. A case report.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Cordera, Renzo", "Pinducciu, Cristina", "Maggi, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441765", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Intermittent acute illness contribute to blood glucose dysregulation in Patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM): systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, unpredictable eating, fever, nausea, vomiting, among other factors lead to blood glucose instability with a significant risk of hypoglycemia and represent a difficult challenge for Patients (1). Hyperglycemia (with or without diabetes) is a double edge sword : is depend on the acute illness and by itself negatively contribute to a more severe prognosis."}, {"pmid": 32521987, "title": "[Experience of teaching and training for medical students at gastrointestinal surgery department under COVID-19 epidemic situation].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chang, W J", "Jiang, Y D", "Xu, J M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521987", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In hospitals and medical schools as densely populated sites with high risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is vital to adjust the teaching and training strategy for medical students to ensure curriculum completion with safety. This article aims to introduce the experience of teaching and training for medical students under the epidemic situation at Department of Surgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University and Zhongshan Hospital. The content includes exploring diversified online teaching models for undergraduate surgery courses and clinical practice, carrying out online graduate education and dissertation plans, and strengthening comprehensive education of medical humanity combined with knowledge of COVID-19 prevention. Through implementation of the above teaching strategies, scheduled learning plans of medical students can be well completed in an orderly, safe and quality-ensured manner. Our experience provides practical solution of medical teaching and could be advisable for other medical colleges and teaching hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32220208, "pmcid": "PMC7121761", "title": "Epidemiology of Covid-19 in a Long-Term Care Facility in King County, Washington.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["McMichael, Temet M", "Currie, Dustin W", "Clark, Shauna", "Pogosjans, Sargis", "Kay, Meagan", "Schwartz, Noah G", "Lewis, James", "Baer, Atar", "Kawakami, Vance", "Lukoff, Margaret D", "Ferro, Jessica", "Brostrom-Smith, Claire", "Rea, Thomas D", "Sayre, Michael R", "Riedo, Francis X", "Russell, Denny", "Hiatt, Brian", "Montgomery, Patricia", "Rao, Agam K", "Chow, Eric J", "Tobolowsky, Farrell", "Hughes, Michael J", "Bardossy, Ana C", "Oakley, Lisa P", "Jacobs, Jesica R", "Stone, Nimalie D", "Reddy, Sujan C", "Jernigan, John A", "Honein, Margaret A", "Clark, Thomas A", "Duchin, Jeffrey S"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220208", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Long-term care facilities are high-risk settings for severe outcomes from outbreaks of Covid-19, owing to both the advanced age and frequent chronic underlying health conditions of the residents and the movement of health care personnel among facilities in a region. After identification on February 28, 2020, of a confirmed case of Covid-19 in a skilled nursing facility in King County, Washington, Public Health-Seattle and King County, aided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, launched a case investigation, contact tracing, quarantine of exposed persons, isolation of confirmed and suspected cases, and on-site enhancement of infection prevention and control. As of March 18, a total of 167 confirmed cases of Covid-19 affecting 101 residents, 50 health care personnel, and 16 visitors were found to be epidemiologically linked to the facility. Most cases among residents included respiratory illness consistent with Covid-19; however, in 7 residents no symptoms were documented. Hospitalization rates for facility residents, visitors, and staff were 54.5%, 50.0%, and 6.0%, respectively. The case fatality rate for residents was 33.7% (34 of 101). As of March 18, a total of 30 long-term care facilities with at least one confirmed case of Covid-19 had been identified in King County. In the context of rapidly escalating Covid-19 outbreaks, proactive steps by long-term care facilities to identify and exclude potentially infected staff and visitors, actively monitor for potentially infected patients, and implement appropriate infection prevention and control measures are needed to prevent the introduction of Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32372178, "pmcid": "PMC7200051", "title": "Neurosurgical management of brain and spine tumors in the COVID-19 era: an institutional experience from the epicenter of the pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurooncol", "authors": ["Kessler, Remi A", "Zimering, Jeffrey", "Gilligan, Jeffrey", "Rothrock, Robert", "McNeill, Ian", "Shrivastava, Raj K", "Caridi, John", "Bederson, Joshua", "Hadjipanayis, Constantinos G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372178", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The challenges of neurosurgical patient management and surgical decision-making during the 2019-2020 COVID-19 worldwide pandemic are immense and never-before-seen in our generation of neurosurgeons. In this case-based formatted report, we present the Mount Sinai Hospital (New York, NY) Department of Neurosurgery institutional experience in the epicenter of the pandemic and the guiding principles for our current management of intracranial, skull base, and spine tumors. The detailed explanations of our surgical reasoning for each tumor case is tailored to assist neurosurgeons across the United States as they face these complex operative decisions put forth by the realities of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32275485, "title": "Telemedicine and the COVID-19 Pandemic, Lessons for the Future.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Bashshur, Rashid", "Doarn, Charles R", "Frenk, Julio M", "Kvedar, Joseph C", "Woolliscroft, James O"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275485", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32179701, "pmcid": "PMC7164387", "title": "Substantial undocumented infection facilitates the rapid dissemination of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Li, Ruiyun", "Pei, Sen", "Chen, Bin", "Song, Yimeng", "Zhang, Tao", "Yang, Wan", "Shaman, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179701", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Estimation of the prevalence and contagiousness of undocumented novel coronavirus [severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] infections is critical for understanding the overall prevalence and pandemic potential of this disease. Here, we use observations of reported infection within China, in conjunction with mobility data, a networked dynamic metapopulation model, and Bayesian inference, to infer critical epidemiological characteristics associated with SARS-CoV-2, including the fraction of undocumented infections and their contagiousness. We estimate that 86% of all infections were undocumented [95% credible interval (CI): 82-90%] before the 23 January 2020 travel restrictions. The transmission rate of undocumented infections per person was 55% the transmission rate of documented infections (95% CI: 46-62%), yet, because of their greater numbers, undocumented infections were the source of 79% of the documented cases. These findings explain the rapid geographic spread of SARS-CoV-2 and indicate that containment of this virus will be particularly challenging."}, {"pmid": 32360755, "pmcid": "PMC7189183", "title": "A \"paper diaper\" in N95 respirator.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Song, Zexing", "Xie, Jun", "Zhu, Jintao", "Tao, Juan"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514019, "title": "Introducing the Zoom interview: tips for job hunting during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Fouda, Abdelrahman Y"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514019", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485970, "title": "A Review on SARS-CoV-2 Virology, Pathophysiology, Animal Models, and Anti-Viral Interventions.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Neerukonda, Sabari Nath", "Katneni, Upendra"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485970", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly pathogenic and transmissible CoV that is presently plaguing the global human population and economy. No proven effective antiviral therapy or vaccine currently exists, and supportive care remains to be the cornerstone treatment. Through previous lessons learned from SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV studies, scientific groups worldwide have rapidly expanded the knowledge pertaining to SARS-CoV-2 virology that includes in vitro and in vivo models for testing of antiviral therapies and randomized clinical trials. In the present narrative, we review SARS-CoV-2 virology, clinical features, pathophysiology, and animal models with a specific focus on the antiviral and adjunctive therapies currently being tested or that require testing in animal models and randomized clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32456661, "pmcid": "PMC7250269", "title": "Universal mobile protection system for aerosol-generating medical interventions in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Straube, Florian", "Wendtner, Clemens", "Hoffmann, Ellen"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456661", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354535, "pmcid": "PMC7172838", "title": "The Rapid Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic by the Arthroplasty Divisions at Two Academic Referral Centers.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Pelt, Christopher E", "Campbell, Kevin L", "Gililland, Jeremy M", "Anderson, Lucas A", "Peters, Christopher L", "Barnes, C Lowry", "Edwards, Paul K", "Mears, Simon C", "Stambough, Jeffrey B"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has created widespread changes across all of health care. As a result, the impacts on the delivery of orthopedic services have been challenged. To ensure and provide adequate health care resources in terms of hospital capacity and personnel and personal protective equipment, service lines such as adult reconstruction and lower limb arthroplasty have stopped or substantially limited elective surgeries and have been forced to re-engineer care processes for a high volume of patients. Herein, we summarize the similar approaches by two arthroplasty divisions in high-volume academic referral centers in (1) the cessation of elective surgeries, (2) workforce restructuring, (3) phased delivery of outpatient and inpatient care, and (4) educational restructuring."}, {"pmid": 32344526, "pmcid": "PMC7215550", "title": "COVID-19 and RAS: Unravelling an Unclear Relationship.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["D'Ardes, Damiano", "Boccatonda, Andrea", "Rossi, Ilaria", "Guagnano, Maria Teresa", "Santilli, Francesca", "Cipollone, Francesco", "Bucci, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344526", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a main role in regulating blood pressure and electrolyte and liquid balance. Previous evidence suggests that RAS may represent an important target for the treatment of lung pathologies, especially for acute respiratory distress syndrome and chronic fibrotic disease. The scientific community has recently focused its attention on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor 1 (AT1R) inhibitors and their possible benefit/harms for patients infected by Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) who experience pneumonia, but there are still some doubts about the effects of these drugs in this setting."}, {"pmid": 32473082, "title": "Long-term surveillance of bat coronaviruses in Korea: Diversity and distribution pattern.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Lo, Van Thi", "Yoon, Sun-Woo", "Noh, Ji Yeong", "Kim, Youngji", "Choi, Yong Gun", "Jeong, Dae Gwin", "Kim, Hye Kwon"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473082", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Bats harbor diverse coronaviruses (CoVs), some of which are associated with zoonotic infections, as well as interspecies transmission. In this study, a total of 512 bat fecal samples from the bat habitats at different geographical locations in South Korea were investigated between 2016 and 2019. Seventy-eight samples were positive for coronaviruses (15.2%), comprising 68 alphacoronaviruses (13.3%) and 10 betacoronaviruses (2.0%). The positive rates tended to increase during the awakening-(April) period. Notably, betacoronaviruses were only found in the site where Rhinolophus ferrumequinum was the major species of bats, and were related to SARS- and MERS-related CoVs identified in China and South Korea, respectively. No betacoronaviruses were closely related to SARS-CoV-2 in this study. Alphacoronaviruses were detected in the sites where Hypsugo alaschanicus, Miniopterus fuliginosus, Miniopterus schreibersii, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, Myotis bombinus, Myotis macrodactylus, and Myotis petax were found to be the major bat species. Furthermore, alphacoronaviruses had higher genetic diversity than betacoronaviruses, and had a wider distribution in Korea. Considering that different bat species are co-roosting in crowded conditions in the same habitat, the diverse coronaviruses in Korean bats are likely to undergo cross-species transmission events due to the richness in host species. Therefore, continuous monitoring should be performed, especially at the awakening time of the hibernating bats in the habitats where diverse bat species co-roost, to better understand the evolution of coronaviruses in bats."}, {"pmid": 32353720, "pmcid": "PMC7182518", "title": "COVID-19 faecal-oral transmission: Are we asking the right questions?", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Heller, Leo", "Mota, Cesar R", "Greco, Dirceu B"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353720", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in stools and sewage has recently been reported, raising the hypothesis of faecal-oral transmission. If confirmed, this could have far-reaching consequences for public health and for pandemic control strategies. In this paper, we argue that a comprehensive and more nuanced analysis is required to test this hypothesis, taking into consideration both environmental dynamics and the persistence of viral infectivity. First, we examine the evidence regarding the presence of the virus in stools and sewage. Then we discuss the current framework of disease transmission through water and excreta and how the transmission of a respiratory disease fits into it. Against this background, we propose a framework to test the faecal-oral hypothesis, unpacking the different environmental routes from faeces to the mouth of a susceptible person. This framework should not be seen as a confirmation of the hypothesis but rather as an expanded view of its complexities, which could help shaping an agenda for research into a number of unanswered questions. Finally, the paper briefly discusses practical implications, based on current knowledge, for containment of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32436229, "pmcid": "PMC7267130", "title": "Could COVID-19 have an impact on male fertility?", "journal": "Andrologia", "authors": ["Illiano, Ester", "Trama, Francesco", "Costantini, Elisabetta"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436229", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic caused by Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to several hypotheses of functional alteration of different organs. The direct influence of this virus on the male urogenital organs is still to be evaluated. However some hypotheses can already be made, especially in the andrological field, for the biological similarity of the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2. As well as SARS-CoV, SARS CoV-2 uses the 'Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2' (ACE2) as a receptor to enter human cells. It was found that ACE2, Angiotensin (1-7) and its MAS receptors are present, over in the lung, also in the testicles, in particular in Leydig and Sertoli cells. A first hypothesis is that the virus could enter the testicle and lead to alterations in testicular functionality. A second hypothesis is that the binding of the virus to the ACE2 receptor, could cause an excess of ACE2 and give rise to a typical inflammatory response. The inflammatory cells could interfere with the function of Leydig and Sertoli cells. Both hypotheses should be evaluated and confirmed, in order to possibly monitor fertility in patients COVID-19+."}, {"pmid": 32362977, "pmcid": "PMC7188381", "title": "Abnormal Hemostatic Parameters and Risk of Thromboembolism Among Patients With COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "J Hematol", "authors": ["Castelli, Roberto", "Gidaro, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362977", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31995857, "pmcid": "PMC7121484", "title": "Early Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China, of Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Li, Qun", "Guan, Xuhua", "Wu, Peng", "Wang, Xiaoye", "Zhou, Lei", "Tong, Yeqing", "Ren, Ruiqi", "Leung, Kathy S M", "Lau, Eric H Y", "Wong, Jessica Y", "Xing, Xuesen", "Xiang, Nijuan", "Wu, Yang", "Li, Chao", "Chen, Qi", "Li, Dan", "Liu, Tian", "Zhao, Jing", "Liu, Man", "Tu, Wenxiao", "Chen, Chuding", "Jin, Lianmei", "Yang, Rui", "Wang, Qi", "Zhou, Suhua", "Wang, Rui", "Liu, Hui", "Luo, Yinbo", "Liu, Yuan", "Shao, Ge", "Li, Huan", "Tao, Zhongfa", "Yang, Yang", "Deng, Zhiqiang", "Liu, Boxi", "Ma, Zhitao", "Zhang, Yanping", "Shi, Guoqing", "Lam, Tommy T Y", "Wu, Joseph T", "Gao, George F", "Cowling, Benjamin J", "Yang, Bo", "Leung, Gabriel M", "Feng, Zijian"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31995857", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The initial cases of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-infected pneumonia (NCIP) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 and January 2020. We analyzed data on the first 425 confirmed cases in Wuhan to determine the epidemiologic characteristics of NCIP. We collected information on demographic characteristics, exposure history, and illness timelines of laboratory-confirmed cases of NCIP that had been reported by January 22, 2020. We described characteristics of the cases and estimated the key epidemiologic time-delay distributions. In the early period of exponential growth, we estimated the epidemic doubling time and the basic reproductive number. Among the first 425 patients with confirmed NCIP, the median age was 59 years and 56% were male. The majority of cases (55%) with onset before January 1, 2020, were linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market, as compared with 8.6% of the subsequent cases. The mean incubation period was 5.2 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1 to 7.0), with the 95th percentile of the distribution at 12.5 days. In its early stages, the epidemic doubled in size every 7.4 days. With a mean serial interval of 7.5 days (95% CI, 5.3 to 19), the basic reproductive number was estimated to be 2.2 (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.9). On the basis of this information, there is evidence that human-to-human transmission has occurred among close contacts since the middle of December 2019. Considerable efforts to reduce transmission will be required to control outbreaks if similar dynamics apply elsewhere. Measures to prevent or reduce transmission should be implemented in populations at risk. (Funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China and others.)."}, {"pmid": 32213268, "title": "[Risk assessment and early warning of imported COVID-19 in Guangdong province].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hu, J X", "Liu, T", "Xiao, J P", "He, G H", "Rong, Z H", "Yin, L H", "Wan, D H", "Zeng, W L", "Gong, D X", "Guo, L C", "Zhu, Z H", "Zeng, L L", "Kang, M", "Song, T", "Zhong, H J", "He, J F", "Sun, L M", "Li, Y", "Ma, W J"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213268", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To assess the imported risk of COVID-19 in Guangdong province and its cities, and conduct early warning. Methods: Data of reported COVID-19 cases and Baidu Migration Index of 21 cities in Guangdong province and other provinces of China as of February 25, 2020 were collected. The imported risk index of each city in Guangdong province were calculated, and then correlation analysis was performed between reported cases and the imported risk index to identify lag time. Finally, we classified the early warming levels of epidemic by imported risk index. Results: A total of 1 347 confirmed cases were reported in Guangdong province, and 90.0% of the cases were clustered in the Pearl River Delta region. The average daily imported risk index of Guangdong was 44.03. Among the imported risk sources of each city, the highest risk of almost all cities came from Hubei province, except for Zhanjiang from Hainan province. In addition, the neighboring provinces of Guangdong province also had a greater impact. The correlation between the imported risk index with a lag of 4 days and the daily reported cases was the strongest (correlation coefficient: 0.73). The early warning base on cumulative 4-day risk of each city showed that Dongguan, Shenzhen, Zhongshan, Guangzhou, Foshan and Huizhou have high imported risks in the next 4 days, with imported risk indexes of 38.85, 21.59, 11.67, 11.25, 6.19 and 5.92, and the highest risk still comes from Hubei province. Conclusions: Cities with a large number of migrants in Guangdong province have a higher risk of import. Hubei province and neighboring provinces in Guangdong province are the main source of the imported risk. Each city must strengthen the health management of migrants in high-risk provinces and reduce the imported risk of Guangdong province."}, {"pmid": 32453196, "title": "A 14-year Prospective Study of Human Coronavirus Infections in Hospitalized Children: Comparison With Other Respiratory Viruses.", "journal": "Pediatr Infect Dis J", "authors": ["Calvo, Cristina", "Alcolea, Sonia", "Casas, Inmaculada", "Pozo, Francisco", "Iglesias, Maria", "Gonzalez-Esguevillas, Monica", "Luz Garcia-Garcia, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453196", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been recognized as causative agents of respiratory tract infections.Our aim was to describe HCoV infections in hospitalized children in a prospective surveillance study for 14 years and compare them with other respiratory viruses. As a part of an ongoing prospective study to identify the etiology of viral respiratory infections in Spain, we performed the analysis of HCoV infections in children hospitalized in a secondary hospital in Madrid, between October 2005 and June 2018. Clinical data of HCoV patients were compared with those infected by rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus and influenza. The study population consisted of 5131 hospitalizations for respiratory causes in children. A total of 3901 cases (75.9%) had a positive viral identification and 205 cases (4.1%) were positive for HCoV. Only 41 cases (20%) of HCoV infection were detected as single infections. Episodes of recurrent wheezing were the most common diagnosis, and 112 children (54%) had hypoxia. Clinical data in HCoV cases were similar to those associated with rhinovirus; however, patients with HCoV were younger. Other viruses were associated with hypoxia more frequently than cases with HCoV; high fever was more common in influenza infections and bronchiolitis in respiratory syncytial virus group. Although a slight peak of circulation appears mostly in winter, HCoV has been detected throughout the year as well. HCoV infections represent a small fraction of respiratory infections that require hospitalization in children and their characteristics do not differ greatly from other respiratory viral infections."}, {"pmid": 32394689, "title": "COVID-19, Renin-angiotensin System and Hematopoiesis.", "journal": "Turk J Haematol", "authors": ["Ciftciler, Rafiye", "Haznedaroglu, Ibrahim C"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394689", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352180, "pmcid": "PMC7267300", "title": "COVID-19: Nasal and oropharyngeal swab.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Petruzzi, Gerardo", "De Virgilio, Armando", "Pichi, Barbara", "Mazzola, Francesco", "Zocchi, Jacopo", "Mercante, Giuseppe", "Spriano, Giuseppe", "Pellini, Raul"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352180", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Performing a proper nasal and oropharyngeal swab procedure is essential in the screening of COVID-19 infection. The video illustration of nasal and oropharyngeal swab is presented (Video S1). To correctly perform the nasopharyngeal swab, the patient must be seated comfortably with the back of their head against the headrest. The swab is inserted in the nose horizontally, along an imaginary line between the nostril and the ear. Oropharyngeal sampling is easier to perform. The swab is directed toward the rear wall of the oropharynx and it is rotated a few times before removal. After taking the sample, it is necessary to insert both swabs in the same tube, breaking the rod with one swift and controlled movement. Finally, carefully reset the cap. It appears to be extremely important to properly collect nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs in order to minimize the false negative rate among COVID-19 positive patients."}, {"pmid": 32520108, "title": "Evolution of indicators and service capacity at the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic in Northeast Brazil, 2020.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Marinelli, Natalia Pereira", "Albuquerque, Layana Pacheco de Araujo", "Sousa, Isaura Danielli Borges de", "Batista, Francisca Miriane de Araujo", "Mascarenhas, Marcio Denis Medeiros", "Rodrigues, Malvina Thais Pacheco"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520108", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "to describe the evolution of indicators and capacity for health care in the initial phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in the Northeast region of Brazil. this was a descriptive study based on COVID-19 case epidemiological bulletins released by the Ministry of Health up until April 1st, 2020. The incidence rate, lethality and number of cumulative daily cases were calculated. 1,005 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were identified, most of them in Cear\u00e1 and Bahia states. The incidence rate was 1.8/100,000 inhabitants and lethality was 2.7%. Cear\u00e1 was the state with the highest number of cases, with 29.6 new cases per day on average. Average intensive care bed availability in the Northeast region (1.04/10,000 inhab.) was below the national average (2.8/10,000 inhab.). the indicators suggest that COVID-19 impact is heterogeneous and signal the challenges for health systems in the Northeast Region."}, {"pmid": 32527823, "title": "Aggregating data from COVID-19 trials.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Ogburn, Elizabeth L", "Bierer, Barbara E", "Brookmeyer, Ron", "Choirat, Christine", "Dean, Natalie E", "De Gruttola, Victor", "Ellenberg, Susan S", "Halloran, M Elizabeth", "Hanley, Daniel F Jr", "Lee, Joseph K", "Wang, Rui", "Scharfstein, Daniel O"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527823", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352484, "title": "Testing an Old Therapy Against a New Disease: Convalescent Plasma for COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Rubin, Rita"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352484", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364037, "title": "The reproductive health fall-out of a global pandemic.", "journal": "Sex Reprod Health Matters", "authors": ["Thorne, Julie G", "Buitendyk, Marie", "Wawuda, Righa", "Lewis, Brianne", "Bernard, Caitlin", "Spitzer, Rachel F"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364037", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354565, "pmcid": "PMC7129244", "title": "[Case fatality rate of COVID-19: absence of epidemiological pattern].", "journal": "Gac Sanit", "authors": ["Medeiros de Figueiredo, Alexandre", "Daponte, Antonio", "Moreira Marculino de Figueiredo, Daniela Cristina", "Gil-Garcia, Eugenia", "Kalache, Alexandre"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354565", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Analyze a set of indicators to understand the variability of the evolution and impact of the COVID-19 epidemic in a set of selected countries. Ecological study of a group of countries with more than 200 reported cases. Demographic variables, health expenditure variables, and variables about characteristics of health services were included as explanatory variables. and incidence, mortality and fatality rates have been analyzed as response variables. In addition, a relative fatality index has been created. Data are from international organizations. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to estimate the magnitude of the associations. Number of tests and of medical professionals are associated with a higher incidence rate. Mortality and case fatality rate are not associated with demographic, health expenditure, or health services variables. Differences suggest a general underestimation of the magnitude of the epidemic. Improvement of case identification and effectiveness of epidemiological surveillance systems is necessary."}, {"pmid": 32220991, "title": "In other Covid-19 news.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220991", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468348, "pmcid": "PMC7255636", "title": "COVID-19 Data and the Cancer Patient: A Need for Registry Inclusion.", "journal": "Ann Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Greene, Frederick Leslie"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468348", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418730, "pmcid": "PMC7204701", "title": "\"Off-label\" use of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir-ritonavir and chloroquine in COVID-19: A survey of cardiac adverse drug reactions by the French Network of Pharmacovigilance Centers.", "journal": "Therapie", "authors": ["Gerard, Alexandre", "Romani, Serena", "Fresse, Audrey", "Viard, Delphine", "Parassol, Nadege", "Granvuillemin, Aurelie", "Chouchana, Laurent", "Rocher, Fanny", "Drici, Milou-Daniel"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418730", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an unprecedented challenge for physicians and scientists. Several publicized drugs are being used with not much evidence of their efficacy such as hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin or lopinavir-ritonavir. Yet, the cardiac safety of these drugs in COVID-19 deserves scrutiny as they are known to foster cardiac adverse ADRs, notably QTc interval prolongation on the electrocardiogram and its arrhythmogenic consequences. Since March 27th, 2020, the French Pharmacovigilance Network directed all cardiac adverse drug reactions associated with \"off-label\" use of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and lopinavir-ritonavir in COVID-19 to the Nice Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance. Each Regional Center of Pharmacovigilance first assessed causality of drugs. We performed a specific analysis of these cardiac adverse drug reactions amidst an array of risk factors, reassessed the electrocardiograms and estimated their incidence in coronavirus disease 2019. In one month, 120 reports of cardiac adverse drug reactions have been notified, 103 of which associated with hydroxychloroquine alone (86%), or associated with azithromycin (60%). Their estimated incidence is 0.77% to 1.54% of all patients, notwithstanding strong underreporting. Lopinavir-ritonavir came third with 17 reports (14%) and chloroquine fourth with 3 reports (2.5%). There were 8 sudden, unexplained or aborted deaths (7%), 8 ventricular arrhythmias (7%), 90 reports of prolonged QTc (75%) most of them \"serious\" (64%), 48 of which proved \u2265 500ms, 20 reports of severe conduction disorders (17%) and 5 reports of other cardiac causes (4%). Six reports derived from automedication. \"Off-label\" use of treatments in COVID-19 increases the risk of cardiac ADRs, some of them avoidable. Even if these drugs are perceived as familiar, they are used in patients with added risk factors caused by infection. Precautions should be taken to mitigate the risk, even if they will be proven efficacious."}, {"pmid": 32525383, "title": "Aging veterans' mental health and well-being in the context of COVID-19: The importance of social ties during physical distancing.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Marini, Christina M", "Pless Kaiser, Anica", "Smith, Brian N", "Fiori, Katherine L"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525383", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prior wartime trauma likely acts as a double-edged sword that promotes both aging veterans' vulnerability and resilience in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic. During this stressful time, aging veterans may benefit from having an array of socially supportive network ties. We therefore suggest that clinicians working with veterans encourage veterans to (a) create or sustain positive social connections while maintaining physical distance and (b) call upon coping strategies that helped them manage past difficulties. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32491108, "pmcid": "PMC7269525", "title": "COVID-19: challenges for a new epoch.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Silva, Cleyton Martins da", "Arbilla, Graciela"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491108", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32443114, "title": "Where Are the Masks?", "journal": "Am J Nurs", "authors": ["Todd, Betsy"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443114", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Shortages of vital PPE during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32519892, "title": "Consideration of Pannexin 1 channels in COVID-19 pathology and treatment.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Swayne, Leigh Anne", "Johnstone, Scott R", "Ng, Chen Seng", "Sanchez-Arias, Juan C", "Good, Miranda E", "Penuela, Silvia", "Lohman, Alexander W", "Wolpe, Abigail G", "Laubach, Victor E", "Koval, Michael", "Isakson, Brant E"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519892", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pannexin1 (PANX1) is a ubiquitously expressed, channel-forming protein found in a number of tissues thoughout the body (e.g. lung, vasculature, liver, central nervous system, immune system) that is important in many key physiological and immune responses. PANX1 channels passively flux ATP (predominantly), multiple metabolites, and likely other small anions. PANX1 channels regulate inflammation and host responses to several pathogens, including viruses. While there is currently no evidence suggesting novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and PANX1 directly interact, there is an urgent need for therapeutic strategies, especially those targeting the hyper-inflammation and cytokine storm that occurs in severe cases of COVID-19. Here we argue that PANX1, and drugs known to target PANX1 (including the FDA-approved drug probenecid), should be the focus of further investigation in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its associated pathology in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32376392, "pmcid": "PMC7196557", "title": "Should we stimulate or suppress immune responses in COVID-19? Cytokine and anti-cytokine interventions.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Jamilloux, Yvan", "Henry, Thomas", "Belot, Alexandre", "Viel, Sebastien", "Fauter, Maxime", "El Jammal, Thomas", "Walzer, Thierry", "Francois, Bruno", "Seve, Pascal"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376392", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-19 pandemic (COVID-19), which appeared in China in December 2019 and rapidly spread throughout the world, has forced clinicians and scientists to take up extraordinary challenges. This unprecedented situation led to the inception of numerous fundamental research protocols and many clinical trials. It quickly became apparent that although COVID-19, in the vast majority of cases, was a benign disease, it could also develop a severe form with sometimes fatal outcomes. Cytokines are central to the pathophysiology of COVID-19; while some of them are beneficial (type-I interferon, interleukin-7), others appear detrimental (interleukin-1\u03b2, -6, and TNF-\u03b1) particularly in the context of the so-called cytokine storm. Yet another characteristic of the disease has emerged: concomitant immunodeficiency, notably involving impaired type-I interferon response, and lymphopenia. This review provides an overview of current knowledge on COVID-19 immunopathology. We discuss the defective type-I IFN response, the theoretical role of IL-7 to restore lymphocyte repertoire, as well as we mention the two patterns observed in severe COVID-19 (i.e. interleukin-1\u03b2-driven macrophage activation syndrome vs. interleukin-6-driven immune dysregulation). Next, reviewing current evidence drawn from clinical trials, we examine a number of cytokine and anti-cytokine therapies, including interleukin-1, -6, and TNF inhibitors, as well as less targeted therapies, such as corticosteroids, chloroquine, or JAK inhibitors."}, {"pmid": 32447121, "pmcid": "PMC7242202", "title": "Unheralded Lower Limb Threatening Ischemia in a COVID-19 Patient.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Andrea, Vacirca", "Gianluca, Faggioli", "Rodolfo, Pini", "Paolo, Teutonico", "Alessandro, Pilato", "Mauro, Gargiulo"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447121", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute thromboembolic events appear to be frequent in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We report a case of an intubated patient, who developed a threatening lower limb ischemia. Intra-arterial fibrinolysis and intravenous heparin infusion did not lead to complete recanalization of the tibial arteries, which were successfully treated by surgical embolectomy."}, {"pmid": 32303672, "pmcid": "PMC7163165", "title": "COVID-19 tsunami: the first case of a spinal cord injury patient in Italy.", "journal": "Spinal Cord Ser Cases", "authors": ["Righi, Gabriele", "Del Popolo, Giulio"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303672", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present the report of the first, to our best knowledge, case of COVID-19 in a tetraplegic person. A 56-year-old male with AIS A C4 tetraplegia developed fever during the night, without any prodrome. His general practitioner suspected a urinary tract infection and prescribed him antibiotic therapy. After 2 days of antibiotic therapy the fever still persisted, so the individual was admitted to the local hospital and treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics. After 2 days he was transferred to our spinal unit. Considering the worsening of the chest X-ray and fever despite 48\u2009h of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, we strongly suspected viral pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 was detected and antiviral therapy with Lopinavir/Ritonavir, associated with hydroxychloroquine, was promptly started. Fever ceased after 2 days of therapy. Blood test and chest X-ray findings in this patient were similar to previously published findings regarding COVID-19. One difference between this case and the known clinical course of COVID-19 is that did not develop cough. Another interesting feature of our case is that, despite tetraplegia, the clinical course was not severe. Persons with COVID-19 remain asymptomatic, these results underscore the need for rehabilitation and SCI professionals to have a high index of suspicion for COVID-19 in their inpatient and outpatient clients. Only inpatient with fever hase being tested for COVID-19. All new patients are submitted to SARS-COV-2 Test. Moreover, routine testing of patients who have to participate in therapy in common gym areas may be warranted."}, {"pmid": 32268019, "title": "[Clinical experience of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in severe corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["He, Guojun", "Han, Yijiao", "Fang, Qiang", "Zhou, Jianying", "Shen, Jifang", "Li, Tong", "Pu, Qibing", "Chen, Aijun", "Qi, Zhiyang", "Sun, Lijun", "Cai, Hongliu"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268019", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute respiratory failure due to acute hypoxemia is the major manifestation in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Rational and effective respiratory support is crucial in the management of COVID-19 patients. High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has been utilized widely due to its superiority over other non-invasive respiratory support techniques. To avoid HFNC failure and intubation delay, the key issues are proper patients, timely application and improving compliance. It should be noted that elder patients are vulnerable for failed HFNC. We applied HFNC for oxygen therapy in severe and critical COVID-19 patients and summarized the following experiences. Firstly, to select the proper size of nasal catheter, to locate it at suitable place, and to confirm the nose and the upper respiratory airway unobstructed. Secondly, an initial flow of 60 L/min and 37\u2103 should be given immediately for patients with obvious respiratory distress or weak cough ability; otherwise, low-level support should be given first and the level gradually increased. Thirdly, to avoid hypoxia or hypoxemia, the treatment goal of HFNC should be maintained the oxygen saturation (SpO2) above 95% for patients without chronic pulmonary disease. Finally, patients should wear a surgical mask during HFNC treatment to reduce the risk of virus transmission through droplets or aerosols."}, {"pmid": 32317275, "pmcid": "PMC7234273", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with spontaneous pneumothorax.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Rohailla, Sagar", "Ahmed, Najma", "Gough, Kevin"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317275", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386950, "pmcid": "PMC7252195", "title": "Virtual Read-Out: Radiology Education for the 21st Century During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Li, Charles H", "Rajamohan, Anandh G", "Acharya, Patricia T", "Liu, Chia-Shang J", "Patel, Vishal", "Go, John L", "Kim, Paul E", "Acharya, Jay"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Technologic advances have resulted in the expansion of web-based conferencing and education. While historically video-conferencing has been used for didactic educational sessions, we present its novel use in virtual radiology read-outs in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowledge of key aspects of set-up, implementation, and possible pitfalls of video-conferencing technology in the application of virtual read-outs can help to improve the educational experience of radiology trainees and promote potential future distance learning and collaboration."}, {"pmid": 32523923, "pmcid": "PMC7279896", "title": "Pericardial Fluid in a COVID-19 Patient: Is It Exudate or Transudate?", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Allam, Hassan H", "Kinsara, Abdulhalim J", "Tuaima, Tareq", "Alfakih, Shadwan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523923", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Very limited information is available on pericardial effusion as a complication of COVID-19 infection. There are no reports regarding pericardial fluid findings in COVID-19 patients. We describe a 41-year-old woman, with confirmed COVID-19, who presented with a large pericardial effusion. The pericardial fluid was drained. We present the laboratory findings to improve knowledge of this virus. We believe this is the first such reported case. Findings suggested the fluid was exudative, with remarkably high lactate dehydrogenase and albumin levels. We hope our data provide additional insight into the diagnosis and therapeutic options for managing this infection.LEARNING POINTS: Laboratory findings of drained pericardial fluid in a patient with COVID-19 are presented.The clinical presentation of pericardial involvement in COVID-19 infection and the role of echocardiography in diagnosis and management are described."}, {"pmid": 32484227, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: A Collection of Relevant Publications from Military Medicine.", "journal": "Mil Med", "authors": ["Talbot, Laura A", "Haffner, William H J", "Rice, Charles L", "Rothwell, Stephen W"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484227", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519294, "title": "Use of a portable computed tomography scanner for chest imaging of COVID-19 patients in the urgent care at a tertiary cancer center.", "journal": "Emerg Radiol", "authors": ["Bates, David D B", "Vintonyak, Andriy", "Mohabir, Rennie", "Mahmood, Usman", "Soto, Pat", "Groeger, Jeffrey S", "Ginsberg, Michelle S", "Gollub, Marc J"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519294", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To present a novel use of a portable computed tomography (CT) for evaluation of COVID-19 patients presenting to an urgent care center (UCC). Infection control is imperative for hospitals treating patients with COVID-19, even more so in cancer centers, where the majority of the patient population is susceptible to adverse outcomes from the infection. Over the past several weeks, our department has worked to repurpose a portable CT scanner from our surgical colleagues that operates with fixed-parameters to perform non-contrast, helical, thin-slice chest imaging to address the known pulmonary complications of COVID-19. Despite the technical limitations of the portable CT unit that was repurposed for the UCC, diagnostic-quality images in an acute care setting were successfully obtained. Repurposing of a portable CT scanner for use in COVID-19 patients offers a feasible option to obtain diagnostic quality images while minimizing the risk of exposing other patients and hospital staff to an infected patient."}, {"pmid": 32405230, "pmcid": "PMC7219379", "title": "Supporting Young Adults to Rise to the Challenge of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Nagata, Jason M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405230", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268640, "title": "[Technical guideline for disinfection of wastewater and wastes of medical organizations during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268640", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This technical guideline is applicable to disinfection of wastewater and wastes of medical organizations during COVID-19 outbreak. The purpose of the guideline is to eliminate various pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses, effectively block the virus transmission pathways, and guide medical organizations to carry out the prevention and control of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32245264, "pmcid": "PMC7151655", "title": "Emetine, Ipecac, Ipecac Alkaloids and Analogues as Potential Antiviral Agents for Coronaviruses.", "journal": "Pharmaceuticals (Basel)", "authors": ["Bleasel, Martin D", "Peterson, Gregory M"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245264", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 coronavirus is currently spreading around the globe with limited treatment options available. This article presents the rationale for potentially using old drugs (emetine, other ipecac alkaloids or analogues) that have been used to treat amoebiasis in the treatment of COVID-19. Emetine had amongst the lowest reported half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) from over 290 agents screened for the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronaviruses. While EC50 concentrations of emetine are achievable in the blood, studies show that concentrations of emetine can be almost 300 times higher in the lungs. Furthermore, based on the relative EC50s of emetine towards the coronaviruses compared with Entamoeba histolytica, emetine could be much more effective as an anti-coronavirus agent than it is against amoebiasis. This paper also discusses the known side effects of emetine and related compounds, how those side effects can be managed, and the optimal method of administration for the potential treatment of COVID-19. Given the serious and immediate threat that the COVID-19 coronavirus poses, our long history with emetine and the likely ability of emetine to reach therapeutic concentrations within the lungs, ipecac, emetine, and other analogues should be considered as potential treatment options, especially if in vitro studies confirm viral sensitivity."}, {"pmid": 32427636, "title": "ACE Inhibitors and ARBs in Patients with COVID-19: Friend or Foe?", "journal": "Cardiol Rev", "authors": ["Shyh, Grace I", "Nawarskas, James J", "Cheng-Lai, Angela"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427636", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528783, "pmcid": "PMC7282368", "title": "Neurological and Psychological Effects of Coronavirus (COVID-19): An Overview of the Current Era Pandemic.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Rahman, Jawaria", "Muralidharan, Abilash", "Quazi, Sohail J", "Saleem, Hajra", "Khan, Safeera"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528783", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is a catastrophic illness that has significantly altered the world's panoramic view of medicine. As the number of cases\u00a0around the globe rise, the COVID-19 research writing has been immediately enhanced by professionals internationally. In this review, we focus on the neurological and psychological effects of COVID-19, which can determine both the severity of coronavirus and its related pandemic\u00a0respectively. While it is critical to distinguish the neurological manifestations from the psychological effects,\u00a0the latter is becoming more pervasive due to the fast-expanding outbreak. We conducted a systematic review and included observational retrospective, case-series studies, and surveys to establish the largest pool of valuable research. Articles on these approaches were conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google scholar. Some gray material was also selected because of the recent nature of the disease. Data collected from the studies have proposed that COVID-19 is not unusual in demonstrating the neurological symptoms, as it proved in the past by its sister\u00a0coronaviruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-1 (SARS-COV-1) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-COV). Studies have presented that some patients with COVID-19 also showed neurological signs, such as headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, loss of taste and smell, and impaired consciousness. However, it necessary to clarify that the invasion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) directly or indirectly affects the central nervous system (CNS). Contrarily, the COVID-19 pandemic has affected every single element of life. It has not only changed the individual's health directly but also has significant psychological, economic, and sociological effects. These issues indicate\u00a0the disease's extraordinary threat, and we must\u00a0realize that another pandemic will shortly follow it: that of mental and behavioral illness. Thus, the long-lasting psychological implications of this outbreak deserve further investigation side by side."}, {"pmid": 32534188, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus -2 (SARS-CoV-2): A global pandemic and treatments strategies.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Sharma, Atul", "Tiwari, Swapnil", "Deb, Manas Kanti", "Marty, Jean Louis"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534188", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence and rapid spread of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a potentially fatal disease is swiftly evolving public health crises worldwide. The origin of SARS-CoV-2 infection was first reported in people exposed to wet animal market in Wuhan City, China in December 2019. It was suggested that the infection is likely to be of zoonotic origin and transmitted to human through yet unknown intermediary. As of (22/05/2020), there are around 4,995,996 confirmed cases reported by WHO with 327,821 deaths. SARS-CoV-2 infection is transmitted via inhalation or direct contact of infected people's droplets. It has an incubation period ranging from 2 to 14 days or more. The rate of spread of SARS-CoV-2 is more than partially resembled coronavirus (SARS-CoV and MERS). The symptoms are similar to influenza like, breathlessness, sore throat and fatigue therefore, infected person is isolated and administrated with effective treatments. Infection is mild in most but in elderly (>50 years) and those with cardiac and respiratory disorder, it may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multi organ failure. People with strong immunity or those developed herd immunity are asymptomatic. Fatality rate ranges to 3-4% on case basis. Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 is recommended in respiratory secretions by special molecular tests like PCR, chest scan and common laboratory diagnosis. Currently, the existing treatment is essentially supportive and role of antiviral agents is yet to be established as there is no vaccination or therapy available. This review focuses on epidemiology, symptoms, transmission, pathogenesis, ongoing available treatments and future perspectives of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32484156, "title": "Why is There Low Morbidity and Mortality of COVID-19 in Africa?", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Njenga, M Kariuki", "Dawa, Jeanette", "Nanyingi, Mark", "Gachohi, John", "Ngere, Isaac", "Letko, Michael", "Otieno, C F", "Gunn, Bronwyn M", "Osoro, Eric"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484156", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Three months since the detection of the first COVID-19 case in Africa, almost all countries of the continent continued to report lower morbidity and mortality than the global trend, including Europe and North America. We reviewed the merits of various hypotheses advanced to explain this phenomenon, including low seeding rate, effective mitigation measures, population that is more youthful, favorable weather, and possible prior exposure to a cross-reactive virus. Having a youthful population and favorable weather appears compelling, particularly their combined effect; however, progression of the pandemic in the region and globally may dispel these in the coming months."}, {"pmid": 32074258, "title": "Preparing for the Most Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: The Potential Role of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["MacLaren, Graeme", "Fisher, Dale", "Brodie, Daniel"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32074258", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514689, "title": "The potential of drug repositioning as a short-term strategy for the control and treatment of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2): a systematic review.", "journal": "Arch Virol", "authors": ["Lima, William Gustavo", "Brito, Julio Cesar Moreira", "Overhage, Joerg", "Nizer, Waleska Stephanie da Cruz"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514689", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel human\u00a0coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, has quickly become a threat to the public health and economy worldwide. Despite the severity of some cases, there are no current pathogen-specific antivirals available to treat the disease. Therefore, many studies have focused on the evaluation of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of clinically available drugs. Here, we conducted a systematic review to describe the drug repositioning strategy against SARS-CoV-2 and to discuss the clinical impact of this approach in the current pandemic context. The systematic review was performed on March 23, 2020, using PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Biblioteca Virtual de Sa\u00fade (BVS). The data were summarized in tables and critically analyzed. After the database search, 12 relevant studies were identified as eligible for the review. Among the drugs reported in these studies, 57 showed some evidence of antiviral activity. Antivirals, especially antiretrovirals, are the main class of therapeutic agents evaluated against COVID-19. Moreover, studies have reported the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of antitumor (16%; 9/57), antimalarial (7%, 4/57), and antibacterial (5%; 3/57) agents. Additionally, seven pharmacological agents (chloroquine, tetrandrine, umifenovir (arbidol), carrimycin, damageprevir, lopinavir/ritonavir) are in phase IV of clinical trials. Due to the evidence of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of various clinically available agents, drug repositioning stands out as a promising strategy for a short-term response in the fight against the novel coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32253352, "title": "Preparing a neurology department for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): Early experiences at Columbia University Irving Medical Center and the New York Presbyterian Hospital in New York City.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Waldman, Genna", "Mayeux, Richard", "Claassen, Jan", "Agarwal, Sachin", "Willey, Joshua", "Anderson, Emily", "Punzalan, Patricia", "Lichtcsien, Ryan", "Bell, Michelle", "Przedborski, Serge", "Ulane, Christina", "Roberts, Kirk", "Williams, Olajide", "Lassman, Andrew B", "Lennihan, Laura", "Thakur, Kiran T"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253352", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32512383, "title": "Mitigating Coronavirus-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Radiotherapy.", "journal": "iScience", "authors": ["Li, Jian Jian"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512383", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) induced by SARS-CoV-2-mediated cytokine storm (CS) in lungs leads to the high mortality in COVID-19 patients. To reduce ARDS, an ideal approach is to diminish virus loading by activating immune cells for CS prevention or to suppress the overactive cytokine-releasing immune cells for CS inhibition. Here, a potential radiation-mediated CS regulation is raised by reevaluating the radiation-mediated pneumonia control in the 1920s, with the following latent advantages of lung radiotherapy (LR) in treatment of COVID-19: (1) radiation accesses poorly circulated tissue more efficiently than blood-delivered medications; (2) low-dose radiation (LDR)-mediated metabolic rewiring and immune cell activation inhibit virus loading; (3) pre-consumption of immune reserves by LDR decreases CS severity; (4) higherdose radiation (HDR) within lung-tolerable doses relieves CS by eliminating in situ overactive cytokine-releasing cells. Thus, LDR and HDR or combined with antiviral and life-supporting modalities may mitigate SARS-CoV-2 and other virus-mediated ARDS."}, {"pmid": 32376108, "pmcid": "PMC7252137", "title": "Archetype analysis of older adult immunization decision-making and implementation in 34 countries.", "journal": "Vaccine", "authors": ["Privor-Dumm, Lois", "Vasudevan, Prarthana", "Kobayashi, Kana", "Gupta, Jaya"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376108", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global population of adults over 65 years of age is growing rapidly and is expected to double by 2050. Countries will face substantial health, economic and social burden deriving from vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) such as influenza, pneumonia and herpes zoster in older adults. It will be essential that countries utilize several public health strategies, including immunization. Understanding the different approaches countries have taken on adult immunization could help provide future learnings and technical support for adult vaccines within life-course immunization strategies. In this study, we describe the priorities and approaches that underlie adult immunization decision-making and implementation processes in 32 high-and-middle-income countries and two territories (\"34 countries\") who recommend adult vaccines in their national schedule. We conducted an archetype analysis based on a subset of two dozen indicators abstracted from a larger database. The analysis was based on a mixed-methods study, including results from 120 key informant interviews in six countries and a landscape review of secondary data from 34 countries. We found four distinct archetypes: disease prevention-focused; health security-focused; evolving adult focus; and, child-focused and cost-sensitive. The highest performing countries belonged to the disease prevention-focused and health security archetypes, although there was a range of performance within each archetype. Considering common barriers and facilitators of decision-making and implementation of adult vaccines within a primary archetype could help provide a framework for strategies to support countries with similar needs and approaches. It can also help in developing context-specific policies and guidance, including for countries prioritizing adult immunization programs in light of COVID-19. Further research may be beneficial to further refine archetypes and expand the understanding of what influences success within them. This can help advance policies and action that will improve vaccine access for older adults and build a stronger appreciation of the value of immunization amongst a variety of stakeholders."}, {"pmid": 32350571, "pmcid": "PMC7190393", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 will continue to circulate in the human population: an opinion from the point of view of the virus-host relationship.", "journal": "Inflamm Res", "authors": ["Oberemok, Volodymyr V", "Laikova, Kateryna V", "Yurchenko, Kseniya A", "Fomochkina, Irina I", "Kubyshkin, Anatolii V"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350571", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the population level, the virus-host relationship is not set up to end with the complete elimination of either or both. Pathogen-resistant individuals will always remain in the host population. In turn, the virus can never completely eliminate the host population, because evolutionarily such an event is a dead end for the virus as an obligate intracellular parasite. A certain existential balance exists in the virus-host relationship. Against this backdrop, viral epidemics and pandemics only become manifest and egregious to human beings when tens and hundreds of thousands of people die and the question emerges what caused the high mortality peaks on the death chart. The answer seems clear; the emerging strain of the virus is new to the host population, and new mutations of the virus and natural selection will lead to a survival of only genetically resistant individuals in a host population. The dangers inherent to a novel virus are due to new features generally inthe molecular structure of proteins, which enable the virus to infect the cells of the host organism more intensively, dramatically challenging host immunity, and thus be transmitted more readily in the host population. In this article, we will concentrate on the facts currently available about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic and try to predict its development and consequences based on the virus-host relationship. In fact, only two scenarios will occur simultaneously in the very near future: people who are genetically resistant to the virus will get sick, recover, and develop immunity, while people who are sensitive to the virus will need drugs and vaccines, which will have to be researched and developed if they are to recover. If the pandemic does not stop, in a few decades it is anticipated that SARS-CoV-2 will become as safe as the four non-severe acute respiratory syndrome human coronaviruses (HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, and HCoV-229E) currently circulating but causing low mortality in the human population."}, {"pmid": 32276721, "pmcid": "PMC7141474", "title": "Ethical practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Dent Assoc", "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276721", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226289, "pmcid": "PMC7098029", "title": "Perspectives on therapeutic neutralizing antibodies against the Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Zhou, Guangyu", "Zhao, Qi"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226289", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A newly identified novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is causing pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome across the world. Epidemiology, genomics, and pathogenesis of the SARS-CoV-2 show high homology with that of SARS-CoV. Current efforts are focusing on development of specific antiviral drugs. Therapeutic neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2 will be greatly important therapeutic agents for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herein, the host immune responses against SARS-CoV discussed in this review provide implications for developing NAbs and understanding clinical interventions against SARS-CoV-2. Further, we describe the benefits, challenges and considerations of NAbs against SARS-CoV-2. Although many challenges exist, NAbs still offer a therapeutic option to control the current pandemic and the possible re-emergence of the virus in the future, and their development therefore remains a high priority."}, {"pmid": 32399655, "pmcid": "PMC7214858", "title": "Allogeneic cardiosphere-derived cells (CAP-1002) in critically ill COVID-19 patients: compassionate-use case series.", "journal": "Basic Res Cardiol", "authors": ["Singh, Siddharth", "Chakravarty, Tarun", "Chen, Peter", "Akhmerov, Akbarshakh", "Falk, Jeremy", "Friedman, Oren", "Zaman, Tanzira", "Ebinger, Joseph E", "Gheorghiu, Mitch", "Marban, Linda", "Marban, Eduardo", "Makkar, Raj R"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399655", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are no definitive therapies for patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed to improve clinical outcomes, particularly in patients with severe disease. This case series explores the safety and effectiveness of intravenous allogeneic cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs), formulated as CAP-1002, in critically ill patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Adverse reactions to CAP-1002, clinical status on the World Health Organization (WHO) ordinal scale, and changes in pro-inflammatory biomarkers and leukocyte counts were analyzed. All patients (n\u2009=\u20096; age range 19-75\u00a0years, 1 female) required ventilatory support (invasive mechanical ventilation, n\u2009=\u20095) with PaO2/FiO2 ranging from 69 to 198. No adverse events related to CAP-1002 administration were observed. Four patients (67%) were weaned from respiratory support and discharged from the hospital. One patient remains mechanically ventilated as of April 28th, 2020; all survive. A contemporaneous control group of critically ill COVID-19 patients (n\u2009=\u200934) at our institution showed 18% overall mortality at a similar stage of hospitalization. Ferritin was elevated in all patients at baseline (range of all patients 605.43-2991.52\u00a0ng/ml) and decreased in 5/6 patients (range of all patients 252.89-1029.90\u00a0ng/ml). Absolute lymphocyte counts were low in 5/6 patients at baseline (range 0.26-0.82\u2009\u00d7\u2009103/\u00b5l) but had increased in three of these five patients at last follow-up (range 0.23-1.02\u2009\u00d7\u2009103/\u00b5l). In this series of six critically ill COVID-19 patients, intravenous infusion of CAP-1002 was well tolerated and associated with resolution of critical illness in 4 patients. This series demonstrates the apparent safety of CAP-1002 in COVID-19. While this initial experience is promising, efficacy will need to be further assessed in a randomized controlled trial."}, {"pmid": 32498721, "pmcid": "PMC7272210", "title": "Risk estimation of the SARS-CoV-2 acute respiratory disease outbreak outside China.", "journal": "Theor Biol Med Model", "authors": ["Kim, Soyoung", "Choi, Sunhwa", "Ko, Youngsuk", "Ki, Moran", "Jung, Eunok"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498721", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the World Health Organization was alerted to the occurrence of cases of pneumonia in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, that were caused by an unknown virus, which was later identified as a coronavirus and named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We aimed to estimate the reproductive number of SARS-CoV-2 in the Hubei Province and evaluate the risk of an acute respiratory coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak outside China by using a mathematical model and stochastic simulations. We constructed a mathematical model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics, estimated the rate of transmission, and calculated the reproductive number in Hubei Province by using case-report data from January 11 to February 6, 2020. The possible number of secondary cases outside China was estimated by stochastic simulations in various scenarios of reductions in the duration to quarantine and rate of transmission. The rate of transmission was estimated as 0.8238 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.8095-0.8382), and the basic reproductive number as 4.1192 (95% CI 4.0473-4.1912). Assuming the same rate of transmission as in Hubei Province, the possibility of no local transmission is 54.9% with a 24-h quarantine strategy, and the possibility of more than 20 local transmission cases is 7% outside of China. The reproductive number for SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics is significantly higher compared to that of the previous SARS epidemic in China. This implies that human-to-human transmission is a significant factor for contagion in Hubei Province. Results of the stochastic simulation emphasize the role of quarantine implementation, which is critical to prevent and control the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak outside China."}, {"pmid": 32500666, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 in an Orthotopic Liver Transplant Recipient Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Modi, Anita R", "Koval, Christine E", "Taege, Alan J", "Modaresi Esfeh, Jamak", "Eghtesad, Bijan", "Menon, K V Narayanan", "Quintini, Cristiano", "Miller, Charles"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500666", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), mediated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can manifest with flu-like illness and severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Immunocompromised patients merit particular attention as altered host immunity may influence both disease severity and duration of viral shedding as is described with several other ribonucleic acid respiratory viruses. Yet immunocompromised status alone, in the absence of other comorbidities, may not necessarily predict severe illness presentations and poorer clinical outcomes as indicated by recent reports of COVID-19-infected solid organ transplant recipients and people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Such patients may even be spared the robust inflammatory response that precipitates ARDS associated with COVID-19, complicating the management of iatrogenic immunosuppression in this setting. We present a case of an orthotopic liver transplant recipient with well-controlled HIV who successfully recovered from a mild, flu-like illness attributed to SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32461287, "title": "Comparison of two commercial molecular tests and a laboratory-developed modification of the CDC 2019-nCoV RT-PCR assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Moore, Nicholas M", "Li, Haiying", "Schejbal, Debra", "Lindsley, Jennifer", "Hayden, Mary K"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461287", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We compared the ability of 2 commercial molecular amplification assays [RealTime SARS-CoV-2 on the m2000 (Abbott) (abbreviated ACOV) and ID NOW\u2122 COVID-19 (Abbott) (abbreviated IDNOW)] and a laboratory-developed test [modified CDC 2019-nCoV RT-PCR assay with RNA extraction by eMag\u00ae (bioM\u00e9rieux) and amplification on QuantStudio\u2122 6 or ABI 7500 Real-Time PCR System (Life Technologies) (abbreviated CDC COV)] to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in upper respiratory tract specimens. Discrepant results were adjudicated by medical record review. 200 nasopharyngeal swab specimens in viral transport medium (VTM) were collected from symptomatic patients between March 27 and April 9, 2020. Results were concordant for 167 specimens (83.5% overall agreement), including 94 positive and 73 negative specimens. The ACOV assay yielded 33 additional positive results, 25 of which were also positive by the CDC COV assay but not by the IDNOW assay. In a follow-up evaluation, 97 patients for whom a dry nasal swab specimen yielded negative results by IDNOW had a paired nasopharyngeal swab specimen collected in VTM and tested by the ACOV assay; SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 13 (13.4%) of these specimens. Medical record review deemed all discrepant results to be true positives. The IDNOW test was the easiest to perform and provided a result in the shortest time, but detected fewer cases of COVID-19. The ACOV assay detected more cases of COVID-19 than CDC COV or IDNOW assays."}, {"pmid": 32440984, "pmcid": "PMC7240805", "title": "Ethics in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Arora, Ananya", "Arora, Anmol"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440984", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360605, "pmcid": "PMC7189861", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak and Google searches: Is it really the time to worry about global mental health?", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Misiak, Blazej", "Szczesniak, Dorota", "Koczanowicz, Leszek", "Rymaszewska, Joanna"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360605", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354748, "pmcid": "PMC7231547", "title": "Working from home in the time of covid-19: how to best preserve occupational health?", "journal": "Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Bouziri, Hanifa", "Smith, David R M", "Descatha, Alexis", "Dab, William", "Jean, Kevin"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354748", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32133832, "title": "[WITHDRAWN: Potential false-positive rate among the 'asymptomatic infected individuals' in close contacts of COVID-19 patients].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhuang, G H", "Shen, M W", "Zeng, L X", "Mi, B B", "Chen, F Y", "Liu, W J", "Pei, L L", "Qi, X", "Li, C"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133832", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Editor office\u2019s response for Ahead of Print article withdrawn The article \u201cPotential false-positive rate among the \u2018asymptomatic infected individuals\u2019 in close contacts of COVID-19 patients\u201d was under strong discussion after pre-published. Questions from the readers mainly focused on the article\u2019s results and conclusions were depended on theoretical deduction, but not the field epidemiology data and further researches were needed to prove the current theory. Based on previous discussions, the article was decided to be offline by the editorial board from the pre-publish lists.\nObjective: As the prevention and control of COVID-19continues to advance, the active nucleic acid test screening in the close contacts of the patients has been carrying out in many parts of China. However, the false-positive rate of positive results in the screening has not been reported up to now. But\u00a0to\u00a0clearify\u00a0the\u00a0false-positive\u00a0rate\u00a0during\u00a0screening\u00a0is\u00a0important\u00a0in\u00a0COVID-19\u00a0control\u00a0and\u00a0prevention. Methods: Point values and reasonable ranges of the indicators which impact the false-positive rate of positive results were estimated based on the information available to us at present. The false-positive rate of positive results in the active screening was deduced, and univariate and multivariate-probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to understand the robustness of the findings. Results: When the infection rate of the close contacts and the sensitivity and specificity of reported results were taken as the point estimates, the positive predictive value of the active screening was only 19.67%, in contrast, the false-positive rate of positive results was 80.33%. The multivariate-probabilistic sensitivity analysis results supported the base-case findings, with a 75% probability for the false-positive rate of positive results over 47%. Conclusions: In the close contacts of COVID-19 patients, nearly half or even more of the 'asymptomatic infected individuals' reported in the active nucleic acid test screening might be false positives."}, {"pmid": 32391022, "pmcid": "PMC7194125", "title": "Serological Approaches for COVID-19: Epidemiologic Perspective on Surveillance and Control.", "journal": "Front Immunol", "authors": ["Lee, Cheryl Yi-Pin", "Lin, Raymond T P", "Renia, Laurent", "Ng, Lisa F P"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391022", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has garnered global attention due to its rapid transmission, which has infected more than two million people worldwide. Early detection of SARS-CoV-2 is one of the crucial interventions to control virus spread and dissemination. Molecular assays have been the gold standard to directly detect for the presence of viral genetic material in infected individuals. However, insufficient viral RNA at the point of detection may lead to false negative results. As such, it is important to also employ immune-based assays to determine one's exposure to SARS-CoV-2, as well as to assist in the surveillance of individuals with prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Within a span of 4 months, extensive studies have been done to develop serological systems to characterize the antibody profiles, as well as to identify and generate potentially neutralizing antibodies during SARS-CoV-2 infection. The vast diversity of novel findings has added value to coronavirus research, and a strategic consolidation is crucial to encompass the latest advances and developments. This review aims to provide a concise yet extensive collation of current immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2, while discussing the strengths, limitations and applications of antibody detection in SARS-CoV-2 research and control."}, {"pmid": 32173381, "pmcid": "PMC7102533", "title": "Emergence of SARS-like coronavirus in China: An update.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Zhipeng", "Xiao, Kangpeng", "Zhang, Xu", "Roy, Ayan", "Shen, Yongyi"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173381", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320059, "pmcid": "PMC7264677", "title": "Potential of live pathogen vaccines for defeating the COVID-19 pandemic: history and mechanism.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Ji-Wang", "Chen, Ji-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320059", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The whole world has entered a terrible crisis with a huge and increasing amount of human deaths and economic loss in fighting the pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the novel coronavirus termed SARS-CoV-2. The live pathogen vaccine (LPV) strategy, which originated in ancient China for fighting smallpox, has been applied successfully in the USA military recruits for decades to control acute respiratory diseases caused by types 4 and 7 adenoviruses. This strategy has also been widely employed in veterinary medicine. These facts suggest a fast way out of the current pandemic crisis, namely that SARS-CoV-2 could be directly used as a live vaccine. Beyond the two traditional mechanisms to guarantee the LPV's safety (SARS-CoV-2 is not highly pathogenic; the LPV is inoculated bypassing the respiratory sites of pathology), three novel mechanisms to further ensure the LPV's safety are available (the virus replication is inhibited with early use of an antiviral drug; symptomatic LPV recipients are cured with convalescent plasma; the LPV is inoculated in hot seasons). This LPV strategy has multiple potential advantages over other options, and could reduce greatly the morbidity and mortality as well as economic loss caused by the pandemic. The safety and efficacy of this strategy should be investigated strictly using animal experiments and clinical trials, and even if the experiments and trials all support the strategy, it should be implemented with enough cautiousness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32226292, "pmcid": "PMC7098026", "title": "Tribute to health workers in China: A group of respectable population during the outbreak of the COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Xiang, Yu-Tao", "Jin, Yu", "Wang, Yu", "Zhang, Qinge", "Zhang, Ling", "Cheung, Teris"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226292", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The health authorities reported that 3,019 Chinese health workers were infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), of whom, ten died. This article explored relevant reasons and offered suggestions to reduce the risk of infection and provide emergency psychological response for this population."}, {"pmid": 32520072, "title": "Novel coronavirus pneumonia and acute pulmonary thromboembolism: casualty or causality?", "journal": "Einstein (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Beraldo, Gabriel Laverdi", "Fonseca, Eduardo Kaiser Ururahy Nunes", "Yokoo, Patricia", "Matos, Marina Justi Rosa de", "Rosa, Marcela Emer Egypto", "Silva, Murilo Marques Almeida", "Chate, Rodrigo Caruso", "Shoji, Hamilton", "Ishikawa, Walther Yoshiharu"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520072", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367551, "pmcid": "PMC7267491", "title": "Convert to open: the new paradigm for surgery during COVID-19?", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Di Saverio, S", "Pata, F", "Khan, M", "Ietto, G", "Zani, E", "Carcano, G"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367551", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423900, "title": "Alarm bells ring for patient data and privacy in the covid-19 goldrush.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Cox, David"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423900", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360977, "pmcid": "PMC7184981", "title": "The role of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Covid-19: Only an hypothesis or a potential new field of research?", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Mozzini, Chiara", "Girelli, Domenico"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360977", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437706, "pmcid": "PMC7211665", "title": "Evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RNA test results in a patient with fatal coronavirus disease 2019: a case report.", "journal": "Hum Pathol", "authors": ["Shao, Chen", "Liu, Hui", "Meng, Lingjia", "Sun, Lin", "Wang, Yankun", "Yue, Zhujun", "Kong, Heli", "Li, Hongjun", "Weng, Honglei", "Lv, Fudong", "Jin, Ronghua"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437706", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 65-year-old man was hospitalized owing to fever (38.6\u00a0\u00b0C) and dry cough since 4 days. He visited Wuhan 8 days ago. At admission, nasopharyngeal swab samples were taken, and polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA positivity. On day 9, after admission, the chest computed tomography scan showed diffuse ground-glass shadows in the patient's bilateral lungs. On day 11, his respiratory symptoms worsened. Subsequently, type I respiratory failure was diagnosed, coinciding with kidney injury, and subsequently, type II respiratory failure occurred, coupled with multiorgan failure including the heart and liver. However, the patient's constitution worsened although SARS-CoV-2 tests were negative since day 13. He died on day 21. Lung biopsy showed areas of diffuse alveolar damage, characterized by extensive acute alveolitis with numerous intra-alveolar neutrophil, lymphocyte, and macrophage\u00a0infiltrations. Microthrombi were seen in the dilated pulmonary capillaries. Immunohistochemistry staining\u00a0for SARS-CoV-2 N protein was negative. Taken together, the patient died of multiorgan failure although the SARS-CoV-2 infection was cleared already, implicating that for disease worsening, no active SARS-CoV-2 infection is required."}, {"pmid": 32278694, "pmcid": "PMC7195025", "title": "Physical activity for immunity protection: Inoculating populations with healthy living medicine in preparation for the next pandemic.", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Laddu, Deepika R", "Lavie, Carl J", "Phillips, Shane A", "Arena, Ross"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278694", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363492, "pmcid": "PMC7196181", "title": "Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychological health problems in Chinese adolescents during the outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry", "authors": ["Zhou, Shuang-Jiang", "Zhang, Li-Gang", "Wang, Lei-Lei", "Guo, Zhao-Chang", "Wang, Jing-Qi", "Chen, Jin-Cheng", "Liu, Mei", "Chen, Xi", "Chen, Jing-Xu"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363492", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Psychological health problems, especially emotional disorders, are common among adolescents. The epidemiology of emotional disorders is greatly influenced by stressful events. This study sought to assess the prevalence rate and socio-demographic correlates of depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents affected by the outbreak of COVID-19. We conducted a cross-sectional study among Chinese students aged 12-18\u00a0years during the COVID-19 epidemic period. An online survey was used to conduct rapid assessment. A total of 8079 participants were involved in the study. An online survey was used to collect demographic data, assess students' awareness of COVID-19, and assess depressive and anxiety symptoms with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) questionnaire, respectively. The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and a combination of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 43.7%, 37.4%, and 31.3%, respectively, among Chinese high school students during the COVID-19 outbreak. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that female gender was the higher risk factor for depressive and anxiety symptoms. In terms of grades, senior high school was a risk factor for depressive and anxiety symptoms; the higher the grade, the greater the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Our findings show there is a high prevalence of psychological health problems among adolescents, which are negatively associated with the level of awareness of COVID-19. These findings suggest that the government needs to pay more attention to psychological health among adolescents while combating COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32493600, "pmcid": "PMC7245253", "title": "Challenges in the Practice of Sexual Medicine in the Time of COVID-19 in the United States.", "journal": "J Sex Med", "authors": ["Shindel, Alan W", "Rowen, Tami S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493600", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521068, "title": "COVID-19 is milder in children possibly due to cross immunity.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Sekhar Devulapalli, Chandra"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521068", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been unclear why the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-CoV-2) hits a small minority hard, while the vast majority of children appear to be protected and develop mild or no disease (1,2). The editorial by Brodin suggests some possible mechanisms why it is so (1). I would like to emphasize the significance of cross immunity due to previous exposure to seasonal coronavirus; it may be a plausible explanation for why children appear to be protected (2,3)."}, {"pmid": 32362920, "pmcid": "PMC7189267", "title": "Armarium facilitating angina management post myocardial infarction concomitant with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "J Geriatr Cardiol", "authors": ["Cai, Xiao-Qing", "Jiao, Pi-Qi", "Wu, Tao", "Chen, Fu-Ming", "Han, Bao-Shi", "Zhang, Jiu-Cong", "Xiao, Yong-Jiu", "Chen, Zhi-Feng", "Li, Jun", "Zhao, Yu-Ying", "Ma, Ling", "Liu, Yan", "Shi, Ya-Jun", "Dai, Pei-Jun", "Chen, Yun-Dai"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362920", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270054, "pmcid": "PMC7136478", "title": "Hospital biopreparedness in the Looming Presence of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Sci Rep", "authors": ["Popescu, Saskia"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270054", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391519, "pmcid": "PMC7205698", "title": "Clinical course of severe and critical COVID-19 in hospitalized pregnancies: a US cohort study.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Pierce-Williams, Rebecca A M", "Burd, Julia", "Felder, Laura", "Khoury, Rasha", "Bernstein, Peter S", "Avila, Karina", "Penfield, Christina A", "Roman, Ashley S", "DeBolt, Chelsea A", "Stone, Joanne L", "Bianco, Angela", "Kern-Goldberger, Adina R", "Hirshberg, Adi", "Srinivas, Sindhu K", "Jayakumaran, Jenani S", "Brandt, Justin S", "Anastasio, Hannah", "Birsner, Meredith", "O'Brien, Devon S", "Sedev, Harish M", "Dolin, Cara D", "Schnettler, William T", "Suhag, Anju", "Ahluwalia, Shabani", "Navathe, Reshama S", "Khalifeh, Adeeb", "Anderson, Kathryn", "Berghella, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391519", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on healthcare systems around the world with 3.0 million infected and 208,000 resultant mortalities as of this writing. Information regarding infection in pregnancy is still limited. To describe the clinical course of severe and critical infection in hospitalized pregnant women with positive laboratory testing for SARS-CoV2. This is a cohort study of pregnant women with severe or critical COVID-19 infection hospitalized at 12 US institutions between March 5, 2020 and April 20, 2020. Severe infection was defined according to published criteria by patient reported dyspnea, respiratory rate > 30 per minute, blood oxygen saturation \u2264 93% on room air, partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen <300 and/or lung infiltrates >50% within 24 to 48 hours on chest imaging. Critical disease was defined by respiratory failure, septic shock, and/or multiple organ dysfunction or failure. Women were excluded if they had presumed COVID-19 infection but laboratory testing was negative. The primary outcome was median duration from hospital admission to discharge. Secondary outcomes included need for supplemental oxygen, intubation, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrest, death, and timing of delivery. The clinical courses are described by the median disease day on which these outcomes occurred after the onset of symptoms. Treatment and neonatal outcomes are also reported. Of 64 pregnant women hospitalized with COVID-19, 44 (69%) had severe and 20 (31%) critical disease. The following pre-existing comorbidities were observed: 25% had a pulmonary condition, 17% had cardiac disease and the mean BMI was 34 kg/m2. Gestational age at symptom onset was at a mean 29 \u00b16 weeks and at hospital admission a mean of 30 \u00b16 weeks, on a median day of disease 7 since first symptoms. Eighty-one percent of women were treated with hydroxychloroquine; 9% of women with severe disease and 65% of women with critical disease received remdesivir. All women with critical disease received either prophylactic or therapeutic anticoagulation during their admission. The median duration of hospital stay was 6 days (6 days for severe, 10.5 days for critical, p=0.01). For those who required it, intubation usually occurred around day 9, and peak respiratory support for women with severe disease occurred on day 8. In women with critical disease, prone positioning was performed in 20% of cases, the rate of ARDS was 70%, and re-intubation was necessary in 20%. There was one case of maternal cardiac arrest, but no cases of cardiomyopathy and no maternal deaths. Thirty-two (50%) women in this cohort delivered during their COVID-19 hospitalization (34% of severe and 85% of critical women). Eighty-eight percent (15/17) of pregnant women with critical COVID-19 who delivered during their disease course were delivered preterm, 94% of them via cesarean; in all, 75% (15/20) of critically ill women delivered preterm. There were no stillbirths or neonatal deaths, or cases of vertical transmission. In hospitalized pregnant women with severe or critical COVID-19 infection, admission typically occurred about 7 days after symptom onset, and the duration of hospitalization was 6 days (6 severe versus 12 critical). Critically ill women had a high rate of ARDS, and there was one case of cardiac arrest, but there were no cases of cardiomyopathy, or maternal mortality. Hospitalization for severe or critical COVID-19 infection resulted in delivery during the course of infection in 50% of this cohort, usually in the third trimester. There were no perinatal deaths in this cohort."}, {"pmid": 32207769, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Influenza 2019-2020.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Livingston, Edward", "Bucher, Karen", "Rekito, Andrew"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207769", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354787, "title": "A third of covid-19 patients admitted to UK hospitals die.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354787", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449247, "title": "Reply to letter: Acute-onset smell and taste disorders in the context of Covid-19: a pilot multicenter PCR-based case-control study.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Beltran-Corbellini, Alvaro", "Chico-Garcia, Juan Luis", "Martinez-Poles, Javier", "Rodriguez-Jorge, Fernando", "Alonso-Canovas, Araceli"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449247", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We thank our colleagues for their constructive discussion on our recently published study1 . Regarding prevalence, indeed, growing literature yields a variable frequency of loss of smell (LOS) in Covid-19 patients, that may be hypothetically due to differences in the location and amount of viral load, to the different immune response between younger mild-symptomatic outpatients (higher prevalence) and more severely affected inpatients (lower prevalence)1,2 , and to the variable methods of measurement."}, {"pmid": 32406985, "pmcid": "PMC7261975", "title": "Interleukin-6 receptor antagonist therapy to treat SARS-CoV-2 driven inflammatory syndrome in a kidney transplant recipient.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Allam, Sridhar R", "Dao, Ann", "Madhrira, Machaiah M", "Antiporta, Philip B", "Nair, Ranjit R", "Guiteau, Jacfranz J", "Reyad, Ashraf I"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406985", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374903, "pmcid": "PMC7267315", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 viral spike G614 mutation exhibits higher case fatality rate.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Becerra-Flores, Manuel", "Cardozo, Timothy"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374903", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The major mutation detected to date in the SARS-CoV-2 viral envelope spike protein, which is responsible for virus attachment to the host and is also the main target for host antibodies, is a mutation of an aspartate (D) at position 614 found frequently in Chinese strains to a glycine (G). We sought to infer health impact of this mutation. Increased case fatality rate correlated strongly with the proportion of viruses bearing G614 on a country by country basis. The amino acid at position 614 occurs at an internal protein interface of the viral spike, and the presence of G at this position was calculated to destabilise a specific conformation of the viral spike, within which the key host receptor binding site is more accessible. These results imply that G614 is a more pathogenic strain of SARS-CoV-2, which may influence vaccine design. The prevalence of this form of the virus should also be included in epidemiologic models predicting the COVID-19 health burden and fatality over time in specific regions. Physicians should be aware of this characteristic of the virus to anticipate the clinical course of infection."}, {"pmid": 32464651, "title": "Health Equity, Social Policy, and Promoting Recovery from COVID-19.", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Lynch, Julia"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464651", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed starkly and publicly the close interconnections between social and economic inequality, health equity, and population health. To better understand what social policies would best promote population health, economic recovery, and preparedness for future pandemics, we must look both upstream and abroad for inspiration. In this essay, I argue for a suite of near-term and longer-term interventions, including universal health insurance and paid sick leave, upgraded wage insurance policies, tax reform, investments in parental leave, child care, and education, and upgraded government record systems. Policies that equalize the distribution of the social determinants of health and promote social solidarity will also improve population health and economic performance and allow us to confront future pandemics more successfully."}, {"pmid": 32345686, "title": "Vulnerable Youth and the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Silliman Cohen, Rachel I", "Adlin Bosk, Emily"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345686", "topics": ["Prevention", "General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32210421, "title": "COVID-19 in intensive care. Some necessary steps for health care workers.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Malhotra, Nipun", "Gupta, Nitesh", "Ish, Somya", "Ish, Pranav"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32210421", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the nature of their profession, health care personnel (HCP) have always been easy targets for transmission of communicable diseases like COVID-19. Shielding HCPs is of consequential significance in ensuring continued health care for the whole population in addition to reducing further spread. Close contact, repeated contact and prolonged contact are unavoidable in the intensive care (IC) environment. It is not uncommon for IC-HCPs to get carried away during an emergent situation, such as that posed by a suddenly deteriorating patient, and forgo the protective barriers that protect them from contracting a communicable infection. Some notable precautionary measures are mentioned below. This is by no means an exhaustive list."}, {"pmid": 32279677, "pmcid": "PMC7180326", "title": "COVID-19 as a psychological contagion: A new Pandora's box to close?", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Azim, Dua", "Kumar, Sohail", "Nasim, Sundus", "Arif, Taha Bin", "Nanjiani, Deedar"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279677", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32226353, "pmcid": "PMC7100496", "title": "The Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Development and Initial Validation.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Addict", "authors": ["Ahorsu, Daniel Kwasi", "Lin, Chung-Ying", "Imani, Vida", "Saffari, Mohsen", "Griffiths, Mark D", "Pakpour, Amir H"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226353", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the COVID-19 and its consequences has led to fears, worries, and anxiety among individuals worldwide. The present study developed the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) to complement the clinical efforts in preventing the spread and treating of COVID-19 cases. The sample comprised 717 Iranian participants. The items of the FCV-19S were constructed based on extensive review of existing scales on fears, expert evaluations, and participant interviews. Several psychometric tests were conducted to ascertain its reliability and validity properties. After panel review and corrected item-total correlation testing, seven items with acceptable corrected item-total correlation (0.47 to 0.56) were retained and further confirmed by significant and strong factor loadings (0.66 to 0.74). Also, other properties evaluated using both classical test theory and Rasch model were satisfactory on the seven-item scale. More specifically, reliability values such as internal consistency (\u03b1 = .82) and test-retest reliability (ICC = .72) were acceptable. Concurrent validity was supported by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (with depression, r = 0.425 and anxiety, r = 0.511) and the Perceived Vulnerability to Disease Scale (with perceived infectability, r = 0.483 and germ aversion, r = 0.459). The Fear of COVID-19 Scale, a seven-item scale, has robust psychometric properties. It is reliable and valid in assessing fear of COVID-19 among the general population and will also be useful in allaying COVID-19 fears among individuals."}, {"pmid": 32305035, "pmcid": "PMC7152888", "title": "Sentiment analysis of nationwide lockdown due to COVID 19 outbreak: Evidence from India.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Barkur, Gopalkrishna", "Vibha", "Kamath, Giridhar B"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305035", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525374, "title": "Living under the shadow of a pandemic: The psychological challenges underlying social distancing and awareness raising.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Zaidi, Aelia", "Ali, Amena Zehra"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525374", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The efforts of containing the novel virus (COVID-19) have now begun to show signs of psychological impact on societies across the globe. Social distancing and awareness campaigns can be double-edged sword, if handled inadequately. Herein, authors have shed light on the favorable and unfavorable aspects of living under lockdown. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32221983, "title": "Organ-protective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its effect on the prognosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cheng, Hao", "Wang, Yan", "Wang, Gui-Qiang"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221983", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article reviews the correlation between angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and severe risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the possible mechanisms. ACE2 is a crucial component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The classical RAS ACE-Ang II-AT1R regulatory axis and the ACE2-Ang 1-7-MasR counter-regulatory axis play an essential role in maintaining homeostasis in humans. ACE2 is widely distributed in the heart, kidneys, lungs, and testes. ACE2 antagonizes the activation of the classical RAS system and protects against organ damage, protecting against hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Similar to SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 also uses the ACE2 receptor to invade human alveolar epithelial cells. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a clinical high-mortality disease, and ACE2 has a protective effect on this type of acute lung injury. Current research shows that the poor prognosis of patients with COVID-19 is related to factors such as sex (male), age (>60 years), underlying diseases (hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease), secondary ARDS, and other relevant factors. Because of these protective effects of ACE2 on chronic underlying diseases and ARDS, the development of spike protein-based vaccine and drugs enhancing ACE2 activity may become one of the most promising approaches for the treatment of COVID-19 in the future."}, {"pmid": 32107577, "pmcid": "PMC7080117", "title": "Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Xu, Xi", "Yu, Chengcheng", "Qu, Jing", "Zhang, Lieguang", "Jiang, Songfeng", "Huang, Deyang", "Chen, Bihua", "Zhang, Zhiping", "Guan, Wanhua", "Ling, Zhoukun", "Jiang, Rui", "Hu, Tianli", "Ding, Yan", "Lin, Lin", "Gan, Qingxin", "Luo, Liangping", "Tang, Xiaoping", "Liu, Jinxin"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32107577", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, also called 2019-nCoV) recently break out in Wuhan, China, and was named as COVID-19. With the spread of the disease, similar cases have also been confirmed in other regions of China. We aimed to report the imaging and clinical characteristics of these patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Guangzhou, China. All patients with laboratory-identified SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were collected between January 23, 2020, and February 4, 2020, in a designated hospital (Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital). This analysis included 90 patients (39 men and 51 women; median age, 50\u00a0years (age range, 18-86\u00a0years). All the included SARS-CoV-2-infected patients underwent non-contrast enhanced chest computed tomography (CT). We analyzed the clinical characteristics of the patients, as well as the distribution characteristics, pattern, morphology, and accompanying manifestations of lung lesions. In addition, after 1-6\u00a0days (mean 3.5\u00a0days), follow-up chest CT images were evaluated to assess radiological evolution. The majority of infected patients had a history of exposure in Wuhan or to infected patients and mostly presented with fever and cough. More than half of the patients presented bilateral, multifocal lung lesions, with peripheral distribution, and 53 (59%) patients had more than two lobes involved. Of all included patients, COVID-19 pneumonia presented with ground glass opacities in 65 (72%), consolidation in 12 (13%), crazy paving pattern in 11 (12%), interlobular thickening in 33 (37%), adjacent pleura thickening in 50 (56%), and linear opacities combined in 55 (61%). Pleural effusion, pericardial effusion, and lymphadenopathy were uncommon findings. In addition, baseline chest CT did not show any abnormalities in 21 patients (23%), but 3 patients presented bilateral ground glass opacities on the second CT after 3-4\u00a0days. SARS-CoV-2 infection can be confirmed based on the patient's history, clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, and laboratory tests. Chest CT examination plays an important role in the initial diagnosis of the novel coronavirus pneumonia. Multiple patchy ground glass opacities in bilateral multiple lobular with periphery distribution are typical chest CT imaging features of the COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32272283, "pmcid": "PMC7194788", "title": "JACI: In Practice Response to COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Angel, Dawn M", "Zeiger, Robert S", "Sicherer, Scott H", "Khan, David A", "Schatz, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272283", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393664, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine in Patients with Rheumatic Disease Complicated by COVID-19: Clarifying Target Exposures and the Need for Clinical Trials.", "journal": "J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Balevic, Stephen J", "Hornik, Christoph P", "Green, Thomas P", "Clowse, Megan E B", "Gonzalez, Daniel", "Maharaj, Anil R", "Schanberg, Laura E", "Eudy, Amanda M", "Swamy, Geeta K", "Hughes, Brenna L", "Cohen-Wolkowiez, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393664", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To characterize hydroxychloroquine exposure in patients with rheumatic disease receiving long-term hydroxychloroquine compared to target concentrations with reported antiviral activity against the 2019 coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. We evaluated total hydroxychloroquine concentrations in serum and plasma from published literature values, frozen serum samples from a pediatric lupus trial, and simulated concentrations using a published pharmacokinetic model during pregnancy. For each source, we compared observed or predicted hydroxychloroquine concentrations to target concentrations with reported antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The average total serum/plasma hydroxychloroquine concentrations were below the lowest SARS-CoV-2 target of 0.48 mg/L in all studies. Assuming the highest antiviral target exposure (total plasma concentration of 4.1 mg/L), all studies had approximately one-tenth the necessary concentration for in-vitro viral inhibition. Pharmacokinetic model simulations confirmed that pregnant adults receiving common dosing for rheumatic diseases did not achieve target exposures; however, the models predict that a dosage of 600 mg once a day during pregnancy would obtain the lowest median target exposure for most patients after the first dose. We found that the average patient receiving treatment with hydroxychloroquine for rheumatic diseases, including children and non-pregnant/pregnant adults, are unlikely to achieve total serum or plasma concentrations shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in-vitro. Nevertheless, patients receiving hydroxychloroquine long-term may have tissue concentrations far exceeding that of serum/plasma. Because the therapeutic window for hydroxychloroquine in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 is unknown, well-designed clinical trials that include patients with rheumatic disease are urgently needed to characterize the efficacy, safety, and target exposures for hydroxychloroquine."}, {"pmid": 32282628, "title": "COVID-19 - A Guide to Rapid Implementation of Telehealth Services: A Playbook for the Pediatric Gastroenterologist.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Berg, Elizabeth A", "Picoraro, Joseph A", "Miller, Steven D", "Srinath, Arvind", "Franciosi, James P", "Hayes, Christopher E", "Farrell, Peter R", "Cole, Conrad R", "LeLeiko, Neal S"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282628", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386459, "pmcid": "PMC7273022", "title": "Histologic features of long-lasting chilblain-like lesions in a paediatric COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Locatelli, A G", "Robustelli Test, E", "Vezzoli, P", "Carugno, A", "Moggio, E", "Consonni, L", "Gianatti, A", "Sena, P"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386459", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501756, "title": "Association of Hydroxychloroquine with QTc Interval in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Mazzanti, Andrea", "Briani, Martina", "Kukavica, Deni", "Bulian, Francesca", "Marelli, Stefano", "Trancuccio, Alessandro", "Monteforte, Nicola", "Manciulli, Tommaso", "Morini, Massimo", "Carlucci, Annalisa", "Viggiani, Giacomo", "Cannata, Francesco", "Negri, Sara", "Bloise, Raffaella", "Memmi, Mirella", "Gambelli, Patrick", "Carbone, Andrea", "Molteni, Martina", "Bianchini, Raffaella", "Salgarello, Rita", "Sozzi, Silvia", "De Cata, Pasquale", "Fanfulla, Francesco", "Ceriana, Piero", "Locatelli, Carlo", "Napolitano, Carlo", "Chiovato, Luca", "Tomasi, Luca", "Stefanini, Giulio", "Condorelli, Gianluigi", "Priori, Silvia G"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501756", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485875, "title": "Analysis of Outbreak and Global Impacts of the COVID-19.", "journal": "Healthcare (Basel)", "authors": ["Priyadarshini, Ishaani", "Mohanty, Pinaki", "Kumar, Raghvendra", "Son, Le Hoang", "Chau, Hoang Thi Minh", "Nhu, Viet-Ha", "Thi Ngo, Phuong Thao", "Tien Bui, Dieu"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485875", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona viruses are a large family of viruses that are not only restricted to causing illness in humans but also affect animals such as camels, cattle, cats, and bats, thus affecting a large group of living species. The outbreak of Corona virus in late December 2019 (also known as COVID-19) raised major concerns when the outbreak started getting tremendous. While the first case was discovered in Wuhan, China, it did not take long for the disease to travel across the globe and infect every continent (except Antarctica), killing thousands of people. Since it has become a global concern, different countries have been working toward the treatment and generation of vaccine, leading to different speculations. While some argue that the vaccine may only be a few weeks away, others believe that it may take some time to create the vaccine. Given the increasing number of deaths, the COVID-19 has caused havoc worldwide and is a matter of serious concern. Thus, there is a need to study how the disease has been propagating across continents by numbers as well as by regions. This study incorporates a detailed description of how the COVID-19 outbreak started in China and managed to spread across the globe rapidly. We take into account the COVID-19 outbreak cases (confirmed, recovered, death) in order to make some observations regarding the pandemic. Given the detailed description of the outbreak, this study would be beneficial to certain industries that may be affected by the outbreak in order to take timely precautionary measures in the future. Further, the study lists some industries that have witnessed the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on a global scale."}, {"pmid": 32313806, "pmcid": "PMC7167217", "title": "2019 Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) overview.", "journal": "Z Gesundh Wiss", "authors": ["Mohammadi, Mehrdad", "Meskini, Maryam", "do Nascimento Pinto, Anderia Lucia"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313806", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronaviruses (CoVs) are zoonotic pathogens, but the first human-to-human transmission has been reported. CoVs have the best known genome of all RNA viruses, and mutations in the genome have now been found.\u00a0A pneumonia of unknown cause detected in Wuhan, China, was first reported to the WHO Country Office in China on 31 December 2019.\u00a0This study aims to report early findings related to COVID-19 and provide methods to prevent and treat it."}, {"pmid": 32130047, "title": "Deja Vu or Jamais Vu? How the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Experience Influenced a Singapore Radiology Department's Response to the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Cheng, Lionel Tim-Ee", "Chan, Lai Peng", "Tan, Ban Hock", "Chen, Robert Chun", "Tay, Kiang Hiong", "Ling, Moi Lin", "Tan, Bien Soo"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32130047", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. This article shares the ground operational perspective of how a tertiary hospital radiology department in Singapore is responding to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic. This same department was also deeply impacted by the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003. CONCLUSION. Though similar to SARS, the COVID-19 outbreak has several differences. We share how lessons from 2003 are applied and modified in our ongoing operational response to this evolving novel pathogen."}, {"pmid": 32410706, "pmcid": "PMC7222521", "title": "Transport of COVID-19 and other highly contagious patients by helicopter and fixed-wing air ambulance: a narrative review and experience of the Swiss air rescue Rega.", "journal": "Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med", "authors": ["Albrecht, Roland", "Knapp, Jurgen", "Theiler, Lorenz", "Eder, Marcus", "Pietsch, Urs"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410706", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic highlights the challenges air ambulance services are facing when transporting highly infectious patients for several hours in enclosed spaces. This overview provides an example of a standard operating procedure (SOP) for infection prevention measures in HEMS missions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we describe different methods used by several organizations in Europe and the experience of the Swiss air rescue organization Rega in transporting these patients. Possible benefits of the use of small patient isolation units (PIU) are discussed, including the fact that accompanying medical personnel do not need to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) during the transport but can still maintain full access to the patient. Rega has developed and patented its own PIU. This device allows spontaneously breathing or mechanically ventilated patients to be transported in pressurized jet cabins, small helicopters and ambulance vehicles, without the need to change between transport units. This PIU is unique, as it remains air-tight even when there is a sudden loss of cabin pressure. A wide variety of means are being used for the aeromedical transport of infectious patients. These involve isolating either the patient or the medical crew. One benefit of PIUs is that the means of transport can be easily changed without contaminating the surroundings and while still allowing access to the patient."}, {"pmid": 32292899, "pmcid": "PMC7128617", "title": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Lei, Shaoqing", "Jiang, Fang", "Su, Wating", "Chen, Chang", "Chen, Jingli", "Mei, Wei", "Zhan, Li-Ying", "Jia, Yifan", "Zhang, Liangqing", "Liu, Danyong", "Xia, Zhong-Yuan", "Xia, Zhengyuan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292899", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly worldwide. In the early stage, we encountered a small but meaningful number of patients who were unintentionally scheduled for elective surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19. We intended to describe their clinical characteristics and outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 34 patients underwent elective surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 at Renmin Hospital, Zhongnan Hospital, Tongji Hospital and Central Hospital in Wuhan, from January 1 to February 5, 2020. Of the 34 operative patients, the median age was 55 years (IQR, 43-63), and 20 (58\u00b78%) patients were women. All patients developed COVID-19 pneumonia shortly after surgery with abnormal findings on chest computed tomographic scans. Common symptoms included fever (31 [91\u00b72%]), fatigue (25 [73\u00b75%]) and dry cough (18 [52\u00b79%]). 15 (44\u00b71%) patients required admission to intensive care unit (ICU) during disease progression, and 7 patients (20\u00b75%) died after admission to ICU. Compared with non-ICU patients, ICU patients were older, were more likely to have underlying comorbidities, underwent more difficult surgeries, as well as more severe laboratory abnormalities (eg, hyperleukocytemia, lymphopenia). The most common complications in non-survivors included ARDS, shock, arrhythmia and acute cardiac injury. In this retrospective cohort study of 34 operative patients with confirmed COVID-19, 15 (44\u00b71%) patients needed ICU care, and the mortality rate was 20\u00b75%. National Natural Science Foundation of China."}, {"pmid": 32275463, "title": "Attitudes of Anesthesiology Specialists and Residents toward Patients Infected with the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): A National Survey Study.", "journal": "Surg Infect (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Dost, Burhan", "Koksal, Ersin", "Terzi, Ozlem", "Bilgin, Sezgin", "Ustun, Yasemin Burcu", "Arslan, Hatice Nilden"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275463", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                        Background:\n                     The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge of anesthesiology specialists and residents in Turkey about COVID-19 and their attitudes toward the strategies and application methods to be used for a suspected/confirmed COVID-19 case that needs to be operated on or followed up in an intensive care unit, as well as to raise awareness about this issue. \n                        Methods:\n                     This descriptive study comprised anesthesiology specialists and residents working in various health institutions in Turkey. The data used in this study were obtained online between March 13, 2020 and March 25, 2020 through the website SurveyMonkey (SurveyMonkey, San Mateo, CA) by using a survey form. We contacted members of the Turkish Anaesthesiology and Reanimation Society through the social media platforms Twitter, LinkedIn, and WhatsApp, as well as through their e-mail addresses and invited them to participate in the study. Those who agreed to participate responded to the aforementioned survey. We used SPSS 22.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY) to analyze the survey data statistically. \n                        Results:\n                     A total of 346 anesthesiology specialists and residents participated in the study. Although the majority of the participants exhibited the correct attitudes toward airway management, research assistants with little professional experience were observed to be undecided or had the tendency to make incorrect decisions. \n                        Conclusions:\n                     The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading rapidly worldwide. The incidence of COVID-19 cases is increasing daily, and this disease can cause patient death. Anesthesiology specialists and residents who perform emergency operations on these patients in settings other than intensive care units should follow simple and easy-to-understand algorithms to ensure safety. The provision of theoretical and practical training to healthcare providers before they meet patients will help ensure patient-healthcare provider safety and prevent panic, which can cause distress among healthcare providers."}, {"pmid": 32423250, "title": "Effect of coronavirus infection on the human heart: A scoping review.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Ho, Jamie Sy", "Tambyah, Paul A", "Ho, Andrew Fw", "Chan, Mark Yy", "Sia, Ching-Hui"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423250", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has highlighted the importance of understanding the cardiovascular implications of coronavirus infections, with more severe disease in those with cardiovascular co-morbidities, and resulting cardiac manifestations such as myocardial injury, arrhythmias, and heart failure. A systematic review of the current knowledge on the effects of coronavirus infection on the cardiovascular system in humans was performed and results were summarized. Databases such as MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, Chinese Knowledge Resource Integrated Database and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry were searched on 20 March 2020. In total, 135 studies were included, involving severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, coronavirus disease 2019 and other coronaviruses. Most were case reports, case series and cohort studies of poor to fair quality. In post-mortem examinations of subjects who died from infection, around half had virus identified in heart tissues in severe acute respiratory syndrome, but none in Middle East respiratory syndrome and coronavirus disease 2019. Cardiac manifestations reported include tachycardia, bradycardia, arrhythmias, and myocardial injury, secondary to both systemic infection and treatment. Cardiac injury and arrhythmias are more prevalent in coronavirus disease 2019, and elevated cardiac markers are associated with intensive care unit admission and death. In severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle East respiratory syndrome, and coronavirus disease 2019, comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease are associated with intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and mortality. There were cases of misdiagnosis due to overlapping presentations of cardiovascular diseases and coronavirus infections, leading to hospital spread and delayed management of life-threatening conditions. This review highlighted the ways in which coronaviruses affect cardiovascular function and interacts with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases."}, {"pmid": 32405639, "pmcid": "PMC7239199", "title": "At the heart of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Pellicori, Pierpaolo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405639", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216114, "pmcid": "PMC7184779", "title": "Structural and biochemical characterization of SADS-CoV papain-like protease 2.", "journal": "Protein Sci", "authors": ["Wang, Lu", "Hu, Weihua", "Fan, Chengpeng"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216114", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a novel coronavirus that is involved in severe diarrhea disease in piglets, causing considerable agricultural and economic loss in China. The emergence of this new coronavirus increases the importance of understanding SADS-CoV as well as antivirals. Coronaviral proteases, including main proteases and papain-like proteases (PLP), are attractive antiviral targets because of their essential roles in polyprotein processing and thus viral maturation. Here, we describe the biochemical and structural identification of recombinant SADS papain-like protease 2 (PLP2) domain of nsp3. The SADS-CoV PLP2 was shown to cleave nsp1 proteins and also peptides mimicking the nsp2|nsp3 cleavage site and also had deubiquitinating and deISGynating activity by in vitro assays. The crystal structure adopts an architecture resembling that of PLPs from other coronaviruses. We characterize both conserved and unique structural features likely directing the interaction of PLP2 with the substrates, including the tentative mapping of active site and other essential residues. These results provide a foundation for understanding the molecular basis of coronaviral PLPs' catalytic mechanism and for the screening and design of therapeutics to combat infection by SADS coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32436029, "pmcid": "PMC7238394", "title": "Nitric oxide inhalation as an interventional rescue therapy for COVID-19-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Kobayashi, Jun", "Murata, Isamu"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436029", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an emerging disease of public health concern. While there is no specific recommended treatment for COVID-19, nitric oxide has the potential to be of therapeutic value for managing acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19. However, inhaled nitric oxide has not yet been formally evaluated. Given the extent of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the large numbers of hospitalized patients requiring respiratory support, clinical use of inhaled nitric oxide may become an alternate rescue therapy before extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32495957, "title": "Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis mimicking COVID-19: a case report.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Hashizume, H", "Sano, Y", "Furukawa, S", "Imokawa, S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495957", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, is currently spreading worldwide, causing the worst pandemic experienced this century. During the present outbreak, reports have been accumulating that various types of cutaneous manifestations were observed in COVID-19 patients. We read with interest the recent article by Amatore et al. describing a COVID-19 case who presented with a febrile rash consisting of annular, polycyclic, and circinate erythema, presumably specific to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32497799, "pmcid": "PMC7263215", "title": "The prominence of asymptomatic superspreaders in transmission mean universal face masking should be part of COVID-19 de-escalation strategies.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kenyon, Chris"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497799", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304139, "pmcid": "PMC7235517", "title": "Progress and Concept for COVID-19 Vaccine Development.", "journal": "Biotechnol J", "authors": ["Wu, Suh-Chin"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304139", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400860, "pmcid": "PMC7239089", "title": "Quality & Safety in the time of Coronavirus-Design Better, Learn Faster.", "journal": "Int J Qual Health Care", "authors": ["Fitzsimons, John"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400860", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has required health systems to change much faster than normal. Many staff have experienced training in quality improvement and patient safety methods which can be used to support the design of new systems and to accelerate learning about new and adapted practices. This article sets out the principles of quality improvement and patient safety science, applying them in a selection of approaches, methods and tools which may be useful in crisis situations such as the current pandemic. The article also makes reference to several resources which may be of use to those keen to advance their knowledge."}, {"pmid": 32365275, "title": "Obesity accompanying COVID-19: the role of epicardial fat.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Zhao, Lei"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365275", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With interest we read the study by Simonnet A et al. (1) in which important novel evidence is addressed that obesity is highly frequent among critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection. Although clinically very relevant, it remains difficult to elucidate the mechanisms by which SARS-Cov-2 severity is increased in the context of obesity. As reported by Katz JN et al. (2), 28% of hospitalised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presented cardiac complications including myocarditis, arrhythmias, heart failure (HF) and sudden death. Considering that myocardial response in COVID-19 is closely associated with in-hospital mortality, local biological effects on myocardial tissue from epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is warrant further discussion."}, {"pmid": 32382358, "pmcid": "PMC7204191", "title": "COVID-19 and Diabetes Mellitus: May Old Anti-diabetic Agents Become the New Philosopher's Stone?", "journal": "Diabetes Ther", "authors": ["Penlioglou, Theano", "Papachristou, Stella", "Papanas, Nikolaos"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382358", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus infectious disease (COVID-19) is a new pandemic. In subjects with diabetes mellitus, infection may be more frequent and severe. We discuss the potential contribution of two traditional oral antidiabetic agents, metformin and pioglitazone, to the improvement of liver injury in COVID-19. Clearly, further experience is needed to shed light on these hypotheses."}, {"pmid": 32371032, "pmcid": "PMC7161486", "title": "Cardiovascular Disease in the Post-COVID-19 Era - the Impending Tsunami?", "journal": "Heart Lung Circ", "authors": ["Allahwala, Usaid K", "Denniss, A Robert", "Zaman, Sarah", "Bhindi, Ravinay"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371032", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314685, "pmcid": "PMC7253094", "title": "Case Report: The First Case of COVID-19 in Bhutan.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["LeVine, Shankar", "Dhakal, Guru Prasad", "Penjor, Tshering", "Chuki, Pem", "Namgyal, Kesang", "Tshokey", "Watts, Melanie"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314685", "countries": ["United States", "Bhutan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The initial cases of novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in a country are of utmost importance given their impact on healthcare providers, the country's preparedness response, and the initial molding of the public perception toward this pandemic. In Bhutan, the index case was a 76-year-old immunocompromised man who had traveled from the United States and entered Bhutan as a tourist. He presented initially with vague gastrointerestinal symptoms and later a cough. His atypical presentation led to a delay in diagnosis, but ultimately he was isolated and tested. On confirming the diagnosis of COVID-19, the patient was isolated in a separate hospital with a dedicated medical care team. All contacts were traced and quarantined. The patient's respiratory status deteriorated despite broad-spectrum antivirals, antibiotics, and intensive supportive care. He required intubation and was given a trial of intravenous immunoglobulin to modulate his likely aberrant immune response. Subsequently, the patient's clinical status improved, and after 8 days of hospitalization, he was transferred out of the country, where he recovered. This was a learning experience for the treating medical staff, the government, and the people of Bhutan."}, {"pmid": 32052841, "pmcid": "PMC7107565", "title": "Isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment: pivotal role for old-style public health measures in the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Wilder-Smith, A", "Freedman, D O"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32052841", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346092, "pmcid": "PMC7186939", "title": "Cancer therapy tool informs COVID-19 vaccines.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Saffern, Miriam"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346092", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405411, "pmcid": "PMC7217801", "title": "Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection: What a doctor on the frontline needs to know.", "journal": "Ann Med Surg (Lond)", "authors": ["Down, Billy", "Kulkarni, Sagar", "Ahmed Khan, Ameer Hamid", "Barker, Benjamin", "Tang, Ivan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405411", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a zoonotic respiratory infection originating from Wuhan, China. Rapidly spreading from Wuhan to all inhabited continents of the world, the World Health Organisation declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2019. Infected patients present with fever and cough; radiological features include bilateral infiltrates on chest x-ray and computed tomography scanning. Management is supportive with oxygen supplementation, broad-spectrum antibiotics as well as careful fluid balancing. A number of drugs, both new and old, are currently in clinical trials and being used on an experimental basis in clinical practice. The COVID-19 pandemic is the greatest worldwide public health crisis of a generation, and has led to seismic political, economic and social changes. This review provides an overview of COVID-19 for junior doctors who find themselves on a new frontline of healthcare."}, {"pmid": 32464685, "title": "Out of Hospital Management of LVAD Patients During COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Artif Organs", "authors": ["Mariania, Silvia", "Schmittoa, Jan D"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464685", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic touching thousands of patients all around the world. Patients supported with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are usually affected by long-standing cardiovascular diseases and subjected to variations of the normal cardiovascular physiology, thus requiring an even closer monitoring during the COVID-19 outbreak. Nevertheless, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a drastic reduction of routine clinical activities and a consequent risk of looser connections between LVAD patients and their referring center. Potential deleterious effects of such a situation can be delayed recognition of LVAD-related complications, misdiagnosis of COVID-19 and impaired social and psychological well-being for patents and families. As one of the largest LVAD programs worldwide, we designed a sustainable and enforceable telemonitoring algorithm which can be easily adapted to every LVAD center so to maintain optimal quality of care of LVAD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32363506, "pmcid": "PMC7196180", "title": "Self-reported needs of patients with Parkinson's disease during COVID-19 emergency in Italy.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Schirinzi, Tommaso", "Cerroni, Rocco", "Di Lazzaro, Giulia", "Liguori, Claudio", "Scalise, Simona", "Bovenzi, Roberta", "Conti, Matteo", "Garasto, Elena", "Mercuri, Nicola Biagio", "Pierantozzi, Mariangela", "Pisani, Antonio", "Stefani, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363506", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Because of COVID-19 outbreak, regular clinical services for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have been suddenly suspended, causing worries, confusion and unexpected needs in such frail population. Here, we reviewed the messages spontaneously sent by patients to an Italian PD clinic during the first two weeks of COVID-19 lockdown (9-21 March 2020), in order to highlight their main needs and then outline appropriate strategies of care for this critical period. One hundred sixty-two messages were analysed. Forty-six percent queried about clinical services; 28% communicated an acute clinical worsening for which a therapeutic change was done in 52% of cases; 17% (those patients with younger age and milder disease) asked about the relationship between PD and COVID-19; 8% informed about an intercurrent event. Our analysis suggests that PD patients' needs during COVID-19 emergency include appropriate and complete information, a timely update on changes in clinical services, and the continuity of care, even in a remote mode. By addressing these issues, acute clinical worsening, complications and subsequent therapeutic changes could be prevented. In this perspective, telecommunication systems and virtual medicine should be implemented."}, {"pmid": 32488866, "title": "Flattening the curve in oncologic surgery: Impact of Covid-19 on surgery at tertiary care cancer center.", "journal": "J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Chang, Edward I", "Liu, Jesse Jun"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488866", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 has ushered in drastic changes to the healthcare system in order to \"flatten the curve\"; in particular, surgical operations that can consume vital, limited resources, not to mention the risk to staff, anesthesiologists, and surgeons. However, under unique circumstances with diligent preparation, vital oncologic operations can be performed safely. Prospective comparison of surgical cases during the pandemic from December 2019 to May 2020 to the correlating time frame from December 2018 to May 2019. A significant decline in case volume was not appreciated until the United States declared a national state of emergency, allowing patients with cancer to continue to undergo curative tumor resection until then (428.3\u2009\u00b1\u200951.5 vs 166.6\u2009\u00b1\u200959.8 cases/week; P\u2009<\u2009.001). The decrease was consistent with the mean case volume during the holidays (213.8\u2009\u00b1\u200976.8 vs 166.6\u2009\u00b1\u200959.8 case/week; P\u2009=\u2009.648). Evaluation of surgical subspecialties demonstrated a significant decrease for all subspecialties with the greatest decline in sarcoma (P\u2009=\u2009.002) and endocrine (P\u2009=\u2009.001) surgeries, while vascular (P\u2009=\u2009.004) and thoracic (P\u2009=\u2009.011) surgeries had the least. The novel coronavirus has drastically reduced oncologic operations, but with proper evaluation of patients and allocation of resources, surgery can be performed safely without compromising the aim to flatten the curve and control the coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32433161, "pmcid": "PMC7268849", "title": "Laboratory-Proven Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection on 18F-FDG PET/CT.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Krebs, Simone", "Petkovska, Iva", "Ho, Alan L", "Ulaner, Gary A"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433161", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An 87-year-old man with primary salivary duct carcinoma and hepatic metastases was referred for restaging. F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated new FDG-avid ground-glass opacities with intralobular septal thickening in both lungs with a peripheral dominant distribution. This was interpreted as a pattern highly suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonia, and the referring physician was contacted. The patient was currently asymptomatic and without clinical evidence of active pneumonia. However, the patient tested positive for COVID-19 using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. This case demonstrates that even asymptomatic outpatients undergoing PET/CT should be evaluated for radiologic findings suggestive of COVID-19 during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32292213, "pmcid": "PMC7110433", "title": "[Coronavirus: from common cold to severe pulmonary failure].", "journal": "Monatsschr Kinderheilkd", "authors": ["Hufert, F", "Spiegel, M"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292213", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019 a\u00a0new human coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, China, which is known as SARS-CoV\u20112. The clinical course of the disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranges from mild respiratory symptoms to severe lung failure. The virus is currently rapidly spreading around the world and pushing health systems to the limits of their capacity due to the exponential increase in the number of cases. The origin of SARS-CoV\u20112 lies in the bat coronavirus pool and has now emerged in the human population due to interspecies transmission. Molecular diagnostic methods have been established in a very short time and a\u00a0number of clinical studies on the effectiveness of different antiviral drugs are ongoing. The development of a\u00a0vaccine using different approaches is also under investigation.Considering the high number of cases and mortality rates of up to 9% there is an urgent need for action. This article summarizes the current state of knowledge on human coronaviruses with a\u00a0strong focus on the current data on SARS-CoV\u20112. Due to the daily changing level of knowledge, the article reflects the status up to 21 March 2020."}, {"pmid": 32215677, "pmcid": "PMC7095465", "title": "Suggestions for safety and protection control in Department of Nuclear Medicine during the outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiao", "Shao, Fuqiang", "Lan, Xiaoli"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215677", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428215, "title": "SARS-COV-2 pandemic: the significance of underlying conditions.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Dolk, Helen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428215", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374647, "title": "Practical Considerations When Performing Neurodiagnostic Studies on Patients with COVID-19 and Other Highly Virulent Diseases.", "journal": "Neurodiagn J", "authors": ["Haines, Seline", "Caccamo, Amy", "Chan, Fonda", "Galaso, German", "Catinchi, Alexis", "Gupta, Puneet K"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374647", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019, SARS-COV-2 (the cause of COVID-19), has led to a worldwide shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and an increased stress on hospital resources, which has resulted in a spike in the anxiety of the frontline healthcare workers. News reports and information about the virus are rapidly changing. We present a case of a patient with COVID-19 who had a seizure-like spell for which an EEG was performed. In early to mid-March, there were no clear guidelines or recommendations available from neurodiagnostic-related organizations or hospitals on how to adapt procedure workflow to those with COVID-19. When caring for COVID-19 patients, as when caring for any patient with an infectious disease, it is hospital protocol to follow contact, droplet/airborne precautions by wearing appropriate PPE. However, because we knew very little about the coronavirus, this case was different. In this article, we discuss our experience with our EEG workflow and concerns for staff exposure. We then discuss our adaptations and modifications to our standard procedures and protocols. A time analysis comparing our standard EEG protocol with our modified COVID-19 protocol revealed a significant decrease in technologist exposure time (99\u00a0minutes versus 51\u00a0minutes), which theoretically would reduce the chance of virus transmission to our technologist. At this critical moment in time, we hope such modifications will allow us to continue delivering high quality patient care while optimizing resource utilization and above all keeping our technologists safe."}, {"pmid": 32430579, "pmcid": "PMC7236641", "title": "[18F]-FDG PET/CT for suspected lymphoma relapse in a patient with concomitant pneumococcal pneumonia during COVID-19 outbreak: unexpected SARS-Cov-2 co-infection despite double RT-PCR negativity.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Zanoni, Lucia", "Mosconi, Cristina", "Cervati, Veronica", "Diegoli, Margherita", "Monteduro, Francesco", "Golfieri, Rita", "Fanti, Stefano"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430579", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504823, "title": "Patient-Centered, Gynecology-Specific Prioritization of Non-urgent Surgeries During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Proposal of a Novel Scoring System.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Borahay, Mostafa A", "Wethington, Stephanie L", "Wang, Karen C", "Christianson, Mindy S", "Martin, Stephen", "Lawson, Shari M", "Esguerra, Cybill", "Lippitt, Melissa H", "Wu, Harold", "Handa, Victoria L", "Satin, Andrew J", "Fader, Amanda N"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504823", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377635, "pmcid": "PMC7200133", "title": "Pandemic-related excess mortality (COVID-19), public health measures and funerary rituals.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Crubezy, Eric", "Telmon, Norbert"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377635", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387474, "pmcid": "PMC7204760", "title": "Children hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter retrospective descriptive study.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Bin", "Liu, Shuyi", "Zhang, Jue", "Xiao, Jijie", "Zhu, Shen", "Dong, Yuhao", "Yuan, Huanchu", "Zhong, Qingyang", "Yang, Ke", "Zou, Yujian", "Zhang, Shuixing"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387474", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457035, "pmcid": "PMC7252994", "title": "Novelty in the gut: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "BMJ Open Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Suresh Kumar, Vishnu Charan", "Mukherjee, Samiran", "Harne, Prateek Suresh", "Subedi, Abinash", "Ganapathy, Muthu Kuzhali", "Patthipati, Venkata Suresh", "Sapkota, Bishnu"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457035", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic has affected over 2.6\u2009million people across 210 countries. Recent studies have shown that patients with COVID-19 experience relevant gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the GI symptoms of COVID-19. A literature search was conducted via electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar, from inception until 20 March 2020. Data were extracted from relevant studies. A systematic review of GI symptoms and a meta-analysis comparing symptoms in severe and non-severe patients was performed using RevMan V.5.3. Pooled data from 2477 patients with a reverse transcription-PCR-positive COVID-19 infection across 17 studies were analysed. Our study revealed that diarrhoea (7.8%) followed by nausea and/or vomiting (5.5 %) were the most common GI symptoms. We performed a meta-analysis comparing the odds of having GI symptoms in severe versus non-severe COVID-19-positive patients. 4 studies for nausea and/or vomiting, 5 studies for diarrhoea and 3 studies for abdominal pain were used for the analyses. There was no significant difference in the incidence of diarrhoea (OR=1.32, 95% CI 0.8 to 2.18, Z=1.07, p=0.28, I2=17%) or nausea and/or vomiting (OR=0.96, 95% CI 0.42 to 2.19, Z=0.10, p=0.92, I2=55%) between either group. However, there was seven times higher odds of having abdominal pain in patients with severe illness when compared with non-severe patients (OR=7.17, 95% CI 1.95 to 26.34, Z=2.97, p=0.003, I2=0%). Our study has reiterated that GI symptoms are an important clinical feature of COVID-19. Patients with severe disease are more likely to have abdominal pain as compared with patients with non-severe disease."}, {"pmid": 32366131, "pmcid": "PMC7212535", "title": "Harnessing the potential of CRISPR-based platforms to advance the field of hospital medicine.", "journal": "Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther", "authors": ["McCarthy, Matthew W"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366131", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction: Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are segments of nucleic acid that play a role in prokaryotic defense and form the basis of a genome editing technology that allows permanent alteration of genetic material. This methodology, known as CRISPR-Cas9, is poised to revolutionize molecular biology, but no literature yet exists on how these advances will affect hospitalists.Areas covered: These specialists in inpatient medicine care for a wide variety of hospitalized patients, including those with infectious disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, autoimmune disease, hematologic disease, and a variety of other conditions that may soon be impacted by advances in gene-modifying technology provided by CRISPR-Cas9. A Literature search was performed using PubMed [1 December 2019-17 April 2020].Expert opinion: This paper reviews the remarkable diagnostic and therapeutic potential of the CRISPR-Cas9 platform and concludes with a look at ethical issues and technical hurdles pertaining to the implementation of permanent gene modification in the practice of Hospital Medicine."}, {"pmid": 32324367, "title": "Intrahospital resuscitation of COVID-19 patients", "journal": "Orv Hetil", "authors": ["Laszlo, Istvan", "Molnar, Csilla", "Koszta, Gyorgy", "Vegh, Tamas", "Fabian, Akos", "Berhes, Mariann", "Juhasz, Marianna", "Fulesdi, Bela"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324367", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic is a serious challenge for healthcare workers worldwide. The virus is spread through the air by droplets of moisture when people cough or sneeze and it has a very high virulence. Procedures generating airway aerosols are dangerous for every participant of patient care. Mortality of COVID-19 is above 10%, thus cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an often needed intervention in this patient group. Resuscitation is an aerosol-generating process and thus carries the risk of contamination. The goal of this article is to give a practice-based overview of the specialities of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in coronavirus-infected patients. Orv Hetil. 2020. 161(17): 710\u2013712."}, {"pmid": 32399845, "pmcid": "PMC7217616", "title": "Are Patients Suffering from Severe Obesity Getting a Raw Deal During COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Bhasker, Aparna Govil", "Greve, Jan Willem"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399845", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368726, "pmcid": "PMC7196421", "title": "COVID-19 and Healthcare worker's families: behind the scenes of frontline response.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Souadka, Amine", "Essangri, Hajar", "Benkabbou, Amine", "Amrani, Laila", "Majbar, Mohammed Anass"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368726", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479823, "pmcid": "PMC7258834", "title": "Impact of Anti-TNF and Thiopurines medications on the development of COVID-19 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A Nationwide VA cohort study.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Khan, Nabeel", "Patel, Dhruvan", "Xie, Dawei", "Lewis, James", "Trivedi, Chinmay", "Yang, Yu-Xiao"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479823", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488190, "title": "These methods from psychiatry can help you beat stress during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Marques, Luana"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488190", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425001, "pmcid": "PMC7089481", "title": "Possible aerosol transmission of COVID-19 and special precautions in dentistry.", "journal": "J Zhejiang Univ Sci B", "authors": ["Ge, Zi-Yu", "Yang, Lu-Ming", "Xia, Jia-Jia", "Fu, Xiao-Hui", "Zhang, Yan-Zhen"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425001", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its emergence in December 2019, corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has impacted several countries, affecting more than 90 thousand patients and making it a global public threat. The routes of transmission are direct contact, and droplet and possible aerosol transmissions. Due to the unique nature of dentistry, most dental procedures generate significant amounts of droplets and aerosols, posing potential risks of infection transmission. Understanding the significance of aerosol transmission and its implications in dentistry can facilitate the identification and correction of negligence in daily dental practice. In addition to the standard precautions, some special precautions that should be implemented during an outbreak have been raised in this review."}, {"pmid": 32427207, "pmcid": "PMC7232607", "title": "New opportunities for the redesign of agricultural and food systems.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Pretty, Jules"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427207", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32166310, "pmcid": "PMC7108172", "title": "A Novel Approach for a Novel Pathogen: using a home assessment team to evaluate patients for 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bryson-Cahn, Chloe", "Duchin, Jeffrey", "Makarewicz, Vanessa A", "Kay, Meagan", "Rietberg, Krista", "Napolitano, Nathanael", "Kamangu, Carole", "Dellit, Timothy H", "Lynch, John B"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32166310", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Thousands of people in the United States have required testing for SARS-CoV-2. Evaluation for a special pathogen is resource intensive. We report an innovative approach to home assessment that, in collaboration with public health, enables safe evaluation and specimen collection outside the healthcare setting, avoiding unnecessary exposures and resource utilization."}, {"pmid": 32241928, "title": "Vaccine designers take first shots at COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241928", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461146, "pmcid": "PMC7246048", "title": "COVID-19: Joint Statement on Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Surgery.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461146", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298686, "pmcid": "PMC7153527", "title": "Teleurology in the Time of Covid-19 Pandemic: Here to Stay?", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Luciani, Lorenzo Giuseppe", "Mattevi, Daniele", "Cai, Tommaso", "Giusti, Guido", "Proietti, Silvia", "Malossini, Gianni"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298686", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the implementation and outcomes of telemedicine in a Department of Urology in Northern Italy during the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. All the outpatient clinical activities during the 4 weeks following the national lockdown (March 9-April 3, 2020) in the Department of Urology of the Trento Province, Italy, were reviewed and categorized. Expert staff members examined the electronic records, selecting whether the clinic appointments should be canceled or confirmed (via telephone consultation or face-to-face visit). The rate, indication, and modality of visits were investigated. Overall, 415 of 928 (45%) scheduled patients canceled their clinic appointment themselves or were canceled by staff members without rescheduling. The remaining 523 (55%) cases were screened undergoing telephone consultation in 295 (56%) and face-to-face visit in 228 (44%). The rate of face-to-face visit decreased from 63% to 9% during week 1 and 4, respectively. Seventy-four percent of face-to-face visits regarded suspected recurrent or new onset malignancy or potentially dangerous clinical conditions (severe urinary symptoms or complicated urinary stones or infection). The median age of patients in the face-to-face and telephone groups was 59 (range 20-69) and 65 years old (range 37-88), respectively. A pandemic is a dynamic scenario, requiring reorganization and flexibility of the healthcare delivery. Forty-five percent visits were canceled without rescheduling. Although a minimum portion of face-to-face visit (<10% 1 month after the lockdown) was preserved mostly for suspected malignancy or potentially life-threatening conditions, telemedicine proved a pragmatic approach allowing efficient screening of cases and adequate protection for patients and clinicians."}, {"pmid": 32414997, "title": "Responding to a Pandemic: The COVID-19 Story.", "journal": "Neurol India", "authors": ["Kang, Gagandeep"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414997", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379036, "title": "Keep Calm and Log On: Telemedicine for COVID-19 Pandemic Response.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Doshi, Ameet", "Platt, Yonatan", "Dressen, John R", "Mathews, Benji K", "Siy, Jerome C"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379036", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232977, "title": "Response to \"Comments on 'Zhang et al: Clinical trial analysis of 2019-nCoV therapy registered in China'\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Qi", "Wang, Yakun", "Qi, Changsong", "Shen, Lin", "Li, Jian"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232977", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450133, "pmcid": "PMC7236662", "title": "Together-Apart During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Inclusion in the Time of Social Distancing.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Planz, Virginia B", "Spalluto, Lucy B", "Savoie, Brent", "Bradshaw, Marques", "Motuzas, Cari", "Block, John J", "Omary, Reed A"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450133", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383432, "pmcid": "PMC7263522", "title": "Structural Vulnerability in the United States Revealed in Three Waves of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Solis, Jamie", "Franco-Paredes, Carlos", "Henao-Martinez, Andres F", "Krsak, Martin", "Zimmer, Shanta M"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383432", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has unveiled underlying health inequities throughout the United States. The pandemic has spread across U.S. states, affecting different vulnerable populations, including both inner-city and rural populations, and those living in congregate settings such as nursing homes and assisted-living facilities. In addition, since early April, there has been an increasing number of outbreaks of COVID-19 in jails and prisons. We describe three overlapping epidemiologic waves of spread of COVID-19 linked to three different kinds of structural vulnerabilities."}, {"pmid": 32497318, "title": "Molecular characterization of breast cancer needle core biopsy specimens by the 21-gene Breast Recurrence Score test.", "journal": "J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Jakubowski, Debbie M", "Bailey, Helen", "Abran, John", "Blacklock, Andrea", "Ciau, Nancy", "Mies, Carolyn", "Tan, Vivian", "Young, Rebekah", "Lau, Anna", "Baehner, Frederick L"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497318", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent COVID-19 pandemic guidelines recommend genomic assessment of core biopsies to help guide treatment decisions in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive early-stage breast cancer. Herein we characterize biopsy and excisional breast cancer specimens submitted for 21-gene testing. US samples submitted to Genomic Health for 21-gene testing (01/2004-04/2020) were assessed by pathologists and analyzed by a standardized quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Predefined cutoffs were: ESR1 (positive \u22656.5), PGR (positive \u22655.5), and ERBB2 (negative <10.7). ER status by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and lymph node status were determined locally. Median and interquartile range were reported for continuous variables, and total and percent for categorical variables. Distributions were assessed overall, by age, and by nodal involvement. Of 919\u2009701 samples analyzed, 13% were biopsies and 87% were excisions. Initial assay success rates were 94.5% (biopsies) and 97.3% (excisions). ER IHC concordance with central ESR1 was 96.8% (biopsies) and 97.6% (excisions). Biopsy and excisional medians were: Recurrence Score results 16 (each); ESR1 10.2 (each); PGR 7.7 and 7.6; ERBB2 9.4 and 9.2, respectively. Biopsy submissions for 21-gene testing are common and consistently generate results that are very similar to the experience with excisions. The 21-gene test can be performed reliably on core biopsies."}, {"pmid": 32281481, "pmcid": "PMC7157945", "title": "Challenges and cares to promote rational use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: a timely review.", "journal": "J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev", "authors": ["Pereira, Boscolli Barbosa"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281481", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a result of the 2019 coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19), there has been an urgent worldwide demand for treatments. Due to factors such as history of prescription for other infectious diseases, availability, and relatively low cost, the use of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been tested in vivo and in vitro for the ability to inhibit the causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, even though investigators noted the therapeutic potential of these drugs, it is important to consider the toxicological risks and necessary care for rational use of CQ and HCQ. This study provides information on the main toxicological and epidemiological aspects to be considered for prophylaxis or treatment of COVID-19 using CQ but mainly HCQ, which is a less toxic derivative than CQ, and was shown to produce better results in inhibiting proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 based upon preliminary tests."}, {"pmid": 32335410, "pmcid": "PMC7175860", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak: Migration, effects on society, global environment and prevention.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Chakraborty, Indranil", "Maity, Prasenjit"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335410", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is considered as the most crucial global health calamity of the century and the greatest challenge that the humankind faced since the 2nd World War. In December 2019, a new infectious respiratory disease emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, China and was named by the World Health Organization as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). A new class of corona virus, known as SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) has been found to be responsible for occurrence of this disease. As far as the history of human civilization is concerned there are instances of severe outbreaks of diseases caused by a number of viruses. According to the report of the World Health Organization (WHO as of April 18 2020), the current outbreak of COVID-19, has affected over 2164111 people and killed more than 146,198 people in more than 200 countries throughout the world. Till now there is no report of any clinically approved antiviral drugs or vaccines that are effective against COVID-19. It has rapidly spread around the world, posing enormous health, economic, environmental and social challenges to the entire human population. The coronavirus outbreak is severely disrupting the global economy. Almost all the nations are struggling to slow down the transmission of the disease by testing & treating patients, quarantining suspected persons through contact tracing, restricting large gatherings, maintaining complete or partial lock down etc. This paper describes the impact of COVID-19 on society and global environment, and the possible ways in which the disease can be controlled has also been discussed therein."}, {"pmid": 32321075, "title": "COVID-19 and hospitalizations for SARI in Brazil: a comparison up to the 12th epidemiological week of 2020.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Bastos, Leonardo Soares", "Niquini, Roberta Pereira", "Lana, Raquel Martins", "Villela, Daniel A M", "Cruz, Oswaldo G", "Coelho, Flavio C", "Codeco, Claudia T", "Gomes, Marcelo F C"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321075", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Surveillance of the severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) in Brazil aims to characterize the circulation of the Influenza A and B viruses in hospitalized cases and deaths, having been expanded in 2012 to include other respiratory viruses. COVID-19 was detected in Brazil for the time in the 9th epidemiological week of 2020, and the test for the SARS-CoV-2 virus was included in the surveillance protocol starting in the 12th epidemiological week. This study's objective was to investigate the pattern of hospitalizations for SARI in Brazil since the entry of SARS-CoV-2, comparing the temporal and age profiles and laboratory results to the years 2010 through 2019. In 2020, hospitalizations for SARI, compiled from the date of the first confirmed case of COVID-19 up to the 12th week, exceeded the numbers observed during the same period in each of the previous 10 years. The age bracket over 60 years was the most heavily affected, at higher than historical levels. There was a considerable increase in negative laboratory tests, suggesting circulation of a different virus from those already present in the panel. We concluded that the increase in hospitalizations for SARI, the lack of specific information on the etiological agent, and the predominance of cases among the elderly during the same period in which there was an increase in the number of new cases of COVID-19 are all consistent with the hypothesis that severe cases of COVID-19 are already being detected by SARI surveillance, placing an overload on the health system. The inclusion of testing for SARS-CoV-2 in the SARI surveillance protocol and the test's effective nationwide deployment are extremely important for monitoring the evolution of severe COVID-19 cases in Brazil."}, {"pmid": 32317345, "title": "Covid-19 and mental health: a transformational opportunity to apply an evidence-based approach to clinical practice and research.", "journal": "Evid Based Ment Health", "authors": ["Smith, Katharine", "Ostinelli, Edoardo", "Cipriani, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317345", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534013, "title": "One-step multiplex TaqMan probe-based method for real-time PCR detection of four canine diarrhea viruses.", "journal": "Mol Cell Probes", "authors": ["Wang, Ruyi", "Zhang, Wenyan", "Ye, Rui", "Pan, Zhongzhou", "Li, Gairu", "Su, Shuo"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534013", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viral canine diarrhea has high morbidity and mortality and is prevalent worldwide, resulting in severe economic and spiritual losses to pet owners. However, diarrhea pathogens have similar clinical symptoms and are difficult to diagnose clinically. Thus, fast and accurate diagnostic methods are of great significance for prevention and accurate treatment. In this study, we developed a one-step multiplex TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR for the differential diagnosis of four viruses causing canine diarrhea including, CPV (Canine Parvovirus 2), CCoV (Canine Coronavirus), CAstV (Canine Astrovirus), and CaKoV (Canine Kobuviruses). The limit of detection was up to 102copies/\u03bcL and performed well with high sensitivity and specificity. This assay was optimized and used to identify possible antagonistic relationships between viruses. From this, artificial pre-experiments were performed for mixed infections, and a total of 82 canine diarrhea field samples were collected from different animal hospitals in Zhejiang, China to assess the method. The virus prevalence was significantly higher than what previously reported based on RT-PCR(Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction). Taken together, these results suggest that the method can be used as a preferred tool for monitoring laboratory epidemics, timely prevention, and effective monitoring of disease progression."}, {"pmid": 32334502, "title": "The Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR): Novel Considerations as an Antiviral Treatment", "journal": "Curr Neurovasc Res", "authors": ["Maiese, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334502", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Multiple viral pathogens can pose a significant health risk to individuals. As a recent\nexample, the \u03b2-coronavirus family virion, SARS-CoV-2, has quickly evolved as a pandemic leading\nto coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and has been declared by the World Health Organization\nas a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. To date, no definitive treatment or\nvaccine application exists for COVID-19. Although new investigations seek to repurpose existing\nantiviral treatments for COVID-19, innovative treatment strategies not normally considered to\nhave antiviral capabilities may be critical to address this global concern. One such avenue that may\nprove to be exceedingly fruitful and offer exciting potential as new antiviral therapy involves the\nmechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its associated pathways of mTOR Complex 1\n(mTORC1), mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2), and AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK). Recent\nwork has shown that mTOR pathways in conjunction with AMPK may offer valuable targets to\ncontrol cell injury, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the onset of hyperinflammation,\na significant disability associated with COVID-19. Furthermore, pathways that can activate\nmTOR may be necessary for anti-hepatitis C activity, reduction of influenza A virus replication,\nand vital for type-1 interferon responses with influenza vaccination. Yet, important considerations\nfor the development of safe and effective antiviral therapy with mTOR pathways exist. Under\nsome conditions, mTOR can act as a double edge sword and participate in virion replication and\nvirion release from cells. Future work with mTOR as a potential antiviral target is highly warranted\nand with a greater understanding of this novel pathway, new treatments against several viral\npathogens may successfully emerge."}, {"pmid": 32492354, "title": "Rationale and Design of ORCHID: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Hydroxychloroquine for Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Casey, Jonathan D", "Johnson, Nicholas J", "Semler, Matthew W", "Collins, Sean P", "Aggarwal, Neil R", "Brower, Roy G", "Chang, Steven Y", "Eppensteiner, John", "Filbin, Michael", "Gibbs, Kevin W", "Ginde, Adit A", "Gong, Michelle N", "Harrell, Frank", "Hayden, Douglas L", "Hough, Catherine L", "Khan, Akram", "Leither, Lindsay M", "Moss, Marc", "Oldmixon, Cathryn F", "Park, Pauline K", "Reineck, Lora A", "Ringwood, Nancy J", "Robinson, Bryce Rh", "Schoenfeld, David A", "Shapiro, Nathan I", "Steingrub, Jay S", "Torr, Donna K", "Weissman, Alexandra", "Lindsell, Christopher J", "Rice, Todd W", "Thompson, B Taylor", "Brown, Samuel M", "Self, Wesley H"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492354", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Outcomes Related to COVID-19 treated with Hydroxychloroquine among In-patients with symptomatic Disease (ORCHID) trial is a multicenter, blinded, randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine versus placebo for the treatment of adults hospitalized with COVID-19. This document provides the rationale and background for the trial and highlights key design features. We discuss five novel challenges to the design and conduct of a large, multi-center, randomized trial during a pandemic, including: 1) widespread, off-label use of the study drug before the availability of safety and efficacy data; 2) the need to adapt traditional procedures for documentation of informed consent during an infectious pandemic; 3) developing a flexible and robust Bayesian analysis incorporating significant uncertainty about the disease, outcomes, and treatment; 4) obtaining indistinguishable drug and placebo without delaying enrollment; and 5) rapidly obtaining administrative and regulatory approvals. Our goals in describing how the ORCHID trial progressed from study conception to enrollment of the first patient in 15 days are to inform the development of other high-quality, multi-center trials targeting COVID-19. We describe lessons learned to improve the efficiency of future clinical trials, particularly in the setting of pandemics. The ORCHID trial will provide high-quality, clinically relevant data on the safety and efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19 among hospitalized adults. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04332991) prior to enrollment of the first patient on April 2, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32292227, "pmcid": "PMC7151242", "title": "[Controversy regarding ACE inhibitors / ARBs in Covid-19].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Soria Arcos, Federico", "Romero-Puche, Antonio", "Vicente Vera, Tomas"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292227", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346588, "pmcid": "PMC7187826", "title": "Dermatologic findings in two patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "JAAD Case Rep", "authors": ["Rivera-Oyola, Ryan", "Koschitzky, Merav", "Printy, Rachel", "Liu, Stephanie", "Stanger, Roselyn", "Golant, Alexandra", "Lebwohl, Mark"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346588", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340737, "pmcid": "PMC7160057", "title": "Can You Catch It? Lessons Learned and Modification of ED Triage Symptom- and Travel-Screening Strategy.", "journal": "J Emerg Nurs", "authors": ["Schwedhelm, Michelle M", "Herstein, Jocelyn J", "Watson, Suzanne M", "Mead, Amy L", "Maddalena, Leo", "Liston, Devon D", "Hewlett, Angela L"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340737", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Efficient identification and isolation of patients with communicable diseases limits exposure to health care workers, other patients, and visitors. In August 2014, our team developed and implemented an algorithm to triage suspected cases of Ebola virus disease in a midwestern United States emergency department and outpatient clinics based on patient travel history and symptoms. Here, we present the lessons learned and modifications to update the tool. Two strategies were developed and utilized to properly identify, isolate, and inform on patients with suspected highly hazardous communicable diseases: 1) a robust electronic symptom and travel screen with decision support tools in the electronic medical record, and 2) the availability of workflow protocols for Ebola virus disease, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) once a person under investigation is identified. After action reports provided opportunities to modify the algorithm and improve the identification and isolation processes. Since our screening and travel electronic medical record inception 5 years ago, modifications changed iteratively to further enhance the screening process. Since 2018, staff have identified 5 patients at risk for MERS; in all cases, identification occurred during the check-in process. Exposure investigations in the emergency department decreased significantly after algorithm implementation in January 2019, from 30 in 2018 to 0 in 2019. Although highly hazardous communicable diseases like Ebola virus disease and MERS are of concern due to their mortality rates and limited treatment options, these same concepts may be applied to the early identification and isolation of patients suspected of having more common communicable diseases like measles and influenza, emphasizing the importance of protocol-based screening in the healthcare environment."}, {"pmid": 32412896, "title": "Cluster of Coronavirus Disease Associated with Fitness Dance Classes, South Korea.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jang, Sukbin", "Han, Si Hyun", "Rhee, Ji-Young"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412896", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During 24 days in Cheonan, South Korea, 112 persons were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 associated with fitness dance classes at 12 sports facilities. Intense physical exercise in densely populated sports facilities could increase risk for infection. Vigorous exercise in confined spaces should be minimized during outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32420612, "title": "COVID-19-associated immune thrombocytopenia.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Bomhof, Gienke", "Mutsaers, Pim G N J", "Leebeek, Frank W G", "Te Boekhorst, Peter A W", "Hofland, Johannes", "Croles, F Nanne", "Jansen, A J Gerard"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420612", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338708, "pmcid": "PMC7197612", "title": "Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Treatment and Management of Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bhimraj, Adarsh", "Morgan, Rebecca L", "Shumaker, Amy Hirsch", "Lavergne, Valery", "Baden, Lindsey", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Edwards, Kathryn M", "Gandhi, Rajesh", "Muller, William J", "O'Horo, John C", "Shoham, Shmuel", "Murad, M Hassan", "Mustafa, Reem A", "Sultan, Shahnaz", "Falck-Ytter, Yngve"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338708", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are many pharmacologic therapies that are being used or considered for treatment of COVID-19. There is a need for frequently updated practice guidelines on their use, based on critical evaluation of rapidly emerging literature. Develop evidence-based rapid guidelines intended to support patients, clinicians and other health-care professionals in their decisions about treatment and management of patients with COVID-19. IDSA formed a multidisciplinary guideline panel of infectious disease clinicians, pharmacists, and methodologists with varied areas of expertise. Process followed a rapid recommendation checklist. The panel prioritized questions and outcomes. Then a systematic review of the peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach was used to assess the certainty of evidence and make recommendations. The IDSA guideline panel agreed on 7 treatment recommendations and provided narrative summaries of other treatments undergoing evaluations. The panel expressed the overarching goal that patients be recruited into ongoing trials, which would provide much needed evidence on the efficacy and safety of various therapies for COVID-19, given that we could not make a determination whether the benefits outweigh harms for most treatments."}, {"pmid": 32519903, "title": "'Virtually Perfect' for Some but Perhaps Not for All: Launching Telemedicine in the Bronx During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Watts, Kara L", "Abraham, Nitya"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519903", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437244, "title": "Let's talk about sex in the context of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Appl Physiol (1985)", "authors": ["Gargaglioni, Luciane H", "Marques, Danuzia A"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437244", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In recent months, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has sent many countries into crisis. Studies have shown that this virus causes worse outcomes and a higher mortality in men than in women. It has been recognized that sex can affect the immune response to a pathogenic agent, as well as the susceptibility for some respiratory diseases. These different responses in males and females may be related to the actions of sex hormones. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) acts as the receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19. The expression of ACE2 is influenced by sex hormones; therefore, we discuss in this article that this could be one of the reasons why COVID-19 is more prevalent in men than in women."}, {"pmid": 32510106, "title": "Clinical Presentation of COVID19 in Dementia Patients.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Bianchetti, A", "Rozzini, R", "Guerini, F", "Boffelli, S", "Ranieri, P", "Minelli, G", "Bianchetti, L", "Trabucchi, M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510106", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No studies analyzing the role of dementia as a risk factor for mortality in patients affected by COVID-19. We assessed the prevalence, clinical presentation and outcomes of dementia among subjects hospitalized for COVID19 infection. Retrospective study. COVID wards in Acute Hospital in Brescia province, Northern Italy. We used data from 627 subjects admitted to Acute Medical wards with COVID 19 pneumonia. Clinical records of each patients admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of COVID19 infection were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnosis of dementia, modalities of onset of the COVID-19 infection, symptoms of presentation at the hospital and outcomes were recorded. Dementia was diagnosed in 82 patients (13.1%). The mortality rate was 62.2% (51/82) among patients affected by dementia compared to 26.2% (143/545) in subjects without dementia (p<0.001, Chi-Squared test). In a logistic regression model age, and the diagnosis of dementia resulted independently associated with a higher mortality, and patients diagnosed with dementia presented an OR of 1.84 (95% CI: 1.09-3.13, p<0.05). Among patients diagnosed with dementia the most frequent symptoms of onset were delirium, especially in the hypoactive form, and worsening of the functional status. The diagnosis of dementia, especially in the most advanced stages, represents an important risk factor for mortality in COVID-19 patients. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 in subjects with dementia is atypical, reducing early recognition of symptoms and hospitalization."}, {"pmid": 32406143, "pmcid": "PMC7272898", "title": "Could patients taking isotretinoin therapy be immune against SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Hamouda Elgarhy, Lamia"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406143", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367746, "title": "ACE2, COVID-19, and ACE Inhibitor and ARB Use during the Pandemic: The Pediatric Perspective.", "journal": "Hypertension", "authors": ["South, Andrew M", "Brady, Tammy M", "Flynn, Joseph T"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367746", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Potential but unconfirmed risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in adults and children may include hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic kidney disease, as well as the medications commonly prescribed for these conditions, ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors, and Ang II (angiotensin II) receptor blockers. Coronavirus binding to ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), a crucial component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, underlies much of this concern. Children are uniquely impacted by the coronavirus, but the reasons are unclear. This review will highlight the relationship of COVID-19 with hypertension, use of ACE inhibitors and Ang II receptor blockers, and lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease from the pediatric perspective. We briefly summarize the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and comprehensively review the literature pertaining to the ACE 2/Ang-(1-7) pathway in children and the clinical evidence for how ACE inhibitors and Ang II receptor blockers affect this important pathway. Given the importance of the ACE 2/Ang-(1-7) pathway and the potential differences between adults and children, it is crucial that children are included in coronavirus-related research, as this may shed light on potential mechanisms for why children are at decreased risk of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32351056, "pmcid": "PMC7231477", "title": "Decoding the evolution and transmissions of the novel pneumonia coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 / HCoV-19) using whole genomic data.", "journal": "Zool Res", "authors": ["Yu, Wen-Bin", "Tang, Guang-Da", "Zhang, Li", "Corlett, Richard T"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351056", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 started in mid-December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Up to 29 February 2020, SARS-CoV-2 (HCoV-19 / 2019-nCoV) had infected more than 85 000 people in the world. In this study, we used 93 complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the GISAID EpiFlu TM database to investigate the evolution and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in the first two months of the outbreak. We constructed haplotypes of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes, performed phylogenomic analyses and estimated the potential population size changes of the virus. The date of population expansion was calculated based on the expansion parameter tau ( \u03c4) using the formula t= \u03c4/2 u. A total of 120 substitution sites with 119 codons, including 79 non-synonymous and 40 synonymous substitutions, were found in eight coding-regions in the SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Forty non-synonymous substitutions are potentially associated with virus adaptation. No combinations were detected. The 58 haplotypes (31 found in samples from China and 31 from outside China) were identified in 93 viral genomes under study and could be classified into five groups. By applying the reported bat coronavirus genome (bat-RaTG13-CoV) as the outgroup, we found that haplotypes H13 and H38 might be considered as ancestral haplotypes, and later H1 was derived from the intermediate haplotype H3. The population size of the SARS-CoV-2 was estimated to have undergone a recent expansion on 06 January 2020, and an early expansion on 08 December 2019. Furthermore, phyloepidemiologic approaches have recovered specific directions of human-to-human transmissions and the potential sources for international infected cases."}, {"pmid": 32345635, "title": "Covid-19: benefit for death in service may not go far enough, warns BMA.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345635", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32097201, "title": "Non-invasive respiratory support for patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia: clinical efficacy and reduction in risk of infection transmission.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Xia, Jin-Gen", "Zhao, Jian-Ping", "Cheng, Zhen-Shun", "Hu, Yi", "Duan, Jun", "Zhan, Qing-Yuan"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32097201", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312019, "title": "[Airborne spreading for patients suffering severe coronavirus disease-2019 with different oxygen therapies].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, C Y", "Jiang, W", "Xia, Y", "Weng, L", "Du, B"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312019", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425364, "pmcid": "PMC7229910", "title": "Tocilizumab for severe COVID-19: A promising intervention affecting inflammation and coagulation.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Levi, Marcel"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425364", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328849, "pmcid": "PMC7178096", "title": "Physical Distancing in COVID-19 May Exacerbate Experiences of Social Isolation among People Living with HIV.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Marziali, Megan E", "Card, Kiffer G", "McLinden, Taylor", "Wang, Lu", "Trigg, Jason", "Hogg, Robert S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328849", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381730, "pmcid": "PMC7239652", "title": "New indication for an old anesthetic technique: could we consider now rapid sequence spinal anesthesia in a COVID-19 time?", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Varandas, Joana Santos", "Dias, Raquel", "Mendes, Angela Barbosa", "Lages, Neusa", "Machado, Humberto"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381730", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32477373, "pmcid": "PMC7235419", "title": "Implications of COVID-19 Outbreak on Immune Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis Patients-Lessons Learned From SARS and MERS.", "journal": "Front Immunol", "authors": ["Mohn, Nora", "Pul, Refik", "Kleinschnitz, Christoph", "Pruss, Harald", "Witte, Torsten", "Stangel, Martin", "Skripuletz, Thomas"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32477373", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic keeps the world in suspense. In addition to the fundamental challenges for the health care system, the individual departments must decide how to deal with patients at risk. Neurologists are confronted with the question, how they should advise their patients regarding immunosuppressive treatment. In particular, the large number of different disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in the treatment of neuroimmunological diseases such as multiple sclerosis poses a challenge. To a limited extent, it might be useful to transfer knowledge from previous SARS- and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus outbreaks in 2002/2003 and 2012 to the current situation. Overall, immunosuppressive therapy does neither seem to have a major impact on infection with SARS- and MERS-CoV nor does it seem to lead to a severe disease course in many cases. Considering the immunological responses against infections with novel coronaviruses in humans, interferons, glatiramer acetate, and teriflunomide appear to be safe. As lymphopenia seems to be associated with a more severe disease course, all DMTs causing lymphopenia, such as cladribine, alemtuzumab, and dimethyl fumarate, need to be reviewed more thoroughly. As they are, in general, associated with a higher risk of infection, depleting anti-CD20 antibodies may be problematic drugs. However, it has to be differentiated between the depletion phase and the phase of immune reconstitution. In summary, previous coronavirus outbreaks have not shown an increased risk for immunocompromised patients. Patients with severe neuroimmunological diseases should be kept from hasty discontinuation of immunotherapy."}, {"pmid": 32386246, "pmcid": "PMC7272927", "title": "COVID-19 and medical litigation: More than just the obvious.", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["Kelly, Anne-Maree"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386246", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has massively changed the health landscape around the world. Wide-ranging changes to healthcare delivery have occurred, especially in hospitals and EDs. Health services have made local decisions about care pathways, in some cases deviating from what would, until recently, have been considered widely accepted care. These changes bring with them new medicolegal risk for clinicians. In Australia, civil liability Acts provide protection for professionals when the criterion of having undertaken 'competent' practice that would be 'widely accepted' 'in the circumstances' is met. There is doubt how courts, and the medical experts who advise them, will evaluate clinical care provided during the pandemic when health services have developed local care pathways and there is no nationally accepted standard."}, {"pmid": 32450770, "title": "Evolving Management of COVID-19: A Multi-institutional Otolaryngology Perspective.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Wickemeyer, Johanna L", "Billings, Kathleen R", "Valika, Taher S"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450770", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To provide evolving information on active protocols regarding inpatient, outpatient, procedural, and surgical case management taking place in otolaryngology practices in response to COVID-19. Cross-sectional multi-institutional survey. An online survey of 55 otolaryngology departments across North America. As of March 25, 2020, almost all (n = 53 of 55, 96.3%) otolaryngology departments had canceled elective cases and were performing only urgent consults. Most residents continued to participate in operative cases (n = 45 of 49, 91.8%) and take call (n = 48 of 50, 96.0%). Of the respondents, 27 of 29 (93.1%) stated that they were deferring nonemergent tracheostomy procedures for the time being. The use of personal protective equipment followed a general trend of an increasing level of protection with an increased risk of the procedure; most (n = 49 of 54, 90.7%) incorporated N95 mask usage for bedside/clinic examinations with flexible laryngoscopy. Powered air-purifying respirators and N95 masks were used mainly for procedures involving the mucosal surfaces. Due to the high viral density in the nasal cavity and nasopharynx of patients with COVID-19, basic examinations and common otolaryngology procedures place practitioners at high risk of exposure. Although there is variability in practice among otolaryngologists across North America in managing the COVID-19 outbreak, most are primarily seeing urgent ambulatory and inpatient consultations. Most are also incorporating personal protective equipment appropriate to the level of transmission across mucous membranes. In these rapidly evolving times, it is helpful to find solidarity and assurance among health care providers. Current data aimed to provide (1) perceived methods regarding the safe care of otolaryngology patients and (2) updated practice patterns at a national level."}, {"pmid": 32371815, "pmcid": "PMC7236840", "title": "Hypertension and coronavirus disease 2019: what do we really know?", "journal": "J Hypertens", "authors": ["Mandler, Ari G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371815", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307322, "pmcid": "PMC7161491", "title": "Clinical characteristics and diagnostic challenges of pediatric COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Chang, Tu-Hsuan", "Wu, Jhong-Lin", "Chang, Luan-Yin"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307322", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current studies on pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are rare. The clinical characteristics and spectrum are still unknown. Facing this unknown and emerging pathogen, we aimed to collect current evidence about COVID-19 in children. We performed a systematic review in PubMed and Embase to find relevant case series. Because some reports were published in Chinese journals, the journals and publications of the Chinese Medical Association related to COVID-19 were completely reviewed. A random effects model was used to pool clinical data in the meta-analysis. Nine case series were included. In the pooled data, most of patients (75%) had a household contact history. The disease severity was mainly mild to moderate (98%). Only 2 children (2%) received intensive care. Fever occurred in 59% of the patients, while cough in 46%. Gastrointestinal symptoms (12%) were uncommon. There are 26% children are asymptomatic. The most common radiographic finding was ground glass opacities (48%). Currently, there is no evidence of vertical transmission to neonates born to mothers with COVID-19. Compared with the most relevant virus, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 causes less severe disease. COVID-19 has distinct features in children. The disease severity is mild. Current diagnosis is based mainly on typical ground glass opacities on chest CT, epidemiological suspicion and contact tracing."}, {"pmid": 32422376, "pmcid": "PMC7228890", "title": "Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in association with remdesivir in severe Coronavirus disease 2019: A case report.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Franzetti, Marco", "Pozzetti, Ugo", "Carugati, Manuela", "Pandolfo, Alessandro", "Molteni, Chiara", "Faccioli, Paolo", "Castaldo, Gioacchino", "Longoni, Ernesto", "Ormas, Valentina", "Iemoli, Enrico", "Piconi, Stefania"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422376", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the first successful treatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra, in association with the most promising and available antiviral therapy, of a severe case of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We describe the diagnosis, clinical course, and management of the case, including the respiratory failure at presentation, the progression to a scenario characterized by profound inflammatory dysregulation similar to that observed during macrophage activation syndrome, and the clinical improvement after treatment with the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra. This case highlights the high tolerability and the interesting immunomodulatory profile of the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in the setting of severe COVID-19 associated with remdesivir therapy. Further studies are needed to confirm the safety and efficacy of this combination strategy in the treatment of this emerging infection."}, {"pmid": 32478445, "title": "Lung Ultrasound Can Influence the Clinical Treatment of Pregnant Women With COVID-19.", "journal": "J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["Yassa, Murat", "Birol, Pinar", "Mutlu, Ali Memis", "Tekin, Arzu Bilge", "Sandal, Kemal", "Tug, Niyazi"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478445", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lung ultrasound (LUS) is an effective tool to detect and monitor patients infected with 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The use of LUS on pregnant women is an emerging trend, considering its effectiveness during the outbreak. Eight pregnant women with a diagnosis of COVID-19 confirmed by nasal/throat real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction testing who underwent point-of-care LUS examinations after routine obstetric ultrasound are described. A routinely performed LUS examination revealed serious lung involvement in 7 cases: 2 were initially asymptomatic; 3 have chest computed tomography; 1 had initial negative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results; and 1 had initial negative computed tomographic findings. Treatment for COVID-19 was either commenced or changed in 87.5% of the patients (n = 7 of 8) on LUS findings. Among patients with abnormal LUS findings, treatment was commenced in 5 patients (71.5%) and changed in 2 patients (28.5%). One normal and 7 abnormal LUS cases indicate the impact of routine LUS on the clinical outcome and treatment of pregnant women."}, {"pmid": 32199478, "pmcid": "PMC7156226", "title": "Offline: COVID-19-a reckoning.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199478", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501114, "title": "Air Hunger and Psychological Trauma in Ventilated COVID-19 Patients: An Urgent Problem.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Worsham, Christopher M", "Banzett, Robert B", "Schwartzstein, Richard M"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501114", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345362, "pmcid": "PMC7186534", "title": "Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor gene ACE2 in a wide variety of human tissues.", "journal": "Infect Dis Poverty", "authors": ["Li, Meng-Yuan", "Li, Lin", "Zhang, Yue", "Wang, Xiao-Sheng"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345362", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its discovery in December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 2\u00a0180 000 people worldwide and has caused more than 150 000 deaths as of April 16, 2020. SARS-CoV-2, which is the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a cell receptor to invade human cells. Thus, ACE2 is the key to understanding the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study is to investigate the ACE2 expression in various human tissues in order to provide insights into the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We compared ACE2 expression levels across 31 normal human tissues between males and females and between younger (ages \u2264\u00a049\u2009years) and older (ages >\u200949\u2009years) persons using two-sided Student's t test. We also investigated the correlations between ACE2 expression and immune signatures in various tissues using Pearson's correlation test. ACE2 expression levels were the highest in the small intestine, testis, kidneys, heart, thyroid, and adipose tissue, and were the lowest in the blood, spleen, bone marrow, brain, blood vessels, and muscle. ACE2 showed medium expression levels in the lungs, colon, liver, bladder, and adrenal gland. ACE2 was not differentially expressed between males and females or between younger and older persons in any tissue. In the skin, digestive system, brain, and blood vessels, ACE2 expression levels were positively associated with immune signatures in both males and females. In the thyroid and lungs, ACE2 expression levels were positively and negatively associated with immune signatures in males and females, respectively, and in the lungs they had a positive and a negative correlation in the older and younger groups, respectively. Our data indicate that SARS-CoV-2 may infect other tissues aside from the lungs and infect persons with different sexes, ages, and races equally. The different host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection may partially explain why males and females, young and old persons infected with this virus have markedly distinct disease severity. This study provides new insights into the role of ACE2 in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32399457, "pmcid": "PMC7213833", "title": "Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis as a Presentation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Hughes, Christopher", "Nichols, Tom", "Pike, Martin", "Subbe, Christian", "Elghenzai, Salah"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399457", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We describe the case of a 59-year-old man who presented with headache, hypertension and a single episode of fever with no other symptoms. He subsequently developed unilateral weakness. Computer tomography identified a cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). A subsequent test for COVID-19 was positive. This is the first report of CVST as a presenting symptom of COVID-19 infection. Thrombotic events may be the initial presenting symptom of COVID-19.These thrombotic events include stroke, venous thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism and cardiac complications.Clinicians should carefully consider the risk of thrombosis in patients positive for COVID-19, including prophylaxis and treatment beyond discharge."}, {"pmid": 32246149, "pmcid": "PMC7184503", "title": "New measures for COVID-19 response: a lesson from the Wenzhou experience.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ruan, Linhui", "Wen, Min", "Zeng, Qingrun", "Chen, Chengshui", "Huang, Shengwei", "Yang, Su", "Yang, Jianjing", "Wang, Jingqiang", "Hu, Yuhuan", "Ding, Saidan", "Zhang, Ying", "Zhang, Hongxia", "Feng, Yuanjing", "Jin, Kunlin", "ZhuGe, Qichuan"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246149", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the outbreak of COVID-19 has spread globally, determining how to prevent the spread is of paramount importance. We reported the effectiveness of different responses of four affected cities in preventing the COVID-19 spread. We expect Wenzhou anti-COVID-19 measures may provide experience for cities around the world that are experiencing this epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32310017, "title": "COVID-19 and stroke-A global World Stroke Organization perspective.", "journal": "Int J Stroke", "authors": ["Markus, Hugh S", "Brainin, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310017", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic affecting all parts of the world is having huge implications for stroke care. Not only do stroke patients appear to be more susceptible to severe infection, but the pandemic is having major implications on how we deliver stroke care, while ensuing safety of both our patients and health care professionals. COVID-19 infection itself has also been described as a risk factor for stroke. The World Stroke Organization has been monitoring the impact of the pandemic globally, and has identified an initial marked fall in stroke presentations as well as a widespread impact on stroke services. The pandemic is changing the way we deliver care, and has highlighted the enormous potential of telemedicine in stroke care."}, {"pmid": 32385569, "pmcid": "PMC7210098", "title": "COVID-19 not detected in peritoneal fluid: a case of laparoscopic appendicectomy for acute appendicitis in a COVID-19-infected patient.", "journal": "Langenbecks Arch Surg", "authors": ["Ngaserin, Sabrina Hui-Na", "Koh, Frederick H", "Ong, Biauw-Chi", "Chew, Min-Hoe"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385569", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 greatly affected millions and affected the way we practice with heightened posture in the way we treat surgical patients. Surgical consensus guidelines are recommending caution in the use of laparoscopy for the theoretical possibility of viral transmission from aerosolization of tissue and peritoneal fluid during surgery. However, there has yet to be proof of COVID-19 being present in peritoneal fluid, justifying the consensus statements. We aim to assess the presence of COVID-19 in peritoneal fluid. We performed a laparoscopic appendicectomy for a COVID-19-infected patient with acute appendicitis. Peritoneal fluid and peritoneal washings were collected and sent for COVID-19 PCR. The peritoneal fluid sample collected on entry and at the end of the operation was negative for COVID-19 on PCR. The patient had an uneventful recovery from surgery. This case revealed that COVID-19 was not detected in peritoneal fluid and peritoneal washings in a patient infected with COVID-19. This study provides novel preliminary data in the investigation of COVID-19 transmission from laparoscopy-related aerosolization."}, {"pmid": 32252508, "pmcid": "PMC7137568", "title": "Sharing Our Experience of Operating an Endoscopy Unit in the Midst of a COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Clin Endosc", "authors": ["Han, Jimin", "Kim, Eun Young"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252508", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401845, "title": "Physical Activity And Reducing Sedentary Behavior During The Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Arq Bras Cardiol", "authors": ["Pitanga, Francisco Jose Gondim", "Beck, Carmem Cristina", "Pitanga, Cristiano Penas Seara"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401845", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356225, "pmcid": "PMC7191133", "title": "Intravesical therapy for bladder cancer in the pandemic of Covid-19.", "journal": "World J Urol", "authors": ["Teoh, Jeremy Y C", "Roupret, Morgan", "Shariat, Shahrokh F", "Herrmann, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356225", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463200, "title": "Treatment of multiple sclerosis under the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Holmoy, Trygve", "Torkildsen, Oivind", "Bo, Lars"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463200", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354423, "pmcid": "PMC7185916", "title": "Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): A Global Pandemic.", "journal": "Knee", "authors": ["Al-Dadah, Oday", "Hing, Caroline"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354423", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526511, "title": "A potential role for cyclophosphamide in the mitigation of acute respiratory distress syndrome among patients with SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Revannasiddaiah, Swaroop", "Kumar Devadas, Santhosh", "Palassery, Rasmi", "Kumar Pant, Nirdosh", "Maka, Vinayak V"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526511", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While humanity struggles to develop a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2, it is imperative that effective and affordable therapeutic strategies be evolved. Since a majority of the SARS-CoV-2 deaths are due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a strategy to mitigate the same could save countless lives. Since SARS-CoV-2 related ARDS has a strong immunological component, many investigators are utilizing monoclonal antibodies against IL-6, TNF-alpha and CCR5. However, targeting a single cytokine with an expensive monoclonal antibody could be a less pragmatic approach. We propose the use of cyclophosphamide as an immunomodulator, given its proven role in various settings including autoimmune diseases, and in the post-haploidentical stem cell transplant. Cyclophosphamide could deplete cytotoxic and effector T cell populations while relatively sparing the regulatory T cells (Tregs). Cyclophosphamide could tip the balance away from the overtly pro-inflammatory and could be a less expensive and effective alternative to the currently investigated monoclonal antibodies."}, {"pmid": 32412405, "title": "Understanding the cytokine storm during COVID-19: Contribution of preexisting chronic inflammation.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Miossec, Pierre"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412405", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305588, "pmcid": "PMC7161506", "title": "Cytokine storm and immunomodulatory therapy in COVID-19: Role of chloroquine and anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Zhao, Ming"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305588", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425013, "title": "COVID-19 and coagulative axis: review of emerging aspects in a novel disease.", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Boccia, Matilde", "Aronne, Luigi", "Celia, Benito", "Mazzeo, Grazia", "Ceparano, Maria", "D'Agnano, Vito", "Parrella, Roberto", "Valente, Tullio", "Bianco, Andrea", "Perrotta, Fabio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425013", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Latest evidences from literature suggest that SARS-CoV-2 disease 2019 (COVID-19) is commonly complicated with coagulopathy and that disseminated intravascular coagulation is present in the majority of deceased patients. Particularly, conventional coagulation parameters appear to be significantly altered in patients with poor prognosis. A wide-ranging cross- talk between coagulative haemostasis and inflammation, as well as the activation of coagulation cascade during viral infections, are well established. Another important evidence which may explain coagulation disorders in COVID-19 is the increase of thrombus formation under conditions of hypoxia. Despite the exact pathophysiological mechanism of coronavirus-induced thromboembolism needs to be further investigated, this finding suggests that it is good practice to assess the risk of thrombosis in COVID-19 patients to improvethe clinical management in terms of anticoagulation therapy. Anticoagulants, mainly low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), should be tailored in patients meeting sepsis induced coagulopathy (SIC) criteria or with markedly elevated D-dimer. In this context, further studies are needed to optimise the decision making in therapeutic approach."}, {"pmid": 32267139, "title": "Hsa-miR-217 Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Via Targeting SIRT1 and P53/KAI1 Signaling", "journal": "Balkan Med J", "authors": ["Jiang, Wenxia", "Hou, Likun", "Wei, Juan", "Du, Yifeng", "Zhao, Yan", "Deng, Xue", "Lin, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267139", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Brain metastasis is a major cause of cancer death in patients with lung cancer. Sirtuin 1 and hsa-miR-217 have been identified to mediate the development of non-small cell lung cancer. To investigate the roles of hsa-miR-217, its target sirtuin 1, and the P53/KAI1 axis in the brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer. Cell culture study. Human pulmonary adenocarcinoma brain metastasis cell line PC-14/B were incubated and treated with constructed lentiviral plasmids expressing miR-217 and/or sirtuin 1. BEAS-2B cell line was used as a control. The targeted regulation of miR-217 to sirtuin 1was examined using a dual-luciferase reporter assay. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and related protein expression were detected to examine the effect of the miR-217/sirtuin 1 expression on metastasis. PC-14/B cells expressed higher sirtuin 1 and lower P53 and KAI1 compared with BEAS-2B control cells (p<0.05). Sirtuin 1 was a direct target of miR-217. MiR-217 expression suppressed PC-14/B cell invasion (p=0.004), migration (p=0.001), and proliferation (p<0.05), whereas sirtuin 1 overexpression reversed all processes. sirtuin 1 expression inhibited P53, KAI1/CD82, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and \u03b2-catenin but upregulated E-cadherin protein. MiR-217 overexpression induced reverse changes. Hsa-miR-217 and its target sirtuin 1 acted as metastasis suppressor and promoter gene in non-small cell lung cancer, respectively. The hsa-miR-217/sirtuin 1/P53/KAI1 metastasis regulatory pathway showed novel and crucial roles in brain metastasis from non-small cell lung cancer. This axis might be a potential target for the treatment of brain metastasis of lung cancer."}, {"pmid": 32416785, "pmcid": "PMC7255214", "title": "Use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and risk of COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital: a case-population study.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["de Abajo, Francisco J", "Rodriguez-Martin, Sara", "Lerma, Victoria", "Mejia-Abril, Gina", "Aguilar, Monica", "Garcia-Luque, Amelia", "Laredo, Leonor", "Laosa, Olga", "Centeno-Soto, Gustavo A", "Angeles Galvez, Maria", "Puerro, Miguel", "Gonzalez-Rojano, Esperanza", "Pedraza, Laura", "de Pablo, Itziar", "Abad-Santos, Francisco", "Rodriguez-Manas, Leocadio", "Gil, Miguel", "Tobias, Aurelio", "Rodriguez-Miguel, Antonio", "Rodriguez-Puyol, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416785", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Concerns have been raised about the possibility that inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) could predispose individuals to severe COVID-19; however, epidemiological evidence is lacking. We report the results of a case-population study done in Madrid, Spain, since the outbreak of COVID-19. In this case-population study, we consecutively selected patients aged 18 years or older with a PCR-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital from seven hospitals in Madrid, who had been admitted between March 1 and March 24, 2020. As a reference group, we randomly sampled ten patients per case, individually matched for age, sex, region (ie, Madrid), and date of admission to hospital (month and day; index date), from Base de datos para la Investigaci\u00f3n Farmacoepidemiol\u00f3gica en Atenci\u00f3n Primaria (BIFAP), a Spanish primary health-care database, in its last available year (2018). We extracted information on comorbidities and prescriptions up to the month before index date (ie, current use) from electronic clinical records of both cases and controls. The outcome of interest was admission to hospital of patients with COVID-19. To minimise confounding by indication, the main analysis focused on assessing the association between COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital and use of RAAS inhibitors compared with use of other antihypertensive drugs. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs, adjusted for age, sex, and cardiovascular comorbidities and risk factors, using conditional logistic regression. The protocol of the study was registered in the EU electronic Register of Post-Authorisation Studies, EUPAS34437. We collected data for 1139 cases and 11\u2008390 population controls. Among cases, 444 (39\u00b70%) were female and the mean age was 69\u00b71 years (SD 15\u00b74), and despite being matched on sex and age, a significantly higher proportion of cases had pre-existing cardiovascular disease (OR 1\u00b798, 95% CI 1\u00b762-2\u00b741) and risk factors (1\u00b746, 1\u00b723-1\u00b773) than did controls. Compared with users of other antihypertensive drugs, users of RAAS inhibitors had an adjusted OR for COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital of 0\u00b794 (95% CI 0\u00b777-1\u00b715). No increased risk was observed with either angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (adjusted OR 0\u00b780, 0\u00b764-1\u00b700) or angiotensin-receptor blockers (1\u00b710, 0\u00b788-1\u00b737). Sex, age, and background cardiovascular risk did not modify the adjusted OR between use of RAAS inhibitors and COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital, whereas a decreased risk of COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital was found among patients with diabetes who were users of RAAS inhibitors (adjusted OR 0\u00b753, 95% CI 0\u00b734-0\u00b780). The adjusted ORs were similar across severity degrees of COVID-19. RAAS inhibitors do not increase the risk of COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital, including fatal cases and those admitted to intensive care units, and should not be discontinued to prevent a severe case of COVID-19. Instituto de Salud Carlos III."}, {"pmid": 32494854, "pmcid": "PMC7268182", "title": "A review of pathophysiology and neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Jasti, Madhu", "Nalleballe, Krishna", "Dandu, Vasuki", "Onteddu, Sanjeeva"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494854", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become one of the most serious pandemics of the recent times. Since this pandemic began, there have been numerous reports about the COVID-19 involvement of the nervous system. There have been reports of both direct and indirect involvement of the central and peripheral nervous system by the virus. To review the neuropsychiatric manifestations along with corresponding pathophysiologic mechanisms of nervous system involvement by the COVID-19. Since the beginning of the disease in humans in the later part of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has rapidly spread across the world with over 2,719,000 reported cases in over 200 countries [World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report-96.,]. While patients typically present with fever, shortness of breath, sore throat, and cough, neurologic manifestations have been reported, as well. These include the ones with both direct and indirect involvement of the nervous system. The reported manifestations include anosmia, ageusia, central respiratory failure, stroke, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy, toxic-metabolic encephalopathy, headache, myalgia, myelitis, ataxia, and various neuropsychiatric manifestations. These data were derived from the published clinical data in various journals and case reports. The neurological manifestations of the COVID-19 are varied and the data about this continue to evolve as the pandemic continues to progress."}, {"pmid": 32412641, "pmcid": "PMC7239235", "title": "Unusual presentation of acute coronary syndrome in a patient with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Salido-Tahoces, Luisa", "Sanchez-Recalde, Angel", "Pardo-Sanz, Ana", "Zamorano Gomez, Jose Luis"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412641", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500851, "title": "African Resources and the Promise of Resilience against COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Blanton, Ronald E", "Mock, Nancy B", "Hiruy, Honelgn N", "Schieffelin, John S", "Doumbia, Seydou", "Happi, Christian", "Samuels, Robert J", "Oberhelman, Richard A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "African Resources and the Promise of Resilience against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32491234, "title": "Retiform purpura as a dermatological sign of covid-19 coagulopathy.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Bosch-Amate, X", "Giavedoni, P", "Podlipnik, S", "Andreu-Febrer, C", "Sanz-Beltran, J", "Garcia-Herrera, A", "Alos, L", "Mascaro, J M Jr"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491234", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide to become a pandemic. Multiple skin manifestations related to the infection have been described progressively. Recalcati1 asserted that 20.4% of infected patients developed cutaneous manifestations and Galv\u00e1n-Casas et al2 have recently proposed 5 clinical patterns (pseudo-chilblain, vesicular, urticarial, maculopapular and livedo/necrosis). We report a case of COVID-19 with retiform purpura and its histopathological correlation."}, {"pmid": 32532740, "title": "Scope, quality, and inclusivity of clinical guidelines produced early in the covid-19 pandemic: rapid review.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532740", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468155, "pmcid": "PMC7255077", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Social Support among Adult Egyptians.", "journal": "J Community Health", "authors": ["El-Zoghby, Safaa M", "Soltan, Enayat M", "Salama, Hend M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468155", "countries": ["Egypt"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The psychological impact of outbreaks on individuals includes an intense and wide range of psychiatric morbidities. People are likely to experience feelings as; worry about being infected or getting sick, increased self-blame, and helplessness. This study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and social support among Egyptian adults during the period of the pandemic. This is a cross-sectional observational study using an anonymous online questionnaire. The survey was conducted through a link shared on social networking sites. It was conducted from 2 May 2020 to 9 May 2020. The general populations of the Egyptian adults were included by using convenience and snowball sampling technique (510 adults). Impact Event scale mean 34.3\u2009\u00b1\u200915. About 211 (41.4%) suffered a severe impact. There was an increase in stress from work in 174 (34.1%), financial stress in 284 (55.7%), and stress from home in 320 (62.7%). Half of them felt horrified and helpless in 275 (53.9%), and 265 (52%) respectively, while 338 (66.3%) felt apprehensive. only 24.2% reported increased support from friends, while increased support from family members in 207 (40.6%). 46.5% shared their feelings with family members, while 176 (34.5%) shared with others. Caring for family members' feelings increased in 330 (64.7%). Age and rural residency were negative predictors for the impact of event score, while female gender or presence of chronic condition was a positive predictor for the impact of event score. Covid-19 pandemic has a great psychological impact on adult Egyptians and affected social support."}, {"pmid": 32167442, "pmcid": "PMC7137534", "title": "Involving antimicrobial stewardship programs in COVID-19 response efforts: All hands on deck.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Stevens, Michael P", "Patel, Payal K", "Nori, Priya"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32167442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32029660, "title": "China bans sale of wildlife following coronavirus.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32029660", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Josh Loeb reports on the action China is taking to prevent the spread of coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32461330, "title": "Impact of cardiovascular disease and cardiac injury on in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Li, Xintao", "Guan, Bo", "Su, Tong", "Liu, Wei", "Chen, Mengyao", "Bin Waleed, Khalid", "Guan, Xumin", "Gary, Tse", "Zhu, Zhenyan"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461330", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has produced a significant health burden worldwide, especially in patients with cardiovascular comorbidities. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the impact of underlying cardiovascular comorbidities and acute cardiac injury on in-hospital mortality risk. PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for publications that reported the relationship of underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension and myocardial injury with in-hospital fatal outcomes in patients with COVID-19. The ORs were extracted and pooled. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity. A total of 10 studies were enrolled in this meta-analysis, including eight studies for CVD, seven for hypertension and eight for acute cardiac injury. The presence of CVD and hypertension was associated with higher odds of in-hospital mortality (unadjusted OR 4.85, 95% CI 3.07 to 7.70; I2=29%; unadjusted OR 3.67, 95%\u2009CI 2.31 to 5.83; I2=57%, respectively). Acute cardiac injury was also associated with a higher unadjusted odds of 21.15 (95%\u2009CI 10.19 to 43.94; I2=71%). COVID-19 patients with underlying cardiovascular comorbidities, including CVD and hypertension, may face a greater risk of fatal outcomes. Acute cardiac injury may act as a marker of mortality risk. Given the unadjusted results of our meta-analysis, future research are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32474111, "pmcid": "PMC7255734", "title": "Echocardiographic Findings in Covid-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Mahmoud-Elsayed, Hani M", "Moody, William E", "Bradlow, William M", "Khan-Kheil, Ayisha M", "Hudsmith, Lucy E", "Steeds, Richard P"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474111", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to characterize the echocardiographic phenotype of patients with Covid-19 pneumonia and its relation to biomarkers. Seventy-four patients (59\u00b113 years, 78% male) admitted with Covid-19 were included after referral for transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) as part of routine care. A level 1 British Society of Echocardiography TTE assessed chamber size and function, valvular disease and likelihood of pulmonary hypertension. The chief abnormalities were right ventricular (RV) dilatation (41%) and RV dysfunction (27%). RV impairment was associated with increased D-dimer and CRP levels. In contrast, left ventricular (LV) function was hyper-dynamic or normal in most (89%) patients."}, {"pmid": 32524743, "title": "Donor and Transplant Candidate Selection for Solid Organ Transplantation during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Galvan, N Thao N", "Moreno, Nicolas F", "Garza, Jay E", "Bourgeois, Susan", "Hemmersbach-Miller, Marion", "Murthy, Bhamidipati", "Timmins, Katherine", "O'Mahony, Christine A", "Anton, James", "Civitello, Andrew", "Garcha, Puneet", "Loor, Gabe", "Liao, Kenneth", "Shaffi, Alexis", "Vierling, John", "Stribling, Rise", "Rana, Abbas", "Goss, John Alan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524743", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus responsible for a worldwide pandemic has forced drastic changes in medical practice in an alarmingly short period of time. Caregivers must modify their strategies as well as optimize the utilization of resources to ensure public and patient safety. For organ transplantation, in particular, the loss of life-saving organs for transplantation could lead to increased waitlist mortality. The priority is to select uninfected donors to transplant uninfected recipients while maintaining safety for healthcare systems in the backdrop of a virulent pandemic. We do not yet have a standard approach to evaluating donors and recipients with possible SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our current communication shares a protocol for donor and transplant recipient selection during the COVID-19 pandemic to continue life-saving solid organ transplantation for heart, lung, liver and kidney recipients. The initial results using this protocol are presented here and meant to encourage dialogue between providers, offering ideas to improve safety in solid organ transplantation with limited health care resources. This protocol was created utilizing the guidelines of various organizations and from the clinical experience of the authors and will continue to evolve as more is understood about SARS-CoV-2 and how it affects organ donors and transplant recipients."}, {"pmid": 32299202, "title": "COVID-19, immune system response, hyperinflammation and repurposing antirheumatic drugs", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Tufan, Abdurrahman", "Avanoglu Guler, Aslihan", "Matucci-Cerinic, Marco"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299202", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the Wuhan Province of China, in December 2019, the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a severe involvement of the lower respiratory tract leading to an acute respiratory syndrome. Subsequently, coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) provoked a pandemic which is considered a life-threatening disease. The SARS-CoV-2, a family member of betacoronaviruses, possesses single-stranded positive-sense RNA with typical structural proteins, involving the envelope, membrane, nucleocapsid and spike proteins that are responsible for the viral infectivity, and nonstructural proteins. The effectual host immune response including innate and adaptive immunity against SARS-Cov-2 seems crucial to control and resolve the viral infection. However, the severity and outcome of the COVID-19 might be associated with the excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines \u201ccytokine storm\u201d leading to an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Regretfully, the exact pathophysiology and treatment, especially for the severe COVID-19, is still uncertain. The results of preliminary studies have shown that immune-modulatory or immune-suppressive treatments such as hydroxychloroquine, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1 antagonists, commonly used in rheumatology, might be considered as treatment choices for COVID-19, particularly in severe disease. In this review, to gain better information about appropriate anti-inflammatory treatments, mostly used in rheumatology for COVID-19, we have focused the attention on the structural features of SARS-CoV-2, the host immune response against SARS-CoV-2 and its association with the cytokine storm."}, {"pmid": 32519779, "title": "Circulating Levels of IL-2, IL-4, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and C reactive protein Are Not Associated with Severity of COVID-19 Symptoms.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Luo, Wen", "Zhang, Jia-Wen", "Zhang, Wei", "Lin, Yuan-Long", "Wang, Qi"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519779", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of May 5, 2020, the total number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases had reached over 3.5 million worldwide. The outbreak of COVID-19 has been officially declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization because of global spread and severity. Accumulating evidence has been showed that patients with severe COVID-19 have a cytokine storm syndrome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32324055, "title": "A safe method to evacuate pneumoperitoneum during laparoscopic surgery in suspected COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Ann R Coll Surg Engl", "authors": ["Hanbali, N", "Herrod, Pjj", "Patterson, J"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324055", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297089, "pmcid": "PMC7157827", "title": "Switch from oral anticoagulants to parenteral heparin in SARS-CoV-2 hospitalized patients.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Testa, Sophie", "Paoletti, Oriana", "Giorgi-Pierfranceschi, Matteo", "Pan, Angelo"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297089", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The development of COVID-19 syndrome in anticoagulated patients, and especially their admission to intensive-care units with acute severe respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), expose them to specific problems related to their therapy, in addition to those associated with the acute viral infection. Patients on VKA hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 show high instability of PT INR due to the variability of vitamin K metabolism, diet, fasting, co-medications, liver impairment, and heart failure. Patients on DOAC are exposed to under/over treatment caused by significant pharmacological interferences. In consideration of the pharmacological characteristics of oral anticoagulant drugs, the multiple pharmacological interactions due to the treatment of acute disease and the possible necessity of mechanical ventilation with hospitalization in intensive-care units, we suggest replacing oral anticoagulant therapies (VKA and DOAC) with parenteral heparin to avoid the risk of over/under treatment."}, {"pmid": 32355435, "pmcid": "PMC7190554", "title": "Mathematical modeling of the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) taking into account the undetected infections. The case of China.", "journal": "Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul", "authors": ["Ivorra, B", "Ferrandez, M R", "Vela-Perez, M", "Ramos, A M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355435", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper we develop a mathematical model for the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is a new \u03b8-SEIHRD model (not a SIR, SEIR or other general purpose model), which takes into account the known special characteristics of this disease, as the existence of infectious undetected cases and the different sanitary and infectiousness conditions of hospitalized people. In particular, it includes a novel approach that considers the fraction \u03b8 of detected cases over the real total infected cases, which allows to study the importance of this ratio on the impact of COVID-19. The model is also able to estimate the needs of beds in hospitals. It is complex enough to capture the most important effects, but also simple enough to allow an affordable identification of its parameters, using the data that authorities report on this pandemic. We study the particular case of China (including Chinese Mainland, Macao, Hong-Kong and Taiwan, as done by the World Health Organization in its reports on COVID-19), the country spreading the disease, and use its reported data to identify the model parameters, which can be of interest for estimating the spread of COVID-19 in other countries. We show a good agreement between the reported data and the estimations given by our model. We also study the behavior of the outputs returned by our model when considering incomplete reported data (by truncating them at some dates before and after the peak of daily reported cases). By comparing those results, we can estimate the error produced by the model when identifying the parameters at early stages of the pandemic. Finally, taking into account the advantages of the novelties introduced by our model, we study different scenarios to show how different values of the percentage of detected cases would have changed the global magnitude of COVID-19 in China, which can be of interest for policy makers."}, {"pmid": 32431755, "pmcid": "PMC7220573", "title": "The novel immunomodulatory biologic LMWF5A for pharmacological attenuation of the \"cytokine storm\" in COVID-19 patients: a hypothesis.", "journal": "Patient Saf Surg", "authors": ["Thomas, Gregory", "Frederick, Elizabeth", "Hausburg, Melissa", "Goldberg, Laura", "Hoke, Marshall", "Roshon, Michael", "Mains, Charles", "Bar-Or, David"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431755", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A common complication of viral pulmonary infections, such as in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, is a phenomenon described as a \"cytokine storm\". While poorly defined, this hyperinflammatory response results in diffuse alveolar damage. The low molecular weight fraction of commercial human serum albumin (LMWF5A), a novel biologic in development for osteoarthritis, demonstrates beneficial in vitro immunomodulatory effects complimentary to addressing inflammation, thus, we hypothesize that LMWF5A could improve the clinical outcomes of COVID-19 by attenuating hyperinflammation and the potential development of a cytokine storm. A variety of human in vitro immune models indicate that LMWF5A reduces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines implicated in cytokine storm associated with COVID-19. Furthermore, evidence suggests LMWF5A also promotes the production of mediators required for resolving inflammation and enhances the barrier function of endothelial cultures. A randomized controlled trial, to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nebulized LMWF5A in adults with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) secondary to COVID-19 infection, was developed and is currently under review by the Food and Drug Administration. If successful, this therapy may attenuate the cytokine storm observed in these patients and potentially reduce mortality, increase ventilation free days, improve oxygenation parameters and consequently lessen the burden on patients and the intensive care unit. In conclusion, in vitro findings suggest that the immunomodulatory effects of LMWF5A make it a viable candidate for treating cytokine storm and restoring homeostasis to the immune response in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32341946, "pmcid": "PMC7182522", "title": "Chaos game representation dataset of SARS-CoV-2 genome.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Barbosa, Raquel de M", "Fernandes, Marcelo A C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341946", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of April 16, 2020, the novel coronavirus disease (called COVID-19) spread to more than 185 countries/regions with more than 142,000 deaths and more than 2,000,000 confirmed cases. In the bioinformatics area, one of the crucial points is the analysis of the virus nucleotide sequences using approaches such as data stream, digital signal processing, and machine learning techniques and algorithms. However, to make feasible this approach, it is necessary to transform the nucleotide sequences string to numerical values representation. Thus, the dataset provides a chaos game representation (CGR) of SARS-CoV-2 virus nucleotide sequences. The dataset provides the CGR of 100 instances of SARS-CoV-2 virus, 11540 instances of other viruses from the Virus-Host DB dataset, and three instances of Riboviria viruses from NCBI (Betacoronavirus RaTG13, bat-SL-CoVZC45, and bat-SL-CoVZXC21)."}, {"pmid": 32490889, "title": "Coagulation modifiers targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease Mpro for COVID-19 treatment: an in silico approach.", "journal": "Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz", "authors": ["Biembengut, Isis Venturi", "de Souza, Tatiana de Arruda Campos Brasil"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490889", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection depends on viral polyprotein processing, catalysed by the main proteinase (Mpro). The solution of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro structure allowed the investigation of potential inhibitors. This work aims to provide first evidences of the applicability of commercially approved drugs to treat coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). We screened 4,334 compounds to found potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication using an in silico approach. Our results evidenced the potential use of coagulation modifiers in COVID-19 treatment due to the structural similarity of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and human coagulation factors thrombin and Factor Xa. Further in vitro and in vivo analysis are needed to corroborate these results."}, {"pmid": 32395148, "pmcid": "PMC7207229", "title": "Public health measures, radiotherapy, and the novel coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "J Contemp Brachytherapy", "authors": ["Pellizzon, Antonio Cassio Assis"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327330, "pmcid": "PMC7166098", "title": "Management of mild cases of COVID-19 in low-resource countries: An experience in Vietnam.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Than, Hung Manh", "Nong, Vuong Minh", "Nguyen, Cap Trung", "Thi Tran, Ninh Hai", "Do, Cuong Duy", "Pham, Thach Ngoc"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327330", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291701, "pmcid": "PMC7155392", "title": "Recommendations for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic from IFSO.", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Yang, Wah", "Wang, Cunchuan", "Shikora, Scott", "Kow, Lilian"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291701", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384180, "pmcid": "PMC7273083", "title": "Clinical and histological characterization of vesicular COVID-19 rashes: A prospective study in a tertiary care hospital.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Fernandez-Nieto, D", "Ortega-Quijano, D", "Jimenez-Cauhe, J", "Burgos-Blasco, P", "de Perosanz-Lobo, D", "Suarez-Valle, A", "Cortes-Cuevas, J L", "Carretero, I", "Garcia Del Real, C M", "Fernandez-Guarino, M"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384180", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Vesicular skin rashes have been associated to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), but there is little information about this cutaneous manifestation. We designed a prospective observational study of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and vesicular lesions. Clinical characterization of skin findings was conducted by dermatologists. When possible, histological analysis and detection of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the content of the vesicles was performed. A total of 24 patients were included. A disseminated pattern was found in 18 patients (75%), and a localized pattern was found in 6 patients (25%). The median duration of the skin rash was of 10 days. Out of all, 19 patients (79.2%) presented the skin rash after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Histologic examination in two patients was consistent with viral infection, SARS-CoV-2 was not detected in four patients. This monocentric study shows the clinical characteristics of vesicular skin rashes in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32239796, "title": "Liver impairment in COVID-19 patients: A retrospective analysis of 115 cases from a single centre in Wuhan city, China.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Zhang, Yafei", "Zheng, Liang", "Liu, Lan", "Zhao, Mengya", "Xiao, Jun", "Zhao, Qiu"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239796", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is an ongoing global health emergency. The aim of our study was to investigate the changes of liver function and its clinical significance in COVID-19 patients. This retrospective, single-centre study was conducted on 115 confirmed cases of COVID-19 in Zhongnan hospital of Wuhan University from 18 January 2020 to 22 February 2020. Liver function and related indexes were analysed to evaluate its relationship with disease progression in COVID-19 patients. Part of the COVID-19 patients presented with varying degrees of abnormality in liver function indexes. However, the levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, GGT and LDH in COVID-19 patients were not significantly different when compared with hospitalised community-acquired pneumonia patients, and the levels of albumin is even significantly higher. The levels of ALT, AST, TBIL, LDH and INR showed statistically significant elevation in severe COVID-19 cases compared with that in mild cases. However, the clinical significance of the elevation is unremarkable. Majority of severe COVID-19 patients showed significantly decreasing in albumin level and continuously decreasing in the progress of illness. Most of the liver function indexes in COVID-19 patients were correlated with CRP and NLR, the markers of inflammation. Logistic regression analysis further identified NLR as the independent risk factor for severe COVID-19, as well as age. Although abnormalities of liver function indexes are common in COVID-19 patients, the impairment of liver function is not a prominent feature of COVID-19, and also may not have serious clinical consequences."}, {"pmid": 32343807, "pmcid": "PMC7197567", "title": "The Elderly & COVID-19: Cocooning or Culling: - the choice is ours.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Donnelly, Sinead"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343807", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272473, "pmcid": "PMC7206355", "title": "Pediatric Endocrinology in the Time of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Horm Res Paediatr", "authors": ["Cianfarani, Stefano"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272473", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327279, "pmcid": "PMC7170795", "title": "Unilateral conjunctivitis as first presentation of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A telemedicine diagnosis.", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Daruich, A", "Martin, D", "Bremond-Gignac, D"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327279", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444755, "title": "Coronavirus infectious waste management.", "journal": "Br Dent J", "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444755", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306627, "title": "[Suggestions for emergency operation of otorhinolaryngology head and neck during the period of prevention and control of 2019 novel coronavirus].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Sun, Y", "Hu, Y J", "Xiao, H J"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306627", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292266, "pmcid": "PMC7152742", "title": "Preventing COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries.", "journal": "Drugs Ther Perspect", "authors": ["Khadka, Sitaram", "Hashmi, Furqan K", "Usman, Muhammad"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292266", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255661, "pmcid": "PMC7237295", "title": "Code Blue During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Chan, Paul S", "Berg, Robert A", "Nadkarni, Vinay M"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255661", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459857, "title": "D-dimer and mortality in COVID-19: a self-fulfilling prophecy or a pathophysiological clue?", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Breakey, Neal", "Escher, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459857", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a global phenomenon has presented clinicians around the world with multiple challenges. Thromboembolic events are recognised complications of viral infection, but the diagnosis of an acute pulmonary thrombotic complication in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be challenging because of the similarities of presentation, logistical considerations of diagnosis in a patient isolated for infection control reasons and the effects of cognitive errors in diagnostic reasoning. We present the case of a patient who was diagnosed with a pulmonary thrombotic complication during inpatient care for COVID-19. The haemostasis parameters we observed, including increased levels of von Willebrand factor and factor VIII, point towards a relevant involvement of endothelial cells in patients with severe COVID-19. We suggest that it is possible to hypothesise a spectrum of secondarily acquired, prothrombotic coagulopathy mediated by the endothelial interaction with SARS-CoV-2 as a cause of mortality in a subset of patients with a complicated clinical course of COVID-19. We support the recommendation of thromboembolic chemoprophylaxis for inpatients with COVID-19 as a very minimum in the absence of strict contraindications, while recognising that pulmonary thrombotic complications can occur under standard thromboprophylaxis. We suggest that higher, possibly therapeutic levels of anticoagulation might be mandatory for a further subset of patients with COVID-19 where a discrepant evolution of C-reactive protein and D-dimer is observed. Therapeutic levels of anticoagulation are obligatory where new evidence of a macrovascular thrombotic complication has been documented. More research to delineate the macro- and microvascular thrombotic complications of COVID-19, and the therapeutic implications for this patient group is required."}, {"pmid": 32527378, "title": "Estimated Use of Intensive Care Beds Due to COVID-19 in Germany Over Time.", "journal": "Dtsch Arztebl Int", "authors": ["Stang, Andreas", "Stang, Maximilian", "Jockel, Karl-Heinz"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527378", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is concern in Germany that the capacity of intensive care unit (ICU) beds may not be sufficient for the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim was to determine the maximum daily number of COVID-19 cases requiring intensive care from 11 April through 30 June 2020. We assumed three non-exponential scenarios for the development of the cumulative case numbers up to 30 June 2020 (linear, slow quadratic, and fast quadratic). We assumed that 3-10% of of patients would require intensive care, that 8 days would elapse from a positive test to the need for intensive care, and that intensive care would be necessary for 14 or 20 days. Extrapolation of the maximum registered daily COVID-19 cases reveals a range of 4133 to 12 233 cases. Assuming that 3-10% of newly detected COVID-19 cases become intensive care patients and the average length of ICU stay is between 14 and 20 days, we arrive at a maximum daily number of ICU cases between 1989 (linear extrapolation, 3% ICU, 14 days in ICU) and 20 966 (fast quadratic extrapolation, 10% ICU, 20 days in ICU). Our results give no rise for concern that triage of COVID-19 patients may become necessary in Germany. However, the occupancy of ICU beds should be managed centrally to ensure optimal use of bed capacity. If, contrary to expectations, an exponential increase in case numbers should occur after all, our results will become invalid."}, {"pmid": 32446177, "pmcid": "PMC7236732", "title": "Airway management and ventilation principles in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Szarpak, Lukasz", "Drozd, Anna", "Smereka, Jacek"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446177", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496231, "title": "A science-based response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Muliyil, J P"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496231", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic behaves like many other viruses spread through respiratory routes. This is generally a mild disease for those aged less than 50 years. A complete and prolonged lockdown will reduce COVID-19 mortality but simultaneously lead to a graver public health, social, and economic disaster. The focus has to be based on the reality that exists in an area."}, {"pmid": 32293083, "pmcid": "PMC7262115", "title": "Pulmonary thrombosis in 2019-nCoV pneumonia?", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Marongiu, Francesco", "Grandone, Elvira", "Barcellona, Doris"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293083", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397746, "title": "Crisis Leadership During and Following COVID-19.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Forster, Bruce B", "Patlas, Michael N", "Lexa, Frank J"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397746", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415836, "pmcid": "PMC7239260", "title": "Response to COVID-19 and ACEI/ARB: NOT ASSOCIATED?", "journal": "Am J Hypertens", "authors": ["Schiffrin, Ernesto L", "Flack, John M", "Ito, Sadayoshi", "Muntner, Paul", "Webb, R Clinton"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415836", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452839, "pmcid": "PMC7255400", "title": "Public Health Is Essential: COVID-19's Learnable Moment for Medical Education.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Maeshiro, Rika", "Carney, Jan K"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452839", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic, an unprecedented challenge for this generation of physicians and for the health care system, has re-awakened calls to strengthen the United States' public health systems. This global event is also a \"learnable moment\" for medical education-an opportunity to decisively incorporate public health, including public health systems, through the continuum of medical education. Although medical educators have made progress in integrating public health content into medical curricula, \"public health\" is not a phrase that is consistently used in curricular standards, and public health colleagues are not identified as unique and essential partners to improve and protect health. The COVID-19 crisis has demonstrated how a strong public health system is necessary to support the health of patients and populations, as well as the practice of medicine. Partnerships between medical and public health communities, through individual- and population-based interventions, can also more effectively combat more common threats to health, such as chronic diseases, health inequities, and substance abuse.To achieve a more effective medicine-public health relationship in practice, curricula across the continuum of medical education must include explanations of public health systems, the responsibilities of physicians to their local and state governmental public health agencies, and opportunities for collaboration. Medical education should also prepare physicians to advocate for public health policies, programs, and funding in order to improve and protect the health of their patients and communities. Pandemic COVID-19 demonstrates with laser focus that all physicians are part of public health systems, and that public health content has a distinct and critical place across the continuum of medical education to prepare physicians to participate in, collaborate with, and advocate for public health systems."}, {"pmid": 32515372, "title": "Resource husbandry in challenging times.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Agrawal, Upasana", "Khandelwal, Deepak", "Kalra, Sanjay", "Dhingra, Atul"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515372", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has put a huge pressure on healthcare systems across the globe, more so in developing countries. Not only patients of acute febrile illness and respiratory problems but also patients with other acute and chronic diseases are facing challenges while seeking healthcare, getting laboratory investigations done and obtaining medications. Healthcare workers have their challenges including limited resources, lack of personal protective equipments, and fear of contracting COVID-19. Resource husbandry, which refers to the judicious use of available stocks, is a vital concept that needs to be promoted during such challenging times to combat the shortage of medical resources while simultaneously providing effective treatment to the patients. Some easily implementable concepts of resource husbandry can have a significant impact and result in minimising trouble for many patients during a challenging time."}, {"pmid": 32439274, "pmcid": "PMC7270559", "title": "COVID-19: What Should Clinicians and Scientists Do and When?", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Corley, Douglas A", "Peek, Richard M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439274", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379731, "title": "COVID-19 Among Workers in Meat and Poultry Processing Facilities - 19 States, April 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Dyal, Jonathan W", "Grant, Michael P", "Broadwater, Kendra", "Bjork, Adam", "Waltenburg, Michelle A", "Gibbins, John D", "Hale, Christa", "Silver, Maggie", "Fischer, Marc", "Steinberg, Jonathan", "Basler, Colin A", "Jacobs, Jesica R", "Kennedy, Erin D", "Tomasi, Suzanne", "Trout, Douglas", "Hornsby-Myers, Jennifer", "Oussayef, Nadia L", "Delaney, Lisa J", "Patel, Ketki", "Shetty, Varun", "Kline, Kelly E", "Schroeder, Betsy", "Herlihy, Rachel K", "House, Jennifer", "Jervis, Rachel", "Clayton, Joshua L", "Ortbahn, Dustin", "Austin, Connie", "Berl, Erica", "Moore, Zack", "Buss, Bryan F", "Stover, Derry", "Westergaard, Ryan", "Pray, Ian", "DeBolt, Meghan", "Person, Amy", "Gabel, Julie", "Kittle, Theresa S", "Hendren, Pamela", "Rhea, Charles", "Holsinger, Caroline", "Dunn, John", "Turabelidze, George", "Ahmed, Farah S", "deFijter, Siestke", "Pedati, Caitlin S", "Rattay, Karyl", "Smith, Erica E", "Luna-Pinto, Carolina", "Cooley, Laura A", "Saydah, Sharon", "Preacely, Nykiconia D", "Maddox, Ryan A", "Lundeen, Elizabeth", "Goodwin, Bradley", "Karpathy, Sandor E", "Griffing, Sean", "Jenkins, Mary M", "Lowry, Garry", "Schwarz, Rachel D", "Yoder, Jonathan", "Peacock, Georgina", "Walke, Henry T", "Rose, Dale A", "Honein, Margaret A"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379731", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Congregate work and residential locations are at increased risk for infectious disease transmission including respiratory illness outbreaks. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is primarily spread person to person through respiratory droplets. Nationwide, the meat and poultry processing industry, an essential component of the U.S. food infrastructure, employs approximately 500,000 persons, many of whom work in proximity to other workers (1). Because of reports of initial cases of COVID-19, in some meat processing facilities, states were asked to provide aggregated data concerning the number of meat and poultry processing facilities affected by COVID-19 and the number of workers with COVID-19 in these facilities, including COVID-19-related deaths. Qualitative data gathered by CDC during on-site and remote assessments were analyzed and summarized. During April 9-27, aggregate data on COVID-19 cases among 115 meat or poultry processing facilities in 19 states were reported to CDC. Among these facilities, COVID-19 was diagnosed in 4,913 (approximately 3%) workers, and 20 COVID-19-related deaths were reported. Facility barriers to effective prevention and control of COVID-19 included difficulty distancing workers at least 6 feet (2 meters) from one another (2) and in implementing COVID-19-specific disinfection guidelines.* Among workers, socioeconomic challenges might contribute to working while feeling ill, particularly if there are management practices such as bonuses that incentivize attendance. Methods to decrease transmission within the facility include worker symptom screening programs, policies to discourage working while experiencing symptoms compatible with COVID-19, and social distancing by workers. Source control measures (e.g., the use of cloth face covers) as well as increased disinfection of high-touch surfaces are also important means of preventing SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Mitigation efforts to reduce transmission in the community should also be considered. Many of these measures might also reduce asymptomatic and presymptomatic transmission (3). Implementation of these public health strategies will help protect workers from COVID-19 in this industry and assist in preserving the critical meat and poultry production infrastructure (4)."}, {"pmid": 32266987, "pmcid": "PMC7262211", "title": "Corticosteroid treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Zha, Lei", "Li, Shirong", "Pan, Lingling", "Tefsen, Boris", "Li, Yeshan", "French, Neil", "Chen, Liyun", "Yang, Gang", "Villanueva, Elmer V"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266987", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the efficacy of corticosteroid treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Observational study in the two COVID-19-designated hospitals in Wuhu, Anhui province, China, 24 January - 24 February 2020. Thirty-one patients infected with the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) treated at the two designated hospitals. Virus clearance time, length of hospital stay, and duration of symptoms, by treatment type (including or not including corticosteroid therapy). Eleven of 31 patients with COVID-19 received corticosteroid treatment. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated no association between corticosteroid treatment and virus clearance time (hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% CI, 0.58-2.74), hospital length of stay (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.33-1.78), or duration of symptoms (HR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.40-1.83). Univariate analysis indicated that virus clearance was slower in two patients with chronic hepatitis B infections (mean difference, 10.6 days; 95% CI, 6.2-15.1 days). Corticosteroids are widely used when treating patients with COVID-19, but we found no association between therapy and outcomes in patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome. An existing HBV infection may delay SARS-CoV-2 clearance, and this association should be further investigated."}, {"pmid": 32240096, "pmcid": "PMC7124952", "title": "Preventive Behaviors Conveyed on YouTube to Mitigate Transmission of COVID-19: Cross-Sectional Study.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Basch, Corey H", "Hillyer, Grace C", "Meleo-Erwin, Zoe C", "Jaime, Christie", "Mohlman, Jan", "Basch, Charles E"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240096", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Accurate information and guidance about personal behaviors that can reduce exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are among the most important elements in mitigating the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). With over 2 billion users, YouTube is a media channel that millions turn to when seeking information. At the time of this study, there were no published studies investigating the content of YouTube videos related to COVID-19. This study aims to address this gap in the current knowledge. The 100 most widely viewed YouTube videos uploaded throughout the month of January 2020 were reviewed and the content covered was described. Collectively, these videos were viewed over 125 million times. Fewer than one-third of the videos covered any of the seven key prevention behaviors listed on the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. These results represent an important missed opportunity for disease prevention."}, {"pmid": 32470601, "pmcid": "PMC7255259", "title": "Successful recovery of severe COVID-19 with cytokine storm treating with extracorporeal blood purification.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Qiang", "Hu, Zhao"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470601", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 associated cytokine storm could induce ARDS rapidly and the patients would require the support of mechanic ventilation. However, the prognosis was not that optimistic. The outcome might be changed if the intervention of EBP was performed timely. We present a case of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection who recovered from cytokine storm."}, {"pmid": 32108459, "title": "[Treatment strategies of Budd-Chiari syndrome during the epidemic period of 2019 coronavirus disease].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, L H", "Zhang, G", "Dang, X W", "Li, L"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108459", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prevention and control about the situation of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are grim at present. In addition to supporting the frontline actively, medical workers in general surgery spare no efforts in making good diagnosis and treatment of specialized diseases by optimizing treatment process, providing medical advice online, mastering indications of delayed operation and emergency operation reasonably, etc. Budd-Chiari syndrome is a complex disorder, and severity of the disease varies, serious cases can be life threatening. While fighting the epidemic, medical workers should also ensure the medical needs of patients. However, instead of continuing the traditional treatment, a new management system should be developed. Based on the characteristics of Budd-Chiari syndrome patients in China and our experience, patients are divided into ordinary cases and critical cases, and treatment strategies suitable for the epidemic period of COVID-19 are put forward for reference and discussion by physicians."}, {"pmid": 32283147, "pmcid": "PMC7151379", "title": "Prolonged virus shedding even after seroconversion in a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Wang-Da", "Chang, Sui-Yuan", "Wang, Jann-Tay", "Tsai, Ming-Jui", "Hung, Chien-Ching", "Hsu, Chia-Lin", "Chang, Shan-Chwen"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283147", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32094225, "pmcid": "PMC7152756", "title": "The antiviral compound remdesivir potently inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.", "journal": "J Biol Chem", "authors": ["Gordon, Calvin J", "Tchesnokov, Egor P", "Feng, Joy Y", "Porter, Danielle P", "Gotte, Matthias"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32094225", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Antiviral drugs for managing infections with human coronaviruses are not yet approved, posing a serious challenge to current global efforts aimed at containing the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (CoV-2). Remdesivir (RDV) is an investigational compound with a broad spectrum of antiviral activities against RNA viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV). RDV is a nucleotide analog inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRps). Here, we co-expressed the MERS-CoV nonstructural proteins nsp5, nsp7, nsp8, and nsp12 (RdRp) in insect cells as a part a polyprotein to study the mechanism of inhibition of MERS-CoV RdRp by RDV. We initially demonstrated that nsp8 and nsp12 form an active complex. The triphosphate form of the inhibitor (RDV-TP) competes with its natural counterpart ATP. Of note, the selectivity value for RDV-TP obtained here with a steady-state approach suggests that it is more efficiently incorporated than ATP and two other nucleotide analogs. Once incorporated at position i, the inhibitor caused RNA synthesis arrest at position i + 3. Hence, the likely mechanism of action is delayed RNA chain termination. The additional three nucleotides may protect the inhibitor from excision by the viral 3'-5' exonuclease activity. Together, these results help to explain the high potency of RDV against RNA viruses in cell-based assays."}, {"pmid": 32430429, "title": "Serology characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection since exposure and post symptom onset.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Lou, Bin", "Li, Ting-Dong", "Zheng, Shu-Fa", "Su, Ying-Ying", "Li, Zhi-Yong", "Liu, Wei", "Yu, Fei", "Ge, Sheng-Xiang", "Zou, Qian-Da", "Yuan, Quan", "Lin, Sha", "Hong, Cong-Ming", "Yao, Xiang-Yang", "Zhang, Xue-Jie", "Wu, Ding-Hui", "Zhou, Guo-Liang", "Hou, Wang-Heng", "Li, Ting-Ting", "Zhang, Ya-Li", "Zhang, Shi-Yin", "Fan, Jian", "Zhang, Jun", "Xia, Ning-Shao", "Chen, Yu"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430429", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Timely diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is a prerequisite for treatment and prevention. The serology characteristics and complement diagnosis value of the antibody test to RNA test need to be demonstrated. Serial sera of 80 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 were collected at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China. Total antibody (Ab), IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected, and the antibody dynamics during the infection were described. The seroconversion rates for Ab, IgM and IgG were 98.8%, 93.8% and 93.8%, respectively. The first detectible serology marker was Ab, followed by IgM and IgG, with a median seroconversion time of 15, 18 and 20\u2005days post exposure (d.p.e) or 9, 10 and 12\u2005days post onset (d.p.o), respectively. The antibody levels increased rapidly beginning at 6\u2005d.p.o. and were accompanied by a decline in viral load. For patients in the early stage of illness (0-7\u2005d.p.o), Ab showed the highest sensitivity (64.1%) compared to IgM and IgG (33.3% for both, p<0.001). The sensitivities of Ab, IgM and IgG increased to 100%, 96.7% and 93.3% 2\u2005weeks later, respectively. When the same antibody type was detected, no significant difference was observed between enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and other forms of immunoassays. A typical acute antibody response is induced during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Serology testing provides an important complement to RNA testing in the later stages of illness for pathogenic specific diagnosis and helpful information to evaluate the adapted immunity status of patients."}, {"pmid": 32356164, "pmcid": "PMC7192058", "title": "Re-purposing a face tent as a disposable aerosol evacuation system to reduce contamination in COVID-19 patients: a simulated demonstration.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Tsui, Ban C H"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356164", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292869, "pmcid": "PMC7130075", "title": "Dr. Hong Yu leads a team battling against the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan.", "journal": "Laparosc Endosc Robot Surg", "authors": ["Wang, Jin", "Zeng, Qingjie"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292869", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454003, "title": "What should primary care look like after the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Aust J Prim Health", "authors": ["Duckett, Stephen"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454003", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The response to COVID-19 transformed primary care: new telehealth items were added to the Medicare Benefits Schedule, and their use quickly escalated, general practices and community health centres developed new ways of working and patients embraced the changes. As new coronavirus infections plummet and governments contemplate lifting spatial distancing restrictions, attention should turn to the transition out of pandemic mode. Some good things happened during the pandemic, including the rapid introduction of the new telehealth items. The post-pandemic health system should learn from the COVID-19 changes and create a new normal."}, {"pmid": 32273591, "title": "The COVID-19 vaccine development landscape.", "journal": "Nat Rev Drug Discov", "authors": ["Thanh Le, Tung", "Andreadakis, Zacharias", "Kumar, Arun", "Gomez Roman, Raul", "Tollefsen, Stig", "Saville, Melanie", "Mayhew, Stephen"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273591", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348077, "title": "Impact in the Fight Against COVID-19.", "journal": "WMJ", "authors": ["Kerschner, Joseph E"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348077", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425338, "pmcid": "PMC7233216", "title": "Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19: Radiologic and clinical overview.", "journal": "Clin Imaging", "authors": ["Behzad, Shima", "Aghaghazvini, Leila", "Radmard, Amir Reza", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425338", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is principally a respiratory illness and pulmonary manifestations constitute main presentations of the disease. According to the reported studies, SARS-CoV-2 infection is not limited to the respiratory system and other organs can be also affected. Renal dysfunction, gastrointestinal complications, liver dysfunction, cardiac manifestations, mediastinal findings, neurological abnormalities, and hematological manifestations are among the reported extrapulmonary features. Considering the broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and the increasing worldwide burden of the disease, there is an urgent need to rapidly scale up the diagnostic capacity to detect COVID-19 and its complications. This paper focuses on the most common extrapulmonary manifestations in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Further studies are needed to elaborate and confirm the causative relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and the reported extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32434826, "title": "Response to: 'Hydroxychloroquine shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic' by Mendel et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["McInnes, Iain"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434826", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371561, "title": "Pulmonary function testing precautions in a time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Ramos, Jose Angel"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371561", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, Cleveland Clinic has put in place several pulmonary function testing precautions to reduce the risk of infection. Precautions include efforts to perform only essential testing, wear personal protective equipment, reduce exposure to aerosolized particles, manage virtually by phone conference, conserve scare medications, clean equipment as recommended, consolidate testing, and defer testing."}, {"pmid": 31991541, "pmcid": "PMC7077245", "title": "Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Gralinski, Lisa E", "Menachery, Vineet D"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31991541", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has awakened the echoes of SARS-CoV from nearly two decades ago. Yet, with technological advances and important lessons gained from previous outbreaks, perhaps the world is better equipped to deal with the most recent emergent group 2B coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32293940, "pmcid": "PMC7193776", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on a Pan-Asian Academic Oncology Clinical Trial.", "journal": "JCO Glob Oncol", "authors": ["Segelov, Eva", "Prenen, Hans", "Day, Daphne", "Macintyre, C Raina", "Foo, Estelle Mei Jye", "Ali, Raghib", "Wang, Quanyi", "Wei, Xiaoting", "Lopes, Gilberto de Lima Jr", "Ding, Kefeng", "Chen, Gong", "Chia, John Whay Kuang", "Toh, Han Chong"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293940", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403194, "pmcid": "PMC7273079", "title": "Safe performance of diagnostic bronchoscopy/EBUS during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["Steinfort, Daniel P", "Herth, Felix J F", "Irving, Louis B", "Nguyen, Phan T"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403194", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is unprecedented in our professional lives and much effort and resources will be devoted to care of patients (and HCW) affected by this illness. We must also continue to aim for the same standard of care for our non-COVID respiratory patients, while minimizing risks of infection transmission to our colleagues. This commentary addresses the key paired issues of minimizing performance of diagnostic/staging bronchoscopy in patients with suspected/known lung cancer while maximizing the safety of the procedure with respect to HCW transmission of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32313825, "pmcid": "PMC7167493", "title": "Coronavirus threat to Indian population: risk factors, transmission dynamics and preparedness to prevent the spread of the virus.", "journal": "Virusdisease", "authors": ["Mandal, Dibyakanti"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313825", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan City of Hubei province in China infected nearly 70,000 individuals and killed more than 1700 people within a short span of time leading to global pandemic. The disease is now spread to 26 countries in Asia, North America, Europe and Australasia. The virus is spreading rapidly to Asia-pacific and Southeast Asian countries. The disease is posing a serious threat to human population and has devastating impact on public health and economy. So far 3 Indians are infected and India is at risk of rapid spread of the disease because of its geographical location and other favorable conditions. With a poorer global health security index compared to China (India-57 and China-51), any such situation will have worse outcome. In near future there are also possibilities of similar kind of disease outbreak caused by new strains of coronaviruses due to factors like species jump of new viruses, high population density and inadequate medical facilities. In this short review we have highlighted the risk factors and transmission dynamics of coronaviruses that may pose a serious threat to India. We have also discussed about the possible preventive measure our country should take to control any such outbreak situation."}, {"pmid": 32516853, "title": "Publication of COVID-19 case reports: are we hurrying?", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Lombardo, Eduardo", "Pagnoncelli, Rogerio Miranda"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516853", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global situation that has been established is worrying due to the pandemic of COVID-19. In this context, the great majority of government entities have turned their attention even more to the importance of scientific research in solving health issues since public policies must be strongly based on science to perform their function efficiently. We are on the right track when choosing to survive. And surviving means sparing no effort to find a cure. Such a process involves investments and acceleration of steps (Van Norman, 2016). One example is the creation of the CTAP (Coronavirus Treatment Acceleration Program) by the FDA (U.S Foods And Drugs Administration) to support clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32321633, "pmcid": "PMC7167224", "title": "Implications of COVID-19 for the management of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases.", "journal": "Joint Bone Spine", "authors": ["Richez, Christophe", "Lazaro, Estibaliz", "Lemoine, Mael", "Truchetet, Marie-Elise", "Schaeverbeke, Thierry"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321633", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341519, "pmcid": "PMC7184820", "title": "Retrospective analysis of laboratory testing in 54 patients with severe- or critical-type 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Lab Invest", "authors": ["Li, Yanlei", "Hu, Yanbing", "Yu, Jinyan", "Ma, Tiangang"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341519", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Timely analysis of the laboratory characteristics associated with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) can assist with clinical diagnosis and prognosis. This study is a collection of clinical data from 54 hospitalized adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the Zhongfa Xincheng district of China at Tongji Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from January 28, 2020 to February 11, 2020. The average age of the patients was 61.8\u2009\u00b1\u200914.5 years, and the predominant age group was 50-79. The proportion of critical-type patients with comorbidities was higher than that of severe-type patients. Lymphocyte counts were significantly reduced in routine bloodwork for all patients, but significantly lower in critical-type patients than that in severe-type patients. Prolongation of prothrombin times (PT) and elevation of fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) and D-dimers (D-Ds) were detected in coagulation function tests, and more significant changes were observed in critical-type patients compared to severe-type patients. Serum ferritin levels were sensitive to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection but could not be used for disease assessment. In addition, levels of two inflammatory factors, soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly increased in all patients, but higher in critical-type patients than in severe-type patients. Moreover, kidney injury was the second-most common organ affected by COVID-19 followed by heart and liver. Kidney and heart injury were more severe in critical-type patients than in severe-type patients. All of the 31 severe-type patients recovered. Of the critical-type patients, six died and 17 recovered. The length of hospital stay for critical-type patients was significantly longer for severe-type patients. In summary, increased lymphocyte counts, prolonged PT, secondary increases in fibrinolytic activity and increases in sIL-2R and IL-6 are typical features of COVID-19 and are associated with disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32463468, "pmcid": "PMC7256666", "title": "Recurrent Positive Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction Results for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Patients Discharged From a Hospital in China.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Hu, Rujun", "Jiang, Zhixia", "Gao, Huiming", "Huang, Di", "Jiang, Deyu", "Chen, Fang", "Li, Jin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463468", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472634, "title": "Increased Flare of Acne Caused by Long-Time Mask Wearing During COVID-19 Pandemic among General Population.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Han, Changxu", "Shi, Jialiang", "Chen, Yan", "Zhang, Zhenying"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472634", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313848, "pmcid": "PMC7166005", "title": "Precision medicine in COVID-19: IL-1beta a potential target.", "journal": "JACC Basic Transl Sci", "authors": ["Parisi, Valentina", "Leosco, Dario"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313848", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217609, "pmcid": "PMC7157705", "title": "Report from the American Society for Microbiology COVID-19 International Summit, 23 March 2020: Value of Diagnostic Testing for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.", "journal": "mBio", "authors": ["Patel, Robin", "Babady, Esther", "Theel, Elitza S", "Storch, Gregory A", "Pinsky, Benjamin A", "St George, Kirsten", "Smith, Tara C", "Bertuzzi, Stefano"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217609", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515130, "title": "Viability of SARS-CoV-2 in faecal bio-aerosols.", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Patel, Jay"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515130", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "I read with interest the rapid review by Gupta and colleagues [1] concerning the incidence and timing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive faecal samples in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The authors acknowledge insufficient evidence in support of transmission via faeco-oral route and identify the need for further research regarding the viability of SARS-CoV-2 in the context of human faeces. However, it is equally pertinent to consider the viability of the virus in faecal bio-aerosols generated by toilet plumes [2]."}, {"pmid": 32271726, "pmcid": "PMC7147909", "title": "Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Among Residents and Staff Members of an Independent and Assisted Living Community for Older Adults - Seattle, Washington, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Roxby, Alison C", "Greninger, Alexander L", "Hatfield, Kelly M", "Lynch, John B", "Dellit, Timothy H", "James, Allison", "Taylor, Joanne", "Page, Libby C", "Kimball, Anne", "Arons, Melissa", "Schieve, Laura A", "Munanga, Albert", "Stone, Nimalie", "Jernigan, John A", "Reddy, Sujan C", "Lewis, James", "Cohen, Seth A", "Jerome, Keith R", "Duchin, Jeffrey S", "Neme, Santiago"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271726", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the Seattle, Washington metropolitan area, where the first case of novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) in the United States was reported (1), a community-level outbreak is ongoing with evidence of rapid spread and high morbidity and mortality among older adults in long-term care skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) (2,3). However, COVID-19 morbidity among residents of senior independent and assisted living communities, in which residents do not live as closely together as do residents in SNFs and do not require skilled nursing services, has not been described. During March 5-9, 2020, two residents of a senior independent and assisted living community in Seattle (facility 1) were hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19 infection; on March 6, social distancing and other preventive measures were implemented in the community. UW Medicine (the health system linked to the University of Washington), Public Health - Seattle & King County, and CDC conducted an investigation at the facility. On March 10, all residents and staff members at facility 1 were tested for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and asked to complete a questionnaire about their symptoms; all residents were tested again 7 days later. Among 142 residents and staff members tested during the initial phase, three of 80 residents (3.8%) and two of 62 staff members (3.2%) had positive test results. The three residents had no symptoms at the time of testing, although one reported an earlier cough that had resolved. A fourth resident, who had negative test results in the initial phase, had positive test results 7 days later. This resident was asymptomatic on both days. Possible explanations for so few cases of COVID-19 in this residential community compared with those in several Seattle SNFs with high morbidity and mortality include more social distancing among residents and less contact with health care providers. In addition, early implementation of stringent isolation and protective measures after identification of two COVID-19 cases might have been effective in minimizing spread of the virus in this type of setting. When investigating a potential outbreak of COVID-19 in senior independent and assisted living communities, symptom screening is unlikely to be sufficient to identify all persons infected with SARS-CoV-2. Adherence to CDC guidance to prevent COVID-19 transmission in senior independent and assisted living communities (4) could be instrumental in preventing a facility outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32247755, "pmcid": "PMC7130320", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic through the lens of a gastroenterology fellow: looking for the silver lining.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["Shah, Raj", "Satyavada, Sagarika", "Ismail, Mayada", "Kurin, Michael", "Smith, Zachary L", "Cooper, Gregory S", "Chak, Amitabh"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399593, "pmcid": "PMC7216129", "title": "Recommendations for medical care of oncological patients during the COVID-19 epidemic: experiences from China.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Zhao, Hong", "Du, Shunda", "Cai, Jianqiang", "Mao, Yilei"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399593", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376966, "title": "Coronavirus: share lessons on lifting lockdowns.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376966", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433119, "title": "Electroconvulsive Therapy in a Time of Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "J ECT", "authors": ["Tor, Phern Chern", "Phu, Adeline H H", "Koh, Doris S H", "Mok, Yee Ming"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433119", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377017, "pmcid": "PMC7201910", "title": "Author Correction: Management of IBD during the COVID-19 outbreak: resetting clinical priorities.", "journal": "Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Danese, Silvio", "Cecconi, Maurizio", "Spinelli, Antonino"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377017", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32319956, "pmcid": "PMC7187763", "title": "Surveillance of COVID-19 in the General Population Using an Online Questionnaire: Report From 18,161 Respondents in China.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Luo, Hongxing", "Lie, Yongchan", "Prinzen, Frits W"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319956", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become an international pandemic. So far, little is known about the role of an internet approach in COVID-19 participatory surveillance. The aim of this study is to investigate whether an online survey can provide population-level information for observing prevalence trends during the early phase of an outbreak and identifying potential risk factors of COVID-19 infection. A 10-item online questionnaire was developed according to medical guidelines and relevant publications. It was distributed between January 24 and February 17, 2020. The characteristics of respondents and temporal changes of various questionnaire-derived indicators were analyzed. A total of 18,161 questionnaires were returned, including 6.45% (n=1171) from Wuhan City. Geographical distributions of the respondents were consistent with the population per province (R2=0.61, P<.001). History of contact significantly decreased with time, both outside Wuhan City (R2=0.35, P=.002) and outside Hubei Province (R2=0.42, P<.001). The percentage of respondents reporting a fever peaked around February 8 (R2=0.57, P<.001) and increased with a history of contact in the areas outside Wuhan City (risk ratio 1.31, 95% CI 1.13-1.52, P<.001). Male sex, advanced age, and lung diseases were associated with a higher risk of fever in the general population with a history of contact. This study shows the usefulness of an online questionnaire for the surveillance of outbreaks like COVID-19 by providing information about trends of the disease and aiding the identification of potential risk factors."}, {"pmid": 32451657, "pmcid": "PMC7247966", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients suffering from musculoskeletal tumours.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Thaler, Martin", "Khosravi, Ismail", "Leithner, Andreas", "Papagelopoulos, Panayiotis J", "Ruggieri, Pietro"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451657", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on musculoskeletal tumor service by conducting an online survey of physicians. The survey was conducted among the members of the ISOLS (International Society of Limb Salvage) and the EMSOS (European Musculo-Skeletal Oncology Society). The survey consisted of 20 questions (single, multiple-response, ranked): origin and surgical experience of the participant (four questions), potential disruption of healthcare (12 questions), and influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the particular physician (four questions). A matrix with four different response options was created for the particular surgical procedures). One hundred forty-nine physicians from five continents completed the survey. Of the respondents, 20.1% and 20.7% stated that surgery for life-threatening sarcomas were stopped or delayed, respectively. Even when the malignancy was expected to involve infiltration of a neurovascular bundle or fracture of a bone, still 13.8% and 14.7% of the respondents, respectively, stated that surgery was not performed. In cases of pending fractures of bone tumors, 37.5 to 46.2% of operations were canceled. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic caused a significant reduction in healthcare (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) for malignancies of the musculoskeletal system. Delaying or stopping these treatments is life-threatening or can cause severe morbidity, pain, and loss of function. Although the coronavirus disease causes severe medical complications, serious collateral damage including death due to delayed or untreated sarcomas should be avoided."}, {"pmid": 32281538, "pmcid": "PMC7205549", "title": "Society coexisting with COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Tanabe, Kazuhiro"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32144096, "title": "Covid-19: UK records first death, as world's cases exceed 100 000.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32144096", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32293815, "title": "Department of rehabilitation medicine in Shanghai response for coronavirus disease 2019: the impact and challenges.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Zhong, Zongye", "Zhang, Jian", "Chen, Jun", "Liu, Bangzhong"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293815", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273285, "title": "Covid-19: Quarantine works when introduced early alongside other measures, finds review.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273285", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414622, "pmcid": "PMC7211702", "title": "Intravenous Thrombolysis for Stroke in a COVID-19 Positive Filipino Patient, a Case Report.", "journal": "J Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Co, Christian Oliver C", "Yu, Jeryl Ritzi T", "Laxamana, Lina C", "David-Ona, Deborah Ignacia A"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414622", "countries": ["China", "Philippines"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which was first reported in Wuhan, China last December 2019, has been declared an emergency by the World Health Organization but eventually progressed to become a Pandemic. To date, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected at least 100,000 individuals worldwide, reaching thousands of mortalities (Zhou et al., 2020; World Health Organization, 2020). In the Philippines, the number of COVID-19 confirmed positive cases is over 636 and is expected to rise (Department of Health, 2020). Respiratory infections alongside their comorbidities can induce acute myocardial infarction and acute ischemic stroke (Warren-Gash et al., 2018) [3]. These may further bring challenges in the management and administration of Intravenous (IV) Alteplase in eligible patients. Currently, there are no case reports in the administration IV Altepase in ischemic stroke patients who are COVID-19 positive. We present a case of a 62-year old female who was admitted due to cough, colds and shortness of breath of 2\u00a0weeks duration and was tested to be COVD-19 positive. She suffered from an ischemic stroke while in the Medical Intensive Care Unit and was given Intravenous thrombolysis."}, {"pmid": 32357257, "pmcid": "PMC7267233", "title": "Role of respirators in controlling the spread of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) amongst dental healthcare providers: a review.", "journal": "Int Endod J", "authors": ["Umer, F", "Haji, Z", "Zafar, K"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357257", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare professionals are at the forefront of managing the highly infectious coronavirus. As the most common route of transmission is via aerosols and droplet inhalation, it is critical for healthcare workers to have the correct personal protective equipment (PPE) including gowns, masks and goggles. Surgical masks are not effective in preventing the influenza and SARS, so they are unlikely to be able to resist contaminated aerosols from entering the respiratory system. Therefore, it is vital to use respirators which have been proven to offer better protection against droplets, aerosols and fluid penetration and which form a tight seal around the mouth and nose. Various types of respirators are used in healthcare settings, such as half-mask filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) and powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs). The most commonly used FFR is the N95 disposable respirator, which is tight fitting and has a 95% or above particle filtering efficiency for a median particle size of 0.3\u00a0\u00b5m. This review discusses respirators, their purpose, types, clinical efficiency and proper donning and doffing techniques."}, {"pmid": 32333858, "pmcid": "PMC7176383", "title": "Screening and triage at health-care facilities in Timor-Leste during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Howitt, Rosemary", "de Jesus, Gustodio Alves", "Araujo, Flavio", "Francis, Joshua", "Marr, Ian", "McVean, Melanie", "MacMorran, Eleanor", "Rollinson, Victoria", "Chung, Antonieta", "Yip, Teem Wing"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333858", "countries": ["Timor-Leste"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388137, "pmcid": "PMC7194794", "title": "Evidence that high temperatures and intermediate relative humidity might favor the spread of COVID-19 in tropical climate: A case study for the most affected Brazilian cities.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Auler, A C", "Cassaro, F A M", "da Silva, V O", "Pires, L F"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388137", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to analyze how meteorological conditions such as temperature, humidity and rainfall can affect the spread of COVID-19 in five Brazilian (S\u00e3o Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Bras\u00edlia, Manaus and Fortaleza) cities. The cities selected were those with the largest number of confirmed cases considering data of April 13. Variables such as number of cumulative cases, new daily cases and contamination rate were employed for this study. Our results showed that higher mean temperatures and average relative humidity favored the COVID-19 transmission, differently from reports from coldest countries or periods of time under cool temperatures. Thus, considering the results obtained, intersectoral policies and actions are necessary, mainly in cities where the contamination rate is increasing rapidly. Thus, prevention and protection measures should be adopted in these cities aiming to reduce transmission and the possible collapse of the health system."}, {"pmid": 32393802, "title": "COVID-19 in Padua, Italy: not just an economic and health issue.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Russo, Francesco Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393802", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349931, "pmcid": "PMC7180375", "title": "Re: Silke Gillessen Sommer, Thomas Powles. Advice for Medical Oncology Care of Urological Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Eur Urol. In press: Is It Always Correct to Continue Androgen Receptor Signaling Inhibitors in the COVID-19 Era?", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Di Lorenzo, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349931", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449262, "title": "Birth plan alterations among American women in response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Expect", "authors": ["Gildner, Theresa E", "Thayer, Zaneta M"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449262", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496207, "title": "Development of openEHR template for Coronavirus disease 2019 based on clinical guidelines.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Li, Mengyang", "Leslie, Heather", "Qi, Bin", "Nan, Shan", "Feng, HongShuo", "Cai, Hailing", "Lu, Xudong", "Duan, Huilong"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496207", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was discovered in China in December 2019. It has developed into a threatening international public health emergency. With the exception of China, the number of cases continues to increase worldwide. A number of studies about disease diagnosis and treatment have been carried out, and many clinically proven effective results have been achieved. Although information technology can improve the transferring of such knowledge to clinical practice rapidly, data interoperability is still a challenge due to the heterogeneous nature of hospital information systems. This issue becomes even more serious if the knowledge for diagnosis and treatment is updated rapidly as is the case for COVID-19. An open, semantic-sharing, and collaborative-information modeling framework is needed to rapidly develop a shared data model for exchanging data among systems. openEHR is such a framework and is supported by many open software packages that help to promote information sharing and interoperability. This study aims to develop a shared data model based on the openEHR modeling approach to improve the interoperability among systems for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. The latest Guideline of COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment in China was selected as the knowledge source for modeling. First, the guideline was analyzed and the data items used for diagnosis and treatment, and management were extracted. Second, the data items were classified and further organized into domain concepts with a mind map. Third, searching was executed in the international openEHR Clinical Knowledge Manager (CKM) to find the existing archetypes that could represent the concepts. New archetypes were developed for those concepts that could not be found. Fourth, these archetypes were further organized into a template using Ocean Template Editor. Fifth, a test case of data exchanging between the clinical data repository and clinical decision support system based on the template was conducted to verify the feasibility of the study. A total of 203 data items were extracted from the guideline in China, and 16 domain concepts (16 leaf nodes in the mind map) were organized. There were 22 archetypes used to develop the template for all data items extracted from the guideline. All of them could be found in the CKM and reused directly. The archetypes and templates were reviewed and finally released in a public project within the CKM. The test case showed that the template can facilitate the data exchange and meet the requirements of decision support. This study has developed the openEHR template for COVID-19 based on the latest guideline from China using openEHR modeling methodology. It represented the capability of the methodology for rapidly modeling and sharing knowledge through reusing the existing archetypes, which is especially useful in a new and fast-changing area such as with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32446594, "pmcid": "PMC7198168", "title": "[Health statistics and invisibility by sex and gender during the COVID-19 epidemic].", "journal": "Gac Sanit", "authors": ["Ruiz Cantero, Maria Teresa"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446594", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reports on COVID-19 from the Spanish Health Ministry are valuable, but incomplete, with the perverse effect that the susceptibility to COVID-19 by sex is unclear. Prevalence of COVID-19 by sexes differs between countries. The trend in Spain shows an unequal pattern, initially more frequent in men, but women outnumbered them from March 31, after two weeks lockdown. Infections are more frequent in women than in men in close contact with probable/confirmed COVID-19 cases. Consistent with deaths in men, they are hospitalized more frequently than women: Significant gender differences in signs/symptoms can drive this pattern, already observed in other pathologies. In late April, excess mortality is the same in women (67%) than in men (66%). But, lack of exhaustive information on deaths from COVID-19 in non-hospitalized patients may contribute to lower notification of deaths in women. Invisibility of data by sex and gender is probably affecting negatively women with COVID -19 more than men."}, {"pmid": 32428345, "title": "Vulnerability of nurse and physicians with COVID-19: Monitoring and surveillance needed.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Jackson, Debra", "Anders, Robert", "Padula, William V", "Daly, John", "Davidson, Patricia M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428345", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336150, "title": "Urologic Surgery and COVID-19: How the Pandemic Is Changing the Way We Operate.", "journal": "J Endourol", "authors": ["Steward, James E", "Kitley, Weston R", "Schmidt, C Max", "Sundaram, Chandru P"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336150", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a global impact on all aspects of health care, including surgical procedures. For urologists, it has affected and will continue to influence how we approach the care of patients preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively. A risk-benefit assessment of each patient undergoing surgery should be performed during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the urgency of the surgery and the risk of viral illness and transmission. Patients with advanced age and comorbidities have a higher incidence of mortality. Routine preoperative testing and symptom screening is recommended to identify those with COVID-19. Adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) for the surgical team is essential to protect health care workers and ensure an adequate workforce. For COVID-19 positive or suspected patients, the use of N95 respirators is recommended if available. The anesthesia method chosen should attempt to minimize aerosolization of the virus. Negative pressure rooms are strongly preferred for intubation/extubation and other aerosolizing procedures for COVID-19 positive patients or when COVID status is unknown. Although transmission has not yet been shown during laparoscopic and robotic procedures, efforts should be made to minimize the risk of aerosolization. Ultra-low particulate air filters are recommended for use during minimally invasive procedures to decrease the risk of viral transmission. Thorough cleaning and sterilization should be performed postoperatively with adequate time allowed for the operating room air to be cycled after procedures. COVID-19 patients should be separated from noninfected patients at all levels of care, including recovery, to decrease the risk of infection. Future directions will be guided by outcomes and infection rates as social distancing guidelines are relaxed and more surgical procedures are reintroduced. Recommendations should be adapted to the local environment and will continue to evolve as more data become available, the shortage of testing and PPE is resolved, and a vaccine and therapeutics for COVID-19 are developed."}, {"pmid": 32497867, "pmcid": "PMC7263272", "title": "COVID-19: Are Spanish medicine and nursing students prepared?", "journal": "Nurse Educ Today", "authors": ["Cervera-Gasch, Agueda", "Gonzalez-Chorda, Victor M", "Mena-Tudela, Desiree"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497867", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32109013, "pmcid": "PMC7092819", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Guan, Wei-Jie", "Ni, Zheng-Yi", "Hu, Yu", "Liang, Wen-Hua", "Ou, Chun-Quan", "He, Jian-Xing", "Liu, Lei", "Shan, Hong", "Lei, Chun-Liang", "Hui, David S C", "Du, Bin", "Li, Lan-Juan", "Zeng, Guang", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung", "Chen, Ru-Chong", "Tang, Chun-Li", "Wang, Tao", "Chen, Ping-Yan", "Xiang, Jie", "Li, Shi-Yue", "Wang, Jin-Lin", "Liang, Zi-Jing", "Peng, Yi-Xiang", "Wei, Li", "Liu, Yong", "Hu, Ya-Hua", "Peng, Peng", "Wang, Jian-Ming", "Liu, Ji-Yang", "Chen, Zhong", "Li, Gang", "Zheng, Zhi-Jian", "Qiu, Shao-Qin", "Luo, Jie", "Ye, Chang-Jiang", "Zhu, Shao-Yong", "Zhong, Nan-Shan"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32109013", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, when coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China, data have been needed on the clinical characteristics of the affected patients. We extracted data regarding 1099 patients with laboratory-confirmed Covid-19 from 552 hospitals in 30 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in mainland China through January 29, 2020. The primary composite end point was admission to an intensive care unit (ICU), the use of mechanical ventilation, or death. The median age of the patients was 47 years; 41.9% of the patients were female. The primary composite end point occurred in 67 patients (6.1%), including 5.0% who were admitted to the ICU, 2.3% who underwent invasive mechanical ventilation, and 1.4% who died. Only 1.9% of the patients had a history of direct contact with wildlife. Among nonresidents of Wuhan, 72.3% had contact with residents of Wuhan, including 31.3% who had visited the city. The most common symptoms were fever (43.8% on admission and 88.7% during hospitalization) and cough (67.8%). Diarrhea was uncommon (3.8%). The median incubation period was 4 days (interquartile range, 2 to 7). On admission, ground-glass opacity was the most common radiologic finding on chest computed tomography (CT) (56.4%). No radiographic or CT abnormality was found in 157 of 877 patients (17.9%) with nonsevere disease and in 5 of 173 patients (2.9%) with severe disease. Lymphocytopenia was present in 83.2% of the patients on admission. During the first 2 months of the current outbreak, Covid-19 spread rapidly throughout China and caused varying degrees of illness. Patients often presented without fever, and many did not have abnormal radiologic findings. (Funded by the National Health Commission of China and others.)."}, {"pmid": 32358880, "pmcid": "PMC7267631", "title": "Head and neck survivorship care in the times of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Huang, Victoria W", "Imam, Sarah A", "Nguyen, Shaun A"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358880", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the arrival of the coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) in the United\u2009States, care practice paradigms have drastically changed. Data from China suggest that the new virus poses additional risks as case fatality of patients with cancer was higher at 5.6% compared to 2.3% of the general population. There are three proposed major strategies to address care for patients with cancer in this SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with postponing treatment for those with stable cancer, increasing personal protection provisions for patients with cancer, and increasing monitoring if a patient becomes infected with SARS-CoV-2. In this present commentary, we discuss the unique mental health challenges and burdens of patients with head and neck cancer in the times of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and approaches to mitigate these stressors through telemedicine to reduce future burdens to the patient and the health care system."}, {"pmid": 32366162, "title": "Access to Telemedicine-Are We Doing All That We Can during the COVID-19 Pandemic?", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Rajasekaran, Karthik"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366162", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in physicians having to switch from in office visits to telemedicine. Unfortunately, physicians and patients did not have adequate time to anticipate barriers to its implementation. Over the last month, one of the major problems has been patient access to telemedicine. Many patients do not own a smartphone or have broadband access. This \"digital divide\" is not fair to our patients in need-especially those with a cancer diagnosis. Patients deserve access to care. We need to implore insurance companies to provide tablets with wireless capabilities to patients in need."}, {"pmid": 32343813, "pmcid": "PMC7197532", "title": "Impact of the digital divide in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Ramsetty, Anita", "Adams, Cristin"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343813", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529289, "pmcid": "PMC7289478", "title": "COVID-19; beyond the obvious: how do we move forward?", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Nasoodi, Afshin", "Johnston, Ciaran", "Fraioli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529289", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426073, "pmcid": "PMC7233214", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Is COVID-19 the Cause of Delayed Surgical Treatment of Spine Trauma in Latin America?", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Cabrera, Juan P", "Yurac, Ratko", "Guiroy, Alfredo", "Carazzo, Charles A", "Joaquim, Andrei F", "Zamorano, Juan J", "Valacco, Marcelo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426073", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321722, "title": "To consider or not antimalarials as a prophylactic intervention in the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Parperis, Konstantinos"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321722", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393985, "title": "Therapeutic targets and signaling mechanisms of vitamin C activity against sepsis: a bioinformatics study.", "journal": "Brief Bioinform", "authors": ["Li, Rong", "Guo, Chao", "Li, Yu", "Qin, Zuqian", "Huang, Wenjun"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393985", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sepsis is a life-threatening complication of pneumonia, including coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)-induced pneumonia. Evidence of the benefits of vitamin C (VC) for the treatment of sepsis is accumulating. However, data revealing the targets and molecular mechanisms of VC action against sepsis are limited. In this report, a bioinformatics analysis of network pharmacology was conducted to demonstrate screening targets, biological functions, and the signaling pathways of VC action against sepsis. As shown in network assays, 63 primary causal targets for the VC action against sepsis were identified from the data, and four optimal core targets for the VC action against sepsis were identified. These core targets were epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), mitogen-activated protein kinase-1 (MAPK1), proto-oncogene c (JUN), and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3). In addition, all biological processes (including a top 20) and signaling pathways (including a top 20) potentially involved in the VC action against sepsis were identified. The hub genes potentially involved in the VC action against sepsis and interlaced networks from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Mapper assays were highlighted. Considering all the bioinformatic findings, we conclude that VC antisepsis effects are mechanistically and pharmacologically implicated with suppression of immune dysfunction-related and inflammation-associated functional processes and other signaling pathways. These primary predictive biotargets may potentially be used to treat sepsis in future clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32500328, "pmcid": "PMC7272138", "title": "Inpatient Management of COVID-19 Pneumonia: a Practical Approach from the Hospitalist Perspective.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Cutler, Todd S", "Eisenberg, Nell", "Evans, Arthur T"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500328", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377559, "pmcid": "PMC7199242", "title": "COVID-19: Review of Epidemiology and Potential Treatments Against 2019 Novel Coronavirus.", "journal": "Discoveries (Craiova)", "authors": ["Jan, Hasnain", "Faisal, Shah", "Khan, Ayyaz", "Khan, Shahzar", "Usman, Hazrat", "Liaqat, Rabia", "Shah, Sajjad Ali"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377559", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An epidemic of extreme respiratory deterrence, pneumonia and shortness of breath, the SARS-CoV-2 viral infection began in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China in December 2019, and rapidly spread across China and beyond, with human to human transmission. On February 12, 2020, World Health Organization officially named the new coronavirus disease as coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Most COVID-19 patients were diagnosed with pneumonia and many were treated using Chinese medicines and other secondary therapies. As of April 22, 2020, the total figure of infected patients has crossed 2.6 million people worldwide with over 180,000 deaths and 700,000 patients that have recovered. Preliminary reports suggest that certain drugs, such as chloroquine and antiviral nucleotide analogues such as remdesivir, which inhibit viral replication, can target the new coronavirus, although their usefulness in the clinic is still under debate. An expert US committee developed the US NIH guidelines for COVID-19 treatment, which was just released and will be regularly updated. This manuscript reviews the epidemiology, etiology, mortality, COVID-19 clinical symptoms, and potential therapeutic drugs, while highlighting the seriousness and damage-induced by SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32474557, "title": "An overview of mobile applications (apps) to support the coronavirus disease-2019 response in India.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Bassi, Abhinav", "Arfin, Sumaiya", "John, Oommen", "Jha, Vivekanand"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474557", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The potential benefits of mobile health (mHealth) initiatives to manage the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic have been explored. The Government of India, State governments, and healthcare organizations have developed various mobile apps for the containment of COVID-19. This study was aimed to systematically review COVID-19 related mobile apps and highlight gaps to inform the development of future mHealth initiatives. Google Play and the Apple app stores were searched using the terms 'COVID-19', 'coronavirus', 'pandemic', and 'epidemic' in the first week of April 2020. A list of COVID-19-specific functions was compiled based on the review of the selected apps, the literature on epidemic surveillance, and national and international media reports. The World Health Organization guideline on Digital Health Interventions was used to classify the app functions under the categories of the general public, health workers, health system managers, and data services. The search yielded 346 potential COVID-19 apps, of which 50 met the inclusion criteria. Dissemination of untargeted COVID-19-related information on preventative strategies and monitoring the movements of quarantined individuals was the function of 27 (54%) and 19 (32%) apps, respectively. Eight (16%) apps had a contact tracing and hotspot identification function. Our study highlights the current emphasis on the development of self-testing, quarantine monitoring, and contact tracing apps. India's response to COVID-19 can be strengthened by developing comprehensive mHealth solutions for frontline healthcare workers, rapid response teams and public health authorities. Among this unprecedented global health emergency, the Governments must ensure the necessary but least intrusive measures for disease surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32446696, "pmcid": "PMC7241401", "title": "Initial Gastrointestinal Manifestations in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 in 112 patients from Veracruz (Southeastern Mexico).", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Remes-Troche, Jose Maria", "Ramos-de-la-Medina, Antonio", "Manriquez-Reyes, Marisol", "Martinez-Perez-Maldonado, Laura", "Lara, Elizabeth Lagunes", "Solis-Gonzalez, Maria Antonieta"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446696", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437912, "pmcid": "PMC7179500", "title": "Novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Practice recommendations for obstetric anaesthesia: what we have learned thus far.", "journal": "Int J Obstet Anesth", "authors": ["Bampoe, S", "Odor, P M", "Lucas, D N"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437912", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus causing a global pandemic of a severe respiratory illness known as COVID-19. To date, globally, over 30,000 people have died from this emerging disease. As clinicians and healthcare systems around the world are rapidly adapting to manage patients with COVID-19, limited data are emerging from different patient populations to support best-practice and improve outcomes. In this review, we present a summary of emerging data in the obstetric population and offer obstetric and anaesthetic clinicians around the world a set of evidence-driven, practice-based recommendations for the anaesthetic management of pregnant women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32507660, "title": "Acute Stroke Management During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: From Trough of Disillusionment to Slope of Enlightenment.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Al Kasab, Sami", "Almallouhi, Eyad", "Spiotta, Alejandro M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507660", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32299010, "pmcid": "PMC7141641", "title": "Neurotropism of SARS-CoV 2: Mechanisms and manifestations.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Conde Cardona, Giancarlos", "Quintana Pajaro, Loraine D", "Quintero Marzola, Ivan D", "Ramos Villegas, Yancarlos", "Moscote Salazar, Luis R"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299010", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320687, "pmcid": "PMC7166309", "title": "Phylogenetic Analysis and Structural Modeling of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Reveals an Evolutionary Distinct and Proteolytically Sensitive Activation Loop.", "journal": "J Mol Biol", "authors": ["Jaimes, Javier A", "Andre, Nicole M", "Chappie, Joshua S", "Millet, Jean K", "Whittaker, Gary R"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320687", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2) originally arose as part of a major outbreak of respiratory disease centered on Hubei province, China. It is now a global pandemic and is a major public health concern. Taxonomically, SARS-CoV-2 was shown to be a Betacoronavirus (lineage B) closely related to SARS-CoV and SARS-related bat coronaviruses, and it has been reported to share a common receptor with SARS-CoV (ACE-2). Subsequently, betacoronaviruses from pangolins were identified as close relatives to SARS-CoV-2. Here, we perform structural modeling of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Our data provide support for the similar receptor utilization between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, despite a relatively low amino acid similarity in the receptor binding module. Compared to SARS-CoV and all other coronaviruses in Betacoronavirus lineage B, we identify an extended structural loop containing basic amino acids at the interface of the receptor binding (S1) and fusion (S2) domains. We suggest this loop confers fusion activation and entry properties more in line with betacoronaviruses in lineages A and C, and be a key component in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 with this structural loop affecting virus stability and transmission."}, {"pmid": 32376546, "pmcid": "PMC7086127", "title": "[Laboratory testing techniques for SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Qiu, Feng", "Wang, Huijun", "Zhang, Zikang", "Cao, Longbin", "Wang, Chenlong", "Wu, Jingbiao", "Du, Qingfeng"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376546", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing epidemic of caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 starting in December 2019 poses a serious public health threat globally. The virus is highly infectious and transmitted mainly through droplets and contacts, and is associated with a high risk of pneumonia. A small number of patients may present with acute respiratory distress syndrome with severe respiratory complications, which can lead even to death. The selection of appropriate detection techniques and methods for accurate and rapid identification of pathogens therefore plays a key role in improving the diagnosis and treatment of the patients and containing the outbreak. In this review, the authors gives an overview of the virus laboratory detection technology, including virus isolation and culture, real-time fluorescent PCR, gene sequencing, serological antibody detection, and the gene editing technology based on CRISPR/Cas13 system. These techniques are expected to provide valuable assistance in controlling the epidemic and new ideas for future researches."}, {"pmid": 32279023, "pmcid": "PMC7194518", "title": "Epidemic psychiatry: The opportunities and challenges of COVID-19.", "journal": "Gen Hosp Psychiatry", "authors": ["Shalev, Daniel", "Shapiro, Peter A"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279023", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362587, "title": "Temporal changes in computed tomography of COVID-19 pneumonia with perilobular fibrosis.", "journal": "Hong Kong Med J", "authors": ["Ng, F H", "Li, S K", "Lee, Y C", "Ma, J K F"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362587", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302069, "pmcid": "PMC7235504", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Seroconversion in Humans: A Detailed Protocol for a Serological Assay, Antigen Production, and Test Setup.", "journal": "Curr Protoc Microbiol", "authors": ["Stadlbauer, Daniel", "Amanat, Fatima", "Chromikova, Veronika", "Jiang, Kaijun", "Strohmeier, Shirin", "Arunkumar, Guha Asthagiri", "Tan, Jessica", "Bhavsar, Disha", "Capuano, Christina", "Kirkpatrick, Ericka", "Meade, Philip", "Brito, Ruhi Nichalle", "Teo, Catherine", "McMahon, Meagan", "Simon, Viviana", "Krammer, Florian"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302069", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late 2019, cases of atypical pneumonia were detected in China. The etiological agent was quickly identified as a betacoronavirus (named SARS-CoV-2), which has since caused a pandemic. Several methods allowing for the specific detection of viral nucleic acids have been established, but these only allow detection of the virus during a short period of time, generally during acute infection. Serological assays are urgently needed to conduct serosurveys, to understand the antibody responses mounted in response to the virus, and to identify individuals who are potentially immune to re-infection. Here we describe a detailed protocol for expression of antigens derived from the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 that can serve as a substrate for immunological assays, as well as a two-stage serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These assays can be used for research studies and for testing in clinical laboratories. \u00a9 2020 The Authors. Basic Protocol 1: Mammalian cell transfection and protein purification Basic Protocol 2: A two-stage ELISA for high-throughput screening of human serum samples for antibodies binding to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32335408, "pmcid": "PMC7194675", "title": "Environmental perspective of COVID-19.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Saadat, Saeida", "Rawtani, Deepak", "Hussain, Chaudhery Mustansar"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335408", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused concerns globally. On 30 January WHO has declared it as a global health emergency. The easy spread of this virus made people to wear a mask as precautionary route, use gloves and hand sanitizer on a daily basis that resulted in generation of a massive amount of medical wastes in the environment. Millions of people have been put on lockdown in order to reduce the transmission of the virus. This epidemic has also changed the people's life style; caused extensive job losses and threatened the sustenance of millions of people, as businesses have shut down to control the spread of virus. All over the world, flights have been canceled and transport systems have been closed. Overall, the economic activities have been stopped and stock markets dropped along with the falling carbon emission. However, the lock down of the COVID-19 pandemic caused the air quality in many cities across the globe to improve and drop in water pollutions in some parts of the world."}, {"pmid": 32406420, "pmcid": "PMC7217764", "title": "High-resolution CT features of the COVID-19 infection in Nanchong City: Initial and follow-up changes among different clinical types.", "journal": "Radiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jiang, Yuting", "Guo, Dandan", "Li, Chunping", "Chen, Tianwu", "Li, Rui"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406420", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To discuss the high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients among different clinical types on initial and follow-up CT. Seven COVID-19 patients admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical Collage were enrolled. All patients underwent initial and follow-up chest HRCT. The main CT features and semi-quantitative score which represent disease severity among different clinical types were evaluated. On initial CT, the main abnormalities observed in common and severe cases respectively were pure ground glass opacities (GGOs) and patchy consolidation surrounded by GGOs. Critical cases had multiple consolidation surrounded by wide range of GGOs distributed in the whole lung fields. The scope and density score in common (4.5 and 5), severe (9.5 and 9.5) and critical (19 and 12) cases were increased by gradient. On follow-up CT, common and severe types manifested as decreasing density of lesion, absorbed consolidation and GGOs. Critical cases showed progression of the disease. The extent and progression scores in common and severe patients were significantly decreased, while the range score of patients with critical disease reached the highest points, accompanied with an increase in the density score. CT scanning can accurately assess the severity of COVID-19, and help to monitor disease transformation during follow-up among different clinical conditions."}, {"pmid": 32444382, "pmcid": "PMC7244896", "title": "Antiviral Efficacies of FDA-Approved Drugs against SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Ferrets.", "journal": "mBio", "authors": ["Park, Su-Jin", "Yu, Kwang-Min", "Kim, Young-Il", "Kim, Se-Mi", "Kim, Eun-Ha", "Kim, Seong-Gyu", "Kim, Eun Ji", "Casel, Mark Anthony B", "Rollon, Rare", "Jang, Seung-Gyu", "Lee, Min-Hyeok", "Chang, Jae-Hyung", "Song, Min-Suk", "Jeong, Hye Won", "Choi, Younho", "Chen, Weiqiang", "Shin, Woo-Jin", "Jung, Jae U", "Choi, Young Ki"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444382", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the urgent need of a therapeutic treatment for coronavirus (CoV) disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, a number of FDA-approved/repurposed drugs have been suggested as antiviral candidates at clinics, without sufficient information. Furthermore, there have been extensive debates over antiviral candidates for their effectiveness and safety against severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2), suggesting that rapid preclinical animal studies are required to identify potential antiviral candidates for human trials. To this end, the antiviral efficacies of lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and emtricitabine-tenofovir for SARS-CoV-2 infection were assessed in the ferret infection model. While the lopinavir-ritonavir-, hydroxychloroquine sulfate-, or emtricitabine-tenofovir-treated group exhibited lower overall clinical scores than the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-treated control group, the virus titers in nasal washes, stool specimens, and respiratory tissues were similar between all three antiviral-candidate-treated groups and the PBS-treated control group. Only the emtricitabine-tenofovir-treated group showed lower virus titers in nasal washes at 8\u2009days postinfection (dpi) than the PBS-treated control group. To further explore the effect of immune suppression on viral infection and clinical outcome, ferrets were treated with azathioprine, an immunosuppressive drug. Compared to the PBS-treated control group, azathioprine-immunosuppressed ferrets exhibited a longer period of clinical illness, higher virus titers in nasal turbinate, delayed virus clearance, and significantly lower serum neutralization (SN) antibody titers. Taken together, all antiviral drugs tested marginally reduced the overall clinical scores of infected ferrets but did not significantly affect in vivo virus titers. Despite the potential discrepancy of drug efficacies between animals and humans, these preclinical ferret data should be highly informative to future therapeutic treatment of COVID-19 patients.IMPORTANCE The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic continues to spread worldwide, with rapidly increasing numbers of mortalities, placing increasing strain on health care systems. Despite serious public health concerns, no effective vaccines or therapeutics have been approved by regulatory agencies. In this study, we tested the FDA-approved drugs lopinavir-ritonavir, hydroxychloroquine sulfate, and emtricitabine-tenofovir against SARS-CoV-2 infection in a highly susceptible ferret infection model. While most of the drug treatments marginally reduced clinical symptoms, they did not reduce virus titers, with the exception of emtricitabine-tenofovir treatment, which led to diminished virus titers in nasal washes at 8\u2009dpi. Further, the azathioprine-treated immunosuppressed ferrets showed delayed virus clearance and low SN titers, resulting in a prolonged infection. As several FDA-approved or repurposed drugs are being tested as antiviral candidates at clinics without sufficient information, rapid preclinical animal studies should proceed to identify therapeutic drug candidates with strong antiviral potential and high safety prior to a human efficacy trial."}, {"pmid": 32426557, "pmcid": "PMC7233204", "title": "The Florida Radiation Oncology Resident Experience during Coronavirus-19: Perspectives and Recommendations.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Mohammadi, Homan", "De Leo, Alexandra N", "Asher, David", "Malouff, Timothy D", "Waddle, Mark R", "Figura, Nicholas B", "Patel, Nirav V", "Bates, James E", "Parekh, Akash D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426557", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247029, "pmcid": "PMC7194858", "title": "The global impact of COVID-19 on vascular surgical services.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Ng, Jun Jie", "Ho, Pei", "Dharmaraj, Rajesh Babu", "Wong, Julian C L", "Choong, Andrew M T L"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247029", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439732, "title": "Are stethoscopes risky in COVID-19?", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Lau, Yuk-Fai", "Wei, William", "Lau, Chu-Pak"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439732", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428031, "pmcid": "PMC7237000", "title": "Work-related COVID-19 transmission in six Asian countries/areas: A follow-up study.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Lan, Fan-Yun", "Wei, Chih-Fu", "Hsu, Yu-Tien", "Christiani, David C", "Kales, Stefanos N"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428031", "countries": ["Thailand", "Singapore", "China", "Viet Nam", "Japan"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is limited evidence of work-related transmission in the emerging coronaviral pandemic. We aimed to identify high-risk occupations for early coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) local transmission. In this observational study, we extracted confirmed COVID-19 cases from governmental investigation reports in Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. We followed each country/area for 40 days after its first locally transmitted case, and excluded all imported cases. We defined a possible work-related case as a worker with evidence of close contact with another confirmed case due to work, or an unknown contact history but likely to be infected in the working environment (e.g. an airport taxi driver). We calculated the case number for each occupation, and illustrated the temporal distribution of all possible work-related cases and healthcare worker (HCW) cases. The temporal distribution was further defined as early outbreak (the earliest 10 days of the following period) and late outbreak (11th to 40th days of the following period). We identified 103 possible work-related cases (14.9%) among a total of 690 local transmissions. The five occupation groups with the most cases were healthcare workers (HCWs) (22%), drivers and transport workers (18%), services and sales workers (18%), cleaning and domestic workers (9%) and public safety workers (7%). Possible work-related transmission played a substantial role in early outbreak (47.7% of early cases). Occupations at risk varied from early outbreak (predominantly services and sales workers, drivers, construction laborers, and religious professionals) to late outbreak (predominantly HCWs, drivers, cleaning and domestic workers, police officers, and religious professionals). Work-related transmission is considerable in early COVID-19 outbreaks, and the elevated risk of infection was not limited to HCW. Implementing preventive/surveillance strategies for high-risk working populations is warranted."}, {"pmid": 32340998, "title": "Covid-19: What do we know so far about a vaccine?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340998", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486140, "title": "Weakly Labeled Data Augmentation for Deep Learning: A Study on COVID-19 Detection in Chest X-Rays.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Rajaraman, Sivaramakrishnan", "Antani, Sameer"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486140", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic resulting in over 2.7 million infected individuals and over 190,000 deaths and growing. Assertions in the literature suggest that respiratory disorders due to COVID-19 commonly present with pneumonia-like symptoms which are radiologically confirmed as opacities. Radiology serves as an adjunct to the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction test for confirmation and evaluating disease progression. While computed tomography (CT) imaging is more specific than chest X-rays (CXR), its use is limited due to cross-contamination concerns. CXR imaging is commonly used in high-demand situations, placing a significant burden on radiology services. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) has been suggested to alleviate this burden. However, there is a dearth of sufficient training data for developing image-based AI tools. We propose increasing training data for recognizing COVID-19 pneumonia opacities using weakly labeled data augmentation. This follows from a hypothesis that the COVID-19 manifestation would be similar to that caused by other viral pathogens affecting the lungs. We expand the training data distribution for supervised learning through the use of weakly labeled CXR images, automatically pooled from publicly available pneumonia datasets, to classify them into those with bacterial or viral pneumonia opacities. Next, we use these selected images in a stage-wise, strategic approach to train convolutional neural network-based algorithms and compare against those trained with non-augmented data. Weakly labeled data augmentation expands the learned feature space in an attempt to encompass variability in unseen test distributions, enhance inter-class discrimination, and reduce the generalization error. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that simple weakly labeled data augmentation (Acc: 0.5555 and Acc: 0.6536) is better than baseline non-augmented training (Acc: 0.2885 and Acc: 0.5028) in identifying COVID-19 manifestations as viral pneumonia. Interestingly, adding COVID-19 CXRs to simple weakly labeled augmented training data significantly improves the performance (Acc: 0.7095 and Acc: 0.8889), suggesting that COVID-19, though viral in origin, creates a uniquely different presentation in CXRs compared with other viral pneumonia manifestations."}, {"pmid": 32277754, "pmcid": "PMC7184381", "title": "Letter: Academic Neurosurgery Department Response to COVID-19 Pandemic: The University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital Model.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Eichberg, Daniel G", "Shah, Ashish H", "Luther, Evan M", "Menendez, Ingrid", "Jimenez, Andrea", "Perez-Dickens, Maggy", "O'Phelan, Kristine H", "Ivan, Michael E", "Komotar, Ricardo J", "Levi, Allan D"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277754", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407136, "title": "COVID-19, HIV, and Migrant Workers: The Double Burden of the Two Viruses.", "journal": "AIDS Patient Care STDS", "authors": ["Lodge, William 2nd", "Kuchukhidze, Salome"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407136", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355116, "pmcid": "PMC7224614", "title": "Unknown Unknowns: Surgical Consent during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Bryan, Ava Ferguson", "Milner, Ross", "Roggin, Kevin K", "Angelos, Peter", "Matthews, Jeffrey B"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355116", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506111, "title": "National Clinical Guidance for the Management of Cardiovascular Intervention in the COVID-19 Pandemic: From Bangladesh Society of Cardiovascular Interventions (BSCI).", "journal": "Mymensingh Med J", "authors": ["Uddin, M J", "Rahman, A F", "Rahman, S", "Momenuzzaman, N M", "Rahman, A", "Majumder, A S", "Mohibullah, A M", "Chowdhury, A H", "Malik, F N", "Ahsan, S A", "Mohsin, K", "Haq, M M", "Chowdhury, A W", "Sohrabuzzaman, A M", "Rahman, M", "Chakraborty, B", "Rahman, R", "Khan, S R", "Khan, K N", "Reza, A M", "Hussain, K S", "Rashid, M", "Choudhury, A K", "Karmakar, K K", "Ali, Z", "Alam, N", "Rahman, Z", "Kabir, C S", "Banik, D", "Dutta, A", "Badiuzzaman, M", "Islam, A W", "Sium, A H", "Hossain, M D", "Ahmed, N", "Jahan, J", "Islam, M S", "Arefin, M M", "Cader, F A", "Banerjee, S K", "Hoque, H", "Shofiuddin, M", "Selim, A", "Das, P K", "Ahmed, M", "Dutto, B", "Alam, S", "Paul, G K", "Paul, S K", "Azam, M G"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506111", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first recorded case of SARS-CoV-2 in Bangladesh on 8th March 2020, COVID-19 has spread widely through different regions of the country, resulting in a necessity to re-evaluate the delivery of cardiovascular services, particularly procedures pertaining to interventional cardiology in resource-limited settings. Given its robust capacity for human-to-human transmission and potential of being a nosocomial source of infection, the disease has specific implications on healthcare systems and health care professionals faced with performing essential cardiac procedures in patients with a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. The limited resources in terms of cardiac catheterization laboratories that can be designated to treat only COVID positive patients are further compounded by the additional challenges of unavailability of widespread rapid testing on-site at tertiary cardiac hospitals in Bangladesh. This document prepared for our nation by the Bangladesh Society of Cardiovascular Interventions (BSCI) is intended to serve as a clinical practice guideline for cardiovascular health care professionals, with a focus on modifying standard practice of care during the COVID-19 pandemic, in order to ensure continuation of adequate and timely treatment of cardiovascular emergencies avoiding hospital-based transmission of SARS-COV-2 among healthcare professionals and the patients. This is an evolving document based on currently available global data and is tailored to healthcare systems in Bangladesh with particular focus on, but not limited to, invasive cardiology facilities (cardiac catheterization, electrophysiology & pacing labs). This guideline is limited to the provision of cardiovascular care, and it is expected that specific targeted pharmaco-therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 be prescribed as stipulated by the National Guidelines on Clinical Management of Corona virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) published by the Director General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of Bangladesh."}, {"pmid": 32179140, "pmcid": "PMC7270709", "title": "Clinical features and dynamics of viral load in imported and non-imported patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xu, Tianmin", "Chen, Cong", "Zhu, Zhen", "Cui, Manman", "Chen, Chunhua", "Dai, Hong", "Xue, Yuan"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179140", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compare the clinical characteristics and the dynamics of viral load between imported and non-imported patients with COVID-19. Data from 51 laboratory-confirmed patients were retrospectively analyzed. The incubation period in the tertiary group was longer than that in the imported and secondary groups (both p < 0.05). Fever was the most common symptom at the onset of illness (73.33%, 58.82%, and 68.42%, respectively), and half of the patients had a low-grade temperature (<38.0 \u00b0C) with a short duration of fever (<7 days). CT scans showed that most patients in the three groups had bilateral pneumonia (80.00%, 76.47%, and 73.68%, respectively). Ct values detected in the tertiary patients were similar to those for the imported and secondary groups at the time of admission (both p > 0.05). For the tertiary group, the viral load was undetectable in half of the patients (52.63%) on day 7, and in all patients on day 14. For one third of the patients in the imported and secondary groups, the viral load remained positive on day 14 after the admission. COVID-19 can present as pneumonia with a low onset of symptoms, and the infectivity of SARS-CoV2 may gradually decrease in tertiary patients."}, {"pmid": 32363248, "pmcid": "PMC7195375", "title": "Experience of a Radiation Oncology Center Operating During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Lu, Jiade J"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363248", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444354, "title": "Test Agreement Between Roche Cobas 6800 and Cepheid GeneXpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 Assays at High Cycle Threshold Ranges.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Broder, Kari", "Babiker, Ahmed", "Myers, Charles", "White, Terri", "Jones, Heather", "Cardella, John", "Burd, Eileen M", "Hill, Charles E", "Kraft, Colleen S"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444354", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has changed the face of the globe and upended the daily lives of billions.\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32383254, "pmcid": "PMC7267461", "title": "Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies using a CPE-based colorimetric live virus micro-neutralization assay in human serum samples.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Manenti, Alessandro", "Maggetti, Marta", "Casa, Elisa", "Martinuzzi, Donata", "Torelli, Alessandro", "Trombetta, Claudia M", "Marchi, Serena", "Montomoli, Emanuele"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383254", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The micro-neutralization assay is a fundamental test in virology, immunology, vaccine assessment, and epidemiology studies. Since the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak at the end of December 2019 in China, it has become extremely important to have well-established and validated diagnostic and serological assays for this new emerging virus. Here, we present a micro-neutralization assay with the use of SARS-CoV-2 wild type virus with two different methods of read-out. We evaluated the performance of this assay using human serum samples taken from an Italian seroepidemiological study being performed at the University of Siena, along with the human monoclonal antibody CR3022 and some iper-immune animal serum samples against Influenza and Adenovirus strains. The same panel of human samples have been previously tested in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a pre-screening. Positive, borderline, and negative ELISA samples were evaluated in neutralization assay using two different methods of read-out: subjective (by means of an inverted optical microscope) and objective (by means of a spectrophotometer). Our findings suggest that at least 50% of positive ELISA samples are positive in neutralization as well, and that method is able to quantify different antibody concentrations in a specific manner. Taken together, our results confirm that the colorimetric cytopathic effect-based microneutralization assay could be used as a valid clinical test method for epidemiological and vaccine studies."}, {"pmid": 32236913, "title": "[Legal Issues of Resource Allocation in the COVID-19 Pandemic - Between Utilitarianism and Life Value Indifference].", "journal": "Dtsch Med Wochenschr", "authors": ["Hubner, Joachim", "Schewe, Denis M", "Katalinic, Alexander", "Frielitz, Fabian-S"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236913", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic poses unprecedented challenges for the German health care system. What is already the case in some other countries, may occur in Germany in the near future also: Faced with limited ICU resources, doctors will be forced to decide which patients to treat and which to let die. This paper examines the legal implications of such decisions. It takes up arguments from the general discussion on prioritization in medicine. A constitutional hurdle for the application of utilitarian criteria (in particular patients' age or social role) comes from the principle that every human life is of equal value and must not be traded off against others (\"life value indifference\"). However, the limits that the Grundgesetz (German Basic Law) sets for state actions do not apply directly to doctors. According to the Musterberufsordnung (professional code of conduct), doctors act based on their conscience and the requirements of medical ethics and humanity. The implications of this normative standard for the prioritizing in an exceptional situation as the COVID 19 pandemic have not been sufficiently clarified. This uncertainty leads to emotional and moral burdens for doctors. The authors conclude that the German law grants a limited freedom of choice that allows physicians to apply utilitarian criteria in addition to purely medical decision algorithms."}, {"pmid": 32514104, "title": "Brain oxytocin: how puzzle stones from animal studies translate into psychiatry.", "journal": "Mol Psychiatry", "authors": ["Grinevich, Valery", "Neumann, Inga D"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514104", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The neuropeptide oxytocin has attracted great attention of the general public, basic neuroscience researchers, psychologists, and psychiatrists due to its profound pro-social, anxiolytic, and \"anti-stress\" behavioral and physiological effects, and its potential application for treatment of mental diseases associated with altered socio-emotional competence. During the last decade, substantial progress has been achieved in understanding the complex neurobiology of the oxytocin system, including oxytocinergic pathways, local release patterns, and oxytocin receptor distribution in the brain, as well as intraneuronal oxytocin receptor signaling. However, the picture of oxytocin actions remains far from being complete, and the central question remains: \"How does a single neuropeptide exert such pleotropic actions?\" Although this phenomenon, typical for many of about 100 identified neuropeptides, may emerge from the anatomical divergence of oxytocin neurons, their multiple central projections, distinct oxytocin-sensitive cell types in different brain regions, and multiple intraneuronal signaling pathways determining the specific cellular response, further basic studies are required. In conjunction, numerous reports on positive effects of intranasal application of oxytocin on human brain networks controlling socio-emotional behavior in health and disease require harmonic tandems of basic researchers and clinicians. During the COVID-19 crisis\u00a0in 2020, oxytocin research seems central as question of social isolation-induced inactivation of the oxytocin system, and buffering effects of either activation of the endogenous system or intranasal application of synthetic oxytocin need to be thoroughly investigated."}, {"pmid": 32246783, "pmcid": "PMC7228344", "title": "Response to Commentary on \"The neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 may play a role in the respiratory failure of COVID-19 patients\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Yan-Chao", "Bai, Wan-Zhu", "Hashikawa, Tsutomu"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246783", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a recent review, we have suggested a neuroinvasive potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its possible role in the causation of acute respiratory failure of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients (J Med Viol doi: 10.1002/jmv.25728), based upon the clinical and experimental data available on the past SARS-CoV-1 and the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this article, we provide new evidence\u00a0recently reported regarding the neurotropic potential of SARS-CoV-2 and respond to several comments on our previously published article. In addition, we also discuss the peculiar manifestations of respiratory failure in COVID-19 patients and the possible involvement of nervous system."}, {"pmid": 32474025, "pmcid": "PMC7255325", "title": "Bonuses and pitfalls of a paperless drive-through screening and COVID-19: A field report.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lee, Elly", "Mohd Esa, Nurul Yaqeen", "Wee, Tong Ming", "Soo, Chun Ian"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the world witnessed the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2, the World Health Organization has called for governing bodies worldwide to intensify case findings, contact tracing, monitoring, and quarantine or isolation of contacts with COVID-19. Drive-through (DT) screening is a form of case detection which has recently gain preference globally. Proper implementation of this system can help remediate the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32321732, "title": "Remdesivir in covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Ferner, Robin E", "Aronson, Jeffrey K"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321732", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321662, "pmcid": "PMC7161483", "title": "Surgical tracheostomies in Covid-19 patients: important considerations and the \"5Ts\" of safety.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Broderick, Damian", "Kyzas, Panayiotis", "Sanders, Kevin", "Sawyerr, Alistair", "Katre, Chetan", "Vassiliou, Leandros"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321662", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (covid19) pandemic (caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus) is the greatest healthcare challenge in a generation. Clinicians are modifying the way they approach day-to-day procedures. Safety and reduction of transmission risk is paramount. Surgical tracheostomies in covid19 patients are aerosol generating procedures linked with a significant risk of viral contamination. Here, we describe our local approach for these procedures, introducing the \"5Ts\" of safe tracheostomy practice: Theatre set-up, Team Briefing, Transfer of patient, Tracheostomy Procedure, Team Doffing and De-brief. We identify the critical steps of the procedure and explain how we overcome the risks associated with breaking the transfer circuit to attach the patient to the theatre ventilator. We explain our technique to reduce secretion spillage when opening the trachea. We emphasise the importance of closed tracheal suctioning and mouth suctioning prior to patient transfer. We highlight the importance of maintaining a closed circuit throughout the procedure and describe tips on how to achieve this. We summarise the steps of our protocol in an \"easy to reproduce\" way. Finally, we emphasise the importance of communication in a constantly changing environment and challenging circumstances."}, {"pmid": 32205354, "title": "Clinical trials suspended in UK to prioritise covid-19 studies and free up staff.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Thornton, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205354", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304942, "pmcid": "PMC7194892", "title": "Impact of meteorological factors on the COVID-19 transmission: A multi-city study in China.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Liu, Jiangtao", "Zhou, Ji", "Yao, Jinxi", "Zhang, Xiuxia", "Li, Lanyu", "Xu, Xiaocheng", "He, Xiaotao", "Wang, Bo", "Fu, Shihua", "Niu, Tingting", "Yan, Jun", "Shi, Yanjun", "Ren, Xiaowei", "Niu, Jingping", "Zhu, Weihao", "Li, Sheng", "Luo, Bin", "Zhang, Kai"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304942", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of the present study is to explore the associations between novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case counts and meteorological factors in 30 provincial capital cities of China. We compiled a daily dataset including confirmed case counts, ambient temperature (AT), diurnal temperature range (DTR), absolute humidity (AH) and migration scale index (MSI) for each city during the period of January 20th to March 2nd, 2020. First, we explored the associations between COVID-19 confirmed case counts, meteorological factors, and MSI using non-linear regression. Then, we conducted a two-stage analysis for 17 cities with more than 50 confirmed cases. In the first stage, generalized linear models with negative binomial distribution were fitted to estimate city-specific effects of meteorological factors on confirmed case counts. In the second stage, the meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled effects. Our results showed that among 13 cities that have less than 50 confirmed cases, 9 cities locate in the Northern China with average AT below 0\u00a0\u00b0C, 12 cities had average AH below 4\u00a0g/m3, and one city (Haikou) had the highest AH (14.05\u00a0g/m3). Those 17 cities with 50 and more cases accounted for 90.6% of all cases in our study. Each 1\u00a0\u00b0C increase in AT and DTR was related to the decline of daily confirmed case counts, and the corresponding pooled RRs were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.85) and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.86, 0.95), respectively. For AH, the association with COVID-19 case counts were statistically significant in lag 07 and lag 014. In addition, we found the all these associations increased with accumulated time duration up to 14\u00a0days. In conclusions, meteorological factors play an independent role in the COVID-19 transmission after controlling population migration. Local weather condition with low temperature, mild diurnal temperature range and low humidity likely favor the transmission."}, {"pmid": 32515400, "title": "The invisible victims - Impact of the pandemic on patients without COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Rehman Khalid, Muhammad Osama", "Zaheer, Ramsha"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515400", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has shocked the world to a standstill. Routine healthcare has been severely disrupted. Healthcare service is a finite resource and in the current pandemic situation the risks of providing care to individual patients, whether they be confirmed, probable or suspected cases, should be balanced against the ability to provide safe routine long-term care to others. But how far can the healthcare system protect itself and fear the unknown, before it starts causing harm by omission? Herein we provide a review of cases that were misdiagnosed, left stranded in the system or had to face unnecessary delays due to the lack of an organised pathway."}, {"pmid": 32328716, "pmcid": "PMC7179372", "title": "COVID-19-What we know and what we need to know: There are more questions than answers.", "journal": "Herz", "authors": ["Maisch, Bernhard", "Dorr, Rolf"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328716", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359878, "title": "Application of plasma exchange in association with higher dose CVVH in Cytokine Storm Complicating COVID-19.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Lin, Jui-Hsiang", "Chen, Yu-Cheng", "Lu, Chien-Lu", "Hsu, Yuan-Nian", "Wang, Wei-Jie"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359878", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32088339, "pmcid": "PMC7130104", "title": "The basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) estimation based on exponential growth in the early outbreak in China from 2019 to 2020: A reply to Dhungana.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Shi", "Lin, Qianying", "Ran, Jinjun", "Musa, Salihu S", "Yang, Guangpu", "Wang, Weiming", "Lou, Yijun", "Gao, Daozhou", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai", "Wang, Maggie H"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088339", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508107, "title": "The Role of Palliative Care in Caring for the Families of Patients With COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Hosp Palliat Care", "authors": ["Bakar, Melissa", "Capano, Elizabeth", "Patterson, Melissa", "McIntyre, Brooke", "Walsh, Chaplain Jean"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508107", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In palliative care, we strive to provide care to the whole patient. When we think about the whole patient, we include the people who are important in our patients' lives. Our New York City-based palliative care team has found that caring for patients' loved ones has proven to be an even more important aspect of the care we have provided during the COVID epidemic. In this article, we describe the multicomponenet interdisciplinary interventions we have implemented to enhance our ability to create a therapeutic alliance with family members and facilitate the provision of goal concordant care to patients with COVID during this extremely difficult time."}, {"pmid": 32298246, "title": "Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at Two Family Gatherings - Chicago, Illinois, February-March 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Ghinai, Isaac", "Woods, Susan", "Ritger, Kathleen A", "McPherson, Tristan D", "Black, Stephanie R", "Sparrow, Laura", "Fricchione, Marielle J", "Kerins, Janna L", "Pacilli, Massimo", "Ruestow, Peter S", "Arwady, M Allison", "Beavers, Suzanne F", "Payne, Daniel C", "Kirking, Hannah L", "Layden, Jennifer E"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298246", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread rapidly around the world since it was first recognized in late 2019. Most early reports of person-to-person SARS-CoV-2 transmission have been among household contacts, where the secondary attack rate has been estimated to exceed 10% (1), in health care facilities (2), and in congregate settings (3). However, widespread community transmission, as is currently being observed in the United States, requires more expansive transmission events between nonhousehold contacts. In February and March 2020, the Chicago Department of Public Health (CDPH) investigated a large, multifamily cluster of COVID-19. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 and their close contacts were interviewed to better understand nonhousehold, community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. This report describes the cluster of 16 cases of confirmed or probable COVID-19, including three deaths, likely resulting from transmission of SARS-CoV-2 at two family gatherings (a funeral and a birthday party). These data support current CDC social distancing recommendations intended to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. U.S residents should follow stay-at-home orders when required by state or local authorities."}, {"pmid": 32198190, "title": "Practical laboratory considerations amidst the COVID-19 outbreak: early experience from Singapore.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Tan, Shaun S", "Yan, Benedict", "Saw, Sharon", "Lee, Chun Kiat", "Chong, Ai Teng", "Jureen, Roland", "Sethi, Sunil"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198190", "countries": ["China", "Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a zoonotic viral infection originating from Wuhan, China in December 2019. The World Health Organization has classified this pandemic as a global health emergency due to its virulent nature of transmission, which may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Singapore's health ministry has responded with enhanced surveillance of COVID-19 for all suspected pneumonia cases, further increasing the volume of testing via real-time reverse transcription PCR, as well as samples necessitating stringent infectious control. Collectively, this has implications on the total testing process, laboratory operations and its personnel due to biosafety concerns. Turnaround time for routine testing may also be affected. The aim of this article is to present our tertiary institution's early experience with managing this emerging crisis and offer practical considerations for the preanalytical, analytical and postanalytical phases of laboratory testing in this cohort of patients."}, {"pmid": 32337328, "pmcid": "PMC7176944", "title": "Coronaviruses: A patent dataset report for research and development (R&D) analysis.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Machuca-Martinez, Fiderman", "Amado, Ruben Camargo", "Gutierrez, Oscar"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337328", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This work shows a patent database for Coronaviruses that provides an overview of the patenting activity and trends in focused antiviral therapy with the use of triazole based compounds, glycoprotein, and protease inhibitors as possible treatment. The patent data was obtained from Orbit Intelligence Software using a patent family structure to get a big database that could be used for built patent landscape report (PLR), market analysis, technical and competitive intelligence, and monitoring and survey of a new ideas for the treatment of coronavirus diseases. The raw data is reported in four databases, which were classified according to different items: legal status (alive, dead), 1st application year (after 2015, 2011-2015, 2006-2010, 2001-2005), and Top 5 International Patents Classifications (IPC). The main players, the investment trend, markets, geographical distribution, technology overview, technologies distribution, and patent citation are showed by this analysed data report."}, {"pmid": 32504016, "title": "The pandemic is challenging China's breakneck race to the top of science.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Cyranoski, David"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504016", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456767, "title": "Anakinra in COVID-19 therapy: what have we learned from adult-onset Still's disease?", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Bilia, Silvia", "Giannini, Daiana", "Rizzelli, Grazia Maria Luisa", "Tavoni, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456767", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398918, "pmcid": "PMC7217112", "title": "Impact of COVID 19 lockdown on orthopaedic surgeons in India: A survey.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Sahu, Dipit", "Agrawal, Tushar", "Rathod, Vaibhavi", "Bagaria, Vaibhav"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398918", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the fight against COVID 19, the government of India announced a 3 weeks lockdown of the entire country of 1.3 billion people on 24th March 2020. One week after the lockdown was announced, we conducted an anonymous online survey of the orthopaedic surgeons in India through social media platforms to assess the impact of the lockdown during COVID 19. The survey had a total of 13 questions with (3-5) options and was designed with an aim to understand the perception and the state of mind of the Orthopaedic surgeons in the lockdown situation. The survey was completed by 611 orthopaedic surgeons from 140 cities in India. There were 22.5% orthopaedic surgeons who said that they were definitely stressed out, and 40.5% who said they were mildly stressed out. As the age decreased, the percentage of orthopaedic surgeons feeling \"definitely stressed out\" increased. Disruption of life-work balance and uncertainties regarding return to work were other strongly associated factors with the \"definitely stressed out\" group. The psychological impact of the lockdown during COVID 19 on orthopaedic surgeons may become a potential concern that will require addressal through open discussion. diagnostic level 4."}, {"pmid": 32171062, "pmcid": "PMC7118626", "title": "Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection?", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Fang, Lei", "Karakiulakis, George", "Roth, Michael"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171062", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374357, "title": "The Ethics of COVID-19 Immunity-Based Licenses (\"Immunity Passports\").", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Persad, Govind", "Emanuel, Ezekiel J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374357", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503801, "title": "Does vitamin D deficiency increase the severity of COVID-19?", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Weir, E Kenneth", "Thenappan, Thenappan", "Bhargava, Maneesh", "Chen, Yingjie"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503801", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severity of coronavirus 2019 infection (COVID-19) is determined by the presence of pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), myocarditis, microvascular thrombosis and/or cytokine storms, all of which involve underlying inflammation. A principal defence against uncontrolled inflammation, and against viral infection in general, is provided by T regulatory lymphocytes (Tregs). Treg levels have been reported to be low in many COVID-19 patients and can be increased by vitamin D supplementation. Low vitamin D levels have been associated with an increase in inflammatory cytokines and a significantly increased risk of pneumonia and viral upper respiratory tract infections. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in thrombotic episodes, which are frequently observed in COVID-19. Vitamin D deficiency has been found to occur more frequently in patients with obesity and diabetes. These conditions are reported to carry a higher mortality in COVID-19. If vitamin D does in fact reduce the severity of COVID-19 in regard to pneumonia/ARDS, inflammation, inflammatory cytokines and thrombosis, it is our opinion that supplements would offer a relatively easy option to decrease the impact of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32398230, "title": "Interpreting a covid-19 test result.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Watson, Jessica", "Whiting, Penny F", "Brush, John E"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398230", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528045, "pmcid": "PMC7288256", "title": "Managing fragility fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Rev Endocrinol", "authors": ["Napoli, Nicola", "Elderkin, Ann L", "Kiel, Douglas P", "Khosla, Sundeep"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528045", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495850, "title": "The impact of heroin illicit market in the framework of COVID 19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Marinelli, E"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243288, "pmcid": "PMC7173085", "title": "The COVID-19: Role of Ambulatory Surgery Facilities in This Global Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Rajan, Niraja", "Joshi, Girish P"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243288", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now become a global pandemic. This has led the United States to declare a national emergency and a ban on all elective diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, as well as elective surgery in inpatient and outpatient settings. Ambulatory surgery facilities that perform only elective procedures are thus likely to be closed. However, these facilities may be able assist acute care hospitals, as essential (urgent and emergent) surgeries and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures will still need to be performed. The aim of this article is explore the potential contribution of ASFs in the current healthcare crisis. It is important to understand that COVID-19-related information is continually evolving, and thus, the discussion provided here is subject to change."}, {"pmid": 32268381, "title": "Neonatal Resuscitation and Postresuscitation Care of Infants Born to Mothers with Suspected or Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Chandrasekharan, Praveen", "Vento, Maximo", "Trevisanuto, Daniele", "Partridge, Elizabeth", "Underwood, Mark A", "Wiedeman, Jean", "Katheria, Anup", "Lakshminrusimha, Satyan"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268381", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in November2019. The rapid progression to a global pandemic of COVID-19 has had profound medical, social, and economic consequences. Pregnant women and newborns represent a vulnerable population. However, the precise impact of this novel virus on the fetus and neonate remains uncertain. Appropriate protection of health care workers and newly born infants during and after delivery by a COVID-19 mother is essential. There is some disagreement among expert organizations on an optimal approach based on resource availability, surge volume, and potential risk of transmission. The manuscript outlines the precautions and steps to be taken before, during, and after resuscitation of a newborn born to a COVID-19 mother, including three optional variations of current standards involving shared-decision making with parents for perinatal management, resuscitation of the newborn, disposition, nutrition, and postdischarge care. The availability of resources may also drive the application of these guidelines. More evidence and research are needed to assess the risk of vertical and horizontal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and its impact on fetal and neonatal outcomes. \u00b7 The risk of vertical transmission is unclear; transmission from family members/providers to neonates is possible.. \u00b7 Optimal personal-protective-equipment (airborne vs. droplet/contact precautions) for providers is crucial to prevent transmission.. \u00b7 Parents should be engaged in shared decision-making with options for rooming in, skin-to-skin contact, and breastfeeding.."}, {"pmid": 32304691, "pmcid": "PMC7158836", "title": "Pregnant vs nonpregnant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and coronavirus disease 2019 hospital admissions: the first 4 weeks in New York.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Tekbali, Asma", "Grunebaum, Amos", "Saraya, Abraham", "McCullough, Laurence", "Bornstein, Eran", "Chervenak, Frank A"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304691", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436847, "title": "CT findings of COVID-19 in follow-up: comparison between progression and recovery.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Guan, Chun-Shuang", "Wei, Lian-Gui", "Xie, Ru-Ming", "Lv, Zhi-Bin Department Of Radiology Beijing Ditan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China", "Yan, Shuo", "Zhang, Zi-Xin", "Chen, Bu-Dong"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436847", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to retrospectively analyze the imaging changes detected in the follow-up of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients on thin-section computed tomography (CT). We included 54 patients diagnosed with COVID-19. The mean interval between the initial and follow-up CT scans was 7.82\u00b13.74 days. Patients were divided into progression and recovery groups according to their outcomes. We evaluated CT images in terms of distribution of lesions and imaging manifestations. The manifestations included ground-glass opacity (GGO), crazy-paving pattern, consolidation, irregular line, and air bronchogram sign. COVID-19 lesions showed mainly subpleural distribution, which was accompanied by bronchovascular bundle distribution in nearly 30% of the patients. The lower lobes of both lungs were the most commonly involved. In the follow-up, the progression group showed more involvement of the upper lobe of the left lung than the recovery group. GGO was the most common sign. As the disease progressed, round GGO decreased and patchy GGO increased. On follow-up CT, consolidation increased in the progression group while decreasing in the recovery group. Air bronchogram sign was more commonly observed at the initial examination (90.9%) than at follow-up (30%) in the recovery group, but there was no significant change in the progression group. Pleural effusion and lymphadenopathy were absent in the initial examination, but pleural effusion was observed in three cases after follow-up. As COVID-19 progressed, round GGOs tended to evolve into patchy GGOs, consolidation increased, and pleural effusion could be occasionally observed. As COVID-19 resolved, the crazy-paving pattern and air bronchogram significantly decreased."}, {"pmid": 32443911, "title": "Proteasome Inhibitors as a Possible Therapy for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Longhitano, Lucia", "Tibullo, Daniele", "Giallongo, Cesarina", "Lazzarino, Giacomo", "Tartaglia, Nicola", "Galimberti, Sara", "Li Volti, Giovanni", "Palumbo, Giuseppe Alberto", "Liso, Arcangelo"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443911", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic is caused by SARS-CoV-2, and represents an urgent medical and social issue. Unfortunately, there is still not a single proven effective drug available, and therefore, current therapeutic guidelines recommend supportive care including oxygen administration and treatment with antibiotics. Recently, patients have been also treated with off-label therapies which comprise antiretrovirals, anti-inflammatory compounds, antiparasitic agents and plasma from convalescent patients, all with controversial results. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is important for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and plays a pivotal role in viral replication processes. In this review, we discuss several aspects of the UPS and the effects of its inhibition with particular regard to the life cycle of the coronaviruses (CoVs). In fact, proteasome inhibition by various chemical compounds, such as MG132, epoxomycin and bortezomib, may reduce the virus entry into the eucariotic cell, the synthesis of RNA, and the subsequent protein expression necessary for CoVs. Importantly, since UPS inhibitors reduce the cytokine storm associated with various inflammatory conditions, it is reasonable to assume that they might be repurposed for SARS-CoV-2, thus providing an additional tool to counteract both virus replication as well as its most deleterious consequences triggered by abnormal immunological response."}, {"pmid": 32389317, "pmcid": "PMC7252151", "title": "Postponing the IV International Symposium on Fungal Stress (ISFUS) and the XIII International Fungal Biology Conference (IFBC) due to COVID-19.", "journal": "Fungal Biol", "authors": ["Rangel, Drauzio E N", "Aguirre, Jesus", "Alder-Rangel, Alene"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389317", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276044, "pmcid": "PMC7138378", "title": "The serostatus approach to fighting COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kenyon, Chris"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276044", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32168465, "pmcid": "PMC7258465", "title": "Epidemiology of Coronavirus Disease in Gansu Province, China, 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Fan, Jingchun", "Liu, Xiaodong", "Pan, Weimin", "Douglas, Mark W", "Bao, Shisan"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32168465", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the epidemiology of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in a remote region of China, far from Wuhan, we analyzed the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Gansu Province. From January 23 through February 3, 2020, a total of 35 (64.8%) of 54 reported cases were imported from COVID-19-epidemic areas. Characteristics that differed significantly during the first and second waves of illness in Gansu Province were mean patient age, occupation, having visited epidemic areas, and mode of transportation. Time from infection to illness onset for family clusters was shorter in Gansu Province than in Wuhan, consistent with shortened durations from onset to first medical visit or hospitalization. Spatial distribution pattern analysis indicated hot spots and spatial outliers in Gansu Province. As a result of adequate interventions, transmission of the COVID-19 virus in Gansu Province is decreasing."}, {"pmid": 32474036, "pmcid": "PMC7255713", "title": "Qualitative serology in patients recovered from SARS CoV 2 infection.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Bettencourt, Paulo", "Fernandes, Catarina", "Gil, Ana", "Almeida, Antonio", "AlveolosMargarida"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474036", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403159, "pmcid": "PMC7272996", "title": "Comment on: Coronavirus 2019 in Geriatrics and Long-Term Care: The ABCDs of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Lopez, Ruth Palan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403159", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458198, "pmcid": "PMC7250275", "title": "Acute transverse myelitis after COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Munz, Maike", "Wessendorf, Swen", "Koretsis, Georgios", "Tewald, Friedemann", "Baegi, Reem", "Kramer, Stefan", "Geissler, Michael", "Reinhard, Matthias"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458198", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379863, "pmcid": "PMC7239240", "title": "Metagenomic analysis reveals clinical SARS-CoV-2 infection and bacterial or viral superinfection and colonization.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Peddu, Vikas", "Shean, Ryan C", "Xie, Hong", "Shrestha, Lasata", "Perchetti, Garrett A", "Minot, Samuel S", "Roychoudhury, Pavitra", "Huang, Meei-Li", "Nalla, Arun", "Reddy, Shriya B", "Phung, Quynh", "Reinhardt, Adam", "Jerome, Keith R", "Greninger, Alexander L"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379863", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "More than two months separated the initial description of SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of its widespread dissemination in the United States. Despite this lengthy interval, implementation of specific quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR-based SARS-CoV-2 tests in the US has been slow, and testing is still not widely available. Metagenomic sequencing offers the promise of unbiased detection of emerging pathogens, without requiring prior knowledge of the identity of the responsible agent or its genomic sequence. To evaluate metagenomic approaches in the context of the current SARS-CoV-2 epidemic, laboratory-confirmed positive and negative samples from Seattle, Washington were evaluated by metagenomic sequencing, with comparison to a 2019 reference genomic database created before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. Within 36\u2009hours our results showed clear identification of a novel human Betacoronavirus, closely related to known Betacoronaviruses of bats, in laboratory-proven cases of SARS-CoV-2. A subset of samples also showed superinfection or colonization with human parainfluenza virus 3 or Moraxella species, highlighting the need to test directly for SARS-CoV-2 as opposed to ruling out an infection using a viral respiratory panel. Samples negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR were also negative by metagenomic analysis, and positive for Rhinovirus A and C. Unlike targeted SARS-CoV-2 qRT-PCR testing, metagenomic analysis of these SARS-CoV-2 negative samples identified candidate etiological agents for the patients' respiratory symptoms. Taken together, these results demonstrate the value of metagenomic analysis in the monitoring and response to this and future viral pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32417018, "pmcid": "PMC7200375", "title": "A perspective from a NYC chief oral and maxillofacial surgery resident during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Saggese, N P", "Cardo, V A"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417018", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301966, "pmcid": "PMC7184557", "title": "Albert Camus' 'The COVID-19 Plague' Revisited.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Franco-Paredes, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301966", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442333, "title": "Estimation of the number of blood donors during the COVID-19 incubation period across China and analysis of prevention and control measures for blood transfusion transmission.", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Yuan, Zhaohu", "Chen, Dandan", "Chen, Xiaojie", "Wei, Yaming"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442333", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to estimate the number of blood donors during the COVID-19 incubation period across China. In this study, we developed a predictive model to estimate the number of blood donors during the COVID-19 incubation period among 34 provincial regions in China. Our main assumption was that blood donors of all ages in different regions have a stable blood donation intention and the same infection risk. First, we estimated the number of blood donors during the COVID-19 incubation period in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, and China, from December 31, 2019 to March 17, 2020. Second, we compared the number of blood donors during the COVID-19 incubation period in all provinces across China. In addition, we found that if all RBCs, plasma, and cryoprecipitation were stored in isolation until the 14th day, the potential risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission through blood transfusion was reduced by at least 65.77% after the blood donor safely passed the COVID-19 incubation period. Moreover, if the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was carried out on all platelets, the potential risk would be reduced by 77.48%. Although the risk is low, with the rapid spread of the COVID-19 and the appearance of alarmingly high infectivity and a high fatality rate, appropriate measures should be taken by health departments to ensure the safety of clinical blood."}, {"pmid": 32423299, "title": "Application of a Modified Endoscopy Face Mask for Flexible Laryngoscopy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Narwani, Vishal", "Kohli, Nikita", "Lerner, Michael Z"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423299", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diagnostic flexible laryngoscopy (DFL) is a critical tool in the armamentarium of an otolaryngologist. However, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, DFL represents a high-risk procedure for patients and otolaryngologists due to the risk of aerosolization. In cases where DFL is required, in patients with COVID-19 positivity or unknown COVID-19 status, we describe the use of a modified endoscopy face mask as an adjunct to personal protection equipment to reduce occupational transmission of COVID-19 while performing DFL. Our modified endoscopy mask provides an additional barrier against the transmission of airborne pathogens. The modified endoscopy face mask may also serve as a useful tool for otolaryngologists as they return to performing more aerosol-generating procedures in the outpatient setting."}, {"pmid": 32335184, "pmcid": "PMC7180008", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Radiology Education-Strategies for Survival.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Slanetz, Priscilla J", "Parikh, Ujas", "Chapman, Teresa", "Motuzas, Cari L"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335184", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414550, "pmcid": "PMC7151327", "title": "ST-segment Elevation, Myocardial Injury, and Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Patients: Diagnostic and Treatment Uncertainties.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Bennett, Courtney E", "Anavekar, Nandan S", "Gulati, Rajiv", "Singh, Mandeep", "Kane, Garvan C", "Sandoval, Yader", "Foley, Thomas A", "Jaffe, Allan S", "Sandhu, Gurpreet S", "Bell, Malcolm R", "Askew, J Wells"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414550", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327202, "pmcid": "PMC7194105", "title": "Renal histopathological analysis of 26 postmortem findings of patients with COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Su, Hua", "Yang, Ming", "Wan, Cheng", "Yi, Li-Xia", "Tang, Fang", "Zhu, Hong-Yan", "Yi, Fan", "Yang, Hai-Chun", "Fogo, Agnes B", "Nie, Xiu", "Zhang, Chun"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327202", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although the respiratory and immune systems are the major targets of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), acute kidney injury and proteinuria have also been observed. Currently, detailed pathologic examination of kidney damage in critically ill patients with COVID-19 has been lacking. To help define this we analyzed kidney abnormalities in 26 autopsies of patients with COVID-19 by light microscopy, ultrastructural observation and immunostaining. Patients were on average 69 years (19 male and 7 female) with respiratory failure associated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome as the cause of death. Nine of the 26 showed clinical signs of kidney injury that included increased serum creatinine and/or new-onset proteinuria. By light microscopy, diffuse proximal tubule injury with the loss of brush border, non-isometric vacuolar degeneration, and even frank necrosis was observed. Occasional hemosiderin granules and pigmented casts were identified. There were prominent erythrocyte aggregates obstructing the lumen of capillaries without platelet or fibrinoid material. Evidence of vasculitis, interstitial inflammation or hemorrhage was absent. Electron microscopic examination showed clusters of coronavirus-like particles with distinctive spikes in the tubular epithelium and podocytes. Furthermore, the receptor of SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 was found to be upregulated in patients with COVID-19, and immunostaining with SARS-CoV nucleoprotein antibody was positive in tubules. In addition to the direct virulence of SARS-CoV-2, factors contributing to acute kidney injury included systemic hypoxia, abnormal coagulation, and possible drug or hyperventilation-relevant rhabdomyolysis. Thus, our studies provide direct evidence of the invasion of SARSCoV-2 into kidney tissue. These findings will greatly add to the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32474381, "pmcid": "PMC7248625", "title": "Is anosmia the price to pay in an immune-induced scorched-earth policy against COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Le Bon, S D", "Horoi, M"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474381", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), loss of smell has increasingly been reported as a frequent clinical sign. Understanding the underlying mechanism and the prognostic value of this symptom will help better manage patients. SARS-CoV-2, as SARS-CoV-1, may likely spread to the central nervous system (CNS) via the olfactory nerve, a known gateway for respiratory neurotropic viruses. We hypothesise that sudden loss of smell due to COVID-19 is the consequence of a protective host defence mechanism involving apoptosis of olfactory receptor neurons. Sacrificing smelling over neuroprotection is a logical strategy, even more so as olfaction is the only sense with the ability to regenerate in adults. Induced apoptosis of olfactory neurons has been shown in mice, successfully preventing neuroinvasion. On the other hand, adult olfactory neurogenesis has been shown to be regulated in part by the immune system, allowing to restore olfactory function. Understanding anosmia as part of a defence mechanism would support the concept of sudden anosmia as being a positive prognostic factor in the short term. Also, it may orient research to investigate the risk of future neurodegenerative disease linked to persisting coronavirus in neurons."}, {"pmid": 32438330, "pmcid": "PMC7214325", "title": "Convalescent plasma: A possible treatment protocol for COVID- 19 patients suffering from diabetes or underlying liver diseases.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Pawar, Ashish Yashwantrao", "Hiray, Apoorva Prashant", "Sonawane, Deepak Devidas", "Bhambar, Rajendra Sudhakar", "Derle, Deelip Vishram", "Ahire, Yogesh Suresh"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438330", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As on date, no specific treatment is available for devastating COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This pandemic viral infection has affected over 200 countries within a very short time and created a calamitous situation across the globe. As per WHO guidelines, the treatment is mainly symptomatic and supportive. This clinical protocol has not proven sufficient to save the lives of COVID-19 patients suffering from diabetes or having underlying liver diseases; hence there is utmost need to tackle this situation by other means such as Convalescent Plasma (CP) therapy. A comprehensive literature survey was carriedout using Elsevier, PubMed, Taylor & Francis, Springer, Nature and Google search engines. The patients suffering from diabetes or liver dysfunction or any other underlying diseases are at greatest risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. From the study, it is proved that plasma collected from the recovered patients of viral infection has considerable potential to treat the viral disease without the occurrence of adverse effects. The CP therapy can be a possible life saving alternative to treat critical COVID-19 patients having diabetes or underlying liver dysfunction. Hence, randomised clinical trials are recommended at the earliest to save the lives of infected individuals of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32529545, "pmcid": "PMC7289229", "title": "Natural Products as Potential Leads Against Coronaviruses: Could They be Encouraging Structural Models Against SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Nat Prod Bioprospect", "authors": ["Orhan, Ilkay Erdogan", "Senol Deniz, F Sezer"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529545", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New coronavirus referred to SARS-CoV-2 has caused a worldwide pandemic (COVID-19) declared by WHO. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 is akin to SARS-CoV, which was the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 as well as to that of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012. SARS-CoV-2 has been revealed to belong to Coronaviridiae family as a member of \u03b2-coronaviruses. It has a positive-sense single-stranded RNA with the largest RNA genome. Since its genomic sequence has a notable similarity to that of SARS-CoV, antiviral drugs used to treat SARS and MERS are now being also applied for COVID-19 treatment. In order to combat SARS-CoV-2, many drug and vaccine development studies at experimental and clinical levels are currently conducted worldwide. In this sense, medicinal plants and the pure natural molecules isolated from plants have been reported to exhibit significant inhibitory antiviral activity against SARS-CoV and other types of coronaviruses. In the present review, plant extracts and natural molecules with the mentioned activity are discussed in order to give inspiration to researchers to take these molecules into consideration against SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32191143, "title": "Should patients stop their biologic treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Bashyam, Arjun M", "Feldman, Steven R"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191143", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32087777, "pmcid": "PMC7138040", "title": "COVID-19: fighting panic with information.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-02-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087777", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32338735, "pmcid": "PMC7197560", "title": "Fulminant myocarditis in the time of coronavirus.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Cuomo, Vittoria", "Esposito, Roberta", "Santoro, Ciro"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338735", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503169, "title": "Crafting Jobs for Occupational Satisfaction and Innovation among Manufacturing Workers Facing the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Ren, Tianzhou", "Cao, Lele", "Chin, Tachia"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503169", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "China's manufacturing employees are confronted with unprecedent occupational and innovation challenges caused by the ongoing COVID-19 crisis coupled with the pressure of being replaced by digital technologies. To gain a better understanding of the rising occupational uncertainty during this critical time, based on the job demands-resources (JD-R) theory, we examined the associations of employees' job crafting behaviors (JCB) with their occupational satisfaction and innovation workplace behavior (IWB), as well as the mediating effect of work engagement on the above relationships. The final usable data were obtained from the formal survey of 311 employees of six manufacturing companies that have returned to work amid COVID-19. Structural equation modelling was adopted to analyze the data. Results show that employees' JCB strengthens their occupational satisfaction and IWB via work engagement. Theoretically, our research enriches the existing body of knowledge about JCB from a cross-disciplinary angle integrating the perspectives of career and psychology. Practically, we offer valuable first-hand evidence about how manufacturing employees conducted JCB to re-orient their careers and to innovate in the face of the high unemployment situation."}, {"pmid": 32496851, "title": "Social prescribing: a 'natural' community-based solution.", "journal": "Br J Community Nurs", "authors": ["Howarth, Michelle", "Griffiths, Alistair", "da Silva, Anna", "Green, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper discusses social prescribing as part of the wider NHS England universal personalised care model, and it describes how community nurses can engage with social prescribing systems to support community resilience. A case study based on the example of gardening, as a nature-based social prescription provided by the RHS Bridgewater Wellbeing Garden, is provided to illustrate the scope, reach and impact of non-medical, salutogenic approaches for community practitioners. The authors argue that social prescribing and, in particular, nature-based solutions, such as gardening, can be used as a non-medical asset-based approach by all health professionals working in the community as a way to promote health and wellbeing. They consider how the negative impact of social distancing resulting from COVID-19 restrictions could be diluted through collaboration between a holistic, social prescribing system and community staff. The paper presents a unique perspective on how community nurses can collaborate with link workers through social prescribing to help combat social isolation and anxiety and support resilience."}, {"pmid": 32459851, "title": "Stress-induced cardiac arrest with mitral annulus disjunction in a physician amid the COVID-19 pandemic fight.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Marona, Milosz", "Celinska-Spodar, Malgorzata", "Spiewak, Mateusz", "Konopka, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459851", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316618, "pmcid": "PMC7238102", "title": "Novel Coronavirus: Current Understanding of Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, and Treatment Options.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Mungroo, Mohammad Ridwane", "Khan, Naveed Ahmed", "Siddiqui, Ruqaiyyah"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316618", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in devastating consequences worldwide and infected more than 350,000 individuals and killed more than 16,000 people. SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the coronavirus family to affect humans. Symptoms of COVID-19 include fever (88%), cough (68%), vomiting (5%) and diarrhoea (3.7%), and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is thought to occur from human to human via respiratory secretions released by the infected individuals when coughing and sneezing. COVID-19 can be detected through computed tomography scans and confirmed through molecular diagnostics tools such as polymerase chain reaction. Currently, there are no effective treatments against SARS-CoV-2, hence antiviral drugs have been used to reduce the development of respiratory complications by reducing viral load. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive update on the pathogenesis, clinical aspects, diagnosis, challenges and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections."}, {"pmid": 32309388, "pmcid": "PMC7154461", "title": "A quickly, effectively screening process of novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Shi, Yu", "Wang, Xiangshi", "Liu, Gongbao", "Zhu, Qirong", "Wang, Jianshe", "Yu, Hui", "Wang, Chuanqing", "Wang, Libo", "Zhang, Mingzhi", "Zhang, Lingen", "Lu, Guoping", "Lu, Zhujin", "Yu, Jian", "Qiao, Zhongwei", "Gu, Ying", "Shen, Guomei", "Xu, Hong", "Zeng, Mei", "Zhai, Xiaowen", "Huang, Guoying"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309388", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A recent cluster of pneumonia cases in China was caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We report the screening and diagnosis of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in our hospital. Developed a procedure for the identification of children cases with COVID-19 in outpatient and emergency department of our hospital, then we observed how this process works. (I) There were 56 cases considered suspected cases, and 10 cases were confirmed as COVID-19. (II) Of the 10 confirmed COVID-19 cases admitted in our hospital, 5 were males and 5 were females, aged from 7 months to 11 years, the average age is 6.0\u00b14.2 years, 6 cases were mild pneumonia, the others were upper respiratory tract infection. (III) We followed up 68 patients in isolation at home until symptoms disappeared. Non were missed in the patient's first visit. The sensitivity of this method is 100% and the specificity is 71.3%. Our screening process works well, and it is also necessary to establish a screening network in the hospital."}, {"pmid": 32458599, "title": "[Pharmacological characteristics of chloroquine and suggestions for its use in treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhongguo Xue Xi Chong Bing Fang Zhi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Gao, Q"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458599", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province of China by the end of 2019, and then, the disease spread across China and became a global pandemic. Nevertheless, there are no effective treatments or vaccines for COVID-19 until now. In addition to the treatment of patients with COVID-19, the China Medical Treatment Expert Group for COVID-19 is active to study and screen effective antiviral drugs, and has found that chloroquine, an old antimalarial,shows activity against SARS-CoV-2. Then, chloroquine was included in the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of COVID-19 in China (version 6) issued by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. Currently, chloroquine phosphate and hydroxychloroquine sulfate, two chloroquine derivatives, are under clinical use. Although these two agents exhibit similar mechanisms of drug actions, there is a difference between these two chemicals in terms of target populations, therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions. This paper summarizes the currently available data and experiences from clinical treatment for malaria with chloroquine drugs, so as to provide insights into the more rational use of chloroquine agents for the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32496734, "title": "The effects of blood group types on the risk of COVID-19 infection and its clinical outcome.", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Goker, Hakan", "Aladag Karakulak, Elifcan", "Demiroglu, Haluk", "Ayaz Ceylan, Caglayan Merve", "Buyukasik, Yahya", "Inkaya, Ahmet Cagkan", "Aksu, Salih", "Sayinalp, Nilgun", "Haznedaroglu, Ibrahim Celalettin", "Uzun, Omrum", "Akova, Murat", "Ozcebe, Osman Ilhami", "Unal, Serhat"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496734", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease of 2019) is an infectious disease outbreak later on declared as a pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2). It spreads very rapidly and can result in severe acute respiratory failure. The clinical studies have shown that advanced age and chronic diseases increase the risk of infection. However, influence of the blood groups on COVID-19 infection and its outcome remains to be confirmed. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there exists a relationship between the blood groups of the patients and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. 186 patients with PCR confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included in this study. Age, gender, blood groups, comorbidities, need for intubation and intensive care unit follow up and mortalities of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. 1881 healthy individuals, who presented to the Hacettepe University Blood Bank served as the controls. The most frequently detected blood group was blood group A (57%) amongst the COVID-19 patients. This was followed by the blood group O (24.8%). The blood group types did not affect the clinical outcomes. Blood group A was statistically significantly more frequent among those infected with COVID-19 compared to controls (57% vs 38%, p <0.001; OR: 2.1). On the other hand, the frequency of blood group O was significantly lower in the COVID-19 patients, compared to the control group (24.8% vs 37.2%, p: 0.001; OR: 1.8). The results of the present study suggest that while the blood group A might have a role in increased susceptibility to the COVID-19 infection, the blood group O might be somewhat protective. However, once infected, blood group type does not seem to influence clinical outcome."}, {"pmid": 32428957, "title": "[Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) - Outbreak in North Rhine-Westphalia (District of Heinsberg) - First diagnosis of a COVID-19 manifestation in a couple].", "journal": "Dtsch Med Wochenschr", "authors": ["Laufs, Jendrik", "Elsbernd, Harry", "Holzl, Friedrich", "Winter, Klaus-Dieter"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428957", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Up to February 24th 2020 occasionally occuring SARS-CoV-2 infections in Germany without severe course. Emergency presentation of a couple in the emergency room. For seven days now, the man has fever, dry cough und physical weakness and the wife has similar symptoms of a milder form. The clinical examination shows fine crackles over both lungs and a respiratory failure of the husband. Laboratory increase in inflammation parameters as well as transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase. Radiologically lung infiltrates of different severity. Further on diagnosis of a SARS-CoV-2-infection of both patients with a severe course of the male. Intubation and mechanical ventilation of the male patient with prolonged intenive care treatment. Recovery of the female patient under conventional oxygen therapy. These two cases show the starting point of an endemic spread of SARS-CoV-2 in the district of Heinsberg (North Rhine-Westphalia) and up to this point the first case of a life-threatenning course in Germany."}, {"pmid": 32297843, "pmcid": "PMC7249453", "title": "Oligonucleotides and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Perspective.", "journal": "Nucleic Acid Ther", "authors": ["Rossi, John J", "Rossi, Daniel"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297843", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present global health emergency involving the emergence and rapid spread of a novel coronavirus has prompted the world scientific community to consider how it can help to fight this growing viral pandemic. With few safe and effective drugs available to combat this threat to humanity and the normal functioning of our society, the oligonucleotide research community is uniquely positioned to apply its technology and expertise to help alleviate the crisis, thanks to its capacity for rational drug design, swift development cycles, and pursuing targets undruggable by conventional treatment strategies."}, {"pmid": 32127714, "title": "Coronavirus response: a focus on containment is still apt.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127714", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409163, "pmcid": "PMC7204678", "title": "Safe tracheotomy for patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Botti, Cecilia", "Lusetti, Francesca", "Castellucci, Andrea", "Costantini, Massimo", "Ghidini, Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409163", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) with respiratory distress may need invasive mechanical ventilation for a long period of time. Head and neck surgeons are becoming increasingly involved in the care of COVID-19 patients because of the rapidly increasing number of tracheotomies required. This procedure, when performed without protection, may lead to the infection of the medical and nursing staff caring for the patient. The aim of this report is to share our protocol for performing a safe surgical tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients. Infection of the nursing/medical staff involved in the first 30 tracheotomies performed in patients affected by COVID-19 in the Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary referral center were evaluated. Mistakes that occurred during surgery were analyzed and discussed. None of the nursing/medical staff presented signs or symptoms of COVID-19 within 15\u00a0days after the procedure. Conclusion: The authors have prepared a protocol for performing a safe surgical tracheotomy in patients affected by COVID-19. Surgeons who might be involved in performing the tracheotomies should become familiar with these guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32376398, "pmcid": "PMC7252115", "title": "Tocilizumab for the treatment of severe COVID-19 pneumonia with hyperinflammatory syndrome and acute respiratory failure: A single center study of 100 patients in Brescia, Italy.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Toniati, Paola", "Piva, Simone", "Cattalini, Marco", "Garrafa, Emirena", "Regola, Francesca", "Castelli, Francesco", "Franceschini, Franco", "Airo, Paolo", "Bazzani, Chiara", "Beindorf, Eva-Andrea", "Berlendis, Marialma", "Bezzi, Michela", "Bossini, Nicola", "Castellano, Maurizio", "Cattaneo, Sergio", "Cavazzana, Ilaria", "Contessi, Giovanni-Battista", "Crippa, Massimo", "Delbarba, Andrea", "De Peri, Elena", "Faletti, Angela", "Filippini, Matteo", "Filippini, Matteo", "Frassi, Micol", "Gaggiotti, Mario", "Gorla, Roberto", "Lanspa, Michael", "Lorenzotti, Silvia", "Marino, Rosa", "Maroldi, Roberto", "Metra, Marco", "Matteelli, Alberto", "Modina, Denise", "Moioli, Giovanni", "Montani, Giovanni", "Muiesan, Maria-Lorenza", "Odolini, Silvia", "Peli, Elena", "Pesenti, Silvia", "Pezzoli, Maria-Chiara", "Pirola, Ilenia", "Pozzi, Alessandro", "Proto, Alessandro", "Rasulo, Francesco-Antonio", "Renisi, Giulia", "Ricci, Chiara", "Rizzoni, Damiano", "Romanelli, Giuseppe", "Rossi, Mara", "Salvetti, Massimo", "Scolari, Francesco", "Signorini, Liana", "Taglietti, Marco", "Tomasoni, Gabriele", "Tomasoni, Lina-Rachele", "Turla, Fabio", "Valsecchi, Alberto", "Zani, Davide", "Zuccala, Francesco", "Zunica, Fiammetta", "Foca, Emanuele", "Andreoli, Laura", "Latronico, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376398", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A hyperinflammatory syndrome (HIS) may cause a life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. A prospective series of 100 consecutive patients admitted to the Spedali Civili University Hospital in Brescia (Italy) between March 9th and March 20th with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia and ARDS requiring ventilatory support was analyzed to determine whether intravenous administration of tocilizumab (TCZ), a monoclonal antibody that targets the interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor, was associated with improved outcome. Tocilizumab was administered at a dosage of 8\u00a0mg/kg by two consecutive intravenous infusions 12\u00a0h apart. A third infusion was optional based on clinical response. The outcome measure was an improvement in acute respiratory failure assessed by means of the Brescia COVID Respiratory Severity Score (BCRSS 0 to 8, with higher scores indicating higher severity) at 24-72\u00a0h and 10\u00a0days after tocilizumab administration. Out of 100 treated patients (88\u00a0M, 12\u00a0F; median age: 62\u00a0years), 43 received TCZ in the intensive care unit (ICU), while 57 in the general ward as no ICU beds were available. Of these 57 patients, 37 (65%) improved and suspended noninvasive ventilation (NIV) (median BCRSS: 1 [IQR 0-2]), 7 (12%) patients remained stable in NIV, and 13 (23%) patients worsened (10 died, 3 were admitted to ICU). Of the 43 patients treated in the ICU, 32 (74%) improved (17 of them were taken off the ventilator and were discharged to the ward), 1 (2%) remained stable (BCRSS: 5) and 10 (24%) died (all of them had BCRSS\u22657 before TCZ). Overall at 10\u00a0days, the respiratory condition was improved or stabilized in 77 (77%) patients, of whom 61 showed a significant clearing of diffuse bilateral opacities on chest x-ray and 15 were discharged from the hospital. Respiratory condition worsened in 23 (23%) patients, of whom 20 (20%) died. All the patients presented with lymphopenia and high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, ferritin and IL-6 indicating a HIS. During the 10-day follow-up, three cases of severe adverse events were recorded: two patients developed septic shock and died, one had gastrointestinal perforation requiring urgent surgery and was alive at day 10. In conclusion, our series showed that COVID-19 pneumonia with ARDS was characterized by HIS. The response to TCZ was rapid, sustained, and associated with significant clinical improvement."}, {"pmid": 32468517, "pmcid": "PMC7255906", "title": "Cancer patients in COVID-19 outbreak: something more than Suram fortress.", "journal": "Med Oncol", "authors": ["Ferrari, Daris", "Violati, Martina", "Codeca, Carla"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468517", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502118, "title": "Deployment of a computerized ward visitor registration system in coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic: Experiences of a large academic medical center in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Hsu, Chia-An", "Yuan, Eunice J", "Fen, Jun-Jeng", "Lee, Chung-Yuan", "Ming, Jin-Lain", "Chen, Tzeng-Ji", "Lee, Wui-Chiang", "Chen, Shih-Ann"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502118", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Visitors to hospitalized patients during an epidemic might themselves be carriers and are therefore likely to spread the disease in wards. Although measures were taken to restrict hospital visits, traditional paper-based registration is insufficient to screen and monitor the numbers of visitors to a large hospital. Throughout March 2020, during the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis, a computer system was deployed in the 2800-bed Taipei Veterans General Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan) to register, screen, and monitor inpatient visitors. This system comprised three parts: online registration form, entrance check-in interface, and registration database. The early utilization of this newly deployed system was then analyzed. A total of 22,336 visits were recorded between March 11, 2020, and March 31, 2020, with 1064 a day on average. Out of these visits, 18.1% (n = 4049) had made online reservations within 48 hours. On the other hand, of all 4941 online reservations, 18.1% (n = 892) were no-shows. In the last 12 days of the study period, eight prospective visitors were identified as ineligible by the computer system, and so their visits were denied. Using a computer system, the hospital was able to enforce restrictions on hospital visits. Although the online registration system had not been fully used yet in the early phase of adoption, its superiority from the standpoint of disease control should enable hospital managers to consider abolishing on-site visitor registration."}, {"pmid": 32440675, "title": "Clinical and Psychological Issues in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Inflamm Bowel Dis", "authors": ["Martinelli, Massimo", "Strisciuglio, Caterina", "Fedele, Flora", "Miele, Erasmo", "Staiano, Annamaria"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440675", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32231374, "pmcid": "PMC7108749", "title": "Data-based analysis, modelling and forecasting of the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Anastassopoulou, Cleo", "Russo, Lucia", "Tsakris, Athanasios", "Siettos, Constantinos"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231374", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first suspected case of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on December 1st, 2019, in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, a total of 40,235 confirmed cases and 909 deaths have been reported in China up to February 10, 2020, evoking fear locally and internationally. Here, based on the publicly available epidemiological data for Hubei, China from January 11 to February 10, 2020, we provide estimates of the main epidemiological parameters. In particular, we provide an estimation of the case fatality and case recovery ratios, along with their 90% confidence intervals as the outbreak evolves. On the basis of a Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered-Dead (SIDR) model, we provide estimations of the basic reproduction number (R0), and the per day infection mortality and recovery rates. By calibrating the parameters of the SIRD model to the reported data, we also attempt to forecast the evolution of the outbreak at the epicenter three weeks ahead, i.e. until February 29. As the number of infected individuals, especially of those with asymptomatic or mild courses, is suspected to be much higher than the official numbers, which can be considered only as a subset of the actual numbers of infected and recovered cases in the total population, we have repeated the calculations under a second scenario that considers twenty times the number of confirmed infected cases and forty times the number of recovered, leaving the number of deaths unchanged. Based on the reported data, the expected value of R0 as computed considering the period from the 11th of January until the 18th of January, using the official counts of confirmed cases was found to be \u223c4.6, while the one computed under the second scenario was found to be \u223c3.2. Thus, based on the SIRD simulations, the estimated average value of R0 was found to be \u223c2.6 based on confirmed cases and \u223c2 based on the second scenario. Our forecasting flashes a note of caution for the presently unfolding outbreak in China. Based on the official counts for confirmed cases, the simulations suggest that the cumulative number of infected could reach 180,000 (with a lower bound of 45,000) by February 29. Regarding the number of deaths, simulations forecast that on the basis of the up to the 10th of February reported data, the death toll might exceed 2,700 (as a lower bound) by February 29. Our analysis further reveals a significant decline of the case fatality ratio from January 26 to which various factors may have contributed, such as the severe control measures taken in Hubei, China (e.g. quarantine and hospitalization of infected individuals), but mainly because of the fact that the actual cumulative numbers of infected and recovered cases in the population most likely are much higher than the reported ones. Thus, in a scenario where we have taken twenty times the confirmed number of infected and forty times the confirmed number of recovered cases, the case fatality ratio is around \u223c0.15% in the total population. Importantly, based on this scenario, simulations suggest a slow down of the outbreak in Hubei at the end of February."}, {"pmid": 32503815, "title": "Role of Interleukin-6 in Lung Complications in Patients With COVID-19: Therapeutic Implications.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Smetana, Karel Jr", "Brabek, Jan"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503815", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is viral respiratory infection with frequently fatal lung complications in the elderly or in people with serious comorbidities. Lung destruction appears to be associated with a cytokine storm related to an increased level of interleukin-6 (IL6). Therapeutic targeting of the interleukin-6 signaling pathway can attenuate such a cytokine storm and can be beneficial for patients with COVID-19 in danger of pulmonary failure. This article demonstrates the importance of IL6 in progression of disease and the possibility of inhibition of IL6 signaling in COVID-19 therapy."}, {"pmid": 32247016, "pmcid": "PMC7194574", "title": "Probable aircraft transmission of Covid-19 in-flight from the Central African Republic to France.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Eldin, Carole", "Lagier, Jean-Christophe", "Mailhe, Morgane", "Gautret, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247016", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425700, "pmcid": "PMC7229937", "title": "CONTINUING CHRONIC DISEASE CARE DURING COVID-19 AND BEYOND.", "journal": "J Am Med Dir Assoc", "authors": ["Hong, Wei-Zhen", "Chan, Gek-Cher", "Chua, Horng-Ruey"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32174053, "pmcid": "PMC7082661", "title": "False-Negative Results of Real-Time Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: Role of Deep-Learning-Based CT Diagnosis and Insights from Two Cases.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Li, Dasheng", "Wang, Dawei", "Dong, Jianping", "Wang, Nana", "Huang, He", "Xu, Haiwang", "Xia, Chen"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174053", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of 2019 novel coronavirus, later named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is still gradually spreading worldwide. The nucleic acid test or genetic sequencing serves as the gold standard method for confirmation of infection, yet several recent studies have reported false-negative results of real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Here, we report two representative false-negative cases and discuss the supplementary role of clinical data with rRT-PCR, including laboratory examination results and computed tomography features. Coinfection with SARS-COV-2 and other viruses has been discussed as well."}, {"pmid": 32426070, "pmcid": "PMC7231488", "title": "Challenges to Neurosurgery During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Tsermoulas, Georgios", "Zisakis, Athanasios", "Flint, Graham", "Belli, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426070", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has presented a massive burden to most health care systems across the globe. The demand for intensive care unit capacity in particular has increased significantly, and hospitals in most affected regions have struggled to cope. The focus of health care activity has shifted to the pandemic, with a negative impact on the management of other conditions. Neurosurgery, like most specialties, has been drastically affected but, arguably, warrants special considerations because many of the treatments required are time-critical. Lack or delay of appropriate intervention may lead, for an individual patient, to permanent neurologic injury and a significant decline in function and quality of life, or even death. In this report, we consider the challenges that neurosurgeons currently face in relation to the pandemic and are likely to face in the foreseeable future. The challenges are multifaceted with practical, ethical, legal, and other implications. These include re-deployment of staff to areas outside neurosurgery, treatment priority setting, ethical decision-making and risk of moral injury, as well as medicolegal risks, financial uncertainties and implications for training, research, and global health work. As well as patients, these challenges will affect neurosurgeons as doctors and as humans. The international neurosurgical community has a moral duty to contribute to the global response to the COVID-19 crisis, but also to retain a duty to care for individual patients."}, {"pmid": 32273156, "pmcid": "PMC7270628", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19): Implications for Clinical Dental Care.", "journal": "J Endod", "authors": ["Ather, Amber", "Patel, Biraj", "Ruparel, Nikita B", "Diogenes, Anibal", "Hargreaves, Kenneth M"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273156", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated coronavirus disease has gripped the entire international community and caused widespread public health concerns. Despite global efforts to contain the disease spread, the outbreak is still on a rise because of the community spread pattern of this infection. This is a zoonotic infection, similar to other coronavirus infections, that is believed to have originated in bats and pangolins and later transmitted to humans. Once in the human body, this coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is abundantly present in nasopharyngeal and salivary secretions of affected patients, and its spread is predominantly thought to be respiratory droplet/contact in nature. Dental professionals, including endodontists, may encounter patients with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and will have to act diligently not only to provide care but at the same time prevent nosocomial spread of infection. Thus, the aim of this article is to provide a brief overview of the epidemiology, symptoms, and routes of transmission of this novel infection. In addition, specific recommendations for dental practice are suggested for patient screening, infection control strategies, and patient management protocol."}, {"pmid": 32398306, "pmcid": "PMC7236834", "title": "The Post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) Scale: a tool to measure functional status over time after COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Klok, F A", "Boon, G J A M", "Barco, S", "Endres, M", "Geelhoed, J J M", "Knauss, S", "Rezek, S A", "Spruit, M A", "Vehreschild, J", "Siegerink, B"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398306", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437939, "pmcid": "PMC7207134", "title": "Chest X-ray severity index as a predictor of in-hospital mortality in coronavirus disease 2019: A study of 302 patients from Italy.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Borghesi, Andrea", "Zigliani, Angelo", "Golemi, Salvatore", "Carapella, Nicola", "Maculotti, Patrizia", "Farina, Davide", "Maroldi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437939", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to assess the usefulness of a new chest X-ray scoring system - the Brixia score - to predict the risk of in-hospital mortality in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Between March 4, 2020 and March 24, 2020, all CXR reports including the Brixia score were retrieved. We enrolled only hospitalized Caucasian patients with COVID-19 for whom the final outcome was available. For each patient, age, sex, underlying comorbidities, immunosuppressive therapies, and the CXR report containing the highest score were considered for analysis. These independent variables were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model to extract the predictive factors for in-hospital mortality. 302 Caucasian patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19 were enrolled. In the multivariable logistic regression model, only Brixia score, patient age, and conditions that induced immunosuppression were the significant predictive factors for in-hospital mortality. According to receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, the optimal cutoff values for Brixia score and patient age were 8 points and 71 years, respectively. Three different models that included the Brixia score showed excellent predictive power. Patients with a high Brixia score and at least one other predictive factor had the highest risk of in-hospital death."}, {"pmid": 32504925, "pmcid": "PMC7261103", "title": "What would Sergio Ferreira say to your physician in this war against COVID-19: How about kallikrein/kinin system?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Nicolau, Lucas A D", "Magalhaes, Pedro J C", "Vale, Mariana L"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504925", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease with fast spreading all over the world caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus which can culminate in a severe acute respiratory syndrome by the injury caused in the lungs. However, other organs can be also damaged. SARS-CoV-2 enter into the host cells using the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as receptor, like its ancestor SARS-CoV. ACE2 is then downregulated in lung tissues with augmented serum levels of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Interestingly, ACE2+ organs reveal the symptomatic repercussions, which are signals of the infection such as dry cough, shortness of breath, heart failure, liver and kidney damage, anosmia or hyposmia, and diarrhea. ACE2 exerts a chief role in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by converting angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1-7) that activates Mas receptor, inhibits ACE1, and modulates bradykinin (BK) receptor sensitivity, especially the BK type 2 receptor (BKB2R). ACE2 also hydrolizes des-Arg9-bradykinin (DABK), an active BK metabolite, agonist at BK type 1 receptors (BKB1R), which is upregulated by inflammation. In this opinion article, we conjecture a dialogue by the figure of S\u00e9rgio Ferreira which brought together basic science of classical pharmacology and clinical repercussions in COVID-19, then we propose that in the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection: i) downregulation of ACE2 impairs the angiotensin II and DABK inactivation; ii) BK and its metabolite DABK seems to be in elevated levels in tissues by interferences in kallikrein/kinin system; iii) BK1 receptor contributes to the outbreak and maintenance of the inflammatory response; iv) kallikrein/kinin system crosstalks to RAS and coagulation system, linking inflammation to thrombosis and organ injury. We hypothesize that targeting the kallikrein/kinin system and BKB1R pathway may be beneficial in SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially on early stages. This route of inference should be experimentally verified by SARS-CoV-2 infected mice."}, {"pmid": 32492454, "pmcid": "PMC7261446", "title": "Clinical assessment of COVID-19 outbreak among migrant workers residing in a large dormitory in Singapore.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Chew, Min-Hoe", "Koh, Frederick H", "Wu, Jing-Ting", "Ngaserin, Sabrina", "Ng, Aven", "Ong, Biauw-Chi", "Lee, Vernon J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492454", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509394, "title": "Should patients stop their radiotherapy or chemotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Cancer Res", "authors": ["Huang, Bin", "Zhu, Jian", "Wu, Xiong-Ying", "Gao, Xu-Hui"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509394", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the previous stage, there were too many patients with Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan. Ordinary people, patients, even doctors, had a great sense of desperate. On the one hand, almost all doctors participated in the treatment of patients of COVID-19. On the other hand, the government restricted residents to go out, and the sick people were also afraid of being infected with COVID-19 when seeking medical treatment. Whether cancer patients seek medical treatment or not has become a contradiction for a long time. Our Viewpoint paper is to provide a positive signal to doctors and patients that patients with in the middle or advanced stage of cancer can receive radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy normally under protective measures."}, {"pmid": 32463076, "title": "Asymptomatic transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic and implications for public health strategies.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Huff, Hanalise V", "Singh, Avantika"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463076", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 spread rapidly within months despite global public health strategies to curb transmission by testing symptomatic patients and encouraging social distancing. Here, we summarize rapidly emerging evidence highlighting transmission by asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals. Viral load of asymptomatic carriers is comparable to symptomatic patients, viral shedding is highest before symptom onset suggesting high transmissibility before symptoms. Within universally tested subgroups, surprisingly high percentages of COVID-19 positive asymptomatic individuals were found. Asymptomatic transmission was reported in several clusters. A Wuhan study showed an alarming rate of intrahospital transmission, and several countries reported higher prevalence among healthcare workers than the general population. This raises concern that health workers could act as silent disease vectors. Therefore, current public health strategies relying solely on 'symptom onset' for infection identification need urgent reassessment. Extensive universal testing irrespective of symptoms may be considered with priority placed on groups with high frequency exposure to positive patients."}, {"pmid": 32401043, "title": "Conserved High Free Energy Sites in Human Coronavirus Spike Glycoprotein Backbones.", "journal": "J Comput Biol", "authors": ["Penner, Robert C"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401043", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    Methods previously developed by the author are applied to uncover several sites of interest in the spike glycoproteins of all known human coronaviruses (hCoVs), including SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19. The sites comprise three-dimensional neighborhoods of peptides characterized by four key properties: (1) they pinpoint regions of high free energy in the backbone whose obstruction might interrupt function; (2) by their very definition, they occur rarely in the universe of all gene-encoded proteins that could obviate host response to compounds designed for their interference; (3) they are common to all known hCoV spikes, possibly retaining activity in light of inevitable viral mutation; and (4) they are exposed in the molecular surface of the glycoprotein. These peptides in SARS-CoV-2 are given by the triples of residues (131, 117, 134), (203, 227, 228), and (1058, 730, 731) in its spike.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32475183, "title": "Does lopinavir measure up in the treatment of Covid-19?", "journal": "Expert Opin Investig Drugs", "authors": ["Doggrell, Sheila A"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475183", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lopinavir in combination with ritonavir is approved for the treatment of HIV and has recently been subject to a clinical trial in severe COVID-19. This evaluation is of LOTUS China (the Lopinavir Trial for Suppression of SARS-Cov-2 in China), which was a randomized trial in hospitalized subjects with COVID-9 in a respiratory sample and pneumonia. As, in severe COVID-19, lopinavir/ritonavir had no beneficial effects but increased gastrointestinal adverse effects, this combination should not be used at this stage of COVID-19. In my opinion, the rationale for undertaking a trial of lopinavir/ritonavir in COVID-19 was poor. The analysis of a modified intention to treat group analysis in LOTUS China may have introduced bias. After LOTUS China, there is probably no future for lopinavir in the treatment of severe COVID-19, but some clinical trials for prevention or in various stages of COVID-19 have recently started or are ongoing. The major limitation of these trials is that as lopinavir does not inhibit COVID-19, it is unlikely to prevent infection, reduce viral load, or reduce the severity. However, these trials may be worthwhile in finally determining whether lopinavir has any role in preventing or treating COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32239278, "pmcid": "PMC7111588", "title": "Reply to ocular manifestation, eye protection, and COVID-19.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Lai, Tracy H T", "Tang, Emily W H", "Chau, Sandy K Y", "Li, Kenneth K W"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239278", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307265, "pmcid": "PMC7144608", "title": "French consensus regarding precautions during tracheostomy and post-tracheostomy care in the context of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Schultz, P", "Morvan, J-B", "Fakhry, N", "Moriniere, S", "Vergez, S", "Lacroix, C", "Bartier, S", "Barry, B", "Babin, E", "Couloigner, V", "Atallah, I"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307265", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Tracheostomy post-tracheostomy care are regarded as at high risk for contamination of health care professionals with the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Considering the rapid spread of the infection, all patients in France must be considered as potentially infected by the virus. Nevertheless, patients without clinical or radiological (CT scan) markers of COVID-19, and with negative nasopharyngeal sample within 24h of surgery, are at low risk of being infected. Instructions for personal protection include specific wound dressings and decontamination of all material used. The operating room should be ventilated after each tracheostomy and the pressure of the room should be neutral or negative. Percutaneous tracheostomy is to be preferred over surgical cervicotomy in order to reduce aerosolization and to avoid moving patients from the intensive care unit to the operating room. Ventilation must be optimized during the procedure, to limit patient oxygen desaturation. Drug assisted neuromuscular blockage is advised to reduce coughing during tracheostomy tube insertion. An experienced team is mandatory to secure and accelerate the procedure as well as to reduce risk of contamination."}, {"pmid": 32523921, "pmcid": "PMC7279897", "title": "Acute Pericarditis and Cardiac Tamponade in a Patient with COVID-19: A Therapeutic Challenge.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Asif, Talal", "Kassab, Kameel", "Iskander, Fady", "Alyousef, Tareq"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523921", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a case of acute viral pericarditis and cardiac tamponade in a patient with COVID-19 to highlight the associated treatment challenges, especially given the uncertainty associated with the safety of standard treatment. We also discuss complications associated with delayed diagnosis in patients who potentially may need mechanical ventilation. Large pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade should be considered in patients with COVID-19 who decompensate further after intubation and mechanical ventilation.The characteristics of pericardial effusion in patients with COVID-19 are described.A successful treatment approach for acute pericarditis in a patient with COVID-19 in light of differing opinions over the safety of NSAID use is described."}, {"pmid": 32363212, "pmcid": "PMC7184359", "title": "Review: Hydroxychloroquine and Chloroquine for Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Open Forum Infect Dis", "authors": ["Pastick, Katelyn A", "Okafor, Elizabeth C", "Wang, Fan", "Lofgren, Sarah M", "Skipper, Caleb P", "Nicol, Melanie R", "Pullen, Matthew F", "Rajasingham, Radha", "McDonald, Emily G", "Lee, Todd C", "Schwartz, Ilan S", "Kelly, Lauren E", "Lother, Sylvain A", "Mitja, Oriol", "Letang, Emili", "Abassi, Mahsa", "Boulware, David R"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363212", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a rapidly emerging viral infection causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have garnered unprecedented attention as potential therapeutic agents against COVID-19 following several small clinical trials, uncontrolled case series, and public figure endorsements. While there is a growing body of scientific data, there is also concern for harm, particularly QTc prolongation and cardiac arrhythmias. Here, we perform a rapid narrative review and discuss the strengths and limitations of existing in vitro and clinical studies. We call for additional randomized controlled trial evidence prior to the widespread incorporation of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine into national and international treatment guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32524249, "title": "Physician Supply During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Crisis: the Role of Hazard Pay.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Ruhnke, Gregory W"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524249", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457006, "pmcid": "PMC7207137", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak in France: Setup and Activities of a Mobile Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Team During the First 3 Weeks.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Haye, Guillaume", "Fourdrain, Alex", "Abou-Arab, Osama", "Berna, Pascal", "Mahjoub, Yazine"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457006", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527911, "title": "Rates relief campaign continues.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527911", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BVA is continuing to push hard for veterinary practices to be granted access to further financial support for businesses affected by Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32396601, "title": "Clinical orthodontic management during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Angle Orthod", "authors": ["Suri, Sunjay", "Vandersluis, Yona R", "Kochhar, Anuraj S", "Bhasin, Ritasha", "Abdallah, Mohamed-Nur"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396601", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To provide a comprehensive summary of the implications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on orthodontic treatment, contingency management, and provision of emergency orthodontic treatment, using currently available data and literature. Orthodontically relevant sources of information were searched using electronic databases including PubMed and Google Scholar and current reports from major health bodies such as Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization, National Institutes of Health, and major national orthodontic associations. Where available, peer-reviewed and more recent publications were given priority. Due to the rapidly evolving nature of COVID-19 and limitations in quality of evidence, a narrative synthesis was undertaken. Relevant to orthodontics, human-to human transmission of SARS-CoV-2 occurs predominantly through the respiratory tract via droplets, secretions (cough, sneeze), and or direct contact, where the virus enters the mucous membrane of the mouth, nose, and eyes. The virus can remain stable for days on plastic and stainless steel. Most infected persons experience a mild form of disease, but those with advanced age or underlying comorbidities may suffer severe respiratory and multiorgan complications. During the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, elective orthodontic treatment should be suspended and resumed only when permitted by federal, provincial, and local health regulatory authorities. Emergency orthodontic treatment can be provided by following a contingency plan founded on effective communication and triage. Treatment advice should be delivered remotely first when possible, and where necessary, in-person treatment can be performed in a well-prepared operatory following the necessary precautions and infection prevention and control (IPAC) protocol."}, {"pmid": 32302782, "pmcid": "PMC7151364", "title": "Pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: Time to change the paradigm of computed tomography.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Rotzinger, D C", "Beigelman-Aubry, C", "von Garnier, C", "Qanadli, S D"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302782", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To raise awareness for possible benefits of examining known COVID-19 patients presenting sudden clinical worsening with CT pulmonary angiography instead of standard non-contrast chest CT."}, {"pmid": 32208497, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: palliative care for elderly and frail patients at home and in residential and nursing homes.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Kunz, Roland", "Minder, Markus"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208497", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454575, "pmcid": "PMC7241604", "title": "Urgent and Emergent Eye Care Strategies to Protect Against COVID-19.", "journal": "Fed Pract", "authors": ["Scheer, Lisette", "Hillsgrove, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454575", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article presents additional strategies to the medical professional and support tactics to keep both the health care provider and patient as safe as possible during the COVID-19 pandemic. Follicular conjunctivitis has been reported as an early sign of infection or during hospitalization for severe COVID-19 disease. It has been confirmed that COVID-19 is transmitted through both respiratory droplets and direct contact. Another possible route of viral transmission is entry through aerosolized droplets into the tears, which then pass through the nasolacrimal ducts and into the respiratory tract. For nonemergent care, eye care providers should use telehealth. Eye care providers should prioritize patient care in order of absolute necessity, such as sudden vision loss, sudden onset flashes and floaters, and eye trauma. In those cases, exposure should be minimized. The close proximity between eye care providers and their patients during slit-lamp examination may require further precautions, such as shields, barriers, and mask use to lower the risk of transmission via droplets or through hand to eye contact. All nonemergent eye care appointments should be delayed or conducted remotely. For emergent in-person appointments, careful and appropriate adherence to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations may minimize exposure for both the health care provider and patient."}, {"pmid": 32518102, "title": "Epilepsy care in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Adan, Guleed H", "Mitchell, James W", "Marson, Tony"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518102", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic will impact on how care for chronic conditions is delivered. We use epilepsy to exemplify how care for patients will be affected, and suggest ways in which healthcare systems can respond to deliver the most effective care. Where face-to-face outpatient appointments have been cancelled, telemedicine can facilitate remote clinical consultations for new and follow-up epilepsy clinic patients while reducing the risk of infection to both patients and healthcare staff. First-seizure patients will need investigation pathways rationalised, while those with chronic epilepsy will need to have reliable alternative avenues to access clinical advice. At the same time, neurologists should support emergency departments and acute medical units, advising on appropriate management of seizures and other acute neurological presentations. Ultimately, the revolution in our clinical practice is unlikely to cease after this pandemic, with reconfiguration of services likely to bring improvements in efficiency and convenience, and a reduced environmental impact."}, {"pmid": 32251513, "pmcid": "PMC7143149", "title": "Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Health Care Workers in Singapore.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Tan, Benjamin Y Q", "Chew, Nicholas W S", "Lee, Grace K H", "Jing, Mingxue", "Goh, Yihui", "Yeo, Leonard L L", "Zhang, Ka", "Chin, Howe-Keat", "Ahmad, Aftab", "Khan, Faheem Ahmed", "Shanmugam, Ganesh Napolean", "Chan, Bernard P L", "Sunny, Sibi", "Chandra, Bharatendu", "Ong, Jonathan J Y", "Paliwal, Prakash R", "Wong, Lily Y H", "Sagayanathan, Renarebecca", "Chen, Jin Tao", "Ying Ng, Alison Ying", "Teoh, Hock Luen", "Ho, Cyrus S", "Ho, Roger C", "Sharma, Vijay K"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251513", "countries": ["Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346470, "pmcid": "PMC7176477", "title": "The effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of urgent surgery: a perspective from the USA.", "journal": "J Surg Case Rep", "authors": ["Cheeyandira, Abhiman"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346470", "countries": ["United States", "Italy", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus pandemic has affected all the 50 states in the USA. States such as NY, CA and WA being the most affected. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website, as of 28 March 2020, the total number of cases in the USA is over 103 300 and number of deaths to 1668. In the coming weeks, COVID-19 rates are expected to begin skyrocketing and hit a peak in late April/May/June given lessons learned from China, Italy and others. COVID-19 has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) as confirmed cases approach 575 444 patients with 26 654 deaths across over 160 countries, as of 28 March 2020. There is a lot of impact on management of the urgent and emergent cases. This article highlights the changes that are being made in delivering urgent and emergent surgical care during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32292884, "pmcid": "PMC7140724", "title": "Important Steps to Control COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "SN Compr Clin Med", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Sudipto"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292884", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Elderly patients are having high mortality rates from COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to younger patients. The SARS-CoV-2 virus uses the\u00a0ACE2 receptor as the entry point to the host cells. ARBs/ACEIs which are widely used in elderly patients, have\u00a0been found to be\u00a0associated with overexpression of ACE2.To decrease the severity of COVID-19 infection, ARB/ACEI should be switched to another class drug not known to cause a rise in ACE2 until the COVID-19 infection subsides. Specific human immunoglobulin can be tried for COVID-19 patients with critical conditions under supervision."}, {"pmid": 32032543, "pmcid": "PMC7128153", "title": "Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Xiang, Yu-Tao", "Yang, Yuan", "Li, Wen", "Zhang, Ling", "Zhang, Qinge", "Cheung, Teris", "Ng, Chee H"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32032543", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32124506, "pmcid": "PMC7159322", "title": "Hospital Emergency Management Plan During the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Cao, Yubin", "Li, Qin", "Chen, Jing", "Guo, Xia", "Miao, Cheng", "Yang, Hui", "Chen, Zihang", "Li, Chunjie", "Li, Longjiang"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32124506", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402512, "pmcid": "PMC7158774", "title": "A Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Treated With Ciclesonide.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Nakajima, Kento", "Ogawa, Fumihiro", "Sakai, Kazuya", "Uchiyama, Munehito", "Oyama, Yutaro", "Kato, Hideaki", "Takeuchi, Ichiro"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402512", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360745, "pmcid": "PMC7189852", "title": "Counterfeit filtering facepiece respirators are posing an additional risk to health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Ippolito, Mariachiara", "Gregoretti, Cesare", "Cortegiani, Andrea", "Iozzo, Pasquale"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360745", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407440, "pmcid": "PMC7226282", "title": "Asymptomatic Seroconversion of Immunoglobulins to SARS-CoV-2 in a Pediatric Dialysis Unit.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Hains, David S", "Schwaderer, Andrew L", "Carroll, Aaron E", "Starr, Michelle C", "Wilson, Amy C", "Amanat, Fatima", "Krammer, Florian"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407440", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281110, "pmcid": "PMC7262033", "title": "Distinct characteristics of COVID-19 patients with initial rRT-PCR-positive and rRT-PCR-negative results for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Zhang, Jin-Jin", "Cao, Yi-Yuan", "Dong, Xiang", "Wang, Bin-Chen", "Liao, Mei-Yan", "Lin, Jun", "Yan, You-Qin", "Akdis, Cezmi A", "Gao, Ya-Dong"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281110", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467353, "title": "Reduction of secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households by face mask use, disinfection and social distancing: a cohort study in Beijing, China.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Wang, Yu", "Tian, Huaiyu", "Zhang, Li", "Zhang, Man", "Guo, Dandan", "Wu, Wenting", "Zhang, Xingxing", "Kan, Ge Lin", "Jia, Lei", "Huo, Da", "Liu, Baiwei", "Wang, Xiaoli", "Sun, Ying", "Wang, Quanyi", "Yang, Peng", "MacIntyre, C Raina"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467353", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371473, "pmcid": "PMC7205520", "title": "Correction for Dietz et al., \"2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Built Environment Considerations To Reduce Transmission\".", "journal": "mSystems", "authors": ["Dietz, Leslie", "Horve, Patrick F", "Coil, David A", "Fretz, Mark", "Eisen, Jonathan A", "Wymelenberg, Kevin Van Den"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371473", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337795, "pmcid": "PMC7267364", "title": "Clinical role of lung ultrasound for the diagnosis and monitoring of COVID-19 pneumonia in pregnant women.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Buonsenso, D", "Raffaelli, F", "Tamburrini, E", "Biasucci, D G", "Salvi, S", "Smargiassi, A", "Inchingolo, R", "Scambia, G", "Lanzone, A", "Testa, A C", "Moro, F"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337795", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lung ultrasound has recently been suggested by the Chinese Critical Care Ultrasound Study Group and Italian Academy of Thoracic Ultrasound as an accurate tool to detect lung involvement during COVID-19. Although chest Computer Tomography (CT) represents the gold standard to assess lung involvement, with a specificity even superior to the nasal/pharyngeal swab for diagnosis, lung ultrasound examination can be a valid alternative to CT scan, with some advantages, particularly desirable for pregnant women. Indeed, ultrasound can be performed directly at bed side by a single operator, reducing the risk of spreading the outbreak among health professionals, as well as it is a radiation free exam making to be easier monitoring those patients who require serial exams. In the present study, we reported four cases of pregnant women affectd by COVID-19 infection who have been monitoring with lung ultrasound examination. All patients showed ultrasound features indicative of COVID-19 pneumonia at admission: irregular pleural lines and vertical artifacts (B-lines) were observed in all four cases, whereas patchy areas of white lung in two cases. LUS was more sensitive than chest X-ray in detecting COVID-19. Three patients had resolution of lung pathology at ultrasound after 96 h of admission. Two pregnancies are ongoing, whereas two patients had cesarean delivery with no fetal complications. PCR testing of both cord blood and newborn swabs were negative in both cases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32445629, "pmcid": "PMC7239622", "title": "Health care and mental health challenges for transgender individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol", "authors": ["Wang, Yuanyuan", "Pan, Bailin", "Liu, Ye", "Wilson, Amanda", "Ou, Jianjun", "Chen, Runsen"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445629", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289117, "pmcid": "PMC7144842", "title": "Novel decoy cellular vaccine strategy utilizing transgenic antigen-expressing cells as immune presenter and adjuvant in vaccine prototype against SARS-CoV-2 virus.", "journal": "Med Drug Discov", "authors": ["Ji, Henry", "Yan, Ying", "Ding, Beibei", "Guo, Wenzhong", "Brunswick, Mark", "Niethammer, Andreas", "SooHoo, Williams", "Smith, Robin", "Nahama, Alexis", "Zhang, Yanliang"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289117", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel approach modifying cells to express viral markers to elicit protective immunity responses (decoy cellular vaccination) in the prevention of COVID-19 disease is currently being explored. Our approach entails utilizing SARS-CoV-2 Spike antigen-expressing, non-replicating cells as carriers and presenters of immunogenic antigens, so called \"I-cells\". By using irradiated cells as presenting vehicles of SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens(s) in a cellular context, these presented viral proteins can be recognized by the host immune system, thus, an efficient protective immune response might be elicited. Another advantage of this strategy is that the manufacturing process is scalable and yields uniform cell products allowing for \"off-the-shelf\" frozen supply availability. To prevent engraftment and proliferation of the cells after administration, the cells will be irradiated post-harvesting abolishing in vivo replication potential. Specifically, immunoreactive Spike-1 proteins from SARS-CoV-2 are expressed on the surface of irradiated target I-cells. Utilizing this innovative strategy, these viral antigen-displaying decoy cells will be developed as a vaccine to protect against COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32343013, "pmcid": "PMC7267530", "title": "Respiratory and pulmonary complications in head and neck cancer patients: Evidence-based review for the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Silverman, Dustin A", "Lin, Chen", "Tamaki, Akina", "Puram, Sidharth V", "Carrau, Ricardo L", "Seim, Nolan B", "Eskander, Antoine", "Rocco, James W", "Old, Matthew O", "Kang, Stephen Y"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343013", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pulmonary complications and infections frequently affect patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Common characteristics can predispose these patients to the development of severe respiratory illness, which may be particularly relevant during the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. A scoping review was performed to assess the impact of pulmonary comorbidities and adverse respiratory outcomes in HNSCC patients. Advanced age, history of tobacco and alcohol abuse, and cardiopulmonary comorbidities are significant risk factors for the development of adverse respiratory outcomes. Treatment toxicities from radiation or chemoradiation therapy significantly increase these risks. Respiratory complications are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality among HNSCC patients, and the COVID-19 pandemic may disproportionately affect this population. Interventions designed to decrease smoking and alcohol use, improve oral hygiene, and aggressively manage medical comorbidities are important to the long-term management and health of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32428941, "title": "Potential Unconventional Medicines for the Treatment of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Drug Res (Stuttg)", "authors": ["Coppola, Maurizio", "Mondola, Raffaella"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428941", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490934, "title": "Ultrasound-guided minimally invasive autopsies: A protocol for the study of pulmonary and systemic involvement of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Monteiro, Renata Aparecida de Almeida", "Duarte-Neto, Amaro Nunes", "Silva, Luiz Fernando Ferraz da", "Oliveira, Ellen Pierre de", "Filho, Jair Theodoro", "Santos, Glaucia Aparecida Bento Dos", "Oliveira, Ilka Regina Souza de", "Mauad, Thais", "Saldiva, Paulo Hilario do Nascimento", "Dolhnikoff, Marisa"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490934", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32475615, "pmcid": "PMC7205726", "title": "Erythema multiforme in the context of SARS-Coronavirus-2 infection.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Sanchez-Velazquez, Alba", "Falkenhain, Daniel", "Rivera Diaz, Raquel"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475615", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501373, "pmcid": "PMC7247502", "title": "A multi-group SEIRA model for the spread of COVID-19 among heterogeneous populations.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Contreras, Sebastian", "Villavicencio, H Andres", "Medina-Ortiz, David", "Biron-Lattes, Juan Pablo", "Olivera-Nappa, Alvaro"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501373", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak and propagation of COVID-19 have posed a considerable challenge to modern society. In particular, the different restrictive actions taken by governments to prevent the spread of the virus have changed the way humans interact and conceive interaction. Due to geographical, behavioral, or economic factors, different sub-groups among a population are more (or less) likely to interact, and thus to spread/acquire the virus. In this work, we present a general multi-group SEIRA model for representing the spread of COVID-19 among a heterogeneous population and test it in a numerical case of study. By highlighting its applicability and the ease with which its general formulation can be adapted to particular studies, we expect our model to lead us to a better understanding of the evolution of this pandemic and to better public-health policies to control it."}, {"pmid": 32278757, "pmcid": "PMC7144607", "title": "COVID-19: Travel health and the implications for sub -Saharan Africa.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Iken, Oluwatomi", "Abakporo, Uzoma", "Ayobami, Olaniyi", "Attoye, Timothy"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382126, "pmcid": "PMC7203722", "title": "Protective humoral immunity in SARS-CoV-2 infected pediatric patients.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Zhang, Yaguang", "Xu, Jin", "Jia, Ran", "Yi, Chunyan", "Gu, Wangpeng", "Liu, Pengcheng", "Dong, Xinran", "Zhou, Hao", "Shang, Bo", "Cheng, Shipeng", "Sun, Xiaoyu", "Ye, Jing", "Li, Xuezhen", "Zhang, Jia", "Ling, Zhiyang", "Ma, Liyan", "Wu, Bingbing", "Zeng, Mei", "Zhou, Wenhao", "Sun, Bing"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382126", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32184474, "title": "How China is planning to go to Mars amid the coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mallapaty, Smriti"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32184474", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32195687, "pmcid": "PMC7141581", "title": "American Association for Bronchology and Interventional Pulmonology (AABIP) Statement on the Use of Bronchoscopy and Respiratory Specimen Collection in Patients with Suspected or Confirmed COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol", "authors": ["Wahidi, Momen M", "Lamb, Carla", "Murgu, Septimiu", "Musani, Ali", "Shojaee, Samira", "Sachdeva, Ashutosh", "Maldonado, Fabien", "Mahmood, Kamran", "Kinsey, Matthew", "Sethi, Sonali", "Mahajan, Amit", "Majid, Adnan", "Keyes, Colleen", "Alraiyes, Abdul Hamid", "Sung, Arthur", "Hsia, David", "Eapen, George"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195687", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429722, "title": "Antenatal corticosteroids for pregnant women with COVID-19 infection and preterm prelabor rupture of membranes: a decision analysis.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Clarice G", "Packer, Claire H", "Hersh, Alyssa R", "Caughey, Aaron B"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429722", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: While antenatal corticosteroids are routinely used to decrease adverse neonatal outcomes following preterm delivery, corticosteroids are also associated with worse outcomes in patients with viral respiratory infections. Currently in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is unclear whether antenatal corticosteroids for infant benefit outweigh the potential harm to a pregnant woman with a COVID-19 infection.Objective: To determine at which gestational ages administering antenatal corticosteroids is the optimal management strategy for hospitalized women with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) who have a COVID-19 infection.Methods: We designed a decision-analytic model to assess the maternal and infant outcomes associated with antenatal corticosteroid administration for risk of preterm delivery following rupture of membranes in the setting of a COVID-19 infection. We used a theoretical cohort of 10,000 women at each gestational age between 24 and 32\u2009weeks who were hospitalized with PPROM and found to be COVID-19 positive. Maternal outcomes included intensive care unit admission and death related to COVID-19 infection. The infant outcomes of interest included respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, neurodevelopmental delay, and death, and were assessed along with maternal and infant quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate model assumptions.Results: In our theoretical cohort of 10,000 women with COVID-19 infection and preterm prelabor rupture of membrane between 24 and 32\u2009weeks, corticosteroid administration resulted in 2,200 women admitted to the ICU and 110 maternal deaths at each gestational age. No antenatal corticosteroid use resulted in 1,500 ICU admissions and 75 maternal deaths at each gestational age. Antenatal corticosteroid administration also resulted in fewer cases of respiratory distress syndrome, intraventricular hemorrhage, and infant death. Overall, we found that between 24 and 30\u2009weeks of gestation, administering antenatal corticosteroids was the optimal management strategy as it resulted in higher combined QALYs than no corticosteroid use. For 31 and 32\u2009weeks of gestation, antenatal corticosteroid administration resulted in lower combined QALYs. On sensitivity analyses, we found that with increasing gestational age, the probability which antenatal corticosteroids was the optimal management strategy decreased.Conclusion: Administration of antenatal corticosteroids was an effective management strategy compared to no corticosteroid administration at gestational ages less than 31\u2009weeks. These results provide data for clinicians to utilize when counseling pregnant patients hospitalized with PPROM and have a COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32303574, "title": "Mission command: applying principles of military leadership to the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) crisis.", "journal": "BMJ Mil Health", "authors": ["Pearce, A Phill", "Naumann, D N", "O'Reilly, D"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303574", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521643, "title": "COVID-19 and Congenital Heart Disease: Results from a Nationwide Survey.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Sabatino, Jolanda", "Ferrero, Paolo", "Chessa, Massimo", "Bianco, Francesco", "Ciliberti, Paolo", "Secinaro, Aurelio", "Oreto, Lilia", "Avesani, Martina", "Bucciarelli, Valentina", "Calcaterra, Giuseppe", "Calabro, Maria Pia", "Russo, Maria Giovanna", "Bassareo, Pier Paolo", "Guccione, Paolo", "Indolfi, Ciro", "Di Salvo, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521643", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is challenging, given the large number of hospitalized patients. Cardiovascular co-morbidities are linked to a higher mortality risk. Thus, patients with Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) might represent a high-risk population. Nevertheless, no data about them are available, yet. Hence, we conducted a nationwide survey to assess clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with congenital heart disease affected by COVID-19. This is a multi-centre, observational, nationwide survey, involving high-volume Italian CHD centres. COVID-19 diagnosis was defined as either \"clinically suspected\" or \"confirmed\", where a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) test had been performed and was positive. Cardiovascular comorbidities were observed among adult patients-atrial fibrillation (seven; 9%), hypertension (five; 7%), obesity (seven; 9%) and diabetes (one; 1%)-but were absent among children. Cardiovascular complications were mainly observed in the \"confirmed\" COVID-19+ group, consisting of heart failure (9%), palpitations/arrhythmias (3%), stroke/TIA (3%) and pulmonary hypertension (3%). Cardiovascular symptoms such as chest pain (1%), myocardial injury (1%) and pericardial effusion (1%) were also recorded. On the contrary, CHD patients from the clinically suspected COVID-19 group presented no severe symptoms or complications. Despite previous reports pointing to a higher case-fatality rate among patients with cardiovascular co-morbidities, we observed a mild COVID-19 clinical course in our cohort of CHD patients. Although these results should be confirmed in larger cohorts to investigate the underlying mechanisms, the findings of low cardiovascular complications rates and no deaths are reassuring for CHD patients."}, {"pmid": 32435823, "pmcid": "PMC7237619", "title": "Prothrombotic phenotype in COVID-19 severe patients.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Helms, Julie", "Severac, Francois", "Merdji, Hamid", "Angles-Cano, Eduardo", "Meziani, Ferhat"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435823", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330900, "pmcid": "PMC7179965", "title": "Editorial. COVID-19 and neurosurgical practice: an interim report.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Amin-Hanjani, Sepideh", "Bambakidis, Nicholas C", "Barker, Fred G", "Carter, Bob S", "Cockroft, Kevin M", "Du, Rose", "Fraser, Justin F", "Hamilton, Mark G", "Huang, Judy", "Jane, John A", "Jensen, Randy L", "Kaplitt, Michael G", "Kaufmann, Anthony M", "Pilitsis, Julie G", "Riina, Howard A", "Schulder, Michael", "Vogelbaum, Michael A", "Yang, Lynda J S", "Zada, Gabriel"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330900", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32233055, "title": "Lest we forget.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Halazun, Karim J", "Rosenblatt, Russell"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233055", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) pandemic has caused shockwaves throughout the US healthcare system. Nowhere has coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) caused more infections than in New York, where there have been over 26,500 infections. Resources have been appropriately allocated towards combating this outbreak, but where does this leave patients with severe non-COVID-19 diseases? Herein we provide the views of a liver transplant surgeon and transplant hepatologist in New York."}, {"pmid": 32423579, "pmcid": "PMC7251990", "title": "[Pediatric ophthalmology consultations during COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Speeg-Schatz, C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423579", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491063, "pmcid": "PMC7269526", "title": "New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): advances to flatten the curve the prison population.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Matos, Marcos Andre de"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491063", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360076, "pmcid": "PMC7194733", "title": "Fatherhood during the COVID-19 pandemic: an unexpected turnaround.", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Lista, Gianluca", "Bresesti, Ilia"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360076", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497287, "title": "Anticardiolipin antibodies and COVID-19 - A Case Report from America.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Manrique, Julio Valencia", "Ghosh, Kuldeep", "Boma, Noella"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497287", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to unravel the pathological mechanism of COVID-19, several reports and studies have been recently conducted in the frontlines around the world. Some initial clues have been obtained, and among them, the concern for clot formation and the idea of an impaired coagulation has strongly increased. We report a case of pulmonary embolism in a COVID-19 patient who tested positive for anticardiolipin antibodies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32464109, "pmcid": "PMC7177131", "title": "Enfermedad Por Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) y Mas Alla: Micropracticas Para la Prevencion Del Agotamiento Emocional y Promover el Bienestar Emocional.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Fessell, David", "Cherniss, Cary"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464109", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486469, "title": "COVID-19 Related Coagulopathy: A Distinct Entity?", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Marchandot, Benjamin", "Sattler, Laurent", "Jesel, Laurence", "Matsushita, Kensuke", "Schini-Kerth, Valerie", "Grunebaum, Lelia", "Morel, Olivier"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486469", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted healthcare communities across the globe on an unprecedented scale. Patients have had diverse clinical outcomes, but those developing COVID-19-related coagulopathy have shown a disproportionately worse outcome. This narrative review summarizes current evidence regarding the epidemiology, clinical features, known and presumed pathophysiology-based models, and treatment guidance regarding COVID-19 coagulopathy."}, {"pmid": 32504026, "title": "Frozen cells and empty cages: researchers struggle to revive stalled experiments after the lockdown.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Madhusoodanan, Jyoti"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504026", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495335, "title": "[Nursing Education Strategies During the COVID-19 Epidemic].", "journal": "Hu Li Za Zhi", "authors": ["Hsieh, Hsin-Yu", "Hsu, Yu-Yun", "Ko, Nai-Ying", "Yen, Miaofen"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495335", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which arose at the end of 2019, poses a severe challenge to world public health systems. Frontline medical staffs bear a great burden to provide health care services. The Taiwan government has taken rapid and decisive actions to reduce the risk of community transmission and campus cluster infection. Nursing education includes both classroom teaching and clinical practicum components. In preparing for their practicum, students must learn not only fundamental nursing care knowledge but also basic knowledge on emerging infectious diseases. All schools nationwide have complied with the Ministry of Education order to postpone the opening of the fall semester in response to the rapid evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic. Campus epidemic prevention measures were implemented through student counseling networks, and flexible teaching strategies, including online teaching and distance teaching, were implemented to protect the learning rights of students. This paper explores the strategies implemented in response to emerging infectious diseases in nursing education based on the core values of professional nursing. Examining the precautions taken at campuses and teaching strategies adopted in response to the COVID 19 pandemic may provide valuable insights that may be applied to the future development of nursing education."}, {"pmid": 32145189, "pmcid": "PMC7128937", "title": "Covert COVID-19 and false-positive dengue serology in Singapore.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yan, Gabriel", "Lee, Chun Kiat", "Lam, Lawrence T M", "Yan, Benedict", "Chua, Ying Xian", "Lim, Anita Y N", "Phang, Kee Fong", "Kew, Guan Sen", "Teng, Hazel", "Ngai, Chin Hong", "Lin, Li", "Foo, Rui Min", "Pada, Surinder", "Ng, Lee Ching", "Tambyah, Paul Anantharajah"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145189", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265365, "pmcid": "PMC7173093", "title": "Obstetric Anesthesia During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Bauer, Melissa", "Bernstein, Kyra", "Dinges, Emily", "Delgado, Carlos", "El-Sharawi, Nadir", "Sultan, Pervez", "Mhyre, Jill M", "Landau, Ruth"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265365", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With increasing numbers of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) cases due to efficient human-to-human transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the United States, preparation for the unpredictable setting of labor and delivery is paramount. The priorities are two-fold in the management of obstetric patients with COVID-19 infection or persons under investigation (PUI): (1) caring for the range of asymptomatic to critically ill pregnant and postpartum women; (2) protecting health care workers and beyond from exposure during the delivery hospitalization (health care providers, personnel, family members). The goal of this review is to provide evidence-based recommendations, or expert opinion when evidence is limited, for anesthesiologists caring for pregnant women during the COVID 19 pandemic, with a focus on preparedness and best clinical obstetric anesthesia practice."}, {"pmid": 32246845, "pmcid": "PMC7232010", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are primarily expressed in bronchial transient secretory cells.", "journal": "EMBO J", "authors": ["Lukassen, Soeren", "Chua, Robert Lorenz", "Trefzer, Timo", "Kahn, Nicolas C", "Schneider, Marc A", "Muley, Thomas", "Winter, Hauke", "Meister, Michael", "Veith, Carmen", "Boots, Agnes W", "Hennig, Bianca P", "Kreuter, Michael", "Conrad, Christian", "Eils, Roland"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246845", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic affecting the human respiratory system severely challenges public health and urgently demands for increasing our understanding of COVID-19 pathogenesis, especially host factors facilitating virus infection and replication. SARS-CoV-2 was reported to enter cells via binding to ACE2, followed by its priming by TMPRSS2. Here, we investigate ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression levels and their distribution across cell types in lung tissue (twelve donors, 39,778 cells) and in cells derived from subsegmental bronchial branches (four donors, 17,521 cells) by single nuclei and single cell RNA sequencing, respectively. While TMPRSS2 is strongly expressed in both tissues, in the subsegmental bronchial branches ACE2 is predominantly expressed in a transient secretory cell type. Interestingly, these transiently differentiating cells show an enrichment for pathways related to RHO GTPase function and viral processes suggesting increased vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data provide a rich resource for future investigations of COVID-19 infection and pathogenesis."}, {"pmid": 32512082, "title": "Handheld Ultrasound Devices: An Emerging Technology to Reduce Viral Spread during the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Gibson, Lauren E", "Bittner, Edward A", "Chang, Marvin G"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512082", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392384, "pmcid": "PMC7272989", "title": "Reply to Letter to the Editor \"The Optimal Management of Electrodiagnostic Studies during COVID-19 Outbreak\".", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Kassardjian, Charles D", "Desai, Urvi", "Narayanaswami, Pushpa"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392384", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453100, "pmcid": "PMC7273962", "title": "Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)-Associated Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Case Report.", "journal": "J Clin Neuromuscul Dis", "authors": ["Rana, Sandeep", "Lima, Arthur A", "Chandra, Rahul", "Valeriano, James", "Desai, Troy", "Freiberg, William", "Small, George"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453100", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467490, "title": "The place of early rehabilitation in ICU for Covid-19.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Masiero, Stefano", "Zampieri, Davide", "Del Felice, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436303, "title": "Covid-19 and exacerbation of psoriasis.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Ozaras, Resat", "Berk, Ahmet", "Ucar, Dilek Hasman", "Duman, Habibe", "Kaya, Fatma", "Mutlu, Huseyin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436303", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360440, "pmcid": "PMC7194931", "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome as a complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Coen, Matteo", "Jeanson, Gregoire", "Culebras Almeida, L Alejandro", "Hubers, Annemarie", "Stierlin, Florian", "Najjar, Iris", "Ongaro, Marie", "Moulin, Kelly", "Makrygianni, Maria", "Leemann, Beatrice", "Kronig, Ilona", "Bertrand, Jerome", "Reny, Jean-Luc", "Schibler, Manuel", "Serratrice, Jacques"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360440", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236856, "pmcid": "PMC7110271", "title": "Ultra-high-resolution computed tomography can demonstrate alveolar collapse in novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Iwasawa, Tae", "Sato, Midori", "Yamaya, Takafumi", "Sato, Yozo", "Uchida, Yoshinori", "Kitamura, Hideya", "Hagiwara, Eri", "Komatsu, Shigeru", "Utsunomiya, Daisuke", "Ogura, Takashi"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236856", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To review the chest computed tomography (CT) findings on the ultra-high-resolution CT (U-HRCT) in patients with the Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In February 2020, six consecutive patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (median age, 69\u00a0years) underwent U-HR CT imaging. U-HR-CT has a larger matrix size of 1024\u2009\u00d7\u20091024 thinner slice thickness of 0.25\u00a0mm and can demonstrate terminal bronchioles in the normal lungs; as a result, Reid's secondary lobules and their abnormalities can be identified. The distribution and hallmarks (ground-glass opacity, consolidation with or without architectural distortion, linear opacity, crazy paving) of the lung opacities on U-HRCT were visually evaluated on a 1\u00a0K monitor by two experienced reviewers. The CT lung volume was measured, and the ratio of the measured lung volume to the predicted total lung capacity (predTLC) based on sex, age and height was calculated. All cases showed crazy paving pattern in U-HRCT. In these lesions, the secondary lobules were smaller than those in the un-affected lungs. CT lung volume decreased in two cases comparing predTLC. U-HRCT can evaluate not only the distribution and hallmarks of COVID-19 pneumonia but also visualize local lung volume loss."}, {"pmid": 32375787, "pmcid": "PMC7201390", "title": "Ensuring adequate health financing to prevent and control the COVID-19 in Iran.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Behzadifar, Masoud", "Ghanbari, Mahboubeh Khaton", "Bakhtiari, Ahad", "Behzadifar, Meysam", "Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375787", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On February 19th 2020, the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MoHME) has announced the first 2 cases of SARS-CoV-2, a novel emerging coronavirus which causes an infection termed as COVID-19, in Qom city. As such, the Iranian government, through the establishment of the \"National Headquarters for the management and control of the novel Coronavirus\", has started implementing policies and programs for the prevention and control of the virus. These measures include schools and universities closure, reduced working hours, and increased production and delivery of equipment such as masks, gloves and hygienic materials for sterile environments. The government has also made efforts to divulge high-quality information concerning the COVID-19 and to provide laboratories and hospitals with diagnostic kits and adequate resources to treat patients. However, despite such efforts, the number of cases and deaths has progressively increased with rising\u00a0trends in total confirmed cases\u00a0and deaths, as well as in\u00a0new daily cases and deaths associated with the COVID-19. Iran is a developing country and its economic infrastructure has been hit hardly by embargo and sanctions. While developed countries have allocated appropriate funding and are responding adequately to the COVID-19 pandemics, Iran has experienced a serious surge of cases and deaths and should strive to provide additional resources to the health system to make healthcare services more accessible\u00a0and to increase the fairness of that access. All relevant actors and stakeholders should work together to fight this disease."}, {"pmid": 32194981, "pmcid": "PMC7078228", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine, a less toxic derivative of chloroquine, is effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro.", "journal": "Cell Discov", "authors": ["Liu, Jia", "Cao, Ruiyuan", "Xu, Mingyue", "Wang, Xi", "Zhang, Huanyu", "Hu, Hengrui", "Li, Yufeng", "Hu, Zhihong", "Zhong, Wu", "Wang, Manli"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32194981", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464666, "title": "Federalism Complicates the Response to the COVID-19 Health and Economic Crisis: What Can Be Done?", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Huberfeld, Nicole", "Gordon, Sarah H", "Jones, David K"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464666", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Federalism has complicated the U.S. response to the novel coronavirus. States' actions to address the pandemic have varied widely, and federal and state officials have provided conflicting messages. This fragmented approach surely cost time and lives. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of under-investing in social programs, especially in certain communities. Second, many of the states with the deepest needs are poorly equipped to respond to emergencies due to low taxes and distrust of government, leading to inadequate infrastructure. These dynamics are not new, but they have been laid bare by this crisis. What can policymakers do to address the inequities in health and economic outcomes that federalism intensifies? The first section of this paper offers a case study, using the Mississippi Delta to illustrate the role of federalism in perpetuating the connection between place, health, and economics. The second section examines challenges that safety net programs will face moving beyond the acute phase of COVID-19. Our final section explores near-, middle-, and long-term policy options to mitigate federalism's harmful side effects."}, {"pmid": 32347323, "pmcid": "PMC7186535", "title": "Facing COVID-19 in the ICU: vascular dysfunction, thrombosis, and dysregulated inflammation.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Leisman, Daniel E", "Deutschman, Clifford S", "Legrand, Matthieu"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347323", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419524, "title": "Old and re-purposed drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther", "authors": ["Jean, Shio-Shin", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419524", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has developed since December 2019. It has caused a global pandemic with more than three hundred thousand case fatalities. However, apart from supportive care by respirators, no standard medical therapy is validated. This paper presents old drugs with potential in vitro efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. The in vitro database, adverse effects, and potential toxicities of these drugs are reviewed regarding their feasibility of clinical prescription for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. To obtain convincing recommendations, we referred to opinions from the US National Institute of Health regarding drugs repurposed for COVID-19 therapy. Although strong evidence of well-designed randomized controlled studies regarding COVID-19 therapy is presently lacking, remdesivir, teicoplanin, hydroxychloroquine (not in combination with azithromycin), and ivermectin might be effective antiviral drugs and are deemed promising candidates for controlling SARS-CoV-2. In addition, tocilizumab might be considered as the supplementary treatment for COVID-19 patients with cytokine release syndrome. In future, clinical trials regarding a combination of potentially effective drugs against SARS-CoV-2 need to be conducted to establish the optimal regimen for the treatment of patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32387323, "pmcid": "PMC7204719", "title": "Intensive care unit admissions for pregnant and nonpregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Blitz, Matthew J", "Grunebaum, Amos", "Tekbali, Asma", "Bornstein, Eran", "Rochelson, Burton", "Nimaroff, Michael", "Chervenak, Frank A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387323", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521194, "title": "Anatomising failure: there should be a statutory public inquiry into the UK Government's handling of COVID-19.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Clift, Ashley Kieran"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521194", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389704, "pmcid": "PMC7204693", "title": "Pain: A potential new label of COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Su, Si", "Cui, Huan", "Wang, Tao", "Shen, Xinhua", "Ma, Chao"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389704", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531329, "title": "COVID reverse transcriptase PCR in private laboratories: from theory to reality.", "journal": "Med Mal Infect", "authors": ["Autissier, M", "Guiraud, G", "Levy, Y"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531329", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534327, "title": "Unusual simultaneous cerebral infarcts in multiple arterial territories in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Guillan, Marta", "Villacieros-Alvarez, Javier", "Bellido, Sara", "Perez-Jorge Peremarch, Concepcion", "Suarez-Vega, Victor M", "Aragones-Garcia, Maria", "Cabrera-Rojo, Celina", "Fernandez-Ferro, Jose"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534327", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479233, "title": "Community Health Workers And COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Hansmann, Kellia J", "Kind, Amy J H"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479233", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426749, "pmcid": "PMC7188429", "title": "Neurologic Manifestations of Severe Respiratory Viral Contagions.", "journal": "Crit Care Explor", "authors": ["Robinson, Christopher P", "Busl, Katharina M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426749", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Endemic and pandemic viral respiratory infections have recently emerged as a critical topic of investigation given the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 outbreak. Data from such outbreaks indicate that severe systemic comorbidities including acute neurologic illness are associated with illness and lead to significant outcome differences. Herein, we will discuss the neurologic manifestations of severe viral respiratory infections including coronavirus, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, metapneumovirus, and enterovirus. PubMed and EMBASE were searched by two independent investigators up to March 2020. Data selection included preclinical and clinical studies detailing neurologic manifestations of viral respiratory infections. Two independent investigators reviewed and extracted the data. Neurologic manifestations including seizures, status epilepticus, encephalitis, critical illness neuromyopathy, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, acute necrotizing encephalitis, Guillan-Barr\u00e9 syndrome, transverse myelitis, and acute flaccid myelitis have all been associated with severe viral respiratory infections. Having an understanding of the direct neurotropism of such viruses is imperative to understanding pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and potential treatment paradigms aimed at improving morbidity and mortality."}, {"pmid": 32513456, "title": "Consensus document of the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC), the Spanish Society of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery (SEORL-CCC) and the Spanish Society of Anesthesiology and Resuscitation (SEDAR) on tracheotomy in patients with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp", "authors": ["Bernal-Sprekelsen, Manuel", "Aviles-Jurado, Francesc Xavier", "Alvarez Escudero, Julian", "Aldecoa Alvarez-Santuyano, Cesar", "de Haro Lopez, Candelaria", "Diaz de Cerio Canduela, Pedro", "Ferrandis Pereperez, Eduardo", "Ferrando Ortola, Carlos", "Ferrer Roca, Ricard", "Hernandez Tejedor, Alberto", "Lopez Alvarez, Fernando", "Monedero Rodriguez, Pablo", "Ortiz Suner, Andrea", "Parente Arias, Pablo", "Planas Roca, Antonio", "Plaza Mayor, Guillermo", "Rascado Sedes, Pedro", "Sistiaga Suarez, Jon Alexander", "Vera Ching, Claudia", "Villalonga Vadell, Rosa", "Martin Delgado, Maria Cruz"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513456", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has rendered up to 15% of patients under mechanical ventilation. Because the subsequent tracheotomy is a frequent procedure, the three societies mostly involved (SEMICYUC, SEDAR and SEORL-CCC) have setup a consensus paper that offers an overview about indications and contraindications of tracheotomy, be it by puncture or open, clarifying its respective advantages and enumerating the ideal conditions under which they should be performed, as well as the necessary steps. Regular and emergency situations are displayed together with the postoperative measures."}, {"pmid": 32315803, "pmcid": "PMC7166006", "title": "Preliminary therapeutic drug monitoring data of beta-lactams in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Novy, Emmanuel", "Scala-Bertola, Julien", "Roger, Claire", "Guerci, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315803", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467447, "title": "What's Important: Is \"Spring Training\" Necessary for Surgeons After a Long COVID-19 Off-Season?", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Schultz, Robert A", "Lachiewicz, Paul F"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467447", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330561, "pmcid": "PMC7172679", "title": "COVID-19 social distancing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Bold measures in the face of political, economic, social and religious challenges.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yezli, Saber", "Khan, Anas"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330561", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Social distancing at its various levels has been a key measure to mitigate the transmission of COVID-19. The implementation of strict measures for social distancing is challenging, including in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) due to its level of urbanization, its social and religious norms and its annual hosting of high visibility international religious mass gatherings. KSA started introducing decisive social distancing measures early before the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in the Kingdom. These ranged from suspension or cancelations of religious, entertainment and sporting mass gatherings and events such as the Umrah, temporary closure of educational establishments and mosques and postponing all non-essential gatherings, to imposing a curfew. These measures were taken in spite of their socio-economic, political and religious challenges in the interest of public and global health. The effect of these actions on the epidemic curve of the Kingdom and on the global fight against COVID-19 remains to be seen. However, given the current COVID-19 situation, further bold and probably unpopular measures are likely to be introduced in the future."}, {"pmid": 32100062, "pmcid": "PMC7079907", "title": "Challenges and countermeasures for organ donation during the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic: the experience of Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Pan, Lingai", "Zeng, Jie", "Yang, Hongji"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100062", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410772, "pmcid": "PMC7221369", "title": "Emerging pharmacotherapies for COVID-19.", "journal": "Biomed Pharmacother", "authors": ["Salvi, Rachana", "Patankar, Panini"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410772", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel Corona-virus Disease 2019 (nCOVID 19) is caused by a novel virulent corona virus and leads to potentially fatal virulent pneumonia and severe respiratory distress syndrome. It was initially declared as public health emergency if international concern by WHO followed by Pandemic on 12th March 2020. As of 10th April 2020, more than 1.5 million people are affected globally with around 95,000 deaths. Vaccines for this deadly virus are currently under development and many drugs used for other indications have been repurposed and investigated for prophylaxis and treatment of COVID 19. As per SOLIDARITY trial by WHO, some of the most promising candidates include chloroquine phosphate and hydroxychloroquine which are anti-malarial medications, Remdesivir, Lopinavir-Ritonavir combination with or without interferon which are anti-HIV drugs and convalescent plasma therapy. The current evidence of efficacy and ongoing research has been elaborated in the article. Besides, there has been evidence regarding inflammatory pathogenesis of this virus leading to cytokine storm in susceptible individuals. Thus, anti-proinflammatory cytokine drugs like Anakinra and Tocilizumab are undergoing multiple trials and some results are encouraging. Similarly, use of anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-37 and IL-38 is hypothesised to be useful and is under research. The situation is still evolving and hence there is yet no definitive therapy but to conclude the use of repurposed medications can be a boon till a definitive therapy and vaccines are developed."}, {"pmid": 32286558, "title": "COVID-19 Research in Brief: 4 April to 10 April, 2020.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Carvalho, Thiago"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286558", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425642, "pmcid": "PMC7233221", "title": "Pathways to COVID-19 'community protection'.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Marais, B J", "Sorrell, T C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425642", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321720, "title": "Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID).", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Giollo, Alessandro", "Adami, Giovanni", "Gatti, Davide", "Idolazzi, Luca", "Rossini, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321720", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359402, "pmcid": "PMC7252177", "title": "Considering BCG vaccination to reduce the impact of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Curtis, Nigel", "Sparrow, Annie", "Ghebreyesus, Tedros A", "Netea, Mihai G"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359402", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362428, "pmcid": "PMC7192575", "title": "Lessons learned from chest CT in COVID-19.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Imaging", "authors": ["Soyer, P"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362428", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496268, "title": "Wastewater monitoring and public health surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Manoj, Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496268", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297847, "pmcid": "PMC7180324", "title": "COVID-19 affects healthy pediatricians more than pediatric patients.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297847", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485854, "title": "COVID-19 Emergence and Social and Health Determinants in Colorado: A Rapid Spatial Analysis.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Ramirez, Ivan J", "Lee, Jieun"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485854", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this rapid analysis was to investigate the spatial patterns of COVID-19 emergence across counties in Colorado. In the U.S. West, Colorado has the second highest number of cases and deaths, second only to California. Colorado is also reporting, like other states, that communities of color and low-income persons are disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Using GIS and correlation analysis, this study explored COVID-19 incidence and deaths from March 14 to April 8, 2020, with social determinants and chronic conditions. Preliminary results demonstrate that COVID-19 incidence intensified in mountain communities west of Denver and along the Urban Front Range, and evolved into new centers of risk in eastern Colorado. Overall, the greatest increase in COVID-19 incidence was in northern Colorado, i.e., Weld County, which reported the highest rates in the Urban Front Range. Social and health determinants associated with higher COVID-19-related deaths were population density and asthma, indicative of urban areas, and poverty and unemployment, suggestive of rural areas. Furthermore, a spatial overlap of high rates of chronic diseases with high rates of COVID-19 may suggest a broader syndemic health burden, where comorbidities intersect with inequality of social determinants of health."}, {"pmid": 32454092, "pmcid": "PMC7245314", "title": "MICROVASCULAR THROMBOSIS: EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS.", "journal": "Transl Res", "authors": ["Bray, Monica A", "Sartain, Sarah A", "Gollamudi, Jahnavi", "Rumbaut, Rolando E"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454092", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A significant amount of clinical and research interest in thrombosis is focused on large vessels (eg, stroke, myocardial infarction, deep venous thrombosis, etc.); however, thrombosis is often present in the microcirculation in a variety of significant human diseases, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombotic microangiopathy, sickle cell disease, and others. Further, microvascular thrombosis has recently been demonstrated in patients with COVID-19, and has been proposed to mediate the pathogenesis of organ injury in this disease. In many of these conditions, microvascular thrombosis is accompanied by inflammation, an association referred to as thromboinflammation. In this review, we discuss endogenous regulatory mechanisms that prevent thrombosis in the microcirculation, experimental approaches to induce microvascular thrombi, and clinical conditions associated with microvascular thrombosis. A greater understanding of the links between inflammation and thrombosis in the microcirculation is anticipated to provide optimal therapeutic targets for patients with diseases accompanied by microvascular thrombosis."}, {"pmid": 32462783, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of surgeons and coping strategies.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Balasubramanian, Anusha", "Paleri, Vigneshwar", "Bennett, Robin", "Paleri, Vinidh"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462783", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Unprecedented times call for extraordinary measures. While surgeons across the globe try to comprehend the evolving facade of the COVID-19 pandemic and improvise surgical practice to the best of their ability, the psychological impact of the stress on their own mental health and well-being has been underestimated. This paper aims to review the indirect and overt factors that may affect the mental health of a surgeon in the present circumstances. Furthermore, it will aim to highlight key coping mechanisms at an individual and institutional level, so as to mitigate the negative psychological impact on surgeons."}, {"pmid": 32209231, "pmcid": "PMC7094376", "title": "Computers and viral diseases. Preliminary bioinformatics studies on the design of a synthetic vaccine and a preventative peptidomimetic antagonist against the SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV, COVID-19) coronavirus.", "journal": "Comput Biol Med", "authors": ["Robson, B"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209231", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper concerns study of the genome of the Wuhan Seafood Market isolate believed to represent the causative agent of the disease COVID-19. This is to find a short section or sections of viral protein sequence suitable for preliminary design proposal for a peptide synthetic vaccine and a peptidomimetic therapeutic, and to explore some design possibilities. The project was originally directed towards a use case for the Q-UEL language and its implementation in a knowledge management and automated inference system for medicine called the BioIngine, but focus here remains mostly on the virus itself. However, using Q-UEL systems to access relevant and emerging literature, and to interact with standard publically available bioinformatics tools on the Internet, did help quickly identify sequences of amino acids that are well conserved across many coronaviruses including 2019-nCoV. KRSFIEDLLFNKV was found to be particularly well conserved in this study and corresponds to the region around one of the known cleavage sites of the SARS virus that are believed to be required for virus activation for cell entry. This sequence motif and surrounding variations formed the basis for proposing a specific synthetic vaccine epitope and peptidomimetic agent. The work can, nonetheless, be described in traditional bioinformatics terms, and readily reproduced by others, albeit with the caveat that new data and research into 2019-nCoV is emerging and evolving at an explosive pace. Preliminary studies using molecular modeling and docking, and in that context the potential value of certain known herbal extracts, are also described."}, {"pmid": 32387671, "pmcid": "PMC7198142", "title": "Role of the chronic air pollution levels in the Covid-19 outbreak risk in Italy.", "journal": "Environ Pollut", "authors": ["Fattorini, Daniele", "Regoli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387671", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the initial outbreak in China, the diffusion in Italy of SARS-CoV-2 is exhibiting a clear regional trend with more elevated frequency and severity of cases in Northern areas. Among multiple factors possibly involved in such geographical differences, a role has been hypothesized for atmospheric pollution. We provide additional evidence on the possible influence of air quality, particularly in terms of chronicity of exposure on the spread viral infection in Italian regions. Actual data on Covid-19 outbreak in Italian provinces and corresponding long-term air quality evaluations, were obtained from Italian and European agencies, elaborated and tested for possible interactions. Our elaborations reveal that, beside concentrations, the chronicity of exposure may influence the anomalous variability of SARS-CoV-2 in Italy. Data on distribution of atmospheric pollutants (NO2, O3, PM2.5 and PM10) in Italian regions during the last 4 years, days exceeding regulatory limits, and years of the last decade (2010-2019) in which the limits have been exceeded for at least 35 days, highlight that Northern Italy has been constantly exposed to chronic air pollution. Long-term air-quality data significantly correlated with cases of Covid-19 in up to 71 Italian provinces (updated April 27, 2020) providing further evidence that chronic exposure to atmospheric contamination may represent a favourable context for the spread of the virus. Pro-inflammatory responses and high incidence of respiratory and cardiac affections are well known, while the capability of this coronavirus to bind particulate matters remains to be established. Atmospheric and environmental pollution should be considered as part of an integrated approach for sustainable development, human health protection and prevention of epidemic spreads but in a long-term and chronic perspective, since adoption of mitigation actions during a viral outbreak could be of limited utility."}, {"pmid": 32422305, "pmcid": "PMC7227533", "title": "Lungs as target of COVID-19 infection: Protective common molecular mechanisms of vitamin D and melatonin as a new potential synergistic treatment.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Martin Gimenez, Virna Margarita", "Inserra, Felipe", "Tajer, Carlos D", "Mariani, Javier", "Ferder, Leon", "Reiter, Russel J", "Manucha, Walter"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422305", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has a high mortality rate and is affecting practically the entire world population. The leading cause of death is severe acute respiratory syndrome as a consequence of exacerbated inflammatory response accompanied by uncontrolled oxidative stress as well as the inflammatory reaction at the lung level. Until now, there is not a specific and definitive treatment for this pathology that worries the world population, especially the older adults who constitute the main risk group. In this context, it results in a particular interest in the evaluation of the efficacy of existing pharmacological agents that may be used for overcoming or attenuating the severity of this pulmonary complication that has ended the lives of many people worldwide. Vitamin D and melatonin could be good options for achieving this aim, taking into account that they have many shared underlying mechanisms that are able to modulate and control the immune adequately and oxidative response against COVID-19 infection, possibly even through a synergistic interaction. The renin-angiotensin system exaltation with consequent inflammatory response has a leading role in the physiopathology of COVID-19 infection; and it may be down-regulated by vitamin D and melatonin in many organs. Therefore, it is also essential to analyze this potential therapeutic association and their relation with RAS as part of this new approach."}, {"pmid": 32270436, "pmcid": "PMC7140589", "title": "Detection of serum IgM and IgG for COVID-19 diagnosis.", "journal": "Sci China Life Sci", "authors": ["Zhong, Ling", "Chuan, Junlan", "Gong, Bo", "Shuai, Ping", "Zhou, Yu", "Zhang, Yi", "Jiang, Zhilin", "Zhang, Dingding", "Liu, Xiaoqi", "Ma, Shi", "Huang, Yi", "Lin, He", "Wang, Qingwei", "Huang, Lulin", "Jiang, Dan", "Hao, Fang", "Tang, Juan", "Zheng, Chunqi", "Yu, Hua", "Wang, Zhibin", "Jiang, Qi", "Zeng, Tao", "Luo, Mei", "Zeng, Fanwei", "Zeng, Fanxin", "Liu, Jianghai", "Tian, Junxi", "Xu, Yu", "Long, Tengxiang", "Xu, Kaiju", "Yang, Xingxiang", "Liu, Yuping", "Shi, Yi", "Jiang, Li", "Yang, Zhenglin"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270436", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372026, "pmcid": "PMC7199650", "title": "Impact of corticosteroid therapy on outcomes of persons with SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, or MERS-CoV infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Leukemia", "authors": ["Li, Huan", "Chen, Chongxiang", "Hu, Fang", "Wang, Jiaojiao", "Zhao, Qingyu", "Gale, Robert Peter", "Liang, Yang"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372026", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We performed a meta-analysis to determine safety and efficacy of corticosteroids in SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV infections. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, WanFang Chinese database, and ZhiWang Chinese database using Boolean operators and search terms covering SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, OR MERS-CoV AND corticosteroids to find appropriate studies. Review Manager 5.3 was used to analyze results of meta-analysis. Observational studies were analyzed for quality using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale and randomized clinical trials, using the Jadad scale. Subjects were divided into those with severe-only and other (severe and not severe) cohorts based on published criteria. Efficacy endpoints studied included mortality, hospitalization duration, rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission, use of mechanical ventilation, and a composite endpoint (death, ICU admission, or mechanical ventilation). We included 11 reports including 10 cohort studies and 1 randomized clinical trial involving 5249 subjects (2003-2020). Two discussed the association of corticosteroids and virus clearing and 10 explored how corticosteroids\u00a0impacted mortality, hospitalization duration, use of mechanical ventilation, and a composite endpoint. Corticosteroid use was associated with delayed virus clearing with a mean difference (MD)\u2009=\u20093.78 days (95% confidence Interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.16, 6.41 days; I2\u2009=\u20090%). There was no significant reduction in deaths with relative Risk Ratio (RR)\u2009=\u20091.07 (90% CI\u2009=\u20090.81; 1.42; I2\u2009=\u200980%). Hospitalization duration was prolonged and use of mechanical ventilation increased. In conclusion, corticosteroid use in subjects with SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV infections delayed virus clearing and did not convincingly improve survival, reduce hospitalization duration or ICU admission rate\u00a0and/or use of mechanical ventilation. There were several adverse effects. Because of a preponderance of observational studies in the dataset and selection and publication biases our conclusions, especially regarding SARS-CoV-2, need confirmation in a randomized clinical trial. In the interim we suggest caution using corticosteroids in persons with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32394997, "pmcid": "PMC7211621", "title": "Information Resource Orchestration during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Study of Community Lockdowns in China.", "journal": "Int J Inf Manage", "authors": ["Pan, Shan L", "Cui, Miao", "Qian, Jinfang"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394997", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has created significant challenges for people worldwide. To combat the virus, one of the most dramatic measures was the lockdown of 4 billion people in what is believed to be the largest quasi-quarantine in human history. As a response to the call to study information behavior during a global health crisis, we adopted a resource orchestration perspective to investigate six Chinese families who survived the lockdown. We explored how elderly, young and middle-aged individuals and children resourced information and how they adapted their information behavior to emerging online technologies. Two information resource orchestration practices (information resourcing activities and information behavior adaptation activities) and three mechanisms (online emergence and convergence in community resilience, the overcoming of information flow impediments, and the application of absorptive capacity) were identified in the study."}, {"pmid": 32366595, "title": "Acute anosmia from COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Pract Neurol", "authors": ["Mermelstein, Sofia"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366595", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534082, "title": "Outbreak of chilblain-like acral lesions in children in the metropolitan area of Milan, Italy, during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Colonna, Cristiana", "Genovese, Giovanni", "Monzani, Nicola Adriano", "Picca, Marina", "Boggio, Francesca", "Gianotti, Raffaele", "Marzano, Angelo Valerio"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534082", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224164, "pmcid": "PMC7271223", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes: Can DPP4 inhibition play a role?", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Iacobellis, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224164", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456769, "title": "Early tocilizumab treatment could improve survival among COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Campins, Lluis", "Boixeda, Ramon", "Perez-Cordon, Laia", "Aranega, Raquel", "Lopera, Carlos", "Force, Lluis"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456769", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396979, "title": "Practice change amidst the COVID-19 pandemic: Harnessing the momentum for expanding telehealth in transplant.", "journal": "Clin Transplant", "authors": ["Santos-Parker, Keli Siqueiros", "Santos-Parker, Jessica Renee", "Highet, Alexandra", "Montgomery, John Richard", "Wakam, Glenn Kham", "Sonnenday, Christopher J", "Waits, Seth A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271993, "pmcid": "PMC7262326", "title": "High prevalence of obesity in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Simonnet, Arthur", "Chetboun, Mikael", "Poissy, Julien", "Raverdy, Violeta", "Noulette, Jerome", "Duhamel, Alain", "Labreuche, Julien", "Mathieu, Daniel", "Pattou, Francois", "Jourdain, Merce"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271993", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly spreading worldwide, notably in Europe and North America where obesity is highly prevalent. The relation between obesity and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has not been fully documented. This retrospective cohort study analyzed the relationship between clinical characteristics, including BMI,\u00a0and the requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in 124 consecutive patients admitted in intensive care for SARS-CoV-2 in a single French center. Obesity (BMI\u2009>\u200930) and severe obesity (BMI\u2009>\u200935) were present in 47.6% and 28.2% of cases, respectively. Overall, 85 patients (68.6%) required IMV. The proportion of patients who required IMV increased with BMI categories (P\u2009<\u20090.01, \u03c72 test for trend), and it was greatest in patients with BMI\u2009>\u200935 (85.7%). In multivariate logistic regression, the need for IMV was significantly associated with male sex (P\u2009<\u20090.05) and BMI (P\u2009<\u20090.05), independent of age, diabetes, and hypertension. The odds ratio for IMV in patients with BMI\u2009>\u200935 versus patients with BMI\u2009<\u200925 was\u00a07.36 (1.63-33.14; P\u2009=\u20090.02). The present study showed a high frequency of obesity among patients admitted in intensive care for SARS-CoV-2. Disease severity increased with BMI. Obesity is a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 severity, requiring increased attention to preventive measures in susceptible individuals."}, {"pmid": 32338797, "pmcid": "PMC7267545", "title": "Head and neck cancer: high-risk population for COVID-19.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Yan, Flora", "Nguyen, Shaun A"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338797", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516839, "title": "Early experience with convalescent plasma as immunotherapy for COVID-19 in China: Knowns and unknowns.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Chen, Binzhen", "Xia, Rong"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516839", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the absence of a vaccine or specific drug treatment options for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), attention has been shifted in China to the possible therapeutic use of convalescent plasma. COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) is currently under investigation. We summarized clinical studies and other research data available as of May 5, 2020, on CCP therapy according to the Clinical Treatment Guideline of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma in China, as well as clinical experience at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, as part of a comprehensive anti-epidemic strategy. As of May 5, 2020, when the epidemic was well-controlled in China, healthcare databases and sources of English literature relating to convalescent plasma were searched and reviewed. Sources of clinical and methodological heterogeneity were identified. As of May 5, 2020, up to 2,000 samples of CCP had been collected across China and administered to 700 COVID-19 patients. From donors, 200-400 mL of plasma were collected at each donation, with antibody titers >1:160. We identified three clinical studies for COVID-19 in China. Analyses showed a statistically significant improvement in clinical outcomes compared with untreated cases (P<0.001). No adverse effects were reported. From initial studies, convalescent plasma therapy appears effective and safe for COVID-19. However, there is clearly a need for well-designed RCTs (randomized controlled trials) or other formal studies to further evaluate the efficacy and any potential adverse effects of CCP."}, {"pmid": 32248575, "title": "Natural products and their derivatives against coronavirus: A review of the non-clinical and pre-clinical data.", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Islam, Muhammad T", "Sarkar, Chandan", "El-Kersh, Dina M", "Jamaddar, Sarmin", "Uddin, Shaikh J", "Shilpi, Jamil A", "Mubarak, Mohammad S"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248575", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several corona viral infections have created serious threats in the last couple of decades claiming the death of thousands of human beings. Recently, corona viral epidemic raised the issue of developing effective antiviral agents at the earliest to prevent further losses. Natural products have always played a crucial role in drug development process against various diseases, which resulted in screening of such agents to combat emergent mutants of corona virus. This review focuses on those natural compounds that showed promising results against corona viruses. Although inhibition of viral replication is often considered as a general mechanism for antiviral activity of most of the natural products, studies have shown that some natural products can interact with key viral proteins that are associated with virulence. In this context, some of the natural products have antiviral activity in the nanomolar concentration (e.g., lycorine, homoharringtonine, silvestrol, ouabain, tylophorine, and 7-methoxycryptopleurine) and could be leads for further drug development on their own or as a template for drug design. In addition, a good number of natural products with anti-corona virus activity are the major constituents of some common dietary supplements, which can be exploited to improve the immunity of the general population in certain epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32329600, "title": "Reusable and Recyclable Graphene Masks with Outstanding Superhydrophobic and Photothermal Performances.", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Zhong, Hong", "Zhu, Zhaoran", "Lin, Jing", "Cheung, Chi Fai", "Lu, Vivien L", "Yan, Feng", "Chan, Ching-Yuen", "Li, Guijun"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329600", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus outbreak (COVID-19) is affecting over 210 countries and territories, and it is spreading mainly by respiratory droplets. The use of disposable surgical masks is common for patients, doctors, and even the general public in highly risky areas. However, the current surgical masks cannot self-sterilize in order to reuse or be recycled for other applications. The resulting high economic and environmental costs are further damaging societies worldwide. Herein, we reported a unique method for functionalizing commercially available surgical masks with outstanding self-cleaning and photothermal properties. A dual-mode laser-induced forward transfer method was developed for depositing few-layer graphene onto low-melting temperature nonwoven masks. Superhydrophobic states were observed on the treated masks' surfaces, which can cause the incoming aqueous droplets to bounce off. Under sunlight illumination, the surface temperature of the functional mask can quickly increase to over 80 \u00b0C, making the masks reusable after sunlight sterilization. In addition, this graphene-coated mask can be recycled directly for use in solar-driven desalination with outstanding salt-rejection performance for long-term use. These roll-to-roll production-line-compatible masks can provide us with better protection against this severe virus. The environment can also benefit from the direct recycling of these masks, which can be used for desalinating seawater."}, {"pmid": 32493738, "title": "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Chahar, Praveen", "Marciniak, Donn"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493738", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is extremely transmissible. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is associated with multiple aerosol-generating procedures including chest compression, positive pressure ventilation, and airway manipulation. Healthcare providers who perform CPR are at high risk of contracting COVID-19. CPR in patients with suspected or proven COVID-19 must be performed without compromising the safety of healthcare providers. An overview of special considerations."}, {"pmid": 32521760, "title": "Diet Supplementation, Probiotics, and Nutraceuticals in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Scoping Review.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Infusino, Fabio", "Marazzato, Massimiliano", "Mancone, Massimo", "Fedele, Francesco", "Mastroianni, Claudio Maria", "Severino, Paolo", "Ceccarelli, Giancarlo", "Santinelli, Letizia", "Cavarretta, Elena", "Marullo, Antonino G M", "Miraldi, Fabio", "Carnevale, Roberto", "Nocella, Cristina", "Biondi-Zoccai, Giuseppe", "Pagnini, Cristiano", "Schiavon, Sonia", "Pugliese, Francesco", "Frati, Giacomo", "d'Ettorre, Gabriella"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521760", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2) global pandemic is a devastating event that is causing thousands of victims every day around the world. One of the main reasons of the great impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on society is its unexpected spread, which has not allowed an adequate preparation. The scientific community is fighting against time for the production of a vaccine, but it is difficult to place a safe and effective product on the market as fast as the virus is spreading. Similarly, for drugs that can directly interfere with viral pathways, their production times are long, despite the great efforts made. For these reasons, we analyzed the possible role of non-pharmacological substances such as supplements, probiotics, and nutraceuticals in reducing the risk of Sars-CoV-2 infection or mitigating the symptoms of COVID-19. These substances could have numerous advantages in the current circumstances, are generally easily available, and have negligible side effects if administered at the already used and tested dosages. Large scientific evidence supports the benefits that some bacterial and molecular products may exert on the immune response to respiratory viruses. These could also have a regulatory role in systemic inflammation or endothelial damage, which are two crucial aspects of COVID-19. However, there are no specific data available, and rigorous clinical trials should be conducted to confirm the putative benefits of diet supplementation, probiotics, and nutraceuticals in the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32490520, "title": "Letter: Hemorrhagic Conditions Affecting the Central Nervous System in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Garcia-Garcia, Sergio", "Cepeda, Santiago", "Arrese, Ignacio", "Sarabia, Rosario"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490520", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358555, "title": "Screams on a Zoom call: the theory of homeworking with kids meets reality.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Mahul-Mellier, Anne-Laure"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358555", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268044, "title": "Protecting Our Longevity Dividend During Covid-19", "journal": "Ir Med J", "authors": ["O'Neill, D"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268044", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344202, "pmcid": "PMC7161485", "title": "Impact of immune enhancement on Covid-19 polyclonal hyperimmune globulin therapy and vaccine development.", "journal": "EBioMedicine", "authors": ["de Alwis, Ruklanthi", "Chen, Shiwei", "Gan, Esther S", "Ooi, Eng Eong"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344202", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic spread of a novel coronavirus - SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a cause of acute respiratory illness, named Covid-19, is placing the healthcare systems of many countries under unprecedented stress. Global economies are also spiraling towards a recession in fear of this new life-threatening disease. Vaccines that prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and therapeutics that reduces the risk of severe Covid-19 are thus urgently needed. A rapid method to derive antiviral treatment for Covid-19 is the use of convalescent plasma derived hyperimmune globulin. However, both hyperimmune globulin and vaccine development face a common hurdle - the risk of antibody-mediated disease enhancement. The goal of this review is to examine the body of evidence supporting the hypothesis of immune enhancement that could be pertinent to Covid-19. We also discuss how this risk could be mitigated so that both hyperimmune globulin and vaccines could be rapidly translated to overcome the current global health crisis."}, {"pmid": 32386264, "pmcid": "PMC7273052", "title": "CLUE: COVID-19 Lung Ultrasound in Emergency Department.", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["Manivel, Vijay", "Lesnewski, Andrew", "Shamim, Simin", "Carbonatto, Genevieve", "Govindan, Thiru"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386264", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412984, "title": "Well-Being During Coronavirus Disease 2019: A PICU Practical Perspective.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Donnelly, Peter D", "Davidson, Mark", "Dunlop, Neil", "McGale, Marie", "Milligan, Eileen", "Worrall, Mark", "Wylie, Joanne", "Kidson, Christopher"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412984", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The importance of promoting well-being for healthcare professionals has never been as important as during the current coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. It is recognized that the concept of well-being is a multifaceted phenomenon which is influenced by individual, team, and system characteristics. We outline an approach to practically initiating supportive strategies within the PICU using a well-being approach to improve baseline resilience alongside an acute rescue strategy utilizing a peer-support network. These strategies are practical interventions and we share them with the aim of encouraging the international PICU community to use these or other strategies to support their teams. We encourage shared learning and collaboration during these difficult times."}, {"pmid": 32444222, "pmcid": "PMC7236669", "title": "Severe neutropenia in infants with severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by the novel coronavirus 2019 infection.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Venturini, Elisabetta", "Palmas, Giordano", "Montagnani, Carlotta", "Chiappini, Elena", "Citera, Francesco", "Astorino, Valeria", "Trapani, Sandra", "Galli, Luisa"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444222", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378030, "pmcid": "PMC7202903", "title": "COVID-19-Related Stroke.", "journal": "Transl Stroke Res", "authors": ["Hess, David C", "Eldahshan, Wael", "Rutkowski, Elizabeth"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378030", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with neurological symptoms and complications including stroke. There is hypercoagulability associated with COVID-19 that is likely a \"sepsis-induced coagulopathy\" and may predispose to stroke. The SARS-CoV-2 virus binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) present on brain endothelial and smooth muscle cells. ACE2 is a key part of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) and a counterbalance to angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1) and angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is proinflammatory, is vasoconstrictive, and promotes organ damage. Depletion of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2 may tip the balance in favor of the \"harmful\" ACE1/angiotensin II axis and promote tissue injury including stroke. There is a rationale to continue to treat with tissue plasminogen activator for COVID-19-related stroke and low molecular weight heparinoids may reduce thrombosis and mortality in sepsis-induced coagulopathy."}, {"pmid": 32329231, "pmcid": "PMC7264501", "title": "Direct oral anticoagulant plasma levels' striking increase in severe COVID-19 respiratory syndrome patients treated with antiviral agents: The Cremona experience.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Testa, Sophie", "Prandoni, Paolo", "Paoletti, Oriana", "Morandini, Rossella", "Tala, Maurizio", "Dellanoce, Claudia", "Giorgi-Pierfranceschi, Matteo", "Betti, Monia", "Battista Danzi, Gian", "Pan, Angelo", "Palareti, Gualtiero"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329231", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Antiviral drugs are administered in patients with severe COVID-19 respiratory syndrome, including those treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Concomitant administration of antiviral agents has the potential to increase their plasma concentration. A series of patients managed in the Cremona Thrombosis Center were admitted at Cremona Hospital for SARS-CoV-2 and started antiviral drugs without stopping DOAC therapy. DOAC plasma levels were measured in hospital and results compared with those recorded before hospitalization. All consecutive patients on DOACs were candidates for administration of antiviral agents (lopinavir, ritonavir, or darunavir). Plasma samples for DOAC measurement were collected 2to 4\u00a0days after starting antiviral treatment, at 12\u00a0hours from the last dose intake in patients on dabigatran and apixaban, and at 24\u00a0hours in those on rivaroxaban and edoxaban. For each patient, C-trough DOAC level, expressed as ng/mL, was compared with the one measured before hospitalization. Of the 1039 patients hospitalized between February 22 and March 15, 2020 with COVID-19 pneumonia\u00a0and candidates for antiviral therapy, 32 were on treatment with a DOAC. DOAC was stopped in 20 and continued in the remaining 12. On average, C-trough levels were 6.14 times higher during hospitalization than in the pre-hospitalization period. DOAC patients treated with antiviral drugs show an alarming increase in DOAC plasma levels. In order to prevent bleeding complications, we believe that physicians should consider withholding DOACs from patients with SARS-CoV-2 and replacing them with alternative parenteral antithrombotic strategies for as long as antiviral agents are deemed necessary and until discharge."}, {"pmid": 32367319, "pmcid": "PMC7197034", "title": "Artificial intelligence to codify lung CT in Covid-19 patients.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Belfiore, Maria Paola", "Urraro, Fabrizio", "Grassi, Roberta", "Giacobbe, Giuliana", "Patelli, Gianluigi", "Cappabianca, Salvatore", "Reginelli, Alfonso"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367319", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already assumed pandemic proportions, affecting over 100 countries in few weeks. A global response is needed to prepare health systems worldwide. Covid-19 can be diagnosed both on chest X-ray and on computed tomography (CT). Asymptomatic patients may also have lung lesions on imaging. CT investigation in patients with suspicion Covid-19 pneumonia involves the use of the high-resolution technique (HRCT). Artificial intelligence (AI) software has been employed to facilitate CT diagnosis. AI software must be useful categorizing the disease into different severities, integrating the structured report, prepared according to subjective considerations, with quantitative, objective assessments of the extent of the lesions. In this communication, we present an example of a good tool for the radiologist (Thoracic VCAR software, GE Healthcare, Italy) in Covid-19 diagnosis (Pan et al. in Radiology, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200370). Thoracic VCAR offers quantitative measurements of the lung involvement. Thoracic VCAR can generate a clear, fast and concise report that communicates vital medical information to referring physicians. In the post-processing phase, software, thanks to the help of a colorimetric map, recognizes the ground glass and differentiates it from consolidation and quantifies them as a percentage with respect to the healthy parenchyma. AI software therefore allows to accurately calculate the volume of each of these areas. Therefore, keeping in mind that CT has high diagnostic sensitivity in identifying lesions, but not specific for Covid-19 and similar to other infectious viral diseases, it is mandatory to have an AI software that expresses objective evaluations of the percentage of ventilated lung parenchyma compared to the affected one."}, {"pmid": 32395690, "pmcid": "PMC7184362", "title": "COVID-19: Advice from the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology for Endoscopy Facilities, as of March 16, 2020.", "journal": "J Can Assoc Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Tse, Frances", "Borgaonkar, Mark", "Leontiadis, Grigorios I"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395690", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353440, "pmcid": "PMC7185911", "title": "Adult Cardiac Surgery and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Aggressive Infection Mitigation Strategies are Necessary in the Operating Room and Surgical Recovery.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Engelman, Daniel T", "Lother, Sylvain", "George, Isaac", "Funk, Duane J", "Ailawadi, Gorav", "Atluri, Pavan", "Grant, Michael C", "Haft, Jonathan W", "Hassan, Ansar", "Legare, Jean-Francois", "Whitman, Glenn", "Arora, Rakesh C"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353440", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates aggressive infection mitigation strategies to reduce the risk to patients and healthcare providers. This document is intended to provide a framework for the adult cardiac surgeon to consider in this rapidly changing environment. Pre, intra, and post-operative detailed protective measures are outlined. These are guidance recommendations during a pandemic surge to be utilized for ALL patients while local COVID-19 disease burden remains elevated."}, {"pmid": 32419658, "title": "COVID-19 and Long-Term Care Policy for Older People in Canada.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Beland, Daniel", "Marier, Patrik"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419658", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Older people are especially vulnerable to COVID-19, including and especially people living in long-term care facilities. In this Perspective, we discuss the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on long-term care policy in Canada. More specifically, we use the example of recent developments in Quebec, where a tragedy in a specific facility is acting as a dramatic \"focusing event\". It draws attention to the problems facing long-term care facilities, considering existing policy legacies and the opening of a \"policy window\" that may facilitate comprehensive reforms in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32435934, "pmcid": "PMC7238716", "title": "Flowchart for non-invasive ventilation support in COVID-19 patients from a northern Italy Emergency Department.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Privitera, Daniele", "Angaroni, Laura", "Capsoni, Nicolo", "Forni, Elisa", "Pierotti, Federico", "Vincenti, Fabrizio", "Bellone, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435934", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the rapid pandemic spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2), Emergency Departments of affected countries are facing an increasing number of patients presenting with hypoxemic respiratory failure due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Providing mechanical support and endotracheal intubation can be challenging due to a number of patients larger than usual, often exceeding available resources. Considering the lack of recommendations available, we developed a flowchart to standardize the first approach to patients presenting to the Emergency Department with hypoxemic respiratory failure due to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32417756, "title": "Covid-19: Mental health services must be boosted to deal with \"tsunami\" of cases after lockdown.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417756", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353545, "pmcid": "PMC7184976", "title": "Persistence of intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with COVID-19 leads to re-admission after pneumonia resolved.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Xiaorong", "Zhou, Yaya", "Jiang, Nanchuan", "Zhou, Qiong", "Ma, Wan-Li"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353545", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current reports of COVID-19 focus on the respiratory system, however, intestinal infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 are also worthy of attention. This paper reported persistence of intestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to re-admission after pneumonia resolved in three cases with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32268719, "title": "Intubation and mechanical ventilation of patients with COVID-19: what should we tell them?", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Zareifopoulos, Nicholas", "Lagadinou, Maria", "Karela, Anastasia", "Karantzogiannis, Gerasimos", "Velissaris, Dimitrios"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268719", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe COVID-19 illness is characterised by the development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), for which the mainstay of treatment is represented by mechanical ventilation. Mortality associated with ARDS due to other causes is in the range of 40-60%, but currently available data are not yet sufficient to draw safe conclusions on the prognosis of COVID-19 patients who require mechanical ventilation. Based on data from cohorts of the related coronavirus-associated illnesses, that is to say Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), prognosis would seem to be worse than ARDS due to other causes such as trauma and other infections. Discussion of prognosis is central to obtaining informed consent for intubation, but in the absence of definitive data it is not clear exactly what this discussion should entail."}, {"pmid": 32423917, "title": "COVID-19 as an Acute Inflammatory Disease.", "journal": "J Immunol", "authors": ["Manjili, Rose H", "Zarei, Melika", "Habibi, Mehran", "Manjili, Masoud H"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423917", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has created an unprecedented global crisis for the infrastructure sectors, including economic, political, healthcare, education, and research systems. Although over 90% of infected individuals are asymptomatic or manifest noncritical symptoms and will recover from the infection, those individuals presenting with critical symptoms are in urgent need of effective treatment options. Emerging data related to mechanism of severity and potential therapies for patients presenting with severe symptoms are scattered and therefore require a comprehensive analysis to focus research on developing effective therapeutics. A critical literature review suggests that the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with dysregulation of inflammatory immune responses, which in turn inhibits the development of protective immunity to the infection. Therefore, the use of therapeutics that modulate inflammation without compromising the adaptive immune response could be the most effective therapeutic strategy."}, {"pmid": 32369578, "title": "Molecular testing for acute respiratory tract infections: clinical and diagnostic recommendations from the IDSA's Diagnostics Committee.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hanson, Kimberly E", "Azar, Marwan M", "Banerjee, Ritu", "Chou, Andrew", "Colgrove, Robert C", "Ginocchio, Christine C", "Hayden, Mary K", "Holodiny, Mark", "Jain, Seema", "Koo, Sophia", "Levy, Jaclyn", "Timbrook, Tristan T", "Caliendo, Angela M"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369578", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical signs and symptoms of acute respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are not pathogen specific. Highly sensitive and specific nucleic acid amplification tests have become the diagnostic reference standard for viruses and translation of bacterial assays from basic research to routine clinical practice represents an exciting advance in respiratory medicine. Most recently, molecular diagnostics have played an essential role in the global health response to the novel coronavirus pandemic. How best to use newer molecular tests for RTI in combination with clinical judgment and traditional methods can be bewildering given the plethora of available assays and rapidly evolving technologies. Here, we summarize the current state of the art with respect to the diagnosis of viral and bacterial RTIs, provide a practical framework for diagnostic decision-making using selected patient-centered vignettes, and make recommendations for future studies to advance the field."}, {"pmid": 32277997, "pmcid": "PMC7194897", "title": "A tale of two pandemics: How will COVID-19 and global trends in physical inactivity and sedentary behavior affect one another?", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Hall, Grenita", "Laddu, Deepika R", "Phillips, Shane A", "Lavie, Carl J", "Arena, Ross"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277997", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352363, "title": "Egypt's groundwork blessing during the COVID-19 pandemic curse: Rheumatologic experience.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Gheita, Tamer A", "Kenawy, Sanaa A"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352363", "countries": ["Egypt"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492353, "title": "Preparing for COVID-19 Related Drug Shortages.", "journal": "Ann Am Thorac Soc", "authors": ["Shuman, Andrew G", "Fox, Erin", "Unguru, Yoram"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492353", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423663, "pmcid": "PMC7196420", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on the early detection of oral cancer: A special emphasis on high risk populations.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Al-Maweri, Sadeq Ali", "Halboub, Esam", "Warnakulasuriya, Saman"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423663", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368701, "pmcid": "PMC7196556", "title": "COVID-19-Associated Collapsing Glomerulopathy: An Emerging Entity.", "journal": "Kidney Int Rep", "authors": ["Nasr, Samih H", "Kopp, Jeffrey B"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368701", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283162, "pmcid": "PMC7195072", "title": "Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Yuwei", "Du, Xuebei", "Chen, Jing", "Jin, Yalei", "Peng, Li", "Wang, Harry H X", "Luo, Mingqi", "Chen, Ling", "Zhao, Yan"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283162", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several studies have described the clinical characteristics of patients with novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infected pneumonia (COVID-19), indicating severe patients tended to have higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Whether baseline NLR could be an independent predictor of in-hospital death in Chinese COVID-19 patients remains to be investigated. A cohort of patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University from January 1 to February 29 was retrospectively analyzed. The baseline data of laboratory examinations, including NLR, were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were developed to assess the independent relationship between the baseline NLR and in-hospital all-cause death. A sensitivity analysis was performed by converting NLR from a continuous variable to a categorical variable according to tertile. Interaction and stratified analyses were conducted as well. 245 COVID-19 patients were included in the final analyses, and the in-hospital mortality was 13.47%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that there was 8% higher risk of in-hospital mortality for each unit increase in NLR (Odds ratio [OR]\u202f=\u202f1.08; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.01 to 1.14; P\u202f=\u202f0.0147). Compared with patients in the lowest tertile, the NLR of patients in the highest tertile had a 15.04-fold higher risk of death (OR\u202f=\u202f16.04; 95% CI, 1.14 to 224.95; P\u202f=\u202f0.0395) after adjustment for potential confounders. Notably, the fully adjusted OR for mortality was 1.10 in males for each unit increase of NLR (OR\u202f=\u202f1.10; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.19; P\u202f=\u202f0.016). NLR is an independent risk factor of the in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 patients especially for male. Assessment of NLR may help identify high risk individuals with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32385662, "pmcid": "PMC7207982", "title": "Reply to: COVID-19 Digestive Symptoms Mimicking Internal Hernia Presentation After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass; Comment on \"Internal Hernia in the Times of COVID-19: to Laparoscope or Not to Laparoscope?\"", "journal": "Obes Surg", "authors": ["Singhal, Rishi"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385662", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461324, "title": "Digital contact tracing for COVID-19.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Kleinman, Robert A", "Merkel, Colin"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461324", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366282, "pmcid": "PMC7198236", "title": "Liver injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a case series.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Cardoso, Filipe S", "Pereira, Rui", "Germano, Nuno"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366282", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216872, "pmcid": "PMC7101232", "title": "Mitigating the impact of conference and travel cancellations on researchers' futures.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Weissgerber, Tracey", "Bediako, Yaw", "de Winde, Charlotte M", "Ebrahimi, Hedyeh", "Fernandez-Chiappe, Florencia", "Ilangovan, Vinodh", "Mehta, Devang", "Paz Quezada, Carolina", "Riley, Julia L", "Saladi, Shyam M", "Sarabipour, Sarvenaz", "Tay, Andy"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216872", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The need to protect public health during the current COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated conference cancellations on an unprecedented scale. As the scientific community adapts to new working conditions, it is important to recognize that some of our actions may disproportionately affect early-career researchers and scientists from countries with limited research funding. We encourage all conference organizers, funders and institutions who are able to do so to consider how they can mitigate the unintended consequences of conference and travel cancellations and we provide seven recommendations for how this could be achieved. The proposed solutions may also offer long-term benefits for those who normally cannot attend conferences, and thus lead to a more equitable future for generations of researchers."}, {"pmid": 32166600, "pmcid": "PMC7089477", "title": "China's local governments are combating COVID-19 with unprecedented responses - from a Wenzhou governance perspective.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Gong, Fanghua", "Xiong, Yong", "Xiao, Jian", "Lin, Li", "Liu, Xiaodong", "Wang, Dezhong", "Li, Xiaokun"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32166600", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 caused by a novel strain of coronavirus has been spreading rapidly since its occurrence in December 2019. It is highly communicable through human-to-human transmission. China has been making unprecedented efforts in treating the confirmed cases, identifying and isolating their close contacts and suspected cases to control the source of infection and cut the route of transmission. China's devotion in handling this epidemic has effectively and efficiently curbed communication domestically and across the border. Representative measures adopted by Wenzhou, the worst hit city out of Hubei Province, are examined to elucidate those massive undertakings with the aim of enhancing international understanding and building global rapport in fighting this evolving epidemic situation."}, {"pmid": 32473902, "pmcid": "PMC7245264", "title": "Letter in response to the article: Comorbidities in COVID-19: Outcomes in hypertensive cohort and controversies with renin angiotensin system blockers (Singh et al.).", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Mahajan, Kunal", "Gaur, Naresh"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473902", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344401, "pmcid": "PMC7251566", "title": "COVID-19: Possible Impact of the Genetic Background in IFNL Genes on Disease Outcomes.", "journal": "J Innate Immun", "authors": ["Mihm, Sabine"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344401", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520846, "title": "Review of Chest Radiograph Findings of COVID-19 Pneumonia and Suggested Reporting Language.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Litmanovich, Diana E", "Chung, Michael", "R Kirkbride, Rachael", "Kicska, Gregory", "P Kanne, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520846", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The utility of chest radiography (CXR) remains an evolving topic of discussion. Current reports of CXR findings related to COVID-19 contain varied terminology as well as various assessments of its sensitivity and specificity. This can lead to a misunderstanding of CXR reports and makes comparison between examinations and research studies challenging. With this need for consistency, we propose language for standardized CXR reporting and severity assessment of persons under investigation for having COVID-19, patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, and patients who may have radiographic findings typical or suggestive of COVID-19 when the diagnosis is not suspected clinically. We recommend contacting the referring providers to discuss the likelihood of viral infection when typical or indeterminate features of COVID-19 pneumonia on CXR are present as an incidental finding. In addition, we summarize the currently available literature related to the use of CXR for COVID-19 and discuss the evolving techniques of obtaining CXR in COVID-19-positive patients. The recently published expert consensus statement on reporting chest computed tomography findings related to COVID-19, endorsed by the Radiological Society of North American (RSNA), the Society of Thoracic Radiology (STR), and American College of Radiology (ACR), serves as the framework for our proposal."}, {"pmid": 32341513, "title": "Coronavirus pushes education online.", "journal": "Nat Mater", "authors": ["Sun, Litao", "Tang, Yongming", "Zuo, Wei"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341513", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515125, "title": "Between Fear and Courage: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Behavior of Liver Transplantation Recipients and Waiting List Candidates during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Reuken, Philipp Alexander", "Rauchfuss, Falk", "Albers, Stefanie", "Settmacher, Utz", "Trautwein, Christian", "Bruns, Tony", "Stallmach, Andreas"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515125", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with chronic liver disease and patients after solid organ transplantation (SOT) are vulnerable to severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). We evaluated fears, attitudes, and opinions associated with COVID-19 in 365 SOT recipients (95% liver, 5% pancreas/kidney), 112 SOT candidates, and 394 immediate household contacts in two German transplant centers. Seven (1.5%) patients and 10 (2.5%) controls had contact to confirmed COVID-19 cases. Fear of infection with SARS-CoV-2 was expressed by 65% SOT recipients and by 55% SOT candidates. SOT recipients had higher levels of fear of infection and more often wore personal protective gear than household controls. Female gender, steroid treatment, and using the local newspaper as a primary source of information were independently associated with expressed fear of infection in SOT recipients. Younger age and more recent transplantation correlated with concerns of severe COVID-19 expressed by patients and with concerns of worse medical care expressed by household controls. One third of the patients expressed fear that immunosuppression could worsen COVID-19 but only 15% used the transplantation center as a source of information. These data show that fears associated with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic are frequently expressed but measures to prevent infection are frequently followed patients before and after SOT."}, {"pmid": 32527753, "title": "Covid-19: Appropriate PPE prevents infections in doctors in frontline roles, study shows.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527753", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32094589, "pmcid": "PMC7095430", "title": "Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses.", "journal": "Nat Microbiol", "authors": ["Letko, Michael", "Marzi, Andrea", "Munster, Vincent"], "date": "2020-02-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32094589", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over the past 20\u2009years, several coronaviruses have crossed the species barrier into humans, causing outbreaks of severe, and often fatal, respiratory illness. Since SARS-CoV was first identified in animal markets, global viromics projects have discovered thousands of coronavirus sequences in diverse animals and geographic regions. Unfortunately, there are few tools available to functionally test these viruses for their ability to infect humans, which has severely hampered efforts to predict the next zoonotic viral outbreak. Here, we developed an approach to rapidly screen lineage B betacoronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and the recent SARS-CoV-2, for receptor usage and their ability to infect cell types from different species. We show that host protease processing during viral entry is a significant barrier for several lineage B viruses and that bypassing this barrier allows several lineage B viruses to enter human cells through an unknown receptor. We also demonstrate how different lineage B viruses can recombine to gain entry into human cells, and confirm that human ACE2 is the receptor for the recently emerging SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32277964, "pmcid": "PMC7194556", "title": "Sterilization of disposable face masks by means of standardized dry and steam sterilization processes; an alternative in the fight against mask shortages due to COVID-19.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["de Man, P", "van Straten, B", "van den Dobbelsteen, J", "van der Eijk, A", "Horeman, T", "Koeleman, H"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277964", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417446, "pmcid": "PMC7224677", "title": "Health and Economic Outcomes of Home Maintenance Allergen Immunotherapy in Select Patients with High Health Literacy during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis During Exceptional Times.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract", "authors": ["Shaker, Marcus S", "Mosnaim, Giselle", "Oppenheimer, John", "Stukus, David", "Abrams, Elissa M", "Greenhawt, Matthew"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417446", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is safe and effective but is typically administered under strict clinic observation to mitigate the risk of a systemic reaction to immunotherapy (SRIT). However, in the setting of the global coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, alternative care models should be explored. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of home immunotherapy self-administration (HITSA) in a highly idealized circumstance for provision of maintenance AIT in a shelter-in-place or other scenarios of unforeseen reduction in nonessential medical services. Markov modeling was used to compare in-office clinic AIT in selected patients using cohort analysis and microsimulation from the societal and health care perspectives. Assuming similar SRIT rates, HITSA was found to be a cost-effective option with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $44,554/quality-adjusted life-year when considering both incremental epinephrine autoinjector costs and coronavirus disease 2019 risks. Excluding epinephrine autoinjector costs, HISTA dominated other options. However, outside of pandemic considerations, HITSA was not cost-effective (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, $198,877,286) at annual epinephrine autoinjector costs above $287. As the incremental HITSA SRIT rate increased above 15%, clinic AIT was the most cost-effective strategy. Excluding both pandemic risks and risk of motor vehicle accident fatality from round-trip clinic transit, clinic AIT dominated other strategies. Clinic AIT was the more cost-effective option at very high fatality relative risk for HITSA or at very low annual risk of contracting coronavirus disease\u00a02019. Under idealized assumptions HITSA can be a safe and cost-effective option during a global pandemic in appropriately selected patients provided home rates of SRIT remain stable."}, {"pmid": 32438382, "title": "Challenges of virtual talking therapies for substance misuse in New Zealand during the COVID-19 pandemic: an opinion piece.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Galea-Singer, Susanna", "Newcombe, David", "Farnsworth-Grodd, Virginia", "Sheridan, Janie", "Adams, Peter", "Walker, Natalie"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438382", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic requires us to rethink how virtual approaches might work for people who use alcohol and other drugs. Are virtual clinics only suitable for clients with whom clinicians have already formed a therapeutic relationship? How well would virtual clinics work for new clients presenting to services, for clients in acute distress, and for those with complex problems? Addressing the sustained change required to maintain substance-free lives or a safe substance-use life requires robust psychotherapeutic approaches, which have traditionally been delivered through physical contact, whether they are one-to-one or group-based interventions. The challenge during this time of the COVID-19 pandemic is to deliver effective talking therapies while avoiding physical contact. How then should services continue to offer counselling and support in such an environment? How can we learn from the COVID-19 situation to deliver treatment to individuals who may have difficulties attending traditional clinic-based care, such as those in more rural areas with transport difficulties? This article focuses on identifying practical issues and providing some solutions."}, {"pmid": 32384153, "pmcid": "PMC7239256", "title": "Rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 by low volume real-time single tube reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification using an exo probe with an internally linked quencher (exo-IQ).", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Behrmann, Ole", "Bachmann, Iris", "Spiegel, Martin", "Schramm, Marina", "El Wahed, Ahmed Abd", "Dobler, Gerhard", "Dame, Gregory", "Hufert, Frank T"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384153", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has spread to almost every country with more than three million confirmed cases and over two hundred thousand deaths as of April 28, 2020. Rapid first-line testing protocols are needed for outbreak control and surveillance. We used computational and manual design to generate a suitable set of reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) primer and exonuclease probe, internally quenched (exo-IQ) probe sequences targeting the SARS-CoV-2 N gene. RT-RPA sensitivity was determined by amplification of in vitro transcribed RNA standards. Assay selectivity was demonstrated with a selectivity panel of 32 nucleic acid samples derived from common respiratory viruses. To validate the assay against full-length SARS-CoV-2 RNA, total viral RNA derived from cell culture supernatant and 19 nasopharyngeal swab samples (8 positive and 11 negative for SARS-CoV-2) were screened. All results were compared to established RT-qPCR assays. The 95% detection probability of the RT-RPA assay was determined to be 7.74 (95% CI: 2.87 - 27.39) RNA copies per reaction. The assay showed no cross-reactivity to any other screened coronaviruses or respiratory viruses of clinical significance. The developed RT-RPA assay produced 100% diagnostic sensitivity and specificity when compared to RT-qPCR (n=20). With a run time of 15 to 20 minutes and first results being available in under 7 minutes for high RNA concentrations, the reported assay constitutes one of the fastest nucleic acid based detection methods for SARS-CoV-2 to date and may provide a simple to use alternative to RT-qPCR for first-line screening at the point of need."}, {"pmid": 32419167, "title": "The true worth of a nurse..time to act!", "journal": "J Adv Nurs", "authors": ["Williams, Ged"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419167", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has shown the world the true value of the nursing profession to the healthcare system and to humanity. Indeed, without nurses (and midwives) there would be no health care!. The timing of this \"freak\" (although not unpredictable) viral pandemic with the World Health Assembly declaration that 2020 is the International Year of the Nurse and Midwife is a poignant coincidence. For almost 200 years we have witnessed the progressive growth of professionalisation, capacity and capability of the nursing profession globally. In most countries in the world that survey the public trust and confidence in professional groups, most select nursing in the top group, often ahead of doctors and other noble professions."}, {"pmid": 32413164, "title": "Delivering psychotherapy by video conference in the time of COVID-19: Some considerations.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["Crowe, Marie", "Inder, Maree", "Farmar, Robin", "Carlyle, Dave"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413164", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267494, "pmcid": "PMC7184392", "title": "CAPACITY-COVID: a European Registry to determine the role of cardiovascular disease in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Linschoten And, Marijke", "Asselbergs, Folkert W"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267494", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315380, "title": "Web Exclusive. Annals for Hospitalists Inpatient Notes - Preparing for Battle: How Hospitalists Can Manage the Stress of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Morganstein, Joshua C"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315380", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "[Figure: see text]."}, {"pmid": 32394897, "title": "Allergen Immunotherapy in the era of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Compalati, E", "Erlewyn-Lajeunesse, M", "Ali, F R", "Ojeda Fernandez, P", "Garcia Nunez, I", "Frati, F", "Mistrello, G"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394897", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385749, "pmcid": "PMC7207983", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine and ritonavir for COVID-19 infection: a possible synergic toxicity for retinal pigmented epithelium.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Romano, Mario R", "Raimondi, Raffaele", "Montericcio, Alessio", "Allegrini, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385749", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32239578, "pmcid": "PMC7228380", "title": "Priorities for global health community in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Rudnicka, Lidia", "Gupta, Mrinal", "Kassir, Martin", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Sadoughifar, Roxanna", "Goldust, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239578", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297408, "pmcid": "PMC7235490", "title": "Employing dermatologists on the frontline against COVID-19: All hands on deck.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Bhargava, Shashank", "Rokde, Richa", "Rathod, Dipali", "Kroumpouzos, George"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297408", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304970, "pmcid": "PMC7195029", "title": "Challenges and solutions for addressing critical shortage of supply chain for personal and protective equipment (PPE) arising from Coronavirus disease (COVID19) pandemic - Case study from the Republic of Ireland.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Rowan, Neil J", "Laffey, John G"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304970", "countries": ["United States", "Ireland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) is highly infectious agent that causes fatal respiratory illnesses, which is of great global public health concern. Currently, there is no effective vaccine for tackling this COVID19 pandemic where disease countermeasures rely upon preventing or slowing person-to-person transmission. Specifically, there is increasing efforts to prevent or reduce transmission to front-line healthcare workers (HCW). However, there is growing international concern regarding the shortage in supply chain of critical one-time-use personal and protective equipment (PPE). PPE are heat sensitive and are not, by their manufacturer's design, intended for reprocessing. Most conventional sterilization technologies used in hospitals, or in terminal medical device sterilization providers, cannot effectively reprocess PPE due to the nature and severity of sterilization modalities. Contingency planning for PPE stock shortage is important. Solutions in the Republic of Ireland include use of smart communication channels to improve supply chain, bespoke production of PPE to meets gaps, along with least preferred option, use of sterilization or high-level disinfection for PPE reprocessing. Reprocessing PPE must consider material composition, functionality post treatment, along with appropriate disinfection. Following original manufacturer of PPE and regulatory guidance is important. Technologies deployed in the US, and for deployment in the Republic of Ireland, are eco-friendly, namely vaporised hydrogen peroxide (VH2O2), such as for filtering facepiece respirators and UV irradiation and High-level liquid disinfection (Actichlor+) is also been pursed in Ireland. Safeguarding supply chain of PPE will sustain vital healthcare provision and will help reduce mortality."}, {"pmid": 32435852, "pmcid": "PMC7239346", "title": "Gustatory dysfunctions in COVID-19 patients: possible involvement of taste renin-angiotensin system (RAS).", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Bigiani, Albertino"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435852", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323202, "pmcid": "PMC7175820", "title": "COVID-19 and dialysis: why we should be worried.", "journal": "J Nephrol", "authors": ["Rombola, Giuseppe", "Brunini, Francesca"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323202", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416321, "pmcid": "PMC7255326", "title": "Patients with diabetes are at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab", "authors": ["Targher, G", "Mantovani, A", "Wang, X-B", "Yan, H-D", "Sun, Q-F", "Pan, K-H", "Byrne, C D", "Zheng, K I", "Chen, Y-P", "Eslam, M", "George, J", "Zheng, M-H"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416321", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530707, "title": "Reply to: Cigarette Smoking and COVID-19: A Complex Interaction.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Cai, Guoshuai", "Bosse, Yohan", "Xiao, Feifei", "Kheradmand, Farrah", "Amos, Christopher I"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530707", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322964, "pmcid": "PMC7176314", "title": "Protective shields for ophthalmic equipment to minimise droplet transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Wong, Daniel H T", "Mak, Shiu Ting", "Yip, Nelson K F", "Li, Kenneth K W"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322964", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282982, "pmcid": "PMC7262146", "title": "Early impact of COVID-19 on transplant center practices and policies in the United States.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Boyarsky, Brian J", "Po-Yu Chiang, Teresa", "Werbel, William A", "Durand, Christine M", "Avery, Robin K", "Getsin, Samantha N", "Jackson, Kyle R", "Kernodle, Amber B", "Van Pilsum Rasmussen, Sarah E", "Massie, Allan B", "Segev, Dorry L", "Garonzik-Wang, Jacqueline M"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282982", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a novel, rapidly changing pandemic: consequently, evidence-based recommendations in solid organ transplantation (SOT) remain challenging and unclear. To understand the impact on transplant activity across the United States, and center-level variation in testing, clinical practice, and policies, we conducted a national survey between March 24, 2020 and March 31, 2020 and linked responses to the COVID-19 incidence map. Response rate was a very high 79.3%, reflecting a strong national priority to better understand COVID-19. Complete suspension of live donor kidney transplantation was reported by 71.8% and live donor liver by 67.7%. While complete suspension of deceased donor transplantation was less frequent, some restrictions to deceased donor kidney transplantation were reported by 84.0% and deceased donor liver by 73.3%; more stringent restrictions were associated with higher regional incidence of COVID-19. Shortage of COVID-19 tests was reported by 42.5%. Respondents reported a total of 148 COVID-19 recipients from <1 to >10\u00a0years posttransplant: 69.6% were kidney recipients, and 25.0% were critically ill. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was used by 78.1% of respondents; azithromycin by 46.9%; tocilizumab by 31.3%, and remdesivir by 25.0%. There is wide heterogeneity in center-level response across the United States; ongoing national data collection, expert discussion, and clinical studies are critical to informing evidence-based practices."}, {"pmid": 32427188, "pmcid": "PMC7232065", "title": "Better the drug you know: Commentary on \"Daughton 2020, Natural experiment concept to accelerate the re-purposing of existing therapeutics for Covid-19\".", "journal": "Glob Epidemiol", "authors": ["Broadbent, Alex"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427188", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250957, "pmcid": "PMC7173241", "title": "Tracking COVID-19 in Europe: Infodemiology Approach.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Mavragani, Amaryllis"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250957", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Germany", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infodemiology (ie, information epidemiology) uses web-based data to inform public health and policy. Infodemiology metrics have been widely and successfully used to assess and forecast epidemics and outbreaks. In light of the recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic that started in Wuhan, China in 2019, online search traffic data from Google are used to track the spread of the new coronavirus disease in Europe. Time series from Google Trends from January to March 2020 on the Topic (Virus) of \"Coronavirus\" were retrieved and correlated with official data on COVID-19 cases and deaths worldwide and in the European countries that have been affected the most: Italy (at national and regional level), Spain, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Statistically significant correlations are observed between online interest and COVID-19 cases and deaths. Furthermore, a critical point, after which the Pearson correlation coefficient starts declining (even if it is still statistically significant) was identified, indicating that this method is most efficient in regions or countries that have not yet peaked in COVID-19 cases. In the past, infodemiology metrics in general and data from Google Trends in particular have been shown to be useful in tracking and forecasting outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics as, for example, in the cases of the Middle East respiratory syndrome, Ebola, measles, and Zika. With the COVID-19 pandemic still in the beginning stages, it is essential to explore and combine new methods of disease surveillance to assist with the preparedness of health care systems at the regional level."}, {"pmid": 32531225, "pmcid": "PMC7283054", "title": "Protecting the Homeless During The COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Tan, Li Feng", "Chua, Joo Wei"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531225", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307204, "pmcid": "PMC7195107", "title": "Intrapartum care of women with COVID-19: A practical approach.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Sichitiu, Joanna", "Desseauve, David"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442420, "pmcid": "PMC7237361", "title": "Gastrointestinal features in children with COVID-19: an observation of varied presentation in eight children.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Tullie, Lucinda", "Ford, Kathryn", "Bisharat, May", "Watson, Tom", "Thakkar, Hemanshoo", "Mullassery, Dhanya", "Giuliani, Stefano", "Blackburn, Simon", "Cross, Kate", "De Coppi, Paolo", "Curry, Joe"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442420", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32134381, "pmcid": "PMC7258467", "title": "Lack of Vertical Transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, China.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Yang", "Zhao, Ruihong", "Zheng, Shufa", "Chen, Xu", "Wang, Jinxi", "Sheng, Xiaoli", "Zhou, Jianying", "Cai, Hongliu", "Fang, Qiang", "Yu, Fei", "Fan, Jian", "Xu, Kaijin", "Chen, Yu", "Sheng, Jifang"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32134381", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A woman with coronavirus disease in her 35th week of pregnancy delivered an infant by cesarean section in a negative-pressure operating room. The infant was negative for severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2. This case suggests that mother-to-child transmission is unlikely for this virus."}, {"pmid": 32433764, "title": "How Academic Health Systems Can Move Forward Once COVID-19 Wanes.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Shapiro, Steven D", "Rothman, Paul B"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433764", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387151, "pmcid": "PMC7196418", "title": "2020 - The Year that needed the nurse: Considerations for critical care nursing research and practice emerging in the midst of COVID-19.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Hetland, Breanna", "Lindroth, Heidi", "Guttormson, Jill", "Chlan, Linda L"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387151", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451256, "pmcid": "PMC7211657", "title": "COVID-19: Wait for a novel drug or act with the age old drug - Do we have a choice?", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Thangaraju, Pugazhenthan", "Gurunthalingam, Meenalotchini Prakash", "Venkatesan, Sajitha", "Thangaraju, Eswaran"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451256", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395673, "pmcid": "PMC7212983", "title": "Clinical and Radiographic Presentations of COVID-19 among Patients Receiving Radiation Therapy for Thoracic Malignancies.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Samson, Pamela", "Ning, Matthew S", "Shaverdian, Narek", "Shepherd, Annemarie F", "Gomez, Daniel R", "McGinnis, Gwendolyn J", "Nitsch, Paige L", "Chmura, Steven", "O'Reilly, Michael S", "Lee, Percy", "Chang, Joe Y", "Robinson, Clifford", "Lin, Steven H"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395673", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to a pandemic affecting healthcare centers across the globe. Patients with cancer have been reported to be particularly vulnerable to infection, morbidity, and severe events. Given the high proportion of asymptomatic carriers and concerns regarding speed and availability of laboratory testing, novel detection strategies are necessary to supplement traditional screening methods and facilitate mitigation of viral transmission. Recent data support the diagnostic consistency and potential value of computed tomography (CT) scans to aid early diagnosis of COVID-19. Volumetric CT image-guidance is commonly employed in patients undergoing radiotherapy and presents a unique opportunity to screen for COVID-specific lung changes. This case series describes the presentation of SARS-CoV-2 infections among three patients undergoing thoracic radiotherapy across multiple institutions. We highlight their clinical symptoms, imaging findings, potential confounders, and clinical workflow to triage these patients to the next level of care."}, {"pmid": 32302270, "pmcid": "PMC7228681", "title": "Managing COVID-19 in Patients With Cancer: A Double Blow for Oncologists.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Sahu, Kamal Kant", "Jindal, Vishal", "Siddiqui, Ahmad Daniyal"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302270", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413701, "pmcid": "PMC7199691", "title": "The role of ACEIs/ARBs in COVID-19: Friend or foe?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Zhou, Zhe", "Qiu, Yumin", "Tao, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413701", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332021, "title": "Covid-19: decisive action is the hallmark of South Africa's early success against coronavirus.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wadvalla, Bibi-Aisha"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332021", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463348, "title": "Experience with Hydroxychloroquine and Azithromycin in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for QT Interval Monitoring.", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Ramireddy, Archana", "Chugh, Harpriya", "Reinier, Kyndaron", "Ebinger, Joseph", "Park, Eunice", "Thompson, Michael", "Cingolani, Eugenio", "Cheng, Susan", "Marban, Eduardo", "Albert, Christine M", "Chugh, Sumeet S"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463348", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Despite a lack of clinical evidence, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin are being administered widely to patients with verified or suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Both drugs may increase risk of lethal arrhythmias associated with QT interval prolongation. Methods and Results We analyzed a case series of COVID-19-positive/suspected patients admitted between February 1, 2020, and April 4, 2020, who were treated with azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, or a combination of both drugs. We evaluated baseline and postmedication QT interval (corrected QT interval [QTc]; Bazett) using 12-lead ECGs. Critical QTc prolongation was defined as follows: (1) maximum QTc \u2265500\u00a0ms (if QRS <120\u00a0ms) or QTc \u2265550\u00a0ms (if QRS \u2265120\u00a0ms) and (2) QTc increase of \u226560\u00a0ms. Tisdale score and Elixhauser comorbidity index were calculated. Of 490 COVID-19-positive/suspected patients, 314 (64%) received either/both drugs and 98 (73 COVID-19 positive and 25 suspected) met study criteria (age, 62\u00b117\u00a0years; 61% men). Azithromycin was prescribed in 28%, hydroxychloroquine in 10%, and both in 62%. Baseline mean QTc was 448\u00b129\u00a0ms and increased to 459\u00b136\u00a0ms (P=0.005) with medications. Significant prolongation was observed only in men (18\u00b143\u00a0ms versus -0.2\u00b128\u00a0ms in women; P=0.02). A total of 12% of patients reached critical QTc prolongation. Changes in QTc were highest with the combination compared with either drug, with much greater prolongation with combination versus azithromycin (17\u00b139\u00a0ms versus 0.5\u00b140\u00a0ms; P=0.07). No patients manifested torsades de pointes. Conclusions Overall, 12% of patients manifested critical QTc prolongation, and the combination caused greater prolongation than either drug alone. The balance between uncertain benefit and potential risk when treating COVID-19 patients should be carefully assessed."}, {"pmid": 32356857, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine, Coronavirus Disease 2019, and QT Prolongation.", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Bonow, Robert O", "Hernandez, Adrian F", "Turakhia, Mintu"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356857", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32133833, "title": "[The differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients during the outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease].", "journal": "Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhu, W J", "Wang, J", "He, X H", "Qin, Y", "Yang, S", "Hu, X S", "Wang, H Y", "Huang, J", "Zhou, A P", "Ma, F", "Shi, Y K", "Zhou, S Y"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133833", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the principles of differential diagnosis of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients during the outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by analyzing one case of lymphoma who presented pulmonary ground-glass opacities (GGO) after courses of chemotherapy. Methods: Baseline demographics and clinicopathological data of eligible patients were retrieved from medical records. Information of clinical manifestations, history of epidemiology, lab tests and chest CT scan images of visiting patients from February 13 to February 28 were collected. Literatures about pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients were searched from databases including PUBMED, EMBASE and CNKI. Results: Among the 139 cancer patients who underwent chest CT scans before chemotherapy, pulmonary infiltrates were identified in eight patients (5.8%), five of whom were characterized with GGOs in lungs. 2019-nCoV nuclear acid testing was performed in three patients and the results were negative. One case was a 66-year-old man who was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma and underwent CHOP chemotherapy regimen. His chest CT scan image displayed multiple GGOs in lungs and the complete blood count showed decreased lymphocytes. This patient denied any contact with confirmed/suspected cases of 2019-nCoV infection, fever or other respiratory symptoms. Considering the negative result of nuclear acid testing, this patient was presumptively diagnosed with viral pneumonia and an experiential anti-infection treatment had been prescribed for him. Conclusions: The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) complicates the clinical scenario of pulmonary infiltrates in cancer patients. The epidemic history, clinical manifestation, CT scan image and lab test should be taken into combined consideration. The 2019-nCoV nuclear acid testing might be applied in more selected patients. Active anti-infection treatment and surveillance of patient condition should be initiated if infectious disease is considered."}, {"pmid": 32514101, "title": "First antibody against COVID-19 spike protein enters phase I.", "journal": "Nat Rev Drug Discov", "authors": ["Mullard, Asher"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514101", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314313, "pmcid": "PMC7167495", "title": "Is COVID-19 a proteiform disease inducing also molecular mimicry phenomena?", "journal": "Cell Stress Chaperones", "authors": ["Cappello, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314313", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432784, "title": "Editorial - High dose intravenous immunoglobulins as a therapeutic option for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Scoppetta, C", "Di Gennaro, G", "Polverino, F"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432784", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32289260, "pmcid": "PMC7151397", "title": "Using the Coronavirus Pandemic as an Opportunity to Address the Use of Human Milk and Breastfeeding as Lifesaving Medical Interventions.", "journal": "J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs", "authors": ["Spatz, Diane L"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289260", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health care providers should use this current pandemic as an opportunity educate the public about the importance of human milk and breastfeeding as lifesaving medical interventions."}, {"pmid": 32444569, "title": "Management of the mother-infant dyad with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in a highly epidemic context.", "journal": "J Neonatal Perinatal Med", "authors": ["Pietrasanta, C", "Pugni, L", "Ronchi, A", "Schena, F", "Davanzo, R", "Gargantini, G", "Ferrazzi, E", "Mosca, F"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444569", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "addresses a number of aspects of the mother-infant dyad management during SARS-CoV-2 epidemic. Networking among maternity centers and anticipatory planning is essential to organise the assistance to mothers and neonates in maternity and neonatal wards. Early identification of SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers, before delivery, allows their management through dedicated protocols and minimizes the risk of contagion for other patients and healthcare providers. Vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be excluded at present, and should be ruled out as soon as possible after birth. Rooming in of infected mothers and neonates, provided their good clinical conditions, is not contraindicated based on current knowledge. The choice of breastfeeding should be carefully discussed with parents based on current, evolving scientific evidence."}, {"pmid": 32412913, "title": "Medical Education Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Sahi, Puneet Kaur", "Mishra, Devendra", "Singh, Tejinder"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412913", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic has shaken the mankind to its core. Social distancing is the most important preventive strategy for the spread of this contagion, short of a vaccine. Implementation of the same has forced many countries in to a complete lock-down. Closure of schools and universities has made education uncertain at all levels. Medical education is no exception. In this pandemic, the need for uninterrupted generation of future doctors is felt more than ever in our living memory. Continuity of medical education is thus imperative. While \"Live\" patient contact is an irreplaceable tenet of clinical teaching, these extraordinary times demand exceptional measures. Pedagogical innovations involving technology and simulation based teaching (Online lectures, video vase vignettes, virtual simulators, webcasting, online chat-rooms) need to be brought to the forefront. Since the medical educators have been pushed inevitably to rely on technology-based learning, they should not only embrace it but also develop and evaluate its sustainability and application in preclinical and clinical setting. Meanwhile, the students, whose medical educations are stuck in this pandemic time, should realize that there is no bigger teacher than a first-hand experience, and they are eyewitnesses to the making of history."}, {"pmid": 32473310, "pmcid": "PMC7254006", "title": "Discovery of the FDA-approved drugs bexarotene, cetilistat, diiodohydroxyquinoline, and abiraterone as potential COVID-19 treatments with a robust two-tier screening system.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Yuan, Shuofeng", "Chan, Jasper F W", "Chik, Kenn K H", "Chan, Chris C Y", "Tsang, Jessica O L", "Liang, Ronghui", "Cao, Jianli", "Tang, Kaiming", "Chen, Lin-Lei", "Wen, Kun", "Cai, Jian-Piao", "Ye, Zi-Wei", "Lu, Gang", "Chu, Hin", "Jin, Dong-Yan", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473310", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with a crude case fatality rate of about 0.5-10 % depending on locality. A few clinically approved drugs, such as remdesivir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, nafamostat, camostat, and ivermectin, exhibited anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity in vitro and/or in a small number of patients. However, their clinical use may be limited by anti-SARS-CoV-2 50 % maximal effective concentrations (EC50) that exceeded their achievable peak serum concentrations (Cmax), side effects, and/or availability. To find more immediately available COVID-19 antivirals, we established a two-tier drug screening system that combines SARS-CoV-2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and cell viability assay, and applied it to screen a library consisting 1528 FDA-approved drugs. Cetilistat (anti-pancreatic lipase), diiodohydroxyquinoline (anti-parasitic), abiraterone acetate (synthetic androstane steroid), and bexarotene (antineoplastic retinoid) exhibited potent in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity (EC50 1.13-2.01 \u03bcM). Bexarotene demonstrated the highest Cmax:EC50 ratio (1.69) which was higher than those of chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and ivermectin. These results demonstrated the efficacy of the two-tier screening system and identified potential COVID-19 treatments which can achieve effective levels if given by inhalation or systemically depending on their pharmacokinetics."}, {"pmid": 32078596, "title": "COVID-19: another infectious disease emerging at the animal-human interface.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Murdoch, David R", "French, Nigel P"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32078596", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430482, "title": "Covid-19: MPs call on Public Health England to publish evidence for decision to drop community testing.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Wise, Jacqui"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430482", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282419, "pmcid": "PMC7197340", "title": "A Review of State Guidelines for Elective Orthopaedic Procedures During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Sarac, Nikolas J", "Sarac, Benjamin A", "Schoenbrunner, Anna R", "Janis, Jeffrey E", "Harrison, Ryan K", "Phieffer, Laura S", "Quatman, Carmen E", "Ly, Thuan V"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282419", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in widespread cancellation of elective orthopaedic procedures. The guidance coming from multiple sources frequently has been difficult to assimilate as well as dynamic, with constantly changing standards. We seek to communicate the current guidelines published by each state, to discuss the impact of these guidelines on orthopaedic surgery, and to provide the general framework used to determine which procedures have been postponed at our institution. An internet search was used to identify published state guidelines regarding the cancellation of elective procedures, with a publication cutoff of March 24, 2020, 5:00 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time. Data collected included the number of states providing guidance to cancel elective procedures and which states provided specific guidance in determining which procedures should continue being performed as well as to orthopaedic-specific guidance. Thirty states published guidance regarding the discontinuation of elective procedures, and 16 states provided a definition of \"elective\" procedures or specific guidance for determining which procedures should continue to be performed. Only 5 states provided guidelines specifically mentioning orthopaedic surgery; of those, 4 states explicitly allowed for trauma-related procedures and 4 states provided guidance against performing arthroplasty. Ten states provided guidelines allowing for the continuation of oncological procedures. Few states have published guidelines specific to orthopaedic surgery during the COVID-19 outbreak, leaving hospital systems and surgeons with the responsibility of balancing the benefits of surgery with the risks to public health."}, {"pmid": 32359410, "pmcid": "PMC7252023", "title": "Hypoxaemia related to COVID-19: vascular and perfusion abnormalities on dual-energy CT.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lang, Min", "Som, Avik", "Mendoza, Dexter P", "Flores, Efren J", "Reid, Nicholas", "Carey, Denston", "Li, Matthew D", "Witkin, Alison", "Rodriguez-Lopez, Josanna M", "Shepard, Jo-Anne O", "Little, Brent P"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359410", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505072, "pmcid": "PMC7263242", "title": "COVID-19 and picotechnology: Potential opportunities.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Rabiee, Navid", "Rabiee, Mohammad", "Bagherzadeh, Mojtaba", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505072", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Humanity's challenges are becoming increasingly difficult, and as these challenges become more advanced, the need for effective and intelligent action becomes more apparent. Meanwhile, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, which has plagued the world, could be considered as an opportunity to take a step toward the need for atomic engineering, compared to molecular engineering, as well as to accelerate this type of research. This approach, which can be expressed in terms of picotechnology, makes it possible to identify living cell types or in general, chemical and biological surfaces using their atomic arrays, and applied for early diagnosis even treatment of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32527765, "title": "David Oliver: The structural problems highlighted by covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Oliver, David"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527765", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425707, "pmcid": "PMC7230142", "title": "COVID-19 related liver injury: call for international consensus.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Ye, Zheng", "Song, Bin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425707", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483687, "pmcid": "PMC7262683", "title": "The neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a review article.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Niazkar, Hamid Reza", "Zibaee, Behdad", "Nasimi, Ali", "Bahri, Narjes"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483687", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Various neurological manifestations have been reported in the literature associated with COVID-19, which in the current study are classified into Central Nervous System (CNS) related manifestations including headache, dizziness, impaired consciousness, acute cerebrovascular disease, epilepsy, and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) related manifestations such as hyposmia/anosmia, hypogeusia/ageusia, muscle pain, and Guillain-Barre syndrome. During the current context of COVID-19 pandemic, physicians should be aware of wide spectrum of neurological COVID-19 sign and symptoms for early diagnosis and isolation of patients. In this regard, COVID-19 has been associated with many neurological manifestations such as confusion, anosmia, and ageusia. Also, various evidences support the possible CNS roles in the COVID-19 pathophysiology. In this regard, further investigation of CNS involvement of SARS-COV-2 is suggested."}, {"pmid": 32425203, "pmcid": "PMC7230136", "title": "A DEDICATED PATH TO EMERGENT THORACIC SURGERY IN COVID-19 PATIENTS: AN ITALIAN INSTITUTION PROTOCOL.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Vanni, Camilla", "Maurizi, Giulio", "Rocco, Monica", "Rendina, Erino Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425203", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic pointed out that the need to ensure emergent surgery in positive for infection patients is no longer hypothetical. Among emergency procedures, thoracic surgical operations are frequent. A standardized surgical pathway is mandatory in order to achieve effective and safe management of this subset of patients. We briefly present the protocol adopted by our thoracic surgery division."}, {"pmid": 32268639, "title": "[Health protection guideline of hotels reconstructed as isolation places for close contacts during COVID-19 outbreak].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268639", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This guideline stipulates the health protection requirements for hotels reconstructed as isolation places for close contacts during COVID-19 outbreak, including requirements for hotels, personal health protection, and management. It is applicable to hotels reconstructed as isolation places for close contacts, such as general hotels, conference center, sanitariums, etc."}, {"pmid": 32446195, "pmcid": "PMC7239782", "title": "Interactions of recommended COVID-19 drugs with commonly used psychotropics.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Seshadri Sekhar", "Malathesh, Barikar C", "Das, Soumitra", "Singh, Om Prakash"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446195", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415422, "pmcid": "PMC7228433", "title": "Modeling COVID-19 and Its Impacts on U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) Detention Facilities, 2020.", "journal": "J Urban Health", "authors": ["Irvine, Michael", "Coombs, Daniel", "Skarha, Julianne", "Del Pozo, Brandon", "Rich, Josiah", "Taxman, Faye", "Green, Traci C"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415422", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "U.S. Immigration and Customs\u00a0Enforcement (ICE) facilities house thousands of undocumented immigrants in environments discordant with the public health recommendations to reduce the transmission of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Using ICE detainee population data obtained from the ICE Enforcement and Removal Operations (ERO) website as of March 2, 2020, we implemented a simple stochastic susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered model to estimate the rate of COVID-19 transmission within 111 ICE detention facilities and then examined impacts on regional hospital intensive care unit (ICU) capacity. Models considered three scenarios of transmission (optimistic, moderate, pessimistic) over 30-, 60-, and 90-day time horizons across a range of facility sizes. We found that 72% of individuals are expected to be infected by day 90 under the optimistic scenario (R0\u2009=\u20092.5), while nearly 100% of individuals are expected to be infected by day 90 under a more pessimistic (R0\u2009=\u20097) scenario. Although asynchronous outbreaks are more likely, day 90 estimates provide an approximation of total positive cases after all ICE facility outbreaks. We determined that, in the most optimistic scenario, coronavirus outbreaks among a minimum of 65 ICE facilities (59%) would overwhelm ICU beds within a 10-mile radius and outbreaks among a minimum of 8 ICE facilities (7%) would overwhelm local ICU beds within a 50-mile radius over a 90-day period, provided every ICU bed was made available for sick detainees. As policymakers seek to rapidly implement interventions that ensure the continued availability of life-saving medical resources across the USA, they may be overlooking the pressing need to slow the spread of COVID-19 infection in ICE's detention facilities. Preventing the rapid spread necessitates intervention measures such as granting ICE detainees widespread release from an unsafe environment by returning them to the community."}, {"pmid": 32479748, "pmcid": "PMC7256538", "title": "Analysis of clinical and demographic heterogeneity of patients dying from COVID-19 in Brazil versus China and Italy.", "journal": "Braz J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Oliveira, Maria Helena Santos de", "Wong, Johnny", "Lippi, Giuseppe", "Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479748", "countries": ["China", "Brazil", "Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388468, "pmcid": "PMC7177109", "title": "Multi-Stage Group Testing Improves Efficiency of Large-Scale COVID-19 Screening.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Eberhardt, J N", "Breuckmann, N P", "Eberhardt, C S"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388468", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 test kits are in critical shortage in many countries. This limits large-scale population testing and hinders the effort to identify and isolate infected individuals. Herein, we developed and evaluated multi-stage group testing schemes that test samples in groups of various pool sizes in multiple stages. Through this approach, groups of negative samples can be eliminated with a single test, avoiding the need for individual testing and achieving considerable savings of resources. We designed and parameterized various multi-stage testing schemes and compared their efficiency at different prevalence rates using computer simulations. We found that three-stage testing schemes with pool sizes of maximum 16 samples can test up to three and seven times as many individuals with the same number of test kits for prevalence rates of around 5% and 1%, respectively. We propose an adaptive approach, where the optimal testing scheme is selected based on the expected prevalence rate. These group testing schemes could lead to a major reduction in the number of testing kits required and help improve large-scale population testing in general and in the context of the current COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32476011, "title": "Airborne Transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Borak, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476011", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485121, "title": "Caring for Children with Cancer in Africa during the COVID-19 Crisis: Implications and Opportunities.", "journal": "Pediatr Hematol Oncol", "authors": ["Slone, Jeremy S", "Ozuah, Nmazuo", "Wasswa, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485121", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342026, "pmcid": "PMC7175063", "title": "Tracheostomy Considerations during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "OTO Open", "authors": ["Shiba, Travis", "Ghazizadeh, Shabnam", "Chhetri, Dinesh", "St John, Maie", "Long, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342026", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compile current best practices regarding tracheostomy decision making, care, and technical performance during the global COVID-19 pandemic. Articles listed in PubMed and Google sources for up-to-date information. All sources presenting objective evidence related to the topic were reviewed and distilled. Tracheostomy in patients with coronavirus disease should be a rare event yet one that requires significant decision making and procedural deliberation. Indications for surgery must be balanced by risk of disease transmission to health care workers. Considerations are given to personal protective equipment, viral testing, and alternatives. Otolaryngologists worldwide must be aware of these considerations to provide safe patient care without undue risk to themselves or their hospital coworkers."}, {"pmid": 32515405, "title": "COVID-19: Is there a silver lining?", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Kalra, Kriti", "Deshmukh, Paulami"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515405", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418874, "pmcid": "PMC7192105", "title": "Patients with Genetic Heart Disease and COVID-19: A Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) Consensus Statement.", "journal": "Heart Lung Circ", "authors": ["Gray, Belinda", "Semsarian, Christopher", "Fatkin, Diane", "Ingles, Jodie", "Atherton, John J", "Davis, Andrew M", "Sanders, Prashanthan", "Pachter, Nicholas", "Skinner, Jonathan R", "Stiles, Martin K"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418874", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the context of the current global COVID-19 pandemic, this Consensus Statement provides current recommendations for patients with, or at risk of developing, genetic heart disease, and for their health care management and service provision in Australia and New Zealand. Apart from general recommendations, there are specific recommendations for the following conditions: cardiomyopathy, Brugada syndrome (including in children), long QT syndrome (LQTS) and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). Other recommendations are relevant to patient self-care and primary health care."}, {"pmid": 32237918, "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine to treat COVID-19: between hope and caution.", "journal": "Clin Toxicol (Phila)", "authors": ["Megarbane, Bruno"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237918", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371624, "pmcid": "PMC7268823", "title": "The War on COVID-19 Pandemic: Role of Rehabilitation Professionals and Hospitals.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Lew, Henry L", "Oh-Park, Mooyeon", "Cifu, David X"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371624", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has created an unprecedented challenge to the society. Currently, the United States stands as the most affected country, and the entire healthcare system is affected, from emergency department, intensive care unit, post-acute care, outpatient, to home care. Considering the debility, neurological, pulmonary, neuromuscular and cognitive complications, rehabilitation professionals can play an important role in the recovery process for individuals with COVID-19. Clinicians across the nation's rehabilitation system have already begun working to initiate intensive care unit-based rehabilitation care and develop programs, settings and specialized care to meet the short- and long-term needs of these individuals. We describe the anticipated rehabilitation demands, and the strategies to meet the needs of this population. The complications from COVID-19 can be reduced by (1) delivering interdisciplinary rehabilitation that is initiated early and continued throughout the acute hospital stay, (2) providing patient/family education for self-care after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation at either acute or subacute settings, and (3) continuing rehabilitation care in the outpatient setting, and at home through ongoing therapy either in-person or via telehealth."}, {"pmid": 32237199, "pmcid": "PMC7228286", "title": "A New Symptom of COVID-19: Loss of Taste and Smell.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Gautier, Jean-Francois", "Ravussin, Yann"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237199", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488323, "pmcid": "PMC7266736", "title": "Transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery during COVID-19 pandemic: algorithm of management in an Italian reference COVID center.", "journal": "Acta Neurochir (Wien)", "authors": ["Mattogno, P P", "Rigante, M", "Lauretti, L", "Parrilla, C", "D'Alessandris, Q G", "Paludetti, G", "Olivi, A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488323", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463377, "title": "Telehealth in the Context of COVID-19: Changing Perspectives in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Fisk, Malcolm", "Livingstone, Anne", "Pit, Sabrina Winona"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463377", "countries": ["United States", "Australia", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic. On that date, there were 134,576 reported cases and 4981 deaths worldwide. By March 26, 2020, just 2 weeks later, reported cases had increased four-fold to 531,865, and deaths increased five-fold to 24,073. Older people are both major users of telehealth services and are more likely to die as a result of COVID-19. This paper examines the extent that Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, during the 2 weeks following the pandemic announcement, sought to promote telehealth as a tool that could help identify COVID-19 among older people who may live alone, be frail, or be self-isolating, and give support to or facilitate the treatment of people who are or may be infected. This paper reports, for the 2-week period previously mentioned and immediately prior, on activities and initiatives in the three countries taken by governments or their agencies (at national or state levels) together with publications or guidance issued by professional, trade, and charitable bodies. Different sources of information are drawn upon that point to the perceived likely benefits of telehealth in fighting the pandemic. It is not the purpose of this paper to draw together or analyze information that reflects growing knowledge about COVID-19, except where telehealth is seen as a component. The picture that emerges for the three countries, based on the sources identified, shows a number of differences. These differences center on the nature of their health services, the extent of attention given to older people (and the circumstances that can relate to them), the different geographies (notably concerned with rurality), and the changes to funding frameworks that could impact these. Common to all three countries is the value attributed to maintaining quality safeguards in the wider context of their health services but where such services are noted as sometimes having precluded significant telehealth use. The COVID-19 pandemic is forcing changes and may help to establish telehealth more firmly in its aftermath. Some of the changes may not be long-lasting. However, the momentum is such that telehealth will almost certainly find a stronger place within health service frameworks for each of the three countries and is likely to have increased acceptance among both patients and health care providers."}, {"pmid": 32426708, "pmcid": "PMC7230140", "title": "Can we operate our patients without fear during the period of COVID-19 infection?", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Tuech, Jean-Jacques", "Schwarz, Lilian"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523963, "pmcid": "PMC7261967", "title": "Pulmonary embolism: yet another cause of hypoxaemic respiratory failure in COVID-19.", "journal": "ERJ Open Res", "authors": ["Nieri, Dario", "Lenzini, Giulia", "Canari Venturi, Barbara", "Celi, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523963", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pulmonary embolism represents an overlooked cause of worsening respiratory failure in COVID-19. A regular bedside evaluation for atypical features like pleuritic chest pain or pleural effusion could help identify suspected cases for appropriate management. https://bit.ly/3bbBPqZ."}, {"pmid": 32299225, "title": "Physical Distancing and Emotional Closeness Amidst COVID-19.", "journal": "Crisis", "authors": ["Yip, Paul S F", "Chau, Pui Hing"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299225", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371101, "pmcid": "PMC7194066", "title": "The correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection and rheumatic disease.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Gao, Zhao-Wei", "Wang, Xi", "Lin, Fang", "Dong, Ke"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371101", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525707, "title": "A Phone Call Away: New York's Hotline And Public Health In The Rapidly Changing COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Kristal, Ross", "Rowell, Madden", "Kress, Marielle", "Keeley, Chris", "Jackson, Hannah", "Piwnica-Worms, Katherine", "Hendricks, Lisa", "Long, Theodore G", "Wallach, Andrew B"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525707", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early March\u00a02020, an outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in New York City exerted sudden and extreme pressures on emergency medical services and quickly changed public health policy and clinical guidance. Recognizing this, New York City Health + Hospitals established a clinician-staffed COVID-19 hotline for all New Yorkers. The hotline underwent three phases as the health crisis evolved. As of May 1, 2020, the hotline received over 90,000 calls and was staffed by over 1,000 unique clinicians. Hotline clinicians provided New Yorkers with clinical assessment and guidance, registered them for home symptom monitoring, connected them to social services, and provided a source of up-to-date answers to COVID-19 questions. By connecting New Yorkers with hotline providers, regardless of their regular avenues of accessing care, the hotline aimed to ease the pressures on the City's overtaxed emergency medical services. Future consideration should be given to promoting easy access to clinician hotlines by disadvantaged communities early in a public health crisis as well as evaluating the impact of clinician hotlines on clinical outcomes. [Editor's Note: This Fast Track Ahead Of Print article is the accepted version of the manuscript. The final edited version will appear in an upcoming issue of Health Affairs.]."}, {"pmid": 32440971, "pmcid": "PMC7241061", "title": "Clinical Care, Research, and Telehealth Services in the Era of Social Distancing to Mitigate COVID-19.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Young, Sean D", "Schneider, John"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440971", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305439, "pmcid": "PMC7161488", "title": "Varicella-like exanthem as a specific COVID-19-associated skin manifestation: Multicenter case series of 22 patients.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Marzano, Angelo Valerio", "Genovese, Giovanni", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Pigatto, Paolo", "Monfrecola, Giuseppe", "Piraccini, Bianca Maria", "Veraldi, Stefano", "Rubegni, Pietro", "Cusini, Marco", "Caputo, Valentina", "Rongioletti, Franco", "Berti, Emilio", "Calzavara-Pinton, Piergiacomo"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305439", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427403, "title": "Safe and effective management of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Zhang, Xiaomeng", "Huang, Qiling", "Niu, Xun", "Zhou, Tao", "Xie, Zhen", "Zhong, Yi", "Xiao, Hongjun"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427403", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An increasing number of COVID-19 patients worldwide will probably need tracheostomy in an emergency or at the recovering stage of COVID-19. We explored the safe and effective management of tracheostomy in COVID-19 patients, to benefit patients and protect health care workers at the same time. We retrospectively analyzed 11 hospitalized COVID-19 patients undergoing tracheostomy. Clinical features of patients, ventilator withdrawal after tracheostomy, surgical complications, and nosocomial infection of the health care workers associated with the tracheostomy were analyzed. The tracheostomy of all the 11 cases (100%) was performed successfully, including percutaneous tracheostomy of 6 cases (54.5%) and conventional open tracheostomy of 5 cases (45.5%). No severe postoperative complications occurred, and no health care workers associated with the tracheostomy are confirmed to be infected by SARS-CoV-2. Comprehensive evaluation before tracheostomy, optimized procedures during tracheostomy, and special care after tracheostomy can make the tracheostomy safe and beneficial in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32529403, "pmcid": "PMC7289480", "title": "Changes in the use of Otorhinolaryngology Emergency Department during the COVID-19 pandemic: report from Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Elli, Fabrizia", "Turri-Zanoni, Mario", "Arosio, Alberto Daniele", "Karligkiotis, Apostolos", "Battaglia, Paolo", "Castelnuovo, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529403", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper aims to report the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on Emergency Ear nose and Throat (ENT) activity, in Lombardy (Italy), during COVID-19 pandemic. The number of accesses to Emergency Department requiring ENT consultations between February 21st and May 7th, 2020, was retrospectively collected, along with the conditions treated. Data were stratified in 1-week time spans, to evaluate the evolving trends during the on-going epidemic and a comparison with the two previous years was performed. A significant reduction in the number of consultations performed during the pandemic was observed, as high as\u2009-\u200991% compared to the same period of 2018. Multiple reasons can explain such a reduction of Emergency ENT consultations, not least the fear of potentially being infected by SARS-CoV-2 by while accessing the hospital. The analysis performed might be useful as a starting point for a future reorganization of first aid consultations once the epidemic will be resolved."}, {"pmid": 32307268, "pmcid": "PMC7195604", "title": "Active constituents and mechanisms of Respiratory Detox Shot, a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, for COVID-19 control and prevention: Network-molecular docking-LC-MS(E) analysis.", "journal": "J Integr Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Zi-Jia", "Wu, Wen-Yong", "Hou, Jin-Jun", "Zhang, Lin-Lin", "Li, Fei-Fei", "Gao, Lei", "Wu, Xing-Dong", "Shi, Jing-Ying", "Zhang, Rong", "Long, Hua-Li", "Lei, Min", "Wu, Wan-Ying", "Guo, De-An", "Chen, Kai-Xian", "Hofmann, Lewis A", "Ci, Zhong-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307268", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lung-toxin Dispelling Formula No. 1, referred to as Respiratory Detox Shot (RDS), was developed based on a classical prescription of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the theoretical understanding of herbal properties within TCM. Therapeutic benefits of using RDS for both disease control and prevention, in the effort to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), have been shown. However, the biochemically active constituents of RDS and their mechanisms of action are still unclear. The goal of the present study is to clarify the material foundation and action mechanism of RDS. To conduct an analysis of RDS, an integrative analytical platform was constructed, including target prediction, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and cluster analysis; further, the hub genes involved in the disease-related pathways were identified, and the their corresponding compounds were used for in vitro validation of molecular docking predictions. The presence of these validated compounds was also measured in samples of the RDS formula to quantify the abundance of the biochemically active constituents. In our network pharmacological study, a total of 26 bioinformatic programs and databases were used, and six networks, covering the entire Zang-fu viscera, were constructed to comprehensively analyze the intricate connections among the compounds-targets-disease pathways-meridians of RDS. For all 1071 known chemical constituents of the nine ingredients in RDS, identified from established TCM databases, 157 passed drug-likeness screening and led to 339 predicted targets in the constituent-target network. Forty-two hub genes with core regulatory effects were extracted from the PPI network, and 134 compounds and 29 crucial disease pathways were implicated in the target-constituent-disease network. Twelve disease pathways attributed to the Lung-Large Intestine meridians, with six and five attributed to the Kidney-Urinary Bladder and Stomach-Spleen meridians, respectively. One-hundred and eighteen candidate constituents showed a high binding affinity with SARS-coronavirus-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), as indicated by molecular docking using computational pattern recognition. The in vitro activity of 22 chemical constituents of RDS was validated using the 3CLpro inhibition assay. Finally, using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry in data-independent analysis mode, the presence of seven out of these 22 constituents was confirmed and validated in an aqueous decoction of RDS, using reference standards in both non-targeted and targeted approaches. RDS acts primarily in the Lung-Large Intestine, Kidney-Urinary Bladder and Stomach-Spleen meridians, with other Zang-fu viscera strategically covered by all nine ingredients. In the context of TCM meridian theory, the multiple components and targets of RDS contribute to RDS's dual effects of health-strengthening and pathogen-eliminating. This results in general therapeutic effects for early COVID-19 control and prevention."}, {"pmid": 32415045, "title": "Disability and quality of life before and during the COVID-19 outbreak: A cross-sectional study in inflammatory bowel disease patients.", "journal": "Saudi J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Azzam, Nahla A", "Aljebreen, Abdulrahman", "Almuhareb, Arwa", "Almadi, Majid A"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415045", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder affecting patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) which adds to their disability. Little is known about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HRQoL of IBD patients. We aimed to evaluate HRQoL in IBD patient's pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic using the IBD-disk questionnaire and explore associations between socio demographic factors, disease types, severity and impaired HRQoL in patients with IBD. A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care centre in Saudi Arabia between November 2019 and March 2020 at the outpatient IBD clinics. The HRQoL of patients was assessed using the 10-item IBD-disk questionnaire. A total of 59 IBD patients (40 Crohn's disease, 19 Ulcerative colitis) with a mean disease duration of 3.5 years were included. Most of the patients (77.97%) were on biologics while 35.59% were on immune modulators, 16.94% on 5-ASA, and 3.38% were on corticosteroids. There was no difference between any of the 10 IBD-disk variables pre and post-COVID-19 pandemic apart from the perception of body image, where there was a slightly more negative perception with an increase from 2.53 to 3.39 (P = 0.05) There was no significant difference in HRQoL between patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in any of domains. The current study showed that disability and HRQoL appears to be unaffected by the COVID-19 pandemic among our cohort, however further studies with longer follow up and larger sample size is needed."}, {"pmid": 32225137, "title": "Facing in real time the challenges of the Covid-19 epidemic for rehabilitation.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Negrini, Stefano", "Ferriero, Giorgio", "Kiekens, Carlotte", "Boldrini, Paolo"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32225137", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521580, "title": "[Expert consensus on Corona Virus Disease 2019 with special blood purification technology].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521580", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to more than 70 countries worldwide and there was a higher mortality in those who developed serious illness.Cytokine storm syndrome is an important pathophysiological basis for COVID-19 patients developing into severe or critical conditions. It was indicated in the diagnosis and treatment scheme, by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, that blood purifications such as plasma exchange, plasma adsorption, hemoperfusion, hemofiltration and plasmafiltration could be considered for use in the critical patients with cytokine storm syndrome. This expert consensus, proposed by the Chinese Society of Nephrology and the Nephrology Committee of Chinese Research Hospital Association, is to guide and standardize the clinical application of blood purifications in the treatment of severe or critical patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32436084, "pmcid": "PMC7239348", "title": "Possible prophylactic or preventive role of topical povidone iodine during accidental ocular exposure to 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Sarma, Phulen", "Kaur, Hardeep", "Medhi, Bikash", "Bhattacharyya, Anusuya"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307717, "pmcid": "PMC7235488", "title": "COVID-19 diagnosis does not rule out other concomitant diseases.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Borghetti, Alberto", "Ciccullo, Arturo", "Visconti, Elena", "Tamburrini, Enrica", "Di Giambenedetto, Simona"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307717", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392488, "pmcid": "PMC7124163", "title": "Transmission of coronavirus by nebulizer: a serious, underappreciated risk.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Amirav, Israel", "Newhouse, Michael T"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392488", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501190, "title": "Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and COVID-19: using antihypertensive medications, pharmacogenetic considerations.", "journal": "Pharmacogenomics", "authors": ["Snyder, Eric M", "Johnson, Bruce D"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501190", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 utilizes the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) pathway as a means of infection. Early data on COVID-19 suggest heterogeneity in the severity of symptoms during transmission and infection ranging from no symptoms to death. The source of this heterogeneity is likely multifaceted and may have a genetic component. Demographic and clinical comorbidities associated with the severity of infection suggest that possible variants known to influence the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system\u00a0pathway (particularly those that influence ACE2) may contribute to the heterogenous infection response. ACE2 and angiotensin(1-7)\u00a0(the product of ACE2) seem to have a protective effect on the pulmonary and cardiac systems. Hypertension medication modulation, may alter ACE2 and angiotensin(1-7), particularly in variants that have been shown to influence renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system function, which could be clinically useful in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32361691, "title": "Molecular diagnostics at the times of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "Diagnosis (Berl)", "authors": ["Plebani, Mario", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361691", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407758, "pmcid": "PMC7212964", "title": "COVID-19 Follow up Testing.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Woodruff, Amelita"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407758", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457526, "title": "Learn from Rwanda's success in tackling COVID-19.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Condo, Jeanine", "Uwizihiwe, Jean Paul", "Nsanzimana, Sabin"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457526", "countries": ["Rwanda"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281052, "pmcid": "PMC7152513", "title": "Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for COVID-19: Present or Future.", "journal": "Stem Cell Rev Rep", "authors": ["Golchin, Ali", "Seyedjafari, Ehsan", "Ardeshirylajimi, Abdolreza"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281052", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\"COVID-19\" is the word that certainly isn't forgotten by everybody who lives in the first half of the twenty-first century. COVID-19, as a pandemic, has led many researchers from different biomedical fields to find solutions or treatments to manage the pandemic. However, no standard treatment for this disease has been discovered to date. Probably, preventing the severe acute respiratory infection form of COVID-19 as the most dangerous phase of this disease can be helpful for the treatment and reduction of the death rate. In this regard, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based immunomodulation treatment has been proposed as a suitable therapeutic approach and several clinical trials have begun. Recently, MSCs according to their immunomodulatory and regenerative properties attract attention in clinical trials. After the intravenous transplantation of MSCs, a significant population of cells accumulates in the lung, which they alongside immunomodulatory effect could protect alveolar epithelial cells, reclaim the pulmonary microenvironment, prevent pulmonary fibrosis, and cure lung dysfunction. Given the uncertainties in this area, we reviewed reported clinical trials and hypotheses to provide useful information to researchers and those interested in stem cell therapy. In this study, we considered this new approach to improve patient's immunological responses to COVID-19 using MSCs and discussed the aspects of this proposed treatment. However, currently, there are no approved MSC-based approaches for the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 patients but clinical trials ongoing."}, {"pmid": 32354772, "title": "Recovery from COVID-19 in a patient with spondyloarthritis treated with TNF-alpha inhibitor etanercept.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Duret, Pierre-Marie", "Sebbag, Eden", "Mallick, Auriane", "Gravier, Simon", "Spielmann, Lionel", "Messer, Laurent"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354772", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278467, "pmcid": "PMC7118684", "title": "[COVID-19 and people followed for breast cancer: French guidelines for clinical practice of Nice-St Paul de Vence, in collaboration with the College Nationale des Gynecologues et Obstetriciens Francais (CNGOF), the Societe d'Imagerie de la Femme (SIFEM), the Societe Francaise de Chirurgie Oncologique (SFCO), the Societe Francaise de Senologie et Pathologie Mammaire (SFSPM) and the French Breast Cancer Intergroup-UNICANCER (UCBG)].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Gligorov, Joseph", "Bachelot, Thomas", "Pierga, Jean-Yves", "Antoine, Eric-Charles", "Balleyguier, Corinne", "Barranger, Emmanuel", "Belkacemi, Yazid", "Bonnefoi, Herve", "Bidard, Francois-Clement", "Ceugnart, Luc", "Classe, Jean-Marc", "Cottu, Paul", "Coutant, Charles", "Cutuli, Bruno", "Dalenc, Florence", "Darai, Emile", "Dieras, Veronique", "Dohollou, Nadine", "Giacchetti, Sylvie", "Goncalves, Anthony", "Hardy-Bessard, Anne-Claire", "Houvenaeghel, Gilles", "Jacquin, Jean-Philippe", "Jacot, William", "Levy, Christelle", "Mathelin, Carole", "Nisand, Israel", "Petit, Thierry", "Petit, Thierry", "Poncelet, Edouard", "Rivera, Sofia", "Rouzier, Roman", "Salmon, Remy", "Scotte, Florian", "Spano, Jean-Philippe", "Uzan, Catherine", "Zelek, Laurent", "Spielmann, Marc", "Penault-Llorca, Frederique", "Namer, Moise", "Delaloge, Suzette"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278467", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300516, "pmcid": "PMC7160052", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Biologic Therapy in Psoriasis: Infection Risk and Patient Counseling in Uncertain Times.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)", "authors": ["Brownstone, Nicholas D", "Thibodeaux, Quinn G", "Reddy, Vidhatha D", "Myers, Bridget A", "Chan, Stephanie Y", "Bhutani, Tina", "Liao, Wilson"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300516", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the emergence of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) viral pandemic, there is uncertainty whether biologic agents for psoriasis may place patients at a higher risk for infection or more severe disease course. This commentary offers patient counseling recommendations based on the current available evidence. While there are currently no specific data for psoriasis biologics and COVID-19, data are presented here from phase\u00a0III clinical trials of psoriasis biologics on rates of upper respiratory infection, influenza, and serious infection. Overall these data reveal that on the whole, psoriasis biologics do not show major increases in infection risk compared to placebo during the course of these trials. However, as the COVID-19 virus is a novel pathogen that is associated with mortality in a subset of patients, a cautious approach is warranted. We discuss factors that may alter the benefit-risk ratio of biologic use during this time of COVID-19 outbreak. Ultimately, treatment decisions should be made on the basis of dialogue between patient and provider, considering each patient's individualized situation. Once this pandemic has passed, it is only a matter of time before a new viral disease reignites the same issues discussed here."}, {"pmid": 32491982, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RNA Detection on Disposable Wooden Chopsticks, Hong Kong.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lui, Grace", "Lai, Christopher K C", "Chen, Zigui", "Tong, Sylvia L Y", "Ho, Wendy C S", "Yeung, Apple C M", "Boon, Siaw S", "Ng, Rita W Y", "Chan, Paul K S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491982", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We detected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA on disposable wooden chopsticks used by 5 consecutive asymptomatic and postsymptomatic patients admitted for isolation and care at our hospital. Although we did not assess virus viability, our findings may suggest potential for transmission through shared eating utensils."}, {"pmid": 32340870, "pmcid": "PMC7152862", "title": "COVID-19 in a lung transplant recipient.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Aigner, Clemens", "Dittmer, Ulf", "Kamler, Markus", "Collaud, Stephane", "Taube, Christian"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340870", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494948, "pmcid": "PMC7268976", "title": "Patient-Reported Outcome Questionnaires for the evaluation of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Hsieh, Julien", "Barillari, Maria Rosaria", "Cammaroto, Giovanni", "Hans, Stephane", "Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494948", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237670, "pmcid": "PMC7153431", "title": "An Uncomplicated Delivery in a Patient with Covid-19 in the United States.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Iqbal, Sara N", "Overcash, Rachael", "Mokhtari, Neggin", "Saeed, Haleema", "Gold, Stacey", "Auguste, Tamika", "Mirza, Muhammad-Usman", "Ruiz, Maria-Elena", "Chahine, Joeffrey J", "Waga, Masashi", "Wortmann, Glenn"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237670", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332922, "pmcid": "PMC7187150", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection of kidney organoids prevented with soluble human ACE2.", "journal": "Nat Rev Nephrol", "authors": ["Allison, Susan J"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332922", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236295, "title": "The surgeons and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Rev Col Bras Cir", "authors": ["Correia, M Isabel T D", "Ramos, Rodrigo Felippe", "Bahten, Luiz Carlos Von"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236295", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current world Covid-19 pandemic has been the most discussed topic in the media and scientific journals. Fear, uncertainty, and lack of knowledge about the disease may be the significant factors that justify such reality. It has been known that the disease presents with a rapidly spreading, it is significantly more severe among the elderly, and it has a substantial global socioeconomic impact. Besides the challenges associated with the unknown, there are other factors, such as the deluge of information. In this regard, the high number of scientific publications, encompassing in vitro, case studies, observational and randomized clinical studies, and even systematic reviews add up to the uncertainty. Such a situation is even worse when considering that most healthcare professionals lack adequate knowledge to critically appraise the scientific method, something that has been previously addressed by some authors. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that expert societies supported by data provided by the World Health Organization and the National Health Department take the lead in spreading trustworthy and reliable information. The Brazilian College of Surgeons suggests in this document various initiatives that may help surgeons, healthcare providers, and patients who will have to face a surgical event under the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32514320, "pmcid": "PMC7267540", "title": "COVID-US: A simplified approach to cardiopulmonary ultrasound in suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients in surge crisis.", "journal": "Australas J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["Yang, Yang", "Anstey, James", "Yastrebov, Konstantin", "Nanjayya, Vinodh Bhagyalakshmi", "Orde, Sam", "Nalos, Marek", "Costello, Cartan", "Ryan, Nicholas Patrick George"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514320", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed an unprecedented challenge on healthcare systems across the globe. Rapid assessment of the cardiorespiratory function to monitor disease progression and guide treatment is essential. Therefore, we have designed the COVID-US: a simplified cardiopulmonary ultrasound approach to use in suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients, to aid front-line health workers in their decision-making in a surge crisis."}, {"pmid": 32302079, "title": "Covid-19 and Immunity in Aging Populations - A New Research Agenda.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Koff, Wayne C", "Williams, Michelle A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302079", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32309812, "pmcid": "PMC7158870", "title": "Prone Position in Management of COVID-19 Patients; a Commentary.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Ghelichkhani, Parisa", "Esmaeili, Maryam"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309812", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 virus causes a pneumonia that was identified through fever, dyspnea, and acute respiratory symptoms and named COVID-19. This disease exacerbates in a number of patients and causes pulmonary edema, multi-organ failure, and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Prevalence of ARDS among COVID-19 patients has been reported to be up to 17%. Among the introduced treatment methods for management of ARDS patients, prone position can be used as an adjuvant therapy for improving ventilation in these patients. Here we reviewed the literature regarding the role of prone position in management of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32391997, "title": "[The first 100 COVID-19 patients admitted to the Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, The Netherlands].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Murk, Jean-Luc", "van de Biggelaar, Rik", "Stohr, Joep", "Verweij, Jaco", "Buiting, Anton", "Wittens, Sabine", "van Hooft, Martijn", "Diederen, Bram", "Kluiters-de Hingh, Yvette", "Ranschaer, Erik", "Brouwer, Annemarie", "Retera, Jeroen", "Verheijen, Margot", "Ramnarain, Dharmanand", "van Ek, Ivo", "van Oers, Jos"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391997", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Here we describe the characteristics of the first 100 laboratory confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital (Tilburg, The Netherlands). The median age was 72 years, 67% was male, approximately 80% had co-morbidity, approximately 50% of which consisted of hypertension, cardiac and or pulmonary conditions and 25% diabetes. At admission 61% of patients had fever and about 50% presented at day 6 or more after onset of symptoms. At the time of writing 38 patients were discharged, 19 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and 20 patients had died. The median age of ICU patients was 67 years and 63% had co-morbidity. The median time to discharge or to death was 6 and 5.5 days, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32376033, "pmcid": "PMC7196317", "title": "COVID-19: 2020 is the International Year of the Midwife.", "journal": "Midwifery", "authors": ["Bick, Debra"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376033", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426897, "title": "Heparin - an old drug with multiple potential targets in Covid-19 therapy.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Lindahl, Ulf", "Li, Jin-Ping"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426897", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A prominent clinical feature of severe Covid-19 infection is respiratory failure associated with pulmonary coagulopathy. Recent reports published in Thrombosis and Haemostasis show that treatment with low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) decreases mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis-induced hypercoagulation, and thus argue for prophylactic administration of the anticoagulant. In addition, the authors point to non-anticoagulant activities of heparin, in particular anti-inflammatory effects with potential to prevent deterioration of the disease. We would like to use this opportunity to clarify the biochemical background of the diverse activities of heparin, and further, how this information may be exploited to generate more efficient treatment of the viral infection. Mechanisms to consider relate to the functional roles of proteins interacting with heparan sulfate (HS), a polysaccharide closely related to heparin."}, {"pmid": 32401219, "pmcid": "PMC7238862", "title": "Measuring the Outreach Efforts of Public Health Authorities and the Public Response on Facebook During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Early 2020: Cross-Country Comparison.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Sesagiri Raamkumar, Aravind", "Tan, Soon Guan", "Wee, Hwee Lin"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401219", "countries": ["Singapore", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic presents one of the most challenging global crises at the dawn of a new decade. Public health authorities (PHAs) are increasingly adopting the use of social media such as Facebook to rapidly communicate and disseminate pandemic response measures to the public. Understanding of communication strategies across different PHAs and examining the public response on the social media landscapes can help improve practices for disseminating information to the public. This study aims to examine COVID-19-related outreach efforts of PHAs in Singapore, the United States, and England, and the corresponding public response to these outreach efforts on Facebook. Posts and comments from the Facebook pages of the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Singapore, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the United States, and Public Health England (PHE) in England were extracted from January 1, 2019, to March 18, 2020. Posts published before January 1, 2020, were categorized as pre-COVID-19, while the remaining posts were categorized as peri-COVID-19 posts. COVID-19-related posts were identified and classified into themes. Metrics used for measuring outreach and engagement were frequency, mean posts per day (PPD), mean reactions per post, mean shares per post, and mean comments per post. Responses to the COVID-19 posts were measured using frequency, mean sentiment polarity, positive to negative sentiments ratio (PNSR), and positive to negative emotions ratio (PNER). Toxicity in comments were identified and analyzed using frequency, mean likes per toxic comment, and mean replies per toxic comment. Trend analysis was performed to examine how the metrics varied with key events such as when COVID-19 was declared a pandemic. The MOH published more COVID-19 posts (n=271; mean PPD 5.0) compared to the CDC (n=94; mean PPD 2.2) and PHE (n=45; mean PPD 1.4). The mean number of comments per COVID-19 post was highest for the CDC (mean CPP 255.3) compared to the MOH (mean CPP 15.6) and PHE (mean CPP 12.5). Six major themes were identified, with posts about prevention and safety measures and situation updates being prevalent across the three PHAs. The themes of the MOH's posts were diverse, while the CDC and PHE posts focused on a few themes. Overall, response sentiments for the MOH posts (PNSR 0.94) were more favorable compared to response sentiments for the CDC (PNSR 0.57) and PHE (PNSR 0.55) posts. Toxic comments were rare (0.01%) across all PHAs. PHAs' extent of Facebook use for outreach purposes during the COVID-19 pandemic varied among the three PHAs, highlighting the strategies and approaches that other PHAs can potentially adopt. Our study showed that social media analysis was capable of providing insights about the communication strategies of PHAs during disease outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32526075, "title": "A letter of solidarity during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Lazarus, Jeffrey V", "Negro, Francesco", "El-Sayed, Manal", "Colombo, Massimo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a substantial impact on the lives of most of the worlds' population. We are aware that for liver disease patients this has been especially concerning. The editorial from Sun and colleagues [1] provides an overview of the major challenges facing liver specialists as they strive to deliver essential services, and highlights some of the critical research gaps around COVID-19 and liver disease."}, {"pmid": 32427165, "pmcid": "PMC7228430", "title": "Intolerance of Uncertainty and Mental Wellbeing: Serial Mediation by Rumination and Fear of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Addict", "authors": ["Satici, Begum", "Saricali, Mehmet", "Satici, Seydi Ahmet", "Griffiths, Mark D"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427165", "countries": ["Turkey"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become globally widespread with millions of confirmed cases and many countries implementing various levels of quarantine. Therefore, it is important to investigate the psychological consequences of this process, given the unique situation that has been experienced globally. Therefore, the present study examined whether intolerance of uncertainty was related to mental wellbeing and whether this relationship was mediated by rumination and fear of COVID-19. The sample comprised 1772 Turkish individuals (aged between 18 and 73\u00a0years) from 79 of 81 cities in Turkey, who completed measures of mental wellbeing, intolerance of uncertainty, rumination, and fear of COVID-19. Results of serial mediation analyses showed that intolerance of uncertainty had a significant direct effect on mental wellbeing. Rumination and fear of COVID-19, in combination, serially mediated the association between intolerance of uncertainty and mental wellbeing. The findings are discussed within the framework of the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and related literature."}, {"pmid": 32283117, "pmcid": "PMC7151543", "title": "In-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes among patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Shao, Fei", "Xu, Shuang", "Ma, Xuedi", "Xu, Zhouming", "Lyu, Jiayou", "Ng, Michael", "Cui, Hao", "Yu, Changxiao", "Zhang, Qing", "Sun, Peng", "Tang, Ziren"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283117", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 and in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in Wuhan, China. The outcomes of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia after IHCA over a 40-day period were retrospectively evaluated. Between January 15 and February 25, 2020, data for all cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) attempts for IHCA that occurred in a tertiary teaching hospital in Wuhan, China were collected according to the Utstein style. The primary outcome was restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), and the secondary outcomes were 30-day survival, and neurological outcome. Data from 136 patients showed 119 (87.5%) patients had a respiratory cause for their cardiac arrest, and 113 (83.1%) were resuscitated in a general ward. The initial rhythm was asystole in 89.7%, pulseless electrical activity (PEA) in 4.4%, and shockable in 5.9%. Most patients with IHCA were monitored (93.4%) and in most resuscitation (89%) was initiated <1\u202fmin. The average length of hospital stay was 7 days and the time from illness onset to hospital admission was 10 days. The most frequent comorbidity was hypertension (30.2%), and the most frequent symptom was shortness of breath (75%). Of the patients receiving CPR, ROSC was achieved in 18 (13.2%) patients, 4 (2.9%) patients survived for at least 30 days, and one patient achieved a favourable neurological outcome at 30 days. Cardiac arrest location and initial rhythm were associated with better outcomes. Survival of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia who had an in-hospital cardiac arrest was poor in Wuhan."}, {"pmid": 32029004, "pmcid": "PMC7003341", "title": "A rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version).", "journal": "Mil Med Res", "authors": ["Jin, Ying-Hui", "Cai, Lin", "Cheng, Zhen-Shun", "Cheng, Hong", "Deng, Tong", "Fan, Yi-Pin", "Fang, Cheng", "Huang, Di", "Huang, Lu-Qi", "Huang, Qiao", "Han, Yong", "Hu, Bo", "Hu, Fen", "Li, Bing-Hui", "Li, Yi-Rong", "Liang, Ke", "Lin, Li-Kai", "Luo, Li-Sha", "Ma, Jing", "Ma, Lin-Lu", "Peng, Zhi-Yong", "Pan, Yun-Bao", "Pan, Zhen-Yu", "Ren, Xue-Qun", "Sun, Hui-Min", "Wang, Ying", "Wang, Yun-Yun", "Weng, Hong", "Wei, Chao-Jie", "Wu, Dong-Fang", "Xia, Jian", "Xiong, Yong", "Xu, Hai-Bo", "Yao, Xiao-Mei", "Yuan, Yu-Feng", "Ye, Tai-Sheng", "Zhang, Xiao-Chun", "Zhang, Ying-Wen", "Zhang, Yin-Gao", "Zhang, Hua-Min", "Zhao, Yan", "Zhao, Ming-Juan", "Zi, Hao", "Zeng, Xian-Tao", "Wang, Yong-Yan", "Wang, Xing-Huan"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32029004", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new type viral pneumonia cases occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province; and then named \"2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)\" by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 12 January 2020. For it is a never been experienced respiratory disease before and with infection ability widely and quickly, it attracted the world's attention but without treatment and control manual. For the request from frontline clinicians and public health professionals of 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia management, an evidence-based guideline urgently needs to be developed. Therefore, we drafted this guideline according to the rapid advice guidelines methodology and general rules of WHO guideline development; we also added the first-hand management data of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. This guideline includes the guideline methodology, epidemiological characteristics, disease screening and population prevention, diagnosis, treatment and control (including traditional Chinese Medicine), nosocomial infection prevention and control, and disease nursing of the 2019-nCoV. Moreover, we also provide a whole process of a successful treatment case of the severe 2019-nCoV infected pneumonia and experience and lessons of hospital rescue for 2019-nCoV infections. This rapid advice guideline is suitable for the first frontline doctors and nurses, managers of hospitals and healthcare sections, community residents, public health persons, relevant researchers, and all person who are interested in the 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32402018, "title": "Covid-19 in the State of Ceara: behaviors and beliefs in the arrival of the pandemic.", "journal": "Cien Saude Colet", "authors": ["Lima, Danilo Lopes Ferreira", "Dias, Aldo Angelim", "Rabelo, Renata Saboia", "Cruz, Igor Demes da", "Costa, Samuel Carvalho", "Nigri, Flavia Maria Noronha", "Neri, Jiovanne Rabelo"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402018", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to evaluate the behavioral aspects and beliefs of the population of Cear\u00e1 in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online questionnaire was conducted on sociodemographic aspects and opinions related to the pandemic. Absolute and relative frequencies were calculated, the association between variables was performed with Chi-square, and the level of significance was 5%. The final sample had 2,259 participants, and an association was observed between females and perceiving themselves with a high risk of infection (p = 0.044) and males with non-performance of voluntary quarantine (p < 0.001). People aged 80 years and over were partially quarantined due to the flow of people at home (p < 0.001). Participants with elementary school education had a lower risk of infection than participants with a higher level of education (p < 0.001). This group includes people who did voluntary quarantine the least (p < 0.001). Participants living in the inland region of the state had less direct contact with someone tested positive for the Coronavirus (p = 0.031) and are less reclusive (p < 0.001). We can conclude that the approach to the COVID-19 pandemic varies by social aspects, such as gender, age, education, and place of residence, as well as the belief system of the population of the State of Cear\u00e1."}, {"pmid": 32458547, "title": "Decline in invasive pneumococcus diseases while combating the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan.", "journal": "Kaohsiung J Med Sci", "authors": ["Tsai, Jong-Rung", "Yang, Chih-Jen", "Huang, Wei-Ling", "Chen, Yen-Hsu"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458547", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378503, "pmcid": "PMC7248591", "title": "Lessons Learned From Cases of COVID-19 Infection in South Korea.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Kang, Yun-Jung"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378503", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On December 31, 2019, the Chinese government officially announced that the country had a single pneumonia case with an unknown cause. In the weeks after, South Korea had 24 confirmed cases by February 8, and the number has increased steadily since then. The highly contagious virus known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected Case No. 31 in Daegu; she was the first patient related to Sincheonji Church. Later, the number of cases involved with Sincheonji skyrocketed. On March 6, 2020, the number of confirmed cases was 6284, with 42 dead. This study, through collecting epidemiological data about various COVID-19 infection cases, discovered that getting together in large groups leads to mass infection, and that paying close attention to personal hygiene by means of wearing masks, sanitary gloves, etc., can prevent the spread of COVID-19. Additional epidemiological data and related studies on COVID-19 infections in South Korea are likely to support or slightly modify this conclusion. However, this study is significant in that it emphasizes the precautionary principle in preventing and managing infectious diseases, and has a suggestion for public health policies, which are currently in high demand."}, {"pmid": 32381693, "title": "Beat COVID-19 through innovation.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Azoulay, Pierre", "Jones, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381693", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518108, "title": "Universal vote-by-mail has no impact on partisan turnout or vote share.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Thompson, Daniel M", "Wu, Jennifer A", "Yoder, Jesse", "Hall, Andrew B"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518108", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many scholars and policy makers are urging the United States to expand voting-by-mail programs to safeguard the electoral process. What are the effects of vote-by-mail? In this paper, we provide a comprehensive design-based analysis of the effect of universal vote-by-mail-a policy under which every voter is mailed a ballot in advance of the election-on electoral outcomes. We collect data from 1996 to 2018 on all three US states that implemented universal vote-by-mail in a staggered fashion across counties, allowing us to use a difference-in-differences design at the county level to estimate causal effects. We find that 1) universal vote-by-mail does not appear to affect either party's share of turnout, 2) universal vote-by-mail does not appear to increase either party's vote share, and 3) universal vote-by-mail modestly increases overall average turnout rates, in line with previous estimates. All three conclusions support the conventional wisdom of election administration experts and contradict many popular claims in the media."}, {"pmid": 32291906, "pmcid": "PMC7262143", "title": "Response to 'Pulmonary thrombosis in 2019-nCoV pneumonia?'", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Tang, Ning"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291906", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302074, "title": "Covid-19 and the Need for Health Care Reform.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["King, Jaime S"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302074", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32172226, "title": "Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Han, Huan", "Yang, Lan", "Liu, Rui", "Liu, Fang", "Wu, Kai-Lang", "Li, Jie", "Liu, Xing-Hui", "Zhu, Cheng-Liang"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32172226", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background As the number of patients increases, there is a growing understanding of the form of pneumonia sustained by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which has caused an outbreak in China. Up to now, clinical features and treatment of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 have been reported in detail. However, the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and coagulation has been scarcely addressed. Our aim is to investigate the blood coagulation function of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods In our study, 94 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were admitted in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. We prospectively collect blood coagulation data in these patients and in 40 healthy controls during the same period. Results Antithrombin values in patients were lower than that in the control group (p\u2009<\u20090.001). The values of D-dimer, fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), and fibrinogen (FIB) in all SARS-CoV-2 cases were substantially higher than those in healthy controls. Moreover, D-dimer and FDP values in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection were higher than those in patients with milder forms. Compared with healthy controls, prothrombin time activity (PT-act) was lower in SARS-CoV-2 patients. Thrombin time in critical SARS-CoV-2 patients was also shorter than that in controls. Conclusions The coagulation function in patients with SARS-CoV-2 is significantly deranged compared with healthy people, but monitoring D-dimer and FDP values may be helpful for the early identification of severe cases."}, {"pmid": 32501754, "title": "Historical Insights on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), the 1918 Influenza Pandemic, and Racial Disparities: Illuminating a Path Forward.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Krishnan, Lakshmi", "Ogunwole, S Michelle", "Cooper, Lisa A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501754", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is exacting a disproportionate toll on ethnic minority communities and magnifying existing disparities in health care access and treatment. To understand this crisis, physicians and public health researchers have searched history for insights, especially from a great outbreak approximately a century ago: the 1918 influenza pandemic. However, of the accounts examining the 1918 influenza pandemic and COVID-19, only a notable few discuss race. Yet, a rich, broader scholarship on race and epidemic disease as a \"sampling device for social analysis\" exists. This commentary examines the historical arc of the 1918 influenza pandemic, focusing on black Americans and showing the complex and sometimes surprising ways it operated, triggering particular responses both within a minority community and in wider racial, sociopolitical, and public health structures. This analysis reveals that critical structural inequities and health care gaps have historically contributed to and continue to compound disparate health outcomes among communities of color. Shifting from this context to the present, this article frames a discussion of racial health disparities through a resilience approach rather than a deficit approach and offers a blueprint for approaching the COVID-19 crisis and its afterlives through the lens of health equity."}, {"pmid": 31997618, "pmcid": "PMC6995816", "title": "The Fight against the 2019-nCoV Outbreak: an Arduous March Has Just Begun.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Yoo, Jin Hong"], "date": "2020-01-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31997618", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32051570, "pmcid": "PMC7097671", "title": "Novel coronavirus takes flight from bats?", "journal": "Nat Rev Microbiol", "authors": ["York, Ashley"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32051570", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491098, "pmcid": "PMC7269533", "title": "Surveillance of the first cases of COVID-19 in Sergipe using a prospective spatiotemporal analysis: the spatial dispersion and its public health implications.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Andrade, Lucas Almeida", "Gomes, Dharliton Soares", "Goes, Marco Aurelio de Oliveira", "Souza, Mercia Simone Feitosa de", "Teixeira, Daniela Cabral Pizzi", "Ribeiro, Caique Jordan Nunes", "Alves, Jose Antonio Barreto", "Araujo, Karina Conceicao Gomes Machado de", "Santos, Allan Dantas Dos"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491098", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health emergency with lethality ranging from 1% to 5%. This study aimed to identify active high-risk transmission clusters of COVID-19 in Sergipe. We performed a prospective space-time analysis using confirmed cases of COVID-19 during the first 7 weeks of the outbreak in Sergipe. The prospective space-time statistic detected \"active\" and emerging spatio-temporal clusters comprising six municipalities in the south-central region of the state. The Geographic Information System (GIS) associated with spatio-temporal scan statistics can provide timely support for surveillance and assist in decision-making."}, {"pmid": 32452947, "title": "Veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 Patients: Early Experience From a Major Academic Medical Center in North America.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Osho, Asishana A", "Moonsamy, Philicia", "Hibbert, Kathryn A", "Shelton, Kenneth T", "Trahanas, John M", "Attia, Rizwan Q", "Bloom, Jordan P", "Onwugbufor, Michael T", "D'Alessandro, David A", "Villavicencio, Mauricio A", "Sundt, Thoralf M", "Crowley, Jerome C", "Raz, Yuval", "Funamoto, Masaki"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452947", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "VV ECMO can be utilized as an advanced therapy in select patients with COVID-19 respiratory failure refractory to traditional critical care management and optimal mechanical ventilation. Anticipating a need for such therapies during the pandemic, our center created a targeted protocol for ECMO therapy in COVID-19 patients that allows us to provide this life-saving therapy to our sickest patients without overburdening already stretched resources or excessively exposing healthcare staff to infection risk. As a major regional referral program, we used the framework of our well-established ECMO service-line to outline specific team structures, modified patient eligibility criteria, cannulation strategies, and management protocols for the COVID-19 ECMO program. During the first month of the COVID-19 outbreak in Massachusetts, 6 patients were placed on VV ECMO for refractory hypoxemic respiratory failure. The median (interquartile range) age was 47 years (43-53) with most patients being male (83%) and obese (67%). All cannulations were performed at the bedside in the intensive care unit in patients who had undergone a trial of rescue therapies for acute respiratory distress syndrome including lung protective ventilation, paralysis, prone positioning, and inhaled nitric oxide. At the time of this report, 83% (5/6) of the patients are still alive with 1 death on ECMO, attributed to hemorrhagic stroke. 67% of patients (4/6) have been successfully decannulated, including 2 that have been successfully extubated and one who was discharged from the hospital. The median duration of VV ECMO therapy for patients who have been decannulated is 12 days (4-18 days). This is 1 the first case series describing VV ECMO outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Our initial data suggest that VV ECMO can be successfully utilized in appropriately selected COVID-19 patients with advanced respiratory failure."}, {"pmid": 32507030, "title": "The silent deaths of the elderly in long-term care facilities during the Covid-19 pandemic: The role of forensic pathology.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Cordasco, Fabrizio", "Scalise, Carmen", "Sacco, Matteo Antonio", "Bonetta, Carlo Filippo", "Zibetti, Angelica", "Cacciatore, Giulia", "Caputo, Fiorella", "Ricci, Pietrantonio", "Aquila, Isabella"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507030", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic is currently a major global public health problem. We know that the elderly and people with chronic diseases contract the infection more easily and they develop clinically more serious and often lethal forms. To date, the reasons for this have been generically attributed to old age and underlying diseases. Most Covid-19 deaths occurred in long-term care facilities because the residents are elderly people with chronic illness living in close contact. Therefore, facilities have become epidemic outbreaks. Forensic knowledge is very limited because an autopsy is rarely performed. Post-mortem investigations can help increase knowledge about Covid-19 and identify any undiagnosed pathologies in life. Therefore, forensic investigations play a role in protecting a frail population. Autopsies should be encouraged on elderly people who died of Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32386190, "title": "Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Lapic, Ivana", "Rogic, Dunja", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386190", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424616, "pmcid": "PMC7234447", "title": "A special symptom of olfactory dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019: report of three cases.", "journal": "J Neurovirol", "authors": ["Chen, Chen", "Chen, Moxian", "Cheng, Cong", "Chi, Yun", "Hu, Zhiliang", "Liu, Yuan", "Huang, Shan", "Lv, Yanling", "Liang, Chongfeng", "Jiao, Damin", "Yi, Yongxiang", "Zhang, Xia", "Sun, Wenkui", "Wei, Hongxia"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424616", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Three patients of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) showed the symptoms of olfactory dysfunction. Clinical characteristics and treatment were retrospective analyzed. Olfactory disorders are uncommon symptoms of COVID-19 in China. Early diagnosis and intervention are keys to the recovery of olfactory disorders. Particular attention should be devoted to olfactory dysfunction."}, {"pmid": 32181864, "title": "Getting ready for the next pandemic COVID-19: Why we need to be more prepared and less scared.", "journal": "J Emerg Manag", "authors": ["Contreras, George W"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181864", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486856, "title": "New Paradigms in Diabetes Management From the Epicenter.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Levy, Carol J", "Levister, Camilla M", "Shah, Nirali A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486856", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307905, "pmcid": "PMC7264778", "title": "COVID-19 and spinal cord injuries: The viewpoint from an emergency department resident with quadriplegia.", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["Palipana, Dinesh"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307905", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) present distinct physiological and social considerations for the emergency physician. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these considerations may generate unique challenges for emergency physicians managing patients with SCIs. Physiological disruptions may alter the way SCI patients present with COVID-19. The same disruptions can affect management of this vulnerable patient group, perhaps warranting early aggressive treatment. The medical picture will often be complicated by unique social characteristics. The reliance on caregivers for activities of daily living can, as an example, increase the human resource requirement of an ED. Considering the vulnerabilities and complexities of patients with SCI, the community should prioritise prevention of COVID-19 infections in this group. In the event that they do present to an ED, planning for and understanding their complexities will facilitate optimal management."}, {"pmid": 32359789, "pmcid": "PMC7177063", "title": "COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma: Now Is the Time for Better Science.", "journal": "Transfus Med Rev", "authors": ["Dzik, Sunny"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359789", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437766, "pmcid": "PMC7206432", "title": "Multivesicular bodies mimicking SARS-CoV-2 in patients without COVID-19.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Calomeni, Edward", "Satoskar, Anjali", "Ayoub, Isabelle", "Brodsky, Sergey", "Rovin, Brad H", "Nadasdy, Tibor"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437766", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448805, "title": "Radiotherapy in Southern Italy at the time of COVID-19: options for radiation oncology units.", "journal": "Int J Gynecol Cancer", "authors": ["Pezzulla, Donato", "Macchia, Gabriella", "Taccari, Francesco", "Sticca, Giovanna", "Deodato, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448805", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to many countries and has been declared a global health emergency. Our center is located in the south of Italy where the infection rates were low and the clusters of COVID-19 positive patients were small and inhomogeneous. The aim of this short report is to share our experience as a starting point for the management of the steady state of the pandemic. The safety of the patients and department staff required a strict plan to minimize the risk of infection between operators whose absence would have made it impossible to carry out the radiotherapy treatments. The head of the radiotherapy unit and members of the Hospital Crisis Unit have put in place a series of measures to manage the emergency. A \"clean\" team has been established whose members are kept out of the radiotherapy unit for 2 weeks on rotation. Several separate work areas have been made in order to reduce direct contact between the staff. Each staff member has to wear protective equipment if close contact with patients is required. Before confirming a radiotherapy consult or a follow-up visit, telephone clinical and epidemiological screening is performed by nurses through a questionnaire regarding the presence of respiratory symptoms or eventual social contacts with COVID-19 positive people. Once the patients arrive in the hospital, a triage point at the entrance to the hospital performs a second screening and a temperature check. This management experience of a radiotherapy unit in Southern Italy could serve as a useful example for the future. In fact, in the steady state of infection many centers may face epidemiologically contagious numbers similar to those that we currently have in our region. These numbers require the maintenance of alert and precautionary measures which in our case seem to have worked."}, {"pmid": 32513323, "title": "Overcoming COVID-19: Addressing the Perception of Risk and Transitioning Protective Behaviors to Habits.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Fakih, Mohamad G", "Sturm, Lisa", "Fakih, Rand R"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513323", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236491, "title": "Potential Legal Liability for Withdrawing or Withholding Ventilators During COVID-19: Assessing the Risks and Identifying Needed Reforms.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Cohen, I Glenn", "Crespo, Andrew M", "White, Douglas B"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236491", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327217, "pmcid": "PMC7166300", "title": "COVID-19 and hearing difficulties.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Trecca, Eleonora M C", "Gelardi, Matteo", "Cassano, Michele"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327217", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329590, "title": "Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) outbreak on rehabilitation services and physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) physicians' activities: perspectives from the Spanish experience.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Chaler, Joaquim", "Gil-Fraguas, Lourdes", "Gomez-Garcia, Arturo", "Laxe, Sara", "Luna-Cabrera, Francisco", "Llavona, Ricardo", "Miangolarra Page, Juan C", "Del Pino-Algarrada, Rogelio", "Salaverria Izaguirre, Natalia", "Sanchez-Tarifa, Pilar", "Santandreu, Maria Elvira", "Garreta-Figuera, Roser"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329590", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412811, "pmcid": "PMC7271316", "title": "Patients With Cancer and COVID-19: A WhatsApp Messenger-Based Survey of Patients' Queries, Needs, Fears, and Actions Taken.", "journal": "JCO Glob Oncol", "authors": ["Gebbia, Vittorio", "Piazza, Dario", "Valerio, Maria Rosaria", "Borsellino, Nicolo", "Firenze, Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412811", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This descriptive investigation was undertaken at three oncology units to report queries, needs, and fears related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (COVID-19) of patients with cancer and to avoid uncontrolled treatment delays or withdrawal, behavioral mistakes, and panic. All queries spontaneously delivered through the WhatsApp instant messaging system commonly used by patients to communicate with oncology units were collected and grouped by homology in five categories. Responses to the queries were given according to recommendations by the Italian Association of Medical Oncology through WhatsApp and by subsequent phone calls. Patients were also classified according to the site of the primary tumor, stage of disease, and current treatments. Analysis of the association between these data and queries was carried out. The social scenario in Italy is a nationwide lockdown except for hospitals, pharmacies, and food supplies. Overall, 446 different patients' WhatsApp conversations were analyzed between March 1 and March 13 and comprised the following: requirement of visit delay by patients undergoing oral therapies or in follow-up, delays in chemotherapy or immunotherapy administration, queries about possible immunosuppression, and changes in lifestyle or daily activities. Delay requirements were statistically more frequent among patients with prostate or breast cancer compared with those with lung or pancreatic cancer. Actions taken by oncologists are also reported. To our knowledge, the WhatsApp instant messaging system has been occasionally used in other medical settings with controversial results. In our experience, WhatsApp turned out to be adequate to give a rapid answer to most queries from patients with cancer in the COVID-19 pandemic scenario."}, {"pmid": 32180292, "title": "Coronavirus in pregnancy and delivery: rapid review.", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Mullins, E", "Evans, D", "Viner, R M", "O'Brien, P", "Morris, E"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32180292", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are limited case series reporting the impact on women affected by coronavirus during pregnancy. In women affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), the case fatality rate appears higher in those affected in pregnancy compared with non-pregnant women. We conducted a rapid review to guide health policy and management of women affected by COVID-19 during pregnancy, which was used to develop the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists' (RCOG) guidelines on COVID-19 infection in pregnancy. Searches were conducted in PubMed and MedRxiv to identify primary case reports, case series, observational studies and randomized controlled trials describing women affected by coronavirus in pregnancy. Data were extracted from relevant papers. This review has been used to develop guidelines with representatives of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health (RCPCH) and RCOG who provided expert consensus on areas in which data were lacking. From 9965 search results in PubMed and 600 in MedRxiv, 21 relevant studies, all of which were case reports or case series, were identified. From reports of 32 women to date affected by COVID-19 in pregnancy, delivering 30 babies (one set of twins, three ongoing pregnancies), seven (22%) were asymptomatic and two (6%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), one of whom remained on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. No maternal deaths have been reported to date. Delivery was by Cesarean section in 27 cases and by vaginal delivery in two, and 15 (47%) delivered preterm. There was one stillbirth and one neonatal death. In 25 babies, no cases of vertical transmission were reported; 15 were reported as being tested with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction after delivery. Case fatality rates for SARS and MERS were 15% and 27%, respectively. SARS was associated with miscarriage or intrauterine death in five cases, and fetal growth restriction was noted in two ongoing pregnancies affected by SARS in the third trimester. Serious morbidity occurred in 2/32 women with COVID-19, both of whom required ICU care. Compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 appears less lethal, acknowledging the limited number of cases reported to date and that one woman remains in a critical condition. Preterm delivery affected 47% of women hospitalized with COVID-19, which may put considerable pressure on neonatal services if the UK's reasonable worst-case scenario of 80% of the population being affected is realized. Based on this review, RCOG, in consultation with RCPCH, developed guidance for delivery and neonatal care in pregnancies affected by COVID-19, which recommends that delivery mode be determined primarily by obstetric indication and recommends against routine separation of affected mothers and their babies. We hope that this review will be helpful for maternity and neonatal services planning their response to COVID-19. \u00a9 2020 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology."}, {"pmid": 32509472, "pmcid": "PMC7246029", "title": "Insights on early mutational events in SARS-CoV-2 virus reveal founder effects across geographical regions.", "journal": "PeerJ", "authors": ["Farkas, Carlos", "Fuentes-Villalobos, Francisco", "Garrido, Jose Luis", "Haigh, Jody", "Barria, Maria Ines"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509472", "countries": ["United States", "China", "Australia"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Here we aim to describe early mutational events across samples from publicly available SARS-CoV-2 sequences from the sequence read archive and GenBank repositories. Up until 27 March 2020, we downloaded 50 illumina datasets, mostly from China, USA (WA State) and Australia (VIC). A total of 30 datasets (60%) contain at least a single founder mutation and most of the variants are missense (over 63%). Five-point mutations with clonal (founder) effect were found in USA next-generation sequencing samples. Sequencing samples from North America in GenBank (22 April 2020) present this signature with up to 39% allele frequencies among samples (n = 1,359). Australian variant signatures were more diverse than USA samples, but still, clonal events were found in these samples. Mutations in the helicase, encoded by the ORF1ab gene in SARS-CoV-2 were predominant, among others, suggesting that these regions are actively evolving. Finally, we firmly urge that primer sets for diagnosis be carefully designed, since rapidly occurring variants would affect the performance of the reverse transcribed quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) based viral testing."}, {"pmid": 32303756, "pmcid": "PMC7188162", "title": "Impact of anti-tnfalpha antibodies on the risk of Covid-19 and its severity in patients with inflammatory Bowel Diseases.", "journal": "J Crohns Colitis", "authors": ["Tursi, Antonio", "Papa, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303756", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409516, "title": "Proximal humeral fracture surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic: advocacy for regional anesthesia.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Tognu, Andrea", "Barbara, Enrico", "Pacini, Ilaria", "Bosco, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409516", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292868, "pmcid": "PMC7118312", "title": "Propagation analysis and prediction of the COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Dis Model", "authors": ["Li, Lixiang", "Yang, Zihang", "Dang, Zhongkai", "Meng, Cui", "Huang, Jingze", "Meng, Haotian", "Wang, Deyu", "Chen, Guanhua", "Zhang, Jiaxuan", "Peng, Haipeng", "Shao, Yiming"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292868", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Based on the official data modeling, this paper studies the transmission process of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The error between the model and the official data curve is quite small. At the same time, it realized forward prediction and backward inference of the epidemic situation, and the relevant analysis help relevant countries to make decisions."}, {"pmid": 32521569, "title": "Reply to letter to the editor.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Bayrakdar, Ibrahim Sevki", "Kurt Bayrakdar, Sevda", "Guneri, Pelin"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521569", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We congratulate Mart\u00edn Carreras-Presas et al (2020) for their instructive article presenting cases of oral vesiculobullous lesions associated with SARS-COV-2 infection (Mart\u00edn Carreras-Presas et al., 2020). Furthermore, an irregular ulcer on the tongue (Chaux-Bodard, Deneuve & Desoutter, 2020) and reactivation of oral herpes simplex virus type-1 were reported as intraoral findings of COVID-19 patients, recently (Tang et al., 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32215618, "pmcid": "PMC7184514", "title": "Self-reported olfactory and taste disorders in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a cross-sectional study.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Giacomelli, Andrea", "Pezzati, Laura", "Conti, Federico", "Bernacchia, Dario", "Siano, Matteo", "Oreni, Letizia", "Rusconi, Stefano", "Gervasoni, Cristina", "Ridolfo, Anna Lisa", "Rizzardini, Giuliano", "Antinori, Spinello", "Galli, Massimo"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215618", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32077662, "title": "[Analysis of low positive rate of nucleic acid detection method used for diagnosis of novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, C B"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077662", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407155, "title": "Publication Ethics During Public Health Emergencies Such as the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Smith, Maxwell J", "Upshur, Ross E G", "Emanuel, Ezekiel J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407155", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health emergencies require real-time, accurate information to guide effective responses. Rapid publication of information can, therefore, advance both the scientific validity and the social value of research conducted in these contexts. Consequently, medical journals place a high priority on rapidly publishing reports on these emergencies, which the media often report on to the public. Today, the focus is on the rapid publication of research related to the COVID-19 outbreak. Tomorrow, it might be an influenza pandemic or a crisis related to a vaping-related illness. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print May 14, 2020: e1-e2. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305686)."}, {"pmid": 32501143, "title": "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Vulnerable Older Adults in the United States.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Lee, Yeonjung Jane"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501143", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301766, "pmcid": "PMC7219856", "title": "Cardiovascular Pharmacology in the Time of COVID-19: A Focus on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Pharmacol", "authors": ["Buckley, Leo F", "Cheng, Judy W M", "Desai, Akshay"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301766", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a pandemic affecting millions of adults. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2019 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus of COVID-19, infects host cells through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Preclinical models suggest that ACE2 upregulation confers protective effects in acute lung injury. In addition, renin-angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors reduce adverse atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease outcomes, but may increase ACE2 levels. We review current knowledge of the role of ACE2 in cardiovascular physiology and SARS-CoV-2 virology, as well as clinical data to inform the management of patients with or at risk for COVID-19 who require renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor therapy."}, {"pmid": 32408155, "pmcid": "PMC7202802", "title": "Severe COVID-19 infection in a patient with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Foerch, Christian", "Friedauer, Lucie", "Bauer, Boris", "Wolf, Timo", "Adam, Elisabeth H"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408155", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fingolimod is used for immune therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis. Long-term treatment is associated with a small increase in the risk of herpes virus reactivation and respiratory tract infections. Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) under Fingolimod treatment have not been described. We report a 57-year old female patient with a relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis under fingolimod treatment who experienced a severe COVID-19 infection in March 2020 (Extended Disability Status Scale: 2.0). Having peripheral lymphopenia typical for fingolimod treatment (total lymphocytes 0.39/nL [reference range 1.22-3.56]), the patient developed bilateral interstitial pneumonia with multiple ground-glass opacities on chest CT. Fingolimod medication was stopped. On the intensive care unit, non-invasive ventilation was used to provide oxygen and ventilation support regularly. Over the following two days, oxygenation improved, and the patient was transferred to a normal ward five days after admission. The implications fingolimod has on COVID-19 are complex. As an S1P analogue, fingolimod might enhance lung endothelial cell integrity. In addition, in case of a so-called cytokine storm, immunomodulation might be beneficial to reduce mortality. Future studies are needed to explore the risks and therapeutic effects of fingolimod in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32385712, "pmcid": "PMC7207990", "title": "Inflammation resolution: a dual-pronged approach to averting cytokine storms in COVID-19?", "journal": "Cancer Metastasis Rev", "authors": ["Panigrahy, Dipak", "Gilligan, Molly M", "Huang, Sui", "Gartung, Allison", "Cortes-Puch, Irene", "Sime, Patricia J", "Phipps, Richard P", "Serhan, Charles N", "Hammock, Bruce D"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385712", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is characterized by pulmonary hyper-inflammation and potentially life-threatening \"cytokine storms\". Controlling the local and systemic inflammatory response in COVID-19 may be as important as anti-viral therapies. Endogenous lipid autacoid mediators, referred to as eicosanoids, play a critical role in the induction of inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. SARS-CoV-2 may trigger a cell death (\"debris\")-induced \"eicosanoid storm\", including prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which in turn initiates a robust inflammatory response. A paradigm shift is emerging in our understanding of the resolution of inflammation as an active biochemical process with the discovery of novel endogenous specialized pro-resolving lipid autacoid mediators (SPMs), such as resolvins. Resolvins and other SPMs stimulate macrophage-mediated clearance of debris and counter pro-inflammatory cytokine production, a process called inflammation resolution. SPMs and their lipid precursors exhibit anti-viral activity at nanogram doses in the setting of influenza without being immunosuppressive. SPMs also promote anti-viral B cell antibodies and lymphocyte activity, highlighting their potential use in the treatment of COVID-19. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors stabilize arachidonic acid-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which also stimulate inflammation resolution by promoting the production of pro-resolution mediators, activating anti-inflammatory processes, and preventing the cytokine storm. Both resolvins and EETs also attenuate pathological thrombosis and promote clot removal, which is emerging as a key pathology of COVID-19 infection. Thus, both SPMs and sEH inhibitors may promote the resolution of inflammation in COVID-19, thereby reducing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other life-threatening complications associated with robust viral-induced inflammation. While most COVID-19 clinical trials focus on \"anti-viral\" and \"anti-inflammatory\" strategies, stimulating inflammation resolution is a novel host-centric therapeutic avenue. Importantly, SPMs and sEH inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for other inflammatory diseases and could be rapidly translated for the management of COVID-19 via debris clearance and inflammatory cytokine suppression. Here, we discuss using pro-resolution mediators as a potential complement to current anti-viral strategies for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32390176, "pmcid": "PMC7261979", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on dermatology services: Dermatology in isolation.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Katerina, Damevska", "Lence, Neloska", "Viktor, Simeonovski", "Andrej, Petrov", "Irena, Dimitrovska", "Natasa, Teovska-Mitrevska", "Anita, Najdova", "Nora, Pollozhani"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390176", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390696, "pmcid": "PMC7205709", "title": "On the brighter side of COVID-19 induced Lockdown: Devising the collateral methods to provide Ayurveda consultation during impasse.", "journal": "J Ayurveda Integr Med", "authors": ["Rastogi, Sanjeev", "Singh, Neelendra", "Pandey, Preeti"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390696", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent measures to mitigate it have presented the world with certain unprecedented situations. Lockdown with effective closure of all services including routine health care services has tested the nerves of health care providers for finding novel ways of providing services without getting into the risk of exposure. Telemedicine had been an ideal option for such situations allowing all channels of communication that leverage Information Technology platforms, including voice, audio, text and digital data exchange as a help to diagnosis, prescription and follow up evaluation. Unfortunately this versatility of Telemedicine as a patient -physician interface could not be harnessed well for its technical complexities and unpreparedness of institutions and individuals. Smartphone based video calling using whatsapp messenger has been proposed as a feasible Telemedicine application to provide outpatient services in this scenario. A pilot run of outpatient services during lockdown period through whatsapp facilitated video calling at Ayurveda Gathiya Clinic, State Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Lucknow has shown a way forward of running such services with a mass appeal, ease of operation and high interface gratification among users and service providers. Within its limitations related to the quality and quantity of information sought, this comes as a viable method of patient -physician interfacing during the phase of lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32360181, "pmcid": "PMC7194707", "title": "Pharmacists' readiness to deal with the coronavirus pandemic: Assessing awareness and perception of roles.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Basheti, Iman A", "Nassar, Razan", "Barakat, Muna", "Alqudah, Rajaa", "Abufarha, Rana", "Mukattash, Tareq L", "Saini, Bandana"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360181", "countries": ["China", "Jordan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 Coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by a novel strain of coronavirus was detected in China in December 2019, and declared a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020. Community pharmacists have an important role in supporting the local health emergency preparedness and response arrangements. To investigate pharmacists and pharmacy students' awareness and source of their information regard the management of the coronavirus pandemic, and their perspective of their role during this emergent situation. This descriptive cross-sectional online survey study was conducted in Jordan during the COVID-19 outbreak (from 15 to 30 March 2020). A validated online questionnaire addressing participants' current awareness about epidemics/pandemics and COVID-19, source of information and their perspectives of their role. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS). Participants (n\u00a0=\u00a0726) had a mean age of 26.9 (8.0) years with 71.9% females. Pharmacy students made 35.3% of the sample while the rest were pharmacists. Only 54.3% of participants believed that they got enough education about epidemics/pandemics, and 94.6% of them follow on the latest coronavirus updates on treatments, and that is mainly from the media (59.5%) followed by the World Health Organization reports (58.7%) and then the published researches (57%). Awareness score (out of 20) of pharmacists (n\u00a0=\u00a0470) was significantly higher (p\u00a0<\u00a00.001) than that of students (n\u00a0=\u00a0256). Better Awareness scores were also associated with higher age of participants, graduating from a public versus a private university, and attending more educational workshops. The majority of pharmacists and pharmacy students reported that they have a major role in the management of epidemics/pandemics through the community pharmacies but the majority follow on the latest coronavirus updates from the media. This fact rings bills considering the numerous conflicting messages publicized during the pandemic through the media."}, {"pmid": 32412779, "title": "Social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic can increase physical inactivity and the global burden of cardiovascular disease.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol", "authors": ["Pecanha, Tiago", "Goessler, Karla Fabiana", "Roschel, Hamilton", "Gualano, Bruno"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412779", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging data indicate a substantial decrease in global physical activity levels during the period of social isolation adopted worldwide to contain the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Confinement-induced decreases in physical activity levels and increases in sedentary behavior may provoke a rapid deterioration of cardiovascular health and premature deaths among populations with increased cardiovascular risk. Even short-term (1-4 wk) inactivity has been linked with detrimental effects in cardiovascular function and structure and increased cardiovascular risk factors. In this unprecedented and critical scenario, home-based physical activity programs arise as a clinically relevant intervention to promote health benefits to cardiac patients. Many studies have demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of different models of home-based exercise programs in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and major cardiovascular events among different populations. This body of knowledge can inform evidence-based policies to be urgently implemented to counteract the impact of increased physical inactivity and sedentary behavior during the COVID-19 outbreak, thereby alleviating the global burden of cardiovascular disease."}, {"pmid": 32433796, "title": "Robotic-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Tabaza, Luai", "Virk, Hafeez Ul Hassan", "Janzer, Sean", "George, Jon C"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433796", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the biggest global health threat in the 21st century. We describe a case of a patient with suspected COVID-19 who needed urgent coronary artery interrogation, in which we utilized robotic assistance to minimize the risk of exposure to COVID-19 and reduced personal protective equipment needed by the procedural team."}, {"pmid": 32297850, "pmcid": "PMC7198467", "title": "Pasteurized blood samples for transfusion compatibility testing during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Yao, Run", "Shen, Yamei", "Tan, Ying", "Zhou, Pengcheng", "Li, Bijuan", "Fan, Xuegong", "Li, Ning"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297850", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32500858, "title": "Serum concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the general adult population: possible implications for anti-IL-6 therapy in SARS-Cov-2 infection and IL-6-related diseases.", "journal": "J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Alende-Castro, V", "Alonso-Sampedro, M", "Gude, F", "Gonzalez-Quintela, A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500858", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464492, "pmcid": "PMC7237357", "title": "Can moderate intensity aerobic exercise be an effective and valuable therapy in preventing and controlling the pandemic of COVID-19?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Dixit, Snehil"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464492", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389523, "pmcid": "PMC7202834", "title": "COVID-19 and cancer: Looking for evidence.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Serraino, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389523", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445723, "pmcid": "PMC7239790", "title": "Water scarcity and COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Anim, Desmond Ofosu", "Ofori-Asenso, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445723", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32189463, "pmcid": "PMC7228253", "title": "The possibility of COVID-19 transmission from eye to nose.", "journal": "Acta Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Qing, Huiling", "Li, Zhijie", "Yang, Zhengwei", "Shi, Menghai", "Huang, Zixu", "Song, Jinghui", "Song, Zongming"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32189463", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474034, "pmcid": "PMC7256595", "title": "Chronic conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs masking severe SARS-CoV-2 manifestations in an elderly rheumatic patient.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Sagnelli, Caterina", "Gentile, Valeria", "Tirri, Rosella", "Macera, Margherita", "Cappabianca, Salvatore", "Ciccia, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474034", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421546, "pmcid": "PMC7167578", "title": "Correlation analysis of the severity and clinical prognosis of 32 cases of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Ding, Ming", "Zhang, Qiang", "Li, Qing", "Wu, Ting", "Huang, Ying-Zi"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421546", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333818, "pmcid": "PMC7267110", "title": "COVID-19: lambda interferon against viral load and hyperinflammation.", "journal": "EMBO Mol Med", "authors": ["Andreakos, Evangelos", "Tsiodras, Sotirios"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333818", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), triggered by the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become one of the worst pandemics of\u00a0our time that has already caused more than 250,000 deaths (JHU data-05/06/2020, https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/). Effective therapeutic approaches are urgently needed to reduce the spread of the virus and its death toll. Here, we assess the possibility of using interferon-lambda (IFN\u03bb), a third type of interferon sharing low homology with type I IFNs and IL-10, for treating COVID-19 patients. We discuss the unique role of IFN\u03bb in fine-tuning antiviral immunity in the respiratory tract to achieve optimal protection and minimal host damage and review early evidence that SARS-CoV-2 may impair IFN\u03bb induction, leading to a delayed type I IFN-dominated response that triggers hyperinflammation and severe disease. We also consider the potential windows of opportunity for therapeutic intervention with IFN\u03bb and potential safety considerations. We conclude that IFN\u03bb constitutes a promising therapeutic agent for reducing viral presence and hyperinflammation in a single shot to prevent the devastating consequences of COVID-19 such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)."}, {"pmid": 32449128, "pmcid": "PMC7246222", "title": "Covid-19 transmission, outcome and associated risk factors in cancer patients at the first month of the pandemic in a Spanish hospital in Madrid.", "journal": "Clin Transl Oncol", "authors": ["Rogado, J", "Obispo, B", "Pangua, C", "Serrano-Montero, G", "Martin Marino, A", "Perez-Perez, M", "Lopez-Alfonso, A", "Gullon, P", "Lara, M A"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449128", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are no large reported series determining the Covid-19 cancer patient's characteristics. We determine whether differences exist in cumulative incidence and mortality of Covid-19 infection between cancer patients and general population in Madrid. We reviewed 1069 medical records of all cancer patients admitted at Oncology department between Feb 1 and April 7, 2020. We described Covid-19 cumulative incidence, treatment outcome, mortality, and associated risk factors. We detected 45/1069 Covid-19 diagnoses in cancer patients vs 42,450/6,662,000 in total population (p\u2009<\u20090.00001). Mortality rate: 19/45 cancer patients vs 5586/42,450 (p\u2009=\u20090.0001). Mortality was associated with older median age, adjusted by staging and histology (74 vs 63.5\u00a0years old, OR 1.06, p\u2009=\u20090.03). Patients who combined hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin presented 3/18 deaths, regardless of age, staging, histology, cancer treatment and comorbidities (OR 0.02, p\u2009=\u20090.03). Cancer patients are vulnerable to Covid-19 with an increase in complications. Combined hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin is presented as a good treatment option."}, {"pmid": 32407796, "pmcid": "PMC7214301", "title": "Philanthropy and humanity in the face of a pandemic-A letter to the editor on \"World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)\" (Int J surg 2020; 76:71-6).", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Liu, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407796", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426019, "pmcid": "PMC7229460", "title": "Emergency and essential surgical healthcare services during COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries: A perspective.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Ma, Xiya", "Vervoort, Dominique", "Reddy, Che L", "Park, Kee B", "Makasa, Emmanuel"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426019", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant changes in health care systems worldwide, with low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) sustaining important repercussions. Specifically, alongside cancellation and postponements of non-essential surgical services, emergency and essential surgical care delivery may become affected due to the shift of human and material resources towards fighting the pandemic. For surgeries that do get carried through, new difficulties arise in protecting surgical personnel from contracting SARS-CoV-2. This scarcity in LMIC surgical ecosystems may result in higher morbidity and mortality, in addition to the COVID-19 toll. This paper aims to explore the potential consequences of COVID-19 on the emergency and essential surgical care in LMICs, to offer recommendations to mitigate damages and to reflect on preparedness for future crises. Reducing the devastating consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on LMIC emergency and essential surgical services can be achieved through empowering communities with accurate information and knowledge on prevention, optimizing surgical material resources, providing quality training of health care personnel to treat SARS-CoV-2, and ensuring adequate personal protection equipment for workers on the frontline. While LMIC health systems are under larger strain, the experience from previous outbreaks may aid in order to innovate and adapt to the current pandemic. Protecting LMIC surgical ecosystems will be a pivotal process in ensuring that previous health system strengthening efforts are preserved, comprehensive care for populations worldwide are ensured, and to allow for future developments beyond the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32150618, "pmcid": "PMC7108130", "title": "In Vitro Antiviral Activity and Projection of Optimized Dosing Design of Hydroxychloroquine for the Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yao, Xueting", "Ye, Fei", "Zhang, Miao", "Cui, Cheng", "Huang, Baoying", "Niu, Peihua", "Liu, Xu", "Zhao, Li", "Dong, Erdan", "Song, Chunli", "Zhan, Siyan", "Lu, Roujian", "Li, Haiyan", "Tan, Wenjie", "Liu, Dongyang"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32150618", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first broke out in Wuhan (China) and subsequently spread worldwide. Chloroquine has been sporadically used in treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hydroxychloroquine shares the same mechanism of action as chloroquine, but its more tolerable safety profile makes it the preferred drug to treat malaria and autoimmune conditions. We propose that the immunomodulatory effect of hydroxychloroquine also may be useful in controlling the cytokine storm that occurs late-phase in critically ill SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. Currently, there is no evidence to support the use of hydroxychloroquine in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The pharmacological activity of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine was tested using SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero cells. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic models (PBPK) were implemented for both drugs separately by integrating their in vitro data. Using the PBPK models, hydroxychloroquine concentrations in lung fluid were simulated under 5 different dosing regimens to explore the most effective regimen whilst considering the drug's safety profile. Hydroxychloroquine (EC50=0.72 \u03bcM) was found to be more potent than chloroquine (EC50=5.47 \u03bcM) in vitro. Based on PBPK models results, a loading dose of 400 mg twice daily of hydroxychloroquine sulfate given orally, followed by a maintenance dose of 200 mg given twice daily for 4 days is recommended for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it reached three times the potency of chloroquine phosphate when given 500 mg twice daily 5 days in advance. Hydroxychloroquine was found to be more potent than chloroquine to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 in vitro."}, {"pmid": 32402387, "pmcid": "PMC7183992", "title": "Diagnosis of patients with suspected COVID-19: What is the role of chest CT?", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Paez-Granda, Diego", "Chicaiza Maldonado, Miriam", "Calle, Gabriela Saritama", "Avalos Garcia, Carmen", "Cabezas Tapia, Henry", "Andrade Herrera, Jimena"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402387", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245751, "title": "Covid-19: Increased demand for steroid inhalers causes \"distressing\" shortages.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245751", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509310, "pmcid": "PMC7238997", "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2: virus mutations in specific European populations.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Coppee, F", "Lechien, J R", "Decleves, A-E", "Tafforeau, L", "Saussez, S"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509310", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is being intensively studied, particularly its evolution, in the increasingly available sequences between countries/continents with classical phylogenetic tree representation. More recently, certain protein mutations have been correlated with specific functional impacts. Our clinical data from patients suggest that clinical symptoms differ between European countries. Among other factors, SARS-CoV-2 mutations could explain these disparities. Our analyses point to an association of diverse mutations, including co-evolving ones, in a few SARS-CoV-2 proteins within specific countries. We therefore suggest combining clinical information from patients and the determination of the associated SARS-CoV-2 genome to better understand the specific symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32518058, "title": "Multiple sclerosis and COVID-19: A great opportunity for databases promoting research and collaboration.", "journal": "J Neuroimmunol", "authors": ["Racke, Michael K", "Newsome, Scott D"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518058", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32108160, "pmcid": "PMC7095779", "title": "Emergence of a novel human coronavirus threatening human health.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Poon, Leo L M", "Peiris, Malik"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32108160", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491178, "title": "The issue of recurrently positive patients who recovered from COVID-19 according to the current discharge criteria: investigation of patients from multiple medical institutions in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zou, You", "Wang, Bin-Ru", "Sun, Liu", "Xu, Shan", "Kong, Yong-Gang", "Shen, Li-Jun", "Liang, Geng-Tian", "Chen, Shi-Ming"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491178", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current discharge criteria\u00a0for COVID-19\u00a0require that patients have\u00a0two consecutive negative\u00a0results for RT-PCR\u00a0detection. Here, we observed that recurrently positive RT-PCR test results in patients with three consecutive negative results (3xNegRPos, 5.4%) were significantly decreased compared with those in patients with two consecutive negative results (2xNegRPos, 20.6%); such patients reported positive RT-PCR test results within 1 to 12 days\u00a0after meeting the discharge criteria. These results confirmed that\u00a0many\u00a0recovered patients could show a positive\u00a0RT-PCR test result, and most of these patients could be identified by an additional RT-PCR test prior to discharge."}, {"pmid": 32482138, "title": "Guidelines for Resident Participation in Otolaryngology Telehealth Clinics During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Plocienniczak, Michal J", "Noordzij, J Pieter", "Grillone, Gregory", "Platt, Michael", "Brook, Christopher"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482138", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The practice of otolaryngology has changed drastically since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. To limit exposure and maintain a reserve of caregivers, residency education ceased most clinical activities and shifted to remote lecture consortiums hosted online across the country in lieu of ambulatory and operative experiences. Many practicing university otolaryngologists have transitioned their clinics to telehealth medicine to maintain access to clinical care during the pandemic. The participation of residents in telemedicine visits has not been described. Here we present guidelines and experience-based suggestions for successful resident involvement in telemedicine. While it is unclear what role telehealth medicine may play within the field of otolaryngology beyond the pandemic, our experiences suggest better patient outreach and access. Expanding residents' skill set with telehealth medicine can enhance their education and better prepare them for future practice."}, {"pmid": 32421857, "title": "Novel outbreak of acral lesions in times of COVID-19: A description of 74 cases from a tertiary university hospital in Spain.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Saenz Aguirre, A", "De la Torre Gomar, F J", "Roses-Gibert, P", "Gimeno Castillo, J", "Martinez de Lagran Alvarez de Arcaya, Z", "Gonzalez-Perez, R"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421857", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), reports concerning suspicious COVID-19 skin manifestations are progressively increasing. Morbilliform, varicelliform or urticarial rashes were firstly described1 . Later, acral erythematous or purpuric lesions2-4 were reported."}, {"pmid": 32292234, "pmcid": "PMC7138174", "title": "How to protect the protectors: 10 lessons to learn for doctors fighting the COVID-19 coronavirus.", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Udwadia, Zarir F", "Raju, Reyma Sara"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292234", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425273, "pmcid": "PMC7231736", "title": "Pulmonary embolism and Sars-Cov-2 infection: a new indication for surgical pulmonary endarterectomy?", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Pilato, Emanuele", "Manzo, Rachele", "Comentale, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425273", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504944, "pmcid": "PMC7261076", "title": "Implementation of rapid SARS-CoV-2 antigenic testing in a laboratory without access to molecular methods: Experiences of a general hospital.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Blairon, Laurent", "Wilmet, Alain", "Beukinga, Ingrid", "Tre-Hardy, Marie"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504944", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 Ag (Antigen) Respi-Strip assay is a new immunochromatographic diagnostic tool recently available for antigenic diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. The proposed sensitivity is not higher than 60 %, but its high specificity allows both quick decisions for the management of patients and confirmation by molecular diagnosis for only negative tests. However, from the first tests performed, we suspected that the sensitivity observed with routine use was much lower than that announced by the manufacturer. Over a period of one month, we compared the negative results obtained with the COVID-19 Ag Respi-Strip kit with those obtained from qRT-PCR performed in a laboratory qualified for the molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. All samples tested were naso-pharyngeal smears from UTM-RT medium. Of 774 patients tested, 714 negative samples were sent for confirmation, and 159 were found to be positive by qRT-PCR. The median positive percentage agreement was 23.9 % (95 % CI: 14.2 %-38.2 %). The Cohen's kappa score was 0.35. Using this immunochromatographic assay as a triage test did not significantly reduce the number of samples outsourced for COVID-19 confirmation by qRT-PCR. In addition, even if the turn-around time is short, the assay is completely manual, which is not suitable for large volumes of routine samples. The sensitivity of this rapid test is poor, and improvements are needed to enhance its performance."}, {"pmid": 32462566, "pmcid": "PMC7251799", "title": "Online Crowdfunding Response to Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Rajwa, Pawel", "Hopen, Philip", "Mu, Lin", "Paradysz, Andrzej", "Wojnarowicz, Jakub", "Gross, Cary P", "Leapman, Michael S"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462566", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255438, "title": "Evidence synthesis relevant to COVID-19: a protocol for multiple systematic reviews and overviews of systematic reviews.", "journal": "Medwave", "authors": ["Rada, Gabriel", "Verdugo-Paiva, Francisca", "Avila, Camila", "Morel-Marambio, Macarena", "Bravo-Jeria, Rocio", "Pesce, Franco", "Madrid, Eva", "Izcovich, Ariel"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255438", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The evidence on COVID-19 is being produced at high speed, so it is challenging for decision-makers to keep up. It seems appropriate, then, to put into practice a novel approach able to provide the scientific community and other interested parties with quality evidence that is actionable, and rapidly and efficiently produced. We designed a protocol for multiple parallel systematic reviews and overviews of systematic reviews in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols (PRISMA-P). We will search for primary studies and systematic reviews that answer different questions related to COVID-19 using both a centralized repository (Epistemonikos database) and a manual search in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We will also search for literature in several other sources. At least two researchers will independently undertake the selection of studies, data extraction, and assessment of the quality of the included studies. We will synthesize data for each question using meta-analysis, when possible, and we will prepare Summary of Findings tables according to the GRADE approach. All the evidence will be organized in an open platform (L\u00b7OVE - Living OVerview of Evidence) that will be continuously updated using artificial intelligence and a broad network of experts. No ethics approval is considered necessary. The results of these articles will be widely disseminated via peer-reviewed publications, social networks, and traditional media, and will be sent to relevant international organizations discussing this topic."}, {"pmid": 32425643, "pmcid": "PMC7233226", "title": "Association of inflammatory markers with the severity of COVID-19: A meta-analysis.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zeng, Furong", "Huang, Yuzhao", "Guo, Ying", "Yin, Mingzhu", "Chen, Xiang", "Xiao, Liang", "Deng, Guangtong"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425643", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Studies reported associations of inflammatory markers with the severity of COVID-19, but conclusions were inconsistent. We aimed to provide an overview of the association of inflammatory markers with the severity of COVID-19. We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database until March 20, 2020. Weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random or fixed-effects models. A total of 16 studies comprising 3962 patients with COVID-19 were included in our analysis. Random-effect results demonstrated that patients with COVID-19 in the nonsevere group had lower levels for CRP (WMD = -41.78 mg/l, 95% CI = [-52.43, -31.13], P < 0.001), PCT (WMD = -0.13 ng/ml, 95% CI = [-0.20, -0.05], P < 0.001), IL-6 (WMD = -21.32 ng/l, 95% CI = [-28.34, -14.31], P < 0.001), ESR (WMD = -8 mm/h, 95% CI = [-14, -2], P = 0.005), SAA (WMD = -43.35 \u03bcg/ml, 95% CI = [-80.85, -5.85], P = 0.020) and serum ferritin (WMD = -398.80 mg/l, 95% CI = [-625.89, -171.71], P < 0.001), compared with those in the severe group. Moreover, survivors had a lower level of IL-6 than non-survivors (WMD = -4.80 ng/ml, 95% CI = [-5.87, -3.73], P < 0.001). These results were consistent through sensitivity analysis and publication bias assessment. The meta-analysis highlights the association of inflammatory markers with the severity of COVID-19. Measurement of inflammatory markers might assist clinicians to monitor and evaluate the severity and prognosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32303741, "pmcid": "PMC7188171", "title": "Will COVID-19 infection be less severe in ulcerative colitis than in Crohn's patients due to a lower rate of smokers?", "journal": "J Crohns Colitis", "authors": ["Peyrin-Biroulet, Carina", "D'Amico, Ferdinando", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303741", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449034, "pmcid": "PMC7245989", "title": "Preventing transmission among operating room staff during COVID-19 pandemic: the role of the Aerosol Box and other personal protective equipment.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Bianco, F", "Incollingo, P", "Grossi, U", "Gallo, G"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449034", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is highly challenging for the operating room staff and healthcare workers in emergency departments. SARS-CoV-2 is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA beta-coronavirus that primarily targets the human respiratory system, with fever, cough, myalgia, and pneumonia as the most common manifestations. However, since SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in stool specimens much more attention has been paid to gastrointestinal symptoms such as loss of appetite, nausea, and diarrhea. Furthermore, the expression of ACE-2 receptors in absorptive enterocytes from ileum and colon suggests that these organs should also be considered as a potential high risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. During aerosol-generating medical procedures (AGMP; e.g. intubating and extubating patients or any surgical procedures), the production of both airborne particles and droplets may increase the risk of infection. In this situation, the surgical staff is strongly recommended to wear personal protective equipment (PPE). A transparent plastic cube, the so-called \"Aerosol Box\" (AB), has been recently designed to lend further protection against droplets and aerosol exposure during the AGMP."}, {"pmid": 32521557, "title": "[Smell disorders at COVID-19 - the current level of knowledge].", "journal": "Laryngorhinootologie", "authors": ["Otte, Martin Sylvester", "Klussmann, Jens Peter", "Luers, Jan Christoffer"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521557", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early reports of SARS-CoV-2 infections only rarely mentioned smell and taste disorders. Several studies, particularly from Europe and the USA, have now confirmed these symptoms as an early key feature of COVID-19. About 70\u200a% of patients seem to experience a reduction of smell and taste in the course of the disease, with most of the studies published to date based on questionnaires and anamnestic data. Validated smell tests have so far only been used in a few studies. A distinction between taste and taste disorders, i.\u200ae. a distinction between retronasal aroma taste and the olfactory system from the dysfunction of taste capsules and the further cranial nerves, was mostly not made in the studies available to date. Some reports associate olfactory disorders with a milder clinical course. At the same time, the olfactory system via the olfactory bulb represents an entry point into the central nervous system, and an olfactory disorder could be a predisposing factor for central neurological symptoms. The clinical significance of smell and taste disorders in COVID-19 patients is currently still unclear. Further open questions concern the exact prevalence and the prognosis, so that overall higher quality studies with validated smell tests and larger numbers of patients are required."}, {"pmid": 32513639, "title": "COVID-19 The Great Disruptor.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Nikkhah, Mr Dariush"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513639", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463735, "title": "Iran Without Mandatory Quarantine and with Social Distancing Strategy Against Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Health Secur", "authors": ["Abdi, Milad", "Mirzaei, Rasoul"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463735", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353808, "pmcid": "PMC7174192", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection control measures for the anesthesiology department: experience from the Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, China.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Xie, Min", "Huang, Jian Xin", "Chen, Pan Pan", "Wei, Xin Chuan", "Li, Xiang Kui", "Zhang, Ping", "Yang, Li Na", "Zhou, Qin"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353808", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32170027, "title": "Trainees and covid-19: your questions answered.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32170027", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421541, "pmcid": "PMC7172670", "title": "Practical strategies for a safe and effective delivery of aerosolized medications to patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["Ari, Arzu"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421541", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19, the disease caused by a novel coronavirus and named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread rapidly across the globe. It has caused outbreaks of illness due to person-to-person transmission of the virus mainly via close contacts and droplets produced by an infected person's cough or sneeze. Exhaled droplets from infected patients with COVID-19 can be inhaled into the lungs and leads to respiratory illness such as pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Although aerosol therapy is a mainstay procedure used to treat pulmonary diseases at home and healthcare settings, it has a potential for fugitive emissions during therapy due to the generation of aerosols and droplets as a source of respiratory pathogens. Delivering aerosolized medications to patients with COVID-19 can aggravate the spread of the novel coronavirus. This has been a real concern for caregivers and healthcare professionals who are susceptible to unintended inhalation of fugitive emissions during therapy. Due to a scarcity of information in this area of clinical practice, the purpose of this paper is to explain how to deliver aerosolized medications to mild-, sub-intensive, and intensive-care patients with COVID-19 and how to protect staff from exposure to exhaled droplets during aerosol therapy."}, {"pmid": 32387332, "pmcid": "PMC7200352", "title": "Current development of COVID-19 diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Naru", "Li, Chaoqun", "Hu, Yue", "Li, Kangchen", "Liang, Jintian", "Wang, Lili", "Du, Lanying", "Jiang, Shibo"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387332", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus, designated as SARS-CoV-2, first emerged in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, in late December 2019. The rapidly increasing number of cases has caused worldwide panic. In this review, we describe some currently applied diagnostic approaches, as well as therapeutics and vaccines, to prevent, treat and control further outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32501538, "title": "A comparative study on the time to achieve negative nucleic acid testing and hospital stays between Danoprevir and Lopinavir/Ritonavir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Zhicheng", "Wang, Shumei", "Tu, Xianglin", "Peng, Xuping", "Huang, Yanxia", "Wang, Li", "Ju, Weihua", "Rao, Jianfeng", "Li, Xue", "Zhu, Donghong", "Sun, Huabao", "Chen, Hongyi"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501538", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019\u00a0(COVID-19) first outbroke in Wuhan city, China, and has now become a global pandemic. However, there is no specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19. This study enrolled 33 COVID-19 patients in the nineth hospital of Nanchang from January 27th to February 24th , 2020. Clinical indexes of patients upon admission/discharge were examined. Patients were divided into two groups according to different treatment plans (Danoprevir; Lopinavir/Ritonavir). The days to achieve negative nucleic acid testing and the days of hospital stays were counted and statistically analyzed. COVID-19 patients treated with Danoprevir or Lopinavir/Ritonavir were all improved and discharged. Indexes like blood routine, inflammation and immune-related indexes were significantly recovered after treatment. Additionally, under the circumstance that there was no significant difference in patients' general information between the two groups, we found that the mean time to achieve negative nucleic acid testing and hospital stays of patients treated with Danoprevir both were significantly shorter than those of patients with Lopinavir/Ritonavir. Collectively, applying Danoprevir is a good treatment plan for COVID-19 patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32487424, "pmcid": "PMC7256531", "title": "Absence of Evidence Is Not the Evidence of Absence: Clinical Consideration when Interpreting Guidelines for the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Ip, Vivian", "Sondekoppam, Rakesh"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487424", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387016, "pmcid": "PMC7165086", "title": "Perioperative Echocardiography During the Coronavirus Crisis: Considerations in Pediatrics and Congenital Heart Disease.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387016", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411296, "pmcid": "PMC7213544", "title": "Child and adolescent mental health service provision and research during the Covid-19 pandemic: challenges, opportunities, and a call for submissions.", "journal": "Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health", "authors": ["Witt, Andreas", "Ordonez, Anna", "Martin, Andres", "Vitiello, Benedetto", "Fegert, Jorg M"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411296", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411034, "pmcid": "PMC7202136", "title": "Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in the First-Line Medical Staff Fighting Against COVID-19 in Gansu.", "journal": "Front Psychiatry", "authors": ["Zhu, Juhong", "Sun, Lin", "Zhang, Lan", "Wang, Huan", "Fan, Ajiao", "Yang, Bin", "Li, Wei", "Xiao, Shifu"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411034", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has brought enormous physical and psychological pressure on Chinese medical staff. It is extremely important to understand the prevalence and influencing factors of anxiety and depression symptoms in first-line anti-epidemic medical staff and their coping styles for these negative emotions. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Gansu (China), with a questionnaire packet which consisted of the self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and the simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ). A total of 79 doctors and 86 nurses participated in the survey. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the relationship between SAS, SDS, and SCSQ score. A linear regression model was used to determine the influencing factors for anxiety or depression symptoms. The prevalence rates of anxiety and depression symptoms among doctors was 11.4% and 45.6%, respectively. History of depression or anxiety (T=-2.644, p= 0.010, 95%CI: -10.514~-1.481) was shown to be a risk factor for anxiety symptoms in doctors, while being male (T=2.970, p=0.004, 95%CI: 2.667~13.521) was a protective factor for depression. The prevalence rate of anxiety and depression symptoms among nurses was 27.9% and 43.0%, respectively. History of depression or anxiety was a common risk factor for anxiety symptoms (T=-3.635, p=0.000, 95%CI: -16.360~-4.789) and depression symptoms (T=-2.835, p=0.005, 95%CI:-18.238~-3.254) in nurses. The results of partial correlation analysis (controlled for gender and history of depression or anxiety) indicated that the total score of positive coping was negatively correlated with the total score of anxiety (r=-0.182, p=0.002) and depression (r=-0.253, p=0.001). The first-line anti-epidemic medical staff have high anxiety and depression symptoms and adopting positive coping styles will help to improve their negative emotions."}, {"pmid": 32305078, "pmcid": "PMC7162621", "title": "Blood transfusion strategies and ECMO during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Koeckerling, David", "Pan, Daniel", "Mudalige, N Lakmal", "Oyefeso, Oluwatobiloba", "Barker, Joseph"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305078", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371550, "pmcid": "PMC7217655", "title": "COVID-19 infection in a patient with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Barzegar, Mahdi", "Mirmosayyeb, Omid", "Nehzat, Nasim", "Sarrafi, Reza", "Khorvash, Farzin", "Maghzi, Amir-Hadi", "Shaygannejad, Vahid"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371550", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201449, "pmcid": "PMC7074424", "title": "Drug targets for corona virus: A systematic review.", "journal": "Indian J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Prajapat, Manisha", "Sarma, Phulen", "Shekhar, Nishant", "Avti, Pramod", "Sinha, Shweta", "Kaur, Hardeep", "Kumar, Subodh", "Bhattacharyya, Anusuya", "Kumar, Harish", "Bansal, Seema", "Medhi, Bikash"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201449", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019-novel coronavirus (nCoV) is a major source of disaster in the 21th century. However, the lack of specific drugs to prevent/treat an attack is a major need at this current point of time. In this regard, we conducted a systematic review to identify major druggable targets in coronavirus (CoV). We searched PubMed and RCSB database with keywords HCoV, NCoV, corona virus, SERS-CoV, MERS-CoV, 2019-nCoV, crystal structure, X-ray crystallography structure, NMR structure, target, and drug target till Feb 3, 2020. The search identified seven major targets (spike protein, envelop protein, membrane protein, protease, nucleocapsid protein, hemagglutinin esterase, and helicase) for which drug design can be considered. There are other 16 nonstructural proteins (NSPs), which can also be considered from the drug design perspective. The major structural proteins and NSPs may serve an important role from drug design perspectives. However, the occurrence of frequent recombination events is a major deterrent factor toward the development of CoV-specific vaccines/drugs."}, {"pmid": 32237901, "pmcid": "PMC7157951", "title": "Immune-epidemiological parameters of the novel coronavirus - a perspective.", "journal": "Expert Rev Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Saghazadeh, Amene", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237901", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the end of 2019, Wuhan, a city in China with a population of about 11 million, witnessed the outbreak of unusual pneumonia. As of 29 March 2020, the disease has spread to more 199 countries and territories worldwide. The 2019 novel coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, is known as the probable causative agent of the illness. Here, the epidemiological dynamics of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that stand in close relation to distinct immunogenetic characters of the pathogen are discussed, to understand the ability and inability of the immune system in combatting COVID-19. The elderly population is at increased risk of developing and dying from COVID-19. Comorbidity is present in more than 30% of cases with COVID-19. Except for less than 1% of the total, a chronic condition has been found in all cases that died from COVID-19. Men are more than 1.5 times more likely to die from COVID-19. Evidence links aging to cytokine dysregulation and T-cell repertoire reduction, male population to relatively reduced anti-viral immunity, and COVID-19-related comorbidities to hyper inflammation. The transmission of COVID-19 is influenced by the host-related factors that are known to be associated with immune dysregulation."}, {"pmid": 32340900, "pmcid": "PMC7164859", "title": "Risks of viral contamination in healthcare professionals during laparoscopy in the Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Veziant, J", "Bourdel, N", "Slim, K"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340900", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid-19 pandemic has markedly changed our practices. This article analyses the risks of contamination among healthcare professionals (HCPs) during laparoscopic surgery on patients with Covid-19. Harmful effects of aerosols from a pneumoperitoneum, with the virus present, have not yet been quantified. Measures for the protection of HCPs are an extrapolation of those taken during other epidemics. They must still be mandatory to minimise the risk of viral contamination. Protection measures include personal protection equipment for HCPs, adaptation of surgical technique (method for obtaining pneumoperitoneum, filters, preferred intracorporeal anastomosis, precautions during the exsufflation of the pneumoperitoneum), and organisation of the operating room."}, {"pmid": 32339561, "pmcid": "PMC7195357", "title": "Considerations for Bedside Urologic Procedures in Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Souders, Colby P", "Zhao, Hanson", "Ackerman, A Lenore"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339561", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To provide guidance when performing bedside urologic procedures on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive patients and offer considerations to maximize the safety of the patients and providers, conserve supplies, and provide optimal management of urologic issues. Urologic trainees and attending physicians at our institution, who are familiar with existing safety recommendations and guidelines regarding the care of infected patients, were queried regarding their experiences to determine an expert consensus on best practices for bedside procedures for SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Our team developed the following general recommendations for urologic interventions on SARS-CoV-2 positive patients: maximize use of telehealth (even for inpatient consults), minimize in-room time, use personal protective equipment appropriately, enlist a colleague to assist, and acquire all supplies that may be needed and maintain them outside the room. Detailed recommendations were also developed for difficult urethral catheterization, bedside cystoscopy, incision and drainage of abscesses, and gross hematuria/clot irrigations. As patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection are predominantly men over 50 years old, there are significant urologic challenges common in this population that have emerged with this pandemic. While there is tremendous variation in how different regions have been affected, the demographics of SARS-CoV-2 mean that urologists will continue to have a unique role in helping to manage these patients. Here, we summarize recommendations for bedside urologic interventions specific to SARS-CoV-2 positive patients based on experiences from a large metropolitan hospital system. Regulations and requirements may differ on an institutional basis, so these guidelines are intended to augment specific local protocols."}, {"pmid": 32243947, "pmcid": "PMC7174833", "title": "Beyond the assistance: additional exposure situations to COVID-19 for healthcare workers.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Belingheri, M", "Paladino, M E", "Riva, M A"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243947", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467015, "pmcid": "PMC7205629", "title": "[SARS-CoV-2: A peculiar presentation].", "journal": "Semergen", "authors": ["Crespo Sabaris, R", "Isaula Jimenez, O F", "Azofra Andres, B"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467015", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492610, "pmcid": "PMC7242208", "title": "Role of a habitat's air humidity in Covid-19 mortality.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Biktasheva, Irina V"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492610", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Transient local over-dry environment might be a contributor and an explanation for the observed asynchronous local rises in Covid-19 mortality. We propose that a habitat's air humidity negatively correlate with Covid-19 morbidity and mortality, and support this hypothesis on the example of publicly available data from German federal states."}, {"pmid": 32356302, "pmcid": "PMC7267570", "title": "Antenatal corticosteroid therapy and COVID-19: Pathophysiological considerations.", "journal": "Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand", "authors": ["Sichitiu, Joanna", "Fakhouri, Fadi", "Desseauve, David"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356302", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270923, "pmcid": "PMC7262333", "title": "Stand Together and Deliver: Challenges and Opportunities for Rheumatology Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Arthritis Rheumatol", "authors": ["Koumpouras, Fotios", "Helfgott, Simon"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270923", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471637, "pmcid": "PMC7195274", "title": "Managing the COVID-19 pandemic: international comparisons in dialysis patients.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Kliger, Alan S", "Cozzolino, Mario", "Jha, Vivekanand", "Harbert, Glenda", "Ikizler, T Alp"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471637", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366766, "pmcid": "PMC7224603", "title": "The case for continuing elective cataract surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Cataract Refract Surg", "authors": ["Shih, Kendrick C", "Wong, Jasper K W", "Lai, Jimmy S M", "Chan, Jonathan C H"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366766", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506536, "title": "Emerging viral mutants in Australia suggest RNA recombination event in the SARS-CoV-2 genome.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Yeh, Ting-Yu", "Contreras, Gregory P"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506536", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525394, "title": "What a Difference a Disaster Makes: The Telehealth Revolution in the Age of COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Med Qual", "authors": ["Maese, John R", "Seminara, Donna", "Shah, Zeel", "Szerszen, Anita"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525394", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the existence of telemedicine since the late 1950s and early 1960s, it took a pandemic to bring this technology mainstream. The critical urgency of the pandemic drove an auspicious alignment of policy, economics, and technology to facilitate the widespread implementation of telehealth. It is imperative that this synchronicity be maintained in the post-COVID era in order to optimize our health care system to be ready for the next threat to the health of the United States."}, {"pmid": 32524835, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Critical Care Transfers for ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and Aortic Emergencies.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Khot, Umesh N", "Reimer, Andrew P", "Brown, Abigail", "Hustey, Fredric M", "Hussain, M Shazam", "Kapadia, Samir R", "Svensson, Lars G"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524835", "countries": ["United States", "China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted healthcare delivery worldwide. In hotspot areas such as Wuhan, Lombardy, and New York City, the disease has forced hospitals to focus on COVID-19 patients. Anecdotal reports have suggested that the pandemic has led to a decrease in patients presenting to these hospitals with serious cardiovascular and neurologic diseases such as ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and stroke. We sought to measure the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on emergency transfers for STEMI, stroke, and acute aortic emergencies within our regional health system."}, {"pmid": 32454030, "pmcid": "PMC7255324", "title": "Chemotherapy directly followed by PARP inhibition as an alternative to surgery in patients with BRCA- mutated ovarian cancer - a potential management strategy in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Vetter, Monica Hagan", "Smrz, Stacy A", "Copeland, Larry J", "Cohn, David E"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454030", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490913, "title": "Challenges and opportunities for telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic: ideas on spaces and initiatives in the Brazilian context.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Caetano, Rosangela", "Silva, Angelica Baptista", "Guedes, Ana Cristina Carneiro Menezes", "Paiva, Carla Cardi Nepomuceno de", "Ribeiro, Gizele da Rocha", "Santos, Daniela Lacerda", "Silva, Rondineli Mendes da"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490913", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has created enormous challenges for health systems worldwide, with the rapidly growing number of deaths and critical patients with pneumonia requiring ventilatory support. Alternative methods to control the spread of the disease such as social isolation, extreme quarantine measures, and contact tracing have been used around the world. However, these measures may not be totally effective to fight COVID-19, in step with the necessary national preparations to meet the new patient care demands. A wide range of digital technologies can be used to enhance these public health strategies, and the pandemic has sparked increasing use of telehealth. This field has grown considerably in Brazil in recent years. Still, despite the intense proliferation of recommendations and rules, until the current pandemic the country still lacked a fully consolidated regulatory framework. The emergence of COVID-19 marks a key moment in the expansion of applications and use of telehealth for improving the health system's response to the current crisis. The article discusses telehealth's contribution to the fight against COVID-19 and the recent initiatives triggered in Brazil as opportunities for the consolidation of telemedicine and improvement of the Brazilian Unified National Health System. The authors conclude that telehealth offers capabilities for remote screening, care and treatment, and assists monitoring, surveillance, detection, prevention, and mitigation of the impacts on healthcare indirectly related to COVID-19. The initiatives triggered in this process can reshape the future space of telemedicine in health services in the territory."}, {"pmid": 32345860, "pmcid": "PMC7199776", "title": "Anesthesia Considerations and Infection Precautions for Trauma and Acute Care Cases During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Gong, Yahong", "Cao, Xuezhao", "Mei, Wei", "Wang, Jun", "Shen, Le", "Wang, Sheng", "Lu, Zhijie", "Yu, Chunhua", "Che, Lu", "Xu, Xiaohan", "Tan, Juan", "Ma, Hong", "Huang, Yuguang"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345860", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide. During the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic, most hospitals have postponed elective surgeries. However, some emergency surgeries especially for trauma patients are inevitable. For patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, a standard protocol addressing preoperative preparation, intraoperative management and postoperative surveillance should be implemented to avoid nosocomial infection and ensure the safety of patients and the healthcare workforce. With reference to the guidelines and recommendations issued by the National Health Commission and Chinese Society of Anesthesiology, this article provides recommendations for anesthesia management of trauma and emergency surgery cases during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32478545, "title": "Inequity and the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on communities of color in the United States: The need for a trauma-informed social justice response.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Fortuna, Lisa R", "Tolou-Shams, Marina", "Robles-Ramamurthy, Barbara", "Porche, Michelle V"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478545", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has had disproportionate contagion and fatality in Black, Latino, and Native American communities and among the poor in the United States. Toxic stress resulting from racial and social inequities have been magnified during the pandemic, with implications for poor physical and mental health and socioeconomic outcomes. It is imperative that our country focus and invest in addressing health inequities and work across sectors to build self-efficacy and long-term capacity within communities and systems of care serving the most disenfranchised, now and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 epidemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32306403, "pmcid": "PMC7264727", "title": "How effective response to COVID-19 relies on nursing research.", "journal": "Res Nurs Health", "authors": ["Lake, Eileen T"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306403", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434963, "title": "2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: SOS Alert for Dentists.", "journal": "J Contemp Dent Pract", "authors": ["Vidya, G S", "Patil, Shankargouda", "Raj, A Thirumal"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434963", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 31, 2020, novel coronavirus (nCoV), a zoonotic virus yet to be identified into the taxonomy, created a powerful ripple through mankind that the World Health Organization has declared a global health emergency.1 This is definitely not the first time that an alarm has been rung by this family of viruses. Epidemic impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) due to SARS CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) by MERS CoV has engraved their place in the scientific literature.2 In general, CoV is known to cause respiratory diseases in humans and accounts for one-third of common cold infections.3 The current outbreak by 2019 nCoV in the Chinese city of Wuhan began in December 2019, has infected nearly 102,188 with 3,491 deaths reported as of March 7, 2020, and has spread to nearly 92 countries.1,4 An assumed incubation period between 2 and 14 days, with flu-like symptoms, may progress into severe pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome which may be the reason for mortality.5,6."}, {"pmid": 32370727, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 & Covid-19: Key-Roles of the 'Renin-Angiotensin' System / Vitamin D Impacting Drug and Vaccine Developments.", "journal": "Infect Disord Drug Targets", "authors": ["Cao, Zhijian", "Wu, Yingliang", "Faucon, Emmanuelle", "Sabatier, Jean-Marc"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370727", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305440, "pmcid": "PMC7161494", "title": "Big data and cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Grant-Kels, Jane M", "Sloan, Brett", "Kantor, Jonathan", "Elston, Dirk M"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305440", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502534, "pmcid": "PMC7266567", "title": "Medical Student Development of K-12 Educational Resources During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Reardon, Rachel", "Beyer, Logan", "Carpenter, Kendall", "Irwin, Margaret", "Kester, Katherine", "Laird, Jessica", "Moore, Chandler", "Shah, Priya", "Conrad, Rachel"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502534", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312919, "title": "Guidelines for the management of surgical departments in non-uniform hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Pol Przegl Chir", "authors": ["Mitura, Kryspin", "Mysliwiec, Piotr", "Rogula, Wojciech", "Solecki, Michal", "Furtak, Jaroslaw Piotr", "Kazanowski, Michal", "Klek, Stanislaw", "Nowakowski, Michal", "Pedziwiatr, Michal", "Zawadzki, Marek", "Wallner, Grzegorz", "Sobocki, Jacek"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312919", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the last several weeks we have been witnessing the exponentially progressing pandemic SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. As the number of people infected with SARS-CoV2 escalates, the problem of surgical management of patients requiring urgent surgery is increasing. Patients infected with SARS-CoV2 virus but with negative test results will appear in general hospitals and may pose a risk to other patients and hospital staff. Health care workers constitutes nearly 17% of infected population in Poland, therefore early identification of infected people becomes a priority to protect human resources and to ensure continuity of the access to a surgical care. Both surgical operations, and endoscopic procedures are considered as interventions with an increased risk of infection. Therefore, determining the algorithm becomes crucial for qualifying patients for surgical treatment, but also to stratify the risk of personnel being infected during surgery and to adequately protect staff. Each hospital should be logistically prepared for the need to perform urgent surgery on a patient with suspected or confirmed infection, including personal protective equipment. Limited availability of the equipment, working under pressure and staff shortages in addition to a highly contagious pathogen necessitate a pragmatic management of human resources in health care. Instant synchronized action is needed, and clear uniform guidelines are essential for the healthcare system to provide citizens with the necessary surgical care while protecting both patients, and staff. This document presents current recommendations regarding surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland."}, {"pmid": 32458969, "title": "Early Outpatient Treatment of Symptomatic, High-Risk Covid-19 Patients that Should be Ramped-Up Immediately as Key to the Pandemic Crisis.", "journal": "Am J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Risch, Harvey A"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458969", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "More than 1.6 million Americans have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 and >10 times that number carry antibodies to it. High-risk patients presenting with progressing symptomatic disease have only hospitalization treatment with its high mortality. An outpatient treatment that prevents hospitalization is desperately needed. Two candidate medications have been widely discussed: remdesivir, and hydroxychloroquine+azithromycin. Remdesivir has shown mild effectiveness in hospitalized inpatients, but no trials have been registered in outpatients. Hydroxychloroquine+azithromycin has been widely misrepresented in both clinical reports and public media, and outpatient trials results are not expected until September. Early outpatient illness is very different than later hospitalized florid disease and the treatments differ. Evidence about use of hydroxychloroquine alone, or of hydroxychloroquine+azithromycin in inpatients, is irrelevant concerning efficacy of the pair in early high-risk outpatient disease. Five studies, including two controlled clinical trials, have demonstrated significant major outpatient treatment efficacy. Hydroxychloroquine+azithromycin has been used as standard-of-care in more than 300,000 older adults with multicomorbidities, with estimated proportion diagnosed with cardiac arrhythmias attributable to the medications 47/100,000 users, of which estimated mortality is <20%, 9/100,000 users, compared to the 10,000 Americans now dying each week. These medications need to be widely available and promoted immediately for physicians to prescribe."}, {"pmid": 32364959, "pmcid": "PMC7172864", "title": "Diagnostic performance between CT and initial real-time RT-PCR for clinically suspected 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients outside Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Respir Med", "authors": ["He, Jian-Long", "Luo, Lin", "Luo, Zhen-Dong", "Lyu, Jian-Xun", "Ng, Ming-Yen", "Shen, Xin-Ping", "Wen, Zhibo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364959", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chest CT is thought to be sensitive but less specific in diagnosing the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The diagnostic value of CT is unclear. We aimed to compare the performance of CT and initial RT-PCR for clinically suspected COVID-19 patients outside the epicentre-Wuhan, China. Patients clinically suspected of COVID-19 infection who underwent initial RT-PCR and chest CT at the same time were retrospectively enrolled. Two radiologists with specific training reviewed the CT images independently and final diagnoses of the presence or absence of COVID-19 was reached by consensus. With serial RT-PCR as reference standard, the performance of initial RT-PCR and chest CT was analysed. A strategy of combining initial RT-PCR and chest CT was analysed to study the additional benefit. 82 patients admitted to hospital between Jan 10, 2020 to Feb 28, 2020 were enrolled. 34 COVID-19 and 48 non-COVID-19 patients were identified by serial RT-PCR. The sensitivity, specificity was 79% (27/34) and 100% (48/48) for initial RT-PCR and 77% (26/34) and 96% (46/48) for chest CT. The image readers had a good interobserver agreement with Cohen's kappa of 0.69. No statistical difference was found in the diagnostic performance between initial RT-PCR and chest CT. The comprehensive strategy had a higher sensitivity of 94% (32/34). Initial RT-PCR and chest CT had comparable diagnostic performance in identification of suspected COVID-19 patients outside the epidemic center. To compensate potential risk of false-negative PCR, chest CT should be applied for clinically suspected patients with negative initial RT-PCR."}, {"pmid": 32383793, "pmcid": "PMC7272952", "title": "Lung Ultrasound and the COVID-19 \"Pattern\": Not All That Glitters Today Is Gold Tomorrow.", "journal": "J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["Vetrugno, Luigi", "Bove, Tiziana", "Orso, Daniele", "Bassi, Flavio", "Boero, Enrico", "Ferrari, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383793", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319102, "pmcid": "PMC7264781", "title": "Points to consider in the preparation and transfusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Epstein, Jay", "Burnouf, Thierry"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319102", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406576, "pmcid": "PMC7272841", "title": "Serum amyloid A is a predictor for prognosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["Mo, Xiao-Neng", "Su, Zhu-Quan", "Lei, Chun-Liang", "Chen, Di-Fei", "Peng, Hui", "Chen, Ru-Chong", "Sang, Ling", "Wu, Hong-Kai", "Li, Shi-Yue"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406576", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412150, "pmcid": "PMC7272911", "title": "COVID-19 and Indigenous Peoples: An imperative for action.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Power, Tamara", "Wilson, Denise", "Best, Odette", "Brockie, Teresa", "Bourque Bearskin, Lisa", "Millender, Eugenia", "Lowe, John"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412150", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478543, "title": "Preloss grief in family members of COVID-19 patients: Recommendations for clinicians and researchers.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Singer, Jonathan", "Spiegel, Jamie A", "Papa, Anthony"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478543", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Researchers have long examined grief-related reactions to the diagnosis of a loved one with a terminal illness, including preloss grief (PLG), which is the experience of grief symptoms prior to the loss of a loved one. Families face novel challenges when loved ones with COVID-19 become critically ill-most notably mandated physical separation-and may experience a wide range of PLG responses. This commentary examines the existing literature related to PLG as a means for understanding the psychological impact of COVID-19 deaths, identifies factors professionals can assess for and address when working with a family member of COVID-19 patients, and identifies areas for future research related to COVID-19 and PLG. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32272480, "pmcid": "PMC7206349", "title": "Mental Health and Psychosocial Problems of Medical Health Workers during the COVID-19 Epidemic in China.", "journal": "Psychother Psychosom", "authors": ["Zhang, Wen-Rui", "Wang, Kun", "Yin, Lu", "Zhao, Wen-Feng", "Xue, Qing", "Peng, Mao", "Min, Bao-Quan", "Tian, Qing", "Leng, Hai-Xia", "Du, Jia-Lin", "Chang, Hong", "Yang, Yuan", "Li, Wei", "Shangguan, Fang-Fang", "Yan, Tian-Yi", "Dong, Hui-Qing", "Han, Ying", "Wang, Yu-Ping", "Cosci, Fiammetta", "Wang, Hong-Xing"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272480", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We explored whether medical health workers had more psychosocial problems than nonmedical health workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. An online survey was run from February 19 to March 6, 2020; a total of 2,182 Chinese subjects participated. Mental health variables were assessed via the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Symptom Check List-revised (SCL-90-R), and the Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), which included a 2-item anxiety scale and a 2-item depression scale (PHQ-2). Compared with nonmedical health workers (n = 1,255), medical health workers (n = 927) had a higher prevalence of insomnia (38.4 vs. 30.5%, p < 0.01), anxiety (13.0 vs. 8.5%, p < 0.01), depression (12.2 vs. 9.5%; p< 0.04), somatization (1.6 vs. 0.4%; p < 0.01), and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (5.3 vs. 2.2%; p < 0.01). They also had higher total scores of ISI, GAD-2, PHQ-2, and SCL-90-R obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p \u2264 0.01). Among medical health workers, having organic disease was an independent factor for insomnia, anxiety, depression, somatization, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.05 or 0.01). Living in rural areas, being female, and being at risk of contact with COVID-19 patients were the most common risk factors for insomnia, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and depression (p < 0.01 or 0.05). Among nonmedical health workers, having organic disease was a risk factor for insomnia, depression, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (p < 0.01 or 0.05). During the COVID-19 outbreak, medical health workers had psychosocial problems and risk factors for developing them. They were in need of attention and recovery programs."}, {"pmid": 32314596, "title": "Challenges in Heart Transplantation in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["DeFilippis, Ersilia M", "Farr, Maryjane A", "Givertz, Michael M"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314596", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485959, "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak Perception in Italian Dentists.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["De Stefani, Alberto", "Bruno, Giovanni", "Mutinelli, Sabrina", "Gracco, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485959", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study is an evaluation of the Italian dentists' knowledge regarding COVID-19 and their perception of the risks associated with COVID-19, their attitude in resuming their activities, and how they judge the institutional intervention on a health and economic basis. This research evaluated Italian dentists from 11 to 18 April 2020, using a questionnaire submitted via Google Forms (Alphabet, Mountain View, CA, USA). It consisted of different investigations about sociodemographic aspects, profession-related characteristics, knowledge about COVID-19 infection transmission modalities, symptoms, and attitude in treating potentially infected patients. Statistical analysis was performed using the Pearson chi2 test and Student t-test. The \u03b1-level was fixed at p = 0.05. All data were analyzed with STATA 16 (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX, USA). 1500 dentists (664 men and 836 women) completed the questionnaire. The majority of respondents declared having been trained in infection prevention procedures (64.3%) but not specifically to prevent the spread of COVID-19 (48.7%). A total of 57.2% declared that they were not trained sufficiently to restart working after lockdown, with a significantly higher prevalence (Pearson chi2 test, p < 0.001) among women (62.3%) than men (50.9%). Italian dentists were informed correctly on the mode of transmission but partially missed COVID-19 symptoms. Dentists considered the virus infection highly dangerous, and they were not confident in being able to work safely. The lack of precise operating guidelines creates uncertainties on infection control measures and appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) use. The participants revealed apprehension for their health and the current and future economic situation of their practices."}, {"pmid": 32388117, "pmcid": "PMC7252133", "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) prevention: Virtual classroom education for hand hygiene.", "journal": "Nurse Educ Pract", "authors": ["Ng, Yuet-Ming", "Or, Pui Lai Peggy"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388117", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has spread rapidly in Asia, Europe, the Middle East and the Americas. Considering the recent outbreak of COVID-19, some precautionary measures have been announced, including campus class suspensions. Nursing campus courses have also been suspended, and there may be a learning gap between hand hygiene theory and clinical training for nursing students. A virtual classroom education approach may help address the learning gap by providing ongoing theoretical strengthening of hand hygiene during clinical nursing training. This editorial proposes a 3-step virtual classroom education approach to support nursing educators in online theoretical hand hygiene enhancement."}, {"pmid": 32392389, "pmcid": "PMC7272991", "title": "COVID-19 in patients with myasthenia gravis.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Anand, Pria", "Slama, Michael C C", "Kaku, Michelle", "Ong, Charlene", "Cervantes-Arslanian, Anna M", "Zhou, Lan", "David, William S", "Guidon, Amanda C"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392389", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly become a global pandemic, but little is known about its potential impact on patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). We studied the clinical course of COVID-19 in five hospitalized patients with autoimmune MG (four with acetylcholine receptor antibodies, one with muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibodies) between April 1, 2020-April 30-2020. Two patients required intubation for hypoxemic respiratory failure, whereas one required significant supplemental oxygen. One patient with previously stable MG had myasthenic exacerbation. One patient treated with tocilizumab for COVID-19 was successfully extubated. Two patients were treated for MG with intravenous immunoglobulin without thromboembolic complications. Our findings suggest that the clinical course and outcomes in patients with MG and COVID-19 are highly variable. Further large studies are needed to define best practices and determinants of outcomes in this unique population."}, {"pmid": 32353519, "pmcid": "PMC7185020", "title": "Characteristics and challenges of psychological first aid in China during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Yang, Jianzhong", "Tong, Jun", "Meng, Fu", "Feng, Qiang", "Ma, Hong", "Shi, Chuan", "Yuan, Jing", "Yang, Shuran", "Liu, Liang", "Xu, Li", "Xi, YingJun", "Li, Wentian", "Rohlof, Hans", "Zhao, Xudong", "Kang, Chuanyuan"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353519", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273336, "title": "Case for continuing community NIV and CPAP during the COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Thorax", "authors": ["Baker, Jillian G", "Sovani, Milind"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472655, "title": "Cytokine storm in COVID-19 and parthenolide: preclinical evidence.", "journal": "Phytother Res", "authors": ["Bahrami, Mohsen", "Kamalinejad, Mohammad", "Latifi, Seied Amirhossein", "Seif, Farhad", "Dadmehr, Majid"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472655", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A group of patients with pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were reported from China in December 2019. Although several antiviral drugs are widely tested, none of them has been approved as specific antiviral therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Accumulating evidence established a hyperinflammatory states or cytokine storm in COVID-19. Among these cytokines, IL-6 plays a key role in cytokine storm and can predict the adverse clinical outcomes and fatality in these patients. Based on the evidence of the significant role of IL-6 in cytokine storm, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases as principal comorbidities, it seems that anti-cytokine therapy may be useful in patients with severe COVID-19 to reduce mortality. Recent studies demonstrated that herbal-derived natural products had immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties and exhibited exceptional act on mediators of inflammation. Parthenolide is the principal sesquiterpene lactones and the main biologically active constituent Tanacetum parthenium (commonly known as feverfew) which has could significantly reduce IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-\u03b1 production pathways established in several human cell line models in vitro and in vivo studies. Therefore, parthenolide may be one of the herbal candidates for clinical evaluation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32482373, "pmcid": "PMC7241374", "title": "Tocilizumab: A Therapeutic Option for the Treatment of Cytokine Storm Syndrome in COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Saha, Abinit", "Sharma, Ashish Ranjan", "Bhattacharya, Manojit", "Sharma, Garima", "Lee, Sang-Soo", "Chakraborty, Chiranjib"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482373", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Presently, we need more therapeutic molecules for this COVID-19 outbreak. The severity and mortality of the disease is associated with a high level of release of cytokine in the patients which is known as CRS (cytokine release syndrome) or cytokine storm syndrome. IL-6 is a type of pro-inflammatory cytokine which release in the severe COVID-19 patients. This cytokine initiates CRS the JAK-STAT or MAPK/NF-\u03baB-IL-6 pathway. Tocilizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, is designed to bind both mIL-6R (membrane bound receptor for IL-6) and sIL-6R (soluble receptor for IL-6) and inhibit the JAK-STAT or MAPK/NF-\u03baB-IL-6 signaling pathway. It finally stops the cytokine storm syndrome. However, we need to understand that how tocilizumab is bound with mIL-6R or sIL-6R. Similarly, we also need to understand more about the real molecular mechanism of activity of tocilizumab."}, {"pmid": 32500134, "title": "The influence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on esophagogastric cancer services: an international survey of esophagogastric surgeons.", "journal": "Dis Esophagus", "authors": ["Kamarajah, Sivesh K", "Markar, Sheraz R", "Singh, Pritam", "Griffiths, Ewen A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500134", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several guidelines to guide clinical practice among esophagogastric surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic were produced. However, none provide reflection of current service provision. This international survey aimed to clarify the changes observed in esophageal and gastric cancer management and surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey covering key areas for esophagogastric cancer services, including staging investigations and oncological and surgical therapy before and during (at two separate time-points-24th March 2020 and 18th April 2020) the COVID-19 pandemic were developed. A total of 234 respondents from 225 centers and 49 countries spanning six continents completed the first round of the online survey, of which 79% (n\u00a0=\u2009184) completed round 2. There was variation in the availability of staging investigations ranging from 26.5% for endoscopic ultrasound to 62.8% for spiral computed tomography scan. Definitive chemoradiotherapy was offered in 14.8% (adenocarcinoma) and 47.0% (squamous cell carcinoma) of respondents and significantly increased by almost three-fold and two-fold, respectively, in both round 1 and 2. There were uncertainty and heterogeneity surrounding prioritization of patients undergoing cancer resections. Of the surgeons symptomatic with COVID-19, only 40.2% (33/82) had routine access to COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction testing for staff. Of those who had testing available (n\u00a0=\u200933), only 12.1% (4/33) had tested positive. These data highlight management challenges and several practice variations in caring for patients with esophagogastric cancers. Therefore, there is a need for clear consistent guidelines to be in place in the event of a further pandemic to ensure a standardized level of oncological care for patients with esophagogastric cancers."}, {"pmid": 32415560, "pmcid": "PMC7225401", "title": "Bronchoalveolar lavage findings in severe COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Voiriot, Guillaume", "Fajac, Anne", "Lopinto, Julien", "Labbe, Vincent", "Fartoukh, Muriel"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415560", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415879, "title": "Will Community Health Centers Survive COVID-19?", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Wright, Brad", "Fraher, Erin", "Holder, Marni Gwyther", "Akiyama, Jill", "Toomey, Brian"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415879", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227759, "title": "Feeding Low-Income Children during the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Dunn, Caroline G", "Kenney, Erica", "Fleischhacker, Sheila E", "Bleich, Sara N"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227759", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433298, "pmcid": "PMC7268858", "title": "Design and Impact of a COVID-19 Multidisciplinary Bundled Procedure Team.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Albutt, Katherine", "Luckhurst, Casey M", "Alba, George A", "Hechi, Majed El", "Mokhtari, Ava", "Breen, Kerry", "Wing, Johnathan", "Akeju, Oluwaseun", "Kalva, Sanjeeva P", "Mullen, John T", "Lillemoe, Keith D", "Kaafarani, Haytham"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433298", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422130, "pmcid": "PMC7228892", "title": "KEY HIGHLIGHTS of the Canadian Thoracic Society's Position Statement on the Optimization of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Management during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Bhutani, Mohit", "Hernandez, Paul", "Bourbeau, Jean", "Dechman, Gail", "Penz, Erika", "Aceron, Raymond", "Beauchamp, Marla", "Wald, Joshua", "Stickland, Michael", "Olsen, Sharla-Rae", "Goodridge, Donna"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422130", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469437, "title": "A Comprehensive Updated Review on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Ren, Yunzhao R", "Golding, Amit", "Sorbello, Alfred", "Ji, Ping", "Chen, Jianmeng", "Bhawana, Saluja", "Witzmann, Kimberly", "Arya, Vikram", "Reynolds, Kellie S", "Choi, Su-Young", "Nikolov, Nikolay", "Sahajwalla, Chandrahas"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469437", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive current summary of the pathogenesis, clinical features, disease course, host immune responses, and current investigational antiviral and immunomodulatory pharmacotherapies, in order to facilitate the development of future therapies and measures for prevention and control. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32328207, "pmcid": "PMC7177096", "title": "[Pre-e post-operative screening in limited-term elective oncological surgery patients during the COVID-19 pandemic period.]", "authors": ["Zizzo, M", "Bollino, R", "Annessi, V"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328207", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325458, "title": "COVID-19 and Neonatal Resuscitation.", "journal": "Neonatology", "authors": ["Halliday, Henry L", "Speer, Christian P"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325458", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514230, "pmcid": "PMC7268587", "title": "The COVID-19 response must integrate people living with HIV needs in Sub-Saharan Africa: the case of Mali.", "journal": "Trop Med Health", "authors": ["Sagaon-Teyssier, Luis", "Yattassaye, Adam", "Bourrelly, Michel", "Dembele Keita, Bintou", "Spire, Bruno"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514230", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first COVID-19 cases in Mali were reported almost 1 month after the first case in the African continent. However, the outbreak continues to spread faster there than in other countries which, along with Mali, successfully tackled the 2014 Ebola outbreak in Africa. Given this context, specific actions targeting people living with HIV (PLWH) are needed to reinforce prevention. Community-based involvement is crucial to ensure continuity of care and treatment for PLWH. Furthermore, the health of frontline healthcare workers must take priority in any actions taken. The long-established trustful relationship between NGOs and PLWH in Mali is indispensable to disseminate key messages about COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32358960, "pmcid": "PMC7197588", "title": "Evaluation of COVID-19 RT-qPCR test in multi-sample pools.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yelin, Idan", "Aharony, Noga", "Shaer Tamar, Einat", "Argoetti, Amir", "Messer, Esther", "Berenbaum, Dina", "Shafran, Einat", "Kuzli, Areen", "Gandali, Nagham", "Shkedi, Omer", "Hashimshony, Tamar", "Mandel-Gutfreund, Yael", "Halberthal, Michael", "Geffen, Yuval", "Szwarcwort-Cohen, Moran", "Kishony, Roy"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358960", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 lead to a current pandemic of unprecedented scale. Though diagnostic tests are fundamental to the ability to detect and respond, overwhelmed healthcare systems are already experiencing shortages of reagents associated with this test, calling for a lean immediately-applicable protocol. RNA extracts of positive samples were tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 using RT-qPCR, alone or in pools of different sizes (2-, 4-, 8- ,16-, 32- and 64-sample pools) with negative samples. Transport media of additional 3 positive samples were also tested when mixed with transport media of negative samples in pools of 8. A single positive sample can be detected in pools of up to 32 samples, using the standard kits and protocols, with an estimated false negative rate of 10%. Detection of positive samples diluted in even up to 64 samples may also be attainable, though may require additional amplification cycles. Single positive samples can be detected when pooling either after or prior to RNA extraction. As it uses the standard protocols, reagents and equipment, this pooling method can be applied immediately in current clinical testing laboratories. We hope that such implementation of a pool test for COVID-19 would allow expanding current screening capacities thereby enabling the expansion of detection in the community, as well as in close organic groups, such as hospital departments, army units, or factory shifts."}, {"pmid": 32364283, "pmcid": "PMC7267435", "title": "The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Elderly Mental Health.", "journal": "Int J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Banerjee, Debanjan"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364283", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507459, "title": "Critical Care During the Coronavirus Crisis-Reflections on the Roles of Anesthesiologists in Meeting the Challenges of the Pandemic.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Kiefer, Jessie J", "Rock, Peter", "Augoustides, John G", "Mazzeffi, Michael A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507459", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456886, "pmcid": "PMC7237912", "title": "Is termination of early pregnancy indicated in women with COVID-19?", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Wu, Yan-Ting", "Li, Cheng", "Zhang, Chen-Jie", "Huang, He-Feng"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456886", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489507, "pmcid": "PMC7239581", "title": "A Comprehensive Approach Is Vital for Diagnosing COVID-19: A Case of False Negative.", "journal": "J Clin Med Res", "authors": ["Balla, Mamtha", "Merugu, Ganesh Prasad", "Pokal, Mytri", "Gayam, Vijay", "Adapa, Sreedhar", "Naramala, Srikanth", "Konala, Venu Madhav"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489507", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading at a rapid pace throughout the world, and the World Health Organization (WHO) declared it as pandemic on March 11, 2020. We present a case of COVID-19 patient whose reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) initially was false negative and later turned positive, which will stress the importance of a comprehensive approach while evaluating a patient with a differential of COVID-19. The clinicians should be aware of the sensitivity and specificities of these tests which can have grave implications on the patient and community if the diagnosis is missed just based on the laboratory tests due to the highly contagious nature of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32406591, "pmcid": "PMC7272808", "title": "#SendHelpNow: Mental wellness and virtual connection in the age of coronavirus.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["Brawner, Bridgette M"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406591", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362583, "pmcid": "PMC7194881", "title": "Emergency preparedness and response (EP&R) by pharmacy professionals in India: Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic and the way forward.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Meghana, Aruru", "Aparna, Yerramilli", "Chandra, Sekar M", "Sanjeev, Sharma"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362583", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the importance of Emergency Preparedness & Response (EP&R) education, training, capacity building and infrastructure development in India. During the pandemic, pharmacy professionals (PPs) in India have continued to provide medications, supplies and services. India's public-private healthcare system is complex and of variable quality. Lacunae in pharmacy education, training, and lack of resolution around pharmacist roles present challenges in providing health services to patients. Such lack of differentiation creates challenges around role specifications and appropriate placement of PPs in patient care and on EP&R task forces or representation at the policy level. This study aimed to gain rapid insights from PPs in India regarding their roles and preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey comprising 20 questions regarding EP&R and Operations management was developed using the Qualtrics\u00ae survey software and administered to a sample of PPs. Survey results indicate that PPs were actively involved in essential pharmacy services despite minimal EP&R training. Based on lessons learned during COVID-19, lacunae in knowledge, training and regulations were identified and recommendations are provided to broaden PP roles and enable them to be better prepared and actively engaged in EP&R for future emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32320546, "title": "[Management guidelines for vulnerable workers and persons and SARS-CoV-2 in Catalonian businesses].", "journal": "Arch Prev Riesgos Labor", "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320546", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394416, "title": "Recommendations for Trauma and Emergency General Surgery Practice During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg", "authors": ["Gok, Ali Fuat Kaan", "Eryilmaz, Mehmet", "Ozmen, Mehmet Mahir", "Alimoglu, Orhan", "Ertekin, Cemalettin", "Kurtoglu, Mehmet Hamdi"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394416", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a new disease, based on currently available limited information, older adults and people of any age who have severe underlying medical conditions may be at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19. People of all age groups are also at risk. Healthcare providers have always been the professionals most exposed to the risk of contracting to any kind of infection due to the nature of their profession. Elective interventions have been postponed to give care of patients with COVID-19. However, some interventions cannot be delayed, such as trauma surgery, acute abdomen, and emergency endoscopies. To maintain the sustainability of the healthcare system, the protection of healthcare providers should be the top priority. On the other hand, patients, who need emergency healthcare, should also be provided with appropriate treatment. Healthcare professionals should choose a treatment method appropriately in the circumstances to protect themselves and their patients as much as possible. This paper aims to summarize how a surgeon may act appropriately when an intervention is inevitable during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32115733, "pmcid": "PMC7228398", "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and neonate: What neonatologist need to know.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lu, Qi", "Shi, Yuan"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32115733", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cause china epidemics with high morbidity and mortality, the infection has been transmitted to other countries. About three neonates and more than 230 children cases are reported. The disease condition of the main children was mild. There is currently no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted transplacentally from mother to the newborn. The treatment strategy for children with Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is based on adult experience. Thus far, no deaths have been reported in the pediatric age group. This review describes the current understanding of COVID-19 infection in newborns and children."}, {"pmid": 32515698, "title": "[Recommendations of the Eurasian Arrhythmology Association (EURA) for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with arrhythmias and conduction disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Kardiologiia", "authors": ["Belenkov, Yu N", "Snezhitskiy, V A", "Ardashev, A V", "Abzaliyeva, S A", "Cappato, Riccardo", "Karpenko, J I", "Konev, A V", "Nechepurenko, A A", "Raviele, Antonio", "Puodziukynas, Aras", "Sayganov, S A", "Santini, Luca", "Shugaev, P L", "Yakovleva, M V", "Zateyshchikov, D A", "Yuzvinkevitch, S A", "Zhelyakov, E G"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515698", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The beginning of 2020 was characterized by the development of a new coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Information about the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory diagnostics, as well as prevention and therapy for this disease is constantly being expanded and reviewed. The COVID-19 pandemic creates the need for the emergence of new conditions of specialized care for patients with heart rhythm and conduction disorders [1]. These recommendations are intended for general practitioners, internists, cardiologists, electrophysiologists/arrhythmologists, cardiovascular surgeons, functional diagnostics doctors, anesthesiologists-resuscitators, laboratory diagnostics specialists, health care organizers in the system of organizations and healthcare institutions that provide specialized care to patients with heart rhythm and conduction disorders."}, {"pmid": 32504509, "title": "[How Acta Medica Portuguesa Adjusted to Pandemic Times].", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Villanueva, Tiago", "Donato, Helena", "Escada, Pedro", "Sousa, Carla", "Matos, Rui", "Reis, Miguel"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504509", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474037, "pmcid": "PMC7255707", "title": "Improved sensitivity using a dual target, E and RdRp assay for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Experience at a large NHS Foundation Trust in the UK.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Colton, Hayley", "Ankcorn, Michael", "Yavuz, Mehmet", "Tovey, Leeanne", "Cope, Alison", "Raza, Mohammad", "Keeley, Alexander J", "State, Amy", "Poller, Bozena", "Parker, Matthew", "de Silva, Thushan I", "Evans, Cariad"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474037", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469483, "title": "Screening for Covid-19 in Skilled Nursing Facilities. Reply.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Hatfield, Kelly M", "Reddy, Sujan C", "Jernigan, John A"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469483", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504348, "pmcid": "PMC7272592", "title": "Conquering COVID-19: How DDS Is CoVering the Pandemic.", "journal": "Dig Dis Sci", "authors": ["Kaunitz, Jonathan D"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504348", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367739, "title": "Outbreak dynamics of COVID-19 in Europe and the effect of travel restrictions.", "journal": "Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin", "authors": ["Linka, Kevin", "Peirlinck, Mathias", "Sahli Costabal, Francisco", "Kuhl, Ellen"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367739", "countries": ["France", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For the first time in history, on March 17, 2020, the European Union closed all its external borders in an attempt to contain the spreading of the coronavirus 2019, COVID-19. Throughout two past months, governments around the world have implemented massive travel restrictions and border control to mitigate the outbreak of this global pandemic. However, the precise effects of travel restrictions on the outbreak dynamics of COVID-19 remain unknown. Here we combine a global network mobility model with a local epidemiology model to simulate and predict the outbreak dynamics and outbreak control of COVID-19 across Europe. We correlate our mobility model to passenger air travel statistics and calibrate our epidemiology model using the number of reported COVID-19 cases for each country. Our simulations show that mobility networks of air travel can predict the emerging global diffusion pattern of a pandemic at the early stages of the outbreak. Our results suggest that an unconstrained mobility would have significantly accelerated the spreading of COVID-19, especially in Central Europe, Spain, and France. Ultimately, our network epidemiology model can inform political decision making and help identify exit strategies from current travel restrictions and total lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32226294, "pmcid": "PMC7098034", "title": "Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Zhong, Bao-Liang", "Luo, Wei", "Li, Hai-Mei", "Zhang, Qian-Qian", "Liu, Xiao-Ge", "Li, Wen-Tian", "Li, Yi"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226294", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Unprecedented measures have been adopted to control the rapid spread of the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic in China. People's adherence to control measures is affected by their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) towards COVID-19. In this study, we investigated Chinese residents' KAP towards COVID-19 during the rapid rise period of the outbreak. An online sample of Chinese residents was successfully recruited via the authors' networks with residents and popular media in Hubei, China. A self-developed online KAP questionnaire was completed by the participants. The knowledge questionnaire consisted of 12 questions regarding the clinical characteristics and prevention of COVID-19. Assessments on residents' attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 included questions on confidence in winning the battle against COVID-19 and wearing masks when going out in recent days. Among the survey completers (n=6910), 65.7% were women, 63.5% held a bachelor degree or above, and 56.2% engaged in mental labor. The overall correct rate of the knowledge questionnaire was 90%. The majority of the respondents (97.1%) had confidence that China can win the battle against COVID-19. Nearly all of the participants (98.0%) wore masks when going out in recent days. In multiple logistic regression analyses, the COVID-19 knowledge score (OR: 0.75-0.90, P<0.001) was significantly associated with a lower likelihood of negative attitudes and preventive practices towards COVID-2019. Most Chinese residents of a relatively high socioeconomic status, in particular women, are knowledgeable about COVID-19, hold optimistic attitudes, and have appropriate practices towards COVID-19. Health education programs aimed at improving COVID-19 knowledge are helpful for Chinese residents to hold optimistic attitudes and maintain appropriate practices. Due to the limited sample representativeness, we must be cautious when generalizing these findings to populations of a low socioeconomic status."}, {"pmid": 32405290, "pmcid": "PMC7219412", "title": "COVID-19 Outbreak in Nursing Homes in Singapore.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Tan, Li Feng", "Seetharaman, Santhosh Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405290", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301206, "title": "'Let us Help'-Why senior medical students are the next step in battling the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Thomson, Emily", "Lovegrove, Sally"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301206", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As senior medical students in the UK, we read Dr Stein's letter on the novel coronavirus (COVID-19)2 and began wondering where we fit in, in this pandemic. As the government heads into a 'war footing',13 there is an increased need for medical staff. There is speculation of bringing back retired doctors, many of who fall into at-risk categories. With clinical placement and exams cancelled, we are determined to use our hard-earned skills in some way, to help in what is the biggest global emergency of our lifetime."}, {"pmid": 32370747, "pmcid": "PMC7200209", "title": "A single-center, retrospective study of COVID-19 features in children: a descriptive investigation.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Ma, Huijing", "Hu, Jiani", "Tian, Jie", "Zhou, Xi", "Li, Hui", "Laws, Maxwell Thomas", "Wesemann, Luke David", "Zhu, Baiqi", "Chen, Wei", "Ramos, Rafael", "Xia, Jun", "Shao, Jianbo"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370747", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Compared to adults, there are relatively few studies on COVID-19 infection in children, and even less focusing on the unique features of COVID-19 in children in terms of laboratory findings, locations of computerized tomography (CT) lesions, and the role of CT in evaluating clinical recovery. The objective of this study is to report the results from patients at Wuhan Children's Hospital, located within the initial center of the outbreak. Clinical, imaging, and laboratory data of 76 children were collected retrospectively and analyzed with the Fisher exact test and Cox regression statistical methods. Among 50 children with a positive COVID-19 real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR), five had negative PCR results initially but showed positive results in subsequent tests. Eight (16%) patients had lymphopenia, seven (14%) with thrombocytopenia, four (8%) with lymphocytosis, two (4%) with thrombocytosis, ten (20%) with elevated C-reactive protein, four (8%) with hemoglobin above, and six (12%) with below standard reference values. Seven (14%) of the 50 had no radiologic evidence of disease on chest CT. For the 43 patients who had abnormal CT findings, in addition to previously reported patterns of ground-glass opacity (67%), local patchy shadowing (37%), local bilateral patchy shadowing (21%), and lesion location of lower lobes (65%), other CT features include that an overwhelming number of pediatric patients had lesions in the subpleural area (95%) and 22 of the 28 lower lobe lesions were in the posterior segment (78%). Lesions in most of the 15 patients (67%) who received chest CT at discharge were not completely absorbed, and 26% of these pediatric patients had CT lesions that were either unchanged or worse. There were a few differences between COVID-19 children and COVID-19 adults in terms of laboratory findings and CT characteristics. CT is a powerful tool to detect and characterize COVID-19 pneumonia but has little utility in evaluating clinical recovery for children. These results oppose current COVID-19 hospital discharge criteria in China, as one requirement is that pulmonary imaging must show significant lesion absorption prior to discharge. These differences between pediatric and adult cases of COVID-19 may necessitate pediatric-specific discharge criteria."}, {"pmid": 32286082, "title": "Impact, Strategies, and Opportunities for Early and Midcareer Cardiovascular Researchers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Climie, Rachel E", "Marques, Francine Z"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32286082", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32245769, "title": "Managing clinical trials for covid-19: the importance of ethics committees.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Luo, Qiankun", "Qin, Tao"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245769", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410517, "title": "Quarantine of the Covid-19 pandemic in suicide: A psychological autopsy.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Aquila, Isabella", "Sacco, Matteo Antonio", "Ricci, Cristoforo", "Gratteri, Santo", "Ricci, Pietrantonio"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410517", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemiology of suicide has identified numerous psychiatric and occupational risk factors. The circumstances surrounding a suicide are fundamental to determining whether its characteristics will play a crucial role in the decision-making process. The state of emergency arising from the Covid-19 pandemic has introduced a new element, given the general concern and feelings of alarm which are global. The most suitable forensic method to analyse these cases is the psychological autopsy. This study's purpose is to analyse the application of the psychological autopsy method to evaluate the impact of the pandemic where government lockdowns impose restrictions on personal freedom. We set out to consider how far this together with other factors may induce suicide. The literature does not as yet offer us a retrospective analysis of the influence of the global pandemic state on rates of suicide. Accordingly, we report a forensic case and examine the critical issues and problems in the management of these cases."}, {"pmid": 32363137, "pmcid": "PMC7195321", "title": "Anti-RAS drugs and SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Acta Pharm Sin B", "authors": ["Bian, Jingwei", "Zhao, Rongsheng", "Zhai, Suodi", "Li, Zijian"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363137", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022There is no enough evidence to indicate that ACEIs and ARBs result in ACE2 upregulation.\u2022The level of ACE2 expression is not completely related with the risk of COVID-19 infection.\u2022There is currently no evidence that ACEI/ARB increase risk for COVID-19 infection from clinical trials.\u2022It is not recommended that COVID-19 patients with hypertension or normal hypertensive patients at risk for exposure to stop using ACEI/ARB or change to other antihypertensive drugs."}, {"pmid": 32420919, "title": "COVID-19 and Cities: from Urban Health strategies to the pandemic challenge. A Decalogue of Public Health opportunities.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Capolongo, Stefano", "Rebecchi, Andrea", "Buffoli, Maddalena", "Appolloni, Letizia", "Signorelli, Carlo", "Fara, Gaetano Maria", "D'Alessandro, Daniela"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420919", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, which nowadays has exceeded 2.5 million notified infections in the world and about 200,000 deaths, is a strong reminder that urbanization has changed the way that people and communities live, work, and interact, and it's necessary to make resilient the systems and local capacities to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. How we can re-design the concept of Public Health in relation to the built environment and the contemporary cities? According to the previous statements and scenario, aim of this paper is to integrate the Urban Health strategic objectives, focusing the possible responses, both immediate and medium-long term, to the current environmental, social, and economic aspects of the \"period\" of physical distancing.\u00a0 Results. Immediate Actions are 01. program the flexibility of city schedules; 02. plan a smart and sustainable mobility network; 03. define a neighborhood services' plan; 04. develop a digitization of the urban context, promoting the smart communities; 05. re-think the accessibility to the places of culture and tourism.\u00a0 Medium-long term Actions are 06. design the indoor flexibility of domestic living spaces; 07. re-think building typologies, fostering the presence of semi-private or collective spaces; 08. renovate the basic care services' network; 09. integrate the existing environmental emergency plans, with those related to the health emergencies; 10. improve stakeholders' awareness of the factors affecting Public Health in the cities. The Decalogue of Public Health opportunities may provide a useful basis for Designers (Architects and Urban Planners), Policy Makers, Public Health experts and Local Health Agencies, in promoting actions and policies aimed to transform our cities in healthier and Salutogenic living environments. (www.actabiomedica.it)."}, {"pmid": 32246121, "title": "Safely conducting essential research in the face of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Gewin, Virginia"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246121", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297062, "pmcid": "PMC7158755", "title": "Comment on \"COVID-19 infection control protocol inside computed tomography suites\".", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Orsi, Marcello Alessandro", "Oliva, Giancarlo", "Toluian, Tahereh", "Valenti Pittino, Carlo", "Gibelli, Daniele", "Cellina, Michaela"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297062", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441996, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Ethical and Scientific Imperatives for \"Natural\" Experiments.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Erren, Thomas C", "Lewis, Philip", "Shaw, David M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441996", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369759, "pmcid": "PMC7212816", "title": "Knowledge and Behaviors Toward COVID-19 Among US Residents During the Early Days of the Pandemic: Cross-Sectional Online Questionnaire.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Clements, John M"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369759", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The early days of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States brought uncertainty in the knowledge about COVID-19 and what to do about it. It is necessary to understand public knowledge and behaviors if we are to effectively address the pandemic. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that knowledge about COVID-19 influences participation in different behaviors including self-reports of purchasing more goods than usual, attending large gatherings, and using medical masks. This study was funded and approved by the Institutional Review Board on March 17, 2020. The cross-sectional online survey of 1034 US residents aged 18 years or older was conducted on March 17, 2020. For every point increase in knowledge, the odds of participation in purchasing more goods (odds ratio [OR] 0.88, 95% CI 0.81-0.95), attending large gatherings (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.81-0.93), and using medical masks (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.50-0.62) decreased by 12%, 13%, and 44%, respectively. Gen X and millennial participants had 56% and 76% higher odds, respectively, of increased purchasing behavior compared to baby boomers. The results suggest that there is a politicization of response recommendations. Democrats had 30% lower odds of attending large gatherings (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50-0.97) and 48% lower odds of using medical masks (OR 0.52, 95% CI 0.34-0.78) compared to Republicans. This survey is one of the first attempts to study determinants of knowledge and behaviors in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. A national, coordinated effort toward a pandemic response may ensure better compliance with behavioral recommendations to address this public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32322988, "pmcid": "PMC7175829", "title": "[Handling of COVID-19 in the emergency department : Field report of the emergency ward of the University Hospital Munster].", "journal": "Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed", "authors": ["Wennmann, D O", "Dlugos, C P", "Hofschroer, A", "Hennies, M", "Kuhn, J", "Hafezi, W", "Kampmeier, S", "Mellmann, A", "Triphaus, S", "Sackarnd, J", "Tepasse, P", "Keller, M", "Van Aken, H", "Pavenstadt, H", "Kumpers, P"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322988", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the COVID-19 pandemic, emergency rooms are faced with major challenges because they act as the interface between outpatient and inpatient care. The dynamics of the pandemic forced emergency care at the University Hospital M\u00fcnster to extensively adjust their processes, which had to be carried out in the shortest time possible. This included the establishment of an outpatient coronavirus test center and a medical student-operated telephone hotline. Inside the hospital, new isolation capacities in the emergency room and a dedicated COVID-19 ward were set up. The patient flow was reorganized using flow diagrams for both the outpatient and inpatient areas. The general and special emergency management was optimized for the efficient treatment of COVID-19-positive patients and the staff were trained in the use of protective equipment. This report of our experience is intended to support other emergency departments in their preparation for the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32497748, "pmcid": "PMC7262534", "title": "Accidental vertebral artery injury in a COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Baccellieri, Domenico", "Bilman, Victor", "Ardita, Vincenzo", "Loschi, Diletta", "Melissano, Germano", "Chiesa, Roberto"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497748", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452746, "title": "Implementation of Preoperative Screening Protocols in Otolaryngology During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Urban, Matthew J", "Patel, Tirth R", "Raad, Richard", "LoSavio, Phillip", "Stenson, Kerstin", "Al-Khudari, Samer", "Nielsen, Thomas", "Husain, Inna", "Smith, Ryan", "Revenaugh, Peter C", "Wiet, R Mark", "Papagiannopoulos, Peter", "Batra, Pete S", "Tajudeen, Bobby A"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452746", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To highlight emerging preoperative screening protocols and document workflow challenges and successes during the early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a large urban tertiary care medical center. Thirty-two patients undergoing operative procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic were placed into 2 preoperative screening protocols. Early in the pandemic a \"high-risk case protocol\" was utilized to maximize available resources. As information and technology evolved, a \"universal point-of-care protocol\" was implemented. Of 32 patients, 25 were screened prior to surgery. Three (12%) tested positive for COVID-19. In all 3 cases, the procedure was delayed, and patients were admitted for treatment or discharged under home quarantine. During this period, 86% of operative procedures were indicated for treatment of oncologic disease. There was no significant delay in arrival to the operating room for patients undergoing point-of-care screening immediately prior to their procedure (P = .92). Currently, few studies address preoperative screening for COVID-19. A substantial proportion of individuals in this cohort tested positive, and both protocols identified positive cases. The major strengths of the point-of-care protocol are ease of administration, avoiding subsequent exposures after testing, and relieving strain on \"COVID-19 clinics\" or other community testing facilities. Preoperative screening is a critical aspect of safe surgical practice in the midst of the widespread pandemic. Rapid implementation of universal point-of-care screening is possible without major workflow adjustments or operative delays."}, {"pmid": 32458396, "pmcid": "PMC7250584", "title": "Adjusting to the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and opportunities of frontline colorectal cancer teams in the UK.", "journal": "Int J Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Aseem, Rabiya", "Warren, Oliver", "Mills, Sarah", "Smith, Jason", "Pawa, Nikhil"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458396", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398900, "pmcid": "PMC7216570", "title": "COVID-19, the Anthropocene, and transformative change.", "journal": "Agric Human Values", "authors": ["Massy, Charles"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398900", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301692, "pmcid": "PMC7219975", "title": "What do urologists need to know: Diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Turk J Urol", "authors": ["Ho, Hui Ching", "Hughes, Thomas", "Bozlu, Murat", "Kadioglu, Ates", "Somani, Bhaskar K"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301692", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease which is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has had unprecedented effect on healthcare systems globally with severe impact on every specialist service within the hospital including urology. While it affects the respiratory system causing symptoms ranging from fever, cough, dyspnea, diarrhea, nausea, myalgia and fatigue, it eventually causes pneumonia and respiratory distress needing oxygenation and ventilation. Laboratory diagnosis is required to confirm the diagnosis of COVID-19. Radiological changes are seen on chest XR or CT scan of patients. The surge in patients affected by the disease has led to extreme pressures on healthcare systems by the overwhelming number of critically unwell patients. This scenario has presented challenges to maintain other emergency and essential services. Reallocation of staff, wards and equipment has resulted in cancellations of many surgical procedures, requiring urologists to select only the most essential or critical procedures. The outpatient face-to-face clinics are also cancelled or changed to telephone or video consultations. In some hospitals, urologists are required to work outside of their usual scope of practice helping their respiratory and intensive care unit colleagues. The pandemic is disrupting training and education opportunities for junior medical staff. In this review we provide guidance on the diagnosis and management of COVID-19, the influence it has on urological practice and consider the long-term implications that may be of consequence for years to come."}, {"pmid": 32329589, "title": "Rehabilitation management of patients with COVID-19. Lessons learned from the first experiences in China.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Li, Jianan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329589", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new disease characterized by lung damage and involvement in multiple tissues and organs in the whole body. Some of the patients may have long-term impairment and dysfunctions, including pulmonary fibrosis, heart, liver, kidney, nerve and immune system. Rehabilitation has certain beneficial effect in the acute stage, and especially in the recovery stage, including improving respiratory function, exercise endurance, self-care in daily living activities, as well as psychological support, etc. Rehabilitation is not offside or absent. A reasonable rehabilitation program needs scientific research to avoid arbitrary conclusions."}, {"pmid": 32500556, "title": "Doubtful precipitation of hemolysis by hydroxychloroquine in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient patient with COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Eur J Haematol", "authors": ["Afra, T P", "Nampoothiri, Ram Vasudevan", "Razmi T, Muhammed"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500556", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with great interest the recent article by Beauverd et al.1 on an interesting case of severe hemolysis in a patient with COVID-19 treated with hydroxychloroquine. The authors concluded that COVID-19 infection was possibly the initial trigger for hemolysis. However, the article also suggested that hydroxychloroquine possibly worsened the hemolysis, and further cautioned the use of hydroxychloroquine in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient patients. We would like to comment on the authors' attribution of accentuated hemolysis to the use of hydroxychloroquine."}, {"pmid": 32470156, "title": "The Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Complicated by Pulmonary Embolism and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Ting", "Cheng, Guang-Shing", "Pipavath, Sudhakar", "Kicska, Gregory", "Liu, Liangjin", "Kinahan, Paul E", "Wu, Wei"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470156", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute respiratory distress syndrome and coagulopathy played an important role in morbidity and mortality of severe COVID-19 patients. A higher frequency of pulmonary embolism (PE) than expected in COVID-19 patients was recently reported. The presenting symptoms for PE were untypical including dyspnea, which is one of the major symptoms in severe COVID-19, especially in those patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We reported two COVID-19 cases with coexisting complications of PE and ARDS, aiming to consolidate the emerging knowledge of this global health emergency and raise the awareness that the hypoxemia or severe dyspnea in COVID-19 may be related to PE and not necessarily always due to the parenchymal disease."}, {"pmid": 32198754, "title": "Prepare to adapt: blood supply and transfusion support during the first 2 weeks of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic affecting Washington State.", "journal": "Transfusion", "authors": ["Pagano, Monica B", "Hess, John R", "Tsang, Hamilton C", "Staley, Elizabeth", "Gernsheimer, Terry", "Sen, Nina", "Clark, Christine", "Nester, Theresa", "Bailey, Curt", "Alcorn, Kirsten"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198754", "countries": ["United States", "China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first coronavirus (COVID-19) case was reported in United States in the state of Washington, approximately 3\u2009months after the outbreak in Wuhan, China. Three weeks later, the US federal government declared the pandemic a national emergency. The number of confirmed COVID-19 positive cases increased rather rapidly and changed routine daily activities of the community. This brief report describes the response from the hospital, the regional blood center, and the hospital-based transfusion services to the events that took place in the community during the initial phases of the pandemic. In Washington State, the first week of March started with four confirmed cases and ended with 150; by the end of the second week of March there were more than 700 cases of confirmed COVID-19. During the first week, blood donations dropped significantly. Blood units provided from blood centers of nonaffected areas of the country helped keep inventory stable and allow for routine hospital operations. The hospital-based transfusion service began prospective triaging of blood orders to monitor and prioritize blood usage. In the second week, blood donations recovered, and the hospital postponed elective procedures to ensure staff and personal protective equipment were appropriate for the care of critical patients. As community activities are disrupted and hospital activities switch from routine operations to pandemic focused and urgent care oriented, the blood supply and usage requires a number of transformations."}, {"pmid": 32297940, "pmcid": "PMC7184451", "title": "High prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in repatriation flights to Greece from three European countries.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Lytras, Theodore", "Dellis, George", "Flountzi, Anastasia", "Hatzianastasiou, Sophia", "Nikolopoulou, Georgia", "Tsekou, Katerina", "Diamantis, Zafiris", "Stathopoulou, Grigoria", "Togka, Marianthi", "Gerolymatos, Gerasimos", "Rigakos, George", "Sapounas, Spiridon", "Tsiodras, Sotirios"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297940", "countries": ["Greece"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444297, "pmcid": "PMC7204738", "title": "Gun violence during COVID-19 pandemic: Paradoxical trends in New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles and Baltimore.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Sutherland, Mason", "McKenney, Mark", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444297", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474090, "pmcid": "PMC7255986", "title": "Challenges to Neurosurgical Residency Training during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Indian Perspective.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Ruparelia, Jigish", "Gosal, Jaskaran Singh", "Garg, Mayank", "Bhaskar, Suryanarayanan", "Jha, Deepak Kumar"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474090", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32035269, "pmcid": "PMC7128115", "title": "What goes on board aircraft? Passengers include Aedes, Anopheles, 2019-nCoV, dengue, Salmonella, Zika, et al.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wilson, Mary E"], "date": "2020-02-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035269", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342998, "pmcid": "PMC7267600", "title": "American Geriatrics Society (AGS) Policy Brief: COVID-19 and Assisted Living Facilities.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342998", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This policy brief sets forth the American Geriatrics Society's (AGS's) recommendations to guide federal, state, and local governments when making decisions about care for older adults in assisted living facilities (ALFs) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It focuses on the need for personal protective equipment, access to testing, public health support for infection control, and workforce training. The AGS continues to review guidance set forth in peer-reviewed articles, as well as ongoing and updated guidance from the US Department of Health and Human Services, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and other key agencies. This brief is based on the situation and any federal guidance or actions as of April 15, 2020. Joining a separate AGS policy brief on COVID-19 in nursing homes (DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16477), this brief is focused on ALFs, given that varied structure and staffing can impact their response to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32205271, "pmcid": "PMC7118530", "title": "COVID-19: Facemask use prevalence in international airports in Asia, Europe and the Americas, March 2020.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Elachola, Habida", "Ebrahim, Shahul H", "Gozzer, Ernesto"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205271", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358202, "pmcid": "PMC7199907", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 productively infects human gut enterocytes.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Lamers, Mart M", "Beumer, Joep", "van der Vaart, Jelte", "Knoops, Kevin", "Puschhof, Jens", "Breugem, Tim I", "Ravelli, Raimond B G", "Paul van Schayck, J", "Mykytyn, Anna Z", "Duimel, Hans Q", "van Donselaar, Elly", "Riesebosch, Samra", "Kuijpers, Helma J H", "Schippers, Debby", "van de Wetering, Willine J", "de Graaf, Miranda", "Koopmans, Marion", "Cuppen, Edwin", "Peters, Peter J", "Haagmans, Bart L", "Clevers, Hans"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358202", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The virus severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can cause coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an influenza-like disease that is primarily thought to infect the lungs with transmission via the respiratory route. However, clinical evidence suggests that the intestine may present another viral target organ. Indeed, the SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is highly expressed on differentiated enterocytes. In human small intestinal organoids (hSIOs), enterocytes were readily infected by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 as demonstrated by confocal- and electron-microscopy. Consequently, significant titers of infectious viral particles were detected. mRNA expression analysis revealed strong induction of a generic viral response program. Hence, intestinal epithelium supports SARS-CoV-2 replication, and hSIOs serve as an experimental model for coronavirus infection and biology."}, {"pmid": 32305632, "pmcid": "PMC7162786", "title": "COVID-19: The time for action is just now; It's still not too late.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hamidian Jahromi, Alireza", "Mazloom, Samira", "Ballard, David H"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305632", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463092, "title": "Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case series.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Chiotos, Kathleen", "Bassiri, Hamid", "Behrens, Edward M", "Blatz, Allison M", "Chang, Joyce", "Diorio, Caroline", "Fitzgerald, Julie C", "Topjian, Alexis", "John, Audrey R Odom"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463092", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a series of six critically ill children with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). Key findings of this syndrome include fever, diarrhea, shock, and variable presence of rash, conjunctivitis, extremity edema, and mucous membrane changes."}, {"pmid": 32283894, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology and control, different scenarios for Turkey", "journal": "Turk J Med Sci", "authors": ["Petersen, Eskild", "Gokengin, Deniz"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283894", "countries": ["Italy", "Singapore", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Infectious Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a pandemic spreading in most countries including Turkey. The current knowledge of COVID-19 and the virus causing it, SARS-CoV-2, was reviewed. The epidemiology and control in different countries was compared and the differences discussed. The population attack rates and case fatality rates vary from country to country with Lombardy in northern Italy reporting an attack rate in the general population of 0.37% compared to 0.004% in Hong Kong. The differences are caused by different testing strategies and reporting systems. Turkey is early in the outbreak. Different control strategies are available with South Korea, Hong Kong and Singapore being models to follow."}, {"pmid": 32512381, "title": "Changes in U.S. air pollution during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Berman, Jesse D", "Ebisu, Keita"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512381", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic has likely affected air quality due to extreme changes in human behavior. We assessed air quality during the COVID-19 pandemic for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the continental United States from January 8th-April 21st in 2017-2020. We considered pollution during the COVID-19 period (March 13-April 21st) and the pre-COVID-19 period (January 8th-March 12th) with 2020 representing 'current' data and 2017-2019 representing 'historical' data. County-level pollution concentrations were compared between historical versus current periods, and counties were stratified by institution of early or late non-essential business closures. Statistically significant NO2 declines were observed during the current COVID-19 period compared to historical data: a 25.5% reduction with absolute decrease of 4.8\u00a0ppb. PM2.5 also showed decreases during the COVID-19 period, and the reduction is statistically significant in urban counties and counties from states instituting early non-essential business closures. Understanding how air pollution is affected during COVID-19 pandemic will provide important clues regarding health effects and control of emissions. Further investigation is warranted to link this finding with health implications."}, {"pmid": 32506693, "title": "Diagnosis of COVID-19 infection in children: less nasopharyngeal swabs, more saliva.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Ruggiero, Antonio", "Sanguinetti, Maurizio", "Gatto, Antonio", "Attina, Giorgio", "Chiaretti, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506693", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with great interest the article by Jonas F. Ludvigsson on COVID-19 infection in Children 1 . He conducted a systematic literature review to identify papers on COVID-19. The conclusion was that COVID-19 infection can occur in children, but they seemed to have a lower incidence as well as a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults."}, {"pmid": 32283144, "pmcid": "PMC7195158", "title": "The effect of corticosteroid treatment on patients with coronavirus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Yang, Zhenwei", "Liu, Jialong", "Zhou, Yunjiao", "Zhao, Xixian", "Zhao, Qiu", "Liu, Jing"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283144", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of novel coronavirus in 2019 threatens the health of people, and there is no proven pharmacological treatment. Although corticosteroids were widely used during outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome, their efficacy remainedhighly controversial. We aimed to further evaluate the influence of corticosteroids on patients with coronavirus infection. We conducted a comprehensive search of literature published in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from January 1, 2002 to March 15, 2020. All statistical analyses in this study were performed on stata14.0. A total of 5270 patients from 15 studies were included in this meta-analysis. The result indicated that critical patients were more likely to require corticosteroids therapy (risk ratio [RR]\u202f=\u202f1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u202f=\u202f1.28-1.90, P<0.001). However, corticosteroid treatment was associated with higher mortality (RR\u202f=\u202f2.11, 95%CI\u202f=\u202f1.13-3.94, P\u202f=\u202f0.019), longer length of stay (weighted mean difference [WMD]\u202f=\u202f6.31, 95%CI\u202f=\u202f5.26-7.37, P<0.001), a higher rate of bacterial infection (RR\u202f=\u202f2.08, 95%CI\u202f=\u202f1.54-2.81, P<0.001), and hypokalemia (RR\u202f=\u202f2.21, 95%CI\u202f=\u202f1.07-4.55, P\u202f=\u202f0.032) but not hyperglycemia (RR\u202f=\u202f1.37, 95%CI=0.68-2.76, P\u00a0=\u00a00.376) or hypocalcemia (RR\u202f=\u202f1.35, 95%CI\u202f=\u202f0.77-2.37, P\u202f=\u202f0.302). Patients with severe conditions are more likely to require corticosteroids. Corticosteroid use is associated with increased mortality in patients with coronavirus pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32357307, "title": "Radiographic examination of the chest and COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann R Coll Surg Engl", "authors": ["Sayiner, A", "Cinkooglu, A", "Tasbakan, M S", "Basoglu, O K", "Ceylan, N", "Savas, R", "Bayraktaroglu, S", "Ozhan, M H"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357307", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423323, "title": "Telehealth Opportunities for the Otolaryngologist: A Silver Lining During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Shipchandler, Taha Z", "Nesemeier, B Ryan", "Parker, Noah P", "Vernon, Dominic", "Campiti, Vincent J", "Anthony, Benjamin P", "Alwani, Mohamedkazim M", "Illing, Elisa A", "Ting, Jonathan Y"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423323", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The utilization of telemedicine has seen a relatively slow progression over the past 50 years in the US health care system. Technological challenges limiting the ease of use of robust video platforms have been a major factor. Additionally, the perception by many health care providers that telehealth is reserved for only the rural population or that it provides limited value due to the inability to perform in-depth physical examinations contributes to the slow adoption. The COVID-19 pandemic, with its massive disruption in social interaction by way of \"stay at home\" orders, is serving as a catalyst for improving telehealth. Large health systems are investing millions of dollars and increasing telehealth visit numbers 100-fold to access patients. The \"telehealth movement\" is here to stay and will undoubtedly be incorporated into providers' daily lives years after the COVID-19 pandemic. By embracing virtual access to health care, otolaryngologists will be able to influence improvements to these systems and broaden access options for patient care well into the future."}, {"pmid": 32233057, "pmcid": "PMC7228206", "title": "Novel Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) in the immunocompromised transplant recipient: #Flatteningthecurve.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Fishman, Jay A", "Grossi, Paolo A"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233057", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419053, "pmcid": "PMC7230135", "title": "Development and characterization of 20 polymorphic microsatellite markers for the white-bellied pangolin Phataginus tricuspis (Mammalia, Pholidota).", "journal": "Mol Biol Rep", "authors": ["Aguillon, Samantha", "Din Dipita, Alain", "Lecompte, Emilie", "Missoup, Alain Didier", "Tindo, Maurice", "Gaubert, Philippe"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419053", "countries": ["Cameroon"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pangolins, or scaly anteaters, have recently been flagshiped as one of the most illegally traded mammals, and as a corollary, as potential intermediate hosts at the origin of the COVID-19 pandemic. In order to improve the traceability of their trade, we developed 20 polymorphic microsatellite loci for the white-bellied pangolin (Phataginus tricuspis), the species most frequently found on African bushmeat markets. We genotyped 24 white-bellied pangolins from the Douala market, Cameroon, originating from the Ebo forest c. 75\u00a0km north-east of Douala. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 12 (mean\u2009=\u20096.95), and mean observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.592 (0.208-0.875) and 0.671 (0.469-0.836), respectively. Genetic diversity was higher than that cross-estimated from microsatellite loci developed for other species of pangolins. Two loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and two loci showed linkage disequilibrium. Genetic variance (PCoA) was increased with the addition of 13 pangolins of unknown origin, possibly suggesting that the Douala market is fed from differentiated source populations of white-bellied pangolins. Each of the 37 individuals had a unique multilocus genotype. The unbiased probability of identity (uPI) and the probability of identity among siblings (PIsibs) were both very low (uPI\u2009=\u20098.443 e-21; PIsibs\u2009=\u20091.011 e-07). Only five microsatellite loci were needed to reach the conservative value of PIsibs\u2009<\u20090.01, overall indicating a powerful discriminating power of our combined loci. These 20 newly developed microsatellite loci might prove useful in tracing the local-to-global trade of the white-bellied pangolin, and will hopefully contribute to the DNA-assisted implementation of future conservation strategies at reasonable costs."}, {"pmid": 32402416, "pmcid": "PMC7188646", "title": "Intestinal perforation in patient with COVID-19 infection treated with tocilizumab and corticosteroids. Report of a clinical case.", "journal": "Cir Esp", "authors": ["Gonzalvez Guardiola, Paula", "Diez Ares, Jose Angel", "Peris Tomas, Nuria", "Sebastian Tomas, Juan Carlos", "Navarro Martinez, Sergio"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402416", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380531, "pmcid": "PMC7239198", "title": "Trying times for heart failure trials during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Ozkan, Judy"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420960, "title": "COVID 19 and Spanish flu pandemics: All it changes, nothing changes.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Franchini, Antonia Francesca", "Auxilia, Francesco", "Galimberti, Paolo M", "Piga, Maria Antonella", "Castaldi, Silvana", "Porro, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420960", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Corona Virus 19 (COVID 19) epidemic is an infectious disease which was declared as a pandemic and hit all the Countries, all over the world, from the beginning of the year 2020. There are many similarities between the COVID 19 epidemic and the Spanish flu epidemic. We considered some preventive measures which do not change in the two epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32525387, "title": "The psychosocial impact of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy: A lesson for mental health prevention in the first severely hit European country.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Marazziti, Donatella", "Pozza, Andrea", "Di Giuseppe, Mariagrazia", "Conversano, Ciro"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525387", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy was the first European country severely hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. While the containment measures were relatively effective in the acute phase, the current postemergency phase addressing the long-term psychosocial consequences is the key challenge for our healthcare system, where the importance of mental health prevention is not sufficiently recognized. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32519768, "title": "Hyperpyrexia in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Suwanwongse, Kulachanya", "Shabarek, Nehad"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519768", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health emergency, in which its effective treatment and prevention remain obscured. Hyperpyrexia is an elevation of body temperature (BT) above 106.7 \u00b0F (41.5 \u00b0C) due to an abnormally increased hypothalamic thermo-regulatory set. The pathophysiology, impact, and outcomes of hyperpyrexia in COVID-19 patients have not yet been studied. Herein, we present clinical features and outcomes of six COVID-19 patients who had developed hyperpyrexia during hospitalization. All patients expired shortly after the onset of hyperpyrexia. Hyperpyrexia seems to adversely impact the outcomes and mortality in patients with COVID-19. The underlying mechanisms of developing hyperpyrexia in COVID-19 are mysterious. We propose it may be caused by SARS-CoV-2 related brain injury, exuberant immune response, and thrombus formation. More research is needed to verify our results. Understanding the association between hyperpyrexia and SARS-CoV-2 will help to elucidate the COVID-19 pathogenesis, which is mandatory for developing effective treatment strategies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32503883, "title": "Defining causality in COVID-19 and neurological disorders.", "journal": "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry", "authors": ["Ellul, Mark", "Varatharaj, Aravinthan", "Nicholson, Timothy R", "Pollak, Thomas Arthur", "Thomas, Naomi", "Easton, Ava", "Zandi, Michael S", "Manji, Hadi", "Solomon, Tom", "Carson, Alan", "Turner, Martin R", "Kneen, Rachel", "Galea, Ian", "Pett, Sarah", "Thomas, Rhys Huw", "Michael, Benedict Daniel"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503883", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476305, "pmcid": "PMC7261698", "title": "The Burden of Disease due to COVID-19 in Korea Using Disability-Adjusted Life Years.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Jo, Min Woo", "Go, Dun Sol", "Kim, Rhieun", "Lee, Seung Won", "Ock, Minsu", "Kim, Young Eun", "Oh, In Hwan", "Yoon, Seok Jun", "Park, Hyesook"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476305", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently experiencing a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In Korea, as in other countries, the number of confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19 have been rising. This study aimed to calculate the burden of disease due to COVID-19 in Korea. We used data on confirmed cases and deaths due to COVID-19 between January 20 and April 24, 2020 provided by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the local governments and the public media to determine disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) by sex and age. Morbidity was estimated directly among the confirmed, cured, and fatal cases. Disability weights were adopted from previous similar causes on the severity of COVID-19 for the years of life lived with disability (YLDs). The years of life lost (YLLs) were calculated using the standard life expectancy from the 2018 life tables for each sex and age. The YLDs were higher in females (155.2) than in males (105.1), but the YLLs were higher in males (1,274.3) than in females (996.4). The total disease burden attributable to COVID-19 in Korea during the study period, was estimated to be 2,531.0 DALYs, and 4.930 DALYs per 100,000 population. The YLDs and the YLLs constituted 10.3% and 89.7% of the total DALYs, respectively. The DALYs per 100,000 population were highest in people aged \u2265 80 years, followed by those aged 70-79, 60-69, and 50-59 years, but the incidence was the highest in individuals aged 20-29 years. This study provided the estimates of DALYs due to COVID-19 in Korea. Most of the disease burden from COVID-19 was derived from YLL; this indicates that decision-makers should focus and make an effort on reducing fatality for preparing the second wave of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32362649, "title": "First isolation of SARS-CoV-2 from clinical samples in India.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Sarkale, Prasad", "Patil, Savita", "Yadav, Pragya D", "Nyayanit, Dimpal A", "Sapkal, Gajanan", "Baradkar, Shrikant", "Lakra, Rajen", "Shete-Aich, Anita", "Prasad, Sharda", "Basu, Atanu", "Dar, Lalit", "Vipat, Veena", "Giri, Sidhartha", "Potdar, Varsha", "Choudhary, Manohar Lal", "Praharaj, Ira", "Jain, Amita", "Malhotra, Bharati", "Gawande, Pranita", "Kalele, Kaumudi", "Gupta, Nivedita", "Cherian, Sarah S", "Abraham, Priya"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362649", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307085, "pmcid": "PMC7194703", "title": "Practitioners specialized in oral health and coronavirus disease 2019: Professional guidelines from the French society of stomatology, maxillofacial surgery and oral surgery, to form a common front against the infectious risk.", "journal": "J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg", "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307085", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Medical as well as non-medical practitioners specialized in oral health are at high risk of infection with the Coronavirus-19 (Covid-19) because of the proximity with potentially infected biological fluids. This risk is permanent, especially during examination, care and transfer of patients. Regarding the pandemic progression of Covid-19, efficient protocols of prevention are urgently needed. Based on our experience and on the recently reported guidelines from the French National Agency for Public Health (ARS, March 5, 2020), the French Society of Hospital Hygiene (SFHH, March 4, 2020) and the Department of Infectious Risk Prevention of the Hospitals of Paris-Public Assistance (APHP, March 6, 2020), we provide several recommendations for practitioners specialized in oral health, to protect themselves from nosocomial infections, especially Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32393101, "pmcid": "PMC7218354", "title": "Outpatient Otolaryngology in the Era of COVID-19: A Data-Driven Analysis of Practice Patterns.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Kasle, David A", "Torabi, Sina J", "Savoca, Emily L", "Judson, Benjamin L", "Manes, R Peter"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393101", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has induced a prioritization of acute care and telehealth, affecting the quantity of patients seen and the modality of their care. Retrospective review. Single-institution study conducted within the Division of Otolaryngology at the Yale School of Medicine. Data on all outpatient appointments within the Division of Otolaryngology were obtained from administrative records of billing and scheduling from March 16 to April 10, 2020. For comparison, a corresponding period from 2019 was also utilized. Of 5913 scheduled visits, 3665 (62.0%) were seen between March 18 and April 12, 2019, in comparison with 649 of 5044 (12.9%) during the corresponding COVID-19-affected period. The majority of completed visits performed in weeks 1 and 2 were in person, while the majority in weeks 3 and 4 were via telehealth. Among subspecialties, a larger proportion of completed visits in 2020 were performed by pediatric and head and neck oncology otolaryngologists as compared with general/specialty otolaryngologists (P < .001). Older adults (\u226565 years) were less likely to have telehealth visits than younger adults (18-64 years; 45.6% vs 59.6%, P = .003). A major decrease in the completion rates of scheduled visits was seen in the COVID-19-affected period, though this was not proportional among subspecialties. An associated increase in telehealth visits was observed. After COVID-19-related hospital policy changes, approximately 2 weeks passed before telehealth visits surpassed in-person visits, though this was not true among older adults."}, {"pmid": 32317272, "title": "Tackling covid-19: are the costs worth the benefits?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Appleby, John"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317272", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202041, "pmcid": "PMC7161893", "title": "Alzheimer's Disease Research Enterprise in the Era of COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Alzheimers Dement", "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202041", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241766, "title": "Are UK doctors getting sufficient protective equipment against covid-19?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Sayburn, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241766", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434831, "title": "Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cirrhosis: a multicentre cohort study.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Qi, Xiaolong", "Liu, Yanna", "Wang, Jitao", "Fallowfield, Jonathan A", "Wang, Jianwen", "Li, Xinyu", "Shi, Jindong", "Pan, Hongqiu", "Zou, Shengqiang", "Zhang, Hongguang", "Chen, Zhenhuai", "Li, Fujian", "Luo, Yan", "Mei, Mei", "Liu, Huiling", "Wang, Zhengyan", "Li, Jinlin", "Yang, Hua", "Xiang, Huihua", "Li, Xiaodan", "Liu, Tao", "Zheng, Ming-Hua", "Liu, Chuan", "Huang, Yifei", "Xu, Dan", "Li, Xiaoguo", "Kang, Ning", "He, Qing", "Gu, Ye", "Zhang, Guo", "Shao, Chuxiao", "Liu, Dengxiang", "Zhang, Lin", "Li, Xun", "Kawada, Norifumi", "Jiang, Zicheng", "Wang, Fengmei", "Xiong, Bin", "Takehara, Tetsuo", "Rockey, Don C"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434831", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32290680, "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Sarzani, Riccardo", "Giulietti, Federico", "Pentima, Chiara Di", "Giordano, Piero", "Spannella, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290680", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514221, "pmcid": "PMC7267555", "title": "What the Corona (SARS-CoV 2) pandemic, climate change, and the biodiversity crisis teach us about human nature.", "journal": "Ethology", "authors": ["Goymann, Wolfgang"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514221", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343839, "pmcid": "PMC7267283", "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with chronic plaque psoriasis being treated with biological therapy: the Northern Italy experience.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Gisondi, P", "Facheris, P", "Dapavo, P", "Piaserico, S", "Conti, A", "Naldi, L", "Cazzaniga, S", "Malagoli, P", "Costanzo, A"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343839", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32132744, "pmcid": "PMC7047033", "title": "Data sharing for novel coronavirus (COVID-19).", "journal": "Bull World Health Organ", "authors": ["Moorthy, Vasee", "Henao Restrepo, Ana Maria", "Preziosi, Marie-Pierre", "Swaminathan, Soumya"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32132744", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458044, "pmcid": "PMC7248187", "title": "Inside the lungs of COVID-19 disease.", "journal": "Int J Legal Med", "authors": ["Aguiar, Diego", "Lobrinus, Johannes Alexander", "Schibler, Manuel", "Fracasso, Tony", "Lardi, Christelle"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458044", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, only few data regarding lung pathology induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is available, especially without medical intervention interfering with the natural evolution of the disease. We present here the first case of forensic autopsy of a COVID-19 fatality occurring in a young woman, in the community. Diagnosis was made at necropsy and lung histology showed diffuse alveolar damage, edema, and interstitial pneumonia with a geographically heterogeneous pattern, mostly affecting the central part of the lungs. This death related to COVID-19 pathology highlights the heterogeneity and severity of central lung lesions after natural evolution of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32520510, "title": "COVID-19: Incidental Diagnosis by 18F-FDG PET/CT.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Sinha, Partha", "Sinha, Shyamashree", "Schlehr, Evemarie", "Schlehr, James M"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520510", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 73-year-old man with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and no known malignancies was evaluated for back pain. MR examination showed lumbar spine compression fractures, and an F-FDG PET/CT scan was requested to assess for skeletal metastatic disease and potential detection of a primary neoplasm. The PET/CT examination revealed scattered FDG-avid pulmonary opacities with upper lobe preponderance highly suspicious for COVID-19. Real-time polymerase chain reaction testing of nasopharyngeal swabs confirmed the diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32070391, "pmcid": "PMC7029610", "title": "Critical care response to a hospital outbreak of the 2019-nCoV infection in Shenzhen, China.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Liu, Yong", "Li, Jinxiu", "Feng, Yongwen"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32070391", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451343, "title": "Is withdrawing treatment really more problematic than withholding treatment?", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Cameron, James", "Savulescu, Julian", "Wilkinson, Dominic"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451343", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a concern that as a result of COVID-19 there will be a shortage of ventilators for patients requiring respiratory support. This concern has resulted in significant debate about whether it is appropriate to withdraw ventilation from one patient in order to provide it to another patient who may benefit more. The current advice available to doctors appears to be inconsistent, with some suggesting withdrawal of treatment is more serious than withholding, while others suggest that this distinction should not be made. We argue that there is no ethically relevant difference between withdrawing and withholding treatment and that suggesting otherwise may have problematic consequences. If doctors are discouraged from withdrawing treatment, concern about a future shortage may make them reluctant to provide ventilation to patients who are unlikely to have a successful outcome. This may result in underutilisation of available resources. A national policy is urgently required to provide doctors with guidance about how patients should be prioritised to ensure the maximum benefit is derived from limited resources."}, {"pmid": 32514859, "title": "Drug-Induced Liver Injury and COVID-19 Infection: The Rules Remain the Same.", "journal": "Drug Saf", "authors": ["Olry, Alexandre", "Meunier, Lucy", "Delire, Benedicte", "Larrey, Dominique", "Horsmans, Yves", "Le Louet, Herve"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514859", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32200489, "pmcid": "PMC7095327", "title": "Hospitals as health factories and the coronavirus epidemic.", "journal": "J Nephrol", "authors": ["Piccoli, Giorgina Barbara"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200489", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497777, "pmcid": "PMC7263246", "title": "The Neuroinvasive Potential of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Sun, Tong", "Guan, Junwen", "You, Chao"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497777", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366061, "pmcid": "PMC7204903", "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Clinical Information for Ophthalmologists.", "journal": "Turk J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Bozkurt, Banu", "Egrilmez, Sait", "Sengor, Tomris", "Yildirim, Ozlem", "Irkec, Murat"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366061", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337192, "pmcid": "PMC7166223", "title": "COVID-19 Tragic Pandemic: Concerns over Unintentional \"Directed Accelerated Evolution\" of Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and Introducing a Modified Treatment Method for ARDS.", "journal": "J Biomed Phys Eng", "authors": ["A, Ghadimi-Moghadam", "M, Haghani", "J J, Bevelacqua", "A, Kaveh-Ahangar", "S M J, Mortazavi", "A, Ghadimi-Moghadam", "S A R, Mortazavi"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337192", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Global health authorities are trying to work out the current status of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak and explore methods to reduce the rate of its transmission to healthy individuals. In this viewpoint we provide insights concerning how health care professionals can unintentionally shift the novel coronavirus type to more drug-resistant forms. It is worth noting that viruses usually have different sensitivities to physical and chemical damaging agents such antiviral drugs, UV and heat ranging from extremely sensitive (ES) to extremely resistant (ER) based on a bell-shaped curve. Given this consideration, the widespread infection of people with such ER viruses would be a real disaster. Here, we introduce a modified treatment method for COVID-19-associated pneumonia. In this proposed method, COVID-19 patients will receive a single dose of 100, 180 or 250 mSv X-ray radiation that is less than the maximum annual radiation dose of the residents of high background radiation areas of Ramsar that is up to 260 mSv. In contrast with antiviral drugs, a single dose of either 100, 180 or 250 mSv of low LET X-rays cannot exert a significant selective pressure on the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and hence does not lead to directed accelerated evolution of these viruses. Moreover, Low Dose Radiation (LDR) has the capacity of modulating excessive inflammatory responses, regulating lymphocyte counts, and controling bacterial co-infections in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32452147, "title": "Distributive justice during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Australia.", "journal": "ANZ J Surg", "authors": ["Fisher, Oliver M", "Brown, Kilian G M", "Coker, David J", "McBride, Kate E", "Steffens, Daniel", "Koh, Cherry E", "Sandroussi, Charbel"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452147", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424023, "title": "Indoor temperature and relative humidity in hospitals: workplace considerations during the novel coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Quraishi, Sadeq A", "Berra, Lorenzo", "Nozari, Ala"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424023", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442619, "pmcid": "PMC7235567", "title": "Thoracic Surgical Oncology in Lombardy: How to Do It During COVID-19 Time?", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Bertolaccini, Luca", "Spaggiari, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442619", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268042, "title": "Imaging of Covid-19; an Irish Perspective", "journal": "Ir Med J", "authors": ["Hickie, C", "McQuade, C", "Torreggiani, W C"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268042", "countries": ["Ireland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422084, "pmcid": "PMC7236893", "title": "The New Normal: Key Considerations for Effective Serious Illness Communication Over Video or Telephone During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Flint, Lynn", "Kotwal, Ashwin"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352364, "title": "Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2: It Is Time to Produce Our Own Evidence Base.", "journal": "Turk Thorac J", "authors": ["Sayiner, Abdullah"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352364", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305399, "pmcid": "PMC7162752", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes management: What should be considered?", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Ceriello, Antonio", "Stoian, Anca Pantea", "Rizzo, Manfredi"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305399", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437232, "title": "Viral Induced Genetics Revealed by Multi-Dimensional Precision Medicine Transcriptional Workflow Applicable to COVID-19.", "journal": "Physiol Genomics", "authors": ["Prokop, Jeremy W", "Shankar, Rama", "Gupta, Ruchir", "Leimanis, Mara L", "Nedveck, Derek", "Uhl, Katie", "Chen, Bin", "Hartog, Nicholas L", "Van Veen, Jason", "Sisco, Joshua S", "Sirpilla, Olivia", "Lydic, Todd A", "Boville, Brian", "Hernandez, Angel", "Braunreiter, Chi", "Kuk, ChiuYing C", "Singh, Varinder", "Mills, Joshua", "Wegener, Marc", "Adams, Marie", "Rhodes, Mary", "Bachmann, Andre S", "Pan, Wenjing", "Byrne-Steele, Miranda L", "Smith, D Casey", "Depinet, Mollye", "Brown, Brittany E", "Eisenhower, Mary", "Han, Jian", "Haw, Marcus", "Madura, Casey", "Sanfilippo, Dominic J", "Seaver, Laurie H", "Bupp, Caleb", "Rajasekaran, Surender"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437232", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Precision medicine requires the translation of basic biological understanding to medical insights, mainly applied to characterization of each unique patient. In many clinical settings, this requires tools that can be broadly used to identify pathology and risks. Patients often present to the intensive care unit with broad phenotypes, including multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) resulting from infection, trauma, or other disease processes. Etiology and outcomes are unique to individuals, making it difficult to cohort patients with MODS, but presenting a prime target for testing/developing tools for precision medicine. Using multitime point whole blood (cellular/acellular) total transcriptomics in 27 patients, we highlight the promise of simultaneously mapping viral/bacterial load, cell composition, tissue damage biomarkers, balance between syndromic biology versus environmental response, and unique biological insights in each patient using a single platform measurement. Integration of a transcriptome workflow yielded unexpected insights into the complex interplay between host genetics and viral/bacterial specific mechanisms, highlighted by a unique case of virally induced genetics (VIG) within one of these 27 patients. The power of RNA-Seq to study unique patient biology while investigating environmental contributions can be a critical tool moving forward for translational sciences applied to precision medicine."}, {"pmid": 32420924, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on census, organization and activity of a large urban Emergency Department.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Comelli, Ivan", "Scioscioli, Francesco", "Cervellin, Gianfranco"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420924", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is overwhelming the response of many regional health services across Italy. This article aims to report and discuss the data of the first 8 weeks of COVID-19 epidemic in the emergency department (ED) of the University Hospital of Parma. The ED visits were analyzed as follows: total ED visits, divided in COVID-19/ non-COVID-19 cases, and in trauma-related/non-trauma-related cases; outcome (i.e., discharged, admitted, dead in the ED) of patients, altogether or stratified according to triage class; age classes of the entire ED population. Total ED visits decreased starting from the first days of the outbreak, then exhibiting progressive growth afterwards. COVID suspected cases rapidly increased, whereas non-COVID suspected dropped and remained well below the standard. Trauma-related cases declined, both as ED visits and as hospital admissions. The percentage and absolute number of patients admitted to hospital wards progressively increased, rapidly overwhelming the number of cases that could be discharged. The admission rate in the lowest priority classes also displayed a marked increase. The youngest age classes dramatically declined, whilst the oldest progressively increased, remaining considerably over the standard rate of the local ED. The COVID-19 pandemic has obliged the health care systems to undergo a paradigm shift. Even triage criteria have partially lost their meaning, as shown by the dramatic increase of hospital admissions, even in the lowest priority classes. A deep re-organizational process of the ED was undertaken. Hospitals must be constantly resilient and prepared to these new emergencies in terms of equipment, medical and nurses staff, larger bed capacity in short time, availability of intensive and sub-intensive beds, and flexibility."}, {"pmid": 32427774, "title": "Early Outcomes with Utilization of Tissue Plasminogen Activator in COVID-19 Associated Respiratory Distress: A series of five cases.", "journal": "J Trauma Acute Care Surg", "authors": ["Christie, D Benjamin 3rd", "Nemec, Hannah M", "Scott, Anthony M", "Buchanan, John T", "Franklin, Christopher M", "Ahmed, Aftab", "Khan, Muhammad S", "Callender, Charles W", "James, Erskine A", "Christie, Amy B", "Ashley, Dennis W"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427774", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus patients demonstrate varying degrees of respiratory insufficiency; many will progress to respiratory failure with a severe version of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) refractory to traditional supportive strategies. Providers must consider alternative therapies to deter or prevent the cascade of decompensation to fulminant respiratory failure. This is a case-series of five COVID-19 positive patients who demonstrated severe hypoxemia, declining respiratory performance, and escalating oxygen requirements. Patients met the following criteria: COVID-19 positivity, worsening respiratory performance, severe hypoxemia (PaO2<80) despite traditional supportive measures, escalating supplemental oxygen requirements and D-dimer greater than 1.5\u03bcg/mL. All patients received protocol directed thrombolytic therapy with Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA). All five patients improved without deleterious effects of thrombolytic therapy. Patient one was on maximum ventilator support, paralytics, and prone positioning without improvement. During tPA administration his P/F ratio improved from 69 to 127. Ventilator support was weaned immediately on post-treatment day 1 and he was extubated on post treatment day 12. Our second through fifth patients were not intubated at time of initiation of tPA therapy. These patients each required significant oxygen supplementation trending toward intubation. After tPA therapy, all patients demonstrated a noticeable increase in PaO2 values overtime. Three of these patients avoided intubation due to COVID-19 associated respiratory failure. Administration of thrombolytics was followed by overall improvement in patients' oxygen requirements, and in three cases, prevented progression to mechanical ventilation, without deleterious effects. Clinical trials of thrombolytic therapy would further serve to underscore the efficacy and utility of this therapy. Level V- Case series of therapeutic effect."}, {"pmid": 32253110, "pmcid": "PMC7128728", "title": "Introduction to the special issue: Tumor antigens in the time of the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Semin Immunol", "authors": ["Finn, Olivera J"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253110", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493716, "title": "David Oliver: Covid-19 has highlighted the NHS's strengths and weaknesses.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Oliver, David"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493716", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464127, "pmcid": "PMC7247469", "title": "RE: Re: Yu et al: Assessing Viral Shedding and Infectivity of Tears in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Yu Jun, Ivan Seah", "Anderson, Danielle E", "Wang, Lin-Fa", "Young, Barnaby Edward", "Lye, David Chien", "Agrawal, Rupesh"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464127", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32186661, "title": "Presidential Powers and Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Gostin, Lawrence O", "Hodge, James G Jr", "Wiley, Lindsay F"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32186661", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469683, "title": "Use of personal protective equipment while admixing antineoplastic drugs during the COVID-19 pandemic era: Questionnaire survey in Niigata, Japan.", "journal": "J Oncol Pharm Pract", "authors": ["Mitsuboshi, Satoru", "Yoshino, Masaki", "Hosokawa, Hiroki", "Isobe, Hirokazu", "Kobayashi, Kenichi"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469683", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425477, "pmcid": "PMC7233235", "title": "Pandemic and the Role of the Program Director as Gatekeeper.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Potts, John R 3rd"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425477", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32508374, "pmcid": "PMC7260528", "title": "Pandemic stricken cities on lockdown. Where are our planning and design professionals [now, then and into the future]?", "journal": "Land use policy", "authors": ["Allam, Zaheer", "Jones, David S"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508374", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chinese cities have been placed upon lockdown in early 2020 in an attempt to contain the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), as increasingly huge demands are being placed upon Chinese and international health professionals to address this pandemic. Surprisingly, planning and design professionals are absent in the discourses about existing and post-COVID-19 strategies and actions even though previous pandemics historically revealed major impacts on the urban fabric from social and economic perspectives. This paper is a call for action for international architectural and urban organisations to include pandemics and similar in their disaster management strategies. This need is very evident in their need to better design creative and relevant protocols in partnership with health discipine organisations, and so that their applied deployment in pandemic stricken cities can be effected integrated seamlessly within normal city environment planning activities and also in incident situations like containing the current COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32219885, "pmcid": "PMC7228231", "title": "Stability issues of RT-PCR testing of SARS-CoV-2 for hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Yafang", "Yao, Lin", "Li, Jiawei", "Chen, Lei", "Song, Yiyan", "Cai, Zhifang", "Yang, Chunhua"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219885", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this study, we collected a total of 610 hospitalized patients from Wuhan between February 2, 2020, and February 17, 2020. We reported a potentially high false negative rate of real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for SARS-CoV-2 in the 610 hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19 during the 2019 outbreak. We also found that the RT-PCR results from several tests at different points were variable from the same patients during the course of diagnosis and treatment of these patients. Our results indicate that in addition to the emphasis on RT-PCR testing, clinical indicators such as computed tomography images should also be used not only for diagnosis and treatment but also for isolation, recovery/discharge, and transferring for hospitalized patients clinically diagnosed with COVID-19 during the current epidemic. These results suggested the urgent needs for the standard of procedures of sampling from different anatomic sites, sample transportation, optimization of RT-PCR, serology diagnosis/screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and distinct diagnosis from other respiratory diseases such as fluenza infections as well."}, {"pmid": 32304464, "pmcid": "PMC7179058", "title": "Calculate the COVID-19 equation with the people's energy as key variable.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Boggs, Steven D"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304464", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340995, "title": "Covid-19: protecting patients in hospital for neurorehabilitation and their therapists.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mamo, Jonathan", "Feroz, Beenish", "Mahmood, Sazan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340995", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32155302, "pmcid": "PMC7166833", "title": "COVID-19: Emerging compassion, courage and resilience in the face of misinformation and adversity.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Smith, Graeme D", "Ng, Fowie", "Ho Cheung Li, William"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32155302", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407467, "pmcid": "PMC7239244", "title": "Clinical features and outcomes of HIV patients with coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gervasoni, Cristina", "Meraviglia, Paola", "Riva, Agostino", "Giacomelli, Andrea", "Oreni, Letizia", "Minisci, Davide", "Atzori, Chiara", "Ridolfo, Annalisa", "Cattaneo, Dario"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407467", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Little is known about the clinical outcomes of HIV patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. We describe 47 patients referred to our hospital between 21 February and 16 April 2020 with proven/probable COVID-19, 45 (96%) of whom fully recovered and two died."}, {"pmid": 32515393, "title": "Long term complications and rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Dasgupta, Arundhati", "Kalhan, Atul", "Kalra, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515393", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 having caught the world almost unaware millions of people across the globe are presently grappling to deal with its acute effects . Our previous experience with members of the same corona virus family (SARS and MERS) which have caused two major epidemics in the past albeit of much lower magnitude , has taught us that the harmful effect of such outbreaks are not limited to acute complications alone .Long term cardiopulmonary, glucometabolic and neuropsychiatric complications have been documented following these infections .In the given circumstance it is therefore imperative to keep in mind the possible complications that may occur after the acute phase of the disease subsides and to prepare the healthcare system for such challenges."}, {"pmid": 32311043, "pmcid": "PMC7188117", "title": "'COVID-19 Pandemic' Anxiety induced Tako-tsubo Cardiomyopathy.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Chadha, Sameer"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311043", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515675, "title": "Neurological Involvement of COVID-19 Patients: Making the Most of MRI.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Purcell, Yvonne", "Lecler, Augustin", "Saragoussi, Edouard", "Poiron, Emilie", "Poillon, Guillaume", "Savatovsky, Julien"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515675", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377812, "pmcid": "PMC7202679", "title": "CT and COVID-19: Chinese experience and recommendations concerning detection, staging and follow-up.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Fan, Li", "Liu, ShiYuan"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377812", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469246, "title": "Psychophysical Olfactory Tests and Detection of COVID-19 in Patients With Sudden Onset Olfactory Dysfunction: A Prospective Study.", "journal": "Ear Nose Throat J", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Cabaraux, Pierre", "Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M", "Khalife, Mohamad", "Plzak, Jan", "Hans, Stephane", "Martiny, Delphine", "Calvo-Henriquez, Christian", "Barillari, Maria R", "Hopkins, Claire", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469246", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) status of patients with initial sudden olfactory anosmia (ISOA) through nasopharyngeal swabs for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and to explore their olfactory dysfunctions with psychophysical olfactory evaluation. A total of 78 ISOA patients were recruited from April 6, 2020, to April 10, 2020, through a public call of University of Mons (Mons, Belgium). Patients benefited from nasopharyngeal swabs and fulfilled the patient-reported outcome questionnaire. Among them, 46 patients performed psychophysical olfactory evaluation using olfactory identification testing. Based on the duration of the ISOA, 2 groups of patients were compared: patients with olfactory dysfunction duration \u226412 days (group 1) and those with duration >12 days (group 2). In group 1, 42 patients (87.5%) had a positive viral load determined by RT-PCR and 6 patients (12.5%) were negative. In group 2, 7 patients (23%) had a positive viral load and 23 patients (77%) were negative. The psychophysical olfactory evaluation reported that anosmia and hyposmia occurred in 24 (52%) and 11 (24%) patients, respectively. Eleven patients were normosmic. The viral load was significantly higher in patients of group 1 compared with those of group 2. Coronavirus disease 2019 was detected in a high proportion of ISOA patients, especially over the first 12 days of olfactory dysfunction. Anosmia is an important symptom to consider in the detection of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32342881, "pmcid": "PMC7175025", "title": "COVID-19 and gynecological cancers: A Moroccan point-of-view.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Ismaili, Nabil"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342881", "countries": ["Morocco"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32072255, "pmcid": "PMC7087878", "title": "Outbreak of novel coronavirus (COVID-19): What is the role of radiologists?", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Kim, Hyungjin"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32072255", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2022 Novel coronavirus (COVID-19)-infected pneumonia usually manifests as bilateral ground-glass opacities in the lung periphery on chest CT scans. \u2022 Role of radiologists includes not only early detection of lung abnormality, but also suggestion of disease severity, potential progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome, and possible bacterial co-infection in hospitalized patients."}, {"pmid": 32250493, "title": "Life in the pandemic: Social isolation and mental health.", "journal": "J Clin Nurs", "authors": ["Usher, Kim", "Bhullar, Navjot", "Jackson, Debra"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250493", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473236, "pmcid": "PMC7255109", "title": "Ethnicity profiles of COVID-19 admissions and outcomes.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Kakkar, Dr Nishchay", "Dunphy, Dr Jessica", "Raza, Dr Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473236", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352318, "title": "Population Trends in Rates of Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization for Acute Coronary Syndromes Associated with the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Piccolo, Raffaele", "Bruzzese, Dario", "Mauro, Ciro", "Aloia, Antonio", "Baldi, Cesare", "Boccalatte, Marco", "Bottiglieri, Giuseppe", "Briguori, Carlo", "Caiazzo, Gianluca", "Calabro, Paolo", "Cappelli-Bigazzi, Maurizio", "De Simone, Ciro", "Di Lorenzo, Emilio", "Golino, Paolo", "Monda, Vittorio", "Perrotta, Rocco", "Quaranta, Gaetano", "Russolillo, Enrico", "Scherillo, Marino", "Tesorio, Tullio", "Tuccillo, Bernardino", "Valva, Giuseppe", "Villari, Bruno", "Tarantini, Giuseppe", "Varricchio, Attilio", "Esposito, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352318", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453637, "title": "Mental Health Treatment for Front-Line Clinicians During and After the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Plea to the Medical Community.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Taylor, Warren D", "Blackford, Jennifer Urbano"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453637", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530779, "title": "Prevention of skin damage caused by the protective equipment used to mitigate COVID-19.", "journal": "J Wound Care", "authors": ["Gefen, Amit", "Ousey, Karen"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530779", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307215, "pmcid": "PMC7151319", "title": "Assessing the Burden of Nondeferrable Major Uro-oncologic Surgery to Guide Prioritisation Strategies During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from Three Italian High-volume Referral Centres.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Campi, Riccardo", "Amparore, Daniele", "Capitanio, Umberto", "Checcucci, Enrico", "Salonia, Andrea", "Fiori, Cristian", "Minervini, Andrea", "Briganti, Alberto", "Carini, Marco", "Montorsi, Francesco", "Serni, Sergio", "Porpiglia, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307215", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to an unprecedented emergency scenario for all aspects of health care, including urology. At the time of writing, Italy was the country with the highest rates of both infection and mortality. A panel of experts recently released recommendations for prioritising urologic surgeries in a low-resource setting. Of note, major cancer surgery represents a compelling challenge. However, the burden of these procedures and the impact of such recommendations on urologic practice are currently unknown. To fill this gap, we assessed the yearly proportion of high-priority major uro-oncologic surgeries at three Italian high-volume academic centres. Of 2387 major cancer surgeries, 32.3% were classified as high priority (12.6% of radical nephroureterectomy, 17.3% of nephrectomy, 33.9% of radical prostatectomy, and 36.2% of radical cystectomy cases). Moreover, 26.4% of high-priority major cancer surgeries were performed in patients at higher perioperative risk (American Society of Anesthesiologists score \u22653), with radical cystectomy contributing the most to this cohort (50%). Our real-life data contextualise ongoing recommendations on prioritisation strategies during the current COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the need for better patient selection for surgery. We found that approximately two-thirds of elective major uro-oncologic surgeries can be safely postponed or changed to another treatment modality when the availability of health care resources is reduced. PATIENT SUMMARY: We used data from three high-volume Italian academic urology centres to evaluate how many surgeries performed for prostate, bladder, kidney, and upper tract urothelial cancer can be postponed in times of emergency. We found that approximately two-thirds of patients with these cancers do not require high-priority surgery. Conversely, of patients requiring high-priority surgery, approximately one in four is considered at high perioperative risk. These patients may pose challenges in allocation of resources in critical scenarios such as the current COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32470515, "pmcid": "PMC7250557", "title": "Ramipril in High Risk Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Amat-Santos, Ignacio J", "Santos-Martinez, Sandra", "Lopez-Otero, Diego", "Nombela-Franco, Luis", "Gutierrez-Ibanes, Enrique", "Del Valle, Raquel", "Munoz-Garcia, Erika", "Jimenez-Diaz, Victor A", "Regueiro, Ander", "Gonzalez-Ferreiro, Rocio", "Benito, Tomas", "Sanmartin-Pena, Xoan Carlos", "Catala, Pablo", "Rodriguez-Gabella, Tania", "Delgado-Arana, Jose Raul", "Carrasco-Moraleja, Manuel", "Ibanez, Borja", "San Roman, J Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470515", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV2 that interfaces with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2). This interaction has been proposed as a potential risk factor in patients treated with RAAS-inhibitors. To analyze if RAAS-inhibitors modify the risk for COVID-19. RASTAVI (NCT03201185) is an ongoing randomized clinical trial randomly allocating Ramipril or control after successful transcatheter aortic valve replacement at 14 centers is Spain. We performed a non-pre-specified interim analysis to evaluate its impact on COVID-19 risk in this vulnerable population. As in April 1st 2020, 102 patients (50 Ramipril and 52 controls) were included in the trial. Mean age was 82.3\u00b16.1 years, 56.9% males. Median time of Ramipril treatment was 6 months [IQR:2.9-11.4]. Eleven patients (10.8%) have been diagnosed with COVID-19 (6 in control group and 5 receiving Ramipril, HR=1.150 [95%CI: 0.351-3.768]). The risk of COVID-19 was increased in older patients (p=0.019), those with atrial fibrillation (p=0.066), lower hematocrit (p=0.084), and more comorbidities according to Society of thoracic surgeons score (p=0.065). Admission and oxygen supply was required in 4.9% (2 patients in the Ramipril and 3 in control), and 4 of them died (two in each randomized group). A higher body mass index was the only factor increasing the mortality rate (p=0.039). In a high risk population of old patients with cardiovascular disease, randomization to Ramipril had no impact in the incidence or severity of COVID-19. This analysis supports the maintenance of RAAS-inhibitor treatment during COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32387343, "pmcid": "PMC7199725", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: \"Three-steps\" infection model and CSF diagnostic implication.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Panciani, Pier Paolo", "Saraceno, Giorgio", "Zanin, Luca", "Renisi, Giulia", "Signorini, Liana", "Battaglia, Luigi", "Fontanella, Marco Maria"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387343", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414399, "pmcid": "PMC7228669", "title": "Advanced respiratory monitoring in COVID-19 patients: use less PEEP!", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Roesthuis, Lisanne", "van den Berg, Maarten", "van der Hoeven, Hans"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414399", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242236, "pmcid": "PMC7184428", "title": "COVID-19 and smoking.", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Berlin, Ivan", "Thomas, Daniel", "Le Faou, Anne-Laurence", "Cornuz, Jacques"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242236", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330521, "pmcid": "PMC7194626", "title": "COVID-19 coronavirus research has overall low methodological quality thus far: case in point for chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Alexander, Paul Elias", "Debono, Victoria Borg", "Mammen, Manoj J", "Iorio, Alfonso", "Aryal, Komal", "Deng, Dianna", "Brocard, Eva", "Alhazzani, Waleed"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330521", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prior epidemics of high-mortality human coronaviruses, such as the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV or SARS-1) in 2003, have driven the characterization of compounds that could be possibly active against the currently emerging novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Presently, no approved treatment or prophylaxis is available for COVID-19. We comment on the existing COVID-19 research methodologies in general and the published reporting. Given the media attention and claims of effectiveness, we chose chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, in combination with azithromycin, as an area of COVID-19 research to examine. MEDLINE and EMBASE electronic databases were searched from 2019 to present (April 3rd, 2020) using a mix of keywords such as COVID-19 and chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. We also searched the largest clinical medicine preprint repository, medRxiv.org. We found 6 studies, 3 randomized control trials and 3 observational studies, focusing on chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (with azithromycin). We critically appraised the evidence. We found that the COVID-19 research methodology is very poor in the area of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine research. In screening the literature, we observed the same across COVID-19 research in relation to potential treatments. The reporting is very poor and sparse, and patient-important outcomes needed to discern decision-making priorities are not reported. We do understand the barriers to perform rigorous research in health care settings overwhelmed by a novel deadly disease. However, this emergency pandemic situation does not transform flawed methods and data into credible results. The adequately powered, comparative, and robust clinical research that is needed for optimal evidence-informed decision-making remains absent in COVID-19."}]