[{"pmid": 32393316, "pmcid": "PMC7212246", "title": "Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on life scientists.", "journal": "Genome Biol", "authors": ["Korbel, Jan O", "Stegle, Oliver"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393316", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287803, "pmcid": "PMC7131356", "title": "Covid-19 goes global.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["MacKenzie, Debora"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287803", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our chance to limit international outbreaks may be over as the virus spreads in Italy and the Middle East, reports Debora MacKenzie."}, {"pmid": 32303077, "title": "Considerations for Obstetric Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Perinatol", "authors": ["Dotters-Katz, Sarah K", "Hughes, Brenna L"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303077", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a growing pandemic that is impacting daily life across the globe. Though disease is often mild, in high-risk populations, severe disease often leads to intubation, intensive care admission (ICU) admission, and in many cases death. The implications for pregnancy remain largely unknown. Early data suggest that COVID-19 may not pose increased risk in the pregnant population. Vertical transmission has not been confirmed. Because no treatment, no vaccine and no herd immunity exist, social distancing is the best mechanism available to protect patients and health care workers from infection. This review will discuss what is known about the virus as it relates to pregnancy and then consider management considerations based on these data. KEY POINTS: \u00b7 COVID-19 severity in pregnancy is unclear.. \u00b7 Social distancing is the best protective mechanism.. \u00b7 No clear evidence of vertical transmission exists.. \u00b7 Mother/baby separation avoids transmission.."}, {"pmid": 32502132, "title": "Airway management in the operating room and interventional suites in known or suspected COVID-19 adult patients: a practical review.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Thiruvenkatarajan, Venkatesan", "Wong, David T", "Kothandan, Harikrishnan", "Sekhar, Vimal", "Adhikary, Sanjib Das", "Currie, John", "Van Wijk, Roelof"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502132", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current evidence suggests that Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread occurs via respiratory droplets (particles >5 \u00b5m), and possibly through aerosol. The rate of transmission remains high during airway management. This was evident during the 2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic where those who were involved in tracheal intubation had a higher risk of infection than those who were not involved (odds ratio 6.6). We describe specific airway management principles for patients with known or suspected COVID-19 disease for an array of critical care and procedural settings. We conducted a thorough search of the available literature of airway management of COVID-19 across a variety of international settings. In addition, we have analyzed various medical professional body recommendations for common procedural practices such as interventional cardiology, gastroenterology and pulmonology. A systematic process that aims to protect the operators involved via appropriate personal protective equipment, avoidance of unnecessary patient contact and minimalization of periprocedural aerosol generation are key components to successful airway management. For operating room cases requiring general anesthesia or complex interventional procedures, tracheal intubation should be the preferred option. For interventional procedures when tracheal intubation is not indicated, cautious conscious sedation appears to be a reasonable approach. Awake intubation should be avoided unless it is absolutely necessary. Extubation is a high-risk procedure for aerosol and droplet spread and needs thorough planning and preparation. As updates and modifications in the management of COVID-19 are still evolving, local guidelines, appraised at regular intervals, are vital in optimizing clinical management."}, {"pmid": 32446714, "pmcid": "PMC7241346", "title": "High Mortality Rates for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Pre-existing Chronic Liver Disease and Cirrhosis: Preliminary Results from an International Registry.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Moon, Andrew M", "Webb, Gwilym J", "Aloman, Costica", "Armstrong, Matthew J", "Cargill, Tamsin", "Dhanasekaran, Renumathy", "Genesca, Joan", "Gill, Upkar S", "James, Theodore W", "Jones, Patricia D", "Marshall, Aileen", "Mells, George", "Perumalswami, Ponni V", "Qi, Xiaolong", "Su, Feng", "Ufere, Nneka N", "Barnes, Eleanor", "Barritt, A Sidney 4th", "Marjot, Thomas"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446714", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419128, "title": "Resuscitation of the patient with suspected/confirmed COVID-19 when wearing personal protective equipment: A randomized multicenter crossover simulation trial.", "journal": "Cardiol J", "authors": ["Malysz, Marek", "Dabrowski, Marek", "Bottiger, Bernd W", "Smereka, Jacek", "Kulak, Klaudia", "Szarpak, Agnieszka", "Jaguszewski, Milosz", "Filipiak, Krzysztof J", "Ladny, Jerzy R", "Ruetzler, Kurt", "Szarpak, Lukasz"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419128", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the study was to evaluate various methods of chest compressions in patients with suspected/confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection conducted by medical students wearing full personal protective equipment (PPE) for aerosol generating procedures (AGP). This was prospective, randomized, multicenter, single-blinded, crossover simulation trial. Thirty-five medical students after an advanced cardiovascular life support course, which included performing 2-min continuous chest compression scenarios using 3 methods: (A) manual chest compression (CC), (B) compression with CPRMeter, (C) compression with LifeLine ARM device. During resuscitation they are wearing full personal protective equipment for aerosol generating procedures. The median chest compression depth using manual CC, CPRMeter and LifeLine ARM varied and amounted to 40 (38-45) vs. 45 (40-50) vs. 51 (50-52) mm, respectively (p = 0.002). The median chest compression rate was 109 (IQR; 102-131) compressions per minute (CPM) for manual CC, 107 (105-127) CPM for CPRMeter, and 102 (101-102) CPM for LifeLine ARM (p = 0.027). The percentage of correct chest recoil was the highest for LifeLine ARM - 100% (95-100), 80% (60-90) in CPRMeter group, and the lowest for manual CC - 29% (26-48). According to the results of this simulation trial, automated chest compression devices (ACCD) should be used for chest compression of patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19. In the absence of ACCD, it seems reasonable to change the cardiopulmonary resuscitation algorithm (in the context of patients with suspected/confirmed COVID-19) by reducing the duration of the CPR cycle from the current 2-min to 1-min cycles due to a statistically significant reduction in the quality of chest compressions among rescuers wearing PPE AGP."}, {"pmid": 32227671, "title": "COVID-19-Related School Closings and Risk of Weight Gain Among Children.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Rundle, Andrew G", "Park, Yoosun", "Herbstman, Julie B", "Kinsey, Eliza W", "Wang, Y Claire"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227671", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292533, "pmcid": "PMC7144856", "title": "La chirurgie digestive urgente, victime collaterale de la crise du Covid-19?", "authors": ["Slim, K", "Veziant, J"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292533", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373994, "title": "Could host cell receptor alteration prevent SARS-CoV-2 viral entry? - Hype or hope.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Paulpandi, M", "Kavithaa, K", "Asaikkutty, A", "Balachandar, V", "Ayyadurai, N", "Arul, N"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373994", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cell-surface receptors are the inviters of many potent pathogens that can adjust to any kind of circumstance for their existence. Many of these organisms are highly resistant to the currently existing drugs and mutate to new strains with high levels of pathogenesis, posing life-threatening consequences. Owing to such concerns, antiviral strategies are being assessed based on host cell receptor targeting. Many natural compounds with a tendency to strip off the cell surface receptors are under evaluation. Compounds that are non-toxic, patient friendly, and yield a quick output are essential for the current scenario. Drugs targeting the cell surface receptors should, therefore, be developed and standardized for the effective management of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection."}, {"pmid": 32314699, "pmcid": "PMC7253125", "title": "Case Report: The Importance of Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Coinfection with Other Respiratory Pathogens in the Current Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Khaddour, Karam", "Sikora, Anna", "Tahir, Nayha", "Nepomuceno, Daniel", "Huang, Tian"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314699", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The early shortage of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) tests in the United States led many hospitals to first screen for common respiratory pathogens, and only if this screen was negative to proceed with COVID-19 testing. We report a case of a 56-year-old woman with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) coinfection with group A Streptococcus. The initial testing strategy resulted in delays in both diagnosis and implementation of appropriate precautions. Underlined is the importance of testing for both SARS-CoV-2 and other common respiratory pathogens during the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32425470, "pmcid": "PMC7227566", "title": "Altered Mental Status as a Novel Initial Clinical Presentation for COVID-19 Infection in the Elderly.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Ward, Christine F", "Figiel, Gary S", "McDonald, William M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425470", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease of 2019 or COVID-19 was first identified in Hubei Province in China in November of 2019 and quickly spread to become a global pandemic. The virus, SARS-Coronavirus-2 (2-SARS-CoV-2), is particularly virulent in the elderly who can develop symptoms and become mortally ill within days of contracting the virus. The virus is easily transmitted by droplets (e.g., sneezing, coughing) and communal living settings such as personal care homes can be vulnerable to the spread of the virus. Identifying patients early in the disease process is important to providing appropriate medical interventions. To date, most of the medical literature, including Center for Disease Control guidelines, has relied on three necessary symptoms in making the diagnosis of COVID-19: fever, cough and shortness of breath. We present four cases of elderly patients who developed altered mental status as their presenting symptom without associated fever or respiratory symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32269087, "pmcid": "PMC7144267", "title": "Novel Coronavirus Infection in Newborn Babies Under 28 Days in China.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Zhang, Zhi-Jiang", "Yu, Xue-Jie", "Fu, Tao", "Liu, Yu", "Jiang, Yan", "Yang, Bing Xiang", "Bi, Yongyi"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269087", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Previous studies described the clinical features of Covid-19 in adults and infants under 1\u2005year of age. Little is known about features, outcomes and intrauterine transmission potential in newborn babies aged 28\u2005days or less. Through systematical searching, we identified 4 infections in newborn babies in China as of March 13. The age range was 30\u2005h to 17\u2005days old. Three were male. Two newborn babies had fever, 1 had shortness of breath, 1 had cough and 1 had no syndromes. Supportive treatment was provided for all 4 newborn babies. None required intensive unit care or mechanical ventilation. None had any severe complications. Three newborn babies recovered by the end of this study and had been discharged with 16, 23, and 30\u2005days of hospital stay. All 4 mothers were infected by SARS-CoV-2, 3 showing symptoms before and 1 after delivery. Cesarean section was used for all 4 mothers, 3 at level III hospitals and 1 at a level II hospital. Three newborn babies were separated from mothers right after being born and were not breastfed. In summary, newborn babies are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The symptoms in newborn babies were milder and outcomes were less severe as compared to adults. Intrauterine vertical transmission is possible but direct evidence is still lacking."}, {"pmid": 32353640, "pmcid": "PMC7128831", "title": "Work in the Time of Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Surg Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Lindsey M"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353640", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312570, "pmcid": "PMC7151245", "title": "Extubation barrier drape to minimise droplet spread.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Patino Montoya, Miguel", "Chitilian, Hovig V"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312570", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437124, "pmcid": "PMC7263075", "title": "Selective Naked-Eye Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Mediated by N Gene Targeted Antisense Oligonucleotide Capped Plasmonic Nanoparticles.", "journal": "ACS Nano", "authors": ["Moitra, Parikshit", "Alafeef, Maha", "Dighe, Ketan", "Frieman, Matthew B", "Pan, Dipanjan"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437124", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) demands its rapid, convenient, and large-scale diagnosis to downregulate its spread within as well as across the communities. But the reliability, reproducibility, and selectivity of majority of such diagnostic tests fail when they are tested either to a viral load at its early representation or to a viral gene mutated during its current spread. In this regard, a selective \"naked-eye\" detection of SARS-CoV-2 is highly desirable, which can be tested without accessing any advanced instrumental techniques. We herein report the development of a colorimetric assay based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), when capped with suitably designed thiol-modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) specific for N-gene (nucleocapsid phosphoprotein) of SARS-CoV-2, could be used for diagnosing positive COVID-19 cases within 10 min from the isolated RNA samples. The thiol-modified ASO-capped AuNPs agglomerate selectively in the presence of its target RNA sequence of SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrate a change in its surface plasmon resonance. Further, the addition of RNaseH cleaves the RNA strand from the RNA-DNA hybrid leading to a visually detectable precipitate from the solution mediated by the additional agglomeration among the AuNPs. The selectivity of the assay has been monitored in the presence of MERS-CoV viral RNA with a limit of detection of 0.18 ng/\u03bcL of RNA having SARS-CoV-2 viral load. Thus, the current study reports a selective and visual \"naked-eye\" detection of COVID-19 causative virus, SARS-CoV-2, without the requirement of any sophisticated instrumental techniques."}, {"pmid": 32302404, "pmcid": "PMC7188170", "title": "The Essential Role of Home- and Community-Based Physical Therapists During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Phys Ther", "authors": ["Falvey, Jason R", "Krafft, Cindy", "Kornetti, Diana"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302404", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32114747, "title": "[Advances in the research of cytokine storm mechanism induced by Corona Virus Disease 2019 and the corresponding immunotherapies].", "journal": "Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi", "authors": ["Chen, C", "Zhang, X R", "Ju, Z Y", "He, W F"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114747", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has seriously affected the treatment of patients and social stability. In the later stage of disease, some COVID-19 patients may develop into acute respiratory distress syndrome or even multiple organ failure. However, one of the most important mechanism underlying the deterioration of disease is cytokine storm. At present, some therapies such as interleukin-6 antibody blocker, stem cell therapy, and transfusion of convalescent plasma have been applied to counteract the cytokine storm and have made some progress. This article reviews the influences of cytokine storm syndrome on the COVID-19 and the corresponding immunotherapies to resist cytokine storm."}, {"pmid": 32399451, "pmcid": "PMC7213827", "title": "A Case of Coinfection with SARS-COV-2 and Cytomegalovirus in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["D'Ardes, Damiano", "Boccatonda, Andrea", "Schiavone, Cosima", "Santilli, Francesca", "Guagnano, Maria Teresa", "Bucci, Marco", "Cipollone, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399451", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization has declared novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) an international public health emergency. We describe the case of a 92-year-old woman who was admitted to our unit with fever and chills with laboratory evidence of coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and cytomegalovirus. This is the first reported case of coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 and cytomegalovirus."}, {"pmid": 32502616, "pmcid": "PMC7267807", "title": "Co-expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the superficial adult human conjunctival, limbal and corneal epithelium suggests an additional route of entry via the ocular surface.", "journal": "Ocul Surf", "authors": ["Collin, Joseph", "Queen, Rachel", "Zerti, Darin", "Dorgau, Birthe", "Georgiou, Maria", "Djidrovski, Ivo", "Hussain, Rafiqul", "Coxhead, Jonathan M", "Joseph, Agatha", "Rooney, Paul", "Lisgo, Steven", "Figueiredo, Francisco", "Armstrong, Lyle", "Lako, Majlinda"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502616", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The high infection rate of SARS-CoV-2 necessitates the need for multiple studies identifying the molecular mechanisms that facilitate the viral entry and propagation. Currently the potential extra-respiratory transmission routes of SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. Using single-cell RNA Seq and ATAC-Seq datasets and immunohistochemical analysis, we investigated SARS-CoV-2 tropism in the embryonic, fetal and adult human ocular surface. The co-expression of ACE2 receptor and entry protease TMPRSS2 was detected in the human adult conjunctival, limbal and corneal epithelium, but not in the embryonic and fetal ocular surface up to 21 post conception weeks. These expression patterns were corroborated by the single cell ATAC-Seq data, which revealed a permissive chromatin in ACE2 and TMPRSS2 loci in the adult conjunctival, limbal and corneal epithelium. Co-expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 was strongly detected in the superficial limbal, corneal and conjunctival epithelium, implicating these as target entry cells for SARS-CoV-2 in the ocular surface. Strikingly, we also identified the key pro-inflammatory signals TNF, NFK\u03b2 and IFNG as upstream regulators of the transcriptional profile of ACE2+TMPRSS2+ cells in the superficial conjunctival epithelium, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may utilise inflammatory driven upregulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression to enhance infection in ocular surface. Together our data indicate that the human ocular surface epithelium provides an additional entry portal for SARS-CoV-2, which may exploit inflammatory driven upregulation of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 entry factors to enhance infection."}, {"pmid": 32398800, "title": "Possible challenges in behavioral phenotyping of rodents following COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Lab Anim (NY)", "authors": ["Manda, Kailash"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398800", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389851, "pmcid": "PMC7204705", "title": "COVID-19 and religious congregations: Implications for spread of novel pathogens.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Quadri, Sayed A"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is ravaging the world. A principal preventive strategy is practicing social distancing. Congregations of the faithful at the local and transnational levels are strongly recommended by several world religions and religious orders, however, a gathering of large numbers of people in close approximation could be fertile ground for the spread of novel pathogens. The refusal to suspend such gatherings could lead to potential widespread dispersal of infections."}, {"pmid": 32490797, "title": "Developing Trust With Early Medical School Graduates During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Kinnear, Benjamin", "Kelleher, Matthew", "Olson, Andrew Pj", "Sall, Dana", "Schumacher, Daniel J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490797", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412848, "title": "A Case of COVID-19 and Pneumocystis jirovecii Co-infection.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Menon, Aravind A", "Berg, David D", "Brea, Elliot J", "Deutsch, Aaron J", "Kidia, Khameer K", "Thurber, Emilia G", "Polsky, Sylvie B", "Yeh, Tiffany", "Duskin, Jonathan A", "Holliday, Alison M", "Gay, Elizabeth B", "Fredenburgh, Laura E"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412848", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412919, "title": "Gender and Age Differences Reveal Risk Patterns in COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Altern Ther Health Med", "authors": ["Singh, Yogendra", "Gupta, Gaurav", "Mishra, Anurag", "Chellappan, Dinesh Kumar", "Dua, Kamal"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412919", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "By April 28th 2020, the global number of people that were viciously infected with the newfound novel corona virus (COVID-19) stood at a staggering 3 077 133 cases, as per the confirmed data released by the WHO. It has been reported that women from the Chinese Han population are associated with essential hypertension due to their relation with the 5 SNPs, namely, rs1514283, rs4646155, rs4646176, rs2285666, and rs879922, which belong to the ACE2 gene. The level of ACE2 activity was very low in normal healthy younger persons, and was reported to be increased in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Thus, there might be severe myocarditis, that may result in acute heart failure and cardiac complexities in the elderly subjects."}, {"pmid": 32450560, "title": "COVID-19, Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin, and Hemodialysis.", "journal": "Kidney Blood Press Res", "authors": ["Perna, Alessandra F", "Capolongo, Giovanna", "Trepiccione, Francesco", "Simeoni, Mariadelina", "Zacchia, Miriam", "Ingrosso, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450560", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401322, "title": "A Towering Babel of Risk Information in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Trust and Credibility in Risk Perception and Positive Public Health Behaviors.", "journal": "Fam Med", "authors": ["Mainous, Arch G 3rd"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401322", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410266, "pmcid": "PMC7272823", "title": "Immunoregulation with mTOR inhibitors to prevent COVID-19 severity: A novel intervention strategy beyond vaccines and specific antiviral medicines.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zheng, Yunfeng", "Li, Renfeng", "Liu, Shunai"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410266", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major global public health concern. The mortality rate for critically ill patients is up to 60%, and, thus, reducing the disease severity and case mortality is a top priority. Currently, cytokine storms are considered as the major cause of critical illness and death due to COVID-19. After a systematical review of the literature, we propose that cross-reactive antibodies associated with antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) may actually be the cause of cytokine storms. It would be more difficult to develop vaccines for highly pathogenic human coronaviruses (CoVs) if ADE characteristics are taken into consideration. Therefore, it is urgent to find an effective way to prevent the occurrence of severe illness as severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV-2 specific drugs or vaccines are still in development. If the activation of memory B cells can be selectively inhibited in high-risk patients at an early stage of COVID-19 to reduce the production of cross-reactive antibodies against the virus, we speculate that ADE can be circumvented and severe symptoms can be prevented. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors satisfy such needs and it is recommended to conduct clinical trials for mTOR inhibitors in preventing the severity of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32294372, "title": "Audio Interview: Caring for Patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294372", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32389162, "pmcid": "PMC7253764", "title": "To relax restrictions: Are communities ready to deal with repeated epidemic waves of COVID-19?", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Wang, Jiancong", "Lee, Yew Fong", "Liu, Fangfei", "Zhou, Mouqing"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389162", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32481771, "title": "Keeping Hospitals Safe During the COVID-19 Pandemic Finding inspiration in a father's credo.", "journal": "R I Med J (2013)", "authors": ["Mermel, Leonard A"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481771", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376408, "pmcid": "PMC7196546", "title": "Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Among Patients with Pre-Existing Liver Disease in United States: A Multi-Center Research Network Study.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Singh, Shailendra", "Khan, Ahmad"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376408", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327426, "title": "SLE patients are not immune to covid-19: importance of sending the right message across.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Goyal, Mohit"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327426", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302077, "pmcid": "PMC7182016", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Pregnant Women with Covid-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Chen, Lian", "Li, Qin", "Zheng, Danni", "Jiang, Hai", "Wei, Yuan", "Zou, Li", "Feng, Ling", "Xiong, Guoping", "Sun, Guoqiang", "Wang, Haibo", "Zhao, Yangyu", "Qiao, Jie"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302077", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32295895, "title": "Comparison of Copan ESwab and FLOQSwab for COVID-19 Diagnosis: Working around a Supply Shortage.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Vermeiren, Christie", "Marchand-Senecal, Xavier", "Sheldrake, Elena", "Bulir, David", "Smieja, Marek", "Chong, Sylvia", "Forbes, Jessica D", "Katz, Kevin"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295895", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271609, "title": "COVID-19 Exposes the Cracks in Our Already Fragile Mental Health System.", "journal": "Am J Public Health", "authors": ["Auerbach, John", "Miller, Benjamin F"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271609", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic has caused enormous concern among many people. Every morning, we are met with an increasing deluge of dire news about the most recent number of people to contract COVID-19 and to die from it, decreases in the stock market, and countries implementing broad travel restrictions and stay-at-home orders.1,2 The current state of affairs is having a negative effect on the mental well-being of our country's residents. It also highlights the policy gaps in our current system that inhibit the vital conditions for well-being and resiliency.3 Although the primary focus has rightfully been on stopping the spread of COVID-19, we should also quickly prepare to address the mental toll the pandemic is taking on individuals and communities across the country. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print May 21, 2020: e1-e2. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2020.305699)."}, {"pmid": 32236465, "pmcid": "PMC7184506", "title": "The Cardiologist at the time of Coronavirus: a perfect storm.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Rapezzi, Claudio", "Ferrari, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236465", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404436, "title": "TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4 promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human small intestinal enterocytes.", "journal": "Sci Immunol", "authors": ["Zang, Ruochen", "Gomez Castro, Maria Florencia", "McCune, Broc T", "Zeng, Qiru", "Rothlauf, Paul W", "Sonnek, Naomi M", "Liu, Zhuoming", "Brulois, Kevin F", "Wang, Xin", "Greenberg, Harry B", "Diamond, Michael S", "Ciorba, Matthew A", "Whelan, Sean P J", "Ding, Siyuan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404436", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Gastrointestinal symptoms and fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA are frequently observed in COVID-19 patients. However, it is unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 replicates in the human intestine and contributes to possible fecal-oral transmission. Here, we report productive infection of SARS-CoV-2 in ACE2+ mature enterocytes in human small intestinal enteroids. Expression of two mucosa-specific serine proteases, TMPRSS2 and TMPRSS4, facilitated SARS-CoV-2 spike fusogenic activity and promoted virus entry into host cells. We also demonstrate that viruses released into the intestinal lumen were inactivated by simulated human colonic fluid, and infectious virus was not recovered from the stool specimens of COVID-19 patients. Our results highlight the intestine as a potential site of SARS-CoV-2 replication, which may contribute to local and systemic illness and overall disease progression."}, {"pmid": 32427334, "title": "Detection of Nucleocapsid Antibody to SARS-CoV-2 is More Sensitive than Antibody to Spike Protein in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Burbelo, Peter D", "Riedo, Francis X", "Morishima, Chihiro", "Rawlings, Stephen", "Smith, Davey", "Das, Sanchita", "Strich, Jeffrey R", "Chertow, Daniel S", "Davey, Richard T", "Cohen, Jeffrey I"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427334", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is associated with respiratory-related morbidity and mortality. Assays to detect virus-specific antibodies are important to understand the prevalence of infection and the course of the immune response. Quantitative measurements of plasma or serum antibodies by luciferase immunoprecipitation assay systems (LIPS) to the nucleocapsid and spike proteins were analyzed in 100 cross-sectional or longitudinal samples from SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. A subset of samples was tested with and without heat inactivation. Fifteen or more days after symptom onset, antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein showed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, while antibodies to spike protein were detected with 91% sensitivity and 100% specificity. Neither antibody levels nor the rate of seropositivity were significantly reduced by heat inactivation of samples. Analysis of daily samples from six patients with COVID-19 showed anti-nucleocapsid and spike antibodies appearing between day 8 and day 14 after initial symptoms. Immunocompromised patients generally had a delayed antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 compared to immunocompetent patients. Antibody to the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 is more sensitive than spike protein antibody for detecting early infection. Analyzing heat-inactivated samples by LIPS is a safe and sensitive method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies."}, {"pmid": 32497353, "title": "Psychological distress during the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic among cancer survivors and healthy controls.", "journal": "Psychooncology", "authors": ["Ng, Dwl", "Chan, Fhf", "Barry, T J", "Lam, C", "Chong, C Y", "Kok, Hcs", "Liao, Q", "Fielding, R", "Lam, Wwt"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497353", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32232426, "title": "Surgical Considerations for Tracheostomy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned From the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Outbreak.", "journal": "JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Tay, Joshua K", "Khoo, Mark Li-Chung", "Loh, Woei Shyang"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232426", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492089, "title": "Outpatient Treatment at Home for Medicare Beneficiaries During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Bekelman, Justin E", "Emanuel, Ezekiel J", "Navathe, Amol S"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492089", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322535, "pmcid": "PMC7172804", "title": "Socially distanced school-based nutrition program feeding under COVID 19 in the rural Niger Delta.", "journal": "Extr Ind Soc", "authors": ["Francis, Nabie Nubari", "Pegg, Scott"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322535", "countries": ["Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Niger Delta region of Nigeria is widely recognized as a complex and contentious space for oil exploration and production. Over the past few decades, the Niger Delta has witnessed large-scale mass peaceful mobilizations and rebellion-like conditions from violent militia groups. Oil companies have been implicated in violence perpetrated by Nigerian security forces. Local host communities have suffered greatly from corruption, political instability, violence and the environmental devastation of their farmlands and fishing grounds. Oil companies have increasingly turned to corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives to attempt to build or repair relations with oil-producing communities. There are also governmental and non-governmental humanitarian actors supporting various initiatives in the oil-producing areas. This article highlights the challenges that one long running micro-scale development project has faced due to the COVID 19 disease outbreak and the closure of all schools in Rivers State, Nigeria in March 2020. The school closures have halted some initiatives, but our weekly nutritional program feedings have continued in new, socially distanced forms."}, {"pmid": 32370275, "title": "Preparedness of Frontline Doctors in Jordan Healthcare Facilities to COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Suleiman, Aiman", "Bsisu, Isam", "Guzu, Hasan", "Santarisi, Abeer", "Alsatari, Murad", "Abbad, Ala'", "Jaber, Ahmad", "Harb, Taima'a", "Abuhejleh, Ahmad", "Nadi, Nisreen", "Aloweidi, Abdelkarim", "Almustafa, Mahmoud"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370275", "countries": ["Jordan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease of 2019) cases in Jordan is rising rapidly. A serious threat to the healthcare system appears on the horizon. Our study aims to evaluate preparedness of Jordanian frontline doctors to the worsening scenario. It has a questionnaire-based cross-sectional structure. The questionnaire was designed to evaluate preparedness according to knowledge about virus transmission and protective measures, adherence to protection guidelines, and psychological impacts affecting doctors. Institutional factors affecting doctors' readiness like adopting approach protocols and making protection equipment available were investigated; 308 doctors from different healthcare facilities participated (response rate: 53.9%). Approximately 25% of doctors (n = 77) previously took care of COVID-19 patients, and 173 (56.2%) have institutional COVID-19 approach protocols. Only 57 doctors (18.5%) reported all PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) available. The self-reported score of preparedness to deal with COVID-19 patients was 4.9 \u00b1 2.4. Doctors having institutional protocols for dealing with COVID-19 cases and those with sustained availability of PPE reported higher scores of preparedness (5.5 \u00b1 2.3 and 6.2 \u00b1 2.1 with p < 0.001, respectively). Correlations with knowledge score, adherence to PPE score, and psychological impacts were investigated. The study revealed multiple challenges and insufficiencies that can affect frontline doctors' preparedness. Policy makers are urged to take these findings into consideration and to act promptly."}, {"pmid": 32388418, "pmcid": "PMC7190485", "title": "How an Epidemic Outbreak Impacts Happiness: Factors that Worsen (vs. Protect) Emotional Well-being during the Coronavirus Pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Yang, Haiyang", "Ma, Jingjing"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388418", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "What are the factors that worsen (vs. protect) emotional well-being during a pandemic outbreak such as COVID-19? Through two large-scale nationwide surveys (N1\u00a0=\u00a011,131; N2\u00a0=\u00a03,000) conducted in China immediately before versus during the coronavirus outbreak, we found that the onset of the coronavirus epidemic led to a 74% drop in overall emotional well-being. Factors associated with the likelihood of contracting the disease (e.g., residing near the epicenter), extent of potential harm (e.g., being an elderly), and relational issues (e.g., those within a marriage) exacerbated the detrimental effect of the outbreak on emotional well-being. Further, individuals' perception of their knowledge about coronavirus infection was another factor. Regardless of the actual amount of knowledge they possessed, those perceiving themselves as more knowledgeable, were able to experience more happiness during the outbreak. Higher perceived knowledge was associated with a stronger sense of control, which mediated the differences in emotional well-being. These patterns persisted even after controlling for a host of demographic and economic variables. In conclusion, public policies and mental health interventions aimed at boosting/protecting psychological well-being during epidemics should take account of these factors."}, {"pmid": 32401229, "title": "Novel coronavirus, novel faculty development programs: rapid transition to eLearning during the pandemic.", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Mulla, Zuber D", "Osland-Paton, Valerie", "Rodriguez, Marco A", "Vazquez, Eduardo", "Kupesic Plavsic, Sanja"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401229", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a rapid and massive transition to online education. We describe the response of our Office of Faculty Development at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso (TTUHSC EP) to this unprecedented challenge during and after this post-pandemic crisis. The initiatives for emergency transition to eLearning and faculty development described in this paper may serve as a model for other academic health centers, schools, colleges and universities."}, {"pmid": 32349868, "pmcid": "PMC7270876", "title": "[The Anesthesiologist and COVID-19].", "journal": "Rev Bras Anestesiol", "authors": ["Quintao, Vinicius Caldeira", "Simoes, Claudia Marquez", "Lima, Lais Helena Navarro E", "Barros, Guilherme Antonio Moreira de", "Salgado-Filho, Marcello Fonseca", "Guimaraes, Gabriel Magalhaes Nunes", "Alves, Rodrigo Leal", "Caetano, Ana Maria Menezes", "Schmidt, Andre Prato", "Carmona, Maria Jose Carvalho"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349868", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463221, "pmcid": "PMC7263077", "title": "Endogenous Deficiency of Glutathione as the Most Likely Cause of Serious Manifestations and Death in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "ACS Infect Dis", "authors": ["Polonikov, Alexey"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463221", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Higher rates of serious illness and death from coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection among older people and those who have comorbidities suggest that age- and disease-related biological processes make such individuals more sensitive to environmental stress factors including infectious agents like coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, impaired redox homeostasis and associated oxidative stress appear to be important biological processes that may account for increased individual susceptibility to diverse environmental insults. The aim of this Viewpoint is to justify (1) the crucial roles of glutathione in determining individual responsiveness to COVID-19 infection and disease pathogenesis and (2) the feasibility of using glutathione as a means for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 illness. The hypothesis that glutathione deficiency is the most plausible explanation for serious manifestation and death in COVID-19 patients was proposed on the basis of an exhaustive literature analysis and observations. The hypothesis unravels the mysteries of epidemiological data on the risk factors determining serious manifestations of COVID-19 infection and the high risk of death and opens real opportunities for effective treatment and prevention of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32379314, "pmcid": "PMC7239179", "title": "Letter: Emergency Response Plan During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The University of Alabama at Birmingham Experience.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Laskay, Nicholas M B", "Estevez-Ordonez, Dagoberto", "Omar, Nidal B", "Chagoya, Gustavo", "Atchley, Travis J", "Elsayed, Galal A", "Shank, Christopher D", "Dalgo, Caitlin E", "Guthrie, Barton L", "Rozzelle, Curtis J", "Markert, James M"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379314", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330267, "pmcid": "PMC7188122", "title": "Pulmonary embolism in returning traveler with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Foch, Emilie", "Allou, Nathalie", "Vitry, Thierry", "Masse, Laurie", "Allyn, Jerome", "Andre, Michel", "Allou, Nicolas"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330267", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486380, "title": "The Impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity Behavior and Well-Being of Canadians.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Lesser, Iris A", "Nienhuis, Carl P"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486380", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) resulted in restrictions to daily living for Canadians, including social distancing and closure of city and provincial recreation facilities, national parks and playgrounds. The objective of this study was to assess how these preemptive measures impacted physical activity behaviour and well-being of Canadians. An online survey was utilized to measure participant physical activity behavior, nature exposure, well-being and anxiety levels. Results indicate that while 40.5% of inactive individuals became less active, only 22.4% of active individuals became less active. Comparatively, 33% of inactive individuals became more active while 40.3% of active individuals became more active. There were significant differences in well-being outcomes in the inactive population between those who were more active, the same or less active (p < 0.001) but this was not seen in the active population. Inactive participants who spent more time engaged in outdoor physical activity had lower anxiety than those who spent less time in outdoor physical activity. Public health measures differentially affected Canadians who were active and inactive and physical activity was strongly associated with well-being outcomes in inactive individuals. This suggests that health promoting measures directed towards inactive individuals may be essential to improving well-being."}, {"pmid": 32291376, "title": "Clinical Progression of COVID-19 Patient with Extended Incubation Period, Delayed RT-PCR Time-to-positivity, and Potential Role of Chest CT-scan.", "journal": "Acta Med Indones", "authors": ["Burhan, Erlina", "Prasenohadi, Prasenohadi", "Rogayah, Rita", "Isbaniyah, Fathiyah", "Reisa, Tina", "Dharmawan, Ibrahim"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291376", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), previously called 2019-nCoV, is a novel disease caused by SARS- CoV-2 which was first identified as outbreak of unknown respiratory illness in Wuhan, China. COVID- 19 was declared as global health emergency by WHO on March 11, 2020 and quickly elevated to global pandemic on 11 March 2020. COVID-19 symptom is highly various in each patient, with fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, and cough as the main presenting symptoms. Patient with COVID-19 may shows severe symptom with severe pneumonia and ARDS, mild symptom resembling simple upper respiration tract infection, or even completely asymptomatic. Approximately 80% of cases is mild. However the number may changes as more people are getting tested. Some experts are estimating that up to 50% of all cases may be asymptomatic carrier."}, {"pmid": 32395910, "pmcid": "PMC7272939", "title": "Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Patients With COVID-19: Pneumonia, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, or Something Else?", "journal": "J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["Soldati, Gino", "Giannasi, Gianfranco", "Smargiassi, Andrea", "Inchingolo, Riccardo", "Demi, Libertario"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395910", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a very heterogeneous disease. Some aspects of COVID-19 pneumonia question the real nature of ground glass opacities and its consolidative lesions. It has been hypothesized that COVID-19 lung involvement could represent not only a viral effect but also an immune response induced by the infection, causing epithelial/endothelial lesions and coagulation disorders. We report 3 cases of COVID-19 pneumonia in which contrast-enhanced ultrasound was suggestive of consolidations with perfusion defects, at least in part caused by ischemic or necrotic changes and not only by inflammatory or atelectasis events."}, {"pmid": 32429006, "pmcid": "PMC7272805", "title": "Mental health participation in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Depress Anxiety", "authors": ["Stein, Murray B"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429006", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474594, "title": "From Easing Lockdowns to Scaling-Up Community-Based COVID-19 Screening, Testing, and Contact Tracing in Africa - Shared Approaches, Innovations, and Challenges to Minimize Morbidity and Mortality.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Nachega, Jean B", "Grimwood, Ashraf", "Mahomed, Hassan", "Fatti, Geoffrey", "Preiser, Wolfgang", "Kallay, Oscar", "Mbala, Placide K", "Muyembe, Jean-Jacques T", "Rwagasore, Edson", "Nsanzimana, Sabin", "Ngamije, Daniel", "Condo, Jeanine", "Sidat, Mohsin", "Noormahomed, Emilia V", "Reid, Michael", "Lukeni, Beatrice", "Suleman, Fatima", "Mteta, Alfred", "Zumla, Alimuddin"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474594", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The arrival of COVID-19 to the African continent resulted in a range of locally relevant lockdown measures, which curtailed the spread of SARS-CoV-2 but caused economic hardship for large sections of the population.\u00a0African countries now face difficult choices regarding easing of lockdowns and sustaining effective public health control measures and surveillance.\u00a0 Control of the COVID-19 pandemic will require efficient community screening, testing, contact tracing, and behavioral change interventions, adequate resources, and a well-supported, community-based team of trained, protected personnel.\u00a0 We discuss COVID-19 screening-testing-contact tracing approaches used in selected African countries and the need for shared, affordable, innovative methods to overcome challenges and minimize mortality rates. This crisis presents a unique opportunity to align COVID-19 services with those already in place for HIV, TB, Malaria, and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) through mobilization of Africa's inter-professional healthcare workforce to contain the pandemic. By addressing the challenges, the detrimental effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on African citizens can be minimized."}, {"pmid": 32300537, "pmcid": "PMC7161495", "title": "The economic impact of the Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-2019): Implications for the mining industry.", "journal": "Extr Ind Soc", "authors": ["Laing, Timothy"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300537", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) global pandemic has not only caused infections and deaths, but it has also wreaked havoc with the global economy on a scale not seen since at least the Great Depression. Covid-19 has the potential to destroy individual livelihoods, businesses, industries and entire economies. The mining sector is not immune to these impacts, and the crisis has the potential to have severe consequences in the short, medium and long-term for the industry. Understanding these impacts, and analysing their significance for the industry, and the role it plays in wider economic development is a crucial task for academic research."}, {"pmid": 32267243, "title": "Health risks and potential remedies during prolonged lockdowns for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Diagnosis (Berl)", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Henry, Brandon M", "Bovo, Chiara", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267243", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues, an increasing number of countries and territories are adopting restrictive measures based on physical (\"social\") distancing, aimed at preventing human-to-human transmission and thereby limiting virus propagation. Nationwide lockdowns, encompassing mass quarantine under stay-at-home ordinances, have already been proven effective to contain the COVID-19 outbreak in some countries. Nevertheless, a prolonged homestay may also be associated with potential side effects, which may jeopardize people's health and thus must be recognized and mitigated in a way without violating local ordinances. Some of the most important undesirable consequences of prolonged homestay such as physical inactivity, weight gain, behavioral addiction disorders, insufficient sunlight exposure and social isolation will be critically addressed in this article, which also aims to provide some tentative recommendations for the alleviation of side effects."}, {"pmid": 32353898, "pmcid": "PMC7267318", "title": "Histopathology and genetic susceptibility in COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["von der Thusen, Jan", "van der Eerden, Menno"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353898", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical features of COVID-19 range from a mild illness to patients with a very severe illness with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring ventilation and Intensive Care Unit admission. Risk factors for a fatal disease include older age, respiratory disease, diabetes mellitus, obesity and hypertension. Little is known about the mechanisms behind observed episodes of sudden deterioration or the infrequent idiosyncratic clinical demise in otherwise healthy and young subjects. As in other diseases, the answer to some of these questions may in time be provided by genotyping as well careful clinical, serological, radiological and histopathological phenotyping, which enable mechanistic insights into the differences in pathogenesis and underlying immunological and tissue regenerative response patterns. We will aim to provide a brief overview of the existing evidence for such differences in host response and outcome, and generate hypotheses for divergent patterns and avenues for future research, by highlighting similarities and differences in histopathological appearance between COVID19 and influenza as well as previous coronavirus outbreaks, and by discussing predisposition through genetics and underlying disease."}, {"pmid": 32376634, "pmcid": "PMC7260975", "title": "Cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Shang, Jian", "Wan, Yushun", "Luo, Chuming", "Ye, Gang", "Geng, Qibin", "Auerbach, Ashley", "Li, Fang"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376634", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-like coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is causing the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 enters human cells is a high priority for deciphering its mystery and curbing its spread. A virus surface spike protein mediates SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells. To fulfill its function, SARS-CoV-2 spike binds to its receptor human ACE2 (hACE2) through its receptor-binding domain (RBD) and is proteolytically activated by human proteases. Here we investigated receptor binding and protease activation of SARS-CoV-2 spike using biochemical and pseudovirus entry assays. Our findings have identified key cell entry mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. First, SARS-CoV-2 RBD has higher hACE2 binding affinity than SARS-CoV RBD, supporting efficient cell entry. Second, paradoxically, the hACE2 binding affinity of the entire SARS-CoV-2 spike is comparable to or lower than that of SARS-CoV spike, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 RBD, albeit more potent, is less exposed than SARS-CoV RBD. Third, unlike SARS-CoV, cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 is preactivated by proprotein convertase furin, reducing its dependence on target cell proteases for entry. The high hACE2 binding affinity of the RBD, furin preactivation of the spike, and hidden RBD in the spike potentially allow SARS-CoV-2 to maintain efficient cell entry while evading immune surveillance. These features may contribute to the wide spread of the virus. Successful intervention strategies must target both the potency of SARS-CoV-2 and its evasiveness."}, {"pmid": 32423582, "pmcid": "PMC7190297", "title": "Preventing major outbreaks of COVID-19 in jails.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Okano, Justin T", "Blower, Sally"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423582", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532625, "title": "E-Rehabilitation: One solution for patients with Parkinson's disease in COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Parkinsonism Relat Disord", "authors": ["Srivastav, Adarsh Kumar", "Samuel, Asir John"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532625", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406305, "title": "What every orthopaedic surgeon should know about COVID-19: A review of the current literature.", "journal": "J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)", "authors": ["Yung, Colin Shing-Yat", "Fok, Kevin Chi Him", "Leung, Ching Ngai", "Wong, Yat Wa"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406305", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has severely affected the medical community and stopped the world in its tracks. This review aims to provide the basic information necessary for us, orthopaedic surgeons to prepare ourselves to face this pandemic together. Herein, we cover the background of COVID-19, presentation, investigations, transmission, infection control and touch upon emerging treatments. It is of paramount importance that we should stay vigilant for our patients, our families and ourselves. Adequate infection control measures are necessary during day-to-day clinical work."}, {"pmid": 32363540, "pmcid": "PMC7196179", "title": "Bowel Necrosis in the Setting of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Gastrointest Surg", "authors": ["Gartland, Rajshri M", "Velmahos, George C"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363540", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251498, "pmcid": "PMC7184512", "title": "Hypertension and COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Hypertens", "authors": ["Schiffrin, Ernesto L", "Flack, John M", "Ito, Sadayoshi", "Muntner, Paul", "Webb, R Clinton"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251498", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471008, "title": "Ethical considerations for paediatrics during the COVID-19 pandemic: A discussion paper from the Australian Paediatric Clinical Ethics Collaboration.", "journal": "J Paediatr Child Health", "authors": ["Jansen, Melanie", "Irving, Helen", "Gillam, Lynn", "Sharwood, Erin", "Preisz, Anne", "Basu, Shreerupa", "Delaney, Clare", "McDougall, Rosalind", "Johnston, Carolyn", "Isaacs, David", "Lister, Paula"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471008", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276501, "pmcid": "PMC7177341", "title": "Spatio-Temporal Patterns of the 2019-nCoV Epidemic at the County Level in Hubei Province, China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Yang, Wentao", "Deng, Min", "Li, Chaokui", "Huang, Jincai"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276501", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Understanding the spatio-temporal characteristics or patterns of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) epidemic is critical in effectively preventing and controlling this epidemic. However, no research analyzed the spatial dependency and temporal dynamics of 2019-nCoV. Consequently, this research aims to detect the spatio-temporal patterns of the 2019-nCoV epidemic using spatio-temporal analysis methods at the county level in Hubei province. The Mann-Kendall and Pettitt methods were used to identify the temporal trends and abrupt changes in the time series of daily new confirmed cases, respectively. The local Moran's I index was applied to uncover the spatial patterns of the incidence rate, including spatial clusters and outliers. On the basis of the data from January 26 to February 11, 2020, we found that there were 11 areas with different types of temporal patterns of daily new confirmed cases. The pattern characterized by an increasing trend and abrupt change is mainly attributed to the improvement in the ability to diagnose the disease. Spatial clusters with high incidence rates during the period were concentrated in Wuhan Metropolitan Area due to the high intensity of spatial interaction of the population. Therefore, enhancing the ability to diagnose the disease and controlling the movement of the population can be confirmed as effective measures to prevent and control the regional outbreak of the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32100980, "title": "[Chemotherapy strategy for colorectal cancer under the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Y H", "Shen, L", "Li, J"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32100980", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) makes the medical treatment of colorectal cancers difficult. Cancer patients are more susceptible to infection and tumor history is defined as an important factor of poor prognosis, which challenges both doctors and patients. For metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, maintenance therapy is the optimal choice. The patients with tumor progression or poor biological behaviorshould receive or or continue combination chemotherapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy should reduce the intensity of treatment and shorten the therapy time. Fever patients during chemotherapy need to receive differential diagnosis and screening according to national standards. Patients with stable diseases and good general conditions may delay imaging examination.. Clinicians should make individual clinical decisions based on the specifics of each patient durding epidemic situation."}, {"pmid": 32324440, "title": "Response to: Safe Handling of Containers of Expressed Human Milk in all Settings During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic (Marinelli and Lawrence, 2020).", "journal": "J Hum Lact", "authors": ["Stellwagen, Lisa", "Chambers, Christina"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324440", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382448, "pmcid": "PMC7204702", "title": "COVID-19 and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Infections in Health-Care Workers in Korea.", "journal": "Saf Health Work", "authors": ["Kang, Seong-Kyu"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382448", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417379, "pmcid": "PMC7224644", "title": "Unique Patterns of Cardiovascular Involvement in Coronavirus Disease-2019.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Hendren, Nicholas S", "Grodin, Justin L", "Drazner, Mark H"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417379", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444351, "title": "Covid-19 care before, during, and beyond the hospital.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rauh, Alicia L", "Linder, Jeffrey A"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444351", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387156, "pmcid": "PMC7188642", "title": "The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the Practice of Hand Surgery in Singapore.", "journal": "J Hand Surg Am", "authors": ["Hwee, Jolie", "Chiew, Jean", "Sechachalam, Sreedharan"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387156", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is rapidly evolving. Tan Tock Seng Hospital and the National Centre for Infectious Disease see the majority of confirmed and suspected cases in Singapore. This article describes the impact of COVID-19 on the practice of hand and reconstructive microsurgery (HRM) in our institution. It details our department's response as the situation escalated and the impact on the HRM elective and emergency workload, including the use of personal protective equipment on the surgical practice of HRM, as well as the effects of the condition on social and academic life."}, {"pmid": 32292669, "pmcid": "PMC7152572", "title": "Coronavirus Goes Viral: Quantifying the COVID-19 Misinformation Epidemic on Twitter.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Kouzy, Ramez", "Abi Jaoude, Joseph", "Kraitem, Afif", "El Alam, Molly B", "Karam, Basil", "Adib, Elio", "Zarka, Jabra", "Traboulsi, Cindy", "Akl, Elie W", "Baddour, Khalil"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292669", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, misinformation has been spreading\u00a0uninhibited\u00a0over traditional and social media at a rapid pace. We sought to analyze the magnitude of misinformation that is being spread on Twitter\u00a0(Twitter, Inc., San Francisco, CA) regarding the coronavirus epidemic.\u00a0 Materials and methods We conducted a search on Twitter using 14 different trending hashtags and keywords related to the COVID-19 epidemic. We then summarized and assessed individual tweets for misinformation in comparison to verified and peer-reviewed resources. Descriptive statistics were used to compare\u00a0terms and hashtags, and to identify individual tweets and account characteristics. Results The study included 673 tweets. Most tweets were posted by informal individuals/groups (66%), and 129 (19.2%) belonged to verified Twitter accounts. The majority of included tweets contained serious content (91.2%); 548 tweets (81.4%) included genuine information pertaining to the COVID-19 epidemic. Around 70% of the tweets tackled medical/public health information, while the others were pertaining to sociopolitical and financial factors. In total, 153 tweets (24.8%) included misinformation, and 107 (17.4%) included unverifiable information regarding the COVID-19 epidemic. The rate of misinformation was higher among informal individual/group accounts (33.8%, p: <0.001). Tweets from unverified Twitter accounts contained more misinformation (31.0% vs 12.6% for verified accounts, p: <0.001). Tweets from healthcare/public health accounts had the lowest rate of unverifiable information (12.3%, p: 0.04). The number of likes and retweets per tweet was not associated with a difference in either false or unverifiable content. The keyword \"COVID-19\" had the lowest rate of misinformation and unverifiable information, while the keywords \"#2019_ncov\" and \"Corona\" were associated with the highest amount of misinformation and unverifiable content respectively. Conclusions Medical misinformation and unverifiable content pertaining to the global COVID-19 epidemic are being propagated at an alarming rate on social media. We provide an early quantification of the magnitude of misinformation spread and highlight the importance of early interventions in order to curb this phenomenon that endangers public safety at a time when awareness and appropriate preventive actions are paramount."}, {"pmid": 32294795, "title": "Benefits, Open questions and Challenges of the use of Ultrasound in the COVID-19 pandemic era. The views of a panel of worldwide international experts.", "journal": "Ultraschall Med", "authors": ["Piscaglia, Fabio", "Stefanini, Federico", "Cantisani, Vito", "Sidhu, Paul S", "Barr, Richard", "Berzigotti, Annalisa", "Chammas, Maria Cristina", "Correas, Jean-Michel", "Dietrich, Christoph Frank", "Feinstein, Steven", "Huang, Pintong", "Jenssen, Christian", "Kono, Yuko", "Kudo, Masatoshi", "Liang, Ping", "Lyshchik, Andrej", "Nolsoe, Christian", "Xie, Xyaoyan", "Tovoli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294795", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352480, "title": "Mental Health in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Emergency-The Italian Response.", "journal": "JAMA Psychiatry", "authors": ["de Girolamo, Giovanni", "Cerveri, Giancarlo", "Clerici, Massimo", "Monzani, Emiliano", "Spinogatti, Franco", "Starace, Fabrizio", "Tura, Giambattista", "Vita, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352480", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article briefly reports the experience of mental health services and the lessons learned during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. In particular, this report offers opportunities to build on experience gained in managing the COVID-19 emergency in the Departments of Mental Health and Addiction (DMHAs) in Lombardy, the wealthiest Italian region, which has approximately 10 million inhabitants. Italy has a National Mental Health System divided into 134 DMHAs, 27 of which are in Lombardy. In the 4 weeks after the epidemic started, important changes occurred in the management of DMHAs in Lombardy. Many challenges have occurred in the management of health services. In many hospitals, entire wards, including some psychiatric wards, have been reorganized to admit patients with COVID-19, and many physicians and nurses have been diverted to wards managing patients with COVID-19. Most day facilities for patients with psychiatric needs have been temporarily closed, whereas in residential facilities, patients who usually are free to come and go during the day have had to be confined in the facilities with very limited or no leave. These changes have produced considerable stresses on people with severe mental disorders. Many outpatient clinics have limited appointments to those with the most urgent cases, and home visits, a common practice in most DMHAs, have been drastically reduced with potentially detrimental consequences for patients' well-being. Another potential detrimental consequence of being forced to stay at home has been an increase in the hours spent face to face with families with high amounts of conflict. Departments of Mental Health need to be equipped with appropriate e-health technologies and procedures to cope with situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, interventions are needed to mitigate the potentially harmful consequences of quarantine. Departments of Mental Health should be able to assume a leadership position in the psychosocial management of disasterlike situations, and this requires the acquisition of new skills, notably how to correctly inform the population about risk, train and disseminate effective preventive and management procedures for disasters, support health personnel and rescuers, and support those experiencing bereavement."}, {"pmid": 32507536, "title": "Covid-19 mortality in cancer patients in a Madrid hospital during the first 3 weeks of the epidemic.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Lara Alvarez, Miguel Angel", "Rogado Revuelta, Jacobo", "Obispo Portero, Berta", "Pangua Mendez, Cristina", "Serrano Montero, Gloria", "Lopez Alfonso, Ana"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507536", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The covid-19 pandemic especially affects cancer patients with higher incidence and mortality according to published series of original pandemic foci. The study aims to determine the mortality in our center due to covid-19 in cancer patients during the first 3 weeks of the epidemic. The cancer patients who died of covid-19 during the analysis period have been reviewed describing the oncological and the covid-19 infection characteristics and the treatments established. Confirmed cases covid-19: 1069 with 132 deaths (12.3%). With cancer 36 patients (3.4%), 15 deceased (41.6%). Of the deceased, only 6 patients (40%) were in active treatment. The most frequent associated tumor was lung (8/15 patients, 53.3%), 11 with metastatic disease (11/15, 73.3%). No specific treatment was\u00a0established in 40% (6/15) of the patients. The\u00a0rest of them received treatments with the active protocols. Covid-19 mortality in cancer patients is almost four times higher than that of the general population. Until we have effective treatments or an effective vaccine, the only possibility to protect our patients is to prevent the infection with the appropriate measures."}, {"pmid": 32391856, "title": "Errors in Units of Measure and Reference Value for Laboratory Tests and Numbers of Patients in Study of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Song, Yuanlin", "Zheng, Junhua"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391856", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311499, "pmcid": "PMC7162784", "title": "Rapid Detection of Asymptomatic Coronavirus Disease 2019 by Computed Tomography Image Guidance for Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["McGinnis, Gwendolyn J", "Ning, Matthew S", "Nitsch, Paige L", "O'Reilly, Michael S", "McAleer, Mary Frances", "Koong, Albert C", "Chang, Joe Y"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311499", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412320, "title": "Extremely High Incidence of Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis in 48 Patients with Severe COVID-19 in Wuhan.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Ren, Bin", "Yan, Feifei", "Deng, Zhouming", "Zhang, Sheng", "Xiao, Lingfei", "Wu, Meng", "Cai, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412320", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385132, "pmcid": "PMC7211095", "title": "Consensus for prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for neurologists.", "journal": "Stroke Vasc Neurol", "authors": ["Jin, Huijuan", "Hong, Candong", "Chen, Shengcai", "Zhou, Yifan", "Wang, Yong", "Mao, Ling", "Li, Yanan", "He, Quanwei", "Li, Man", "Su, Ying", "Wang, David", "Wang, Longde", "Hu, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385132", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic disease globally. Although COVID-19 directly invades lungs, it also involves the nervous system. Therefore, patients with nervous system involvement as the presenting symptoms in the early stage of infection may easily be misdiagnosed and their treatment delayed. They become silent contagious sources or 'virus spreaders'. In order to help neurologists to better understand the occurrence, development and prognosis, we have developed this consensus of prevention and management of COVID-19. It can also assist other healthcare providers to be familiar with and recognise COVID-19 in their evaluation of patients in the clinic and hospital environment."}, {"pmid": 32412303, "title": "Is the kidney a target of SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Am J Physiol Renal Physiol", "authors": ["Martinez-Rojas, Miguel Angel", "Vega-Vega, Olynka", "Bobadilla, Norma A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412303", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new disease produced by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) represents a major pandemic event nowadays. Since its origin in China in December 2019, there is compelling evidence that novel SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible virus, and it is associated to a broad clinical spectrum going from subclinical presentation to severe respiratory distress and multiorgan failure. Like other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 recognizes human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as a cellular receptor that allows it to infect different host cells and likely disrupts renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system homeostasis. Particularly, a considerable incidence of many renal abnormalities associated to COVID-19 has been reported, including proteinuria, hematuria, and acute kidney injury. Moreover, it has been recently demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 can infect podocytes and tubular epithelial cells, which could contribute to the development of the aforementioned renal abnormalities. In this review, we discuss the biological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, how understanding current knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 infection may partly explain the involvement of the kidneys in the pathophysiology of COVID-19, and what questions have arisen and remain to be explored."}, {"pmid": 32397499, "title": "Special Care Dentistry and COVID-19 Outbreak: What Lesson Should We Learn?", "journal": "Dent J (Basel)", "authors": ["Dziedzic, Arkadiusz"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397499", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the declaration of pandemic by the World Health Organization have made an enormous impact on medical and dental care across the world. The current COVID-19 situation may teach dental teams a better approach and optimal ways concerning the management of patients with special needs, by bringing people together to discuss and optimize standards of care, as often happens in challenging situations. We can always learn new things that turn out to be valuable and useful even in exceptionally difficult times, and in addition, dental services can benefit from enabling positive attitudes and introducing constructive changes. Clinicians just need to keep in mind that adjustment to a new future reality appears inevitable for both patients and professionals who provide care."}, {"pmid": 32496255, "title": "Development and Initial Validation of the COVID-19 Anxiety Scale.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Chandu, Viswa Chaitanya", "Pachava, Srinivas", "Vadapalli, Viswanath", "Marella, Yamuna"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496255", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Safeguarding the psychological well-being of the public is also an integral component of fighting COVID-19. However, there is limited availability of psychometric measures to document COVID-19-related anxiety among the general public. This study was aimed at developing a validated scale to measure COVID-19-related anxiety. Three hundred and seven subjects from different gender, educational categories participated in the study. Exploratory factor analysis for the determination of factor structure, Pearson's correlation test, and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA were employed in data analysis using SPSS version 20 software. COVID-19 Anxiety Scale (CAS) demonstrated a two-component structure identified as: \"fear of social interaction;\" \"illness anxiety.\" The final scale with seven items demonstrated good internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's Alpha 0.736). CAS exhibited good construct validity showing moderately negative correlation (Pearson's r = -0.417) with the self-rated mental health and resulted in higher scores among individuals with lower educational qualification (Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA \u03c72 [2, 303] = 38.01; P = 0.001). CAS is a rapidly administrable, valid, and reliable tool that can be used to measure COVID-19-related anxiety among the Indian population."}, {"pmid": 32290348, "title": "COVID-19: A Brief Overview of the Discovery Clinical Trial.", "journal": "Pharmaceuticals (Basel)", "authors": ["Vanden Eynde, Jean Jacques"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290348", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 is leading to a tremendous search for curative treatments. The urgency of the situation favors a repurposing of active drugs but not only antivirals. This short communication focuses on four treatments recommended by WHO and included in the first clinical trial of the European Discovery project."}, {"pmid": 32275256, "title": "Vademecum for the treatment of people with COVID-19. Edition 2.0, 13 March 2020.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Lombardy Section Italian Society Infectious And Tropical Diseases, -"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275256", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of COVID-19 epidemic in Italy, and particularly in Lombardy determined the need to standardize the therapeutic approach in order to offer the same indications for all hospitals in Lombardy. However, no specific drug has been previously approved for the COVID-19 treatment. The Lombardy Section of the Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases provided this \u00abvademecum\u00bb with the aim to explore the current evidence about the drugs likely to be efficacious in the treatment of COVID-19. Moreover, a multidisciplinary group including critical care specialists has been created in order to provide indications about supporting measures and the use of steroids. A new grading scale has been proposed to help patients' stratification according to the severity of the respiratory conditions. Lastly, a collaborating group with immunologists and rheumatologists has been built with the aim of providing some guidance about the use of tocilizumab, a promising option for the treatment of the hyperinflammatory state occurring in most patients affected by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32065055, "pmcid": "PMC7048180", "title": "Potent binding of 2019 novel coronavirus spike protein by a SARS coronavirus-specific human monoclonal antibody.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Tian, Xiaolong", "Li, Cheng", "Huang, Ailing", "Xia, Shuai", "Lu, Sicong", "Shi, Zhengli", "Lu, Lu", "Jiang, Shibo", "Yang, Zhenlin", "Wu, Yanling", "Ying, Tianlei"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32065055", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The newly identified 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has caused more than 11,900 laboratory-confirmed human infections, including 259 deaths, posing a serious threat to human health. Currently, however, there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine. Considering the relatively high identity of receptor-binding domain (RBD) in 2019-nCoV and SARS-CoV, it is urgent to assess the cross-reactivity of anti-SARS CoV antibodies with 2019-nCoV spike protein, which could have important implications for rapid development of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies against 2019-nCoV. Here, we report for the first time that a SARS-CoV-specific human monoclonal antibody, CR3022, could bind potently with 2019-nCoV RBD (KD of 6.3 nM). The epitope of CR3022 does not overlap with the ACE2 binding site within 2019-nCoV RBD. These results suggest that CR3022 may have the potential to be developed as candidate therapeutics, alone or in combination with other neutralizing antibodies, for the prevention and treatment of 2019-nCoV infections. Interestingly, some of the most potent SARS-CoV-specific neutralizing antibodies (e.g. m396, CR3014) that target the ACE2 binding site of SARS-CoV failed to bind 2019-nCoV spike protein, implying that the difference in the RBD of SARS-CoV and 2019-nCoV has a critical impact for the cross-reactivity of neutralizing antibodies, and that it is still necessary to develop novel monoclonal antibodies that could bind specifically to 2019-nCoV RBD."}, {"pmid": 32512569, "title": "COVID-19 Attacks the Kidney: Ultrastructural Evidence for the Presence of Virus in the Glomerular Epithelium.", "journal": "Nephron", "authors": ["Abbate, Mauro", "Rottoli, Daniela", "Gianatti, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512569", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498946, "pmcid": "PMC7237362", "title": "COVID 19: Surgery & the question of race.", "journal": "Am J Surg", "authors": ["Collier, Karole T", "Rothstein, David H"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498946", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505834, "title": "Would ACEIs/ARBs be beneficial for COVID-19 patients without hypertension?", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Huang, Ying", "Xie, Changming", "Chen, Xiaoke", "Hong, Qianhui", "Huang, Hui"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505834", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503874, "title": "Efficacy of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.", "journal": "BMJ Open", "authors": ["Gebrie, Desye", "Getnet, Desalegn", "Manyazewal, Tsegahun"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503874", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite global containment measures to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the pandemic continued to rise, rapidly spread across the world, and resulting in 2.6\u2009million confirmed cases and 185 061 deaths worldwide as of 23 April 2020. Yet, there are no approved vaccines or drugs to make the disease less deadly, while efforts are underway. Remdesivir, a nucleotide-analogue antiviral drug developed for Ebola, is determined to prevent and stop infections with COVID-19, while results are yet controversial. Here, we aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the efficacy of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19. We will search MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov and Google scholar databases for articles published as of 30 June 2020 and we will complete the study on 30 August 2020. We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 guidelines for the design and reporting of the results. We will include RCTs that assessed the efficacy of remdesivir versus placebo or standard of care. The primary endpoint will be time to clinical recovery. The secondary endpoints will be proportion of participants relieved from clinical symptoms defined at the time (in hours) from initiation of the study treatment, all-cause mortality, discharged date, frequency of respiratory progression and treatment-emergent adverse events. RevMan V.5.3 software will be used for statistical analysis. Random effects model will be carried out to calculate mean differences for continuous outcome data and risk ratio for dichotomous outcome data between remdesivir and placebo or standard of care. There are no ethical considerations associated with this study as we will use publicly available data from previously published studies. We plan to publish results in open-access peer-reviewed journals and present at international and national conferences. CRD42020177953."}, {"pmid": 32418245, "title": "New Guidance on Managing Inpatient Hyperglycaemia during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Diabet Med", "authors": ["Rayman, G", "Lumb, A", "Kennon, B", "Cottrell, C", "Nagi, D", "Page, E", "Voigt, D", "Courtney, H", "Atkins, H", "Platts, J", "Higgins, K", "Dhatariya, K", "Patel, M", "Narendran, P", "Kar, P", "Newland-Jones, P", "Stewart, R", "Burr, O", "Thomas, S"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418245", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525056, "title": "Development of a Device to Reduce Oropharyngeal Aerosol Transmission.", "journal": "J Endod", "authors": ["Russell, Cameron"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525056", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world-wide COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted dental practice. Issues confronting practicing dentists include possible transmission of disease by droplets/ aerosol or contact with contaminated surfaces. Dentists are at increased risk due to their proximity to the oropharynx. In an effort to reduce potential exposure to aerosols generated during treatment, a device has been developed in which a polycarbonate shield is mounted to the dental operating microscope with an attached high velocity vacuum hose. Anemometer measurements demonstrate an exhaust outflow of 3.9 ft/min at a position approximating the patient's oropharynx. More research may be warranted using this or similar approaches to mitigate aerosol transmission."}, {"pmid": 32459169, "title": "[COVID-19 and The Invisible Damage: The Role of The Family Physician].", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Gouveia, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459169", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403172, "pmcid": "PMC7273033", "title": "The psychophysical impact that COVID-19 has on children must not be underestimated.", "journal": "Acta Paediatr", "authors": ["Pecoraro, Luca", "Dalle Carbonare, Luca", "De Franceschi, Lucia", "Piacentini, Giorgio", "Pietrobelli, Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403172", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362392, "pmcid": "PMC7102567", "title": "Epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of heart transplant recipients during the 2019 coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China: A descriptive survey report.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Ren, Zong-Li", "Hu, Rui", "Wang, Zhi-Wei", "Zhang, Min", "Ruan, Yong-Le", "Wu, Zhi-Yong", "Wu, Hong-Bing", "Hu, Xiao-Ping", "Hu, Zhi-Peng", "Ren, Wei", "Li, Luo-Cheng", "Dai, Fei-Feng", "Liu, Huan", "Cai, Xin"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362392", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of heart transplant (HTx) recipients during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic remains unclear. We studied the characteristics of HTx recipients from December 20, 2019, to February 25, 2020, in an effort to understand their risk and outcomes. All accessible HTx recipients were included in this single-center retrospective study. We collected information on the recipients using a web-based questionnaire as well as the hospital database. We followed 87 HTx recipients (72.4% were men, and the average age was 51 years). A total of 79 recipients resided in Hubei, and 57 recipients had a Wuhan-related history of travel or contact. Most took precautionary measures while in contact with suspicious crowds, and 96.6% of the families and communities undertook prevention and quarantine procedures. Four upper airway infections were reported, and 3 of them tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 (the fourth recovered and was not tested). All cases were mild and successfully recovered after proper treatment. Laboratory results of 47 HTx cases within the last 2 months were extracted. Of these, 21.3% of recipients had pre-existing lymphopenia, and 87.2% of recipients had a therapeutic concentration of tacrolimus (5-12 ng/ml). Liver and kidney insufficiency was seen in 5 and 6 recipients, respectively. HTx recipients who practiced appropriate prevention measures had a low rate of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and transition to the associated disease COVID-19. These early data will require confirmation as the pandemic establishes around the world."}, {"pmid": 32496528, "title": "Thinking of Risk in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Bauchner, Howard", "Fontanarosa, Phil"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496528", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425315, "pmcid": "PMC7227588", "title": "Are we equal in adversity? Does Covid-19 affect women and men differently?", "journal": "Maturitas", "authors": ["Serge, Rozenberg", "Vandromme, Jean", "Charlotte, Martin"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425315", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article examines whether women are less prone than men to Covid-19 infections and their complications. We reviewed available databases and searched systematically for publications. To be taken into account, data had to be broken down by gender. There was no study evaluation nor quantification synthesis, due to the large heterogeneity of the studies. Nineteen databases were selected. 73 publications were considered and 33 were selected, to which 12 more were added. Globally, the proportion of men and women who tested positive is comparable. However, men are about 60% more likely to be severely ill or to die from the complications of Covid-19 than are women. The study was hampered by a large heterogeneity in testing and reporting of the data. Although in the pandemic men die more frequently than women from Covid-19, it is not clear whether this is due to biological differences between men and women, differences in behavioral habits, or differences in the rates of co-morbidities. Countries and studies should report their data by age, gender and co-morbidities. This may have implications in terms of vaccination strategies, the choice of treatments and future consequences for long-term health issues concerning gender equality."}, {"pmid": 32395765, "pmcid": "PMC7239208", "title": "A case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with COVID 19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging", "authors": ["Nguyen, Damien", "Nguyen, Thomas", "De Bels, David", "Castro Rodriguez, Jose"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395765", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341531, "pmcid": "PMC7184546", "title": "Could BCG be used to protect against COVID-19?", "journal": "Nat Rev Urol", "authors": ["Redelman-Sidi, Gil"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341531", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32105638, "pmcid": "PMC7128099", "title": "Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Pan, Yang", "Zhang, Daitao", "Yang, Peng", "Poon, Leo L M", "Wang, Quanyi"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105638", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447505, "pmcid": "PMC7244938", "title": "Pediatric COVID-19-associated rhabdomyolysis: a case report.", "journal": "Pediatr Nephrol", "authors": ["Gefen, Ashley M", "Palumbo, Nancy", "Nathan, Suresh K", "Singer, Pamela S", "Castellanos-Reyes, Laura J", "Sethna, Christine B"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447505", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is the illness caused by infection with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Although myalgia is common in adults, it has not been noted as a common symptom in children. There have been a few reported cases of COVID-19-associated rhabdomyolysis in adults. This case report describes a 16-year-old boy who presented with fever, myalgias, mild shortness of breath with exertion, and dark-colored urine. COVID-19 PCR was positive. His initial creatinine kinase (CK) level was 427,656\u00a0U/L. Serum creatinine was normal for age. He was treated with isotonic intravenous fluids containing sodium bicarbonate to maintain urine output of 100-200\u00a0mL/h and urine pH >\u20097.0. His serum creatinine remained normal throughout the hospital stay and he was discharged on hospital day 12 with a CK of 6526\u00a0U/L. To our knowledge, no pediatric cases of COVID-19-associated rhabdomyolysis have been previously reported. Adult cases of rhabdomyolysis have been reported and a few reports have noted patients with elevated CK levels without rhabdomyolysis. Given this pediatric case of COVID-19-associated rhabdomyolysis, pediatric clinicians should be aware of this complication and manage fluids appropriately in order to prevent acute kidney injury."}, {"pmid": 32403261, "title": "Hand Sanitizers: A Review on Formulation Aspects, Adverse Effects, and Regulations.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Jing, Jane Lee Jia", "Pei Yi, Thong", "Bose, Rajendran J C", "McCarthy, Jason R", "Tharmalingam, Nagendran", "Madheswaran, Thiagarajan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403261", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hand hygiene is of utmost importance as it may be contaminated easily from direct contact with airborne microorganism droplets from coughs and sneezes. Particularly in situations like pandemic outbreak, it is crucial to interrupt the transmission chain of the virus by the practice of proper hand sanitization. It can be achieved with contact isolation and strict infection control tool like maintaining good hand hygiene in hospital settings and in public. The success of the hand sanitization solely depends on the use of effective hand disinfecting agents formulated in various types and forms such as antimicrobial soaps, water-based or alcohol-based hand sanitizer, with the latter being widely used in hospital settings. To date, most of the effective hand sanitizer products are alcohol-based formulations containing 62%-95% of alcohol as it can denature the proteins of microbes and the ability to inactivate viruses. This systematic review correlated with the data available in Pubmed, and it will investigate the range of available hand sanitizers and their effectiveness as well as the formulation aspects, adverse effects, and recommendations to enhance the formulation efficiency and safety. Further, this article highlights the efficacy of alcohol-based hand sanitizer against the coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32531427, "title": "Delirium as a presenting feature in COVID-19: neuroinvasive infection or autoimmune encephalopathy?", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Hosseini, Akram A", "Shetty, Ashit K", "Sprigg, Nikola", "Auer, Dorothee P", "Constantinescu, Cris S"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531427", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32269023, "title": "Covid-19: Africa records over 10 000 cases as lockdowns take hold.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269023", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470350, "pmcid": "PMC7250097", "title": "Commentary: Myths and facts on vitamin D amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Chakhtoura, M", "Napoli, N", "El Hajj Fuleihan, G"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470350", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303509, "title": "Harnessing CAR T-cell Insights to Develop Treatments for Hyperinflammatory Responses in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "authors": ["Agarwal, Sangya", "June, Carl H"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303509", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cytokine release and macrophage activation contribute to immunopathology after SARS-CoV-2 infection. We discuss approaches to decrease the morbidity and mortality in patients with COVID-19 by repurposing existing drugs previously developed for cancer therapy."}, {"pmid": 32363145, "pmcid": "PMC7195299", "title": "An algorithm for managing QT prolongation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients treated with either chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine in conjunction with azithromycin: Possible benefits of intravenous lidocaine.", "journal": "HeartRhythm Case Rep", "authors": ["Mitra, Raman L", "Greenstein, Steven A", "Epstein, Laurence M"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363145", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298732, "pmcid": "PMC7153520", "title": "PCCM at the Battlefront Against COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Wu, Sinan", "Qiao, Renli", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298732", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333546, "pmcid": "PMC7253115", "title": "Challenges and Opportunities for Lung Ultrasound in Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Schultz, Marcus J", "Sivakorn, Chaisith", "Dondorp, Arjen M"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333546", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401680, "title": "Prehospital Triage of Acute Stroke Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Stroke", "authors": ["Goyal, Mayank", "Ospel, Johanna M", "Southerland, Andrew M", "Wira, Charles", "Amin-Hanjani, Sepideh", "Fraser, Justin F", "Panagos, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401680", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has broad implications on stroke patient triage. Emergency medical services providers have to ensure timely transfer of patients while minimizing the risk of infectious exposure for themselves, their co-workers, and other patients. This statement paper provides a conceptual framework for acute stroke patient triage and transfer during the COVID-19 pandemic and similar healthcare emergencies in the future."}, {"pmid": 32425272, "pmcid": "PMC7229908", "title": "Early manifestation of ARDS in COVID-19 infection in a 51- year-old man affected by Mounier-Kuhn Syndrome.", "journal": "Heart Lung", "authors": ["Jafari, Ramezan", "Cegolon, Luca", "Dehghanpoor, Fatemeh", "Javanbakht, Mohammad", "Izadi, Morteza", "Saadat, Seyed Hassan", "Otoukesh, Babak", "Einollahi, Behzad"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425272", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present the first patient of a 51-year-old man with fever, dyspnea and deterioration of his chronic coughs, who was referred to the Mounier-Kuhn syndrome (MKS). Chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed increased diameter of his trachea (39 mm), right (30 mm) and left (26 mm) main bronchi, because of MKS. Then, COIVD-19 infection was eventually confirmed by RT-PCR. To our knowledge, COIVD-19 has not been reported in patients with the MKS."}, {"pmid": 32363386, "pmcid": "PMC7239173", "title": "Smoking Cessation During the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Nicotine Tob Res", "authors": ["Eisenberg, Sarah-Leah", "Eisenberg, Mark J"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363386", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340758, "pmcid": "PMC7164853", "title": "[COVID-19: The day after].", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Baudouin, C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340758", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324273, "pmcid": "PMC7264676", "title": "Meeting the challenge of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease in patients with cancer.", "journal": "Cancer", "authors": ["Spiess, Philippe E", "Greene, John", "Keenan, Robert J", "Paculdo, David", "Letson, G Douglas", "Peabody, John W"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324273", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345140, "title": "Stilbene-based natural compounds as promising drug candidates against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Wahedi, Hussain Mustatab", "Ahmad, Sajjad", "Abbasi, Sumra Wajid"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345140", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents a great threat to public health. Currently, no potent medicine is available to treat COVID-19. Quest for new drugs especially from natural plant sources is an area of immense potential. The current study aimed to repurpose stilbenoid analogs, reported for some other biological activities, against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and human ACE2 receptor complex for their affinity and stability using molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy analysis based on molecular docking. Four compounds in total were probed for their binding affinity using molecular docking. All of the compounds showed good affinity (> -7\u2009kcal/mol). However, fifty nanoseconds molecular dynamic simulation in aqueous solution revealed highly stable bound conformation of resveratrol to the viral protein: ACE2 receptor complex. Net free energy of binding using MM-PBSA also affirmed the stability of the resveratrol-protein complex. Based on the results, we report that stilbene based compounds in general and resveratrol, in particular, can be promising anti-COVID-19 drug candidates acting through disruption of the spike protein. Our findings in this study are promising and call for further in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo testing of stiblenoids, especially resveratrol against the COVID-19. [Formula: see text] Communicated by Ramaswamy H. SarmaHighlightsStilbenoid analogs could be potential disruptors of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and human ACE2 receptor complex.In particular, resveratrol revealed highly stable conformation to the viral protein: ACE2 receptor complex.The strong interaction of resveratrol is affirmed by molecular dynamic simulation studies and better net free energies."}, {"pmid": 32308156, "title": "Abortion in the context of COVID-19: a human rights imperative.", "journal": "Sex Reprod Health Matters", "authors": ["Todd-Gher, Jaime", "Shah, Payal K"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308156", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416412, "pmcid": "PMC7199685", "title": "Free DNA, a reason for severe COVID-19 infection?", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Liu, Bin"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416412", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The fast-growing outbreak of 2019 novel coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2) reached all continents except the Antarctica in merely three months. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) has a bad clinical outcome, and some reports emphasized the role of cytokine storm and dysfunctions of multiple organs. However, the etiology of severe COVID-19 has been largely unknown. Similar as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 is also thought derived from bat coronaviruses. However, it is not pathogenic for bat at all, because free DNA in cytoplasm or blood cannot bring up violent immune response in bat; but it can produce severe inflammations in human. I hypothesized that the damage induced by free DNA is a reason for severe COVID-19, which can explain many symptoms of this disease, such as cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and muscus plug, acute injuries of heart, liver and kidney, and some special symptoms of COVID-19. My hypothesis will be helpful for better understand the etiology of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32362051, "pmcid": "PMC7267636", "title": "Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome to hydroxychloroquine, an old drug in the spotlight in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Grandolfo, Mauro", "Romita, Paolo", "Bonamonte, Domenico", "Cazzato, Gerardo", "Hansel, Katharina", "Stingeni, Luca", "Conforti, Claudio", "Giuffrida, Roberta", "Foti, Caterina"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362051", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504965, "pmcid": "PMC7245265", "title": "Management of maternal resuscitation and category 1 cesarean delivery in a Covid-19 suspect parturient.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Oh, Ting Ting", "Lew, Eileen", "Sng, Ban Leong"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504965", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436748, "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 infection in dentistry.", "journal": "Exp Biol Med (Maywood)", "authors": ["Passarelli, Pier Carmine", "Rella, Edoardo", "Manicone, Paolo Francesco", "Garcia-Godoy, Franklin", "D'Addona, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436748", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Dentists have always been taught how to protect themselves and their patients from potential blood-borne pathogens, but the Coronavirus pandemic has brought a new unprecedented challenge to the world of dentistry; we therefore reviewed the literature to provide suggestions on how to accordingly change dental practice prevention."}, {"pmid": 32251512, "pmcid": "PMC7146593", "title": "COVID-19: Peer Support and Crisis Communication Strategies to Promote Institutional Resilience.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Wu, Albert W", "Connors, Cheryl", "Everly, George S Jr"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251512", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353870, "title": "The many faces of the anti-COVID immune response.", "journal": "J Exp Med", "authors": ["Vardhana, Santosha A", "Wolchok, Jedd D"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353870", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel 2019 strain of coronavirus is a source of profound morbidity and mortality worldwide. Compared with recent viral outbreaks, COVID-19 infection has a relatively high mortality rate, the reasons for which are not entirely clear. Furthermore, treatment options for COVID-19 infection are currently limited. In this Perspective, we explore the contributions of the innate and adaptive immune systems to both viral control as well as toxicity during COVID-19 infections and offer suggestions to both understand and therapeutically modulate anti-COVID immunity."}, {"pmid": 32437938, "pmcid": "PMC7211664", "title": "Mitigating lockdown challenges in response to COVID-19 in Sub-Saharan Africa.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Mboera, Leonard E G", "Akipede, George O", "Banerjee, Amitava", "Cuevas, Luis E", "Czypionka, Thomas", "Khan, Mishal", "Kock, Richard", "McCoy, David", "Mmbaga, Blandina T", "Misinzo, Gerald", "Shayo, Elizabeth H", "Sheel, Meru", "Sindato, Calvin", "Urassa, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437938", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473756, "pmcid": "PMC7242930", "title": "Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Soh, Mitsuhito", "Hifumi, Toru", "Isokawa, Shutaro", "Shimizu, Masato", "Otani, Norio", "Ishimatsu, Shinichi"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473756", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the first two cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) who were receiving intensive care including favipiravir, and were clinically diagnosed with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) to focus attention on NMS in COVID-19 management. Case 1: A 46-year-old-man with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by COVID-19 infection was being administered favipiravir. Fentanyl, propofol, and rocuronium were also given. On day 3, midazolam administration was initiated for deep sedation. On day 5, his high body temperature increased to 41.2\u202f\u00b0C, creatine kinase level elevated, and he developed tachycardia, tachypnea, altered consciousness, and diaphoresis. NMS was suspected, and supportive therapy was initiated. High-grade fever persisted for 4\u202fdays and subsided on day 9. Case 2: A 44-year-old-man with ARDS caused by COVID-19 infection was being treated with favipiravir. On day 5, risperidone was started for delirium. On day 7, his body temperature suddenly increased to 40.8\u202f\u00b0C, his CK level elevated, and he developed tachycardia, tachypnea, altered consciousness, and diaphoresis. NMS diagnosis was confirmed, and both, favipiravir and risperidone were discontinued on day 8. On the same day, his CK levels decreased, and his body temperature normalized on day 9. Patients with COVID-19 infection frequently require deep sedation and develop delirium; therefore, more attention should be paid to the development of NMS in patients who are being administered such causative agents. The mechanism underlying the occurrence of NMS in COVID-19 patients treated with favipiravir remains unknown. Therefore, careful consideration of NMS development is necessary in the management of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32514223, "pmcid": "PMC7267225", "title": "Covid-19: biotechnologists make their contribution.", "journal": "J Chem Technol Biotechnol", "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514223", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407230, "title": "Safeguarding children with long-term conditions from COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Glasper, Alan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407230", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses strategies to protect children with long-term health conditions from acquiring the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus."}, {"pmid": 32516084, "title": "The Role of Psychotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Am J Psychother", "authors": ["Swartz, Holly A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337139, "pmcid": "PMC7182165", "title": "Searching an Effective Therapy for the Coronavirus Pandemic: Do We See Light at the End of the Tunnel?", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Sharma, Munish", "Surani, Salim"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337139", "countries": ["China", "France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). First reported at the end of December 2019 as a cause for clusters of pneumonia cases in\u00a0Wuhan city in China, the rapid spread of this condition was declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020, by the World Health Organization (WHO). Apart from the mortality and morbidity associated with COVID-19, the massive social and financial havoc inflicted by this pandemic has left the entire world pondering if\u00a0medical science can innovate and curtail the ongoing damage due to SARS-CoV-2. Recent findings of an open-label study that investigated the use of hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin in COVID-19 patients in Marseille, France, has garnered some optimism in scientific quarters and the general public alike in terms of finding a treatment regimen to control the rampant rise of COVID-19. We will discuss the potential off-label therapy and studies as it pertains to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32438782, "title": "Return to play after the COVID-19 pandemic: a commentary by the Editor in Chief.", "journal": "J Sports Med Phys Fitness", "authors": ["Pelliccia, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438782", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425486, "pmcid": "PMC7229952", "title": "[Nursing care for controlling coronavirus infections in positive cases: a narrative review.]", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Brito-Brito, Pedro Ruyman", "Martinez-Alberto, Carlos Enrique", "Cuellar-Pompa, Leticia"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425486", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This review aims to map scientific evidence in nursing care aimed at controlling coronavirus infections. A bibliographic search was conducted in the Medline, CINAHL, Scopus and WOS main databases, with no date limit and using the keywords \"transmission\", \"infection\", \"contagious\", \"spreads\", \"coronavirinae\", \"coronavirus\", \"COVID 19\", \"sars cov 2\", \"nurses\" and \"nursing\". Initially, 154 studies were identified and, after selecting them according to eligibility criteria, 16 were included. Among the main recommendations according to the available evidence are air exchange in rooms as a measure to reduce the risk of infection among patients; reinforcement of measures in intensive care units; follow-up of positive case contacts; and adequate training of professionals. The studies included in the review addressed infection prevention and control practices by analyzing risks associated with exposure and listing actions to avoid complications in critically ill patients. Patterns of case transmission, contacts and associated factors were identified. Professional knowledge and attitudes were also studied, showing the importance of good infection control training, and of sufficient equipment and adequate infrastructure.Nurses are important vectors of spread. Although there is little evidence available on the effectiveness of care to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2, published studies on the prevention and control of previous outbreaks of coronavirus are of considerable value."}, {"pmid": 32147378, "pmcid": "PMC7127327", "title": "COVID-19 and Blood Safety: Help with a Dilemma.", "journal": "Transfus Med Rev", "authors": ["Dodd, Roger Y", "Stramer, Susan L"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32147378", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511744, "title": "Approaching COVID-19 - bedside strategies for intensive care.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Gustavo, Betonico", "Lima, Emerson", "Tome, Ana"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511744", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) urged a never-seen coordinated global response to prepare the health system, including primary care, hospital facilities and intensive care units (ICUs). Lessons have been learned from countries who suffered the pandemic at the beginning, helping the ones which are on different phases of the spreading curve. Currently, optimizing intensive care resources is mandatory as admittance to the ICUs remains rising exponentially. While public and private health system struggle for changing the slope of the curve, intensivists prepare the facilities for a tsunami of respiratory failure patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32501454, "pmcid": "PMC7252085", "title": "Interleukin-1 blockade with high-dose anakinra in patients with COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperinflammation: a retrospective cohort study.", "journal": "Lancet Rheumatol", "authors": ["Cavalli, Giulio", "De Luca, Giacomo", "Campochiaro, Corrado", "Della-Torre, Emanuel", "Ripa, Marco", "Canetti, Diana", "Oltolini, Chiara", "Castiglioni, Barbara", "Tassan Din, Chiara", "Boffini, Nicola", "Tomelleri, Alessandro", "Farina, Nicola", "Ruggeri, Annalisa", "Rovere-Querini, Patrizia", "Di Lucca, Giuseppe", "Martinenghi, Sabina", "Scotti, Raffaella", "Tresoldi, Moreno", "Ciceri, Fabio", "Landoni, Giovanni", "Zangrillo, Alberto", "Scarpellini, Paolo", "Dagna, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501454", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mortality of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and systemic inflammation is high. In areas of pandemic outbreak, the number of patients can exceed maximum capacity of intensive care units (ICUs), and, thus, these individuals often receive non-invasive ventilation outside of the ICU. Effective treatments for this population are needed urgently. Anakinra is a recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist that might be beneficial in this patient population. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at the San Raffaele Hospital in Milan, Italy. We included consecutive patients (aged \u226518 years) with COVID-19, moderate-to-severe ARDS, and hyperinflammation (defined as serum C-reactive protein \u2265100 mg/L, ferritin \u2265900 ng/mL, or both) who were managed with non-invasive ventilation outside of the ICU and who received standard treatment of 200 mg hydroxychloroquine twice a day orally and 400 mg lopinavir with 100 mg ritonavir twice a day orally. We compared survival, mechanical ventilation-free survival, changes in C-reactive protein, respiratory function, and clinical status in a cohort of patients who received additional treatment with anakinra (either 5 mg/kg twice a day intravenously [high dose] or 100 mg twice a day subcutaneously [low dose]) with a retrospective cohort of patients who did not receive anakinra (referred to as the standard treatment group). All outcomes were assessed at 21 days. This study is part of the COVID-19 Biobank study, which is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04318366. Between March 17 and March 27, 2020, 29 patients received high-dose intravenous anakinra, non-invasive ventilation, and standard treatment. Between March 10 and March 17, 2020, 16 patients received non-invasive ventilation and standard treatment only and comprised the comparison group for this study. A further seven patients received low-dose subcutaneous anakinra in addition to non-invasive ventilation and standard treatment; however, anakinra treatment was interrupted after 7 days because of a paucity of effects on serum C-reactive protein and clinical status. At 21 days, treatment with high-dose anakinra was associated with reductions in serum C-reactive protein and progressive improvements in respiratory function in 21 (72%) of 29 patients; five (17%) patients were on mechanical ventilation and three (10%) died. In the standard treatment group, eight (50%) of 16 patients showed respiratory improvement at 21 days; one (6%) patient was on mechanical ventilation and seven (44%) died. At 21 days, survival was 90% in the high-dose anakinra group and 56% in the standard treatment group (p=0\u00b7009). Mechanical ventilation-free survival was 72% in the anakinra group versus 50% in the standard treatment group (p=0\u00b715). Bacteraemia occurred in four (14%) of 29 patients receiving high-dose anakinra and two (13%) of 16 patients receiving standard treatment. Discontinuation of anakinra was not followed by inflammatory relapses. In this retrospective cohort study of patients with COVID-19 and ARDS managed with non-invasive ventilation outside of the ICU, treatment with high-dose anakinra was safe and associated with clinical improvement in 72% of patients. Confirmation of efficacy will require controlled trials. None."}, {"pmid": 32292232, "pmcid": "PMC7126697", "title": "Healthcare impact of COVID-19 epidemic in India: A stochastic mathematical model.", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Chatterjee, Kaustuv", "Chatterjee, Kaushik", "Kumar, Arun", "Shankar, Subramanian"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292232", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In India, the SARS-CoV2 COVID-19 epidemic has grown to 1,251 cases and 32 deaths as on 30 Mar 2020. The healthcare impact of the epidemic in India was studied with a stochastic mathematical model. A compartmental SEIR model was developed, in which the flow of individuals through compartments is modeled using a set of differential equations. Different scenarios were modeled with 1000 runs of Monte Carlo simulation each using MATLAB. Hospitalization, ICU requirements and deaths were modeled on SimVoi software. The impact of Non-Pharmacological Interventions (NPI) including social distancing and lockdown on checking the epidemic was estimated. Uninterrupted epidemic in India would have resulted in over 364 million cases and 1.56 million deaths with peak by mid-July. As per the model, at growth rate of 1.15, India is likely to reach approximately 3 million cases by 25 May, implying 125,455 (\u00b118,034) hospitalizations, 26,130 (\u00b13,298) ICU admissions and 13,447 (\u00b11,819) deaths. This would overwhelm India's healthcare system. The model shows that with immediate institution of NPIs, the epidemic might still be checked by mid-April 2020. It would then result in 241,974 (\u00b133,735) total infections, 10,214 (\u00b11,649) hospitalizations, 2,121 (\u00b1334) ICU admissions and 1,081(\u00b1169) deaths. At current growth rate of epidemic, India's healthcare resources will be overwhelmed by end-May. With the immediate institution of NPIs, total cases, hospitalizations, ICU requirements and deaths can be reduced by almost 90%."}, {"pmid": 32390654, "pmcid": "PMC7205708", "title": "COVID-19 and careers: On the futility of generational explanations.", "journal": "J Vocat Behav", "authors": ["Rudolph, Cort W", "Zacher, Hannes"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390654", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is common to broadly group people of different ages into \"generations\" and to speak of distinctions between such groups in terms of \"generational differences.\" The problem with this practice, is that there exists no credible scientific evidence that (a) generations exist, (b) that people can be reliably classified into generational groups, and (c) that there are demonstrable differences between such groups. We have already noted an emerging generationalized rhetoric that has characterized how people of different ages have been affected by and reacted to the COVID-19 pandemic. These narratives have been especially present in discussions of how work and careers will be affected by this crisis. In this essay, we outline problems with applying the concept of generations, especially for researchers seeking explanations for how COVID-19 will affect careers and career development. We urge researchers to eschew the notion of generations and generational differences and consider alternative lifespan development theoretical frameworks that better capture age-graded processes."}, {"pmid": 32442404, "pmcid": "PMC7211590", "title": "Biomedical Research Goes Viral: Dangers and Opportunities.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Zeggini, Eleftheria", "Baumann, Michael", "Gotz, Magdalena", "Herzig, Stephan", "Hrabe de Angelis, Martin", "Tschop, Matthias H"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442404", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Researchers around the globe have been mounting, accelerating, and redeploying efforts across disciplines and organizations to tackle the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. However, humankind continues to be afflicted by numerous other devastating diseases in increasing numbers. Here, we outline considerations and opportunities toward striking a good balance between maintaining and redefining research priorities."}, {"pmid": 32525830, "title": "A vaccine is not too far for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect Dev Ctries", "authors": ["Patel, Shailesh Kumar", "Pathak, Mamta", "Tiwari, Ruchi", "Yatoo, Mohd Iqbal", "Malik, Yashpal Singh", "Sah, Ranjit", "Rabaan, Ali A", "Sharun, Khan", "Dhama, Kuldeep", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525830", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361326, "title": "Current studies of convalescent plasma therapy for COVID-19 may underestimate risk of antibody-dependent enhancement.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Fleming, Andrew B", "Raabe, Vanessa"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361326", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215590, "title": "Turbulent Gas Clouds and Respiratory Pathogen Emissions: Potential Implications for Reducing Transmission of COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Bourouiba, Lydia"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215590", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243612, "title": "WhatsApp messenger as a teledermatology tool during coronavirus disease (COVID-19): from bedside to phone-side.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Jakhar, D", "Kaul, S", "Kaur, I"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243612", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440661, "pmcid": "PMC7212072", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Infection in Newborns and Pediatrics: A Systematic Review.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Panahi, Latif", "Amiri, Marzieh", "Pouy, Somaye"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440661", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "World Health Organization has declared COVID-19 a pandemic and a global health emergency. Thus, it is necessary to clearly characterize clinical manifestations and management of COVID-19 infection in children to provide accurate information for healthcare workers. Accordingly, the present study was designed to review articles published on clinical manifestations and characteristics of children and infants with COVID-19. In this systematic review, medical databases including Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, SID, Medline, WHO and LitCovid were searched using English and Persian keywords including COVID-19, Pediatrics, Newborn, Coronavirus 2019, 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-2. Finally, data of 14 related articles were included in the study. A total of 2228 children, newborns and infants were studied. Clinical manifestation in children may be mild (72%), moderate (22%) or severe (6%), and the most common symptoms include dry cough (91%) and fever (96%). According to the included articles, two children had died, one of which was a 14-year-old boy and his exposure history and underlying disease were unclear, and the other was a male newborn with gestational age of 35 weeks and 5 days, birth weight of 2200, Apgar score of 8, 8 (1 min and 5 min) and his first symptom was increased heart rate. No differences were found between male and female children regarding infection with COVID-19. Most pediatrics were infected with COVID-19 due to family cluster or history of close contact. Infected children have relatively milder clinical symptoms compared to infected adults. We should pay special attention to early diagnosis and early treatment in children infected with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32387482, "pmcid": "PMC7204687", "title": "Living with COVID-19: A Perspective from New York Area Ophthalmology Residency Program Directors at the Epicenter of the Pandemic.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Chen, Royce W S", "Abazari, Azin", "Dhar, Sonya", "Fredrick, Douglas R", "Friedman, Ilana B", "Dagi Glass, Lora R", "Khouri, Albert S", "Kim, Eleanore T", "Laudi, John", "Park, Sunju", "Reddy, Harsha S", "Rosenberg, Jamie B", "Sandler, Shlomit F", "Shrivastava, Anurag", "Sun, Grace", "Winokur, Jules"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387482", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396759, "title": "A review of methanol poisoning: a crisis beyond ocular toxicology.", "journal": "Cutan Ocul Toxicol", "authors": ["Pressman, Peter", "Clemens, Roger", "Sahu, Saura", "Hayes, A Wallace"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396759", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At first blush, methanol poisoning may be seen as an arcane problem generally associated with rapid ocular neuropathy. The emerging clinical reality is that methanol poisoning around the globe has claimed increasingly large numbers of deaths largely due to the press of poverty and the delay in suspecting and diagnosing methanol toxicity. With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, false beliefs about methanol's preventive potential vs viral infection of have arisen. In March of this year, more than 300 Iranians died and 1000 became ill after consuming methanol in the hope that it would protect them against the novel coronavirus. We review the context and magnitude of methanol toxicity, pathophysiology, principal medical issues, and human variability in metabolism. While toxicologists and clinicians may need to be especially attentive to this problem, it is becoming clear that the social and economic underpinnings of the methanol poisoning crisis must be actively and urgently explored and managed as vigorously as its toxicologic and pathophysiologic components."}, {"pmid": 32269356, "title": "Science in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Struct Mol Biol", "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269356", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325888, "pmcid": "PMC7216192", "title": "Fear and Practice Modifications among Dentists to Combat Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Ahmed, Muhammad Adeel", "Jouhar, Rizwan", "Ahmed, Naseer", "Adnan, Samira", "Aftab, Marziya", "Zafar, Muhammad Sohail", "Khurshid, Zohaib"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325888", "countries": ["China", "Pakistan", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China has influenced every aspect of life. Healthcare professionals, especially dentists, are exposed to a higher risk of getting infected due to close contact with infected patients. The current study was conducted to assess anxiety and fear of getting infected among dentists while working during the current novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) outbreak. In addition, dentists' knowledge about various practice modifications to combat COVID-19 has been evaluated. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey from 10th to 17th March 2020. The well-constructed questionnaire was designed and registered at online website (Kwiksurveys) and validated. A total of 669 participants from 30 different countries across the world responded. After scrutiny, completed questionnaires (n = 650) were included in the study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 25. Chi-Square and Spearman correlation tests were applied to control confounders and assess the relation of dentists' response with respect to gender and educational level. More than two-thirds of the general dental practitioners (78%) from 30 countries questioned were anxious and scared by the devastating effects of COVID-19. A large number of dentists (90%) were aware of recent changes in the treatment protocols. However, execution of amended treatment protocol was recorded as 61%. The majority of the dentists (76%) were working in the hospital setting out of which 74% were from private, and 20% were from government setups. Individually we received a large number of responses from Pakistan and Saudi Arabia, but collectively more than 50% of the responses were from other parts of the world. Despite having a high standard of knowledge and practice, dental practitioners around the globe are in a state of anxiety and fear while working in their respective fields due to the COVID-19 pandemic impact on humanity. A number of dental practices have either modified their services according to the recommended guidelines to emergency treatment only or closed down practices for an uncertain period."}, {"pmid": 32246906, "pmcid": "PMC7195346", "title": "Modelling COVID-19 transmission: from data to intervention.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jia, Zhongwei", "Lu, Zuhong"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246906", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355892, "pmcid": "PMC7190522", "title": "Radiological findings for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19).", "journal": "Med Clin (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Sanchez-Oro, Raquel", "Torres Nuez, Julio", "Martinez-Sanz, Gloria"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355892", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498549, "title": "COVID-19 Information Seeking on Digital Media and Preventive Behaviors: The Mediation Role of Worry.", "journal": "Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw", "authors": ["Liu, Piper Liping"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498549", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The high prevalence of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and inefficient preventive measures taken to curb the disease are significant public health concerns. Rapid and innovative advances in digital media offer opportunities for health education, which could result in increased preventive behaviors. This study assessed preventive behaviors against contracting COVID-19 and tested mediation pathways linking four types of digital media consumption (social media, mobile social networking apps [MSNs], online news media, and social live steaming services [SLSSs]) to preventive behaviors, mediated by worry. Results from an online survey (N\u2009=\u2009511) revealed that the vast majority (>90 percent) of respondents had very often or always practiced preventive behaviors against contracting COVID-19 such as washing their hands more regularly with soap and water, staying away from crowded places, and wearing face masks out in public. In addition, COVID-19 information seeking through the four types of digital media was a salient parameter that encouraged people to practice preventive behaviors either directly or indirectly. Specifically, seeking COVID-19-related information on MSNs, SLSSs, and online news media was directly associated with preventive behaviors. Whereas COVID-19 information consumption on social media, MSNs, and SLSSs during the infectious disease outbreak could elicit intense worry and, in turn, increase preventive behaviors. The reasons for and implications of the results are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32246787, "title": "Dealing with sleep problems during home confinement due to the COVID-19 outbreak: Practical recommendations from a task force of the European CBT-I Academy.", "journal": "J Sleep Res", "authors": ["Altena, Ellemarije", "Baglioni, Chiara", "Espie, Colin A", "Ellis, Jason", "Gavriloff, Dimitri", "Holzinger, Brigitte", "Schlarb, Angelika", "Frase, Lukas", "Jernelov, Susanna", "Riemann, Dieter"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246787", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the current global home confinement situation due to the COVID-19 outbreak, most individuals are exposed to an unprecedented stressful situation of unknown duration. This may not only increase daytime stress, anxiety and depression levels, but also disrupt sleep. Importantly, because of the fundamental role that sleep plays in emotion regulation, sleep disturbance can have direct consequences upon next day emotional functioning. In this paper, we summarize what is known about the stress-sleep link and confinement as well as effective insomnia treatment. We discuss those effects of the current home confinement situation that can disrupt sleep but also those that could benefit sleep quality. We suggest adaptions of cognitive behavioural therapy elements that are feasible to implement for those facing changed work schedules and requirements, those with health anxiety and those handling childcare and home-schooling, whilst also recognizing the general limitations imposed on physical exercise and social interaction. Managing sleep problems as best as possible during home confinement can limit stress and possibly prevent disruptions of social relationships."}, {"pmid": 32415579, "pmcid": "PMC7225095", "title": "COVID-19 update: Covid-19-associated coagulopathy.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Becker, Richard C"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415579", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355014, "title": "The coronavirus czar.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Kupferschmidt, Kai"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355014", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220574, "pmcid": "PMC7102665", "title": "Featuring COVID-19 cases via screening symptomatic patients with epidemiologic link during flu season in a medical center of central Taiwan.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Hsih, Wen-Hsin", "Cheng, Meng-Yu", "Ho, Mao-Wang", "Chou, Chia-Huei", "Lin, Po-Chang", "Chi, Chih-Yu", "Liao, Wei-Chih", "Chen, Chih-Yu", "Leong, Lih-Ying", "Tien, Ni", "Lai, Huan-Cheng", "Lai, Yi-Chyi", "Lu, Min-Chi"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220574", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CO-V-2), was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China has now rapidly spread over 50 countries. For the prevention and control of infection, Taiwan Centers for Disease Control initiated testing of SARS-CoV-2 on January 24th 2020 for persons suspected with this disease. Until February 28th, 43 flu-like symptomatic patients were screened in China Medical University Hospital. Two patients were confirmed positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by rRT-PCR as COVID-19 patients A and B. Causative pathogens for included patients were detected using FilmArray\u2122 Respiratory Panel. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical presentations, laboratory data, radiologic findings, and travel and exposure contact histories, of the COVID-19 patients in comparison to those with other respiratory infections. Through contact with Taiwan No. 19 case patient on 27th January, COVID-19 patients A and B were infected. Both patients had no identified comorbidities and developed mild illness with temporal fever, persistent cough, and lung interstitial infiltrates. Owing to the persistence of positive SARS-CoV-2 in respiratory specimen, the two COVID-19 patients are still in the isolation rooms despite recovery until 10th of March. The results of FilmArrayTM Respiratory Panel revealed 22 of the 41 non-COVID-19 patients were infected by particular pathogens. In general, seasonal respiratory pathogens are more prevalent than SARS-CoV-2 in symptomatic patients in non- COVID-19 endemic area during the flu season. Since all patients shared similar clinical and laboratory findings, expanded surveillance of detailed exposure history for suspected patients and application of rapid detection tools are highly recommended."}, {"pmid": 32267830, "pmcid": "PMC7141939", "title": "Blood transfusion during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Blood Transfus", "authors": ["Cai, Xiaohong", "Ren, Ming", "Chen, Fenghua", "Li, Liliang", "Lei, Hang", "Wang, Xuefeng"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267830", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32498152, "pmcid": "PMC7169901", "title": "Factors determining the diffusion of COVID-19 and suggested strategy to prevent future accelerated viral infectivity similar to COVID.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Coccia, Mario"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498152", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study has two goals. The first is to explain the geo-environmental determinants of the accelerated diffusion of COVID-19 that is generating a high level of deaths. The second is to suggest a strategy to cope with future epidemic threats similar to COVID-19 having an accelerated viral infectivity in society. Using data on sample of N\u00a0=\u00a055 Italian province capitals, and data of infected individuals at as of April 7th, 2020, results reveal that the accelerate and vast diffusion of COVID-19 in North Italy has a high association with air pollution of cities measured with days exceeding the limits set for PM10 (particulate matter 10\u00a0\u03bcm or less in diameter) or ozone. In particular, hinterland cities with average high number of days exceeding the limits set for PM10 (and also having a low wind speed) have a very high number of infected people on 7th April 2020 (arithmetic mean is about 2200 infected individuals, with average polluted days greater than 80 days per year), whereas coastal cities also having days exceeding the limits set for PM10 or ozone but with high wind speed have about 944.70 average infected individuals, with about 60 average polluted days per year; moreover, cities having more than 100\u00a0days of air pollution (exceeding the limits set for PM10), they have a very high average number of infected people (about 3350 infected individuals, 7th April 2020), whereas cities having less than 100\u00a0days of air pollution per year, they have a lower average number of infected people (about 1014 individuals). The findings here also suggest that to minimize the impact of future epidemics similar to COVID-19, the max number of days per year that Italian provincial capitals or similar industrialized cities can exceed the limits set for PM10 or for ozone, considering their meteorological conditions, is about 48\u00a0days. Moreover, results here reveal that the explanatory variable of air pollution in cities seems to be a more important predictor in the initial phase of diffusion of viral infectivity (on 17th March 2020, b1\u00a0=\u00a01.27, p\u00a0<\u00a00.001) than interpersonal contacts (b2\u00a0=\u00a00.31, p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). In the second phase of maturity of the transmission dynamics of COVID-19, air pollution reduces intensity (on 7th April 2020 with b'1\u00a0=\u00a00.81, p\u00a0<\u00a00.001) also because of the indirect effect of lockdown, whereas regression coefficient of transmission based on interpersonal contacts has a stable level (b'2\u00a0=\u00a00.31, p\u00a0<\u00a00.01). This result reveals that accelerated transmission dynamics of COVID-19 is due to mainly to the mechanism of \"air pollution-to-human transmission\" (airborne viral infectivity) rather than \"human-to-human transmission\". Overall, then, transmission dynamics of viral infectivity, such as COVID-19, is due to systemic causes: general factors that are the same for all regions (e.g., biological characteristics of virus, incubation period, etc.) and specific factors which are different for each region and/or city (e.g., complex interaction between air pollution, meteorological conditions and biological characteristics of viral infectivity) and health level of individuals (habits, immune system, age, sex, etc.). Lessons learned for COVID-19 in the case study here suggest that a proactive strategy to cope with future epidemics is also to apply especially an environmental and sustainable policy based on reduction of levels of air pollution mainly in hinterland and polluting cities- (having low wind speed, high percentage of moisture and number of fog days) -that seem to have an environment that foster a fast transmission dynamics of viral infectivity in society. Hence, in the presence of polluting industrialization in regions that can trigger the mechanism of air pollution-to-human transmission dynamics of viral infectivity, this study must conclude that a comprehensive strategy to prevent future epidemics similar to COVID-19 has to be also designed in environmental and socioeconomic terms, that is also based on sustainability science and environmental science, and not only in terms of biology, medicine, healthcare and health sector."}, {"pmid": 32432912, "title": "Rapid Deployment of Home PACS Workstations to Enable Social Distancing in the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Era.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Tridandapani, Srini", "Holl, Greg", "Canon, Cheri L"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432912", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. Social distancing is considered an effective mitigation strategy for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and remote interpretation of radiologic studies is one approach to social distancing within the radiology department. We describe the rapid deployment of home workstations to achieve social distancing in the radiology department at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. CONCLUSION. Transitioning from on-site interpretation to remote interpretation requires a careful balancing of hospital and departmental finances, engineering choices, and educational and philosophical workflow issues."}, {"pmid": 32361283, "pmcid": "PMC7183944", "title": "Peripheral nerve blocks in a patient with suspected COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Kilicaslan, Alper", "Kekec, Ahmet Fevzi", "Eren, Ayse Seda", "Uzun, Sema Tuncer"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361283", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320463, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Firearms in the United States: Will an Epidemic of Suicide Follow?", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Mannix, Rebekah", "Lee, Lois K", "Fleegler, Eric W"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320463", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388471, "pmcid": "PMC7187839", "title": "Clinical evaluation of a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay on a fully automated system for rapid on-demand testing in the hospital setting.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Norz, Dominik", "Fischer, Nicole", "Schultze, Alexander", "Kluge, Stefan", "Mayer-Runge, Ulrich", "Aepfelbacher, Martin", "Pfefferle, Susanne", "Lutgehetmann, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388471", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presents a unique challenge for diagnostic laboratories around the world. Automation of workflows in molecular diagnostics is instrumental for coping with the large number of tests ordered by clinicians, as well as providing fast-tracked rapid testing for highly urgent cases. In this study we evaluated a SARS-CoV-2 LDT for the NeuMoDx 96 system, a fully automated device performing extraction and real-time PCR. A publicly available SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay was adapted for the automated system. Analytical performance was evaluated using in-vitro transcribed RNA and clinical performance was compared to the cobas 6800-based reference assay within the lab. The Envelope (E) Gene-LDT displayed good analytical performance with an LoD of 95.55 cp/mL and no false positives during evaluation of cross-reactivity. A total of 176 patient samples were tested with both the E-Gene-LDT and the reference assay. Positive and negative agreement were 100 % and 99.2 % respectively. Invalid-rate was 6.3 %. The E-Gene-LDT showed analytical and clinical performance comparable to the cobas6800-based reference assay. Due to its random-access workflow concept and rapid time-to-result of about 80\u2009min, the system is very well suited for providing fast-tracked SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics for urgent clinical samples in the hospital setting."}, {"pmid": 32485313, "title": "MDA5 should be detected in severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Xu, Qiang"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485313", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385979, "title": "Diagnosis and recovery from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is challenging in kidney patients: tests are an issue.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Niewinski, Grzegorz", "Malyszko, Jolanta", "Niemczyk, Longin", "Pawlak, Monika", "Zebrowski, Pawel", "Rydzewski, Andrzej"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385979", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32162211, "pmcid": "PMC7091470", "title": "Chest computed tomography images of early coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Chen, Rong", "Chen, Jun", "Meng, Qing-Tao"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162211", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364442, "pmcid": "PMC7203572", "title": "Rigor before speculation in COVID-19 therapy.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Welling, Paul A", "Batlle, Daniel", "Byrd, James Brian", "Burrell, Louise M", "South, Andrew M", "Sparks, Matthew A"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364442", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32309622, "pmcid": "PMC7093072", "title": "Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Discoveries (Craiova)", "authors": ["Zhu, Shudong", "Guo, Xialing", "Geary, Kyla", "Zhang, Dianzheng"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309622", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Over 100,000 cases of COVID-19 patients infected with the novel coronavirus SARS-COV-2 have been reported worldwide in approximately 2 months, resulting in over 3000 deaths. Potential therapeutic strategies, including remdesivir, chloroquine phosphate, abidol, lopinavir/ritonavir, plasma, antibody, vaccine and stem cells are discussed in this review. With the number of patients increasing daily, there is an urgent need for effective therapeutic intervention."}, {"pmid": 32413909, "title": "[Protecting Medical Professionals from Infection During the Coronavirus Pandemic: Overnight Implementation of Virtual Medical Boards].", "journal": "Gesundheitswesen", "authors": ["Konig, Tatjana Tamara", "Lenz, Anna-Franziska", "Goedeke, Jan", "Muensterer, Oliver J"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413909", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\u2002For medical professionals in hospitals, it is nearly impossible to abide by the rules of social distancing to prevent coronavirus transmission. In order to avoid unnecessary contact between medical staff, virtual medical boards were implemented. \u2002Technical requirements for virtual boards were established overnight. Standard web cams and one license for a licensed provider of virtual boards were acquired. Most of the other technical gear required was readily available. Frequent and typical errors during the virtual boards were recorded and analyzed. \u2002Virtual boards provided the means for adequate patient care in spite of social distancing among the medical staff. Over a period of 4 weeks, 956 face-to-face contacts were avoided. Most errors occurred during first-time participation and concerned audio transmission. By muting the microphone of inactive participants, most of these errors could be avoided. \u2002Virtual boards for medical staff can be implemented with minimal effort und standard technical gear to slow down the transmission of coronavirus among medical professionals in the hospital setting."}, {"pmid": 32412328, "title": "The challenging battle of mankind against COVID-19 outbreak: Is this global international biological catastrophe the beginning of a new era?", "journal": "J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong)", "authors": ["Doral, Mahmut Nedim", "Bilge, Onur"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412328", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472679, "title": "Surgical mask partition reduces the risk of non-contact transmission in a golden Syrian hamster model for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chan, Jasper Fuk-Woo", "Yuan, Shuofeng", "Zhang, Anna Jinxia", "Poon, Vincent Kwok-Man", "Chan, Chris Chung-Sing", "Lee, Andrew Chak-Yiu", "Fan, Zhimeng", "Li, Can", "Liang, Ronghui", "Cao, Jianli", "Tang, Kaiming", "Luo, Cuiting", "Cheng, Vincent Chi-Chung", "Cai, Jian-Piao", "Chu, Hin", "Chan, Kwok-Hung", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang", "Sridhar, Siddharth", "Yuen, Kwok-Yung"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472679", "countries": ["Syrian Arab Republic"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is believed to be mostly transmitted by medium-to-large sized respiratory droplets although airborne transmission is theoretically possible in healthcare settings involving aerosol-generating procedures. Exposure to respiratory droplets can theoretically be reduced by surgical mask usage. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence supporting surgical mask usage for prevention of COVID-19. We used a well-established golden Syrian hamster SARS-CoV-2 model. We placed SARS-CoV-2-challenged index hamsters and na\u00efve hamsters into closed system units each comprising two different cages separated by a polyvinyl chloride air porous partition with unidirectional airflow within the isolator. The effect of a surgical mask partition placed in between the cages was investigated. Besides clinical scoring, hamster specimens were tested for viral load, histopathology, and viral nucleocapsid antigen expression. Non-contact transmission was found in 66.7% (10/15) of exposed na\u00efve hamsters. Surgical mask partition for challenged index or na\u00efve hamsters significantly reduced transmission to 25% (6/24, P=0.018). Surgical mask partition for challenged index hamsters significantly reduced transmission to only 16.7% (2/12, P=0.019) of exposed na\u00efve hamsters. Unlike the severe COVID-19 manifestations of challenged hamsters, infected na\u00efve hamsters had lower clinical scores, milder histopathological changes, and lower viral nucleocapsid antigen expression in respiratory tract tissues. SARS-CoV-2 could be transmitted by respiratory droplets or airborne droplet nuclei in the hamster model. Such transmission could be reduced by surgical mask usage, especially when masks were worn by infected individuals."}, {"pmid": 32409826, "pmcid": "PMC7239217", "title": "Case fatality risk of the first pandemic wave of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Deng, Xiaowei", "Yang, Juan", "Wang, Wei", "Wang, Xiling", "Zhou, Jiaxin", "Chen, Zhiyuan", "Li, Jing", "Chen, Yinzi", "Yan, Han", "Zhang, Juanjuan", "Zhang, Yongli", "Wang, Yan", "Qiu, Qi", "Gong, Hui", "Wei, Xianglin", "Wang, Lili", "Sun, Kaiyuan", "Wu, Peng", "Ajelli, Marco", "Cowling, Benjamin J", "Viboud, Cecile", "Yu, Hongjie"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409826", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the case fatality risk (CFR) of COVID-19 in mainland China, stratified by region and clinical category, and estimate key time-to-event intervals. We collected individual information and aggregated data on COVID-19 cases from publicly available official sources from December 29, 2019 to April 17, 2020. We accounted for right-censoring to estimate the CFR and explored the risk factors for mortality. We fitted Weibull, gamma, and lognormal distributions to time-to-event data using maximum-likelihood estimation. We analyzed 82,719 laboratory-confirmed cases reported in mainland China, including 4,632 deaths, and 77,029 discharges. The estimated CFR was 5.65% (95%CI: 5.50%-5.81%) nationally, with highest estimate in Wuhan (7.71%), and lowest in provinces outside Hubei (0.86%). The fatality risk among critical patients was 3.6 times that of all patients, and 0.8-10.3 fold higher than that of mild-to-severe patients. Older age (OR 1.14 per year; 95%CI: 1.11-1.16), and being male (OR 1.83; 95%CI: 1.10-3.04) were risk factors for mortality. The time from symptom onset to first healthcare consultation, time from symptom onset to laboratory confirmation, and time from symptom onset to hospitalization were consistently longer for deceased patients than for those who recovered. Our CFR estimates based on laboratory-confirmed cases ascertained in mainland China suggest that COVID-19 is more severe than the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic in hospitalized patients, particularly in Wuhan. Our study provides a comprehensive picture of the severity of the first wave of the pandemic in China. Our estimates can help inform models and the global response to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32324675, "pmcid": "PMC7273854", "title": "COVID-19 in the Year of the Nurse.", "journal": "J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care", "authors": ["Treston, Carole"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324675", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330323, "pmcid": "PMC7267596", "title": "Safety of dupilumab in severe atopic dermatitis and infection of Covid-19: two case reports.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Ferrucci, S", "Romagnuolo, M", "Angileri, L", "Berti, E", "Tavecchio, S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330323", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527851, "title": "Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on children's surgery in Africa.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Mazingi, Dennis", "Ihediwa, George", "Ford, Kathryn", "Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O", "Lakhoo, Kokila"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437838, "pmcid": "PMC7211613", "title": "Clinical course of asthma in 4 cases of coronavirus disease 2019 infection.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Codispoti, Christopher D", "Bandi, Sindhura", "Patel, Payal", "Mahdavinia, Mahboobeh"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437838", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527576, "title": "The modified NUTRIC score can be used for nutritional risk assessment as well as prognosis prediction in critically ill COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Zhang, Ping", "He, Zhigang", "Yu, Gang", "Peng, Dan", "Feng, Yikuan", "Ling, Jianmin", "Wang, Ye", "Li, Shusheng", "Bian, Yi"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527576", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the newly emerged Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) disaster, little is known about the nutritional risks for critically ill patients. It is also unknown whether the modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically ill (mNUTRIC) score is applicable for nutritional risk assessment in intensive care unit (ICU) COVID-19 patients. We set out to investigate the applicability of the mNUTRIC score for assessing nutritional risks and predicting outcomes for these critically ill COVID-19 patients. This retrospective observational study was conducted in three ICUs which had been specially established and equipped for COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. The study population was critically ill COVID-19 patients who had been admitted to these ICUs between January 28 and February 21, 2020. Exclusion criteria were as follows: 1) patients of \uff1c18 years; 2) patients who were pregnant; 3) length of ICU stay of \uff1c24\u00a0h; 4) insufficient medical information available. Patients' characteristics and clinical information were obtained from electronic medical and nursing records. The nutritional risk for each patient was assessed at their ICU admission using the mNUTRIC score. A score of \u22655 indicated high nutritional risk. Mortality was calculated according to patients' outcomes following 28 days of hospitalization in ICU. A total of 136 critically ill COVID-19 patients with a median age of 69 years (IQR: 57-77), 86 (63%) males and 50 (37%) females, were included in the study. Based on the mNUTRIC score at ICU admission, a high nutritional risk (\u22655 points) was observed in 61% of the critically ill COVID-19 patients, while a low nutritional risk (<5 points) was observed in 39%. The mortality of ICU 28-day was significantly higher in the high nutritional risk group than in the low nutritional risk group (87% vs 49%, P \uff1c0.001). Patients in the high nutritional risk group exhibited significantly higher incidences of acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute myocardial injury, secondary infection, shock and use of vasopressors. Additionally, use of a multivariate Cox analysis showed that patients with high nutritional risk had a higher probability of death at ICU 28-day than those with low nutritional risk (adjusted HR\u00a0=\u00a02.01, 95% CI: 1.22-3.32, P\u00a0=\u00a00.006). A large proportion of critically ill COVID-19 patients had a high nutritional risk, as revealed by their mNUTRIC score. Patients with high nutritional risk at ICU admission exhibited significantly higher mortality of ICU 28-day, as well as twice the probability of death at ICU 28-day than those with low nutritional risk. Therefore, the mNUTRIC score may be an appropriate tool for nutritional risk assessment and prognosis prediction for critically ill COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32371442, "title": "Children are not COVID-19 super spreaders: time to go back to school.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Munro, Alasdair P S", "Faust, Saul N"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371442", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32200654, "pmcid": "PMC7193851", "title": "Time Kinetics of Viral Clearance and Resolution of Symptoms in Novel Coronavirus Infection.", "journal": "Am J Respir Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Chang, De", "Mo, Guoxin", "Yuan, Xin", "Tao, Yi", "Peng, Xiaohua", "Wang, Fu-Sheng", "Xie, Lixin", "Sharma, Lokesh", "Dela Cruz, Charles S", "Qin, Enqiang"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200654", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32188590, "title": "Covid-19 exposes weaknesses in European response to outbreaks.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Anderson, Michael", "Mckee, Martin", "Mossialos, Elias"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188590", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407806, "pmcid": "PMC7214299", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the management of patients with severe IBD: a domino effect.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Occhipinti, Vincenzo", "Saibeni, Simone", "Sampietro, Gianluca M", "Pastorelli, Luca"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407806", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434598, "title": "Can We Expect an Increased Suicide Rate Due to Covid-19?", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Devitt, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434598", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human disasters come in all shapes and sizes including wars, terrorist violence, natural events, economic recessions and depressions as well as infection. As a species more fragile than we often allow, humans would be expected to adversely react to these types of disasters in terms of mental ill health and possibly suicidal behaviour leading to increased demands on the Mental Health services. This narrative historical paper examines relevant studies into how previous disasters affected mental health and suicidal behaviour. The characteristics of what is known of the current Covid-19 disease are analysed and compared to other types of disasters with a view to gaining some insight into what we might expect. Of all the types of disasters, economic recession appears most toxic. Mitigating the worst effects of recession appears to be protective. Particularly vulnerable groups are identified in whom we might expect an increase in suicidal behaviour."}, {"pmid": 32482789, "title": "OVERCOMING THE COVID-19 CRISIS AND PLANING FOR THE FUTURE.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["LoGiudice, Steven H", "Liebhaber, Allison", "Schoder, Heiko"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482789", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492258, "title": "Proactive measures for the pandemic COVID-19 infection in outpatient clinics of Otolaryngology Department.", "journal": "Kaohsiung J Med Sci", "authors": ["Chien, Chen-Yu", "Wu, Jeng-Yih", "Wang, Ling-Feng"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492258", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343968, "pmcid": "PMC7195070", "title": "Use of Tocilizumab for COVID-19-Induced Cytokine Release Syndrome: A Cautionary Case Report.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Radbel, Jared", "Narayanan, Navaneeth", "Bhatt, Pinki J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343968", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, COVID-19 has become a pandemic affecting more than 1.5 million people worldwide. Patients with COVID-19 have a wide spectrum of manifestations, one being cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and its fatal correlate, secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH). Anti-cytokine therapy such as tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor antagonist, is a potential treatment for COVID-19; however, data regarding the efficacy of this anti-IL-6 therapy are currently lacking. We report two cases of patients who received a diagnosis of COVID-19 complicated by CRS and were treated with tocilizumab. Both patients progressed to sHLH despite treatment with tocilizumab, and one developed viral myocarditis, challenging the safety and clinical usefulness of tocilizumab in the treatment of COVID-19-induced CRS. These cases highlight the need for clinical trials to determine optimal patient selection and timing for the use of tocilizumab during this disease process."}, {"pmid": 32361193, "pmcid": "PMC7252008", "title": "Re: Patiently waiting for the results of anti-IL 6 therapy in severe COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["McGonagle, Dennis", "Sharif, Kassem", "O'Regan, Anthony", "Bridgewood, Charlie"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361193", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427197, "pmcid": "PMC7228313", "title": "Unprecedented pandemic, unprecedented shift, and unprecedented opportunity.", "journal": "Hum Behav Emerg Technol", "authors": ["Yan, Zheng"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427197", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is currently spreading across the world in an unprecedented way. \"Social distancing\" has become the latest buzzword in the headlines of media covering the COVID-19 pandemic As a result, the widely implemented social distancing measures has generated one unprecedented shift that pushes various types of human social interactions from dominantly offline to dominantly online. This becomes a \"new normal\" in our daily life. For our research community of studying technology-related behavior, the COVID-19 pandemic provides an unprecedented opportunity to join the worldwide efforts to fight against the current pandemic and Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies calls for studies examining how humans behavior with emerging technologies in extreme events such as the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32504052, "title": "Seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M and G antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in China.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Xu, Xin", "Sun, Jian", "Nie, Sheng", "Li, Huiyuan", "Kong, Yaozhong", "Liang, Min", "Hou, Jinlin", "Huang, Xianzhong", "Li, Dongfeng", "Ma, Tean", "Peng, Jiaqing", "Gao, Shikui", "Shao, Yong", "Zhu, Hong", "Lau, Johnson Yiu-Nam", "Wang, Guangyu", "Xie, Chunbao", "Jiang, Li", "Huang, Ailong", "Yang, Zhenglin", "Zhang, Kang", "Hou, Fan Fan"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504052", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Detection of asymptomatic or subclinical novel human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical for understanding the overall prevalence and infection potential of COVID-19. To estimate the cumulative prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in China, we evaluated the host serologic response, measured by the levels of immunoglobulins M and G in 17,368 individuals, in the city of Wuhan, the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in China, and geographic regions in the country, during the period from 9 March 2020 to 10 April 2020. In our cohorts, the seropositivity in Wuhan varied between 3.2% and 3.8% in different subcohorts. Seroposivity progressively decreased in other cities as the distance to the epicenter increased. Patients who visited a hospital for maintenance hemodialysis and healthcare workers also had a higher seroprevalence of 3.3% (51 of 1,542, 2.5-4.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI)) and 1.8% (81 of 4,384, 1.5-2.3%, 95%\u2009CI), respectively. More studies are needed to determine whether these results are generalizable to other populations and geographic locations, as well as to determine at what rate seroprevalence is increasing with the progress of the COVID-19 pandemic. Serologic surveillance has the potential to provide a more faithful cumulative viral attack rate for the first season of this novel SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32355653, "pmcid": "PMC7188613", "title": "Chest CT as a screening tool for COVID-19 in unrelated patients and asymptomatic subjects without contact history is unjustified.", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Liu, Wei-Hong", "Wang, Xia-Wu", "Cai, Zhong-Quan", "Wang, Xiao", "Huang, Xiao-Lu", "Jin, Zhi-Gang"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355653", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436835, "title": "Isolated Anosmia as a Presentation of COVID-19: An Experience in a Referral Hospital.", "journal": "Infect Disord Drug Targets", "authors": ["Ghiasvand, Fereshteh", "SeyedAlinaghi, SeyedAhmad"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436835", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32430514, "pmcid": "PMC7235431", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 pulmonary infection revealed by subcutaneous emphysema and pneumomediastinum.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Lacroix, Maxime", "Graiess, Farouk", "Monnier-Cholley, Laurence", "Arrive, Lionel"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430514", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397684, "pmcid": "PMC7247005", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Inflammatory Syndrome. Clinical Features and Rationale for Immunological Treatment.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Prete, Marcella", "Favoino, Elvira", "Catacchio, Giacomo", "Racanelli, Vito", "Perosa, Federico"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397684", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is a global health emergency because of its highly contagious nature, the great number of patients requiring intensive care therapy, and the high fatality rate. In the absence of specific antiviral drugs, passive prophylaxis, or a vaccine, the treatment aim in these patients is to prevent the potent virus-induced inflammatory stimuli from leading to the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has a severe prognosis. Here, the mechanism of action and the rationale for employing immunological strategies, which range from traditional chemically synthesized drugs, anti-cytokine antibodies, human immunoglobulin for intravenous use, to vaccines, are reviewed."}, {"pmid": 32505221, "title": "Quantifying additional COVID-19 symptoms will save lives.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Menni, Cristina", "Sudre, Carole H", "Steves, Claire J", "Ourselin, Sebastien", "Spector, Tim D"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505221", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215956, "title": "Covid-19 and the digestive system.", "journal": "J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Wong, Sunny H", "Lui, Rashid Ns", "Sung, Joseph Jy"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215956", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease is currently causing a major pandemic. It is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a member of the Betacoronavirus genus that also includes the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. While patients typically present with fever and a respiratory illness, some patients also report gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Studies have identified the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool specimens of infected patients, and its viral receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 was found to be highly expressed in gastrointestinal epithelial cells. These suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can actively infect and replicate in the gastrointestinal tract. This has important implications to the disease management, transmission, and infection control. In this article, we review the important gastrointestinal aspects of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32324595, "pmcid": "PMC7259533", "title": "The laboratory tests and host immunity of COVID-19 patients with different severity of illness.", "journal": "JCI Insight", "authors": ["Wang, Feng", "Hou, Hongyan", "Luo, Ying", "Tang, Guoxing", "Wu, Shiji", "Huang, Min", "Liu, Weiyong", "Zhu, Yaowu", "Lin, Qun", "Mao, Liyan", "Fang, Minghao", "Zhang, Huilan", "Sun, Ziyong"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324595", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUNDThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused a severe outbreak throughout the world. The host immunity of COVID-19 patients is unknown.METHODSThe routine laboratory tests and host immunity in COVID-19 patients with different severity of illness were compared after patient admission.RESULTSA total of 65 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were classified as having mild (n = 30), severe (n = 20), and extremely severe (n = 15) illness. Many routine laboratory tests, such as ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and D-dimer, were increased in severe and extremely severe patients. The absolute numbers of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and B cells were gradually decreased with increased severity of illness. The activation markers such as HLA-DR and CD45RO expressed on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were increased in severe and extremely severe patients compared with mild patients. The costimulatory molecule CD28 had opposite results. The percentage of natural Tregs was decreased in extremely severe patients. The percentage of IFN-\u03b3-producing CD8+ T cells was increased in both severe and extremely severe patients compared with mild patients. The percentage of IFN-\u03b3-producing CD4+ T cells was increased in extremely severe patients. IL-2R, IL-6, and IL-10 were all increased in extremely severe patients. The activation of DC and B cells was decreased in extremely severe patients.CONCLUSIONThe number and function of T cells are inconsistent in COVID-19 patients. The hyperfunction of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is associated with the pathogenesis of extremely severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.FUNDINGThis work was funded by the National Mega Project on Major Infectious Disease Prevention (2017ZX10103005-007) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2019kfyRCPY098)."}, {"pmid": 32428835, "pmcid": "PMC7218375", "title": "Advances in the relationship between coronavirus infection and cardiovascular diseases.", "journal": "Biomed Pharmacother", "authors": ["Zhao, Mengmeng", "Wang, Menglong", "Zhang, Jishou", "Ye, Jing", "Xu, Yao", "Wang, Zhen", "Ye, Di", "Liu, Jianfang", "Wan, Jun"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428835", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has once again aroused people's concern about coronavirus. Seven human coronaviruses (HCoVs) have been discovered so far, including HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU115, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Existing studies show that the cardiovascular disease increased the incidence and severity of coronavirus infection. At the same time, myocardial injury caused by coronavirus infection is one of the main factors contributing to poor prognosis. In this review, the recent clinical findings about the relationship between coronaviruses and cardiovascular diseases and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed. This review aimed to provide assistance for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32468616, "title": "Child protection in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Paediatr Child Health", "authors": ["S S Teo, Stephen", "Griffiths, Glenys"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468616", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the number of cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 rises exponentially in Australia with consequences for the health system and society at large, we need to remember that during this pandemic that necessary social distancing measures, effective school closures and rising unemployment levels may lead to an increased risk for child abuse and neglect."}, {"pmid": 32201155, "pmcid": "PMC7195075", "title": "The evolution of CT characteristics in the patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Lei, Pinggui", "Fan, Bing", "Yuan, Yingnan"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201155", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502537, "pmcid": "PMC7265844", "title": "Deploying Medical Students to Combat Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Quadri, Nasreen S", "Thielen, Beth K", "Erayil, Serin Edwin", "Gulleen, Elizabeth A", "Krohn, Kristina"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502537", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496101, "title": "A commentary on moral injury among health care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Borges, Lauren M", "Barnes, Sean M", "Farnsworth, Jacob K", "Bahraini, Nazanin H", "Brenner, Lisa A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496101", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although little is known about moral injury in nonmilitary populations, the COVID-19 pandemic has made it clear that moral injury's relevance extends beyond the battlefield. Health care providers are experiencing potentially morally injurious events that may violate their moral code or values, yet almost no research has been conducted on moral injury among health care providers to date. The purpose of this commentary is to describe the relevance of moral injury to health care providers and to spark a dialogue that motivates future research, prevention, and intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32473657, "pmcid": "PMC7255735", "title": "Description of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals: a single-centre, prospective cohort.", "journal": "Lancet HIV", "authors": ["Vizcarra, Pilar", "Perez-Elias, Maria J", "Quereda, Carmen", "Moreno, Ana", "Vivancos, Maria J", "Dronda, Fernando", "Casado, Jose L"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473657", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Information about incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of HIV-infected individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is scarce. We characterised individuals with COVID-19 among a cohort of HIV-infected adults in Madrid. In this observational prospective study, we included all consecutive HIV-infected individuals (aged \u226518 years) who had suspected or confirmed COVID-19 as of April 30, 2020, at the Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal (Madrid, Spain). We compared the characteristics of HIV-infected individuals with COVID-19 with a sample of HIV-infected individuals assessed before the COVID-19 pandemic, and described the outcomes of individuals with COVID-19. 51 HIV-infected individuals were diagnosed with COVID-19 (incidence 1\u00b78%, 95% CI 1\u00b73-2\u00b73). Mean age of patients was 53\u00b73 years (SD 9\u00b75); eight (16%) were women, and 43 (84%) men. 35 (69%) cases of co-infection had laboratory confirmed COVID-19, and 28 (55%) required hospital admission. Age and CD4 cell counts in 51 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were similar to those in 1288 HIV-infected individuals without; however, 32 (63%) with COVID-19 had at least one comorbidity (mostly hypertension and diabetes) compared with 495 (38%) without COVID-19 (p=0\u00b700059). 37 (73%) patients had received tenofovir before COVID-19 diagnosis compared with 487 (38%) of those without COVID-19 (p=0\u00b70036); 11 (22%) in the COVID-19 group had previous protease inhibitor use (mostly darunavir) compared with 175 (14%; p=0\u00b7578). Clinical, analytical, and radiological presentation of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals was similar to that described in the general population. Six (12%) individuals were critically ill, two of whom had CD4 counts of less than 200 cells per \u03bcL, and two (4%) died. SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR remained positive after a median of 40 days from symptoms onset in six (32%) individuals, four of whom had severe disease or low nadir CD4 cell counts. HIV-infected individuals should not be considered to be protected from SARS-CoV-2 infection or to have lower risk of severe disease. Generally, they should receive the same treatment approach applied to the general population. None."}, {"pmid": 32503889, "title": "Prioritising the role of community health workers in the COVID-19 response.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Ballard, Madeleine", "Bancroft, Emily", "Nesbit, Josh", "Johnson, Ari", "Holeman, Isaac", "Foth, Jennifer", "Rogers, Debbie", "Yang, Jane", "Nardella, James", "Olsen, Helen", "Raghavan, Mallika", "Panjabi, Raj", "Alban, Rebecca", "Malaba, Serah", "Christiansen, Molly", "Rapp, Stephanie", "Schechter, Jennifer", "Aylward, Patrick", "Rogers, Ash", "Sebisaho, Jacques", "Ako, Clarise", "Choudhury, Nandini", "Westgate, Carey", "Mbeya, Julius", "Schwarz, Ryan", "Bonds, Matthew H", "Adamjee, Rehan", "Bishop, Julia", "Yembrick, Amanda", "Flood, David", "McLaughlin, Meg", "Palazuelos, Daniel"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503889", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 disproportionately affects the poor and vulnerable. Community health workers are poised to play a pivotal role in fighting the pandemic, especially in countries with less resilient health systems. Drawing from practitioner expertise across four WHO regions, this article outlines the targeted actions needed at different stages of the pandemic to achieve the following goals: (1) PROTECT healthcare workers, (2) INTERRUPT the virus, (3) MAINTAIN existing healthcare services while surging their capacity, and (4) SHIELD the most vulnerable from socioeconomic shocks. While decisive action must be taken now to blunt the impact of the pandemic in countries likely to be hit the hardest, many of the investments in the supply chain, compensation, dedicated supervision, continuous training and performance management necessary for rapid community response in a pandemic are the same as those required to achieve universal healthcare and prevent the next epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32369286, "title": "A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Covid-19. Reply.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Cao, Bin", "Zhang, Dingyu", "Wang, Chen"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369286", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462329, "pmcid": "PMC7253229", "title": "Autoimmune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Hematol", "authors": ["Albiol, Nil", "Awol, Rahinatu", "Martino, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462329", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32180426, "title": "An Analysis of 38 Pregnant Women with COVID-19, Their Newborn Infants, and Maternal-Fetal Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Maternal Coronavirus Infections and Pregnancy Outcomes.", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Schwartz, David A"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32180426", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of a novel coronavirus, termed SARS-CoV-2, and the potentially life-threating respiratory disease that it can produce, COVID-19, has rapidly spread across the globe creating a massive public health problem. Previous epidemics of many emerging viral infections have typically resulted in poor obstetrical outcomes including maternal morbidity and mortality, maternal-fetal transmission of the virus, and perinatal infections and death. This communication reviews the effects of two previous coronavirus infections - severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) caused by MERS-CoV - on pregnancy outcomes. In addition, it analyzes literature describing 38 pregnant women with COVID-19 and their newborns in China to assess the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the mothers and infants including clinical, laboratory and virologic data, and the transmissibility of the virus from mother to fetus. This analysis reveals that unlike coronavirus infections of pregnant women caused by SARS and MERS, in these 38 pregnant women COVID-19 did not lead to maternal deaths. Importantly, and similar to pregnancies with SARS and MERS, there were no confirmed cases of intrauterine transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mothers with COVID-19 to their fetuses. All neonatal specimens tested, including in some cases placentas, were negative by rt-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. At this point in the global pandemic of COVID-19 infection there is no evidence that SARS-CoV-2 undergoes intrauterine or transplacental transmission from infected pregnant women to their fetuses. Analysis of additional cases is necessary to determine if this remains true."}, {"pmid": 32501369, "pmcid": "PMC7252058", "title": "Estimation of COVID-19 dynamics \"on a back-of-envelope\": Does the simplest SIR model provide quantitative parameters and predictions?", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Postnikov, Eugene B"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501369", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Basing on existence of the mathematically sequential reduction of the three-compartmental (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered/Removed) model to the Verhulst (logistic) equation with the parameters determined by the basic characteristic of epidemic process, this model is tested in application to the recent data on COVID-19 outbreak reported by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. It is shown that such a simple model adequately reproduces the epidemic dynamics not only qualitatively but for a number of countries quantitatively with a high degree of correlation that allows to use it for predictive estimations. In addition, some features of SIR model are discussed in the context, how its parameters and conditions reflect measures attempted for the disease growth prevention that is also clearly indicated by deviations from such model solutions."}, {"pmid": 32506184, "title": "Wearable Technology and How This Can Be Implemented into Clinical Practice.", "journal": "Curr Allergy Asthma Rep", "authors": ["Greiwe, Justin", "Nyenhuis, Sharmilee M"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506184", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our day-to-day life is saturated with health data that was previously out of reach. Over the last decade, new devices and fitness technology companies are attempting to tap into this data, uncovering a treasure trove of useful information that, when applied correctly, has the potential to revolutionize the way we approach healthcare and chronic conditions like asthma, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. By harnessing exciting developments in personalization, digitization, wellness, and patient engagement, care providers can improve health outcomes for our patients in a way we have never been able to do in the past. While new technologies to capture individual health metrics are everywhere, how can we use this information to make a real difference in our patients' lives? Navigating the complicated landscape of personal wearable devices, asthma inhaler sensors, and exercise apps can be daunting to even the most tech savvy physician. This manuscript will give you the tools necessary to make lasting changes in your patients' lives by exposing them to a world of usable, affordable, and relatable health technology that resonates with their personal fitness and wellness goals. These tools will be even more important post-COVID-19, as the landscape of clinical outpatient care changes from mainly in-person visits to a greater reliance on telemedicine and remote monitoring."}, {"pmid": 32395929, "title": "First public health measures for the containment of COVID-19: a hotel in quarantine.", "journal": "Emergencias", "authors": ["Girones-Bredy, Clara Elisa", "Posca-Maina, Marcela", "Pinto-Plasencia, Ramon Guillermo", "Mahtani-Chugani, Vinita"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395929", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401410, "pmcid": "PMC7261985", "title": "Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis after COVID-19 treatment with hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Litaiem, Noureddine", "Hajlaoui, Khaoula", "Karray, Manel", "Slouma, Maroua", "Zeglaoui, Faten"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401410", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325930, "pmcid": "PMC7232522", "title": "Nipah Virus: Past Outbreaks and Future Containment.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Soman Pillai, Vinod", "Krishna, Gayathri", "Valiya Veettil, Mohanan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325930", "countries": ["India", "Bangladesh", "Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viral outbreaks of varying frequencies and severities have caused panic and havoc across the globe throughout history. Influenza, small pox, measles, and yellow fever reverberated for centuries, causing huge burden for economies. The twenty-first century witnessed the most pathogenic and contagious virus outbreaks of zoonotic origin including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Ebola virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and Nipah virus. Nipah is considered one of the world's deadliest viruses with the heaviest mortality rates in some instances. It is known to cause encephalitis, with cases of acute respiratory distress turning fatal. Various factors contribute to the onset and spread of the virus. All through the infected zone, various strategies to tackle and enhance the surveillance and awareness with greater emphasis on personal hygiene has been formulated. This review discusses the recent outbreaks of Nipah virus in Malaysia, Bangladesh and India, the routes of transmission, prevention and control measures employed along with possible reasons behind the outbreaks, and the precautionary measures to be ensured by private-public undertakings to contain and ensure a lower incidence in the future."}, {"pmid": 32533897, "title": "A new Chapter for ACPGBI.", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Kokelaar, R F", "Williams, G L"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533897", "countries": ["Ireland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus pandemic has significantly impacted on the practice of colorectal surgery and other branches of medicine. In addition to disrupting patient care at every level, it has also decimated the normal business and structures that maintain the high quality of care that our patients expect. These vary from local departmental audits to the function of learned societies such as the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland. During this challenging and rapidly evolving era, clinicians crave communication and being connected to their peers."}, {"pmid": 32198801, "pmcid": "PMC7161827", "title": "COVID-19: A Singapore Orthopedic Resident's Musings in the Emergency Department.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Liang, Zhen C", "Ooi, Shirley B S"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198801", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357995, "title": "Tracheal intubation in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Duggan, Laura V", "Mastoras, George", "Bryson, Gregory L"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357995", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333918, "pmcid": "PMC7177073", "title": "Baricitinib therapy in COVID-19: A pilot study on safety and clinical impact.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Cantini, Fabrizio", "Niccoli, Laura", "Matarrese, Daniela", "Nicastri, Emanuele", "Stobbione, Paolo", "Goletti, Delia"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333918", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398883, "pmcid": "PMC7214311", "title": "The COVID-19 Virtual Idea Blitz: Marshaling social entrepreneurship to rapidly respond to urgent grand challenges.", "journal": "Bus Horiz", "authors": ["Bacq, Sophie", "Geoghegan, Will", "Josefy, Matthew", "Stevenson, Regan", "Williams, Trenton A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398883", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to societal grand challenges, professors have unique opportunities to effect change, repurposing their expertise to deploy relevant, timely, practical, and research-backed knowledge for the betterment of communities. Drawing on scholarship on postcrisis organizing, the entrepreneurial hustle, and social entrepreneurship, we provide a firsthand, real-time case description of a three-day \"virtual idea blitz\" organized in response to the COVID-19 crisis. The event was organized and executed in less than a week and ultimately involved 200 individuals, including entrepreneurs, coders, medical doctors, venture capitalists, industry professionals, students, and professors from around the world. By the end of the weekend, 21 ideas with corresponding pitches were developed in five thematic areas: health needs, education, small businesses, community, and purchasing. We describe how the community was rapidly rallied, and we discuss the key learning outcomes of this spontaneous entrepreneurial endeavor. We provide evidence from participants and mentors that showcases the value of the time-compressed virtual idea blitz in accelerating social entrepreneurial action. We offer practical guidance to academic, community, and professional institutions that would like to replicate or build upon our approach to stimulate the formation of community-based and coordinating efforts to thwart the ongoing threat of COVID-19, as well as other societal challenges that might emerge in the future."}, {"pmid": 32122468, "pmcid": "PMC7159292", "title": "On the use of corticosteroids for 2019-nCoV pneumonia.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Shang, Lianhan", "Zhao, Jianping", "Hu, Yi", "Du, Ronghui", "Cao, Bin"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122468", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425277, "pmcid": "PMC7229970", "title": "COVID-19 suicidal behavior among couples and suicide pacts: Case study evidence from press reports.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Griffiths, Mark D", "Mamun, Mohammed A"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425277", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32003551, "pmcid": "PMC7120970", "title": "Transmission of 2019-nCoV Infection from an Asymptomatic Contact in Germany.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rothe, Camilla", "Schunk, Mirjam", "Sothmann, Peter", "Bretzel, Gisela", "Froeschl, Guenter", "Wallrauch, Claudia", "Zimmer, Thorbjorn", "Thiel, Verena", "Janke, Christian", "Guggemos, Wolfgang", "Seilmaier, Michael", "Drosten, Christian", "Vollmar, Patrick", "Zwirglmaier, Katrin", "Zange, Sabine", "Wolfel, Roman", "Hoelscher, Michael"], "date": "2020-02-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32003551", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285928, "title": "Cloth masks versus medical masks for COVID-19 protection.", "journal": "Cardiol J", "authors": ["Szarpak, Lukasz", "Smereka, Jacek", "Filipiak, Krzysztof J", "Ladny, Jerzy R", "Jaguszewski, Milosz"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285928", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304208, "pmcid": "PMC7188150", "title": "Assessment of Specimen Pooling to Conserve SARS CoV-2 Testing Resources.", "journal": "Am J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Abdalhamid, Baha", "Bilder, Christopher R", "McCutchen, Emily L", "Hinrichs, Steven H", "Koepsell, Scott A", "Iwen, Peter C"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304208", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To establish the optimal parameters for group testing of pooled specimens for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The most efficient pool size was determined to be five specimens using a web-based application. From this analysis, 25 experimental pools were created using 50 \u00b5L from one SARS-CoV-2 positive nasopharyngeal specimen mixed with 4 negative patient specimens (50 \u00b5L each) for a total volume of 250 \u00b5L. Viral RNA was subsequently extracted from each pool and tested using the CDC SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay. Positive pools were consequently split into individual specimens and tested by extraction and PCR. This method was also tested on an unselected group of 60 nasopharyngeal specimens grouped into 12 pools. All 25 pools were positive with cycle threshold (Ct) values within 0 and 5.03 Ct of the original individual specimens. The analysis of 60 specimens determined that 2 pools were positive followed by identification of 2 individual specimens among the 60 tested. This testing was accomplished while using 22 extractions/PCR tests, a savings of 38 reactions. When the incidence rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection is 10% or less, group testing will result in the saving of reagents and personnel time with an overall increase in testing capability of at least 69%."}, {"pmid": 32503837, "title": "Type 1 Diabetes and COVID-19: Preliminary Findings From a Multicenter Surveillance Study in the U.S.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Ebekozien, Osagie A", "Noor, Nudrat", "Gallagher, Mary Pat", "Alonso, G Todd"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503837", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487724, "title": "Lockdown: more domestic accidents than COVID-19 in children.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Bressan, Silvia", "Gallo, Elisa", "Tirelli, Francesca", "Gregori, Dario", "Da Dalt, Liviana"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487724", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410245, "pmcid": "PMC7272974", "title": "The clinical characteristic of eight patients of COVID-19 with positive RT-PCR test after discharge.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cao, Hong", "Ruan, Lei", "Liu, Jian", "Liao, Wenhui"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410245", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The phenomenon of positive real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result of SARS-CoV-2 in recovered patients had occurred and the research about these patients was rare. In our study, we did a retrospective review of medical records from COVID-19 patients admitted to one ward of Tongji Hospital of Hua Zhong University of Science and Technology from 10 February to 13 April 2020. From 10 February to 13 April 2020, there were 108 patients of COVID-19 admitted in the one ward of Tongji Hospital. Among them, eight cases were readmission patients because the RT-PCR result of SARS-CoV-2 was positive again after discharge. On the second admission, they had no symptoms and their chest computed tomography was almost normal. Data from laboratory tests of the readmission patients showed that all eight patients had normal white blood cell count, lymphocyte count. The inflammatory factors like procalcitonin and interleukin 6 were normal. After treatment, two patients met the standard and were discharged. The other six patients were still in the hospital because their RT-PCR of SARS-CoV-2 did not get three consecutive negative results and the course of two patients had persisted more than 90 days. We still needed to be alert that these patients could infect other people as a source of infection, and we also needed to be alert that these patients become chronic virus carriers. It also aroused our concern about the discharge standard of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32376583, "pmcid": "PMC7167313", "title": "[Diagnosis and treatment of an elderly patient with secondary cerebral infarction caused by COVID-19].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["He, Jin", "Cheng, Gong", "Xu, Wenwei", "Zhang, Lengzhen", "Zeng, Zhenhua"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376583", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We review the experience with the diagnosis and treatment of secondary cerebral infarction in an elderly patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 has rapid disease progression with a high mortality rate in elderly patients, and physicians should be alert to secondary bacterial infection that may result in coagulation dysfunction and cerebral infarction. Early anti-infection therapy, immune regulation and appropriate anticoagulation intervention may help improve the prognosis of the patients."}, {"pmid": 32375011, "title": "Exergames as Coping Strategies for Anxiety Disorders During the COVID-19 Quarantine Period.", "journal": "Games Health J", "authors": ["Viana, Ricardo Borges", "de Lira, Claudio Andre Barbosa"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375011", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has led to wide-scale self-isolation, as a result of the quarantine period recommended by the World Health Organization. Consequently, people's mental health, including their anxiety levels, may be becoming impaired. To cope with the situation, the exergame appears to be an enjoyable easy-to-use tool for reducing social isolation, as well as an interesting mode of home-based exercise for tackling anxiety disorders and sedentary behavior. This article critically appraises the opportunities and challenges exergames present for the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders in a home-based environment during the COVID-19 quarantine period."}, {"pmid": 32462212, "pmcid": "PMC7251552", "title": "Toll of acute methanol poisoning for preventing COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Toxicol", "authors": ["Mehrpour, Omid", "Sadeghi, Mahmood"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462212", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446335, "pmcid": "PMC7241984", "title": "Food insecurity will be the sting in the tail of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["The Lancet Global Health"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446335", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501438, "pmcid": "PMC7255243", "title": "Guarding a city from the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["Xu, Jiuyang", "Shang, Lianhan", "Cao, Bin"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501438", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381538, "title": "Stroke Health Care Use and COVID-19.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Derraz, I"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381538", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349055, "pmcid": "PMC7253049", "title": "Is COVID Evolution Due to Occurrence of Pulmonary Vascular Thrombosis?", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Saba, Luca", "Sverzellati, Nicola"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349055", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this hypothesis paper, we suggest that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may induce intravascular pulmonary thrombosis, which may result in the rapid worsening of clinical conditions and, eventually, exitus. Previously published papers have demonstrated that increased levels of D-dimer at hospital admission correlate with a more severe disease (0.5\u2009mg/L) or occurrence of death (1\u2009mg/L). The potential prothrombotic action of the SARS-CoV-2 is supported by the topographical involvement of the lung regions with a predilection for the lower lobe with peripheral involvement. If this hypothesis is demonstrated, this could suggest the benefit of using antithrombotic/coagulation regimens for SARS-CoV-2 and, at the same time, the urgency to identify drugs that could alter the inflammatory storm, thus protecting the vessel wall."}, {"pmid": 32402799, "pmcid": "PMC7177083", "title": "Early COVID-19 Impact on Adolescent Health and Medicine Programs in the United States: LEAH Program Leadership Reflections.", "journal": "J Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Emans, S Jean", "Ford, Carol A", "Irwin, Charles E Jr", "Richardson, Laura P", "Sherer, Sara", "Sieving, Renee E", "Simpson, Tina"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402799", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449297, "pmcid": "PMC7267088", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Virulence: Interplay of Floating Virus-Laden Particles, Climate, and Humans.", "journal": "Adv Biosyst", "authors": ["Hosseini, Vahid"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449297", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the emergence of COVID-19, it is important to address the possible scenarios of SARS-CoV-2 virulence. Although several researchers have addressed the possible mechanisms of enveloped virus transfection, for example, influenza, here, the relationship between exhaled virus laden-particles, the climate, and transfection probability is discussed by interpreting the findings of prior studies. Importantly, the higher probability of viral transfection in cold and dry public spaces such as near cold shelves of groceries is illustrated. Thus, additional protective measures in such spaces are recommended."}, {"pmid": 32325035, "pmcid": "PMC7172613", "title": "Plea for multitargeted interventions for severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gaborit, Benjamin Jean", "Bergmann, Jean-Francois", "Mussini, Cristina", "Arribas, Jose Ramon", "Behrens, Georg", "Walmsley, Sharon", "Pozniak, Anton", "Raffi, Francois"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325035", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517963, "title": "Prevalence and Impact of Myocardial Injury in Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Lala, Anuradha", "Johnson, Kipp W", "Januzzi, James L", "Russak, Adam J", "Paranjpe, Ishan", "Richter, Felix", "Zhao, Shan", "Somani, Sulaiman", "Van Vleck, Tielman", "Vaid, Akhil", "Chaudhry, Fayzan", "De Freitas, Jessica K", "Fayad, Zahi A", "Pinney, Sean P", "Levin, Matthew", "Charney, Alexander", "Bagiella, Emilia", "Narula, Jagat", "Glicksberg, Benjamin S", "Nadkarni, Girish", "Mancini, Donna M", "Fuster, Valentin"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517963", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The degree of myocardial injury, as reflected by troponin elevation, and associated outcomes among US hospitalized patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are unknown. To describe the degree of myocardial injury and associated outcomes in a large hospitalized cohort with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Patients with COVID-19 admitted to one of five Mount Sinai Health System hospitals in New York City between February 27th and April 12th, 2020 with troponin-I (normal value <0.03ng/mL) measured within 24 hours of admission were included (n=2,736). Demographics, medical history, admission labs, and outcomes were captured from the hospitals' EHR. The median age was 66.4 years, with 59.6% men. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) including coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, and heart failure, was more prevalent in patients with higher troponin concentrations, as were hypertension and diabetes. A total of 506 (18.5%) patients died during hospitalization. In all, 985 (36%) patients had elevated troponin concentrations. After adjusting for disease severity and relevant clinical factors, even small amounts of myocardial injury (e.g. troponin I 0.03-0.09ng/mL, n=455, 16.6%) were significantly associated with death (adjusted HR: 1.75, 95% CI 1.37-2.24; P<0.001) while greater amounts (e.g. troponin I>0.09 ng/dL, n=530, 19.4%) were significantly associated with higher risk (adjusted HR 3.03, 95% CI 2.42-3.80; P<0.001). Myocardial injury is prevalent among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 however troponin concentrations were generally present at low levels. Patients with CVD are more likely to have myocardial injury than patients without CVD. Troponin elevation among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 is associated with higher risk of mortality."}, {"pmid": 32386019, "title": "A family outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Luo, Weijun", "Xiong, Zeng", "Tang, Haixiong", "Zhou, Hui"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386019", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although continuous outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, it has been widely reported, there were few reports regarding family cases. We reported a group of family cluster outbreak cases confirmed in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China, and their clinical and image characteristics have been analyzed in order to provide reference for the prevention and early diagnosis of this disease. A total of 5 patients from one family, including 4 adults and 1 child, had a history of human contact in Wuhan, Hubei. Four adult patients showed different symptoms, including cough, fever, pharyngeal pain, and dyspnea, while the child patient had no symptoms. Laboratory examination showed no abnormality in all the patients except for slight increase in CRP in 2 patients and mild abnormal liver function index in 1 patient. The chest CT showed that all patients had abnormal images, with different degrees of manifestations.All patients were finally diagnosed by the nucleic acid test."}, {"pmid": 32516478, "title": "Severe bleeding in a patient with Factor XIII deficiency and COVID-19.", "journal": "Haemophilia", "authors": ["Quintavalle, Gabriele", "Coppola, Antonio", "Ruggieri, Alessandro", "Franca Rivolta, Gianna", "Fronti, Elisa", "Giangregorio, Francesco", "Michieletti, Emanuele", "Tagliaferri, Annarita"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516478", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak in last December of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Wuhan, China, scientific literature is providing essential contributions to elucidate the pathophysiological and clinical features of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).1 Consistent evidence shows that COVID-19 is associated with significant changes in coagulation laboratory testing, mainly prolonged prothrombin time and elevated D-dimer.2."}, {"pmid": 32303492, "title": "A European roadmap out of the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["McKee, Martin"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303492", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492188, "title": "A case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an untreated HIV patient in Tokyo, Japan.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Nakamoto, Takato", "Kutsuna, Satoshi", "Yanagawa, Yasuaki", "Kanda, Kouhei", "Okuhama, Ayako", "Akiyama, Yutaro", "Miyazato, Yusuke", "Ide, Satoshi", "Nakamura, Keiji", "Yamamoto, Kei", "Ohmagari, Norio"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492188", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a 28-year-old male co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; COVID-19) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). His clinical course of the COVID-19 pneumonia improved smoothly in 9 days; however, his immune status from HIV infection was not well-controlled due to a lack of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The HIV-1 viral load decreased during the acute phase and subsequently increased in the recovery phase. Antiretroviral therapy was given a month after the twice non-detections of SARS-CoV-2 to avoid immune reconstitution syndrome (IRIS). Previous reports suggest COVID-19 do not become more severe in untreated HIV patients than non-HIV patients. However, untreated HIV patients with COVID-19 should be followed up carefully for IRIS with ART. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32461490, "title": "Sustaining academics during COVID-19 pandemic: The role of online teaching-learning.", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Kaup, Soujanya", "Jain, Rashmi", "Shivalli, Siddharudha", "Pandey, Suresh", "Kaup, Soumya"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425328, "pmcid": "PMC7229739", "title": "Cardiovascular implications of the COVID-19 pandemic: a global perspective.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Boukhris, Marouane", "Hillani, Ali", "Moroni, Francesco", "Annabi, Mohamed Salah", "Addad, Faouzi", "Ribeiro, Marcelo Harada", "Mansour, Samer", "Zhao, Xiaohui", "Ybarra, Luiz Fernando", "Abbate, Antonio", "Vilca, Luz Maria", "Azzalini, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425328", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), represents the pandemic of the century, with approximately 3.5 million cases and 250,000 deaths worldwide as of May 2020. Although respiratory symptoms usually dominate the clinical presentation, COVID-19 is now known to also have potentially serious cardiovascular consequences, including myocardial injury, myocarditis, acute coronary syndromes, pulmonary embolism, stroke, arrhythmias, heart failure, and cardiogenic shock. The cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 might be related to the adrenergic drive, systemic inflammatory milieu and cytokine-release syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2, direct viral infection of myocardial and endothelial cells, hypoxia due to respiratory failure, electrolytic imbalances, fluid overload, and side effects of certain COVID-19 medications. COVID-19 has profoundly reshaped usual care of both ambulatory and acute cardiac patients, by leading to the cancellation of elective procedures and by reducing the efficiency of existing pathways of urgent care, respectively. Decreased utilization of healthcare services for acute conditions by non-COVID-19 patients has also been reported and attributed to concerns about acquiring in-hospital infection. Innovative approaches that leverage modern technologies to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic have been introduced, which include telemedicine, dissemination of educational material over social media, smartphone apps for case tracking, and artificial intelligence for pandemic modelling, among others. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the pathophysiology and cardiovascular implications of COVID-19, its impact on existing pathways of care, the role of modern technologies to tackle the pandemic, and a proposal of novel management algorithms for the most common acute cardiac conditions."}, {"pmid": 32529418, "title": "The Potential Role of Smartphone-Based Microfluidic Systems for Rapid Detection of COVID-19 Using Saliva Specimen.", "journal": "Mol Diagn Ther", "authors": ["Farshidfar, Nima", "Hamedani, Shahram"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529418", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251767, "pmcid": "PMC7127386", "title": "Remdesivir, lopinavir, emetine, and homoharringtonine inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro.", "journal": "Antiviral Res", "authors": ["Choy, Ka-Tim", "Wong, Alvina Yin-Lam", "Kaewpreedee, Prathanporn", "Sia, Sin Fun", "Chen, Dongdong", "Hui, Kenrie Pui Yan", "Chu, Daniel Ka Wing", "Chan, Michael Chi Wai", "Cheung, Peter Pak-Hang", "Huang, Xuhui", "Peiris, Malik", "Yen, Hui-Ling"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251767", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An escalating pandemic by the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus is impacting global health and effective therapeutic options are urgently needed. We evaluated the in vitro antiviral effect of compounds that were previously reported to inhibit coronavirus replication and compounds that are currently under evaluation in clinical trials for SARS-CoV-2 patients. We report the antiviral effect of remdesivir, lopinavir, homorringtonine, and emetine against SARS-CoV-2 virus in Vero E6 cells with the estimated 50% effective concentration at 23.15\u00a0\u03bcM, 26.63\u00a0\u03bcM, 2.55\u00a0\u03bcM and 0.46\u00a0\u03bcM, respectively. Ribavirin or favipiravir that are currently evaluated under clinical trials showed no inhibition at 100\u00a0\u03bcM. Synergy between remdesivir and emetine was observed, and remdesivir at 6.25\u00a0\u03bcM in combination with emetine at 0.195\u00a0\u03bcM may achieve 64.9% inhibition in viral yield. Combinational therapy may help to reduce the effective concentration of compounds below the therapeutic plasma concentrations and provide better clinical benefits."}, {"pmid": 32255483, "pmcid": "PMC7184343", "title": "Before the Flood.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Pergam, Steven A"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255483", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32246890, "title": "Medical masks vs N95 respirators for preventing COVID-19 in healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.", "journal": "Influenza Other Respir Viruses", "authors": ["Bartoszko, Jessica J", "Farooqi, Mohammed Abdul Malik", "Alhazzani, Waleed", "Loeb, Mark"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246890", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory protective devices are critical in protecting against infection in healthcare workers at high risk of novel 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19); however, recommendations are conflicting and epidemiological data on their relative effectiveness against COVID-19 are limited. To compare medical masks to N95 respirators in preventing laboratory-confirmed viral infection and respiratory illness including coronavirus specifically in healthcare workers. MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL from January 1, 2014, to March 9, 2020. Update of published search conducted from January 1, 1990, to December 9, 2014. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the protective effect of medical masks to N95 respirators in healthcare workers. Reviewer pair independently screened, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias and the certainty of the evidence. Four RCTs were meta-analyzed adjusting for clustering. Compared with N95 respirators; the use of medical masks did not increase laboratory-confirmed viral (including coronaviruses) respiratory infection (OR 1.06; 95% CI 0.90-1.25; I2 \u00a0=\u00a00%; low certainty in the evidence) or clinical respiratory illness (OR 1.49; 95% CI: 0.98-2.28; I2 \u00a0=\u00a078%; very low certainty in the evidence). Only one trial evaluated coronaviruses separately and found no difference between the two groups (P\u00a0=\u00a0.49). Indirectness and imprecision of available evidence. Low certainty evidence suggests that medical masks and N95 respirators offer similar protection against viral respiratory infection including coronavirus in healthcare workers during non-aerosol-generating care. Preservation of N95 respirators for high-risk, aerosol-generating procedures in this pandemic should be considered when in short supply."}, {"pmid": 32188776, "pmcid": "PMC7203928", "title": "Journal Flexibility in the Troubling Times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Plant Cell", "authors": ["Meyers, Blake", "Baxter, Ivan", "Blatt, Mike", "Sweetlove, Lee", "Daniell, Henry", "Lunn, John", "Taylor, Crispin", "Winchester, Nancy"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188776", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452195, "title": "COVID-19 and pregnancy - where are we now? A review.", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Rajewska, Aleksandra", "Mikolajek-Bedner, Wioletta", "Lebdowicz-Knul, Joanna", "Sokolowska, Malgorzata", "Kwiatkowski, Sebastian", "Torbe, Andrzej"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452195", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new acute respiratory disease severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is highly contagious. It has caused many deaths, despite a relatively low general case fatality rate (CFR). The most common early manifestations of infection are fever, cough, fatigue and myalgia. The diagnosis is based on the exposure history, clinical manifestation, laboratory test results, chest computed tomography (CT) findings and a positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) result for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on pregnancy is not already clear. There is no evidence that pregnant women are more susceptible than the general population. In the third trimester, COVID-19 can cause premature rupture of membranes, premature labour and fetal distress. There are no data on complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection before the third trimester. COVID-19 infection is an indication for delivery if necessary to improve maternal oxygenation. Decision on delivery mode should be individualised. Vertical transmission of coronavirus from the pregnant woman to the fetus has not been proven. As the virus is absent in breast milk, the experts encourage breastfeeding for neonatal acquisition of protective antibodies."}, {"pmid": 32381733, "title": "Median-joining network analysis of SARS-CoV-2 genomes is neither phylogenetic nor evolutionary.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["Sanchez-Pacheco, Santiago J", "Kong, Sungsik", "Pulido-Santacruz, Paola", "Murphy, Robert W", "Kubatko, Laura"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381733", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397899, "title": "Simulation as a tool for learning surgical craft in Covid-19 era.", "journal": "Scott Med J", "authors": ["Nabi, Ghulam"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397899", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399719, "pmcid": "PMC7220627", "title": "Involvement of the Nervous System in SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Neurotox Res", "authors": ["Li, Hao", "Xue, Qun", "Xu, Xingshun"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399719", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a severe and highly contagious infectious disease, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic. Several case reports have demonstrated that the respiratory system is the main target in patients with COVID-19, but the disease is not limited to the respiratory system. Case analysis indicated that the nervous system can be invaded by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and that 36.4% of COVID-19 patients had neurological symptoms. Importantly, the involvement of the CNS may be associated with poor prognosis and disease worsening. Here, we discussed the symptoms and evidence of nervous system involvement (directly and indirectly) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and possible mechanisms. CNS symptoms could be a potential indicator of poor prognosis; therefore, the prevention and treatment of CNS symptoms are also crucial for the recovery of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32389845, "pmcid": "PMC7205638", "title": "Coronavirus 2019 and health systems affected by protracted conflict: The case of Syria.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Abbara, Aula", "Rayes, Diana", "Fahham, Ola", "Alhiraki, Omar Alrashid", "Khalil, Munzer", "Alomar, Abdulrahman", "Tarakji, Ahmad"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389845", "countries": ["Syrian Arab Republic"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Two thirds of countries globally are unprepared to respond to a health emergency as per the International Health Regulations (2005), with conflict-affected countries like Syria being particularly vulnerable. Political influences on outbreak preparedness, response and reporting may also adversely affect control of SARS-CoV-2 in Syria. Syria reported its first case on 22 March 2020; however, concerns were raised that this was delayed and that underreporting continues. Syria's conflict has displaced more than half of its pre-war population, leaving 6.7 million people internally displaced. The consequent overcrowding - with insufficient water, sanitation and healthcare (including laboratory capacity) - could lead to conditions that are ideal for spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Syria. Political changes have led to the formation of at least three health systems within Syria's borders, each with its own governance, capacity and planning. This fragmentation, with little interaction between them, could lead to poor resource allocation and adversely affect control. As such, COVID-19 could overwhelm the health systems (particularly intensive care capacity), leading to high deaths across the population, particularly for the most vulnerable such as detainees. Locally implementable interventions that rapidly build WASH and health system capacity are required across Syria to ensure early detection and management of COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32279701, "pmcid": "PMC7170917", "title": "Development of a protective device for RT-PCR testing SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Tsuchida, Tomoya", "Fujitani, Shigeki", "Yamasaki, Yukitaka", "Kunishima, Hiroyuki", "Matsuda, Takahide"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279701", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394693, "title": "Safety of antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs prolonging QT interval in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: an opinion of the Heart Rhythm Section of the Polish Cardiac Society.", "journal": "Kardiol Pol", "authors": ["Biernacka, Elzbieta K", "Kosior, Dariusz A", "Zienciuk-Krajka, Agnieszka", "Miszczak-Knecht, Maria", "Kempa, Maciej", "Przybylski, Andrzej"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394693", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327003, "pmcid": "PMC7218184", "title": "Just the Facts: Protected code blue - Cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the emergency department during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["McIsaac, Sarah", "Wax, Randy S", "Long, Brit", "Hicks, Christopher", "Vaillancourt, Christian", "Ohle, Robert", "Atkinson, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327003", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emergency medical services (EMS) is called for a 65-year-old man with a 1-week history of cough, fever, and mild shortness of breath now reporting chest pain. Vitals on scene were HR 110, BP 135/90, SpO2 88% on room air. EMS arrives at the emergency department (ED). As the patient is moved to a negative pressure room, he becomes unresponsive with no palpable pulse. What next steps should be discussed in order to protect the team and achieve the best possible patient outcome?"}, {"pmid": 32391520, "pmcid": "PMC7206425", "title": "Placental abruption in a twin pregnancy at 32 weeks' gestation complicated by COVID-19, without vertical transmission to the babies.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Kuhrt, Katy", "McMicking, Jess", "Nanda, Surabhi", "Nelson-Piercy, Catherine", "Shennan, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391520", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329591, "title": "Covid-19 and child disabilities: whom to protect and how.", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Trabacca, Antonio", "Russo, Luigi"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329591", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306513, "title": "Successful guselkumab treatment in a psoriatic patient affected with Cornelia de Lange syndrome, and prosecution during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Mugheddu, Cristina", "Dell'Antonia, Massimo", "Sanna, Silvia", "Agosta, Daniele", "Atzori, Laura", "Rongioletti, Franco"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306513", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Psychomotor delay and intellectual disability are potential limitations in psoriasis management, due to low compliance, and strict dependence from caregivers intervention. We report our successful experience with a 58-year-old woman, who was genetically affected by Cornelia De Lange syndrome, which causes intellectual disability and psychomotor disorders. The patient had been already treated with topical and traditional therapies, without any clinical benefits. Eventually, she adhered to guselkumab treatment. The compliance was excellent, significant improvements were observed after only 3\u2009months of treatment, without adverse effects. During follow-up, the COVID-19 pandemic address concern on the possible increased risk of infection due to immunosuppression. In agreement with current Italian recommendations, risk and benefits profile was discussed with the patient's legal tutor and the decision to continue the treatment was taken. Psoriasis complete clarification was maintained during the most difficult period of the Italian outbreak, allowing the patient to remain safely at home."}, {"pmid": 32302417, "title": "Laryngeal oedema associated with COVID-19 complicating airway management.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["McGrath, B A", "Wallace, S", "Goswamy, J"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302417", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287082, "pmcid": "PMC7179061", "title": "COVID-19: Financial Stress Test for Academic Medical Centers.", "journal": "Acad Med", "authors": ["Colenda, Christopher C", "Applegate, William B", "Reifler, Burton V", "Blazer, Dan G 2nd"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287082", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is having profound effects on the lives and well-being of the world's population. All levels of the nation's public health and health care delivery systems are rapidly adjusting to secure the health infrastructure to manage the pandemic in the United States. As the nation's safety net health care systems, academic medical centers (AMCs) are vital clinical and academic resources in managing the pandemic. COVID-19 may also risk the financial underpinnings of AMCs because their cost structures are high, and they may have incurred large amounts of debt over the last decade as they expanded their clinical operations and facilities. This Invited Commentary reviews existing data on AMC debt levels; summarizes relief provided in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act; and suggests policy options to help mitigate risk."}, {"pmid": 32220204, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rolf, J Douglass"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220204", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334182, "pmcid": "PMC7194967", "title": "How to improve adherence with quarantine: rapid review of the evidence.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Webster, R K", "Brooks, S K", "Smith, L E", "Woodland, L", "Wessely, S", "Rubin, G J"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334182", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The December 2019 outbreak of coronavirus has once again thrown the vexed issue of quarantine into the spotlight, with many countries asking their citizens to 'self-isolate' if they have potentially come into contact with the infection. However, adhering to quarantine is difficult. Decisions on how to apply quarantine should be based on the best available evidence to increase the likelihood of people adhering to protocols. We conducted a rapid review to identify factors associated with adherence to quarantine during infectious disease outbreaks. The study design is a rapid evidence review. We searched Medline, PsycINFO and Web of Science for published literature on the reasons for and factors associated with adherence to quarantine during an infectious disease outbreak. We found 3163 articles and included 14 in the review. Adherence to quarantine ranged from as little as 0 up to 92.8%. The main factors which influenced or were associated with adherence decisions were the knowledge people had about the disease and quarantine procedure, social norms, perceived benefits of quarantine and perceived risk of the disease, as well as practical issues such as running out of supplies or the financial consequences of being out of work. People vary in their adherence to quarantine during infectious disease outbreaks. To improve this, public health officials should provide a timely, clear rationale for quarantine and information about protocols; emphasise social norms to encourage this altruistic behaviour; increase the perceived benefit that engaging in quarantine will have on public health; and ensure that sufficient supplies of food, medication and other essentials are provided."}, {"pmid": 32372742, "pmcid": "PMC7242771", "title": "Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections: What do we need to know?", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Tan, Caixia", "Xiao, Yuanyuan", "Meng, Xiujuan", "Huang, Xun", "Li, Chunhui", "Wu, Anhua"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372742", "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32178547, "pmcid": "PMC7079301", "title": "Challenges and Countermeasures of Integrative Cancer Therapy in the Epidemic of COVID-19.", "journal": "Integr Cancer Ther", "authors": ["Yang, Geliang", "Zhang, Huiqing", "Yang, Yufei"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32178547", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381594, "pmcid": "PMC7228560", "title": "Call for ensuring cancer care continuity during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "ESMO Open", "authors": ["Tagliamento, Marco", "Lambertini, Matteo", "Genova, Carlo", "Barisione, Emanuela", "De Maria, Andrea", "Grosso, Marco", "Poggio, Francesca", "Vagge, Stefano", "Boccardo, Francesco", "Pronzato, Paolo", "Del Mastro, Lucia"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381594", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355982, "pmcid": "PMC7197581", "title": "Letter: Back Pain and Accesses to Emergency Departments During COVID-19 Lockdown in Italy.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Cofano, Fabio", "Tartara, Fulvio", "Zenga, Francesco", "Penner, Federica", "Lanotte, Michele", "Garbossa, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355982", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249956, "pmcid": "PMC7228372", "title": "Structural variations in human ACE2 may influence its binding with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Hussain, Mushtaq", "Jabeen, Nusrat", "Raza, Fozia", "Shabbir, Sanya", "Baig, Ayesha A", "Amanullah, Anusha", "Aziz, Basma"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249956", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent pandemic of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is unarguably the most fearsome compared with the earlier outbreaks caused by other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Human ACE2 is now established as a receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Where variations in the viral spike protein, in turn, lead to the cross-species transmission of the virus, genetic variations in the host receptor ACE2 may also contribute to the susceptibility and/or resistance against the viral infection. This study aims to explore the binding of the proteins encoded by different human ACE2 allelic variants with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Briefly, coding variants of ACE2 corresponding to the reported binding sites for its attachment with coronavirus spike protein were selected and molecular models of these variants were constructed by homology modeling. The models were then superimposed over the native ACE2 and ACE2-spike protein complex, to observe structural changes in the ACE2 variants and their intermolecular interactions with SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, respectively. Despite strong overall structural similarities, the spatial orientation of the key interacting residues varies in the ACE2 variants compared with the wild-type molecule. Most ACE2 variants showed a similar binding affinity for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as observed in the complex structure of wild-type ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. However, ACE2 alleles, rs73635825 (S19P) and rs143936283 (E329G) showed noticeable variations in their intermolecular interactions with the viral spike protein. In summary, our data provide a structural basis of potential resistance against SARS-CoV-2 infection driven by ACE2 allelic variants."}, {"pmid": 32496899, "title": "The Unique Challenges Faced by Assisted Living Communities to Meet Federal Guidelines for COVID-19.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Dobbs, Debra", "Peterson, Lindsay", "Hyer, Kathryn"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496899", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This perspective addresses the challenges that assisted living (AL) providers face concerning federal guidelines to prevent increased spread of COVID-19. These challenges include restriction of family visitation, use of third-party providers as essential workers, staffing guidelines, transfer policies, and rural AL hospitalizations. To meet these challenges we recommend that AL providers incorporate digital technology to maintain family-resident communication. We also recommend that states adopt protocols that limit the number of AL communities visited by home health care workers in a 14-day period, appeal to the federal government for hazard pay for direct care workers, and to extend the personal care attendant program to AL. It is further recommended that states work with AL communities to implement COVID-19 comprehensive emergency management plans that are well-coordinated with local emergency operation centers to assist with transfers to COVID-19 specific locations and to assist in rural areas with hospital transfers. Together, these recommendations to AL providers and state and federal agencies address the unique structure and needs of AL and would enable AL communities to be better prepared to care for and reduce those infected with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32265036, "pmcid": "PMC7128118", "title": "A British Society of Thoracic Imaging statement: considerations in designing local imaging diagnostic algorithms for the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Nair, A", "Rodrigues, J C L", "Hare, S", "Edey, A", "Devaraj, A", "Jacob, J", "Johnstone, A", "McStay, R", "Denton, Erika", "Robinson, G"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265036", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478708, "title": "Curbing Misinformation and Disinformation in the COVID-19 Era: A View from Cuba.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Alonso-Galban, Patricia", "Alemany-Castilla, Claudia"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478708", "countries": ["Cuba", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 health crisis engulfs the planet, we are sub-merged in a parallel pandemic: the glut of misinformation and disinformation. The data associated with this phenomenon are creating a disaster within a disaster. In early April 2020, the Span-ish news agency EFE[1] reported that over one million internet ac-counts were dedicated to rumor-mongering, spreading unverifi ed information about the coronavirus. From January through April 13, fact-checkers at Maldita.es[2] had tracked over 400 lies and false alerts circulated about COVID-19 in Spain alone."}, {"pmid": 32377709, "pmcid": "PMC7248467", "title": "Obesity a risk factor for increased COVID19 prevalence, severity and lethality (Review).", "journal": "Mol Med Rep", "authors": ["Petrakis, Demetrios", "Margina, Denisa", "Tsarouhas, Konstantinos", "Tekos, Fotios", "Stan, Miriana", "Nikitovic, Dragana", "Kouretas, Demetrios", "Spandidos, Demetrios A", "Tsatsakis, Aristidis"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377709", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs), enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses, are a group of viruses that cause infections in the human respiratory tract, which can be characterized clinically from mild to fatal. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus\u00a02 (SARS\u2011CoV\u20112) is the virus responsible. The global spread of COVID\u201119 can be described as the worst pandemic in humanity in the last century. To date, COVID\u201119 has infected more than 3,000,000\u00a0people worldwide and killed more than 200,000\u00a0people. All age groups can be infected from the virus, but more serious symptoms that can possibly result in death are observed in older people and those with underlying medical conditions such as cardiovascular and pulmonary disease. Novel data report more severe symptoms and even a negative prognosis for the obese patients. A growing body of evidence connects obesity with COVID\u201119 and a number of mechanisms from immune system activity attenuation to chronic inflammation are implicated. Lipid peroxidation creates reactive lipid aldehydes which in a patient with metabolic disorder and COVID\u201119 will affect its prognosis. Finally, pregnancy\u2011associated obesity needs to be studied further in connection to COVID\u201119 as this infection could pose high risk both to pregnant women and the fetus."}, {"pmid": 32502282, "title": "Zooming-Out COVID: Virtual Clinical Experiences in an Emergency Medicine Clerkship.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Chandra, Shruti", "Laoteppitaks, Chaiya", "Mingioni, Nina", "Papanagnou, Dimitrios"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502282", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the setting of the novel 2019 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, it has been challenging to provide medical students in the Emergency Medicine (EM) clerkship meaningful clinical experiences that would meet clinical course goals and objectives, as well as satisfy Liaison Committee for Medical Education (LCME) requirements. During the EM clerkship, students play an integral role in interviewing patients, formulating treatment plans, facilitating patient discharges, and counseling patients. Immediately available direct and indirect supervision are paramount to ensure student learning and safe patient care. The authors present a novel clinical educational experience for senior medical students in an EM clerkship that fulfills specific clinical course learning objectives, while still providing students the opportunity to interact live with patients. We designed a virtual clinical experience where students performed supervised 'virtual callbacks' for patients recently evaluated in the ED. Student feedback on this experience has been positive. Completing the COVID-19 callbacks decreased some of the clinical burden on the department. Patients, too, were grateful for the follow-up."}, {"pmid": 32505069, "pmcid": "PMC7262503", "title": "Hydrogen peroxide and viral infections: A literature review with research hypothesis definition in relation to the current covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Caruso, Arturo Armone", "Del Prete, Antonio", "Lazzarino, Antonio Ivan"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505069", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We reviewed the literature concerning the innate response from nasal and oral epithelial cells and their reaction to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Hydrogen peroxide is produced physiologically by oral bacteria and plays a significant role in the balance of oral microecology since it is an important antimicrobial agent. In the epithelial cells, the enzyme superoxide dismutase catalyzes a reaction leading from hydrogen peroxide to the ion superoxide. The induced oxidative stress stimulates a local innate response via activation of the toll-like receptors and the NF-\u03baB. Those kinds of reactions are also activated by viral infections. Virus-induced oxidative stress plays an important role in the regulation of the host immune system and the specific oxidant-sensitive pathway is one of the effective strategies against viral infections. Therefore, nose/mouth/throat washing with hydrogen peroxide may enhance those local innate responses to viral infections and help protect against the current coronavirus pandemic. We strongly encourage the rapid development of randomized controlled trials in both SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative subjects to test the preliminary findings from the in-vitro and in-vivo observational studies that we identified."}, {"pmid": 32401964, "pmcid": "PMC7196725", "title": "A company doctor's role during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Andrade, Rogerio Muniz de"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401964", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336398, "pmcid": "PMC7180017", "title": "Precaution of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in department of oral and maxillofacial surgery.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Zhao, Zhiguo", "Gao, Dan"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336398", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic of the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection has presented as a critical period. Until February 23th 2020, more than 77 000 cases of 2019-nCoV infection have been confirmed in China, which has a great impact on economy and society. It has also interferred with ordinary medical practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery seriously. In order to protect oral and maxillofacial surgery medical staff from 2019-nCoV infection during the outbreak period, this paper suggests the necessary medical protective measures for oral and maxillofacial surgery outpatient and ward."}, {"pmid": 32475375, "title": "COVID-19 - The Perfect Vector for a Mental Health Epidemic.", "journal": "BJPsych Bull", "authors": ["Hisham, Idura N", "Townsend, Giles", "Gillard, Steve", "Debnath, Brishti", "Sin, Jacqueline"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475375", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326691, "title": "Ticagrelor Can Be an Important Agent in the Treatment of Severe COVID-19 Patients with Myocardial Infarction", "journal": "Balkan Med J", "authors": ["Aksit, Ercan", "Kirilmaz, Bahadir", "Gazi, Emine", "Aydin, Fatih"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326691", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453009, "title": "Dangerous interactions of gastrointestinal drugs with experimental treatments for COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Lankarani, Kamran B"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453009", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342879, "pmcid": "PMC7195260", "title": "COVID-19 and radiation induced pneumonitis: Overlapping clinical features of different diseases.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Ippolito, Edy", "Fiore, Michele", "Greco, Carlo", "D'Angelillo, Rolando Maria", "Ramella, Sara"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342879", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32466862, "pmcid": "PMC7211692", "title": "Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19, a review of the evidence and implications for pandemic management.", "journal": "Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp", "authors": ["Lop Gros, Joan", "Iglesias Coma, Mar", "Gonzalez Farre, Monica", "Serra Pujadas, Consol"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32466862", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is debate as to whether olfactory dysfunction should be considered a symptom of COVID-19 infection. We undertook a systematic literature review of the articles indexed in PubMed on olfactory disorders in viral respiratory tract conditions, with special emphasis on COVID-19. The main objective was to find evidence of clinical interest to support the relationship between anosmia and COVID-19. Olfactory disorders in upper respiratory tract infections are frequent, most caused by obstruction due to oedema of the nasal mucosa. Occasionally, post-viral sensorineural olfactory dysfunction occurs, with a variable prognosis. The evidence on anosmia in COVID-19 patients is extremely limited, corresponding to a level 5 or D of the Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. According to the available evidence, it seems reasonable to apply isolation, hygiene and social distancing measures in patients with recent olfactory disorders as the only symptom, although the usefulness of diagnostic tests for this type of patient should be studied."}, {"pmid": 32380318, "pmcid": "PMC7198409", "title": "Why judiciously timed anti-IL 6 therapy may be of benefit in severe COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Autoimmun Rev", "authors": ["Cunningham, Louise", "Kimber, Ian", "Basketter, David Arthur", "McFadden, John Paul"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380318", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199105, "pmcid": "PMC7269718", "title": "Deciphering the power of isolation in controlling COVID-19 outbreaks.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Niu, Yan", "Xu, Fujie"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199105", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501174, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Workforce Implications for Gerontological Social Work.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Berg-Weger, Marla", "Schroepfer, Tracy"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501174", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has been challenging for people of all ages but particularly devastating to adults 65 and older, which has highlighted the critical need for ensuring that all social workers gain the knowledge and skills necessary to work with this population. While there is a critical shortage of gerontological social workers and we must continue to increase that number, we cannot wait for this to occur. In this commentary, the authors call for infusing the current social work curricula with aging content; providing current social workers with trainings on aging practice; and all social work practitioners, faculty, and researchers to address four specific areas that have gained prominence due to the impact of COVID-19: ageism, loneliness and social isolation, technology, and interprofessional practice, in their respective areas."}, {"pmid": 32518075, "title": "Preparing medical students for a pandemic: a systematic review of student disaster training programmes.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Ashcroft, James", "Byrne, Matthew H V", "Brennan, Peter A", "Davies, Richard Justin"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518075", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify pandemic and disaster medicine-themed training programmes aimed at medical students and to assess whether these interventions had an effect on objective measures of disaster preparedness and clinical outcomes. To suggest a training approach that can be used to train medical students for the current COVID-19 pandemic. 23 studies met inclusion criteria assessing knowledge (n=18, 78.3%), attitude (n=14, 60.9%) or skill (n=10, 43.5%) following medical student disaster training. No studies assessed clinical improvement. The length of studies ranged from 1\u2009day to 28\u2009days, and the median length of training was 2\u2009days (IQR=1-14). Overall, medical student disaster training programmes improved student disaster and pandemic preparedness and resulted in improved attitude, knowledge and skills. 18 studies used pretest and post-test measures which demonstrated an improvement in all outcomes from all studies. Implementing disaster training programmes for medical students improves preparedness, knowledge and skills that are important for medical students during times of pandemic. If medical students are recruited to assist in the COVID-19 pandemic, there needs to be a specific training programme for them. This review demonstrates that medical students undergoing appropriate training could play an essential role in pandemic management and suggests a course and assessment structure for medical student COVID-19 training. The search strategy was not registered on PROSPERO-the international prospective register of systematic reviews-to prevent unnecessary delay."}, {"pmid": 32329525, "pmcid": "PMC7264665", "title": "Characteristics and Palliative Care Needs of COVID-19 Patients Receiving Comfort-Directed Care.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Sun, He", "Lee, Jihae", "Meyer, Benjamin J", "Myers, Ellen L", "Nishikawa, Mia S", "Tischler, Jonah L", "Blinderman, Craig D"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329525", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314950, "title": "Society for Vascular Medicine (SVM) Leaders Respond to the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Vasc Med", "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314950", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404676, "pmcid": "PMC7268834", "title": "A Combined Approach to Priorities of Surgical Oncology During the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Mazzaferro, Vincenzo", "Danelli, Piergiorgio", "Torzilli, Guido", "Busset, Michele Droz Dit", "Virdis, Matteo", "Sposito, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404676", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32421378, "title": "Corrigendum to Canadian Association of Thoracic Radiology/Canadian Association of Radiologists Consensus Statement Regarding Chest Imaging in Suspected and Confirmed COVID-19.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421378", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467031, "pmcid": "PMC7202319", "title": "CSANZ Imaging Council Position Statement on Echocardiography Services During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Heart Lung Circ", "authors": ["Wahi, Sudhir", "Thomas, Liza", "Stanton, Tony", "Taylor, Andrew", "Mahadevan, Devan", "Evans, Geoffrey", "Playford, David", "To, Andrew", "Davis, Mark", "Anderson, Bonita", "Buckley, Belinda"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467031", "countries": ["New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ) Imaging Council Position Statement aims to guide local, regional and national clinical practice, and facilitate resource and echocardiographic service planning appropriately during the current COVID-19 global pandemic. General considerations include workforce arrangements and contingency plans, patient risk assessment for COVID-19 and level of care (personal protective equipment) for staff. Both outpatient and inpatient settings are addressed, including specific considerations in the in-patient setting including scanning protocols, screening modalities and indications for echocardiograms in the context of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32223768, "pmcid": "PMC7211802", "title": "Fast nosocomial spread of SARS-CoV2 in a French geriatric unit Lyon Study Group on Covid-19 infection.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Vanhems, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223768", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lyon Study Group on Covid19 infection (Geriatric section- Alphabetic order): Adrait, A, Benoist F, Castel-Kremer E, Chuzeville M, Dupin AC, Doh S, Kim B, Favrelle L, Hilliquin D, Kanafer N, Marion E, Martin-Gaujard G, Moyenin Y, Paulet-Lafuma H, Ricanet A, Saadatian-Elahi M, Vanhems P."}, {"pmid": 32409438, "title": "Treating acute anxiety in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Khawam, Elias", "Khouli, Hassan", "Pozuelo, Leo"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409438", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, there are no firm guidelines for the treatment of COVID-19-related emotional distress. The current approach is based on our knowledge of how to manage anxiety in medically ill patients, taking into consideration all associated medical comorbidities, drug-drug interactions, and the patient's specific needs and preexisting mental illness. Interventions should be implemented at the bedside to augment the patient's own resiliency in coping with these stressful events. A targeted combination of psychopharmacology (targeting acute anxiety and panic symptoms) and psychotherapy (relaxation techniques, breathing exercises, and encouragement) is recommended."}, {"pmid": 32185863, "pmcid": "PMC7228363", "title": "Crises drive innovation.", "journal": "Colorectal Dis", "authors": ["Gunner, C K", "Oliphant, R", "Watson, A J M"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185863", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406852, "title": "Awareness and preparedness of Field Epidemiology Training Program graduates in the Eastern Mediterranean Region to respond to COVID-19: A cross-section study.", "journal": "JMIR Med Educ", "authors": ["Al Nsour, Mohannad", "Khader, Yousef", "Al Serouri, Abulwahed", "Bashier, Haitham", "Osman, Shahd"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406852", "countries": ["Sudan", "Jordan", "Yemen"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) is a 2-year training program in applied epidemiology. FETP graduates have contributed significantly to improvements in surveillance systems, control of infectious diseases, and outbreak investigations in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Knowing their instrumental roles during the COVID-19 crisis, this study aimed to assess the awareness and preparedness of FETP graduates in three EMR countries to respond to COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey was sent to FETP graduates in 3 countries in the EMR in March 2020. The FETP graduates were contacted by email and requested to fill an online survey. Sufficient number of responses were received from three countries only including Jordan, Sudan, and Yemen. Few responses were received from other countries and therefore they were excluded from the analysis. The questionnaire comprised a series of questions pertaining to socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of the epidemiology of COVID-19, and preparedness to respond to COVID-19. This study included a total of 57 FETP graduates (20 from Jordan, 13 from Sudan, and 24 from Yemen). A total of 31 (54%) graduates had attended training on COVID-19, 29 (51%) are member of a rapid response team against COVID-19 and 54 (95%) had previous experience in response to disease outbreaks or health emergencies. The vast majority were aware of the main symptoms, mode of transmission, high risk groups, and aware of how to use personal protective equipment. A total of 46 (81%) respondents considered themselves well prepared for the COVID-19 outbreak and 40 (70%) reported that they currently have a role in supporting the country efforts in the management of COVID-19 outbreak. The FETP graduates in Jordan, Sudan, and Yemen were fully aware of the epidemiology COVID-19 and the safety measures and they are well positioned to investigate and respond to COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, they should be properly and efficiently utilized by the ministries of health to investigate and respond to the current COVID-19 crisis where the needs are vastly growing and access to outside experts becomes limited. "}, {"pmid": 32478569, "title": "Reply to \"Critical Review of the Literature on Chest CT and Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Data Adjustment\".", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Raptis, Constantine A", "Hammer, Mark M", "Henry, Travis S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478569", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32346157, "title": "Five ways that Trump is undermining environmental protections under the cover of coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tollefson, Jeff"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346157", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219625, "pmcid": "PMC7100508", "title": "Preliminary Recommendations for Surgical Practice of Neurosurgery Department in the Central Epidemic Area of 2019 Coronavirus Infection.", "journal": "Curr Med Sci", "authors": ["Tan, Yu-Tang", "Wang, Jun-Wen", "Zhao, Kai", "Han, Lin", "Zhang, Hua-Qiu", "Niu, Hong-Quan", "Shu, Kai", "Lei, Ting"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219625", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed significant threats to the public health and life in China. Unlike the other 6 identified coronaviruses, the SARS-Cov-2 has a high infectious rate, a long incubation period and a variety of manifestations. In the absence of effective treatments for the virus, it becomes extremely urgent to develop scientific and standardized proposals for prevention and control of virus transmission. Hereby we focused on the surgical practice in Neurosurgery Department, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, and drafted several recommendations based on the latest relevant guidelines and our experience. These recommendations have helped us until now to achieve 'zero infection' of doctors and nurses in our department, we would like to share them with other medical staff of neurosurgery to fight 2019-nCoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32520659, "title": "Considerations for the Use of Respiratory Filters in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Surg Infect (Larchmt)", "authors": ["Trujillo, Alexander", "Jaramillo Rincon, Sandra Ximena"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520659", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527342, "title": "[Clinical characteristics and risk factors of acute kidney injury in coronavirus disease 2019].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Zhang, Jiahao", "Li, Juan", "Su, Lianjiu", "Yang, Jie", "Jiang, Xiaofang", "Jiang, Nanhui", "Lei, Yu", "He, Li", "Lu, Qiaofa", "Shen, Sanying", "Chen, Fan", "Peng, Zhiyong"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527342", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the characteristics and the risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated acute kidney injury (AKI). A retrospective cohort study was performed to examine the basic data, clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with COVID-19 in Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and Wuhan Fourth Hospital from January 1st to February 1st in 2020. According to the diagnostic criteria of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO), patients with AKI were included in AKI group and those without AKI were included in non-AKI group. The differences of each index between the two groups were compared. The prognostic value of AKI for COVID-19 was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve and Cox regression. A total of 394 COVID-19 patients were included, with a total mortality of 5.6%; 37 (9.4%) of them developed AKI. The mortality of patients with COVID-19 associated AKI was 18.9%. There were significant differences in age, gender, smoking history, hypertension history, malignancy history, cardiovascular disease history and cerebrovascular disease history between the two groups. In addition to the difference of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NEU), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reaction protein (CRP) in AKI group were significantly higher than those in non-AKI group [WBC (\u00d7109/L): 5.75 (4.13, 7.83) vs. 4.52 (3.35, 5.90), NEU (\u00d7109/L): 4.55 (2.81, 6.11) vs. 3.06 (2.03, 4.50), AST (U/L): 40.0 (24.5, 69.5) vs. 30.0 (23.0, 42.5), LDH (\u03bcmol\u00d7s-1\u00d7L-1): 5.21 (3.68, 7.57) vs. 4.24 (3.05, 5.53), D-dimer (\u03bcg/L): 456 (266, 2 172) vs. 290 (152, 610), PCT (\u03bcg/L): 0.33 (0.03, 1.52) vs. 0.01 (0.01, 0.11), CRP (mg/L): 53.80 (26.00, 100.90) vs. 23.60 (9.25, 51.10), all P < 0.05], while lymphocyte count (LYM) and platelet count (PLT) were decreased [LYM (\u00d7109/L): 0.68 (0.47, 1.05) vs. 0.91 (0.63, 1.25), PLT (\u00d7109/L): 142.0 (118.0, 190.0) vs. 171.0 (130.0, 2 190.0), both P < 0.05]. The mortality of AKI group was significantly higher than that of non-AKI group [18.9% (7/37) vs. 4.2% (15/357), P < 0.01]. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the 30-day cumulative survival of AKI group was lower than that of non-AKI group (log-rank: P = 0.003). Cox analysis also showed that AKI increased the odds of patients with COVID-19 mortality by 3.2-fold [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.208, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 1.076-9.566, P = 0.037]. The risk of AKI is higher in patients with COVID-19. Early intervention to prevent AKI in patients with COVID-19 is of great significance to improve the prognosis of patients."}, {"pmid": 32449639, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR: at least 2 viral targets are needed.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Farfour, Eric", "Jolly, Emilie", "Pascreau, Tiffany", "Asso-Bonnet, Marianne", "Mazaux, Laurence", "Vasse, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449639", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212930, "title": "COVID-19, Risk, Fear, and Fall-out.", "journal": "Med Anthropol", "authors": ["Manderson, Lenore", "Levine, Susan"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212930", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358131, "title": "Vetlife Financial Support grant.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358131", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Members of the veterinary community may be finding it tough to make ends meet as the social restrictions imposed to help combat Covid-19 affect their ability to earn a living. Vetlife Honorary Secretary Elaine Garvican explains that Vetlife Financial Support can provide assistance to veterinary surgeons experiencing financial hardship."}, {"pmid": 32305309, "pmcid": "PMC7151295", "title": "Strategic plan for management in oral and maxillofacial surgery during COVID-19 epidemic.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Zeng, Liujun", "Su, Tong", "Huang, Long"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305309", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502581, "pmcid": "PMC7264937", "title": "COVID-19 and non-traditional mask use: How do various materials compare in reducing the infection risk for mask wearers?", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Wilson, Amanda M", "Abney, Sarah E", "King, Marco-Felipe", "Weir, Mark H", "Lopez-Garcia, Martin", "Sexton, Jonathan D", "Dancer, Stephanie J", "Proctor, Jessica", "Noakes, Catherine J", "Reynolds, Kelly A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502581", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339700, "pmcid": "PMC7195284", "title": "Recommendations for phototherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Lim, Henry W", "Feldman, Steven R", "Van Voorhees, Abby S", "Gelfand, Joel M"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341008, "title": "Doctors' deaths from covid-19 should be reported to the coroner.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Agius, Raymond M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341008", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222253, "pmcid": "PMC7201125", "title": "COVID-19: lessons from the Italian reproductive medical experience.", "journal": "Fertil Steril", "authors": ["La Marca, Antonio", "Niederberger, Craig", "Pellicer, Antonio", "Nelson, Scott M"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222253", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32162081, "pmcid": "PMC7080075", "title": "Chest computed tomography in children with COVID-19 respiratory infection.", "journal": "Pediatr Radiol", "authors": ["Li, Wei", "Cui, Huaqian", "Li, Kunwei", "Fang, Yijie", "Li, Shaolin"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32162081", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Infection with COVID-19 is currently rare in children. To describe chest CT findings in children with COVID-19. We studied children at a large tertiary-care hospital in China, during the period from 28 January 2019 to 8 February 2020, who had positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for COVID-19. We recorded findings at any chest CT performed in the included children, along with core clinical observations. We included five children from 10\u00a0months to 6\u00a0years of age (mean 3.4\u00a0years). All had had at least one CT scan after admission. Three of these five had CT abnormality on the first CT scan (at 2\u00a0days, 4\u00a0days and 9\u00a0days, respectively, after onset of symptoms) in the form of patchy ground-glass opacities; all normalised during treatment. Compared to reports in adults, we found similar but more modest lung abnormalities at CT in our small paediatric cohort."}, {"pmid": 32401474, "title": "Human Rights and Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "JBRA Assist Reprod", "authors": ["Valerio, Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401474", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32317411, "title": "Responding to COVID-19 pandemic: Why a strong health system is required.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Dikid, Tanzin", "Chaudhary, Sushma", "Goel, Kapil", "Padda, Preeti", "Sahu, Rajesh", "Kumar, Tripurari", "Jain, S K", "Singh, S K", "Narain, Jai Prakash"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317411", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281754, "title": "[Managing patients in dialysis and with kidney transplant infected with Covid-19].", "journal": "G Ital Nefrol", "authors": ["Alberici, Federico", "Del Barba, Elisa", "Manenti, Chiara", "Econimo, Laura", "Valerio, Francesca", "Pola, Alessandra", "Maffei, Camilla", "Possenti, Stefano", "Gaggia, Paola", "Movilli, Ezio", "Bove, Sergio", "Malberti, Fabio", "Farina, Marco", "Bracchi, Martina", "Costantino, Ester Maria", "Bossini, Nicola", "Gaggiotti, Mario", "Scolari, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281754", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are in the midst of a health emergency that is totally new for us all and that requires a concerted effort, especially when it comes to safeguarding patients on hemodialysis, and kidney transplant recipients. Brescia is currently a very active cluster of infections (2918 cases on the 17/03/2020), second only to Bergamo. The way our structure is organised has allowed us to treat nephropathic patients directly within the Nephrology Unit, following of course a great deal of reshuffling; at the moment, we are treating 21 transplanted patients and 17 on hemodialysis. This has led us to adopt a systematic approach to handling this emergency, not only in managing inpatients, but also in researching the new disease. Our approach is mirrored in the guidelines attached to this article, originally intended for internal use only but potentially very useful to our colleagues, as they face the same exact problems. We have also started collecting data on our positive patients with the aim of understanding better the functioning of this disease and how best to manage it. If anyone is interested, we ask you to please get in touch with us, so we can coordinate our efforts."}, {"pmid": 32473504, "pmcid": "PMC7247986", "title": "Strategy of using personal protective equipment during aerosol generating medical procedures with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Zhang, Mingzhu", "Zheng, Hui", "Wang, Jingping"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473504", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442308, "title": "The Clinical Features and Outcomes of Discharged Coronavirus Disease 2019 PatientsA Prospective Cohort Study.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Wang, Xingyu", "Xu, Hao", "Jiang, Haini", "Wang, Liuming", "Lu, Chao", "Wei, Xiang", "Liu, Jihong", "Xu, Shuyun"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442308", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a global pandemic but the follow-up data of discharged patients was barely described. To investigate clinical outcomes, distribution of quarantine locations, and the infection status of the contacts of COVID-19 patients after discharge. A prospective cohort study. Demographics, baseline characteristics of 131 COVID-19 patients discharged from February 3 to 21, 2020 in Wuhan, China were collected and analyzed by reviewing the medical records retrospectively. Post-hospitalization data related to clinical outcomes, quarantine locations and close contact history were obtained by following up the patients every week up to 4 weeks. 53 (40.05%) patients on discharge had cough (29.01%), fatigue (7.63%), expectoration (6.11%), chest tightness (6.11%), dyspnea (3.82%), chest pain (3.05%), and palpitation (1.53%). These symptoms constantly declined in 4 weeks post discharge. Transient fever recurred in 11 (8.4%) patients. 78 (59.5%) discharged patients underwent chest CT and 2 (1.53%) showed deterioration. 94 (71.8%) patients received SARS-CoV-2 retest and 8 (6.10%) reported positive. 7 (2.29%) patients were re-admitted because of fever or positive SARS-CoV-2 retest. 121 (92.37%) and 4 (3.05%) patients were self-quarantined at home or community spots following discharge, with totally 167 closely contacted persons free of COVID-19 at the endpoint of study. The majority of COVID-19 patients after discharge were in the course of recovery. Readmission was required in rare cases due to suspected recurrence of COVID-19. Although no contacted infection observed, appropriate self-quarantine and regular reexamination are necessary, particularly for those who have recurred symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32284379, "title": "Novel Ionophores Active against La Crosse Virus Identified through Rapid Antiviral Screening.", "journal": "Antimicrob Agents Chemother", "authors": ["Sandler, Zachary J", "Firpo, Mason R", "Omoba, Oreoluwa S", "Vu, Michelle N", "Menachery, Vineet D", "Mounce, Bryan C"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32284379", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Bunyaviruses are significant human pathogens, causing diseases ranging from hemorrhagic fevers to encephalitis. Among these viruses, La Crosse virus (LACV), a member of the California serogroup, circulates in the eastern and midwestern United States. While LACV infection is often asymptomatic, dozens of cases of encephalitis are reported yearly. Unfortunately, no antivirals have been approved to treat LACV infection. Here, we developed a method to rapidly test potential antivirals against LACV infection. From this screen, we identified several potential antiviral molecules, including known antivirals. Additionally, we identified many novel antivirals that exhibited antiviral activity without affecting cellular viability. Valinomycin, a potassium ionophore, was among our top targets. We found that valinomycin exhibited potent anti-LACV activity in multiple cell types in a dose-dependent manner. Valinomycin did not affect particle stability or infectivity, suggesting that it may preclude virus replication by altering cellular potassium ions, a known determinant of LACV entry. We extended these results to other ionophores and found that the antiviral activity of valinomycin extended to other viral families, including bunyaviruses (Rift Valley fever virus, Keystone virus), enteroviruses (coxsackievirus, rhinovirus), flavirivuses (Zika virus), and coronaviruses (human coronavirus 229E [HCoV-229E] and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV [MERS-CoV]). In all viral infections, we observed significant reductions in virus titer in valinomycin-treated cells. In sum, we demonstrate the importance of potassium ions to virus infection, suggesting a potential therapeutic target to disrupt virus replication."}, {"pmid": 32395038, "pmcid": "PMC7211653", "title": "Development of New Hybrid Model of Discrete Wavelet Decomposition and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Models in Application to One Month Forecast the Casualties Cases of COVID-19.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Singh, Sarbjit", "Parmar, Kulwinder Singh", "Kumar, Jatinder", "Makkhan, Sidhu Jitendra Singh"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395038", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Everywhere around the globe, the hot topic of discussion today is the ongoing and fast-spreading coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2). Earlier detected in Wuhan, Hubei province, in China in December 2019, the deadly virus engulfed China and some neighboring countries, which claimed thousands of lives in February 2020. The proposed hybrid methodology involves the application of discreet wavelet decomposition to the dataset of deaths due to COVID-19, which splits the input data into component series and then applying an appropriate econometric model to each of the component series for making predictions of death cases in future. ARIMA models are well known econometric forecasting models capable of generating accurate forecasts when applied on wavelet decomposed time series. The input dataset consists of daily death cases from most affected five countries by COVID-19, which is given to the hybrid model for validation and to make one month ahead prediction of death cases. These predictions are compared with that obtained from an ARIMA model to estimate the performance of prediction. The predictions indicate a sharp rise in death cases despite various precautionary measures taken by governments of these countries."}, {"pmid": 32442256, "title": "Predicting infectious SARS-CoV-2 from diagnostic samples.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Bullard, Jared", "Dust, Kerry", "Funk, Duane", "Strong, James E", "Alexander, David", "Garnett, Lauren", "Boodman, Carl", "Bello, Alexander", "Hedley, Adam", "Schiffman, Zachary", "Doan, Kaylie", "Bastien, Nathalie", "Li, Yan", "Van Caeseele, Paul G", "Poliquin, Guillaume"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442256", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "RT-PCR has become the primary method to diagnose viral diseases, including SARS-CoV-2. RT-PCR detects RNA, not infectious virus, thus its ability to determine duration of infectivity of patients is limited. Infectivity is a critical determinant in informing public health guidelines/interventions. Our goal was to determine the relationship between E gene SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values from respiratory samples, symptom onset to test (STT) and infectivity in cell culture. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we took SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR confirmed positive samples and determined their ability to infect Vero cell lines. Ninety RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 positive samples were incubated on Vero cells. Twenty-six samples (28.9%) demonstrated viral growth. Median TCID50/ml was 1780 (282-8511). There was no growth in samples with a Ct > 24 or STT > 8 days. Multivariate logistic regression using positive viral culture as a binary predictor variable, STT and Ct demonstrated an odds ratio for positive viral culture of 0.64 (95% CI 0.49-0.84, p<0.001) for every one unit increase in Ct. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for Ct vs. positive culture was OR 0.91 (95% CI 0.85-0.97, p<0.001), with 97% specificity obtained at a Ct of >24. SARS-CoV-2 Vero cell infectivity was only observed for RT-PCR Ct < 24 and STT < 8 days. Infectivity of patients with Ct >24 and duration of symptoms >8 days may be low. This information can inform public health policy and guide clinical, infection control and occupational health decisions. Further studies of larger size are needed."}, {"pmid": 32376592, "pmcid": "PMC7167317", "title": "[Tracheal intubation in patients with severe and critical COVID-19: analysis of 18 cases].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Wang, Jiafang", "Lu, Fan", "Zhou, Mingxing", "Qi, Zhong", "Chen, Zhijun"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376592", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with severe or critical coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) receiving tracheal intubation. We analyzed clinical characteristics of 18 severely or critically ill patients with COVID-19 undergoing tracheal intubation. The general demographic and clinical data of the patients including their age, gender, pre- intubation state of consciousness and the ventilation mode were recorded. The anesthesiologists performing the tracheal intubation procedure evaluated and recorded the tracheal intubation conditions of the patients. The changes in the vital signs of the patients before anesthesia induction and after intubation were recorded. The average ages of these patients were 70.39\u00b18.02 years. Fifteen patients (83.33%) received non- invasive ventilation before tracheal intubation, and 13 patients (72.22%) were conscious before tracheal intubation. After induction of anesthesia, the blood pressure and heart rate of the patients decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Most of the patients (94.44%) were in excellent or good conditions for tracheal intubation, and the first-attempt success rate of tracheal intubation was 100%. Five patients died within 3 weeks following the intubation. Tracheotomy was performed in one patient. Twelve patients were still on endotracheal mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit, and one of them received ECMO treatment due to poor oxygenation. A total of 16 experienced anesthesiologists participated in tracheal intubation, all with third-level protection during the operation, and no medical staff infection has been detected so far. For patients with severe and critical COVID-19 and indications of tracheal intubation, we recommend early intubation with invasive respiratory support to improve the treatment efficacy and reduce the mortality. Anesthetic agents should be used carefully during tracheal intubation to ensure patients' safety. The medical staff should have a high-level protection during the intubation to maximally ensure their safety."}, {"pmid": 32368928, "title": "Can Chest CT Features Distinguish Patients With Negative From Those With Positive Initial RT-PCR Results for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19)?", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Chen, Dandan", "Jiang, Xinqing", "Hong, Yong", "Wen, Zhihui", "Wei, Shuquan", "Peng, Guangming", "Wei, Xinhua"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368928", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to explore the value of CT in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pneumonia, especially for patients who have negative initial results of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia from January 19, 2020, to February 20, 2020, were included. All patients underwent chest CT and swab RT-PCR tests within 3 days. Patients were divided into groups with negative (seven patients) and positive (14 patients) initial RT-PCR results. The imaging findings in both groups were recorded and compared. RESULTS. Twenty-one patients with symptoms (nine men, 12 women; age range, 26-90 years) were evaluated. Most of the COVID-19 lesions were located in multiple lobes (67%) in both lungs (72%) in our study. The main CT features were ground-glass opacity (95%) and consolidation (72%) with a subpleural distribution (100%). Otherwise, 33% of patients had other lesions around the bronchovascular bundle. The other CT features included air bronchogram (57%), vascular enlargement (67%), interlobular septal thickening (62%), and pleural effusions (19%). Compared with that in the group with positive initial RT-PCR results, CT of the group with negative initial RT-PCR results was less likely to show pulmonary consolidation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION. The less pulmonary consolidation found at CT, the greater is the possibility of negative initial RT-PCR results. Chest CT is important in the screening of patients in whom disease is clinically suspected, especially those who have negative initial RT-PCR results."}, {"pmid": 32525803, "title": "The patient-urologist relationship in the COVID-19 era and beyond.", "journal": "Can Urol Assoc J", "authors": ["Patel, Hiren V", "Srivastava, Arnav", "Tabakin, Alexandra L", "Jang, Thomas L", "Singer, Eric A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525803", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471251, "title": "Strengthening the Immune System and Reducing Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Diet and Nutrition: Considerations during the COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Nutrients", "authors": ["Iddir, Mohammed", "Brito, Alex", "Dingeo, Giulia", "Fernandez Del Campo, Sofia Sosa", "Samouda, Hanen", "La Frano, Michael R", "Bohn, Torsten"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) was announced as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Challenges arise concerning how to optimally support the immune system in the general population, especially under self-confinement. An optimal immune response depends on an adequate diet and nutrition in order to keep infection at bay. For example, sufficient protein intake is crucial for optimal antibody production. Low micronutrient status, such as of vitamin A or zinc, has been associated with increased infection risk. Frequently, poor nutrient status is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which in turn can impact the immune system. Dietary constituents with especially high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity include vitamin C, vitamin E, and phytochemicals such as carotenoids and polyphenols. Several of these can interact with transcription factors such as NF-kB and Nrf-2, related to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, respectively. Vitamin D in particular may perturb viral cellular infection via interacting with cell entry receptors (angiotensin converting enzyme 2), ACE2. Dietary fiber, fermented by the gut microbiota into short-chain fatty acids, has also been shown to produce anti-inflammatory effects. In this review, we highlight the importance of an optimal status of relevant nutrients to effectively reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, thereby strengthening the immune system during the COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32363133, "pmcid": "PMC7195610", "title": "The Inadequacy of Regulatory Frameworks in Time of Crisis and in Low-Resource Settings: Personal Protective Equipment and COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Technol (Berl)", "authors": ["Pecchia, Leandro", "Piaggio, Davide", "Maccaro, Alessia", "Formisano, Claudio", "Iadanza, Ernesto"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363133", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic is plaguing the world and representing the most significant stress test for many national healthcare systems and services, since their foundation. The supply-chain disruption and the unprecedented request for intensive care unit (ICU) beds have created in Europe conditions typical of low-resources settings. This generated a remarkable race to find solutions for the prevention, treatment and management of this disease which is involving a large amount of people. Every day, new Do-It-Yourself (DIY) solutions regarding personal protective equipment and medical devices populate social media feeds. Many companies (e.g., automotive or textile) are converting their traditional production to manufacture the most needed equipment (e.g., respirators, face shields, ventilators etc.). In this chaotic scenario, policy makers, international and national standards bodies, along with the World Health Organization (WHO) and scientific societies are making a joint effort to increase global awareness and knowledge about the importance of respecting the relevant requirements to guarantee appropriate quality and safety for patients and healthcare workers. Nonetheless, ordinary procedures for testing and certification are currently questioned and empowered with fast-track pathways in order to speed-up the deployment of new solutions for COVID-19. This paper shares critical reflections on the current regulatory framework for the certification of personal protective equipment. We hope that these reflections may help readers in navigating the framework of regulations, norms and international standards relevant for key personal protective equipment, sharing a subset of tests that should be deemed essential even in a period of crisis."}, {"pmid": 32343340, "pmcid": "PMC7197572", "title": "Letter: Neurosurgical Management of Spinal Pathology Via Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Early Experience and Unique Challenges.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Greven, Alexander C M", "Rich, Christopher W", "Malcolm, James G", "Bray, David P", "Rodts, Gerald E", "Refai, Daniel", "Gary, Matthew F"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343340", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444400, "pmcid": "PMC7248130", "title": "COVID-19 and the nicotinic cholinergic system.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Farsalinos, Konstantinos", "Angelopoulou, Athina", "Alexandris, Nikos", "Poulas, Konstantinos"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444400", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416290, "pmcid": "PMC7235603", "title": "Immediate psychological distress in quarantined patients with COVID-19 and its association with peripheral inflammation: A mixed-method study.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Guo, Qian", "Zheng, Yuchen", "Shi, Jia", "Wang, Jijun", "Li, Guanjun", "Li, Chunbo", "Fromson, John A", "Xu, Yong", "Liu, Xiaohua", "Xu, Hua", "Zhang, Tianhong", "Lu, Yunfei", "Chen, Xiaorong", "Hu, Hao", "Tang, Yingying", "Yang, Shuwen", "Zhou, Han", "Wang, Xiaoliang", "Chen, Haiying", "Wang, Zhen", "Yang, Zongguo"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416290", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the end of 2019, Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been the cause of a worldwide pandemic. The mental status of patients with COVID-19 who have been quarantined and the interactions between their psychological distress and physiological levels of inflammation have yet to be analyzed. Using a mixed-method triangulation design (QUAN\u00a0+\u00a0QUAL), this study investigated and compared the mental status and inflammatory markers of 103 patients who, while hospitalized with mild symptoms, tested positive with COVID-19 and 103 matched controls that were COVID-19 negative. The severity of depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) was measured via an on-line survey. Using a convenience sampling technique, qualitative data were collected until the point of data saturation. In addition, a semi-structured interview was conducted among five patients with COVID-19. Peripheral inflammatory markers were also collected in patients, both at baseline and within\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0three days of completing the on-line survey. Results revealed that COVID-19 patients, when compared to non-COVID controls, manifested higher levels of depression (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), anxiety (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), and post-traumatic stress symptoms (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). A gender effect was observed in the score of \"Perceived Helplessness\", the subscale of PSS-10, with female patients showing higher scores compared to male patients (Z\u00a0=\u00a02.56, P\u00a0=\u00a00.010), female (Z\u00a0=\u00a02.37, P\u00a0=\u00a00.018) and male controls (Z\u00a0=\u00a02.87, P\u00a0=\u00a00.004). Levels of CRP, a peripheral inflammatory indicator, correlated positively with the PHQ-9 total score (R\u00a0=\u00a00.37, P\u00a0=\u00a00.003, Spearman's correlation) of patients who presented symptoms of depression. Moreover, the change of CRP level from baseline inversely correlated with the PHQ-9 total score (R\u00a0=\u00a0-0.31, P\u00a0=\u00a00.002), indicative of improvement of depression symptoms. Qualitative analysis revealed similar results with respect to patient reports of negative feelings, including fear, guilt, and helplessness. Stigma and uncertainty of viral disease progression were two main concerns expressed by COVID-19 patients. Our results indicate that significant psychological distress was experienced by hospitalized COVID-19 patients and that levels of depressive features may be related to the inflammation markers in these patients. Thus, we recommend that necessary measures should be provided to address depression and other psychiatric symptoms for COVID-19 patients and attention should be paid to patient perceived stigma and coping strategies when delivering psychological interventions."}, {"pmid": 32376453, "pmcid": "PMC7196558", "title": "COVID-19 diagnoses in South East London peaked before the UK suggesting early measures reduced transmission.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Aylwin, Simon J B", "Patel, Amit S", "Post, Frank A"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376453", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519118, "title": "[Ocular post-mortem findings in patients having died from COVID-19].", "journal": "Ophthalmologe", "authors": ["Loffler, Karin U", "Reinhold, Aja", "Herwig-Carl, Martina C", "Tzankov, Alexandar", "Holz, Frank G", "Scholl, Hendrik P N", "Meyer, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519118", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362425, "pmcid": "PMC7177129", "title": "COVID-19: Anesthesia Management Recommendations.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Herman, Jared A", "Urits, Ivan", "Kaye, Alan D", "Urman, Richard D", "Viswanath, Omar"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362425", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330531, "pmcid": "PMC7172673", "title": "Managing Urology Consultations During COVID-19 Pandemic: Application of a Structured Care Pathway.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Borchert, Alex", "Baumgarten, Lee", "Dalela, Deepansh", "Jamil, Marcus", "Budzyn, Jeffrey", "Kovacevic, Natalija", "Yaguchi, Grace", "Palma-Zamora, Isaac", "Perkins, Sara", "Bazzi, Mahdi", "Wong, Phil", "Sood, Akshay", "Peabody, James", "Rogers, Craig G", "Dabaja, Ali", "Atiemo, Humphrey"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe and evaluate a risk-stratified triage pathway for inpatient urology consultations during the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic. This pathway seeks to outline a urology patient care strategy that reduces the transmission risk to both healthcare providers and patients, reduces the healthcare burden, and maintains appropriate patient care. Consultations to the urology service during a 3-week period (March 16 to April 2, 2020) were triaged and managed via one of 3 pathways: Standard, Telemedicine, or High-Risk. Standard consults were in-person consults with non COVID-19 patients, High-Risk consults were in-person consults with COVID-19 positive/suspected patients, and Telemedicine consults were telephonic consults for low-acuity urologic issues in either group of patients. Patient demographics, consultation parameters and consultation outcomes were compared to consultations from the month of March 2019. Categorical variables were compared using Chi-square test and continuous variables using Mann-Whitney U test. A P value <.05 was considered significant. Between March 16 and April 2, 2020, 53 inpatient consultations were performed. By following our triage pathway, a total of 19/53 consultations (35.8%) were performed via Telemedicine with no in-person exposure, 10/53 consultations (18.9%) were High-Risk, in which we strictly controlled the urology team member in-person contact, and the remainder, 24/53 consultations (45.2%), were performed as Standard in-person encounters. COVID-19 associated consultations represented 18/53 (34.0%) of all consultations during this period, and of these, 8/18 (44.4%) were managed successfully via Telemedicine alone. No team member developed COVID-19 infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, most urology consultations can be managed in a patient and physician safety-conscious manner, by implementing a novel triage pathway."}, {"pmid": 32344450, "pmcid": "PMC7267486", "title": "Student engagement in a public health initiative in response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Villela, Edlaine Faria de Moura", "de Oliveira, Fabio Morato", "Leite, Sabrina Toffoli", "Bollela, Valdes Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344450", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217113, "pmcid": "PMC7270569", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and pregnancy.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Dashraath, Pradip", "Wong, Jing Lin Jeslyn", "Lim, Mei Xian Karen", "Lim, Li Min", "Li, Sarah", "Biswas, Arijit", "Choolani, Mahesh", "Mattar, Citra", "Su, Lin Lin"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217113", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading globally at an accelerated rate, with a basic reproduction number (R0) of 2-2.5, indicating that 2-3 persons will be infected from an index patient. A serious public health emergency, it is particularly deadly in vulnerable populations and communities in which healthcare providers are insufficiently prepared to manage the infection. As of March 16, 2020, there are more than 180,000 confirmed cases of COVID-19 worldwide, with more than 7000 related deaths. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been isolated from asymptomatic individuals, and affected patients continue to be infectious 2 weeks after cessation of symptoms. The substantial morbidity and socioeconomic impact have necessitated drastic measures across all continents, including nationwide lockdowns and border closures. Pregnant women and their fetuses represent a high-risk population during infectious disease outbreaks. To date, the outcomes of 55 pregnant women infected with COVID-19 and 46 neonates have been reported in the literature, with no definite evidence of vertical transmission. Physiological and mechanical changes in pregnancy increase susceptibility to infections in general, particularly when the cardiorespiratory system is affected, and encourage rapid progression to respiratory failure in the gravida. Furthermore, the pregnancy bias toward T-helper 2 (Th2) system dominance, which protects the fetus, leaves the mother vulnerable to viral infections, which are more effectively contained by the Th1 system. These unique challenges mandate an integrated approach to pregnancies affected by SARS-CoV-2. Here we present a review of COVID-19 in pregnancy, bringing together the various factors integral to the understanding of pathophysiology and susceptibility, diagnostic challenges with real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, therapeutic controversies, intrauterine transmission, and maternal-fetal complications. We discuss the latest options in antiviral therapy and vaccine development, including the novel use of chloroquine in the management of COVID-19. Fetal surveillance, in view of the predisposition to growth restriction and special considerations during labor and delivery, is addressed. In addition, we focus on keeping frontline obstetric care providers safe while continuing to provide essential services. Our clinical service model is built around the principles of workplace segregation, responsible social distancing, containment of cross-infection to healthcare providers, judicious use of personal protective equipment, and telemedicine. Our aim is to share a framework that can be adopted by tertiary maternity units managing pregnant women in the flux of a pandemic while maintaining the safety of the patient and healthcare provider at its core."}, {"pmid": 32504266, "pmcid": "PMC7273121", "title": "Clinical implications of COVID-19 in patients with chronic liver disease and liver tumor.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Gambato, Martina", "Burra, Patrizia"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504266", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379115, "pmcid": "PMC7219834", "title": "What's Important: Weathering the COVID-19 Crisis: Time for Leadership, Vigilance, and Unity.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Halawi, Mohamad J", "Wang, Daniel D", "Hunt, Thomas R 3rd"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379115", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32336625, "pmcid": "PMC7172677", "title": "Coronavirus outbreak: Reorganising the breast unit during a pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Joseph, Anokha O", "Joseph, Janso P", "Pereira, Bernadette", "Gahir, Jasdeep"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336625", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462344, "pmcid": "PMC7251798", "title": "Adapting Substance Use Treatment for HIV Affected Communities During COVID-19: Comparisons Between a Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) Clinic and a Local Community Based Organization.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Rogers, Brooke G", "Arnold, Trisha", "Schierberl Scherr, Anna", "Strong, Sabrina H", "Holcomb, Rich", "Daley Ndoye, Colleen", "Pinkston, Megan", "Chan, Philip A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462344", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32034659, "pmcid": "PMC7090771", "title": "Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: experts' consensus statement.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Shen, Kunling", "Yang, Yonghong", "Wang, Tianyou", "Zhao, Dongchi", "Jiang, Yi", "Jin, Runming", "Zheng, Yuejie", "Xu, Baoping", "Xie, Zhengde", "Lin, Likai", "Shang, Yunxiao", "Lu, Xiaoxia", "Shu, Sainan", "Bai, Yan", "Deng, Jikui", "Lu, Min", "Ye, Leping", "Wang, Xuefeng", "Wang, Yongyan", "Gao, Liwei"], "date": "2020-02-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32034659", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus infection (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan City, China, by January 30, 2020, a total of 9692 confirmed cases and 15,238 suspected cases have been reported around 31 provinces or cities in China. Among the confirmed cases, 1527 were severe cases, 171 had recovered and been discharged at home, and 213 died. And among these cases, a\u00a0total of 28 children aged from 1\u00a0month to 17\u00a0years have been reported in China. For standardizing prevention and management of 2019-nCoV infections in children, we called up an experts' committee to formulate this experts' consensus statement. This statement is based on the Novel Coronavirus Infection Pneumonia Diagnosis and Treatment Standards (the fourth edition) (National Health Committee) and other previous diagnosis and treatment strategies for pediatric virus infections. The present consensus statement summarizes current strategies on diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019-nCoV infection in children."}, {"pmid": 32496938, "title": "A case report of serious haemolysis in a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient COVID-19 patient receiving hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Maillart, E", "Leemans, S", "Van Noten, H", "Vandergraesen, T", "Mahadeb, B", "Salaouatchi, M T", "De Bels, D", "Clevenbergh, P"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496938", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the COVID-19 epidemic occurred since December 2019, as of end April 2020, no treatment has been validated or invalidated by accurate clinical trials. Use of hydroxychloroquine has been popularised on mass media and put forward as a valid treatment option without strong evidence of efficacy. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has its own side effects, some of which are very serious like acute haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient patients. Side effects may be worse than the disease itself. Belgian national treatment guidelines recommend the use of HCQ in mild to severe COVID-19 disease. As opinions, politics, media and beliefs are governing COVID-19 therapy, performance of randomised controlled blinded clinical trials became difficult. Results of sound clinical trials are eagerly awaited. We report a case of acute haemolysis leading to admission in intensive care unit and renal failure in a patient with uncovered G6PD deficiency."}, {"pmid": 32438729, "title": "Investigation of the Impact of Infrared Sensors on Core Body Temperature Monitoring by Comparing Measurement Sites.", "journal": "Sensors (Basel)", "authors": ["Chen, Hsuan-Yu", "Chen, Andrew", "Chen, Chiachung"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438729", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many types of thermometers have been developed to measure body temperature. Infrared thermometers (IRT) are fast, convenient and ease to use. Two types of infrared thermometers are uses to measure body temperature: tympanic and forehead. With the spread of COVID-19 coronavirus, forehead temperature measurement is used widely to screen people for the illness. The performance of this type of device and the criteria for screening are worth studying. This study evaluated the performance of two types of tympanic infrared thermometers and an industrial infrared thermometer. The results showed that these infrared thermometers provide good precision. A fixed offset between tympanic and forehead temperature were found. The measurement values for wrist temperature show significant offsets with the tympanic temperature and cannot be used to screen fevers. The standard operating procedure (SOP) for the measurement of body temperature using an infrared thermometer was proposed. The suggestion threshold for the forehead temperature is 36 \u00b0C for screening of fever. The body temperature of a person who is possibly ill is then measured using a tympanic infrared thermometer for the purpose of a double check."}, {"pmid": 32483288, "pmcid": "PMC7262489", "title": "Containment of a traceable COVID-19 outbreak among healthcare workers at a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation unit.", "journal": "Bone Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Buchtele, N", "Rabitsch, W", "Knaus, H A", "Wohlfarth, P"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345852, "pmcid": "PMC7202110", "title": "COVID-19 and One Lung Ventilation.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Tryphonopoulos, Peter", "McFaul, Colleen", "Gagne, Sylvain", "Moffett, Stephane", "Byford, Larry", "Thompson, Calvin"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518135, "title": "Paediatric treatment trials for COVID-19 are an ethical imperative.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Gwee, Amanda", "Boast, Alison", "Osowicki, Joshua", "Steer, Andrew C", "Coghlan, Simon"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518135", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32181904, "pmcid": "PMC7228327", "title": "Under the epidemic situation of COVID-19, should special attention to pregnant women be given?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Jiao, Jian"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181904", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376653, "title": "Covid-19: Projections of mortality in the US rise as states open up.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376653", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347027, "pmcid": "PMC7188962", "title": "Acute Hyperglycemic Crises with Coronavirus Disease-19: Case Reports.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab J", "authors": ["Kim, Na Young", "Ha, Eunyeong", "Moon, Jun Sung", "Lee, Yong Hoon", "Choi, Eun Young"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347027", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first case was contracted by coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in Daegu, Korea in February 2020, about 6,800 cases and 130 deaths have been reported on April 9, 2020. Recent studies have reported that patients with diabetes showed higher mortality and they had a worse prognosis than the group without diabetes. In poorly controlled patients with diabetes, acute hyperglycemic crises such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) also might be precipitated by COVID-19. Thus, intensive monitoring and aggressive supportive care should be needed to inadequately controlled patients with diabetes and COVID-19 infection. Here, we report two cases of severe COVID-19 patients with acute hyperglycemic crises in Korea."}, {"pmid": 32354760, "title": "Covid-19: pandemic healthcare centres should have already existed.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Sharma, Neel", "Anderson, Diana"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354760", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393088, "title": "Response to Wang et al., Virtual Reality as a Bridge in Palliative Care during COVID-19 (DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2020.0212).", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Niki, Kazuyuki", "Okamoto, Yoshiaki", "Ueda, Mikiko"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393088", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215365, "pmcid": "PMC7061893", "title": "A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: implications and policy recommendations.", "journal": "Gen Psychiatr", "authors": ["Qiu, Jianyin", "Shen, Bin", "Zhao, Min", "Wang, Zhen", "Xie, Bin", "Xu, Yifeng"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215365", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic emerged in Wuhan, China, spread nationwide and then onto half a dozen other countries between December 2019 and early 2020. The implementation of unprecedented strict quarantine measures in China has kept a large number of people in isolation and affected many aspects of people's lives. It has also triggered a wide variety of psychological problems, such as panic disorder, anxiety and depression. This study is the first nationwide large-scale survey of psychological distress in the general population of China during the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32522666, "title": "How nicotine can inhibit cytokine storm in the lungs and prevent or lessen the severity of COVID-19 infection?", "journal": "Immunol Lett", "authors": ["Kloc, Malgorzata", "Ghobrial, Rafik M", "Kubiak, Jacek Z"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522666", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Statistical surveys of COVID-19 patients indicate, against all common logic, that people who smoke are less prone to the infection and/or exhibit less severe respiratory symptoms than non-smokers. This suggests that nicotine may have some preventive or modulatory effect on the inflammatory response in the lungs. Because it is known that the response to, and resolution of the SARS-CoV-2 infection depends mainly on the lung macrophages, we discuss the recent scientific findings, which may explain why and how nicotine may modulate lung macrophage response during COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32505073, "pmcid": "PMC7263251", "title": "Oral cancer and periodontal disease increase the risk of COVID 19? A mechanism mediated through furin and cathepsin overexpression.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Madapusi Balaji, Thodur", "Varadarajan, Saranya", "Rao, U S Vishal", "Raj, A Thirumal", "Patil, Shankaragouda", "Arakeri, Gururaj", "Brennan, Peter A"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505073", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464409, "pmcid": "PMC7236730", "title": "The temperature and regional climate effects on communitarian COVID-19 contagion in Mexico throughout phase 1.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Mendez-Arriaga, Fabiola"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464409", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the close relationship between the incidence of infectious diseases by epidemics and environmental conditions, this research explores the temperature, evaporation, precipitation and regional climate effects on the local transmission of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 inside 31 states and capital of Mexico since February 29 (national onset) to March 31, 2020. Statistical analysis was conducted to explore the association between the daily local COVID-19 confirmed positive cases (LCPC) and both climate characteristics and the daily weather reported by the regional meteorological stations. In this work, the local transmission ratio (LTR) was calculated with the regional LCPC divided by the number of the effective contagion days since regional onset in each state. The results showed a negative association between temperature (mean, max and min) and climate classification with both LCPC and LTR variables. The precipitation associated positively with LCPC and LTR. The associations between the climate classification with LCPC and LTR are statistically significant. The tropical climate (mean temperature around 25.95\u202f\u00b0C and mean precipitation around 8.74\u202fmm) delayed the regional onset. However, the regional onset in dry climates emerged earlier as consequence of the lower temperatures and higher precipitations (20.57\u202f\u00b0C and 20.87\u202fmm respectively) than the observed in the tropical climate. The fastest regional onsets were observed in tempered climates in states where the lowest temperatures and lowest precipitations were registered (19.65\u202f\u00b0C and 8.48\u202fmm respectively). Meteorological factors influenced the trend on the regional outbreaks in Mexican's states likely by the host predisposition and susceptibility during the cold winter season. In Mexico, the climate characteristics played a crucial role on the local infection during the phase 1 being the tempered regions (as Michoac\u00e1n, Jalisco, Puebla, etc.) more vulnerable than the dry (as Chihuahua, Durango or Zacatecas, etc.) or tropical areas (as Colima, Campeche, Morelos etc.)."}, {"pmid": 32435920, "pmcid": "PMC7239605", "title": "Lithium's antiviral effects: a potential drug for CoViD-19 disease?", "journal": "Int J Bipolar Disord", "authors": ["Murru, Andrea", "Manchia, Mirko", "Hajek, Tomas", "Nielsen, Rene E", "Rybakowski, Janusz K", "Sani, Gabriele", "Schulze, Thomas G", "Tondo, Leonardo", "Bauer, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435920", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its introduction in modern medicine, naturalistic observations emerged about possible uses of lithium treatment for conditions different from recurring affective disorders, for which it is still a first-line treatment option. Some evidence about the antiviral properties of lithium began in the early 1970s, when some reports found a reduction of labial-herpetic recurrences. The present review aims to present most of the pre-clinical and clinical evidence about lithium's ability to inhibit DNA and RNA viruses, including Coronaviridae, as well as the possible pathways and mechanisms involved in such antiviral activity. Despite a broad number of in vitro studies, the rationale for the antiviral activity of lithium failed to translate into methodologically sound clinical studies demonstrating its antiviral efficacy. In addition, the tolerability of lithium as an antiviral agent should be addressed. In fact, treatment with lithium requires continuous monitoring of its serum levels in order to prevent acute toxicity and long-term side effects, most notably affecting the kidney and thyroid. Yet lithium reaches heterogeneous but bioequivalent concentrations in different tissues, and the anatomical compartment of the viral infection might underpin a different, lower need for tolerability concerns which need to be addressed. Lithium presents a clear antiviral activity demonstrated at preclinical level, but that remains to be confirmed in clinical settings. In addition, the pleiotropic mechanisms of action of lithium may provide an insight for its possible use as antiviral agent targeting specific pathways."}, {"pmid": 32312363, "title": "[Clinical features of children with SARS-CoV-2 infection: an analysis of 115 cases].", "journal": "Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Ma, Yao-Ling", "Xia, Sheng-Ying", "Wang, Min", "Zhang, Si-Min", "DU, Wen-Hui", "Chen, Qiong"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312363", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To study the clinical features of children with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 115 children who were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Wuhan Children's Hospital, including general information, history of close contact with individuals of SARS-CoV-2 infection, early clinical symptoms, laboratory examination results, and lung CT results. Among the 115 children, there were 73 boys (63.5%) and 42 girls (36.5%), with a male/female ratio of 1:0.58. Of the 115 children, 105 (91.3%) had a definite history of close contact with individuals of SARS-CoV-2-infection. An increase in alanine aminotransferase was observed in 11 children (9.6%) and an increase in CK-MB was found in 34 children (29.6%). As for clinical symptoms, 29 children (25.2%) had fever, 47 (40.9%) had respiratory symptoms (including cough, rhinorrhea, and nasal congestion), and 61 (53.0%) were asymptomatic. Lung CT findings showed ground glass opacity, fiber opacities, patchy changes, and pulmonary consolidation in 49 children (42.6%), among whom 2 children had \"white lung\"; 39 children (33.9%) only had lung texture enhancement and 27 children (23.5%) had no pulmonary imaging changes. Among the 115 children, 3 were critically ill, among whom 1 had been cured and the other 2 were under continuous treatment. Most of the children with SARS-CoV-2 infection have a close contact history. Critical cases are rare and there is a high proportion of asymptomatic infection."}, {"pmid": 32534320, "title": "Spatial analysis and GIS in the study of COVID-19. A review.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Franch-Pardo, Ivan", "Napoletano, Brian M", "Rosete-Verges, Fernando", "Billa, Lawal"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534320", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study entailed a review of 63 scientific articles on geospatial and spatial-statistical analysis of the geographical dimension of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The diversity of themes identified in this paper can be grouped into the following categories of disease mapping: spatiotemporal analysis, health and social geography, environmental variables, data mining, and web-based mapping. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of COVID-19 is essential for its mitigation, as it helps to clarify the extent and impact of the pandemic and can aid decision making, planning and community action. Health geography highlights the interaction of public health officials, affected actors and first responders to improve estimations of disease propagation and likelihoods of new outbreaks. Attempts at interdisciplinary correlation examine health policy interventions for the siting of health/sanitary services and controls, mapping/tracking of human movement, formulation of appropriate scientific and political responses and projection of spatial diffusion and temporal trends. This review concludes that, to fight COVID-19, it is important to face the challenges from an interdisciplinary perspective, with proactive planning, international solidarity and a global perspective. This review provides useful information and insight that can support future bibliographic queries, and also serves as a resource for understanding the evolution of tools used in the management of this major global pandemic of the 21 Century. It is hoped that its findings will inspire new reflections on the COVID-19 pandemic by readers."}, {"pmid": 32398780, "pmcid": "PMC7216860", "title": "The role of the exposome in promoting resilience or susceptibility after SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol", "authors": ["Naughton, Sean X", "Raval, Urdhva", "Harary, Joyce M", "Pasinetti, Giulio M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398780", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463084, "title": "Letter: Using Continuous Intracranial Electroencephalography Monitoring to Manage Epilepsy Patients During COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Mirro, Emily A", "Halpern, Casey H"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322146, "pmcid": "PMC7173638", "title": "Aerosolization of COVID-19 and Contamination Risks During Respiratory Treatments.", "journal": "Fed Pract", "authors": ["Benge, Cassandra D", "Barwise, John Alan"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322146", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aerosolized medications are frequently administered across the health care continuum to acutely ill patients. During viral pandemics, the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advise the application of airborne precautions when performing aerosol-generating medical procedures, such as aerosolized medications. Appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including fit-tested particulate respirators should be worn when administering nebulized medications to patients. These PPEs have been in short supply in the US during early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, which is increasing the risk faced by health care workers (HCWs) who are treating patients using aerosolized medications. Despite taking appropriate precautions, HCWs are becoming infected with COVID-19. This may be related to secondary exposure related to viral longevity in fugitive emissions and viability on fomites. We have expanded on non-US public health recommendations to provide guidance to frontline HCWs to enhance collaboration between clinicians, who are often siloed in their clinical practices, and ultimately to protect the federal workforce, which cannot sustain a significant loss of frontline HCWs."}, {"pmid": 32302376, "pmcid": "PMC7184498", "title": "Erratum to: COVID-19 Through the Lens of Gerontology.", "journal": "J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci", "authors": ["Le Couteur, David G", "Anderson, Rozalyn M", "Newman, Anne B"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302376", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497344, "title": "COVID-19 presenting with immune thrombocytopenia: a case report and review of the literature.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Murt, Ahmet", "Eskazan, Ahmet Emre", "Yilmaz, Umut", "Ozkan, Tuba", "Ar, Muhlis Cem"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497344", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may be associated with thrombocytopenia which might have different mechanisms in different patients and in different phases of the disease. Cytokine release, thrombotic consumption or autoimmune destruction are some leading etiologies of thrombocytopenia in COVID-19. This case report presents a 41-year-old male COVID-19 patient who had petechiae and purpura as the referral symptoms. Laboratory tests revealed isolated thrombocytopenia with no other additional pathologic findings. Most probable diagnosis was COVID-19 induced immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment generated a good response. There were four other recent publications with a total of eight cases in the literature. The presented case was discussed in comparison with those similar cases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32238336, "pmcid": "PMC7124951", "title": "Global Telemedicine Implementation and Integration Within Health Systems to Fight the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Call to Action.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Ohannessian, Robin", "Duong, Tu Anh", "Odone, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238336", "countries": ["Italy", "United Kingdom", "France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic, with over 720,000 cases reported in more than 203 countries as of 31 March. The response strategy included early diagnosis, patient isolation, symptomatic monitoring of contacts as well as suspected and confirmed cases, and public health quarantine. In this context, telemedicine, particularly video consultations, has been promoted and scaled up to reduce the risk of transmission, especially in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Based on a literature review, the first conceptual framework for telemedicine implementation during outbreaks was published in 2015. An updated framework for telemedicine in the COVID-19 pandemic has been defined. This framework could be applied at a large scale to improve the national public health response. Most countries, however, lack a regulatory framework to authorize, integrate, and reimburse telemedicine services, including in emergency and outbreak situations. In this context, Italy does not include telemedicine in the essential levels of care granted to all citizens within the National Health Service, while France authorized, reimbursed, and actively promoted the use of telemedicine. Several challenges remain for the global use and integration of telemedicine into the public health response to COVID-19 and future outbreaks. All stakeholders are encouraged to address the challenges and collaborate to promote the safe and evidence-based use of telemedicine during the current pandemic and future outbreaks. For countries without integrated telemedicine in their national health care system, the COVID-19 pandemic is a call to adopt the necessary regulatory frameworks for supporting wide adoption of telemedicine."}, {"pmid": 32298467, "pmcid": "PMC7262236", "title": "The use of UV fluorescent powder for COVID-19 airway management simulation training.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Gardiner, C", "Veall, J", "Lockhart, S"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298467", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322397, "pmcid": "PMC7175902", "title": "Potential use of hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin and azithromycin drugs in fighting COVID-19: trends, scope and relevance.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Choudhary, Renuka", "Sharma, Anil K", "Choudhary, Renuka"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322397", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Alarming situation has been caused due to the emergence of COVID-19 infection around the world. There is an urgency of developing a therapeutic strategy in order to control the spread of COVID-19. Towards that initiative, potential drugs like hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin and azithromycin have been tested by diverse group of researchers worldwide for their potential against novel coronavirus. The present report presents together the comprehensive knowledge derived from the major researches about the above drugs altogether in context of the current health emergency around the world. Hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin were known to act by creating the acidic environment and inhibiting the importin (IMP\u03b1/\u03b21) mediated viral import. Azithromycin was found to act similar to the hydroxychloroquine as an acidotropic lipophilic weak base. All the three categories of drugs seemed to potentially act against novel coronavirus infection. However, their efficacies need to be studied in detail individually and in combination in-vivo in order to combat COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32157783, "pmcid": "PMC7228204", "title": "COVID-19 and psoriasis: Is it time to limit treatment with immunosuppressants? A call for action.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Conforti, Claudio", "Giuffrida, Roberta", "Dianzani, Caterina", "Di Meo, Nicola", "Zalaudek, Iris"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32157783", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341630, "pmcid": "PMC7179067", "title": "Tackling Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) in Workplaces.", "journal": "Indian J Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Ramesh, Naveen", "Siddaiah, Archana", "Joseph, Bobby"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341630", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are zoonotic viruses and six species of Coronaviruses are known to cause human disease such as cause common cold, severe acute respiratory syndrome and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. In January 2020, scientists in Wuhan, China isolated a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), responsible for an outbreak of unknown pneumonia that had not been previously reported among humans. This virus spreads from person to person, through respiratory droplets, close contact, and by touching surfaces or objects contaminated by the virus. The incubation period varies between 2 days and 14 days. Symptoms usually include fever, cough, difficulty in breathing, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome. Older age and co-morbid conditions increase the fatality. Any person with a history of travel to and from COVID-19 affected countries in the past 14 days or any person who has had close contact with a laboratory confirmed COVID-19 are suspect cases and needs evaluation. Currently no vaccine is available and treatment is mainly supportive. Measures at workplace should include- avoiding non-essential travel, identifying and isolating sick employees at the earliest, hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, environmental hygiene and social distancing."}, {"pmid": 32364127, "pmcid": "PMC7180371", "title": "Acute stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ictus Madrid Program recommendations.", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Rodriguez-Pardo, J", "Fuentes, B", "Alonso de Lecinana, M", "Campollo, J", "Calleja Castano, P", "Carneado Ruiz, J", "Egido Herrero, J", "Garcia Leal, R", "Gil Nunez, A", "Gomez Cerezo, J F", "Martin Martinez, A", "Masjuan Vallejo, J", "Palomino Aguado, B", "Riera Lopez, N", "Simon de Las Heras, R", "Vivancos Mora, J", "Diez Tejedor, E"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364127", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in complete saturation of healthcare capacities, making it necessary to reorganise healthcare systems. In this context, we must guarantee the provision of acute stroke care and optimise code stroke protocols to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and rationalise the use of hospital resources. The Madrid Stroke multidisciplinary group presents a series of recommendations to achieve these goals. We conducted a non-systematic literature search using the keywords \"stroke\" and \"COVID-19\" or \"coronavirus\" or \"SARS-CoV-2.\" Our literature review also included other relevant studies known to the authors. Based on this literature review, a series of consensus recommendations were established by the Madrid Stroke multidisciplinary group and its neurology committee. These recommendations address 5 main objectives: 1) coordination of action protocols to ensure access to hospital care for stroke patients; 2) recognition of potentially COVID-19-positive stroke patients; 3) organisation of patient management to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare professionals; 4) avoidance of unnecessary neuroimaging studies and other procedures that may increase the risk of infection; and 5) safe, early discharge and follow-up to ensure bed availability. This management protocol has been called CORONA (Coordinate, Recognise, Organise, Neuroimaging, At home). The recommendations presented here may assist in the organisation of acute stroke care and the optimisation of healthcare resources, while ensuring the safety of healthcare professionals."}, {"pmid": 32345594, "title": "Patients with Cancer Appear More Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2: A Multicenter Study during the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Cancer Discov", "authors": ["Dai, Mengyuan", "Liu, Dianbo", "Liu, Miao", "Zhou, Fuxiang", "Li, Guiling", "Chen, Zhen", "Zhang, Zhian", "You, Hua", "Wu, Meng", "Zheng, Qichao", "Xiong, Yong", "Xiong, Huihua", "Wang, Chun", "Chen, Changchun", "Xiong, Fei", "Zhang, Yan", "Peng, Yaqin", "Ge, Siping", "Zhen, Bo", "Yu, Tingting", "Wang, Ling", "Wang, Hua", "Liu, Yu", "Chen, Yeshan", "Mei, Junhua", "Gao, Xiaojia", "Li, Zhuyan", "Gan, Lijuan", "He, Can", "Li, Zhen", "Shi, Yuying", "Qi, Yuwen", "Yang, Jing", "Tenen, Daniel G", "Chai, Li", "Mucci, Lorelei A", "Santillana, Mauricio", "Cai, Hongbing"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345594", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel COVID-19 outbreak has affected more than 200 countries and territories as of March 2020. Given that patients with cancer are generally more vulnerable to infections, systematic analysis of diverse cohorts of patients with cancer affected by COVID-19 is needed. We performed a multicenter study including 105 patients with cancer and 536 age-matched noncancer patients confirmed with COVID-19. Our results showed COVID-19 patients with cancer had higher risks in all severe outcomes. Patients with hematologic cancer, lung cancer, or with metastatic cancer (stage IV) had the highest frequency of severe events. Patients with nonmetastatic cancer experienced similar frequencies of severe conditions to those observed in patients without cancer. Patients who received surgery had higher risks of having severe events, whereas patients who underwent only radiotherapy did not demonstrate significant differences in severe events when compared with patients without cancer. These findings indicate that patients with cancer appear more vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. SIGNIFICANCE: Because this is the first large cohort study on this topic, our report will provide much-needed information that will benefit patients with cancer globally. As such, we believe it is extremely important that our study be disseminated widely to alert clinicians and patients.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 747."}, {"pmid": 32447059, "pmcid": "PMC7241392", "title": "The Use of Decision Modelling to Inform Timely Policy Decisions on Cardiac Resource Capacity during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Tam, Derrick Y", "Naimark, David", "Natarajan, Madhu K", "Woodward, Graham", "Oakes, Garth", "Rahal, Mirna", "Barrett, Kali", "Khan, Yasin A", "Ximenes, Raphael", "Mac MBiotech, Stephen", "Sander, Beate", "Wijeysundera, Harindra C"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447059", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In Ontario, on March 16th, 2020, a directive was issued to all acute care hospitals to halt non-essential procedures in anticipation for a potential surge in COVID-19 patients. This included scheduled outpatient cardiac surgical and interventional procedures that required the use of intensive care units, ventilators, and skilled critical care personnel, given that these procedures would draw from the same pool of resources required for critically ill COVID-19 patients. We adapted the COVID-19 Resource Estimator (CORE) decision analytic model by adding a cardiac component to determine the impact of various policy decisions on the incremental waitlist growth and estimated waitlist mortality for three key groups of cardiovascular disease patients; coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and arrhythmias. We provided predictions based on COVID-19 epidemiology available in real-time, in 3 phases. First, in the initial crisis phase, in a worst case scenario, we showed that the potential number of waitlist related cardiac deaths would be orders of magnitude less than those who would die of COVID-19 if critical cardiac care resources were diverted to the care of COVID-19 patients. Second, with better local epidemiology data, we predicted that across five regions of Ontario, there may be insufficient resources to resume all elective outpatient cardiac procedures. Finally in the recovery phase, we showed that the estimated incremental growth in waitlist for all cardiac procedures is likely substantial. These outputs informed timely, data-driven decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic regarding the provision of cardiovascular care."}, {"pmid": 32292906, "pmcid": "PMC7147194", "title": "The role of afferent pulmonary innervation in poor prognosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID-19 patients and proposed use of resiniferatoxin (RTX) to improve patient outcomes in advanced disease state: A review.", "journal": "Med Drug Discov", "authors": ["Nahama, Alexis", "Ramachandran, Roshni", "Cisternas, Alvaro Francisco", "Ji, Henry"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292906", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute respiratory distress is one of the major causes of mortality associated with COVID-19 disease. Many patients will require intensive care with ventilatory support. Despite progress and best efforts, the mortality rates projected remain high. Historical data outlook points towards 80% expected fatality for patients progressing to advanced pulmonary disease, even when hospitalized in the intensive care unit. This is particularly true among the patient population over 65. Novel life-saving strategies are desperately needed to mitigate the high mortality that will be associated with the late stage SARS-CoV-2 viral infection associated with the fatal respiratory distress. We hypothesize that the morbidity, severity of the disease, and underlying physiological events leading to mortality are closely linked to the TRPV1 expressing neuronal system (afferent/efferent neurons) in the lungs. TRPV1 expressing cells are responsible for pain transmission, inflammation and immunomodulation throughout the entire pulmonary system and are modulating the processes associated with localized cytokine release (storm) and overall rapid disease progression. We suggest that therapeutic approaches targeting TRPV1 containing nerve fibers in the lungs will modulate the inflammatory and immune signal activity, leading to reduced mortality and better overall outcomes. We also propose to further explore the use of resiniferatoxin (RTX), an ultra-potent TRPV1 agonist currently in clinical trials for cancer and osteoarthritis pain, as a possible ablating agent of TRPV1 positive pulmonary pathways in patients with advanced COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32430307, "title": "Covid-19: The US state copying a global health template for contact tracing success.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430307", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392007, "title": "[Respiratory complaints in the time of COVID-19].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Loogman, Masja C M", "de Jong, Nynke", "Platteel, Tamara N", "Bouma, Margriet", "Verheij, Theo J M", "Opstelten, Wim"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392007", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of primary respiratory infections are still useful during the COVID-19 epidemic.Telephone triage of patients with respiratory complaints aims to identify patients with complications or an increased risk of complications.There are no indications to test for SARS-CoV-2 virus in general practice.During this COVID-19 epidemic, protective clothing is recommended in all physical contacts with patients with respiratory complaints.There is no reason to be cautious about using NSAIDs in patients suspected of COVID-19.Amoxicillin is first choice treatment for respiratory infections during the COVID-19 epidemic; there is lack of evidence to support azithromycin as a first choice.Respiratory rate > 24 / min or saturation <92-94% indicate imminent respiratory decompensation and may be reasons for referral."}, {"pmid": 32363143, "pmcid": "PMC7194830", "title": "COVID-19: A case report from Bangladesh perspective.", "journal": "Respir Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Jahan, Yasmin", "Rahman, Sohel", "Rahman, Atiqur"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363143", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 34-year-old man without any significant medical history or comorbidities, suddenly developed fever, and shortness of breath, thereby admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. He had neither a history of traveling to Coronavirus disease (COVID) prone areas nor a direct contact of COVID positive patients. His chest X-ray revealed ground-glass opacity in the right middle and lower zone of the lung. The first polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test on throat and nasal swabs for the COVID upon admission was negative. Based on the chest X-ray result, RT-PCR was done again resulted positive. The patient was primarily treated with chloroquine and azithromycin. On full recovery, he was discharged from the hospital on day 12, after two subsequent throat swab samples tested negative by PCR (24 hours apart). He was encouraged to maintain home quarantine for at least the next 14 days. SARS-CoV-2 RNA by swab remained negative and the blood sample shows the presence of antibody (both IgM and IgG) in his follow-up visit (after 7 days of hospital discharge)."}, {"pmid": 32473642, "pmcid": "PMC7261036", "title": "Ivermectin, a new candidate therapeutic against SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob", "authors": ["Sharun, Khan", "Dhama, Kuldeep", "Patel, Shailesh Kumar", "Pathak, Mamta", "Tiwari, Ruchi", "Singh, Bhoj Raj", "Sah, Ranjit", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J", "Leblebicioglu, Hakan"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473642", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521554, "title": "[Management of Diagnostic Procedures and Treatment of Sleep Related Breathing Disorders in the Context of the Coronavirus Pandemic - German Respiratory Society (DGP)German Sleep Society (DGSM)].", "journal": "Pneumologie", "authors": ["Buchner, N", "Woehrle, H", "Dellweg, D", "Wiater, A", "Young, P", "Hein, H", "Randerath, W"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521554", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359857, "pmcid": "PMC7195076", "title": "A plastic surgery service response to COVID-19 in one of the largest teaching hospitals in Europe.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Armstrong, A", "Jeevaratnam, J", "Murphy, G", "Pasha, M", "Tough, A", "Conway-Jones, R", "Mifsud, R W", "Tucker, S"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359857", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is presenting a colossal challenge to frontline NHS staff. This paper highlights how plastic surgery teams can use their diverse skills and resources in times of crisis. Through effective strategy and leadership we present how we are adapting as a department to serve our plastic surgery patients, other hospital teams and the Trust."}, {"pmid": 32504022, "title": "Coronavirus diaries: taking leave, but not holiday.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tregoning, John"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504022", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363136, "pmcid": "PMC7194921", "title": "Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein RNA binding domain reveals potential unique drug targeting sites.", "journal": "Acta Pharm Sin B", "authors": ["Kang, Sisi", "Yang, Mei", "Hong, Zhongsi", "Zhang, Liping", "Huang, Zhaoxia", "Chen, Xiaoxue", "He, Suhua", "Zhou, Ziliang", "Zhou, Zhechong", "Chen, Qiuyue", "Yan, Yan", "Zhang, Changsheng", "Shan, Hong", "Chen, Shoudeng"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363136", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus continually led to worldwide human infections and deaths. Currently, there is no specific viral protein-targeted therapeutics. Viral nucleocapsid protein is a potential antiviral drug target, serving multiple critical functions during the viral life cycle. However, the structural information of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein remains unclear. Herein, we have determined the 2.7 \u00c5 crystal structure of the N-terminal RNA binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Although the overall structure is similar as other reported coronavirus nucleocapsid protein N-terminal domain, the surface electrostatic potential characteristics between them are distinct. Further comparison with mild virus type HCoV-OC43 equivalent domain demonstrates a unique potential RNA binding pocket alongside the \u03b2-sheet core. Complemented by in vitro binding studies, our data provide several atomic resolution features of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein N-terminal domain, guiding the design of novel antiviral agents specific targeting to SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32303365, "pmcid": "PMC7156242", "title": "Two known therapies could be useful as adjuvant therapy in critical patients infected by COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim", "authors": ["Hernandez, A", "Papadakos, P J", "Torres, A", "Gonzalez, D A", "Vives, M", "Ferrando, C", "Baeza, J"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303365", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pneumonia caused by coronavirus, which originated in Wuhan, China, in late 2019, has been spread around the world already becoming a pandemic. Unfortunately, there is not yet a specific vaccine or effective antiviral drug for treating COVID-19. Many of these patients deteriorate rapidly and require intubation and are mechanically ventilated, which is causing the collapse of the health system in many countries due to lack of ventilators and intensive care beds. In this document we review two simple adjuvant therapies to administer, without side effects, and low cost that could be useful for the treatment of acute severe coronavirus infection associated with acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). VitaminC, a potent antioxidant, has emerged as a relevant therapy due to its potential benefits when administered intravenous. The potential effect of vitaminC in reducing inflammation in the lungs could play a key role in lung injury caused by coronavirus infection. Another potential effective therapy is ozone: it has been extensively studied and used for many years and its effectiveness has been demonstrated so far in multiples studies. Nevertheless, our goal is not to make an exhaustive review of these therapies but spread the beneficial effects themselves. Obviously clinical trials are necessaries, but due to the potential benefit of these two therapies we highly recommended to add to the therapeutic arsenal."}, {"pmid": 32314806, "pmcid": "PMC7264502", "title": "Psychological stress of medical staffs during outbreak of COVID-19 and adjustment strategy.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wu, Wenzhi", "Zhang, Yan", "Wang, Pu", "Zhang, Li", "Wang, Guixiang", "Lei, Guanghui", "Xiao, Qiang", "Cao, Xiaochen", "Bian, Yueran", "Xie, Simiao", "Huang, Fei", "Luo, Na", "Zhang, Jingyuan", "Luo, Mingyan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314806", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has a significant impact on public health and poses a challenge to medical staffs, especially to front-line medical staffs who are exposed to direct contact with patients. To understand the psychological stress status of medical staffs during the outbreak of COVID-19. Random sample questionnaire survey was conducted among 2110 medical staffs and 2158 college students in all provinces of china through a questionnaire which was compiled and completed through the Questionnaire Star platform relying on Wechat, QQ and other social software. The differences in psychological stress status of different groups were compared through the analysis of the questionnaire. Results revealed that in all provinces of china, medical staffs scored significantly higher on all items of psychological stress than college students(P<0.001). In Wuhan, medical staff scored significantly higher than college students in all items of psychological stress(P<0.001). While for medical staff, the group in Wuhan area scored significantly higher than the group outside Wuhan on \"Thought of being in danger\", \"The possibility of self-illness\", \"Worrying about family infection\"(P<0.05), \"Poor sleep quality\", \"Needing psychological guidance\" and \"Worrying about being infected\"(P<0.01) items in the psychological stress questionnaire, and in the item of \"Confidence in the victory of the epidemic\", the group in Wuhan area scored significantly lower than the group in the area outside Wuhan(P<0.05). The emotion, cognition, physical and mental response of front-line medical staff showed obvious \"exposure effect\", and psychological crisis intervention strategy can be helpful. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32243336, "pmcid": "PMC7188094", "title": "ECT in a time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J ECT", "authors": ["Tor, Phern Chern", "Phu, Adeline H H", "Koh, Doris S H", "Mok, Yee Ming"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313660, "pmcid": "PMC7167584", "title": "A short review on antibody therapy for COVID-19.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Kumar, Govindarajan Venkat", "Jeyanthi, Venkadapathi", "Ramakrishnan, Saminathan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313660", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The beginning of the novel SARS-CoV-2 human coronavirus in Wuhan, China, has triggered a worldwide respiratory disease outbreak (COVID-19). By April 07, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has affected more than 1.36 million people worldwide and caused more than 75,900 deaths. To date, the anti-malaria drug hydroxychloroquine found to be a treatment option for SARS-CoV-2. In addition to supportive treatment, such as oxygen supply in moderate cases and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critically ill patients, unique medications for this condition are also under investigation. Here we reviewed the antibody therapy might be an immediate strategy for emergency prophylaxis and SARS-CoV-2 therapy."}, {"pmid": 32278703, "pmcid": "PMC7194870", "title": "Preventing the transmission of COVID-19 amongst healthcare workers.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Tan, L F"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278703", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418784, "pmcid": "PMC7205637", "title": "Oral Radiology Center as a Potential Source of COVID-19 Transmission; Points to Consider.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Saki, Maryam", "Haseli, Sara", "Iranpour, Pooya"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418784", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496094, "title": "Coronavirus: A trigger for OCD and illness anxiety disorder?", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Rivera, Rita M", "Carballea, Denise"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496094", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic possesses challenges for individuals with preexisting mental health conditions, such as those with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Illness Anxiety Disorder. Amid the novel coronavirus pandemic, sanitary precautions have become encouraged. Mental health practitioners need to examine how the normalization of these practices may become triggers and reinforcements for obsessive thinking and compulsive behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32467013, "pmcid": "PMC7167545", "title": "[Estimation of the number of cases of COVID-19 in real time using a web form through social networks: Project COVID-19-TRENDS].", "journal": "Semergen", "authors": ["Linares, M", "Garitano, I", "Santos, L", "Ramos, J M"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467013", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409499, "title": "Obesity Is a Risk Factor for Greater COVID-19 Severity.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Gao, Feng", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Wang, Xiao-Bo", "Sun, Qing-Feng", "Pan, Ke-Hua", "Wang, Ting-Yao", "Chen, Yong-Ping", "Targher, Giovanni", "Byrne, Christopher D", "George, Jacob", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409499", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342126, "pmcid": "PMC7186113", "title": "COVID-19: A primer for Neuroradiologists.", "journal": "Neuroradiology", "authors": ["Mankad, Kshitij", "Perry, Michael D", "Mirsky, David M", "Rossi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342126", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The potential for central nervous system (CNS) involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a matter of grave concern and there is a relevant body of evidence in the basic sciences to support this possibility. A neuroradiologist should be aware of the potential mechanisms involved in the neuropathogenesis of this virus, as we begin to see cases with abnormal brain scans emerging from all parts of the world."}, {"pmid": 32313527, "pmcid": "PMC7165276", "title": "[Coronavirus vaccines].", "journal": "Vacunas", "authors": ["Urbiztondo, L", "Borras, E", "Mirada, G"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313527", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514174, "title": "A single-cell atlas of the peripheral immune response in patients with severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Wilk, Aaron J", "Rustagi, Arjun", "Zhao, Nancy Q", "Roque, Jonasel", "Martinez-Colon, Giovanny J", "McKechnie, Julia L", "Ivison, Geoffrey T", "Ranganath, Thanmayi", "Vergara, Rosemary", "Hollis, Taylor", "Simpson, Laura J", "Grant, Philip", "Subramanian, Aruna", "Rogers, Angela J", "Blish, Catherine A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514174", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an urgent need to better understand the pathophysiology of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has infected more than three million people worldwide1. Approximately 20% of patients with COVID-19 develop severe disease and 5% of patients require intensive care2. Severe disease has been associated with changes in peripheral immune activity, including increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines3,4 that may be produced by a subset of inflammatory monocytes5,6, lymphopenia7,8 and T cell exhaustion9,10. To elucidate pathways in peripheral immune cells that might lead to immunopathology or protective immunity in severe COVID-19, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to profile peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from seven patients hospitalized for COVID-19, four of whom had acute respiratory distress syndrome, and six healthy controls. We identify reconfiguration of peripheral immune cell phenotype in COVID-19, including a heterogeneous interferon-stimulated gene signature, HLA class II downregulation and a developing neutrophil population that appears closely related to plasmablasts appearing in patients with acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. Importantly, we found that peripheral monocytes and lymphocytes do not express substantial amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, we provide a cell atlas of the peripheral immune response to severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32405095, "pmcid": "PMC7218345", "title": "Assessing changes in US public trust in science amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Agley, Jon"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405095", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and subsequent pandemic has led to the most substantive large-scale, open, and public social discussion of epidemiology and science in recent history. In the United States (US), extensive debate has ensued as to the risk posed by the disease, whether the health system is prepared to manage a high volume of critical cases, whether any number of public health responses are necessary and appropriate, and the appropriate ways to prevent, manage, and treat the pandemic. I hypothesized that the interplay between scientists, policymakers, and the public in an open forum was associated with increased overall public trust in science and scientists, but that this was moderated by political orientation and/or religious commitment. In the context of a public health emergency, it is important to understand the degree to which science and scientists are trusted to produce information that can provide reassurance and also can explain the details of a highly complex event such as a viral pandemic while providing actionable recommendations. The study design was analytic cross-sectional. Data were obtained on March 17-18, 2020, from a sample of 242 US-based Amazon Mechanical Turk users. Respondents completed a 49-question survey consisting of key sociodemographic variables, political affiliation, religious commitment, and two iterations of the Trust in Science and Scientist Inventory (one for March 2020, and one for December 2019 using retrospective recall). Changes in mean level of trust and interaction with political affiliation and/or religious commitment were assessed using mixed ANOVA via the general linear model. On a scale from 1 (low trust) to 5 (high trust), the mean level of trust in science and scientists was static; 3.82 in December 2019 and 3.81 in March 2020. Conservative political orientation and high religious commitment were associated with significantly less overall trust in science; the interaction effect suggested that liberal trust in science decreased slightly from December 2019 to March 2020, whereas conservative trust increased slightly. Counter to my expectations, the overall level of trust in science remained static after the first several months of COVID-19 in the US, although there is some evidence that political orientation was associated with magnitude and directionality of change in trust. Continued examination of these trends is important for understanding public response to epidemiologic recommendations."}, {"pmid": 32247326, "pmcid": "PMC7269887", "title": "Evolving epidemiology and transmission dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 outside Hubei province, China: a descriptive and modelling study.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Juanjuan", "Litvinova, Maria", "Wang, Wei", "Wang, Yan", "Deng, Xiaowei", "Chen, Xinghui", "Li, Mei", "Zheng, Wen", "Yi, Lan", "Chen, Xinhua", "Wu, Qianhui", "Liang, Yuxia", "Wang, Xiling", "Yang, Juan", "Sun, Kaiyuan", "Longini, Ira M Jr", "Halloran, M Elizabeth", "Wu, Peng", "Cowling, Benjamin J", "Merler, Stefano", "Viboud, Cecile", "Vespignani, Alessandro", "Ajelli, Marco", "Yu, Hongjie"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247326", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), began in Wuhan city, Hubei province, in December, 2019, and has spread throughout China. Understanding the evolving epidemiology and transmission dynamics of the outbreak beyond Hubei would provide timely information to guide intervention policy. We collected individual information from official public sources on laboratory-confirmed cases reported outside Hubei in mainland China for the period of Jan 19 to Feb 17, 2020. We used the date of the fourth revision of the case definition (Jan 27) to divide the epidemic into two time periods (Dec 24 to Jan 27, and Jan 28 to Feb 17) as the date of symptom onset. We estimated trends in the demographic characteristics of cases and key time-to-event intervals. We used a Bayesian approach to estimate the dynamics of the net reproduction number (Rt) at the provincial level. We collected data on 8579 cases from 30 provinces. The median age of cases was 44 years (33-56), with an increasing proportion of cases in younger age groups and in elderly people (ie, aged >64 years) as the epidemic progressed. The mean time from symptom onset to hospital admission decreased from 4\u00b74 days (95% CI 0\u00b70-14\u00b70) for the period of Dec 24 to Jan 27, to 2\u00b76 days (0\u00b70-9\u00b70) for the period of Jan 28 to Feb 17. The mean incubation period for the entire period was estimated at 5\u00b72 days (1\u00b78-12\u00b74) and the mean serial interval at 5\u00b71 days (1\u00b73-11\u00b76). The epidemic dynamics in provinces outside Hubei were highly variable but consistently included a mixture of case importations and local transmission. We estimated that the epidemic was self-sustained for less than 3 weeks, with mean Rt reaching peaks between 1\u00b708 (95% CI 0\u00b774-1\u00b754) in Shenzhen city of Guangdong province and 1\u00b771 (1\u00b732-2\u00b717) in Shandong province. In all the locations for which we had sufficient data coverage of Rt, Rt was estimated to be below the epidemic threshold (ie, <1) after Jan 30. Our estimates of the incubation period and serial interval were similar, suggesting an early peak of infectiousness, with possible transmission before the onset of symptoms. Our results also indicate that, as the epidemic progressed, infectious individuals were isolated more quickly, thus shortening the window of transmission in the community. Overall, our findings indicate that strict containment measures, movement restrictions, and increased awareness of the population might have contributed to interrupt local transmission of SARS-CoV-2 outside Hubei province. National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, and European Commission Horizon 2020."}, {"pmid": 32333844, "pmcid": "PMC7176392", "title": "Screening FMT donors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a protocol for stool SARS-CoV-2 viral quantification.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Ng, Siew C", "Chan, Francis K L", "Chan, Paul K S"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333844", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440817, "pmcid": "PMC7242018", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak in Italy: perspectives from an orthopaedic hospital.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Grassi, Alberto", "Pizza, Nicola", "Tedesco, Dario", "Zaffagnini, Stefano"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440817", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is one of the more severely affected countries in the world by the recent COVID-19 outbreak. The aim of this report is to describe how COVID-19 affected the life and organization of one of the main orthopaedic hospitals of the country, and which measures were implemented to face the outbreak. A personal interview has been conducted with four doctors involved in the management of COVID-19 outbreak in one of the main orthopaedic hospitals of Italy. Hospital was re-organized, elective surgeries were cancelled, and only trauma surgeries were allowed, together with oncologic and urgent cases. Since the number of cases among patients and healthcare workers increased, the hospital management responded not only with a massive testing campaign aimed at detecting contact histories but also with an additional testing campaign for asymptomatic healthcare workers. The main lection is that any actions should be quick and decisive, for 1 week during the COVID-19 epidemic could make the difference."}, {"pmid": 32507926, "title": "Emergency Department and Out-of-Hospital Emergency System (112-AREU 118) integrated response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Northern Italy centre.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Perlini, Stefano", "Canevari, Fabrizio", "Cortesi, Sergio", "Sgromo, Vito", "Brancaglione, Antonella", "Contri, Enrico", "Pettenazza, Pietro", "Salinaro, Francesco", "Speciale, Francesco", "Sechi, Giuseppe", "Mare, Claudio", "Cutti, Sara", "Novelli, Viola", "Marena, Carlo", "Muzzi, Alba", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Palo, Alessandra"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507926", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the world has been facing the life-threatening disease, named Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The response of the Emergency Medicine network, integrating \"out-of-hospital\" and \"hospital\" activation, is crucial whenever the health system has to face a medical emergency, being caused by natural or human-derived disasters as well as by a rapidly spreading epidemic outbreak. We here report the Pavia Emergency Medicine network response to the COVID-19 outbreak. The \"out-of-hospital\" response was analysed in terms of calls, rescues and missions, whereas the \"hospital\" response was detailed as number of admitted patients and subsequent hospitalisation or discharge. The data in the first 5\u00a0weeks of the Covid-19 outbreak (February 21-March 26, 2020) were compared with a reference time window referring to the previous 5\u00a0weeks (January 17-February 20, 2020) and with the corresponding historical average data from the previous 5\u00a0years (February 21-March 26). Since February 21, 2020, a sudden and sustained increase in the calls to the AREU 112 system was noted (+\u2009440%). After 5\u00a0weeks, the number of calls and missions was still higher as compared to both the reference pre-Covid-19 period (+\u200948% and\u2009+\u200910%, respectively) and the historical control (+\u200953% and\u2009+\u200922%, respectively). Owing to the overflow from the neighbouring hospitals, which rapidly became overwhelmed and had to temporarily close patient access, the population served by the Pavia system more than doubled (from 547.251 to 1.135.977 inhabitants,\u2009+\u2009108%). To minimize the possibility of intra-hospital spreading of the infection, a separate \"Emergency Department-Infective Disease\" was created, which evaluated 1241 patients with suspected infection (38% of total ED admissions). Out of these 1241 patients, 58.0% (n\u2009=\u2009720) were admitted in general wards (n\u2009=\u2009629) or intensive care unit (n\u2009=\u200991). To allow this massive number of admissions, the hospital reshaped many general ward Units, which became Covid-19 Units (up to 270 beds) and increased the intensive care unit beds from 32 to 60. In the setting of a long-standing continuing emergency like the present Covid-19 outbreak, the integration, interaction and team work of the \"out-of-hospital\" and \"in-hospital\" systems have a pivotal role. The present study reports how the rapid and coordinated reorganization of both might help in facing such a disaster. AREU-112 and the Emergency Department should be ready to finely tune their usual cooperation to respond to a sudden and overwhelming increase in the healthcare needs brought about by a pandemia like the current one. This lesson should shape and reinforce the future."}, {"pmid": 32107200, "title": "Clinical findings in a group of patients infected with the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) outside of Wuhan, China: retrospective case series.", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32107200", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267209, "pmcid": "PMC7233383", "title": "Policies and Guidelines for COVID-19 Preparedness: Experiences from the University of Washington.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Mossa-Basha, Mahmud", "Medverd, Jonathan", "Linnau, Kenneth", "Lynch, John B", "Wener, Mark H", "Kicska, Gregory", "Staiger, Thomas", "Sahani, Dushyant"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267209", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic initially presented in the United States in the greater Seattle area, and has rapidly progressed across the nation in the past 2 months, with the United States having the highest number of cases in the world. Radiology departments play a critical role in policy and guideline development both for the department and for the institutions, specifically in planning diagnostic screening, triage, and management of patients. In addition, radiology workflows, volumes and access must be optimized in preparation for the expected COVID-19 patient surges. This article discusses the processes that have been implemented at the University of Washington in managing the COVID-19 pandemic as well in preparing for patient surges, which may provide important guidance for other radiology departments who are in the early stages of preparation and management."}, {"pmid": 32360909, "pmcid": "PMC7184970", "title": "Follow-up studies in COVID-19 recovered patients - is it mandatory?", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Balachandar, Vellingiri", "Mahalaxmi, Iyer", "Subramaniam, Mohandevi", "Kaavya, Jayaramayya", "Senthil Kumar, Nachimuthu", "Laldinmawii, Gracy", "Narayanasamy, Arul", "Janardhana Kumar Reddy, Patur", "Sivaprakash, Palanisamy", "Kanchana, Sivaprakash", "Vivekanandhan, Govindasamy", "Cho, Ssang-Goo"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360909", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an illness caused due to Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared this outbreak a global health emergency and as on April 24, 2020, it has spread to 213 countries, with 25,91,015 confirmed cases and 742,855 cases have been recovered from COVID-19. In this dreadful situation our team has already published an article in the Science of the Total Environment, which elaborates the various aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this situation, it is imperative to understand the possible outcome of COVID-19 recovered patients and determine if they have any other detrimental illnesses by longitudinal analysis to safeguard their life in future. It is necessary to follow-up these recovered patients and performs comprehensive assessments for detection and appropriate management towards their psychological, physical, and social realm. This urges us to suggest that it is highly important to provide counselling, moral support as well as a few recommended guidelines to the recovered patients and society to restore to normalcy. Epidemiological, clinical and immunological studies from COVID-19 recovered patients are particularly important to understand the disease and to prepare better for potential outbreaks in the future. Longitudinal studies on a larger cohort would help us to understand the in-depth prognosis as well as the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Also, follow-up studies will help us provide more information for the development of vaccines and drugs for these kinds of pandemics in the future. Hence, we recommend more studies are required to unravel the possible mechanism of COVID-19 infection and the after-effects of it to understand the characteristics of the virus and to develop the necessary precautionary measures to prevent it."}, {"pmid": 32468623, "title": "Which medical specialties should be prioritised to fill staffing gaps caused by COVID-19 in the United Kingdom? A network analysis.", "journal": "Int J Health Plann Manage", "authors": ["Sharp, Elliott", "Cole, Liam", "Clementi, Rebecca", "Curlewis, Keegan"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468623", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485314, "title": "Persistent SARS-CoV-2 infection and the risk for cancer.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Alpalhao, Miguel", "Ferreira, Joao Augusto", "Filipe, Paulo"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485314", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current SARS-CoV-2 has put significant strain on healthcare services worldwide due to acute COVID-19. However, the potential long-term effects of this infection haven't been extensively discussed. We hypothesize that SARS-CoV-2 may be able to cause persistent infection in some individuals, and should this be the case, that in a few years we may see a rise in cancer incidence due to carcinogenic effects of this coronavirus. Non-retroviral RNA viruses such as Coronaviridae have been shown to cause persistent infection in hosts. Empirical evidence of viral genomic material shedding weeks after apparent clinical and laboratorial resolution of COVID-19 may be an indirect proof for persistent viral infection. Furthermore, tropism towards certain immune-privileged territories may facilitate immune evasion by this virus. Structural homology with SARS-CoV-1 indicates that SARS-CoV-2 may be able to directly impair pRb and p53, which are key gatekeepers with tumor suppressor functions. Additionally, COVID-19 features preeminent inflammatory response with marked oxidative stress, which acts as both as initiator and promotor of carcinogenesis. Should there be a carcinogenic risk associated with SARS-CoV-2, the implications for public health are plenty, as infected patients should be closely watched during long periods of follow-up. Additional investigation to establish or exclude the possibility for persistent infection is paramount to identify and prevent possible complications in the future."}, {"pmid": 32338298, "pmcid": "PMC7184241", "title": "The After Diagnosis Head and Neck cancer-specific Patient Concerns Inventory (HaNC-AD) as a pre-treatment preparation aid during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Kanatas, Anastasios", "Rogers, S N"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338298", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has resulted in new challenges for clinicians, head and neck cancer (HNC) patients and carers. There is evidence that the current crisis is affecting the management of HNC patients. Most healthcare systems have introduced remote consultations to decrease the risk of coronavirus infection to patients, carers and clinicians. At present, HNC patients may be anxious and due to logistical issues, may not be adequately prepared for their treatment. To ensure that patients have a thorough understanding of their treatment and expected outcome during the current COVID-19 crisis there may be merit in the use of the HaNC-AD PCI."}, {"pmid": 32478882, "title": "The great pandemic of 2020: A defining moment for Heart Rhythm Societies and their members.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Lemery, Robert"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478882", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523134, "title": "Patient care protocols in cardiac catheterization rooms during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Eid-Lidt, Guering", "Cortes-Lawrenz, Jorge", "Lopez-Cuellar, Julio", "Leiva-Pons, Jose L", "Alcocer-Gamba, Marco A", "Farjat-Pasos, Julio I", "Garcia-Alcantara, Juan A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523134", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321656, "pmcid": "PMC7128716", "title": "Radiological findings for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19).", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Sanchez-Oro, Raquel", "Torres Nuez, Julio", "Martinez-Sanz, Gloria"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321656", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427140, "pmcid": "PMC7227594", "title": "Kitchen Spectroscopy: Shining a (UV) Light on Everyday Objects.", "journal": "Matter", "authors": ["VanOrman, Zachary A", "Nienhaus, Lea"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427140", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fluorescent objects often lead to a sense of joy and intrigue. While the current COVID-19 pandemic limits the synthesis of \"glowy things\" like quantum dots, many household objects fluoresce, providing an opportunity to brighten your day while learning fundamental chemistry."}, {"pmid": 32270698, "title": "Physical inactivity and cardiovascular disease at the time of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Henry, Brandon M", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270698", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273143, "pmcid": "PMC7138181", "title": "Everything Old is New again: COVID-19 and Public Health.", "journal": "J Pediatr Nurs", "authors": ["Vessey, Judith A", "Betz, Cecily L"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273143", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32211963, "pmcid": "PMC7095437", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: initial chest CT findings.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Zhou, Zhiming", "Guo, Dajing", "Li, Chuanming", "Fang, Zheng", "Chen, Linli", "Yang, Ran", "Li, Xiang", "Zeng, Wenbing"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211963", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To systematically analyze CT findings during the early and progressive stages of natural course of coronavirus disease 2019 and also to explore possible changes in pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities during these two stages. We retrospectively reviewed the initial chest CT data of 62 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 patients (34 men, 28 women; age range 20-91\u00a0years old) who did not receive any antiviral treatment between January 21 and February 4, 2020, in Chongqing, China. Patients were assigned to the early-stage group (onset of symptoms within 4\u00a0days) or progressive-stage group (onset of symptoms within 4-7\u00a0days) for analysis. CT characteristics and the distribution, size, and CT score of pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities were assessed. In our study, the major characteristic of coronavirus disease 2019 was ground-glass opacity (61.3%), followed by ground-glass opacity with consolidation (35.5%), rounded opacities (25.8%), a crazy-paving pattern (25.8%), and an air bronchogram (22.6%). No patient presented cavitation, a reticular pattern, or bronchial wall thickening. The CT scores of the progressive-stage group were significantly greater than those of the early-stage group (p\u2009=\u20090.004). Multiple ground-glass opacities with consolidations in the periphery of the lungs were the primary CT characteristic of coronavirus disease 2019. CT score can be used to evaluate the severity of the disease. If these typical alterations are found, then the differential diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 must be considered. \u2022 Multiple GGOs with consolidations in the periphery of the lungs were the primary CT characteristic of COVID-19. \u2022 The halo sign may be a special CT feature in the early-stage COVID-19 patients. \u2022 Significantly increased CT score may indicate the aggravation of COVID-19 in the progressive stage."}, {"pmid": 32376119, "pmcid": "PMC7184009", "title": "Lessons from COVID-19 to future evidence synthesis efforts: first living search strategy and out of date scientific publishing and indexing industry (submitted).", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Shokraneh, Farhad", "Russell-Rose, Tony"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376119", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513832, "title": "Migrant workers and COVID-19.", "journal": "Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Koh, David"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513832", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Daily numbers of COVID-19 in Singapore from March to May 2020, the cause of a surge in cases in April and the national response were examined, and regulations on migrant worker accommodation studied. Information was gathered from daily reports provided by the Ministry of Health, Singapore Statues online and a Ministerial statement given at a Parliament sitting on 4 May 2020. A marked escalation in the daily number of new COVID-19 cases was seen in early April 2020. The majority of cases occurred among an estimated 295\u2009000 low-skilled migrant workers living in foreign worker dormitories. As of 6 May 2020, there were 17\u2009758 confirmed COVID-19 cases among dormitory workers (88% of 20\u2009198 nationally confirmed cases). One dormitory housing approximately 13\u2009000 workers had 19.4% of residents infected. The national response included mobilising several government agencies and public volunteers. There was extensive testing of workers in dormitories, segregation of healthy and infected workers, and daily observation for fever and symptoms. Twenty-four dormitories were declared as 'isolation areas', with residents quarantined for 14 days. New housing, for example, vacant public housing flats, military camps, exhibition centres, floating hotels have been provided that will allow for appropriate social distancing. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted migrant workers as a vulnerable occupational group. Ideally, matters related to inadequate housing of vulnerable migrant workers need to be addressed before a pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32326959, "pmcid": "PMC7179373", "title": "High-flow nasal cannula may be no safer than non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Remy, Kenneth E", "Lin, John C", "Verhoef, Philip A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326959", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404266, "pmcid": "PMC7200331", "title": "The 2019-2020 coronavirus pandemic in Italy: immunologic and cultural hurdles on the road to a cure.", "journal": "Braz J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Virgilio, Edoardo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404266", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452739, "pmcid": "PMC7251624", "title": "Airborne Aerosol Generation During Endonasal Procedures in the Era of COVID-19: Risks and Recommendations.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Workman, Alan D", "Jafari, Aria", "Welling, D Bradley", "Varvares, Mark A", "Gray, Stacey T", "Holbrook, Eric H", "Scangas, George A", "Xiao, Roy", "Carter, Bob S", "Curry, William T", "Bleier, Benjamin S"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452739", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the era of SARS-CoV-2, the risk of infectious airborne aerosol generation during otolaryngologic procedures has been an area of increasing concern. The objective of this investigation was to quantify airborne aerosol production under clinical and surgical conditions and examine efficacy of mask mitigation strategies. Prospective quantification of airborne aerosol generation during surgical and clinical simulation. Cadaver laboratory and clinical examination room. Airborne aerosol quantification with an optical particle sizer was performed in real time during cadaveric simulated endoscopic surgical conditions, including hand instrumentation, microdebrider use, high-speed drilling, and cautery. Aerosol sampling was additionally performed in simulated clinical and diagnostic settings. All clinical and surgical procedures were evaluated for propensity for significant airborne aerosol generation. Hand instrumentation and microdebridement did not produce detectable airborne aerosols in the range of 1 to 10 \u03bcm. Suction drilling at 12,000 rpm, high-speed drilling (4-mm diamond or cutting burs) at 70,000 rpm, and transnasal cautery generated significant airborne aerosols (P < .001). In clinical simulations, nasal endoscopy (P < .05), speech (P < .01), and sneezing (P < .01) generated 1- to 10-\u03bcm airborne aerosols. Significant aerosol escape was seen even with utilization of a standard surgical mask (P < .05). Intact and VENT-modified (valved endoscopy of the nose and throat) N95 respirator use prevented significant airborne aerosol spread. Transnasal drill and cautery use is associated with significant airborne particulate matter production in the range of 1 to 10 \u03bcm under surgical conditions. During simulated clinical activity, airborne aerosol generation was seen during nasal endoscopy, speech, and sneezing. Intact or VENT-modified N95 respirators mitigated airborne aerosol transmission, while standard surgical masks did not."}, {"pmid": 32387163, "pmcid": "PMC7159856", "title": "Commentary: When a cardiac surgeon takes care of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: It's gonna be ok!", "journal": "J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg", "authors": ["Miceli, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387163", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434604, "title": "Psychiatric Symptoms Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Neuropsychiatr", "authors": ["Rohde, Christopher", "Hougaard Jefsen, Oskar", "Norremark, Bettina", "Aalkjaer Danielsen, Andreas", "Ostergaard, Soren Dinesen"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434604", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479232, "title": "Funders' Efforts: Aging And Health, COVID-19.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479232", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396771, "pmcid": "PMC7256348", "title": "Remdesivir in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a simplified summary.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Hendaus, Mohamed A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396771", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) is an extremely contagious respiratory illness due to a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Certain drugs have several protein targets and many illnesses share overlapping molecular paths. In such cases, reusing drugs for more than one objective and finding their novice uses can considerably decrease the time in finding new cures for unforeseen diseases. Remdesivir has been recently a strong candidate for the treatment of Covid-19. In this commentary, we have portrayed the structure of the coronavirus in a simple way as well as the site where remdesivir acts. We have also displayed the ongoing clinical trials, as well as a published study that was conducted on compassionate base. The covid-19 pandemic might wean down by the end of summer 2020, but the risk of seasonality exists. Therefore, future disposal of agents such as remdesivir might be crucial for ensuring an efficient treatment, decrease mortality and allow early discharge.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32028773, "title": "Fighting the novel coronavirus: the publication of the Chinese expert consensus on the perinatal and neonatal management for the prevention and control of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection (First edition).", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32028773", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496749, "title": "Psychotherapy in the Post-COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Pract", "authors": ["Plakun, Eric M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496749", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This column anticipates challenges likely to be faced by psychotherapists and their patients after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic subsides. It looks beyond the current impact of loneliness, isolation, thwarted belongingness, and loss toward the longer term impact of moral injury and blocked opportunities for mourning."}, {"pmid": 32281391, "title": "Loopholes in Current Infection Control and Prevention Practices Against COVID-19 in Radiology Department and Improvement Suggestions.", "journal": "Can Assoc Radiol J", "authors": ["Yu, Juan", "Ding, Ning", "Chen, Huan", "Liu, Xia-Jing", "Pu, Zu-Hui", "Xu, Hua-Jian", "Lei, Yi", "Zhang, Han-Wen"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281391", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To improve the infection control and prevention practices against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in radiology department through loophole identification and providing rectifying measurements. Retrospective analysis of 2 cases of health-care-associated COVID-19 transmission in 2 radiology departments and comparing the infection control and prevention practices against COVID-19 with the practices of our department, where no COVID-19 transmission has occurred. Several loopholes have been identified in the infection control and prevention practices against COVID-19 of the 2 radiology departments. Loopholes were in large part due to our limited understanding of the highly contagious coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is characterized by features not observed in other SARS viruses. We recommend to set up an isolation zone for handling patients who do not meet the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19 but are not completely cleared of the possibility of infection. Loopholes in the infection control and prevention practices against COVID-19 of the 2 radiology departments are due to poor understanding of the emerging disease which can be fixed by establishing an isolation zone for patients not completely cleared of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32467027, "pmcid": "PMC7242974", "title": "COVID-19 risk contagion: Organization and procedures in a South Italy geriatric oncology ward.", "journal": "J Geriatr Oncol", "authors": ["Gambardella, Claudio", "Pagliuca, Raffaele", "Pomilla, Giuseppe", "Gambardella, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467027", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439184, "pmcid": "PMC7169887", "title": "COVID-19-Associated Psychiatric Symptoms in Health Care Workers: Viewpoint From Internal Medicine and Psychiatry Residents.", "journal": "Psychosomatics", "authors": ["Gautam, Mohan", "Kaur, Madhupreet", "Mahr, Greg"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439184", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394840, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic - Are We Heading From Health Crisis Towards An Unprecedented Nutrition Crisis?", "journal": "Curr Top Med Chem", "authors": ["Kumar, Yogesh", "Jain, Akanksha"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394840", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386820, "pmcid": "PMC7186203", "title": "Evidence of mother-to-newborn infection with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Sun, Mingyang", "Xu, Guoting", "Yang, Yong", "Tao, Yuan", "Pian-Smith, May", "Madhavan, Vandana", "Xie, Zhongcong", "Zhang, Jiaqiang"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386820", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527300, "title": "Will healthcare workers improve infection prevention and control behaviors as COVID-19 risk emerges and increases, in China?", "journal": "Antimicrob Resist Infect Control", "authors": ["Lai, Xiaoquan", "Wang, Xuemei", "Yang, Qiuxia", "Xu, Xiaojun", "Tang, Yuqing", "Liu, Chenxi", "Tan, Li", "Lai, Ruying", "Wang, He", "Zhang, Xinping", "Zhou, Qian", "Chen, Hao"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527300", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 arise global attention since their first public reporting. Infection prevention and control (IPC) is critical to combat COVID-19, especially at the early stage of pandemic outbreak. This study aimed to measure level of healthcare workers' (HCW') self-reported IPC behaviors with the risk of COVID-19 emerges and increases. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two tertiary hospitals. A structured self-administered questionnaire was delivered to HCWs in selected hospitals. The dependent variables were self-reported IPC behavior compliance; and independent variables were outbreak risk and three intent of infection risk (risk of contact with suspected patients, high-risk department, risk of affected area). Chi-square tests and multivariable negative binomial regression models were employed. A total of 1386 participants were surveyed. The risk of outbreak increased self-reported IPC behavior on each item (coefficient varied from 0.029 to 0.151). Considering different extent of risk, HCWs from high-risk department had better self-reported practice in most IPC behavior (coefficient ranged from 0.027 to 0.149). HCWs in risk-affected area had higher self-reported compliance in several IPC behavior (coefficient ranged from 0.028 to 0.113). However, HCWs contacting with suspected patients had lower self-reported compliance in several IPC behavior (coefficient varied from -\u20090.159 to -\u20090.087). With the risk of COVID-19 emerges, HCWs improve IPC behaviors comprehensively, which benefits for better combat COVID-19. With the risk (high-risk department and affected area) further increases, majority of IPC behaviors achieved improvement. Nevertheless, under the risk of contact with suspected patients, HCWs show worse IPC behaviors. Which may result from higher work load and insufficient supplies and resources among these HCWs. The preparedness system should be improved and medical assistance is urgently needed."}, {"pmid": 32448437, "pmcid": "PMC7242927", "title": "Drug allergy labeling and delabeling in the coronavirus disease 2019 era: What is important and what do we need to know.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Castells, Mariana C"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448437", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32161408, "pmcid": "PMC7096028", "title": "Lack of maternal-fetal SARS-CoV-2 transmission.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Stower, Hannah"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161408", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426709, "pmcid": "PMC7230137", "title": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing surgeries during the incubation period of COVID-19 infection. What are the implications for the commencement of elective surgery?", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Ross, Gary L"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426709", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459712, "title": "The Strategy for Return to Work after the COVID-19 Pandemic on Small and Medium-sized Enterprises.", "journal": "J Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Yang, Chen-Cheng", "Chuang, Hung-Yi"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459712", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32509535, "pmcid": "PMC7260501", "title": "Reducing transmission of COVID-19 using a continuous negative pressure operative field barrier during oral maxillofacial surgery.", "journal": "Oral Maxillofac Surg Cases", "authors": ["Gonzalez-Ciccarelli, Luis F", "Nilson, James", "Oreadi, Daniel", "Fakitsas, Dimitrios", "Sekhar, Pavan", "Quraishi, Sadeq A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32509535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Oral and maxillofacial surgery in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, presents a high risk of exposure and cross contamination to the operative room personnel. We designed, simulated and implemented a continue negative pressure operative field barrier to provide an additional layer of protection, using standard equipment readily available in most operative rooms during oral and maxillofacial procedures."}, {"pmid": 32459621, "title": "Evaluation of World Health Organization-Recommended Hand Hygiene Formulations.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Suchomel, Miranda", "Eggers, Maren", "Maier, Steffen", "Kramer, Axel", "Dancer, Stephanie J", "Pittet, Didier"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459621", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a result of the coronavirus disease pandemic, commercial hand hygiene products have become scarce and World Health Organization (WHO) alcohol-based hand rub formulations containing ethanol or isopropanol are being produced for hospitals worldwide. Neither WHO formulation meets European Norm 12791, the basis for approval as a surgical hand preparation, nor satisfies European Norm 1500, the basis for approval as a hygienic hand rub. We evaluated the efficacy of modified formulations with alcohol concentrations in mass instead of volume percentage and glycerol concentrations of 0.5% instead of 1.45%. Both modified formulations met standard requirements for a 3-minute surgical hand preparation, the usual duration of surgical hand treatment in most hospitals in Europe. Contrary to the originally proposed WHO hand rub formulations, both modified formulations are appropriate for surgical hand preparation after 3 minutes when alcohol concentrations of 80% wt/wt ethanol or 75% wt/wt isopropanol along with reduced glycerol concentration (0.5%) are used."}, {"pmid": 32523073, "title": "Coronavirus R number hides raised risk for minority ethnic groups.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Uzoigwe, Chika"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523073", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437596, "title": "Pulmonary Vascular Endothelialitis, Thrombosis, and Angiogenesis in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Ackermann, Maximilian", "Verleden, Stijn E", "Kuehnel, Mark", "Haverich, Axel", "Welte, Tobias", "Laenger, Florian", "Vanstapel, Arno", "Werlein, Christopher", "Stark, Helge", "Tzankov, Alexandar", "Li, William W", "Li, Vincent W", "Mentzer, Steven J", "Jonigk, Danny"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437596", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Progressive respiratory failure is the primary cause of death in the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. Despite widespread interest in the pathophysiology of the disease, relatively little is known about the associated morphologic and molecular changes in the peripheral lung of patients who die from Covid-19. We examined 7 lungs obtained during autopsy from patients who died from Covid-19 and compared them with 7 lungs obtained during autopsy from patients who died from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to influenza A(H1N1) infection and 10 age-matched, uninfected control lungs. The lungs were studied with the use of seven-color immunohistochemical analysis, micro-computed tomographic imaging, scanning electron microscopy, corrosion casting, and direct multiplexed measurement of gene expression. In patients who died from Covid-19-associated or influenza-associated respiratory failure, the histologic pattern in the peripheral lung was diffuse alveolar damage with perivascular T-cell infiltration. The lungs from patients with Covid-19 also showed distinctive vascular features, consisting of severe endothelial injury associated with the presence of intracellular virus and disrupted cell membranes. Histologic analysis of pulmonary vessels in patients with Covid-19 showed widespread thrombosis with microangiopathy. Alveolar capillary microthrombi were 9 times as prevalent in patients with Covid-19 as in patients with influenza (P<0.001). In lungs from patients with Covid-19, the amount of new vessel growth - predominantly through a mechanism of intussusceptive angiogenesis - was 2.7 times as high as that in the lungs from patients with influenza (P<0.001). In our small series, vascular angiogenesis distinguished the pulmonary pathobiology of Covid-19 from that of equally severe influenza virus infection. The universality and clinical implications of our observations require further research to define. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others.)."}, {"pmid": 32515369, "title": "COVID-19: What have we learnt, and plan for the future.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Pankajakshan, Aswin", "Prasannan, Athira", "Chaudhary, Sandeep"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515369", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread like wildfire and affected almost every stratum of society. It has brought humans together and taught us to have compassion and collaboration among individuals, governments and organisations. Adequate protection of healthcare workers who are at the frontline must be taken care of. Good hygiene and social distancing go a long way in controlling an epidemic. We must strive towards building more balanced and sustainable models and healthcare systems in the future as we try to successfully emerge from this outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32514399, "pmcid": "PMC7261077", "title": "A case of Bacillus cereus bacteremia in a COVID-19 patient treated with steroids.", "journal": "IDCases", "authors": ["Osakwe, Nonso"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514399", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This report describes a case of Bacillus cereus bacteremia in a COVID-19 patient with prior inhalational steroid use and inpatient steroid treatment for COVID-19 pulmonary symptoms. The case herein is intended to illustrate an uncommon presentation of B. cereus bacteremia and highlight the increased likelihood for the occurrence of this bacteremia in patients with COVID-19 and concomitant steroid use."}, {"pmid": 32473458, "pmcid": "PMC7243761", "title": "The need for fully bio-based facemasks to counter coronavirus outbreaks: A perspective.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Das, Oisik", "Neisiany, Rasoul Esmaeely", "Capezza, Antonio Jose", "Hedenqvist, Mikael S", "Forsth, Michael", "Xu, Qiang", "Jiang, Lin", "Ji, Dongxiao", "Ramakrishna, Seeram"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473458", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The onset of coronavirus pandemic has sparked a shortage of facemasks in almost all nations. Without this personal protective equipment, healthcare providers, essential workers, and the general public are exposed to the risk of infection. In light of the aforementioned, it is critical to balance the supply and demand for masks. COVID-19 will also ensure that masks are always considered as an essential commodity in future pandemic preparedness. Moreover, billions of facemasks are produced from petrochemicals derived raw materials, which are non-degradable upon disposal after their single use, thus causing environmental pollution and damage. The sustainable way forward is to utilise raw materials that are side-stream products of local industries to develop facemasks having equal or better efficiency than the conventional ones. In this regard, wheat gluten biopolymer, which is a by-product or co-product of cereal industries, can be electrospun into nanofibre membranes and subsequently carbonised at over 700\u00a0\u00b0C to form a network structure, which can simultaneously act as the filter media and reinforcement for gluten-based masks. In parallel, the same gluten material can be processed into cohesive thin films using plasticiser and hot press. Additionally, lanosol, a naturally-occurring substance, imparts fire (V-0 rating in vertical burn test), and microbe resistance in gluten plastics. Thus, thin films of flexible gluten with very low amounts of lanosol (<10\u00a0wt%) can be bonded together with the carbonised mat and shaped by thermoforming to create the facemasks. The carbon mat acting as the filter can be attached to the masks through adapters that can also be made from injection moulded gluten. The creation of these masks could simultaneously be effective in reducing the transmittance of infectious diseases and pave the way for environmentally benign sustainable products."}, {"pmid": 32398343, "title": "Should azithromycin be used to treat COVID-19? A rapid review.", "journal": "BJGP Open", "authors": ["Gbinigie, Kome", "Frie, Kerstin"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398343", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are no established effective treatments for COVID-19. While novel drugs are being developed, azithromycin has been identified as a candidate treatment in the interim. To review the evidence for the effectiveness and safety of azithromycin in treating COVID-19. A rapid review of the literature was conducted. Electronic searches were conducted on 16 April 2020 of PubMed, TRIP, EPPI COVID Living Map, MedRxiv, GoogleScholar, and Google. In vivo and in vitro studies were included assessing the safety and effectiveness of azithromycin for treatment of COVID-19, and/or the activity of azithromycin against SARS-CoV-2. In vivo studies needed to include a comparator group. Three studies were identified, two in vitro and one in vivo, which were suitable for inclusion. All three were published as pre-prints. The in vitro studies revealed conflicting results, with one finding anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity for azithromycin alone, while the other found activity against SARS-CoV-2 only when azithromycin was combined with hydroxychloroquine. A small trial of 36 patients, with high risk of bias, found superior viral clearance in patients with COVID-19 treated with azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine combined, compared with hydroxychloroquine alone. There is no evidence to support the use of azithromycin for the treatment of COVID-19 outside of the context of clinical trials, unless it is used to treat bacterial super-infection. There is extremely limited evidence of a possible synergy between azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. The adverse events profile of azithromycin in the context of COVID-19 has not yet been established. Well-conducted clinical trials are urgently needed in this area."}, {"pmid": 32460829, "pmcid": "PMC7254663", "title": "COVID-19 in breast cancer patients: a cohort at the Institut Curie hospitals in the Paris area.", "journal": "Breast Cancer Res", "authors": ["Vuagnat, Perrine", "Frelaut, Maxime", "Ramtohul, Toulsie", "Basse, Clemence", "Diakite, Sarah", "Noret, Aurelien", "Bellesoeur, Audrey", "Servois, Vincent", "Hequet, Delphine", "Laas, Enora", "Kirova, Youlia", "Cabel, Luc", "Pierga, Jean-Yves", "Bozec, Laurence", "Paoletti, Xavier", "Cottu, Paul", "Bidard, Francois-Clement"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460829", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cancer patients have been reported to be at higher risk of COVID-19 complications and deaths. We report the characteristics and outcome of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 during breast cancer treatment at Institut Curie hospitals (ICH, Paris area, France). An IRB-approved prospective registry was set up at ICH on March 13, 2020, for all breast cancer patients with COVID-19 symptoms or radiologic signs. Registered data included patient history, tumor characteristics and treatments, COVID-19 symptoms, radiological features, and outcome. Data extraction was done on April 25, 2020. COVID-19 patients were defined as those with either a positive RNA test or typical, newly appeared lung CT scan abnormalities. Among 15,600 patients actively treated for early or metastatic breast cancer during the last 4\u2009months at ICH, 76 patients with suspected COVID-19 infection were included in the registry and followed. Fifty-nine of these patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 based on viral RNA testing (N\u2009=\u200941) or typical radiologic signs: 37/59 (63%) COVID-19 patients were treated for metastatic breast cancer, and 13/59 (22%) of them were taking corticosteroids daily. Common clinical features mostly consisted of fever and/or cough, while ground-glass opacities were the most common radiologic sign at diagnosis. We found no association between prior radiation therapy fields or extent of radiation therapy sequelae and extent of COVID-19 lung lesions. Twenty-eight of these 59 patients (47%) were hospitalized, and 6 (10%) were transferred to an intensive care unit. At the time of analysis, 45/59 (76%) patients were recovering or had been cured, 10/59 (17%) were still followed, and 4/59 (7%) had died from COVID-19. All 4 patients who died had significant non-cancer comorbidities. In univariate analysis, hypertension and age (>\u200970) were the two factors associated with a higher risk of intensive care unit admission and/or death. This prospective registry analysis suggests that the COVID-19 mortality rate in breast cancer patients depends more on comorbidities than prior radiation therapy or current anti-cancer treatment. Special attention must be paid to comorbidities when estimating the risk of severe COVID-19 in breast cancer patients."}, {"pmid": 32283235, "pmcid": "PMC7151475", "title": "Reply to: \"Various forms of skin rash in COVID-19: Petechial rash in a patient with COVID-19 infection\".", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283235", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488728, "pmcid": "PMC7265870", "title": "Eating disorders and obesity (ED&O) in the COVID-19 storm.", "journal": "Eat Weight Disord", "authors": ["Todisco, Patrizia", "Donini, Lorenzo M"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488728", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283063, "pmcid": "PMC7151356", "title": "A Call to Action: The Need for Autopsies to Determine the Full Extent of Organ Involvement Associated With COVID-19.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Barth, Rolf F", "Xu, Xinyang", "Buja, L Maximilian"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283063", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374851, "pmcid": "PMC7239169", "title": "The Rheumatology Community responds to the COVID-19 pandemic: the establishment of the COVID-19 global rheumatology alliance.", "journal": "Rheumatology (Oxford)", "authors": ["Wallace, Zachary S", "Bhana, Suleman", "Hausmann, Jonathan S", "Robinson, Philip C", "Sufka, Paul", "Sirotich, Emily", "Yazdany, Jinoos", "Grainger, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374851", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32024976, "pmcid": "PMC7091741", "title": "A novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome.", "journal": "Cell Mol Immunol", "authors": ["Jiang, Shibo", "Xia, Shuai", "Ying, Tianlei", "Lu, Lu"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32024976", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479682, "title": "Preeclampsia-like syndrome induced by severe COVID-19: a prospective observational study.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Mendoza, Manel", "Garcia-Ruiz, Itziar", "Maiz, Nerea", "Rodo, Carlota", "Garcia-Manau, Pablo", "Serrano, Berta", "Lopez-Martinez, Rosa Maria", "Balcells, Joan", "Fernandez-Hidalgo, Nuria", "Carreras, Elena", "Suy, Anna"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479682", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the incidence of clinical, ultrasonographic and biochemical findings related to preeclampsia (PE) in pregnancies with COVID-19, and to assess their accuracy to differentiate between PE and the PE-like features associated with COVID-19. A prospective, observational study. Tertiary referral hospital. Singleton pregnancies with COVID-19 at >20+0 weeks. 42 consecutive pregnancies were recruited and classified into two groups: severe and nonsevere COVID-19, according to the occurrence of severe pneumonia. Uterine artery pulsatility index (UtAPI) and angiogenic factors (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1/placental growth factor [sFlt-1/PlGF]) were assessed in women with suspected PE. Incidence of signs and symptoms related to PE, such as hypertension, proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, abnormal UtAPI and increased sFlt-1/PlGF. 34 cases were classified as nonsevere and 8 as severe COVID-19. Six (14.3%) women presented signs and symptoms of PE, all six being among the severe COVID-19 cases (75.0%). However, abnormal sFlt-1/PlGF and UtAPI could only be demonstrated in one case. Two cases remained pregnant after recovery from severe pneumonia and had a spontaneous resolution of the PE-like syndrome. Pregnant women with severe COVID-19 can develop a PE-like syndrome that might be distinguished from actual PE by sFlt-1/PlGF, LDH and UtAPI assessment. Health care providers should be aware of its existence and monitor pregnancies with suspected preeclampsia with caution."}, {"pmid": 32174055, "pmcid": "PMC7183828", "title": "What Is Needed to Make Interventional Radiology Ready for COVID-19? Lessons from SARS-CoV Epidemic.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Pua, Uei", "Wong, Daniel"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174055", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32290901, "pmcid": "PMC7160441", "title": "Excess cases of influenza-like illnesses synchronous with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic, France, March 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Boelle, Pierre-Yves", "Souty, Cecile", "Launay, Titouan", "Guerrisi, Caroline", "Turbelin, Clement", "Behillil, Sylvie", "Enouf, Vincent", "Poletto, Chiara", "Lina, Bruno", "van der Werf, Sylvie", "Levy-Bruhl, Daniel", "Colizza, Vittoria", "Hanslik, Thomas", "Blanchon, Thierry"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290901", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several French regions where coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been reported currently show a renewed increase in ILI cases in the general practice-based Sentinelles network. We computed the number of excess cases by region from 24 February to 8 March 2020 and found a correlation with the number of reported COVID-19 cases so far. The data suggest larger circulation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the French population than apparent from confirmed cases."}, {"pmid": 32411360, "pmcid": "PMC7183247", "title": "Design for extreme scalability: A wordless, globally scalable COVID-19 prevention animation for rapid public health communication.", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Adam, Maya", "Barnighausen, Till", "McMahon, Shannon A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411360", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291903, "pmcid": "PMC7262101", "title": "COVID-19 - Looking beyond the immediate concerns.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Smith, Timothy L"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291903", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32174284, "title": "A Generic Computer-Assisted Four-Pronged Approach for the Management of Emerging Global Pathogens: Some Comments on COVID-19.", "journal": "Curr Comput Aided Drug Des", "authors": ["Basak, Subhash C", "Majumdar, Subhabrata", "Vracko, Marjan", "Nandy, Ashesh", "Bhattacharjee, Apurba"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174284", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32118394, "title": "[Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of lung cancer patients during the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, L", "Xu, H Y", "Wang, Y"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118394", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the increasing number of cases and widening geographical spread, the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been classified as one of the class B infectious diseases but prevented and controlled as class A infectious disease by the National Health Commission of China. The diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer patients have been challenged greatly because of extraordinary public health measures since the lung cancer patients are a high-risk population during the COVID-19 outbreak period. Strict protection for lung cancer patients is needed to avoid infection. Lung cancer patients are difficult to differentiate from patients with COVID-19 in terms of clinical symptoms, which will bring great trouble to the clinical work and physical and mental health of lung cancer patients. This review will demonstrate how to applicate appropriate and individual management for lung cancer patients to protect them from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32399954, "pmcid": "PMC7214847", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and myocardial injury: a role for Nox2?", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Violi, Francesco", "Pastori, Daniele", "Pignatelli, Pasquale", "Cangemi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399954", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may be complicated by myocardial injury but at-risk patients as well as mechanism of disease are unclear. We gathered data regarding troponin levels in the so far reported SARS-CoV-2 patients and found a large variability in terms of troponin levels, patients with more severe disease, as those treated by ICU, presenting with higher percentage of troponin elevation. However, lack of prospective studies hampers adequate analysis of risk factors of myocardial damage. Previous study demonstrated that Nox2 is up-regulated in pneumonia and closely associated with troponin elevation suggesting Nox2 activation as mechanism eliciting myocardial damage; data in SARS-CoV-2 are still lacking. We hypothesize that SARS-Cov-2 may induce myocardial injury via Nox2-related ROS production and that analysis and eventually targeting Nox2 may be a novel approach to manage SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32353792, "pmcid": "PMC7180359", "title": "Safe management of laryngectomized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Parrinello, Giampiero", "Missale, Francesco", "Sampieri, Claudio", "Carobbio, Andrea Luigi Camillo", "Peretti, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353792", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291137, "pmcid": "PMC7151347", "title": "Can we use interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS)?", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Liu, Bingwen", "Li, Min", "Zhou, Zhiguang", "Guan, Xuan", "Xiang, Yufei"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291137", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multiorgan dysfunction are among the leading causes of death in critically ill patients with COVID-19. The elevated inflammatory cytokines suggest that a cytokine storm, also known as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), may play a major role in the pathology of COVID-19. However, the efficacy of corticosteroids, commonly utilized antiinflammatory agents, to treat COVID-19-induced CRS is controversial. There is an urgent need for novel therapies to treat COVID-19-induced CRS. Here, we discuss the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-induced CRS, compare the CRS in COVID-19 with that in SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and summarize the existing therapies for CRS. We propose to utilize interleukin-6 (IL-6) blockade to manage COVID-19-induced CRS and discuss several factors that should be taken into consideration for its clinical application."}, {"pmid": 32278716, "pmcid": "PMC7146690", "title": "The Restructuring of Structural Heart Disease Practice During The Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Chung, Christine J", "Nazif, Tamim M", "Wolbinski, Mariusz", "Hakemi, Emad", "Lebehn, Mark", "Brandwein, Russell", "Rezende, Carolina Pinheiro", "Doolittle, James", "Rabbani, Leroy", "Uriel, Nir", "Schwartz, Allan", "Biviano, Angelo", "Wan, Elaine", "Hathaway, Lisa", "Hahn, Rebecca", "Khalique, Omar", "Hamid, Nadira", "Ng, Vivian", "Patel, Amisha", "Vahl, Torsten", "Kirtane, Ajay", "Bapat, Vinayak", "George, Isaac", "Leon, Martin B", "Kodali, Susheel K"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278716", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with structural heart disease are at increased risk of adverse outcomes from the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) due to advanced age and comorbidity. In the midst of a global pandemic of a novel infectious disease, reality-based considerations comprise an important starting point for formulating clinical management pathways. The aims of these \"crisis-driven\" recommendations are: 1) to ensure appropriate and timely treatment of structural heart disease patients; 2) to minimize the risk of COVID-19 exposure to patients and health care workers; and 3) to limit resource utilization under conditions of constraint. Although the degree of disruption to usual practice will vary across the United States and elsewhere, we hope that early experiences from a heart team operating in the current global epicenter of COVID-19 may prove useful for others adapting their practice in advance of local surges of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32463005, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Challenge for the Cardiovascular Health.", "journal": "Curr Cardiol Rev", "authors": ["Crisafulli, Antonio", "Pagliaro, Pasquale"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463005", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405134, "pmcid": "PMC7218399", "title": "[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and SARS-CoV-2 infection. What do we know so far?]", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Goncalves, Juan Marco Figueira", "Golpe, Rafael", "Garcia-Talavera, Ignacio"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405134", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521002, "title": "Antibody profiles in mild and severe cases of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Liu, Zhi-Li", "Liu, Yang", "Wan, La-Gen", "Xiang, Tian-Xin", "Le, Ai-Ping", "Liu, Peng", "Peiris, Malik", "Poon, Leo L M", "Zhang, Wei"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521002", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224296, "pmcid": "PMC7194718", "title": "Tracking COVID-19 responsibly.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Muhareb, Rania", "Giacaman, Rita"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224296", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285338, "pmcid": "PMC7153352", "title": "What Is the Appropriate Use of Laparoscopy over Open Procedures in the Current COVID-19 Climate?", "journal": "J Gastrointest Surg", "authors": ["Vigneswaran, Yalini", "Prachand, Vivek N", "Posner, Mitchell C", "Matthews, Jeffrey B", "Hussain, Mustafa"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285338", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Among surgeons worldwide, a concern with the use of minimally invasive techniques has been raised due to a proposed risk of viral transmission of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) with the creation of pneumoperitoneum. Due to this proposed concern, we sought to collect the available data and evaluate the use of laparoscopy and the risk of COVID-19 transmission. A literature review of viral transmission in surgery and of the available literature regarding the transmission of the COVID-19 virus was performed. We additionally reviewed surgical society guidelines and recommendations regarding surgery during this pandemic. Few studies have been performed on viral transmission during surgery, but to date there is no study that demonstrates or can suggest the ability for a virus to be transmitted during surgical treatment whether open or laparoscopic. There is no societal consensus on limiting or restricting laparoscopic or robotic surgery; however, there is expert consensus on the modification of standard practices to minimize any risk of transmission. Despite very little evidence to support viral transmission through laparoscopic or open approaches, we recommend making modifications to surgical practice such as the use of smoke evacuation and minimizing energy device use among other measures to minimize operative staff exposure to aerosolized particles."}, {"pmid": 32381617, "pmcid": "PMC7206495", "title": "Near-Complete Genome Sequence of a 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Strain Causing a COVID-19 Case in Peru.", "journal": "Microbiol Resour Announc", "authors": ["Padilla-Rojas, Carlos", "Lope-Pari, Priscila", "Vega-Chozo, Karolyn", "Balbuena-Torres, Johanna", "Caceres-Rey, Omar", "Bailon-Calderon, Henri", "Huaringa-Nunez, Maribel", "Rojas-Serrano, Nancy"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381617", "countries": ["Italy", "Peru"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A near-complete genome sequence was obtained for a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) strain obtained from an oropharyngeal swab from a Peruvian patient with coronavirus syndrome (COVID-19) who had contact with an individual who had returned to Peru from travel to Italy."}, {"pmid": 32395930, "title": "Emergency ventilatory support for acute adult respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19.", "journal": "Emergencias", "authors": ["Cinesi Gomez, Cesar", "Carratala Perales, Jose Manuel"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395930", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456441, "title": "Adapting to a new reality: COVID-19 coronavirus and online education in the health professions.", "journal": "Rural Remote Health", "authors": ["Seymour-Walsh, Amy E", "Bell, Andy", "Weber, Anthony", "Smith, Tony"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456441", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has effected a significant change in the way industry-based and tertiary health professions education (HPE) can occur. Advice for strict, widespread social distancing has catalysed the transformation of course delivery into fully online design across nations. This is problematic for HPE, which has traditionally relied on face-to-face learner interaction, in the form of skills laboratories, simulation training and industry-based clinical placements. The transition to online-only course delivery has brought with it a need to address particular issues regarding the construction and delivery of quality curricula and education activities. It is in this context that regional, rural and remote health professionals and academics can provide invaluable insights into the use of technology to overcome the tyranny of distance, promote high-quality online HPE and enable the ongoing development of communities of practice. This article is the first in a series addressing the risks and opportunities in the current transition to online HPE, providing practical solutions for educators who are now unable to embrace more traditional face-to-face HPE delivery methods and activities."}, {"pmid": 32369666, "title": "Incidence of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Middeldorp, Saskia", "Coppens, Michiel", "van Haaps, Thijs F", "Foppen, Merijn", "Vlaar, Alexander P", "Muller, Marcella C A", "Bouman, Catherine C S", "Beenen, Ludo F M", "Kootte, Ruud S", "Heijmans, Jarom", "Smits, Loek P", "Bonta, Peter I", "van Es, Nick"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369666", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can lead to\u00a0systemic\u00a0coagulation activation and thrombotic complications. We investigated the incidence of objectively confirmed venous thromboembolism (VTE) in 198 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in a single-center cohort study. Seventy-five patients (38%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). At time of data collection, 16 (8%) were still hospitalized and 19% had died. During a median follow-up of 7 days (IQR, 3-13), 39 patients (20%) were diagnosed with VTE of whom 25 (13%) had symptomatic VTE, despite routine thrombosis prophylaxis. The cumulative incidences of VTE at 7, 14 and 21 days were 16% (95% CI, 10-22), 33% (95% CI, 23-43) and 42% (95% CI 30-54) respectively. For symptomatic VTE, these were 10% (95% CI, 5.8-16), 21% (95% CI, 14-30) and 25% (95% CI 16-36). VTE appeared to be associated with death (adjusted HR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.02-5.5). The cumulative incidence of VTE was higher in the ICU (26% (95% CI, 17-37), 47% (95% CI, 34-58), and 59% (95% CI, 42-72) at 7, 14 and 21 days) than on the wards (any VTE and symptomatic VTE 5.8% (95% CI, 1.4-15), 9.2% (95% CI, 2.6-21), and 9.2% (2.6-21) at 7, 14, and 21 days). The observed risk for VTE in COVID-19 is high, particularly in ICU patients, which should lead to a high level of clinical suspicion and low threshold for diagnostic imaging for DVT or PE. Future research should focus on optimal diagnostic and prophylactic strategies to prevent VTE and potentially improve survival."}, {"pmid": 32219360, "title": "The Importance of Addressing Advance Care Planning and Decisions About Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders During Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Curtis, J Randall", "Kross, Erin K", "Stapleton, Renee D"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219360", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464158, "pmcid": "PMC7247486", "title": "Correlation between immune response and self-reported depression during convalescence from COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Yuan, Bo", "Li, Weixin", "Liu, Hanqing", "Cai, Xin", "Song, Shuo", "Zhao, Jia", "Hu, Xiaopeng", "Li, Zhiwen", "Chen, Yongxin", "Zhang, Kai", "Liu, Zhiyong", "Peng, Jing", "Wang, Cheng", "Wang, Jianchun", "An, Yawen"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464158", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Self-reported depression has been observed in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients, infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), during discharge from the hospital. However, the cause of this self-reported depression during the convalescent period remains unclear. Here, we report the mental health status of 96 convalescent COVID-19 patients who were surveyed using an online questionnaire at the Shenzhen Samii Medical Center from March 2 to March 12, 2020 in Shenzhen, China. After obtaining their informed consent, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients, including routine blood and biochemical data. The results suggested that patients with self-reported depression exhibited increased immune response, as indicated by increased white blood cell and neutrophil counts, as well as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. However, the mechanism linking self-reported depression to these cellular changes needs further study. In conclusion, self-reported depression occurred at an early stage in convalescent COVID-19 patients, and changes in immune function were apparent during short-term follow-up of these patients after discharge. Appropriate psychological interventions are necessary, and changes in immune function should be emphasized during long-term follow up of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32470522, "pmcid": "PMC7255225", "title": "Rethinking Respiratory Function Test Lab in the Era of COVID-19 : considerations about the \"today\" and the \"day after\".", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Carlo, Lombardi", "Manlio, Milanese", "Marcello, Cottini"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470522", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499922, "pmcid": "PMC7248455", "title": "ACE2 expression and sex disparity in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cell Death Discov", "authors": ["Gagliardi, Maria Cristina", "Tieri, Paolo", "Ortona, Elena", "Ruggieri, Anna"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499922", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298803, "pmcid": "PMC7152874", "title": "Are we facing a crashing wave of neuropsychiatric sequelae of COVID-19? Neuropsychiatric symptoms and potential immunologic mechanisms.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Troyer, Emily A", "Kohn, Jordan N", "Hong, Suzi"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298803", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is a significant psychological stressor in addition to its tremendous impact on every facet of individuals' lives and organizations in virtually all social and economic sectors worldwide. Fear of illness and uncertainty about the future precipitate anxiety- and stress-related disorders, and several groups have rightfully called for the creation and dissemination of robust mental health screening and treatment programs for the general public and front-line healthcare workers. However, in addition to pandemic-associated psychological distress, the direct effects of the virus itself (several acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2), and the subsequent host immunologic response, on the human central nervous system (CNS) and related outcomes are unknown. We discuss currently available evidence of COVID-19 related neuropsychiatric sequelae while drawing parallels to past viral pandemic-related outcomes. Past pandemics have demonstrated that diverse types of neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as encephalopathy, mood changes, psychosis, neuromuscular dysfunction, or demyelinating processes, may accompany acute viral infection, or may follow infection by weeks, months, or longer in recovered patients. The potential mechanisms are also discussed, including viral and immunological underpinnings. Therefore, prospective neuropsychiatric monitoring of individuals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 at various points in the life course, as well as their neuroimmune status, are needed to fully understand the long-term impact of COVID-19, and to establish a framework for integrating psychoneuroimmunology into epidemiologic studies of pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32449116, "pmcid": "PMC7245628", "title": "COVID-19 and Hidden Housing Vulnerabilities: Implications for Health Equity, New Haven, Connecticut.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Rosenberg, Alana", "Keene, Danya E", "Schlesinger, Penelope", "Groves, Allison K", "Blankenship, Kim M"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449116", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521329, "title": "Re:(In) visible impact of inadequate WaSH Provision on COVID-19 incidences can be not be ignored in large and megacities of India.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Das, A", "Ghosh, S", "Das, K", "Dutta, I", "Basu, T", "Das, M"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521329", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325642, "pmcid": "PMC7216271", "title": "A Novel Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Lu, Renfei", "Wu, Xiuming", "Wan, Zhenzhou", "Li, Yingxue", "Jin, Xia", "Zhang, Chiyu"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325642", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has become a major global public health burden, currently causing a rapidly growing number of infections and significant morbidity and mortality around the world. Early detection with fast and sensitive assays and timely intervention are crucial for interrupting the spread of the COVID-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2). Using a mismatch-tolerant amplification technique, we developed a simple, rapid, sensitive and visual reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay for SARS-CoV-2 detection based on its N gene. The assay has a high specificity and sensitivity, and robust reproducibility, and its results can be monitored using a real-time PCR machine or visualized via colorimetric change from red to yellow. The limit of detection (LOD) of the assay is 118.6 copies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA per 25 \u03bcL reaction. The reaction can be completed within 30 min for real-time fluorescence monitoring, or 40 min for visual detection when the template input is more than 200 copies per 25 \u03bcL reaction. To evaluate the viability of the assay, a comparison between the RT-LAMP and a commercial RT-qPCR assay was made using 56 clinical samples. The SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP assay showed perfect agreement in detection with the RT-qPCR assay. The newly-developed SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP assay is a simple and rapid method for COVID-19 surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32302284, "pmcid": "PMC7234717", "title": "Healthcare Ethics During a Pandemic.", "journal": "West J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Iserson, Kenneth V"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302284", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As clinicians and support personnel struggle with their responsibilities to treat during the current COVID-19 pandemic, several ethical issues have emerged. Will healthcare workers and support staff fulfill their duty to treat in the face of high risks? Will institutional and government leaders at all levels do the right things to help alleviate healthcare workers risks and fears? Will physicians be willing to make hard, resource-allocation decisions if they cannot first husband or improvise alternatives?With our healthcare facilities and governments unprepared for this inevitable disaster, front-line doctors, advanced providers, nurses, EMS, and support personnel struggle with acute shortages of equipment-both to treat patients and protect themselves. With their personal and possibly their family's lives and health at risk, they must weigh the option of continuing to work or retreat to safety. This decision, made daily, is based on professional and personal values, how they perceive existing risks-including available protective measures, and their perception of the level and transparency of information they receive. Often, while clinicians get this information, support personnel do not, leading to absenteeism and deteriorating healthcare services. Leadership can use good risk communication (complete, widely transmitted, and transparent) to align healthcare workers' risk perceptions with reality. They also can address the common problems healthcare workers must overcome to continue working (ie, risk mitigation techniques). Physicians, if they cannot sufficiently husband or improvise lifesaving resources, will have to face difficult triage decisions. Ideally, they will use a predetermined plan, probably based on the principles of Utilitarianism (maximizing the greatest good) and derived from professional and community input. Unfortunately, none of these plans is optimal."}, {"pmid": 32425656, "pmcid": "PMC7232930", "title": "The COVID-19 challenge to cardiac electrophysiologists: optimizing resources at a referral center.", "journal": "J Interv Card Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Mazzone, Patrizio", "Peretto, Giovanni", "Radinovic, Andrea", "Limite, Luca Rosario", "Marzi, Alessandra", "Sala, Simone", "Cireddu, Manuela", "Vegara, Pasquale", "Baratto, Francesca", "Paglino, Gabriele", "D'Angelo, Giuseppe", "Cianfanelli, Lorenzo", "Altizio, Savino", "Lipartiti, Felicia", "Frontera, Antonio", "Bisceglia, Caterina", "Gulletta, Simone", "Bella, Paolo Della"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425656", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe how a referral center for cardiac electrophysiology (EP) rapidly changed to comply with the ongoing COVID-19 healthcare emergency. We present retrospective data about the modification of daily activities at our EP unit, following the pandemic outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Italy. In particular, in the context of a pre-existing \"hub-and-spoke\" network, we describe how procedure types and volumes have changed in the last 3\u00a0months. Since our institution was selected as a COVID-19 referral center, the entire in-hospital activity was reorganized to assist more than 1000 COVID-positive cases. Only urgent EP procedures, including ventricular tachycardia ablation and extraction of infected devices, were both maintained and optimized to meet the needs of external hospitals. In addition, most of the non-urgent EP procedures were postponed. Finally, following prompt internal reorganization, both outpatient clinics and on-call services underwent significant modification, by integrating telemedicine support whenever applicable. We presented the fast reorganization of an EP referral center during the ongoing COVID-19 healthcare emergency. Our hub-and-spoke model may be useful for other centers, aiming at a cost-effective management of resources in the context of a global crisis."}, {"pmid": 32434789, "pmcid": "PMC7246106", "title": "Diffuse pneumonitis from coronavirus HKU1 on checkpoint inhibitor therapy.", "journal": "J Immunother Cancer", "authors": ["Serzan, Michael T", "Kumar, Princy N", "Atkins, Michael B"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434789", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can produce specific immune-related adverse events including pneumonitis. The impact of ICI therapy on the severity of acute coronavirus infection symptomatology warrants further exploration. We report a 65-year-old man diagnosed with stage IV melanoma who developed pulmonary and brain metastases and was treated with bilateral craniotomies followed by combined nivolumab and ipilimumab immunotherapy. He developed early-onset severe dyspnea associated with acute coronavirus HKU1 (non-COVID-19) infection, with diffuse pneumonitis evidenced by ground glass opacification on CT scan. He was treated with steroids leading to resolution of pneumonitis on repeat imaging, suggesting an exacerbated immune-mediated toxicity. We report the first case of a patient with melanoma with severe and reversible diffuse pneumonitis in association with coronavirus HKU1 following combined nivolumab and ipilimumab immunotherapy. Although we do not have data on the impact of ICI therapy on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) symptomatology, a possible interaction should be considered when deciding on dosing in patients with possible SARS-CoV-2 exposure or when evaluating patients with presumed ICI-related pneumonitis during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32447820, "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): An updated review based on current knowledge and existing literature for dermatologists.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kaur, Ishmeet", "Sharma, Aseem", "Jakhar, Deepak", "Das, Anupam", "Aradhya, Sujala Sacchidanand", "Sharma, Rashmi", "Jindal, Veenu", "Mhatre, Madhulika"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447820", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world entered the year 2020 with reports of the emergence of a new viral illness in Wuhan city, Hubei province, China. In January 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified to be the causative novel coronavirus for the cluster of patients suffering from pneumonia in China. The disease was later named as coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Several studies, since then, have tried to study and explain the origin of SARS-CoV-2, its structure and pathogenicity, epidemiology, modes of transmission, spectrum of illness and causes of mortality and morbidity. The current management strategies focus on supportive care and prevention of complications. With no definite treatment, as of now, encouraging reports of some anti-viral and anti-malarial drugs in the management of COVID-19 generate some hope. This review intends to cover the current known aspects of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-19, based on the available literature."}, {"pmid": 32314492, "pmcid": "PMC7235480", "title": "Doxycycline, a widely used antibiotic in dermatology with a possible anti-inflammatory action against IL-6 in COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Conforti, Claudio", "Giuffrida, Roberta", "Zalaudek, Iris", "Di Meo, Nicola"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314492", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482685, "title": "Covid-19: Leading statistician welcomes UK government's move to improve testing data.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482685", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419715, "pmcid": "PMC7225721", "title": "[COVID-19 and inflammatory bowel disease: questions arising from patient care and follow-up during the initial phase of the pandemic (February-April 2020)].", "journal": "Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Marin-Jimenez, Ignacio", "Zabana, Yamile", "Rodriguez-Lago, Iago", "Marin, Laura", "Acosta, Manuel Barreiro-de", "Esteve, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419715", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which was described in China in late 2019. There are currently more than three million diagnosed cases, constituting a pandemic which has caused a worldwide crisis. The devastating effects of this infection are due to its highly contagious nature and although mild forms predominate, in absolute values, the rates for severe forms and mortality are very high. The information on the characteristics of the infection in inflammatory bowel disease is of special interest, as these patients have higher attendance at health centres, which may increase their risk of infection. Furthermore, the treatments used to control the inflammatory activity may modify the disease course of COVID-19. The Spanish Working Group on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU) and the Spanish Nurses Working Group on Inflammatory Bowel Disease (GETEII) have prepared this document as a practical response to some common questions about the treatment of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32518172, "title": "Guillain-Barre syndrome: The first documented COVID-19-triggered autoimmune neurologic disease: More to come with myositis in the offing.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Dalakas, Marinos C"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518172", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To present the COVID-19-associated GBS, the prototypic viral-triggered autoimmune disease, in the context of other emerging COVID-19-triggered autoimmunities, and discuss potential concerns with ongoing neuroimmunotherapies. Eleven GBS cases in four key COVID-19 hotspots are discussed regarding presenting symptoms, response to therapies and cross-reactivity of COVID spike proteins with nerve glycolipids. Emerging cases of COVID-19-triggered autoimmune necrotizing myositis (NAM) and encephalopathies are also reviewed in the context of viral invasion, autoimmunity and ongoing immunotherapies. Collective data indicate that in this pandemic any patient presenting with an acute paralytic disease-like GBS, encephalomyelitis or myositis-even without systemic symptoms, may represent the first manifestation of COVID-19. Anosmia, ageusia, other cranial neuropathies and lymphocytopenia are red flags enhancing early diagnostic suspicion. In Miller-Fisher Syndrome, ganglioside antibodies against GD1b, instead of QG1b, were found; because the COVID-19 spike protein also binds to sialic acid-containing glycoproteins for cell-entry and anti-GD1b antibodies typically cause ataxic neuropathy, cross-reactivity between COVID-19-bearing gangliosides and peripheral nerve glycolipids was addressed. Elevated Creatine Kinase (>10,000) is reported in 10% of COVID-19-infected patients; two such patients presented with painful muscle weakness responding to IVIg indicating that COVID-19-triggered NAM is an overlooked entity. Cases of acute necrotizing brainstem encephalitis, cranial neuropathies with leptomeningeal enhancement, and tumefactive postgadolinium-enhanced demyelinating lesions are now emerging with the need to explore neuroinvasion and autoimmunity. Concerns for modifications-if any-of chronic immunotherapies with steroids, mycophenolate, azathioprine, IVIg, and anti-B-cell agents were addressed; the role of complement in innate immunity to viral responses and anti-complement therapeutics (i.e. eculizumab) were reviewed. Emerging data indicate that COVID-19 can trigger not only GBS but other autoimmune neurological diseases necessitating vigilance for early diagnosis and therapy initiation. Although COVID-19 infection, like most other viruses, can potentially worsen patients with pre-existing autoimmunity, there is no evidence that patients with autoimmune neurological diseases stable on common immunotherapies are facing increased risks of infection."}, {"pmid": 32370558, "pmcid": "PMC7218462", "title": "Atrial Arrhythmias in a Patient Presenting With Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Infection.", "journal": "J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep", "authors": ["Seecheran, Rajeev", "Narayansingh, Roshni", "Giddings, Stanley", "Rampaul, Marlon", "Furlonge, Kurt", "Abdool, Kamille", "Bhagwandass, Neal", "Seecheran, Naveen Anand"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370558", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has significant potential cardiovascular implications for patients. These include myocarditis, acute coronary syndromes, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies with heart failure and cardiogenic shock, and venous thromboembolic events. We describe a Caribbean-Black gentleman with COVID-19 infection presenting with atrial arrhythmias, namely, atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation, which resolved with rate and rhythm control strategies, and supportive care."}, {"pmid": 32485048, "title": "Increasing melanoma awareness amongst health and social care professionals in secondary care in an era of reduced skin cancer referrals.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Quinlan, C", "Gill, R", "Murphy, M"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485048", "countries": ["Ireland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Covid 19 outbreak has resulted in a reduction in cancer referrals. The Health Service Executive (HSE) in Ireland reports a reduction of 72% in pigmented lesion referrals since the pandemic began. This is concerning and likely reflects the fact that people are ignoring symptoms and delaying seeking medical advice due to fears related to Covid 19."}, {"pmid": 32047312, "title": "Coronavirus: why a permanent ban on wildlife trade might not work in China.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ribeiro, Joana", "Bingre, Pedro", "Strubbe, Diederik", "Reino, Luis"], "date": "2020-02-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32047312", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32454047, "pmcid": "PMC7245315", "title": "An evidence for correlation between the glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) polymorphism and outcome of COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Saadat, Mostafa"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454047", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385146, "pmcid": "PMC7211108", "title": "The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer perspective on regulation of interleukin-6 signaling in COVID-19-related systemic inflammatory response.", "journal": "J Immunother Cancer", "authors": ["Arnaldez, Fernanda I", "O'Day, Steven J", "Drake, Charles G", "Fox, Bernard A", "Fu, Bingqing", "Urba, Walter J", "Montesarchio, Vincenzo", "Weber, Jeffrey S", "Wei, Haiming", "Wigginton, Jon M", "Ascierto, Paolo Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385146", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has placed an unprecedented burden on healthcare systems around the world. In patients who experience severe disease, acute respiratory distress is often accompanied by a pathological immune reaction, sometimes referred to as 'cytokine storm'. One hallmark feature of the profound inflammatory state seen in patients with COVID-19 who succumb to pneumonia and hypoxia is marked elevation of serum cytokines, especially interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 17 (IL-17), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Initial experience from the outbreaks in Italy, China and the USA has anecdotally demonstrated improved outcomes for critically ill patients with COVID-19 with the administration of cytokine-modulatory therapies, especially anti-IL-6 agents. Although ongoing trials are investigating anti-IL-6 therapies, access to these therapies is a concern, especially as the numbers of cases worldwide continue to climb. An immunology-informed approach may help identify alternative agents to modulate the pathological inflammation seen in patients with COVID-19. Drawing on extensive experience administering these and other immune-modulating therapies, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer offers this perspective on potential alternatives to anti-IL-6 that may also warrant consideration for management of the systemic inflammatory response and pulmonary compromise that can be seen in patients with severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32125371, "title": "Response to COVID-19 in Taiwan: Big Data Analytics, New Technology, and Proactive Testing.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Wang, C Jason", "Ng, Chun Y", "Brook, Robert H"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125371", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354113, "title": "On Facing the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) with Combination of Nanomaterials and Medicine: Possible Strategies and First Challenges.", "journal": "Nanomaterials (Basel)", "authors": ["Sivasankarapillai, Vishnu Sankar", "Pillai, Akhilash M", "Rahdar, Abbas", "Sobha, Anumol P", "Das, Sabya Sachi", "Mitropoulos, Athanasios C", "Mokarrar, Mahboobeh Heidari", "Kyzas, George Z"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354113", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Global health is facing the most dangerous situation regarding the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome called coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is widely known as the abbreviated COVID-19 pandemic. This is due to the highly infectious nature of the disease and its possibility to cause pneumonia induced death in approximately 6.89% of infected individuals (data until 27 April 2020). The pathogen causing COVID-19 is called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is believed to be originated from the Wuhan Province in China. Unfortunately, an effective and approved vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 virus is still not available, making the situation more dangerous and currently available medical care futile. This unmet medical need thus requires significant and very urgent research attention to develop an effective vaccine to address the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this review, the state-of-the-art drug design strategies against the virus are critically summarized including exploitations of novel drugs and potentials of repurposed drugs. The applications of nanochemistry and general nanotechnology was also discussed to give the status of nanodiagnostic systems for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32470944, "title": "Letter to the Editor. Utilization of health personnel in developing countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Ansari, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470944", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513287, "title": "Acute cholecystitis during COVID-19 pandemic: a multisocietary position statement.", "journal": "World J Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Campanile, Fabio Cesare", "Podda, Mauro", "Arezzo, Alberto", "Botteri, Emanuele", "Sartori, Alberto", "Guerrieri, Mario", "Cassinotti, Elisa", "Muttillo, Irnerio", "Pisano, Marcello", "Brachet Contul, Riccardo", "D'Ambrosio, Giancarlo", "Cuccurullo, Diego", "Bergamini, Carlo", "Allaix, Marco Ettore", "Caracino, Valerio", "Petz, Wanda Luisa", "Milone, Marco", "Silecchia, Gianfranco", "Anania, Gabriele", "Agrusa, Antonino", "Di Saverio, Salomone", "Casarano, Salvatore", "Cicala, Caterina", "Narilli, Piero", "Federici, Sara", "Carlini, Massimo", "Paganini, Alessandro", "Bianchi, Paolo Pietro", "Salaj, Adelona", "Mazzari, Andrea", "Meniconi, Roberto Luca", "Puzziello, Alessandro", "Terrosu, Giovanni", "De Simone, Belinda", "Coccolini, Federico", "Catena, Fausto", "Agresta, Ferdinando"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513287", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the spread of the infection from the new SARS-CoV2 coronavirus in March 2020, several surgical societies have released their recommendations to manage the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic for the daily clinical practice. The recommendations on emergency surgery have fueled a debate among surgeons on an international level.We maintain that laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains the treatment of choice for acute cholecystitis, even in the COVID-19 era. Moreover, since laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not more likely to spread the COVID-19 infection than open cholecystectomy, it must be organized in such a way as to be carried out safely even in the present situation, to guarantee the patient with the best outcomes that minimally invasive surgery has shown to have."}, {"pmid": 32515379, "title": "Neurological manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Kanwar, Dureshahwar", "Baig, Abdul Mannan", "Wasay, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515379", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2) has turned out to be a formidable pandemic. Upcoming evidence from confirmed cases of COVID-19 suggests an anticipated incursion of patients with neurological manifestations in the weeks to come. An expression of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2), the cellular receptor for SARS-CoV-2 over the glial cells and neurons have made the brain a potential target. Neurotoxicity may occur as a result of direct, indirect and post-infectious complications. Attention to neurological deficits in COVID-19 is fundamental to ensure appropriate, timely, beneficial management of the affected patients. Most common neurological manifestations seen include dizziness, headache, impaired consciousness, acute cerebrovascular disease, ataxia, and seizures. Anosmia and ageusia have recently been hinted as significant early symptoms in COVID-19. As cases with neurological deficits in COVID-19 emerge, the overall prognosis is yet unknown."}, {"pmid": 32452375, "title": "[Covid-19: care protocols or research protocols?]", "journal": "Med Sci (Paris)", "authors": ["Amiel, Philippe", "Chneiweiss, Herve", "Dosquet, Christine"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452375", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32326943, "pmcid": "PMC7179791", "title": "Sexual and reproductive health (SRH): a key issue in the emergency response to the coronavirus disease (COVID- 19) outbreak.", "journal": "Reprod Health", "authors": ["Tang, Kun", "Gaoshan, Junjian", "Ahonsi, Babatunde", "Ali, Moazzam", "Bonet, Mercedes", "Broutet, Nathalie", "Kara, Edna", "Kim, Caron", "Thorson, Anna", "Thwin, Soe Soe"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326943", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak was first declared in China in December 2019, and WHO declared the pandemic on 11 March 2020. A fast-rising number of confirmed cases has been observed in all continents, with Europe at the epicentre of the outbreak at this moment.Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) and rights is a significant public health issue during the epidemics. The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is new to humans, and only limited scientific evidence is available to identify the impact of the disease COVID-19 on SRH, including clinical presentation and outcomes of the infection during pregnancy, or for persons with STI/HIV-related immunosuppression. Beyond the clinical scope of SRH, we should not neglect the impacts at the health system level and disruptions or interruptions in regular provision of SRH services, such as pre- and postnatal checks, safe abortion, contraception, HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections. Furthermore, other aspects merit attention such as the potential increase of gender-based violence and domestic abuse, and effects of stigma and discrimination associated with COVID-19 and their effects on SRH clients and health care providers. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the scientific community to generate sound clinical, epidemiological, and psycho-social behavioral links between COVID-19 and SRH and rights outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32350226, "title": "An assessment of real-time RT-PCR kits for SARS-CoV-2 detection.", "journal": "Jpn J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Okamaoto, Kiyoko", "Shirato, Kazuya", "Nao, NagaNaganori", "Saito, Shinji", "Kageyama, Tsutomu", "Hasegawa, Hideki", "Suzuki, Tadaki", "Matsuyama, Shutoku", "Takeda, Makoto"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350226", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan (China) in December 2019 is currently spreading rapidly and globally. We recently reported a laboratory diagnostic protocol for SARS-CoV-2 based on real-time RT-PCR assays using two primer sets, N and N2. On 30-31 January 2020, the protocol and reagents for these assays were distributed to local public health institutes and quarantine depots in Japan, and nationwide, SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing was started. For further validation, the assays were compared with the commercially available kits using SARS CoV-2 viral RNA and the clinical specimens obtained from COVID19-suspected individuals. The LightMix Modular SARS and Wuhan CoV E-gene (LN S&W-E) assay was highly sensitive for SARS-CoV-2, as was the N2 set, and both assays had perfectly consistent results with the clinical specimens. While the LM S&W-E set targets the highly conserved region of the E gene in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, the N2 set was designed to target the unique region in the SARS-CoV-2 N gene. Thus, the N2 set has high specificity and sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 detection. These indicate that the protocol using the N and N2 sets is comparable to commercially available kits and is reliable for the laboratory diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32498078, "title": "Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in the COVID-19 pandemic: consequences of antihypertensive drugs.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Ruilope, Luis M", "Tamargo, Juan", "Ruiz-Hurtado, Gema"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498078", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321705, "title": "Dynamic adaptation to COVID-19 in a Singapore paediatric emergency department.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Tan, Ronald Ming Ren", "Ong, Gene Yong-Kwang", "Chong, Shu-Ling", "Ganapathy, Sashikumar", "Tyebally, Arif", "Lee, Khai Pin"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321705", "countries": ["Singapore", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Singapore was one of the earliest countries affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with more laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases in early February 2020 than any other country outside China. This short report is a narrative review of our tertiary paediatric emergency department (ED) perspective and experience managing the evolving outbreak situation. Logistic considerations included the segregation of the ED into physically separate high-risk, intermediate-risk and low-risk areas, with risk-adapted use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for healthcare personnel in each ED area. Workflow considerations included the progressive introduction of outpatient COVID-19 testing in the ED for enhanced surveillance; adapting the admissions process particularly for high-risk and intermediate-risk cases; and the management of unwell accompanying adult caregivers. Manpower considerations included the reorganisation of medical manpower into modular teams to mitigate the risk of hospital transmission of COVID-19. Future plans for a tiered isolation facility should include structural modifications for the permanent isolation facility such as anterooms for PPE donning/doffing; replication of key ED functions in the tent facility such as a separate resuscitation room and portable X-ray room; and refresher PPE training. Dynamic reassessment of ED workflow processes, in conjunction with the hospital and national public health response, may help in managing this novel disease entity."}, {"pmid": 32503891, "title": "The paradox of success and public perspective: COVID-19 and the perennial problem of prevention.", "journal": "J Epidemiol Community Health", "authors": ["Messinger Cayetano, Shari", "Crandall, Lee"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503891", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467091, "title": "Covid-19: Johnson is on back foot over next steps to control pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["O'Dowd, Adrian"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467091", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32109444, "pmcid": "PMC7102581", "title": "Coronavirus 2019-nCoV: A brief perspective from the front line.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Han, Qingmei", "Lin, Qingqing", "Jin, Shenhe", "You, Liangshun"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32109444", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus, designated as 2019-nCoV, hit the central Chinese city of Wuhan in late December 2019, and subsequently spread rapidly to all provinces of China and multiple countries. As of 0:00 am February 9, 2020, a total of 37,287 cases have been confirmed infection of 2019-nCoV in China mainland, and 302 cases have also been cumulatively reported from 24 countries. According to the latest data, a total of 813 deaths occurred in China mainland, with the mortality reaching approximately 2.2%. At present, there is no vaccine or specific drugs for the human coronavirus. Therefore, it is critical to understand the nature of the virus and its clinical characteristics, in order to respond to the 2019-nCoV outbreak. Thus, the present study briefly but comprehensively summarizes the not much but timely reports on the 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32213507, "title": "Covid-19: a remote assessment in primary care.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Greenhalgh, Trisha", "Koh, Gerald Choon Huat", "Car, Josip"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213507", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410206, "pmcid": "PMC7221339", "title": "Clinical characteristics and drug therapies in patients with the common-type coronavirus disease 2019 in Hunan, China.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pharm", "authors": ["Huang, Qiong", "Deng, Xuanyu", "Li, Yongzhong", "Sun, Xuexiong", "Chen, Qiong", "Xie, Mingxuan", "Liu, Shao", "Qu, Hui", "Liu, Shouxian", "Wang, Ling", "He, Gefei", "Gong, Zhicheng"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410206", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Clinical characteristics of patients with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may present differently within and outside the epicenter of Wuhan, China. More clinical investigations are needed. Objective The study was aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and therapeutic methods of COVID-19 patients in Hunan, China. Setting The First Hospital of Changsha, First People's Hospital of Huaihua, and the Central Hospital of Loudi, Hunan province, China. Methods This was a retrospective multi-center case-series analysis. Patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis hospitalized at the study centers from January 17 to February 10, 2020, were included. The following data were obtained from electronic medical records: demographics, medical history, exposure history, underlying comorbidities, symptoms, signs, laboratory findings, computer tomography scans, and treatment measures. Main outcome measure Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatments. Results A total of 54 patients were included (51 had the common-type COVID-19, three had the severe-type), the median age was 41, and 52% of them were men. The median time from the first symptoms to hospital admission was seven days. Among patients with the common-type COVID-19, the median length of stay was nine days, and 21\u00a0days among patients with severe COVID-19. The most common symptoms at the onset of illness were fever (74.5%), cough (56.9%), and fatigue (43.1%) among patients in the common-type group. Fourteen patients (37.8%) had a reduced WBC count, 23 (62.2%) had reduced eosinophil ratio, and 21 (56.76%) had decreased eosinophil count. The most common patterns on chest-computed tomography were ground-glass opacity (52.2%) and patchy bilateral shadowing (73.9%). Pharmacotherapy included recombinant human interferon \u03b12b, lopinavir/ritonavir, novaferon, antibiotics, systematic corticosteroids and traditional Chinese medicine prescription. The outcome of treatment indicated that in patients with the common-type COVID-19, interferon-\u03b12b, but not novaferon, had some benefits, antibiotics treatment was not needed, and corticosteroids should be used cautiously. Conclusion As of February 10, 2020, the symptoms of COVID-19 patients in Hunan province were relatively mild comparing to patients in Wuhan, the epicenter. We observed some treatment benefits with interferon-\u03b12b and corticosteroid therapies but not with novaferon and antibiotic treatment in our study population."}, {"pmid": 32357959, "title": "An 81 nucleotide deletion in SARS-CoV-2 ORF7a identified from sentinel surveillance in Arizona (Jan-Mar 2020).", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Holland, LaRinda A", "Kaelin, Emily A", "Maqsood, Rabia", "Estifanos, Bereket", "Wu, Lily I", "Varsani, Arvind", "Halden, Rolf U", "Hogue, Brenda G", "Scotch, Matthew", "Lim, Efrem S"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357959", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On January 26 2020, the first Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) case was reported in Arizona (3rd case in the US) (1).\u2026."}, {"pmid": 32429948, "pmcid": "PMC7235547", "title": "Costing of actions to safeguard vulnerable Mexican households with young children from the consequences of COVID-19 social distancing measures.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Vilar-Compte, Mireya", "Perez, Victor", "Teruel, Graciela", "Alonso, Aranzazu", "Perez-Escamilla, Rafael"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429948", "countries": ["Mexico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has imposed unprecedented challenges to society. As the pandemic evolves, the social distancing measures that have been globally enforced, while essential, are having undesirable socioeconomic side effects particularly among vulnerable populations. In Mexico, families who depend upon informal employment face increased threats to their wellbeing, and households who in addition have young children may face long-term consequences. The Mexican government has not yet taken actions, but a coalition of non-governmental organizations is advocating in partnership with academic institutions for social protection actions such as a cash transfer and basic services subsidies for families with young children, subsisting from the informal sector economy. To facilitate governmental action, we estimated the costs for implementation of these recommendations. The methodology used could be replicated in other countries facing similar challenges."}, {"pmid": 32459123, "pmcid": "PMC7265107", "title": "Mechanistic inferences from clinical reports of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Jenkins, Meagan M", "McCaw, Tyler R", "Goepfert, Paul A"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459123", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the causative pathogen in an outbreak of viral pneumonia cases originating in Wuhan, China, with an ensuing rapid global spread that led it to be declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. Given the threat to public health posed by sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the literature surrounding patient presentation in severe and non-severe cases, transmission rates and routes, management strategies, and initial clinical trial results have become available at an unprecedented pace. In this review we collate current clinical and immunologic reports, comparing these to reports of previous coronaviruses to identify mechanisms driving progression to severe disease in some patients. In brief, we propose a model wherein dysregulated type I interferon signalling leads to aberrant recruitment and accumulation of innate immune lineages in the lung, impairing establishment of productive adaptive responses, and permitting a pathologic pro-inflammatory state. Finally, we extend these findings to suggest possible treatment options that may merit investigation in randomized clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 31994742, "pmcid": "PMC7167192", "title": "Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Wang, Weier", "Tang, Jianming", "Wei, Fangqiang"], "date": "2020-01-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31994742", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To help health workers and the public recognize and deal with the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) quickly, effectively, and calmly with an updated understanding. A comprehensive search from Chinese and worldwide official websites and announcements was performed between 1 December 2019 and 9:30 am 26 January 2020 (Beijing time). A latest summary of 2019-nCoV and the current outbreak was drawn. Up to 24 pm, 25 January 2020, a total of 1975 cases of 2019-nCoV infection were confirmed in mainland China with a total of 56 deaths having occurred. The latest mortality was approximately 2.84% with a total of 2684 cases still suspected. The China National Health Commission reported the details of the first 17 deaths up to 24 pm, 22 January 2020. The deaths included 13 males and 4 females. The median age of the people who died was 75 (range 48-89) years. Fever (64.7%) and cough (52.9%) were the most common first symptoms among those who died. The median number of days from the occurence of the first symptom to death was 14.0 (range 6-41) days, and it tended to be shorter among people aged 70 years or more (11.5 [range 6-19] days) than those aged less than 70 years (20 [range 10-41] days; P\u2009=\u2009.033). The 2019-nCoV infection is spreading and its incidence is increasing nationwide. The first deaths occurred mostly in elderly people, among whom the disease might progress faster. The public should still be cautious in dealing with the virus and pay more attention to protecting the elderly people from the virus."}, {"pmid": 32305321, "pmcid": "PMC7159865", "title": "Corrigendum to \"World Health Organization declares Global Emergency: A review of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)\" [Int. J. Surg. 76 (2020) 71-76].", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Sohrabi, Catrin", "Alsafi, Zaid", "O'Neill, Niamh", "Khan, Mehdi", "Kerwan, Ahmed", "Al-Jabir, Ahmed", "Iosifidis, Christos", "Agha, Riaz"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305321", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305345, "pmcid": "PMC7161477", "title": "ERCP during the pandemic of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Gastrointest Endosc", "authors": ["An, Ping", "Huang, Xu", "Wan, Xinyue", "Xiao, Yong", "Zhang, Jun", "Kang, Jian", "Liu, Jun", "Hu, Dan", "Wang, Yang", "Ren, Haixia", "Chen, Di", "Wang, Xuefen", "Zhou, Zhongyin", "Yu, Honggang"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305345", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501798, "title": "Aquagenic Syringeal Acrokeratoderma from Extensive Water Immersion during the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak.", "journal": "Skinmed", "authors": ["Kazandjieva, Jana", "Tsankov, Nikolai", "Darlenski, Razvigor"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501798", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486283, "title": "Reporter Replicons for Antiviral Drug Discovery against Positive Single-Stranded RNA Viruses.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Fernandes, Rafaela S", "Freire, Marjorie C L C", "Bueno, Renata V", "Godoy, Andre S", "Gil, Laura H V G", "Oliva, Glaucius"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486283", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Single-stranded positive RNA ((+) ssRNA) viruses include several important human pathogens. Some members are responsible for large outbreaks, such as Zika virus, West Nile virus, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, while others are endemic, causing an enormous global health burden. Since vaccines or specific treatments are not available for most viral infections, the discovery of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) is an urgent need. Still, the low-throughput nature of and biosafety concerns related to traditional antiviral assays hinders the discovery of new inhibitors. With the advances of reverse genetics, reporter replicon systems have become an alternative tool for the screening of DAAs. Herein, we review decades of the use of (+) ssRNA viruses replicon systems for the discovery of antiviral agents. We summarize different strategies used to develop those systems, as well as highlight some of the most promising inhibitors identified by the method. Despite the genetic alterations introduced, reporter replicons have been shown to be reliable systems for screening and identification of viral replication inhibitors and, therefore, an important tool for the discovery of new DAAs."}, {"pmid": 32376003, "pmcid": "PMC7187820", "title": "Re: Covid-19 and ortho and trauma surgery: The Italian experience.", "journal": "Injury", "authors": ["Yadav, Sandeep Kumar", "Khatana, Shruti", "Kumar, Awkash"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376003", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395572, "pmcid": "PMC7207136", "title": "Dataset of Vietnamese student's learning habits during COVID-19.", "journal": "Data Brief", "authors": ["Trung, Tran", "Hoang, Anh-Duc", "Nguyen, Trung Tien", "Dinh, Viet-Hung", "Nguyen, Yen-Chi", "Pham, Hiep-Hung"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395572", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A dataset was constructed to examine Vietnamese student's learning habits during the time schools were suspended due to the novel coronavirus - SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), in response to a call for interdisciplinary research on the potential effects of the coronavirus pandemic (Elsevier, 2020). The questionnaires were spread over a network of educational communities on Facebook from February 7 to February 28, 2020. Using the snowball sampling method, researchers delivered the survey to teachers and parents to provide formal consent before they forwarded it to their students and children. In order to measure the influence of students' socioeconomic status and occupational aspirations on their learning habits during school closures, the survey included three major groups of questions: (1) Individual demographics, including family socioeconomic status, school type, and occupational aspirations; (2) Student's learning habits, including hours of learning before and during the period of school suspension, with and without other people's support; and (3) Students' perceptions of their self-learning during the school closures. There was a total of 920 clicks on the survey link, but only 460 responses accompanied by consent forms were received. Non-credible answers (e.g., year of birth after 2009, more than 20 hours of learning per day) were eliminated. The final dataset included 420 valid observations."}, {"pmid": 32464700, "title": "Use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in low- and middle-income countries: a call for ethical principles and the assurance of quality and safety.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Epstein, Jay", "Smid, Martin", "Wendel, Silvano", "Somuah, Daniel", "Burnouf, Thierry"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most high-income countries are aggressively engaged in the collection and research evaluation of convalescent plasma as a specific passive immunotherapy for treatment of COVID-19. Preliminary clinical data fully support such initiatives. Outbreaks of COVID-19 are now dramatically affecting LMIC, which have restricted capability for ensuring organized and controlled collection of safe blood and plasma collection due to fragmented blood systems with limited oversight, infrastructure, equipment, and trained personnel. Nevertheless, there is an urgent effort in LMIC to provide COVID-19 convalescent plasma as a potentially effective therapy that can be produced locally. The Working Party on Global Blood Safety of the International Society of Blood Transfusion has published \"Points to consider in the preparation and transfusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma in low- and middle- income countries\". The purpose of this commentary is to provide an urgent general frame of ethical and technical recommendations on the use of convalescent plasma to treat patients affected by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in LMIC. Key ethical, quality, and safety guidance for the selection of donors, the collection and processing of blood, and the transfusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma should be followed. Governments should be reminded that an adequate supply of quality and safe blood components for transfusion is essential to meet the primary healthcare needs of the population. The response to the COVID-19 epidemic highlights the importance of capacity building for an organized and sustainable national blood system while steps are taken to provide appropriately collected, tested and processed COVID-19 convalescent plasma for investigational clinical use."}, {"pmid": 32475396, "pmcid": "PMC7255101", "title": "[COVID-19 and cancers. Summary of French guidelines from medical societies and their evolution].", "journal": "Bull Cancer", "authors": ["Rodrigues, Manuel"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475396", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292212, "pmcid": "PMC7152864", "title": "Photopolarimetrical properties of coronavirus model particles: spike proteins number influence.", "journal": "J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transf", "authors": ["Petrov, Dmitry"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292212", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus virions have spherical shape surrounded by spike proteins. The coronavirus spike proteins are very effective molecular mechanisms, which provide the coronavirus entrance to the host cell. The number of these spikes is different; it dramatically depends on external conditions and determines the degree of danger of the virus. A larger number of spike proteins makes the virus infectivity stronger. This paper describes a mathematical model of the shape of coronavirus virions. Based on this model, the characteristics of light scattered by the coronavirus virions were calculated. It was found two main features of coronavirus model particles in the spectral region near 200nm: a minimum of intensity and a sharp leap of the linear polarization degree. The effect of the spike protein number on the intensity and polarization properties of the scattered light was studied. It was determined that when the number of spike proteins decreases, both the intensity minimum and the position of the linear polarization leap shift to shorter wavelengths. This allows us to better evaluate the shape of the coronavirus virion, and, therefore, the infectious danger of the virus. It was shown that the shorter the wavelength of scattered light, the more reliably one can distinguish viruses from non-viruses. The developed model and the light scattering simulations based on it can be applied not only to coronaviruses, but also to other objects of a similar structure, for example, pollen."}, {"pmid": 32395708, "pmcid": "PMC7211576", "title": "COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities in the care sector.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Cecula, Paulina", "Behan, Sir David", "Maruthappu, Dr Mahiben"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395708", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488158, "title": "Heat and coronavirus can be twin killers.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["McPhearson, Timon", "Mustafa, Ahmed", "Ortiz, Luis"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488158", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312732, "title": "Covid-19: \"Steady the front line! There is no retreat from here\".", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Muir, Gordon", "Boff, Jonathan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312732", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32119831, "pmcid": "PMC7129529", "title": "Coronavirus outbreak: the role of companies in preparedness and responses.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Fadel, Marc", "Salomon, Jerome", "Descatha, Alexis"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32119831", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493331, "pmcid": "PMC7268588", "title": "An evidence mapping and analysis of registered COVID-19 clinical trials in China.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Lu, Liming", "Li, Fan", "Wen, Hao", "Ge, Shuqi", "Zeng, Jingchun", "Luo, Wen", "Wang, Lai", "Tang, Chunzhi", "Xu, Nenggui"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493331", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article aims to summarize the key characteristics of registered trials of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19), in terms of their spatial and temporal distributions, types of design and interventions, and patient characteristics among others. A comprehensive search of the registered COVID-19 trials has been performed on platforms including ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP), Chinese Clinical Trials Registry (CHiCTR), Australian Clinical Trials Registry, Britain's National Research Register (BNRR), Current Control Trials (CCT), and Glaxo Smith Kline Register. Trials registered at the first 8\u00a0weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak are included, without language restrictions. For each study, the registration information, study design, and administrator information are collected and summarized. A total of 220 registered trials were evaluated as of February 27, 2020. Hospital-initiated trials were the majority and account for 80% of the sample. Among the trials, pilot studies and phase 4 trials are more common and represent 35% and 19.1% of the sample, respectively. The median sample size of the registered trials is 100, with interquartile range 60-240. Further, 45.9% of the trials mentioned information on a data monitoring committee. 54.5% of the trials did not specify the disease severity among patients they intend to recruit. Four types of interventions are most common in the experimental groups across the registered studies: antiviral drugs, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), biological agents, and hormone drugs. Among them, the TCM and biological agents are frequently used in pilot study and correspond to a variety of primary endpoints. In contrast, trials with antiviral drugs have more targeted primary outcomes such as \"COVID-19 nucleic acid test\" and \"28-day mortality.\" We provide an evidence mapping and analysis of registered COVID-19 clinical trials in China. In particular, it is critical for ongoing and future studies to refine their research hypothesis and better identify their intervention therapies and the corresponding primary outcomes. It is also imperative for multiple public health divisions and research institutions to work together for integrative clinical data capture and sharing, with a common objective of improving future studies that evaluate COVID-19 interventions."}, {"pmid": 32472069, "title": "Questions remain following first COVID-19 vaccine results.", "journal": "Nat Biotechnol", "authors": ["Sheridan, Cormac"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472069", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461554, "pmcid": "PMC7253147", "title": "Colchicine's effects on metabolic and inflammatory molecules in adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome: results from a pilot randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Int J Obes (Lond)", "authors": ["Demidowich, Andrew P", "Levine, Jordan A", "Apps, Richard", "Cheung, Foo K", "Chen, Jinguo", "Fantoni, Giovanna", "Patel, Tushar P", "Yanovski, Jack A"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461554", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that colchicine may have metabolic and cardiovascular and benefits in at-risk patients; however, the mechanisms through which colchicine may improve outcomes are still unclear. We sought to examine colchicine's effects on circulating inflammatory and metabolic molecules in adults with obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Blood samples were collected pre- and post-intervention during a double-blind randomized controlled trial in which 40 adults with obesity and MetS were randomized to colchicine 0.6\u2009mg or placebo twice-daily for 3 months. Serum samples were analyzed for 1305 circulating factors using the SomaScan Platform. The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was used to adjust the false discovery rate (FDR) for multiple testing. At baseline, age (48.0\u2009\u00b1\u200913.8 vs. 44.7\u2009\u00b1\u200910.3 years) and BMI (39.8\u2009\u00b1\u20096.4 vs. 41.8\u2009\u00b1\u20098.2\u2009kg/m2) were not different between groups. After controlling for the FDR, 34 molecules were significantly changed by colchicine. Colchicine decreased concentrations of multiple inflammatory molecules, including C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, and resistin, in addition to vascular-related proteins (e.g., oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor, phosphodiesterase 5A). Conversely, relative to placebo, colchicine significantly increased concentrations of eight molecules including secreted factors associated with metabolism and anti-thrombosis. In adults with obesity, colchicine significantly affected concentrations of proteins involved in the innate immune system, endothelial function and atherosclerosis, uncovering new mechanisms behind its cardiometabolic effects. Further research is warranted to investigate whether colchicine's IL-6 suppressive effects may be beneficial in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32305329, "pmcid": "PMC7151485", "title": "Cardiovascular and Logistic Issues Associated With COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Heart Lung Circ", "authors": ["Robert Denniss, A", "Chow, Clara K", "Kritharides, Leonard"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305329", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409503, "title": "The Diagnosis and Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["McIntyre, H David", "Moses, Robert G"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409503", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302206, "title": "Reply to \"CT Findings of Pregnant Women With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia\".", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Li, Lin", "Liu, Dehan", "Yang, Lian"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302206", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32187288, "title": "The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emergency and the role of timely and effective national health surveillance.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Lana, Raquel Martins", "Coelho, Flavio Codeco", "Gomes, Marcelo Ferreira da Costa", "Cruz, Oswaldo Goncalves", "Bastos, Leonardo Soares", "Villela, Daniel Antunes Maciel", "Codeco, Claudia Torres"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294811, "title": "[The keypoints in treatment of the critical coronavirus disease 2019 patient(2)].", "journal": "Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, X Y", "Du, B", "Wang, Y S", "Kang, H Y J", "Wang, F", "Sun, B", "Qiu, H B", "Tong, Z H"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294811", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The treatment of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) faces compelling challenges. In this issue, we'd like to share our first-line treatment experience in treating COVID-19. Hemodynamics need be closely monitored and different types of shock should be distinguished. Vasoconstrictor drugs should be used rationally and alerting of complications is of the same importance. The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) needs to be assessed, and effective prevention should be carried out for high-risk patients. It is necessary to consider the possibility of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in patients with sudden onset of oxygenation deterioration, respiratory distress, reduced blood pressure. However, comprehensive analysis of disease state should be taken into the interpretation of abnormally elevated D-Dimer. Nutritional support is the basis of treatment. It's important to establish individual therapy regimens and to evaluate, monitor and adjust dynamically. Under the current epidemic situation, convalescent plasma can only be used empirically, indications need to be strictly screened, the blood transfusion process should be closely monitored and the curative effect should be dynamically evaluated."}, {"pmid": 32322486, "pmcid": "PMC7172861", "title": "Intravenous Vitamin C for reduction of cytokines storm in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.", "journal": "PharmaNutrition", "authors": ["Boretti, Alberto", "Banik, Bimal Krishna"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322486", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of Covid19 has required urgent treatments for numerous patients. No suitable vaccines or antivirals are available for Covid19. The efficiency against Covid19 of WHO therapies of choice, that are two antivirals developed for other pathologies, is controversial. Therefore, alternative approaches are required. Intravenous (IV) Vitamin C (Vit-C) has emerged as one of the other alternatives for this purpose. Here we review the effects of IV Vit-C on the immune system response, the antiviral properties of IV Vit-C, and finally the antioxidant properties of IV Vit-C to specifically address the cytokines' storm characteristic of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) that occur in the later cycle of the Covid19 infectious disease."}, {"pmid": 32339474, "pmcid": "PMC7182520", "title": "Determining risk factors for mortality in liver transplant patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Webb, Gwilym J", "Moon, Andrew M", "Barnes, Eleanor", "Barritt, A Sidney", "Marjot, Thomas"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339474", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503700, "pmcid": "PMC7129086", "title": "ASE Statement on Protection of Patients and Echocardiography Service Providers During the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak: Endorsed by the American College of Cardiology.", "journal": "J Am Soc Echocardiogr", "authors": ["Kirkpatrick, James N", "Mitchell, Carol", "Taub, Cynthia", "Kort, Smadar", "Hung, Judy", "Swaminathan, Madhav"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503700", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434800, "title": "World leaders adopt resolution to study WHO's response to covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434800", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451345, "title": "Response to: 'Are patients with systemic lupus erythematosus at increased risk for COVID-19?' by Favalli et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Mathian, Alexis", "Amoura, Zahir"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451345", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305831, "pmcid": "PMC7141482", "title": "Flash survey on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infections in paediatric patients on anticancer treatment.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Hrusak, Ondrej", "Kalina, Tomas", "Wolf, Joshua", "Balduzzi, Adriana", "Provenzi, Massimo", "Rizzari, Carmelo", "Rives, Susana", "Del Pozo Carlavilla, Maria", "Alonso, Maria E V", "Dominguez-Pinilla, Nerea", "Bourquin, Jean-Pierre", "Schmiegelow, Kjeld", "Attarbaschi, Andishe", "Grillner, Pernilla", "Mellgren, Karin", "van der Werff Ten Bosch, Jutte", "Pieters, Rob", "Brozou, Triantafyllia", "Borkhardt, Arndt", "Escherich, Gabriele", "Lauten, Melchior", "Stanulla, Martin", "Smith, Owen", "Yeoh, Allen E J", "Elitzur, Sarah", "Vora, Ajay", "Li, Chi-Kong", "Ariffin, Hany", "Kolenova, Alexandra", "Dallapozza, Luciano", "Farah, Roula", "Lazic, Jelena", "Manabe, Atsushi", "Styczynski, Jan", "Kovacs, Gabor", "Ottoffy, Gabor", "Felice, Maria S", "Buldini, Barbara", "Conter, Valentino", "Stary, Jan", "Schrappe, Martin"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305831", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the beginning of COVID-19 pandemic, it is known that the severe course of the disease occurs mostly among the elderly, whereas it is rare among children and young adults. Comorbidities, in particular, diabetes and hypertension, clearly associated with age, besides obesity and smoke, are strongly associated with the need for intensive treatment and a dismal outcome. A weaker immunity of the elderly has been proposed as a possible explanation of this uneven age distribution. Thus, there is concern that children treated for cancer may allso be at risk for an unfavourable course of infection. Along the same line, anecdotal information from Wuhan, China, mentioned a severe course of COVID-19 in a child treated for leukaemia. We made a flash survey on COVID-19 incidence and severity among children on anticancer treatment. Respondents were asked by email to fill in a short Web-based survey. We received reports from 25 countries, where approximately 10,000 patients at risk are followed up. At the time of the survey, more than 200 of these children were tested, nine of whom were positive for COVID-19. Eight of the nine cases had asymptomatic to mild disease, and one was just diagnosed with COVID-19. We also discuss preventive measures that are in place or should be taken and treatment options in immunocompromised children with COVID-19. Thus, even children receiving anticancer chemotherapy may have a mild or asymptomatic course of COVID-19. While we should not underestimate the risk of developing a more severe course of COVID-19 than that observed here, the intensity of preventive measures should not cause delays or obstructions in oncological treatment."}, {"pmid": 32405253, "pmcid": "PMC7219384", "title": "Combination of four clinical indicators predicts the severe/critical symptom of patients infected COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Sun, Liping", "Liu, Gang", "Song, Fengxiang", "Shi, Nannan", "Liu, Fengjun", "Li, Shenyang", "Li, Ping", "Zhang, Weihan", "Jiang, Xiao", "Zhang, Yongbin", "Sun, Lining", "Chen, Xiong", "Shi, Yuxin"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405253", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32396550, "pmcid": "PMC7217455", "title": "Virus detections among patients with severe acute respiratory illness, Northern Vietnam.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Le, Yen H", "Nguyen, Khanh C", "Coleman, Kristen K", "Nguyen, Tham T", "Than, Son T", "Phan, Hai H", "Nguyen, Manh D", "Ngu, Nghia D", "Phan, Dan T", "Hoang, Phuong V M", "Trieu, Long P", "Bailey, Emily S", "Warkentien, Tyler E", "Gray, Gregory C"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396550", "countries": ["Singapore", "Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) is a major cause of death and morbidity in low- and middle-income countries, however, the etiologic agents are often undetermined due to the lack of molecular diagnostics in hospitals and clinics. To examine evidence for select viral infections among patients with SARI in northern Vietnam, we studied 348 nasopharyngeal samples from military and civilian patients admitted to 4 hospitals in the greater Hanoi area from 2017-2019. Initial screening for human respiratory viral pathogens was performed in Hanoi, Vietnam at the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE) or the Military Institute of Preventative Medicine (MIPM), and an aliquot was shipped to Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore for validation. Patient demographics were recorded and used to epidemiologically describe the infections. Among military and civilian cases of SARI, 184 (52.9%) tested positive for one or more respiratory viruses. Influenza A virus was the most prevalent virus detected (64.7%), followed by influenza B virus (29.3%), enterovirus (3.8%), adenovirus (1.1%), and coronavirus (1.1%). Risk factor analyses demonstrated an increased risk of influenza A virus detection among military hospital patients (adjusted OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.2-3.2), and an increased risk of influenza B virus detection among patients enrolled in year 2017 (adjusted OR, 7.9; 95% CI, 2.7-22.9). As influenza A and B viruses were commonly associated with SARI and are treatable, SARI patients entering these hospitals would benefit if the hospitals were able to adapt onsite molecular diagnostics."}, {"pmid": 32522596, "title": "Recent Advances in Molecular diagnosis curbing the COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Aziz, Hafsa", "Fatima, Shazia", "Iqbal, Huma", "Faheem, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522596", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343366, "pmcid": "PMC7267528", "title": "Post-Acute Care Preparedness in a COVID-19 World.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Tumlinson, Anne", "Altman, William", "Glaudemans, Jon", "Gleckman, Howard", "Grabowski, David C"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343366", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a surge of patients requiring post-acute care. In order to support federal, state and corporate planning, we offer a four-stage regionally oriented approach to achieving optimal systemwide resource allocation across a region's post-acute service settings and providers over time. In the first stage, the post-acute care system must, to the extent possible, help relieve acute hospitals of non-COVID-19 patients to create as much inpatient capacity as possible over the surge period. In the second stage after the initial surge as subsided, post-acute providers must protect vulnerable populations from COVID-19, prepare treat-in-place protocols for non-COVID-19 admissions, and create and formalize COVID-19 specific settings. In the third stage after a vaccine has been developed or an effective prophylactic option is available, post-acute care providers must assist with distribution and administration of vaccinations and prophylaxis, develop strategies to deliver non-COVID-19 related medical care, and begin to transition to the post-COVID-19 landscape. In the final stage, we must create health advisory bodies to review post-acute sector's response, identify opportunities to improve performance going forward, and develop a pandemic response plan for post-acute care providers."}, {"pmid": 32392510, "pmcid": "PMC7162433", "title": "Open access epidemiologic data and an interactive dashboard to monitor the COVID-19 outbreak in Canada.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Berry, Isha", "Soucy, Jean-Paul R", "Tuite, Ashleigh", "Fisman, David"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392510", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323891, "pmcid": "PMC7264593", "title": "The need for neurologists in the care of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Sellner, J", "Taba, P", "Ozturk, S", "Helbok, R"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323891", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395222, "pmcid": "PMC7202334", "title": "Delivery in Asymptomatic Italian Woman with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis", "authors": ["De Socio, Giuseppe Vittorio", "Malincarne, Lisa", "Arena, Saverio", "Troiani, Stefania", "Benedetti, Sara", "Camilloni, Barbara", "Epicoco, Giorgio", "Mencacci, Antonella", "Francisci, Daniela"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395222", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243566, "pmcid": "PMC7228282", "title": "Los derechos humanos de los ninos con discapacidad durante emergencias sanitarias: el desafio de COVID-19.", "journal": "Dev Med Child Neurol", "authors": ["Schiariti, Veronica"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243566", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32357273, "pmcid": "PMC7267294", "title": "A catabolic state in a kidney transplant recipient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Transpl Int", "authors": ["Billah, Marzuq", "Santeusanio, Andrew", "Delaney, Veronica", "Cravedi, Paolo", "Farouk, Samira S"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357273", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416784, "pmcid": "PMC7255297", "title": "Personal protective equipment needs in the USA during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Gondi, Suhas", "Beckman, Adam L", "Deveau, Nicholas", "Raja, Ali S", "Ranney, Megan L", "Popkin, Rachel", "He, Shuhan"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416784", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437052, "title": "Increase in COVID-19 cases and case-fatality and case-recovery rates in Europe: A cross-temporal meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Karadag, Engin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437052", "countries": ["Sweden", "Netherlands", "Germany", "Austria", "China", "United Kingdom", "Russian Federation", "Belgium"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus (COVID-19) infection reported in\u00a0China in December 2019 has become a pandemic in a few weeks, affecting the entire world. In this respect, it is crucial to determine the case-increase,\u00a0case-fatality, and case-recovery rates to control COVID-19. In this study, the case-increase, case-fatality, and case-recovery rates of COVID-19 in 36 European countries were analyzed with the meta-analysis method using data released by the health organizations and WHO. The data were obtained from the website of health organizations of 36 European countries and the website of WHO until 11 May 2020. The analyses were carried out on 1\u2009744\u2009704 COVID-19-diagnosed cases in 36 European countries. The case-increase, case-fatality and case-recovery rates of COVID-19 were calculated using 95% confidence intervals (95% CI), single-arm meta-analysis, cross-temporal meta-analysis, and meta-regression random-effects model. The standardized case-increase rate of COVID-19 is 5% (95% CI [0.040, 0.063]) and the average case-increase rate in European countries has started to decline by around 3% (95% CI [0.047, 0.083]) weekly. The countries with the highest rate of case increase are Belgium, Sweden, Russia, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Although the case-fatality rate of COVID-19 patients was 4.5% as of May 11 (95% CI [0.037-0.055]), this rate is 6.3% (95% CI [0.047, 0.083]) in standardized time (6th week). The case-recovery rates of patients are 46% (95% CI [0.376-0.547]). This study presents important results regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe. Although the rate of increase in new COVID-19 cases has dropped, there is not much decline in the case-fatality rates and no increase in case-recovery rates. The case-fatality rate of COVID-19 in Europe was estimated to be in the range of 4% to 4.5% and a minimum of 4 weeks (as of 11 May) is\u00a0expected to have the figure below 1% in a\u00a0country with an average case-increase rate. Monitoring case fatalities\u00a0in Belgium, the Netherlands and Sweden, and treatment successes in Germany and Austria play a role of utmost importance."}, {"pmid": 32341781, "pmcid": "PMC7168774", "title": "Keeping alive enterprises while embracing unprecedented COVID-19 restrictions.", "journal": "Ther Adv Infect Dis", "authors": ["Soriano, Vicente", "Corral, Octavio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341781", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341011, "title": "An Italian paediatric department at the time of Coronavirus: a resident's point of view.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Cognigni, Marta"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341011", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438521, "title": "Update on clinical outcomes of women with COVID-19 during pregnancy.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Zeng, Yingchun", "Lin, Lin", "Yan, Qiaoyuan", "Wei, Wei", "Xiang Yang, Bing", "Huang, Run", "He, Fang", "Chen, Dunjin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438521", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304213, "pmcid": "PMC7188118", "title": "Letter: COVID-19 Infection Affects Surgical Outcome of Chronic Subdural Hematoma.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Panciani, Pier Paolo", "Saraceno, Giorgio", "Zanin, Luca", "Renisi, Giulia", "Signorini, Liana", "Fontanella, Marco Maria"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304213", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485131, "title": "Positive Public Health Ethics: Toward Flourishing and Resilient Communities and Individuals.", "journal": "Am J Bioeth", "authors": ["Prah Ruger, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485131", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is a global contagion of unprecedented proportions and health, economic, and social consequences. As with many health problems, its impact is uneven. This article argues the COVID-19 pandemic is a global health injustice due to moral failures of national governments and international organizations to prepare for, prevent and control it. Global and national health communities had a moral obligation to act in accordance with the current state of knowledge of pandemic preparedness. This obligation-a positive duty to develop and implement systems to reduce threats to and safeguard individuals' and, communities' abilities to flourish-stems from theories of global health justice and governance. The COVID-19 pandemic revealed and amplified the fragility and deficiencies in our global and domestic health institutions and systems. Moving forward, positive public health ethics is needed to set ethical standards for building and operating robust public health systems for resilient individuals and communities."}, {"pmid": 32434416, "pmcid": "PMC7250318", "title": "Mice with humanized-lungs and immune system - an idealized model for COVID-19 and other respiratory illness.", "journal": "Virulence", "authors": ["Pujhari, Sujit", "Rasgon, Jason L"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434416", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lack of an appropriate animal model to study severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent responsible for COVID-19 pandemic disease, represents a significant hurdle in the process of understanding disease biology and evaluating therapeutic and preventive candidates. It is time for public health agencies to revisit regulation on transplantation of human pluripotent stem cells for the possibility of the development of a humanized mice model with a humanized lung."}, {"pmid": 32283886, "title": "Love in the time of coronavirus: training and service during COVID-19.", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Wong, Chen Seong", "Tay, Woo Chiao", "Hap, Xing Fu", "Chia, Faith Li-Ann"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283886", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32385125, "title": "Harnessing behavioural science in public health campaigns to maintain 'social distancing' in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: key principles.", "journal": "J Epidemiol Community Health", "authors": ["Bonell, Chris", "Michie, Susan", "Reicher, Stephen", "West, Robert", "Bear, Laura", "Yardley, Lucy", "Curtis, Val", "Amlot, Richard", "Rubin, G James"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385125", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470164, "title": "Estimation of the basic reproduction number, average incubation time, asymptomatic infection rate, and case fatality rate for COVID-19: Meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["He, Wenqing", "Yi, Grace Y", "Zhu, Yayuan"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470164", "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has been found to be caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, comprehensive knowledge of COVID-19 remains incomplete and many important features are still unknown. This manuscript conducts a meta-analysis and a sensitivity study to answer the questions: What is the basic reproduction number? How long is the incubation time of the disease on average? What portion of infections are asymptomatic? And ultimately, what is the case fatality rate? Our studies estimate the basic reproduction number to be 3.15 with the 95% CI (2.41-3.90), the average incubation time to be 5.08 days with the 95% CI (4.77-5.39) (in day), the asymptomatic infection rate to be 46% with the 95% CI (18.48%-73.60%), and the case fatality rate to be 2.72% with 95% CI (1.29%-4.16%) where asymptomatic infections are accounted for."}, {"pmid": 32382218, "pmcid": "PMC7201908", "title": "IASO COVID-19 Guidelines (Updated on 9th April 2020).", "journal": "Indian J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Desai, Sharad", "Gupta, Arnab"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382218", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470851, "pmcid": "PMC7214326", "title": "Role of oxidized LDL-induced \"trained macrophages\" in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and benefits of pioglitazone: A hypothesis.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Erol, Adnan"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470851", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Older adults and people who have cardiovascular disorders (their common pathogenetic mechanism is progressive atherosclerosis) are at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). Their common pathogenetic mechanism is progressive atherosclerosis in which oxLDL (oxidized LDL) plays major role. Receptor-mediated uptake of oxLDL by the monocyte-derived macrophages activates the long-term epigenetic reprogramming of innate immunity, which is termed \"trained immunity.\" The aim of this work is to investigate the mechanisms and treatment possibilities that can control the activities of these specific macrophages. Search in Medline and PubMed relevant articles on the trained immunity and cytokine storm of COVID-19. When oxLDL-trained macrophages encounter SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) in the lung, it causes unregulated cytokine secretion, leading to the alveolar damage. Therefore, blocking macrophage training by pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, could control the hyperactivation that the virus would trigger."}, {"pmid": 32405251, "pmcid": "PMC7218365", "title": "CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Piccin, Ottavio", "D'Alessio, Pasquale", "Mattucci, Giulia", "De Santi, Gabriella", "Abeshi, Andi"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405251", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32181488, "pmcid": "PMC7184469", "title": "The positive impact of lockdown in Wuhan on containing the COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Lau, Hien", "Khosrawipour, Veria", "Kocbach, Piotr", "Mikolajczyk, Agata", "Schubert, Justyna", "Bania, Jacek", "Khosrawipour, Tanja"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181488", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With its epicenter in Wuhan, China, the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). Consequently, many countries have implemented flight restrictions to China. China itself has imposed a lockdown of the population of Wuhan as well as the entire Hubei province. However, whether these two enormous measures have led to significant changes in the spread of COVID-19 cases remains unclear. We analyzed the available data on the development of confirmed domestic and international COVID-19 cases before and after lockdown measures. We evaluated the correlation of domestic air traffic to the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and determined the growth curves of COVID-19 cases within China before and after lockdown as well as after changes in COVID-19 diagnostic criteria. Our findings indicate a significant increase in doubling time from 2\u00a0days (95% CI: 1.9-2.6) to 4\u00a0days (95% CI: 3.5-4.3), after imposing lockdown. A further increase is detected after changing diagnostic and testing methodology to 19.3 (95% CI: 15.1-26.3), respectively. Moreover, the correlation between domestic air traffic and COVID-19 spread became weaker following lockdown (before lockdown: r\u00a0=\u20090.98, P\u00a0<\u20090.05 vs after lockdown: r\u00a0=\u20090.91, P\u00a0=\u2009NS). A significantly decreased growth rate and increased doubling time of cases was observed, which is most likely due to Chinese lockdown measures. A more stringent confinement of people in high risk areas seems to have a potential to slow down the spread of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32222181, "pmcid": "PMC7194650", "title": "COVID-19: learning from experience.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["The Lancet"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222181", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438687, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic during the Time of the Diabetes Pandemic: Likely Fraternal Twins?", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Cole, Shelley A", "Laviada-Molina, Hugo A", "Serres-Perales, Jeannette M", "Rodriguez-Ayala, Ernesto", "Bastarrachea, Raul A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438687", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An altered immune response to pathogens has been suggested to explain increased susceptibility to infectious diseases in patients with diabetes. Recent evidence has documented several immunometabolic pathways in patients with diabetes directly related to the COVID-19 infection. This also seems to be the case for prediabetic subjects with proinflammatory insulin resistance syndrome accompanied with prothrombotic hyperinsulinemic and dysglycemic states. Patients with frank hyperglycemia, dysglycemia and/or hyperinsulinemia develop systemic immunometabolic inflammation with higher levels of circulating cytokines. This deleterious scenario has been proposed as the underlying mechanism enhancing a cytokine storm-like hyperinflammatory state in diabetics infected with severe COVID-19 triggering multi-organ failure. Compared with moderately affected COVID-19 patients, diabetes was found to be highly prevalent among severely affected patients suggesting that this non-communicable disease should be considered as a risk factor for adverse outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic mirrors with the diabetes pandemic in many pathobiological aspects. Our interest is to emphasize the ties between the immunoinflammatory mechanisms that underlie the morbidity and lethality when COVID-19 meets diabetes. This review brings attention to two pathologies of highly complex, multifactorial, developmental and environmentally dependent manifestations of critical importance to human survival. Extreme caution should be taken with diabetics with suspected symptoms of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32510173, "title": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms admitted to Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zheng, Ting", "Yang, Chao", "Wang, Han-Yu", "Chen, Xiao", "Yu, Li", "Wu, Zi-Ling", "Sun, Hui"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510173", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a health emergency worldwide, and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are increasingly reported in COVID-19 patients. However, sample size was small and the incidence of GI symptoms in patients was variable across studies, and the correlation between these symptoms and clinical outcomes remains incompletely understood. The objective of this study is to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients with and without GI symptoms admitted to Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital in Wuhan. All patients admitted to Jianghan Fangcang Shelter Hospital were evaluated. Data on epidemiological and clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, treatment procedures, and clinical outcomes were retrieved from electronic medical records. This retrospective study recruited 1320 COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital from February 5, 2020, to March 9, 2020. On the basis of the presence of GI symptoms, the sample was divided into a GI group (n=192) and a non-GI group (n=1128). The most common GI symptoms were diarrhea (8.1%), anorexia (4.7%), and nausea and vomiting (4.3%). The risk of clinical deterioration was significantly higher in the GI group than in the non-GI group (15.6% vs. 10.1%, p=0.032). GI symptoms (p=0.045), male gender (p<0.001), and increased C-reactive protein (p=0.008) were independent risk factors for clinical worsening. The risk of clinical deterioration was significantly higher in the GI group. Furthermore, potential risk factors for developing GI symptoms, male gender, and increased C-reactive protein can help clinicians predict clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32459647, "title": "Intra-Rater and Inter-Rater Reliability of Tongue Coating Diagnosis in Traditional Chinese Medicine Using Smartphones: Quasi-Delphi Study.", "journal": "JMIR Mhealth Uhealth", "authors": ["Wang, Zhi Chun", "Zhang, Shi Ping", "Yuen, Pong Chi", "Chan, Kam Wa", "Chan, Yi Yi", "Cheung, Chun Hoi", "Chow, Chi Ho", "Chua, Ka Kit", "Hu, Jun", "Hu, Zhichao", "Lao, Beini", "Leung, Chun Chuen", "Li, Hong", "Zhong, Linda", "Liu, Xusheng", "Liu, Yulong", "Liu, Zhenjie", "Lun, Xin", "Mo, Wei", "Siu, Sheung Yuen", "Xiong, Zhoujian", "Yeung, Wing Fai", "Zhang, Run Yun", "Zhang, Xuebin"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459647", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a growing trend in the use of mobile health (mHealth) technologies in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and telemedicine, especially during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. Tongue diagnosis is an important component of TCM diagnosis. However, the procedure of obtaining tongue images has not been standardized and the reliability of tongue diagnosis by smartphone tongue images has yet to be evaluated. The first objective of this study was to develop an operating classification scheme for tongue coating diagnosis. The second and main objective of this study was to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of tongue coating diagnosis using the operating classification scheme. An operating classification scheme for tongue coating was developed using a stepwise approach and a quasi-Delphi method. First, tongue images (n=2023) were analyzed by 2 groups of assessors to develop the operating classification scheme for tongue coating diagnosis. Based on clinicians' (n=17) own interpretations as well as their use of the operating classification scheme, the results of tongue diagnosis on a representative tongue image set (n=24) were compared. After gathering consensus for the operating classification scheme, the clinicians were instructed to use the scheme to assess tongue features of their patients under direct visual inspection. At the same time, the clinicians took tongue images of the patients with smartphones and assessed tongue features observed in the smartphone image using the same classification scheme. The intra-rater agreements of these two assessments were calculated to determine which features of tongue coating were better retained by the image. Using the finalized operating classification scheme, clinicians in the study group assessed representative tongue images (n=24) that they had taken, and the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of their assessments was evaluated. Intra-rater agreement between direct subject inspection and tongue image inspection was good to very good (Cohen K range 0.69-1.0). Additionally, when comparing the assessment of tongue images on different days, intra-rater reliability was good to very good (K range 0.7-1.0), except for the color of the tongue body (K=0.22) and slippery tongue fur (K=0.1). Inter-rater reliability was moderate for tongue coating (Gwet AC2 range 0.49-0.55), and fair for color and other features of the tongue body (Gwet AC2=0.34). Taken together, our study has shown that tongue images collected via smartphone contain some reliable features, including tongue coating, that can be used in mHealth analysis. Our findings thus support the use of smartphones in telemedicine for detecting changes in tongue coating."}, {"pmid": 32520590, "title": "COVID-19 Autopsies and Personal Protective Equipment.", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Han, Bing", "Bhalla, Ritu", "da Silva Lameira, Fernanda", "Stuart Vander Heide, Richard", "Lee Love, Gordon"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520590", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307930, "title": "Assessing Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of dental practitioners regarding the COVID-19 pandemic: A multinational study.", "journal": "Dent Med Probl", "authors": ["Kamate, Shivalingesh Krishnappa", "Sharma, Swati", "Thakar, Sahil", "Srivastava, Divya", "Sengupta, Kaushikee", "Hadi, Ahmed Jhurry", "Chaudhary, Alankrita", "Joshi, Ruby", "Dhanker, Kuldeep"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307930", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a global public health emergency that is affecting people across the globe. The aim of this study was to assess the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) of dental practitioners regarding the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-2019) pandemic. An online questionnaire was distributed among dentists across the globe using a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. The questionnaire was divided into 4 sections: the 1st one contained personal information, whereas the 2nd, 3rd and 4th sections assessed knowledge (11 questions), attitudes (6 questions) and practices (7 questions) of the dentists. The data was subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), multivariate linear regression, and Pearson's correlation; 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated and odds ratio (OR) was obtained. The analysis was done using IBM SPSS for Windows, v. 21.0. The total number of the responses received (860) was divided with regard to various continents (Asia, Americas - North and South, Europe, Africa, and other - Australia and Antarctica). The largest number of dentists came from the Asian continent (264; 30.7%). Most dentists had a degree of MDS (Master of Dental Science) (301; 35.0%), followed by BDS (Bachelor of Dental Surgery) (282; 32.8%) and DDS (Doctor of Dental Surgery) (226; 26.3%). High/Good knowledge and practice scores were observed among 92.7% and 79.5 % of the dentists, respectively. Good knowledge scores were significantly associated with qualifications (p = 0.04) and years of practice (p = 0.02); good practice scores were associated with qualifications only (p = 0.03). The dentists were found to have good knowledge and practice scores, which is important to combat COVID-19. They are advised to follow the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines in their clinics, and sensitize their staff so that no stone is left unturned in defeating this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32371057, "pmcid": "PMC7181989", "title": "Potential Applications of Plant Biotechnology against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Trends Plant Sci", "authors": ["Capell, Teresa", "Twyman, Richard M", "Armario-Najera, Victoria", "Ma, Julian K-C", "Schillberg, Stefan", "Christou, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371057", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus responsible for an ongoing human pandemic (COVID-19). There is a massive international effort underway to develop diagnostic reagents, vaccines, and antiviral drugs in a bid to slow down the spread of the disease and save lives. One part of that international effort involves the research community working with plants, bringing researchers from all over the world together with commercial enterprises to achieve the rapid supply of protein antigens and antibodies for diagnostic kits, and scalable production systems for the emergency manufacturing of vaccines and antiviral drugs. Here, we look at some of the ways in which plants can and are being used in the fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32363707, "title": "Studies on viral pneumonia related to novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV: a literature review.", "journal": "APMIS", "authors": ["Liya, Guo", "Yuguang, Wang", "Jian, Liu", "Huaiping, Yuan", "Xue, Han", "Jianwei, Huo", "Jiaju, Ma", "Youran, Lu", "Chen, Ming", "Yiqing, Jiao"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363707", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are a class of RNA viruses that can cause respiratory and intestinal infections in animals and humans. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 [2019-nCoV]) belong to the family Coronaviridae and the genus Betacoronavirus. At present, the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 is getting deeper and deeper. In order to better prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2, this article compares the infectivity, pathogenicity, and related clinical characteristics of the three human pathogenic coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV to help us further understand the pathogenic characteristics of novel coronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32430077, "pmcid": "PMC7235539", "title": "COVID-19: a plea to protect the older population.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Carrieri, Daniele", "Peccatori, Fedro Alessandro", "Boniolo, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430077", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416976, "pmcid": "PMC7205663", "title": "Re: Kristian D. Stensland, Todd M. Morgan, Alireza Moinzadeh, et al. Considerations in the Triage of Urologic Surgeries During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.027: The Forgotten Urological Patient During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Patient Safety Safeguards.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Tan, Yi Quan", "Lu, Jirong", "Chiong, Edmund"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416976", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32175719, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on rehabilitation services and Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine (PRM) physicians' activities in Italy. An official document of the Italian PRM Society (SIMFER).", "journal": "Eur J Phys Rehabil Med", "authors": ["Boldrini, Paolo", "Bernetti, Andrea", "Fiore, Pietro"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32175719", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334086, "pmcid": "PMC7194668", "title": "Travel rush during Chinese Spring Festival and the 2019-nCoV.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Chen, Juan", "Feng, Zhan-Hui", "Ye, Lan", "Cheng, Yong-Ran", "Zhou, Meng-Yun", "Li, Yafei", "Du, Chong", "Wang, Liansheng", "Wang, Ming-Wei"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334086", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420953, "title": "Historical and methodological highlights of quarantine measures: from ancient plague epidemics to current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Conti, Andrea Alberto"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420953", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing 2020 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is an enormous challenge for the health systems and the entire societies of the countries involved. Since at present the outbreak continues to evolve (April 2020), the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared it a public health emergency of international concern, specifying that public health interventions aimed at the prevention of the further spread of this disease include quarantine. Quarantine, that may be defined as a restraint on the activities of people or on the traffic of goods, targeted to the prevention of the diffusion of communicable pathologies, is a health concept profoundly rooted in the history of mankind. The lessons of the past are always pertinent for the present and for the future, in particular from a public health standpoint. One of the most relevant of them is connected with previous influenza pandemics, similar to the current COVID-19 2019/2020 pandemic, and it indicates that it is practically impossible, even in recent times, to contain the infection in the geographic area where it has risen and to prevent its trans-national disseminated spread. With specific reference to the COVID-19 pandemic, therefore, health authorities still adopt \"classical\" preventive interventions, namely workplace social distancing measures and quarantine, to reduce the transmission of the disease. Only the future will testify the precise overall effectiveness of preventive public health measures in containing the impact of the present coronavirus pandemic. However, what in this epidemiological scenario is already known, is that the multi-century international health value of quarantine remains essential and unavoidable."}, {"pmid": 32408602, "title": "The Predictive Capacity of Air Travel Patterns During the Global Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Risk, Uncertainty and Randomness.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Christidis, Panayotis", "Christodoulou, Aris"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408602", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Air travel has a decisive role in the spread of infectious diseases at the global level. We present a methodology applied during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic that uses detailed aviation data at the final destination level in order to measure the risk of the disease spreading outside China. The approach proved to be successful in terms of identifying countries with a high risk of infected travellers and as a tool to monitor the evolution of the pandemic in different countries. The high number of undetected or asymptomatic cases of COVID-19, however, limits the capacity of the approach to model the full dynamics. As a result, the risk for countries with a low number of passengers from Hubei province appeared as low. Globalization and international aviation connectivity allow travel times that are much shorter than the incubation period of infectious diseases, a fact that raises the question of how to react in a potential new pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32445105, "pmcid": "PMC7243953", "title": "Global Consortium Study of Neurological Dysfunction in COVID-19 (GCS-NeuroCOVID): Study Design and Rationale.", "journal": "Neurocrit Care", "authors": ["Frontera, Jennifer", "Mainali, Shraddha", "Fink, Ericka L", "Robertson, Courtney L", "Schober, Michelle", "Ziai, Wendy", "Menon, David", "Kochanek, Patrick M", "Suarez, Jose I", "Helbok, Raimund", "McNett, Molly", "Chou, Sherry H-Y"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445105", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 pandemic developed, reports of neurological dysfunctions spanning the central and peripheral nervous systems have emerged. The spectrum of acute neurological dysfunctions may implicate direct viral invasion, para-infectious complications, neurological manifestations of systemic diseases, or co-incident neurological dysfunction in the context of high SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. A rapid and pragmatic approach to understanding the prevalence, phenotypes, pathophysiology and prognostic implications of COVID-19 neurological syndromes is urgently needed. The Global Consortium to Study Neurological dysfunction in COVID-19 (GCS-NeuroCOVID), endorsed by the Neurocritical Care Society (NCS), was rapidly established to address this need in a tiered approach. Tier-1 consists of focused, pragmatic, low-cost, observational common data element (CDE) collection, which can be launched immediately at many sites in the first phase of this pandemic and is designed for expedited ethical board review with waiver-of-consent. Tier 2 consists of prospective functional and cognitive outcomes assessments with more detailed clinical, laboratory and radiographic data collection that would require informed consent. Tier 3 overlays Tiers 1 and 2 with experimental molecular, electrophysiology, pathology and imaging studies with longitudinal outcomes assessment and would require centers with specific resources. A multicenter pediatrics core has developed and launched a parallel study focusing on patients ages <18 years. Study sites are eligible for participation if they provide clinical care to COVID-19 patients and are able to conduct patient-oriented research under approval of an internal or global ethics committee. Hospitalized pediatric and adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 and with acute neurological signs or symptoms are eligible to participate. The primary study outcome is the overall prevalence of neurological complications among hospitalized COVID-19 patients, which will be calculated by pooled estimates of each neurological finding divided by the average census of COVID-19 positive patients over the study period. Secondary outcomes include: in-hospital, 30 and 90-day morality, discharge modified Rankin score, ventilator-free survival, ventilator days, discharge disposition, and hospital length of stay. In a one-month period (3/27/20-4/27/20) the GCS-NeuroCOVID consortium was able to recruit 71 adult study sites, representing 17 countries and 5 continents and 34 pediatrics study sites. This is one of the first large-scale global research collaboratives urgently assembled to evaluate acute neurological events in the context of a pandemic. The innovative and pragmatic tiered study approach has allowed for rapid recruitment and activation of numerous sites across the world-an approach essential to capture real-time critical neurological data to inform treatment strategies in this pandemic crisis."}, {"pmid": 32396710, "pmcid": "PMC7273073", "title": "COVID-19 and neurodegeneration: what can we learn from the past?", "journal": "Eur J Neurol", "authors": ["Gatto, E M", "Fernandez Boccazzi, J"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396710", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401931, "title": "Biological and social aspects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) related to oral health.", "journal": "Braz Oral Res", "authors": ["Pereira, Luciano Jose", "Pereira, Cassio Vicente", "Murata, Ramiro Mendonca", "Pardi, Vanessa", "Pereira-Dourado, Stela Marcia"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401931", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The expansion of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) throughout the world has alarmed all health professionals. Especially in dentistry, there is a growing concern due to it's high virulence and routes of transmission through saliva aerosols. The virus keeps viable on air for at least 3 hours and on plastic and stainless-steel surfaces up to 72 hours. In this sense, dental offices, both in the public and private sectors, are high-risk settings of cross infection among patients, dentists and health professionals in the clinical environment (including hospital's intensive dental care facilities). This manuscript aims to compile current available evidence on prevention strategies for dental professionals. Besides, we briefly describe promising treatment strategies recognized until this moment. The purpose is to clarify dental practitioners about the virus history and microbiology, besides guiding on how to proceed during emergency consultations based on international documents. Dentists should consider that a substantial number of individuals (including children) who do not show any signs and symptoms of COVID-19 may be infected and can disseminate the virus. Currently, there is no effective treatment and fast diagnosis is still a challenge. All elective dental treatments and non-essential procedures should be postponed, keeping only urgent and emergency visits to the dental office. The use of teledentistry (phone calls, text messages) is a very promising tool to keep contact with the patient without being at risk of infection."}, {"pmid": 32473354, "pmcid": "PMC7253967", "title": "Racial disparity in Covid-19 mortality rates - A plausible explanation.", "journal": "Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Tal, Yuval", "Adini, Avner", "Eran, Alal", "Adini, Irit"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473354", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224494, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors are told not to perform CPR on patients in cardiac arrest.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth", "Kmietowicz, Zosia"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224494", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378508, "title": "[Letter to the Editor: The Role of Medical Students in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal].", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Gi, Andreia", "Rodrigues, Barbara", "Dias-Ferreira, Joao", "Faria, Joao", "Pedro, Joao Fernandes", "Oliveira, Joao", "Viegas, Maria H", "Ribeiro, Marta"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378508", "countries": ["Portugal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358325, "title": "Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 7).", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358325", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382249, "pmcid": "PMC7203053", "title": "A decision support system for demand management in healthcare supply chains considering the epidemic outbreaks: A case study of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Transp Res E Logist Transp Rev", "authors": ["Govindan, Kannan", "Mina, Hassan", "Alavi, Behrouz"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382249", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The disasters caused by epidemic outbreaks is different from other disasters due to two specific features: their long-term disruption and their increasing propagation. Not controlling such disasters brings about severe disruptions in the supply chains and communities and, thereby, irreparable losses will come into play. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of these disasters that has caused severe disruptions across the world and in many supply chains, particularly in the healthcare supply chain. Therefore, this paper, for the first time, develops a practical decision support system based on physicians' knowledge and fuzzy inference system (FIS) in order to help with the demand management in the healthcare supply chain, to reduce stress in the community, to break down the COVID-19 propagation chain, and, generally, to mitigate the epidemic outbreaks for healthcare supply chain disruptions. This approach first divides community residents into four groups based on the risk level of their immune system (namely, very sensitive, sensitive, slightly sensitive, and normal) and by two indicators of age and pre-existing diseases (such as diabetes, heart problems, or high blood pressure). Then, these individuals are classified and are required to observe the regulations of their class. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed approach was measured in the real world using the information from four users and the results showed the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed approach."}, {"pmid": 32302740, "pmcid": "PMC7156947", "title": "The impact of despecialisation and redeployment on surgical training in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Hourston, George J M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302740", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270581, "pmcid": "PMC7262203", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: Effects and evidence-based recommendations for otolaryngology and head and neck surgery practice.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Kowalski, Luiz P", "Sanabria, Alvaro", "Ridge, John A", "Ng, Wai Tong", "de Bree, Remco", "Rinaldo, Alessandra", "Takes, Robert P", "Makitie, Antti A", "Carvalho, Andre L", "Bradford, Carol R", "Paleri, Vinidh", "Hartl, Dana M", "Vander Poorten, Vincent", "Nixon, Iain J", "Piazza, Cesare", "Lacy, Peter D", "Rodrigo, Juan P", "Guntinas-Lichius, Orlando", "Mendenhall, William M", "D'Cruz, Anil", "Lee, Anne W M", "Ferlito, Alfio"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270581", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious zoonosis produced by SARS-CoV-2 that is spread human-to-human by respiratory secretions. It was declared by the WHO as a public health emergency. The most susceptible populations, needing mechanical ventilation, are the elderly and people with associated comorbidities. There is an important risk of contagion for anesthetists, dentists, head and neck surgeons, maxillofacial surgeons, ophthalmologists, and otolaryngologists. Health workers represent between 3.8% and 20% of the infected population; some 15% will develop severe complaints and among them, many will lose their lives. A large number of patients do not have overt signs and symptoms (fever/respiratory), yet pose a real risk to surgeons (who should know this fact and must therefore apply respiratory protective strategies for all patients they encounter). All interventions that have the potential to aerosolize aerodigestive secretions should be avoided or used only when mandatory. Health workers who are: pregnant, over 55 to 65\u2009years of age, with a history of chronic diseases (uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and all clinical scenarios where immunosuppression is feasible, including that induced to treat chronic inflammatory conditions and organ transplants) should avoid the clinical attention of a potentially infected patient. Health care facilities should prioritize urgent and emergency visits and procedures until the present condition stabilizes; truly elective care should cease and discussed on a case-by-case basis for patients with cancer. For those who are working with COVID-19 infected patients' isolation is compulsory in the following settings: (a) unprotected close contact with COVID-19 pneumonia patients; (b) onset of fever, cough, shortness of breath, and other symptoms (gastrointestinal complaints, anosmia, and dysgeusia have been reported in a minority of cases). For any care or intervention in the upper aerodigestive tract region, irrespective of the setting and a confirmed diagnosis (eg, rhinoscopy or flexible laryngoscopy in the outpatient setting and tracheostomy or rigid endoscopy under anesthesia), it is strongly recommended that all health care personnel wear personal protective equipment such as N95, gown, cap, eye protection, and gloves. The procedures described are essential in trying to maintain safety of health care workers during COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, otolaryngologists, head and neck, and maxillofacial surgeons are per se exposed to the greatest risk of infection while caring for COVID-19 positive subjects, and their protection should be considered a priority in the present circumstances."}, {"pmid": 32459289, "title": "Digital Smartphone Tracking for COVID-19: Public Health and Civil Liberties in Tension.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Cohen, I Glenn", "Gostin, Lawrence O", "Weitzner, Daniel J"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459289", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446285, "title": "A Guide to COVID-19: a global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "FEBS J", "authors": ["Atzrodt, Cassandra L", "Maknojia, Insha", "McCarthy, Robert D P", "Oldfield, Tiara M", "Po, Jonathan", "Ta, Kenny T L", "Stepp, Hannah E", "Clements, Thomas P"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446285", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 strain of the human coronavirus has thrown the world into the midst of a new pandemic. In the human body, the virus causes COVID-19, a disease characterized by shortness of breath, fever, and pneumonia, which can be fatal in vulnerable individuals. SARS-CoV-2 has characteristics of past human coronaviruses, with close genomic similarities to SARS-CoV, the virus that causes the disease SARS. Like these related coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted through the inhalation of droplets and interaction with contaminated surfaces. Across the world, laboratories are developing candidate vaccines for the virus - with vaccine trials underway in the US and the United Kingdom - and considering various drugs for possible treatments and prophylaxis. Here, we provide an overview of SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing its virology, epidemiology, and modes of transmission while examining the current progress of testing procedures and possible treatments through drugs and vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32495372, "title": "Terminal complement inhibition dampens the inflammation during COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Kulasekararaj, Austin G", "Lazana, Ioanna", "Large, Joanna", "Posadas, Kristina", "Eagleton, Helen", "Villajin, John Lord", "Zuckerman, Mark", "Gandhi, Shreyans", "Marsh, Judith Cw"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495372", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Emerging evidence suggests that activation of the complement system is critical in the pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 related lung injury. Inhibition of the terminal complement pathway by targeting complement protein 5 (C5) may be an effective therapeutic intervention in CoV-mediated disease.1 Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, acquired hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) disease characterized by intravascular haemolysis, increased thromboembolic risk and bone marrow failure.2."}, {"pmid": 32149037, "pmcid": "PMC7045878", "title": "Early Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 28 Cases of Coronavirus Disease in South Korea.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149037", "countries": ["Thailand", "Korea, Republic of", "Singapore", "Japan", "China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in South Korea was reported in January 2020, with 28 confirmed cases reported as of February 14th, 2020. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of all 28 cases were analyzed in response to this disease. The epidemiological characteristics and early clinical features of the 28 patients from Korea with confirmed COVID-19 were analyzed using COVID-19 reporting and surveillance data and the epidemiological investigation reports prepared by the rapid response team. There were 16 patients that entered Korea from foreign countries: Wuhan, China (11 patients), Zhuhai, China, (1 patient), Singapore (2 patients), Japan (1 patient), and Thailand (1 patient). The early symptoms were fever, sore throat, cough or sputum production, chills, and muscle ache. Three patients were asymptomatic, however, 18 developed pneumonia. Of the 28 cases, 16 were index cases imported from abroad, with 10 cases of secondary infection originating in Korea, and the route of transmission still under investigation for 2 patients. The 10 patients with secondary infection were infected from contact with family members or acquaintances of primary patients, and the suspected sites of transmission were mostly at home. COVID-19 in Korea was spread by 16 infected individuals traveling from other countries, leading to second-generation cases. The initial symptoms were mostly minor, but the disease was infectious at this stage, resulting from close contact, particularly at home. Establishing an early detection strategy for COVID-19 is crucial for managing the transmission of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32520235, "title": "Short-term forecasting of daily COVID-19 cases in Brazil by using the Holt's model.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Martinez, Edson Zangiacomi", "Aragon, Davi Casale", "Nunes, Altacilio Aparecido"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520235", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We evaluated the performance of the Holt's model to forecast the daily COVID-19 reported cases in Brazil and three Brazilian states. We chose the date of the first COVID-19 case to April 25, 2020, as the training period, and April 26 to May 3, 2020, as the test period. The Holt's model performed well in forecasting the cases in Brazil and in S\u00e3o Paulo and Minas Gerais states, but the forecasts were underestimated in Rio de Janeiro state. The Holt's model can be an adequate short-term forecasting method if their assumptions are adequately verified and validated by experts."}, {"pmid": 32404189, "pmcid": "PMC7220618", "title": "The role of passive immunization in the age of SARS-CoV-2: an update.", "journal": "Eur J Med Res", "authors": ["Fischer, Johannes C", "Zanker, Kurt", "van Griensven, Martijn", "Schneider, Marion", "Kindgen-Milles, Detlef", "Knoefel, Wolfram Trudo", "Lichtenberg, Artur", "Tamaskovics, Balint", "Djiepmo-Njanang, Freddy Joel", "Budach, Wilfried", "Corradini, Stefanie", "Ganswindt, Ute", "Haussinger, Dieter", "Feldt, Torsten", "Schelzig, Hubert", "Bojar, Hans", "Peiper, Matthias", "Bolke, Edwin", "Haussmann, Jan", "Matuschek, Christiane"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404189", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of the corona virus pandemic is an existential problem for many people in numerous countries. So far, there is no effective vaccine protection or proven therapy available against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this review, we describe the role of passive immunization in times of the corona virus. Passive immunization could be a bridging technology to improve the immune defense of critically ill patients until better approaches with effective medications are available."}, {"pmid": 32346680, "pmcid": "PMC7157831", "title": "Editorial: A COVID-19 Support Platform for Long Term Care Facilities.", "journal": "J Nutr Health Aging", "authors": ["Rolland, Y", "Benetos, A", "Villars, H", "Braun, H", "Blain, H"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346680", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406211, "title": "Improving Preparedness for and Response to Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) in Long-Term Care Hospitals in the Korea.", "journal": "Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Kim, Tark"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406211", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clusters of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) have been widely reported in the Korea and around the world. COVID-19 has a high mortality rate, and older patients and those with underlying diseases are at particularly high risk of being infected. Outbreaks in LTCFs, where many high-risk patients reside, result in the occupation of beds meant for severely ill patients and even death in many patients. Long-term care hospitals (LTCH) are major LTCFs in Korea. Therefore, it is very important to protect patients in LTCHs from COVID-19. The reality is that preparedness for COVID-19 in LTCHs is inadequate, and there are barriers to improvements in preparedness. Through institutional improvement and policy support, the government should help healthcare personnel and LTCHs improve installation and raise the level of knowledge of infection prevention and control. With these improvement, prevention, surveillance, and screening for COVID-19 should be done and a response system to the COVID-19 outbreak should be established. There are many challenges that must be overcome to meet the goals proposed in this article. This may be possible only with a spirit of solidarity and cooperation of government, public and private healthcare facilities."}, {"pmid": 32470514, "pmcid": "PMC7250564", "title": "The consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on non-COVID-19 clinical trials.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Bagiella, Emilia", "Bhatt, Deepak L", "Gaudino, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470514", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32112859, "pmcid": "PMC7130091", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak and implications for the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gallego, Viviana", "Nishiura, Hiroshi", "Sah, Ranjit", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112859", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283123, "pmcid": "PMC7151241", "title": "Considerations for Drug Interactions on QTc Interval in Exploratory COVID-19 Treatment.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Roden, Dan M", "Harrington, Robert A", "Poppas, Athena", "Russo, Andrea M"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283123", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534094, "title": "Antiviral activity of the high-molecular-weight plant polysaccharides (Panavir(R)).", "journal": "Int J Biol Macromol", "authors": ["Kalinina, Tatiana S", "Zlenko, Dmitry V", "Kiselev, Aleksei V", "Litvin, Alexander A", "Stovbun, Sergey V"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534094", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This short report is dedicated to the description of the wide antiviral and antibacterial activity of the immune-modulating agent Panavir\u00ae. Panavir\u00ae is a high-molecular-weight fraction of the polysaccharides extracted from the shoots of the Solanum tuberosum. It demonstrates activity against many types of viruses, including animal coronavirus and also against bacterial infections. These properties look very promising considering the COVID-19 epidemy and allow propose that Panavir\u00ae would be effective in the therapy of the SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32510263, "title": "Breastfeeding, Human Milk Collection and Containers, and Human Milk Banking: Hot Topics During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Hum Lact", "authors": ["Moro, Guido E", "Bertino, Enrico"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510263", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503092, "title": "Risk of COVID-19 infection in MS and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.", "journal": "Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm", "authors": ["Fan, Moli", "Qiu, Wei", "Bu, Bitao", "Xu, Yan", "Yang, Huan", "Huang, Dehui", "Lau, Alexander Y", "Guo, Jun", "Zhang, Mei-Ni", "Zhang, Xinghu", "Yang, Chun-Sheng", "Chen, Jingshan", "Zheng, Pei", "Liu, Qiang", "Zhang, Chao", "Shi, Fu-Dong"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503092", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) may alter the immune status and thus increase the susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with MS or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). However, evidence supporting this notion is currently lacking. In this study, we conducted a survey on the risk of COVID-19 in patients with MS and NMOSD. The survey was conducted through the Chinese Medical Network for Neuroinflammation. Patients in 10 MS centers from 8 cities including Wuhan were included. Information about MS and NMOSD disease duration and the usage of DMDs were collected. Data of suspected cases of COVID-19 were obtained from hospital visits, questionnaires, and patient self-reporting. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was confirmed through clinical evaluation by a panel of experts in conjunction with chest CT and viral RNA detection. Eight hundred eighty-two of 1,804 (48.89%) patients with MS and 2,129 of 3,060 (69.58%) patients with NMOSD were receiving DMDs. There were no alterations in the patients' DMD regimen during January 15, 2020, to March 15, 2020, the 3-month period. None of the patients with MS treated with DMDs had COVID-19. However, 2 patients with relapsing NMOSD were diagnosed with COVID-19-related pneumonia. After treatment, both patients recovered from pneumonia and neither patient experienced new attacks due to predisposing SARS-CoV-2 infection in the following 2 months. No increased risk of COVID-19 infection was observed in patients with MS or NMOSD, irrespective of whether these patients received DMDs. A battery of stringent preventive measures adopted by neurologists to reduce COVID-19 infection in these patients may have contributed to low risk of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32282041, "pmcid": "PMC7184443", "title": "Nonpharmaceutical interventions and epidemic intensity during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qin, Gang", "Zhang, Lei", "Yu, Cheng-Jun"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282041", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444414, "title": "Antibodies against immunogenic epitopes with high sequence identity to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with autoimmune dermatomyositis.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Megremis, Spyridon", "Walker, Thomas D J", "He, Xiaotong", "Ollier, William E R", "Chinoy, Hector", "Hampson, Lynne", "Hampson, Ian", "Lamb, Janine A"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444414", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32237672, "title": "Universal Masking in Hospitals in the Covid-19 Era.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Klompas, Michael", "Morris, Charles A", "Sinclair, Julia", "Pearson, Madelyn", "Shenoy, Erica S"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237672", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448344, "pmcid": "PMC7245881", "title": "Effect of flow and cannula size on generated pressure during nasal high flow.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Pinkham, Maximilian", "Tatkov, Stanislav"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448344", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406638, "title": "[Diagnostic algorithm for COVID-19 at the ER].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Dofferhoff, A S M", "Swinkels, A", "Sprong, T", "Berk, Y", "Spanbroek, M", "Nabuurs-Franssen, M H", "Vermaat, M", "van de Kerkhof, B", "Willekens, M H C", "Voss, A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406638", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Evaluation of a diagnostic algorithm for estimating the risk of COVID-19 in patients who are referred to an emergency department for being suspected of having the disease. Retrospective study. Patients with fever with no apparent cause and patients with recently developed respiratory symptoms, whether or not in combination with fever, were routinely given a PCR test, blood tests (lymphocyte count and LDH levels) and a chest CT scan. The CT scan was assessed according to the CO-RADS classification. Based on the findings, the patients were divided into 3 cohorts (proven COVID-19, strong suspicion of COVID-19, and low suspicion of COVID-19) and the appropriate isolation measures were taken. In the period from 8 to 31 March 2020, the algorithm was applied to 312 patients. COVID-19 was proven for 69 (22%) patients. COVID-19 was strongly suspected for 151 (48%) patients and suspicion was low for the remaining 92 (29%) patients. The percentage of patients with positive PCR results and the percentage of patients with abnormal laboratory test results increased as the CO-RADS score increased. Among patients with a CO-RADS score of 4 or 5, this percentage increased further when they also had lymphopenia or elevated LDH levels. We have adjusted the flowchart based on our findings. In case of patients who have been referred to an emergency department for suspected COVID-19, a good COVID-19 risk assessment can be made on the basis of clinical signs, laboratory abnormalities and low-dose CT scans. Even before the results of the PCR test are known and even if the results are negative, patients can be classified as 'proven COVID-19 patients' using the algorithm."}, {"pmid": 32471558, "pmcid": "PMC7234953", "title": "Restructuring burns management during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Malaysian experience.", "journal": "Burns", "authors": ["Ilenghoven, Devananthan", "Hisham, Akmal", "Ibrahim, Salina", "Mohd Yussof, Shah Jumaat"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471558", "countries": ["Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484511, "title": "Honey Bee Queen Production: Canadian Costing Case Study and Profitability Analysis.", "journal": "J Econ Entomol", "authors": ["Bixby, Miriam", "Hoover, Shelley E", "McCallum, Robyn", "Ibrahim, Abdullah", "Ovinge, Lynae", "Olmstead, Sawyer", "Pernal, Stephen F", "Zayed, Amro", "Foster, Leonard J", "Guarna, M Marta"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484511", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The decline in managed honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colony health worldwide has had a significant impact on the beekeeping industry. To mitigate colony losses, beekeepers in Canada and around the world introduce queens into replacement colonies; however, Canada's short queen rearing season has historically limited the production of early season queens. As a result, Canadian beekeepers rely on the importation of foreign bees, particularly queens from warmer climates. Importing a large proportion of (often mal-adapted) queens each year creates a dependency on foreign bee sources, putting beekeeping, and pollination sectors at risk in the event of border closures, transportation issues, and other restrictions as is currently happening due to the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic. Although traditional Canadian queen production is unable to fully meet early season demand, increasing domestic queen production to meet mid- and later season demand would reduce Canada's dependency. As well, on-going studies exploring the potential for overwintering queens in Canada may offer a strategy to have early season domestic queens available. Increasing the local supply of queens could provide Canadian beekeepers, farmers, and consumers with a greater level of agricultural stability and food security. Our study is the first rigorous analysis of the economic feasibility of queen production. We present the costs of queen production for three Canadian operations over two years. Our results show that it can be profitable for a beekeeping operation in Canada to produce queen cells and mated queens and could be one viable strategy to increase the sustainability of the beekeeping industry."}, {"pmid": 32407828, "pmcid": "PMC7214334", "title": "The electronic medical record and COVID-19: Is it up to the challenge?", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Pryor, Rachel", "Atkinson, Connie", "Cooper, Kaila", "Doll, Michelle", "Godbout, Emily", "Stevens, Michael P", "Bearman, Gonzalo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407828", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307953, "title": "[Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Harefuah", "authors": ["Horesh, Adi", "Glassberg, Elon", "Bader, Tarif", "Twig, Gilad"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307953", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32309266, "pmcid": "PMC7162568", "title": "Abdominal Pain: A Real Challenge in Novel COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Poggiali, Erika", "Ramos, Pau Mateo", "Bastoni, Davide", "Vercelli, Andrea", "Magnacavallo, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309266", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 19) is an infectious disease caused by coronavirus 2019-nCoV. Since its detection in China at the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus has rapidly spread throughout the world and has caused an international public health emergency. The most common manifestation is flu-like symptoms. Mild infections usually improve within a few days, but COVID-19 can cause severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. Gastrointestinal symptoms are less common but possible and more difficult to recognize as part of a COVID-19 syndrome. In line with the current opinion of the WHO, we strongly believe that preventive measures and early diagnosis of COVID-19 are crucial to interrupt virus spread and avoid local outbreaks. We report the cases of COVID-19 patients admitted to our Emergency Department who complained of gastrointestinal symptoms at admission. The novel COVID-19 infection is a severe public health problem which is causing an increasing number of deaths worldwide.Although uncommon, there may be a relationship between gastrointestinal symptoms and COVID-19, as reported in recent studies.Early detection and isolation of patients with COVID-19 infection is the only way to control and limit the global spread of this virus."}, {"pmid": 32339228, "pmcid": "PMC7197615", "title": "Interactive web-based graphs of novel coronavirus COVID-19 cases and deaths per population by country.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Idogawa, Masashi", "Tange, Shoichiro", "Nakase, Hiroshi", "Tokino, Takashi"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339228", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An accurate grasp of COVID-19 situation is considered highly important. The website we launched provides graphs of COVID-19 cases and deaths per one million population over time including trajectory analysis, and one can easily grasp the COVID-19 trend and adequately compare the situation between countries through this interactive graph system."}, {"pmid": 32406037, "pmcid": "PMC7220615", "title": "COVID-19: is fibrosis the killer?", "journal": "J Cell Commun Signal", "authors": ["Leask, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406037", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a respiratory disease. A recent report in Lancet examined, retrospectively, 137 patients with COVD-19. Patients that died had elevated IL-6 levels and acute respiratory distress syndrome. These data have obvious implications for how to control mortality in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32445201, "title": "SARS-CoV-2-associated Guillain-Barre syndrome with dysautonomia.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Su, Xiaowei W", "Palka, Sydney V", "Rao, Rahul R", "Chen, Fred S", "Brackney, Christopher R", "Cambi, Franca"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445201", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515682, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Global Pandemic on the Otolaryngology Fellowship Application Process.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Nesemeier, B Ryan", "Lebo, Nicole L", "Schmalbach, Cecelia E", "Barnes, Kaitlyn J", "Vernon, Dominic", "Ting, Jonathan Y", "Shipchandler, Taha Z"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515682", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 a global pandemic. In addition to massive social disruption, this pandemic affected the traditional fellowship interview season for otolaryngology subspecialties, including head and neck surgical oncology, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, laryngology, rhinology, neurotology, and pediatric otolaryngology. The impact on the fellowship interview process, from the standpoint of the institution and the applicant, necessitated the use of alternative interview processes. This change may alter the future of how interviews and the match proceed for years to come, with nontraditional methods of interviewing becoming a mainstay. While the impact this pandemic has on the fellowship match process is not yet fully realized, this commentary aims to discuss the challenges faced on both sides of the equation and to offer solutions during these unprecedented times."}, {"pmid": 32232433, "pmcid": "PMC7110919", "title": "Characteristics of Ocular Findings of Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei Province, China.", "journal": "JAMA Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Wu, Ping", "Duan, Fang", "Luo, Chunhua", "Liu, Qiang", "Qu, Xingguang", "Liang, Liang", "Wu, Kaili"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232433", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in more than 100\u202f000 infected individuals in China and worldwide, there are few reports on the association of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with ocular abnormalities. Understanding ocular manifestations of patients with COVID-19 by ophthalmologists and others may facilitate the diagnosis and prevention of transmission of the disease. To investigate ocular manifestations and viral prevalence in the conjunctiva of patients with COVID-19. In this case series, patients with COVID-19 treated from February 9 to 15, 2020, at a hospital center in Hubei province, China, were retrospectively reviewed for ocular manifestations. During the period of treatment, the ocular signs and symptoms as well as results of blood tests and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from nasopharyngeal and conjunctival swabs for SARS-CoV-2 were noted and analyzed. Ocular signs and symptoms as well as results of blood tests and RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2. Of the 38 included patients with clinically confirmed COVID-19, 25 (65.8%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 65.8 (16.6) years. Among them, 28 patients (73.7%) had positive findings for COVID-19 on RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs, and of these, 2 patients (5.2%) yielded positive findings for SARS-CoV-2 in their conjunctival as well as nasopharyngeal specimens. A total of 12 of 38 patients (31.6%; 95% CI, 17.5-48.7) had ocular manifestations consistent with conjunctivitis, including conjunctival hyperemia, chemosis, epiphora, or increased secretions. By univariate analysis, patients with ocular symptoms were more likely to have higher white blood cell and neutrophil counts and higher levels of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein, and lactate dehydrogenase than patients without ocular symptoms. In addition, 11 of 12 patients with ocular abnormalities (91.7%; 95% CI, 61.5-99.8) had positive results for SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs. Of these, 2 (16.7%) had positive results for SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR from both conjunctival and nasopharyngeal swabs. In this study, one-third of patients with COVID-19 had ocular abnormalities, which frequently occurred in patients with more severe COVID-19. Although there is a low prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in tears, it is possible to transmit via the eyes."}, {"pmid": 32387762, "pmcid": "PMC7187859", "title": "Transient cortical blindness in COVID-19 pneumonia; a PRES-like syndrome: Case report.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Kaya, Yildiz", "Kara, Simay", "Akinci, Canan", "Kocaman, Ayse Sagduyu"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387762", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318694, "pmcid": "PMC7188182", "title": "Can the COVID-19 crisis strengthen our treatment escalation planning and resuscitation decision making?", "journal": "Age Ageing", "authors": ["McIntosh, Luke"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318694", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369203, "pmcid": "PMC7267502", "title": "Smoking links to the severity of Covid-19: An update of a meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Guo, Fei Ran"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369203", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The paper entitled \"The impact of COPD and smoking history on the severity of Covid-19: A systemic review and meta-analysis.\" published in Journal of Medical Virology on 15 April, 20201. The results revealed the pooled OR of COPD and the development of severe Covid-19 was 4.38 (Fixed effect model, 95% CI: 2.34-8.20), while the OR of ongoing smoking was 1.98 (Fixed effect model, 95% CI: 1.29-3.05). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32317113, "pmcid": "PMC7271263", "title": "COVID-19 therapeutic options for patients with kidney disease.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Izzedine, Hassan", "Jhaveri, Kenar D", "Perazella, Mark A"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317113", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423776, "pmcid": "PMC7228696", "title": "Time to pause, to think, and to recalibrate after COVID-19.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Pal Singh Gambhir, Raghvinder"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423776", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490733, "title": "Interleukin 6 polymorphisms as an indicator of COVID-19 severity in humans.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Kirtipal, Nikhil", "Bharadwaj, Shiv"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490733", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398624, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on Craniofacial Surgery.", "journal": "J Craniofac Surg", "authors": ["Andrews, Brian T", "Garg, Ravi", "Przylecki, Wojciech", "Habal, Mutaz"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398624", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late 2019, a novel coronavirus strain, SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), also known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), triggered a global pandemic as the virus spread from the Wuhan Province, China, across all continents. Although infrequent, severe respiratory infection and death caused by SARS-CoV-2 is disproportionately high amongst healthcare providers such as craniofacial surgeons who work in the head and neck region. Factors this impact SARS-CoV-2 transmission include: (1) high viral loads in the mucosa of the oral and nasopharynx, (2) limited and/or imprecise disease screening/confirmation testing, (3) access to and appropriate use of personal protective equipment (PPE)."}, {"pmid": 32493735, "title": "Quality improvement during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Oesterreich, Shari", "Cywinski, Jacek B", "Elo, Brett", "Geube, Mariya", "Mathur, Piyush"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493735", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, quality improvement teams at Cleveland Clinic initiated a number of measures to guide the care of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection and protect care givers. This included increasing the frequency of team meetings from monthly to daily or weekly and creating task forces to create protocols for patient transport, airway management, and management of personal protective equipment and medications in short supply. Enterprise wide, we postponed non-essential surgeries, set up an overflow intensive care unit onsite, created a web-based COVID-19 toolkit for all care givers, and sent daily emails about the most recent developments, decisions, and recommendations from national and international societies."}, {"pmid": 32385982, "title": "[Materialism and dialectics of epidemic prevention and control: only by respecting science can we do more with less].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Wu, Xiukun"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385982", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epidemic caused by COVID-19 has been highly concerned by the international community including World Health Organization (WHO). This is an ongoing battle for human life and health. We should always remember and learn lessons from the past, which could be promoted to all over the country, even the world. Many phenomena and problems in the work of epidemic prevention, control and treatment are worthy of our deep reflection. We should use scientific approach and dialectical materialism to make a practical and realistic summary. The purpose is to win the battle as soon as possible, and more importantly, to avoid repeating the same mistakes and prevent pestilence before it happens."}, {"pmid": 32266498, "pmcid": "PMC7137858", "title": "Management of orthodontic emergencies during 2019-NCOV.", "journal": "Prog Orthod", "authors": ["Caprioglio, Alberto", "Pizzetti, Giulia B", "Zecca, Piero Antonio", "Fastuca, Rosamaria", "Maino, Giuliano", "Nanda, Ravindra"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266498", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32231322, "title": "Climate vs coronavirus: Why massive stimulus plans could represent missed opportunities.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Tollefson, Jeff"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231322", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308188, "pmcid": "PMC7200834", "title": "Nowruz travelers and the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Kaffashi, Amir", "Jahani, Frieda"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308188", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32225135, "title": "Pathways for urology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Minerva Urol Nefrol", "authors": ["Simonato, Alchiede", "Giannarini, Gianluca", "Abrate, Alberto", "Bartoletti, Riccardo", "Crestani, Alessandro", "De Nunzio, Cosimo", "Gregori, Andrea", "Liguori, Giovanni", "Novara, Giacomo", "Pavan, Nicola", "Trombetta, Carlo", "Tubaro, Andrea", "Porpiglia, Francesco", "Ficarra, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32225135", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The public health emergency caused by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a significant reallocation of health resources with a consequent reorganization of the clinical activities also in several urological centers. A panel of Italian urologists has agreed on a set of recommendations on pathways of pre-, intra- and post-operative care for urological patients undergoing urgent procedures or non-deferrable oncological interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Simplification of the diagnostic and staging pathway has to be prioritized in order to reduce hospital visits and consequently the risk of contagion. In absence of strict uniform regulations that impose the implementation of nasopharyngeal swabs, we recommend that an accurate triage for possible COVID-19 symptoms be performed both by telephone at home before hospitalization and at the time of hospitalization. We recommend that during hospital stay patients should be provided with as many instructions as possible to facilitate their return to, and stay at, home. Patients should be discharged under stable good conditions in order to minimize the risk of readmission. It is advisable to reduce or reschedule post-discharge controls and implement an adequate system of communication for telemonitoring discharged patients in order to reduce hospital visits."}, {"pmid": 32266994, "pmcid": "PMC7262145", "title": "Comment on \"Organ-protective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and its effect on the prognosis of COVID-19\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Cure, Erkan", "Cumhur Cure, Medine"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266994", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32203382, "title": "Scientists exposed to coronavirus wonder: why weren't we notified?", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Maxmen, Amy"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203382", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527915, "title": "Graduating in lockdown.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527915", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fabian Rivers, recent graduate rep on BVA Council, spares a thought for those graduating during the Covid-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32517506, "title": "The Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic and Diabetes: An International Perspective.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Klonoff, David C"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517506", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488343, "pmcid": "PMC7264486", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 as a particular sepsis: a 2-week follow-up of standard immunological parameters in critically ill patients.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Monneret, Guillaume", "Cour, Martin", "Viel, Sebastien", "Venet, Fabienne", "Argaud, Laurent"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488343", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304743, "pmcid": "PMC7159847", "title": "Modelling the epidemic spread of COVID-19 virus infection in Northern African countries.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Daw, Mohamed A", "El-Bouzedi, Abdallah H"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304743", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296259, "pmcid": "PMC7158785", "title": "Convalescent plasma: A possible treatment of COVID-19 in India.", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Teixeira da Silva, Jaime A"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296259", "countries": ["Italy", "India", "Spain", "China", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In India, SARS-CoV-2 virus-induced coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has already infected close to 5500 people, causing the death of 164. While these numbers are not comparable with values observed for the USA, Italy, or Spain, given the population of India, and the fact that the pandemic is now in an exponential stage of growth, the risks of a contagion that affects a large sector of the Indian population are real. There are no current effective strategies to prevent the spread, other than minimizing contact through social distancing, while no fully effective drugs to prevent or treat COVID-19 exist, although several candidate drugs and repurposed antiviral and immune-modulating pharmacotherapies are being tested or in compassionate use. One postexposure prophylaxis, convalescent (immune) plasma (CP), has shown some success in China\u00a0and previously in the cure and therapy of other coronaviruses, SARS-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome. Drawn from current patients who are infected with COVID-19, its CP (human anti-SARS-CoV-2 plasma) might be one way to modulate the infectivity of this virus\u00a0or its effects postinfection."}, {"pmid": 32323591, "title": "Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants in the era of SARS-CoV-2 - could laboratory tests be the missing link?", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Alpalhao, Miguel", "Filipe, Paulo"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323591", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328364, "pmcid": "PMC7170017", "title": "Neurological Complications of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Encephalopathy.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Filatov, Asia", "Sharma, Pamraj", "Hindi, Fawzi", "Espinosa, Patricio S"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328364", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic. Neurological complications of COVID-19 have not been reported. Encephalopathy has not been described as a presenting symptom or complication of COVID-19. We report a case of a 74-year-old patient who traveled from Europe to the United States and presented with encephalopathy and COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32406421, "pmcid": "PMC7219408", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Dialysis: The Experience in Singapore.", "journal": "Kidney Med", "authors": ["En Khoo, Benjamin Zhi", "See, Yong Pey", "Kam Koh, Timothy Jee", "Yeo, See Cheng"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406421", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438371, "title": "Structure of replicating SARS-CoV-2 polymerase.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Hillen, Hauke S", "Kokic, Goran", "Farnung, Lucas", "Dienemann, Christian", "Tegunov, Dimitry", "Cramer, Patrick"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438371", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 uses an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) for the replication of its genome and the transcription of its genes1-3. Here we present the cryo-electron microscopic structure of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp in active form, mimicking the replicating enzyme. The structure comprises the viral proteins nsp12, nsp8, and nsp7, and over two turns of RNA template-product duplex. The active site cleft of nsp12 binds the first turn of RNA and mediates RdRp activity with conserved residues. Two copies of nsp8 bind to opposite sides of the cleft and position the second turn of RNA. Long helical extensions in nsp8 protrude along exiting RNA, forming positively charged 'sliding poles'. These sliding poles can account for the known processivity of the RdRp that is required for replicating the long coronavirus genome3. Our results enable a detailed analysis of the inhibitory mechanisms that underlie the antiviral activity of substances such as remdesivir, a drug for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)4."}, {"pmid": 32324596, "pmcid": "PMC7188061", "title": "In Response: Pediatric Airway Management in COVID-19 patients - Consensus Guidelines from the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia's Pediatric Difficult Intubation Collaborative and the Canadian Pediatric Anesthesia Society.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Brooks Peterson, Melissa L", "Fiadjoe, John E"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324596", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470178, "title": "Challenges and solutions for maternity and gynecology services during the COVID-19 crisis in Jordan.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Alsharaydeh, Ibrahim", "Rawashdeh, Hasan", "Saadeh, Noura", "Obeidat, Basil", "Obeidat, Nail"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470178", "countries": ["Jordan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe regional experiences and measures implemented to safely maintain obstetrics and gynecology services during the COVID-19 pandemic at King Abdullah University Hospital in Jordan. All policies and measures were implemented in keeping with World Health Organization and other international recommendations and guidelines. With concerted effort and a multidisciplinary approach, most maternity and gynecology services were provided and all other training and educating responsibilities were maintained. COVID-19 caused an unprecedented global healthcare crisis. Our institution addressed the challenges and implemented several measures at different levels to maintain services and facilitate the training and teaching of trainees and medical students."}, {"pmid": 32185368, "pmcid": "PMC7075272", "title": "A Novel Coronavirus Outbreak from Wuhan City in China, Rapid Need for Emergency Departments Preparedness and Response; a Letter to Editor.", "journal": "Arch Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Alavi-Moghaddam, Mostafa"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32185368", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531421, "pmcid": "PMC7283070", "title": "Reflection on SARS-CoV-2 infection of container ship seafarers.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Dai, Qi", "Hu, Supei", "Yan, Kun", "Chen, Zhang", "Chen, Bin", "Cai, Ting", "Zhang, Shun", "Zhang, Jingfeng", "Zheng, Jianjun"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531421", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32127124, "pmcid": "PMC7055038", "title": "Early transmission patterns of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in travellers from Wuhan to Thailand, January 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Okada, Pilailuk", "Buathong, Rome", "Phuygun, Siripaporn", "Thanadachakul, Thanutsapa", "Parnmen, Sittiporn", "Wongboot, Warawan", "Waicharoen, Sunthareeya", "Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn", "Uttayamakul, Sumonmal", "Vachiraphan, Apichart", "Chittaganpitch, Malinee", "Mekha, Nanthawan", "Janejai, Noppavan", "Iamsirithaworn, Sopon", "Lee, Raphael Tc", "Maurer-Stroh, Sebastian"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127124", "countries": ["China", "Thailand"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report two cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in travellers from Wuhan, China to Thailand. Both were independent introductions on separate flights, discovered with thermoscanners and confirmed with RT-PCR and genome sequencing. Both cases do not seem directly linked to the Huanan Seafood Market in Hubei but the viral genomes are identical to four other sequences from Wuhan, suggesting early spread within the city already in the first week of January."}, {"pmid": 32271605, "title": "Evaluation of the Level of Anxiety among Iranian Multiple Sclerosis Fellowships During the Outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Naser Moghadasi, Abdorreza"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271605", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32183920, "pmcid": "PMC7137532", "title": "The difference in the incubation period of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection between travelers to Hubei and nontravelers: The need for a longer quarantine period.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Leung, Char"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32183920", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data collected from the individual cases reported by the media were used to estimate the distribution of the incubation period of travelers to Hubei versus that of nontravelers. Because a longer and more volatile incubation period has been observed in travelers, the duration of quarantine should be extended to 3 weeks."}, {"pmid": 32369475, "title": "[Recommendations of the Society of Gastroenterology of Peru to avoid the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through digestive endoscopy procedures].", "journal": "Rev Gastroenterol Peru", "authors": ["Prochazka Za Rate, Ricardo Arturo", "Cabrera Cabrejos, Maria Cecilia", "Piscoya, Alejandro", "Vera Calderon, Augusto Francisco"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369475", "countries": ["Peru"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus produces the disease called COVID-19, currently spreading in a rapidly evolving pandemic. It can be transmitted by contact, drops and aerosols, and has been isolated from gastrointestinal secretions and faeces. During digestive endoscopy, transmission by any of these mechanisms could occur. It is recommended to limit digestive endoscopy to cases of digestive bleeding, severe dysphagia, foreign body in the digestive tract, biliary obstruction with intractable pain or cholangitis, pseudocyst or complicated encapsulated pancreatic necrosis, gastrointestinal obstruction, and cases at risk of deterioration over time. It is recommended to screen patients based on temperature, symptoms, and epidemiological factors to classify them according to their risk of infection. For procedures in low risk patients, personnel must wear a disposable gown, gloves, eye or face shield, standard surgical mask, disposable hat, disposable shoe covers. In cases of intermediate or high risk, or confirmed COVID-19, protection should be increased using disposable waterproof gown, N95 respirator or similar, and double glove. In case of shortage it may be necessary to reuse N95 respirators for up to 5 uses, following CDC recommendations for donning, removing and storing to prevent secondary contact contamination. Likewise, all protective equipment should be put on and removed according to CDC recommendations. The presence of personnel in endoscopy should be limited to the bare minimum. Said personnel must have daily temperature control and if it is above 37.3\u00baC, the corresponding evaluation must be carried out. After each procedure, the stretcher and room surfaces should be properly disinfected. High-level disinfection of endoscopes eliminates SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32389133, "pmcid": "PMC7248593", "title": "Regional difference in the rate of spread of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Tanabe, Kazuhiro", "Sasaki, Katsuhiko", "Igami, Ko", "Kamioka, Kazuyuki"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389133", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522812, "title": "Consent in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Turnham, Helen Lynne", "Dunn, Michael", "Hill, Elaine", "Thornburn, Guy T", "Wilkinson, Dominic"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522812", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic crisis has necessitated widespread adaptation of revised treatment regimens for both urgent and routine medical problems in patients with and without COVID-19. Some of these alternative treatments maybe second-best. Treatments that are known to be superior might not be appropriate to deliver during a pandemic when consideration must be given to distributive justice and protection of patients and their medical teams as well the importance given to individual benefit and autonomy. What is required of the doctor discussing these alternative, potentially inferior treatments and seeking consent to proceed? Should doctors share information about unavailable but standard treatment alternatives when seeking consent? There are arguments in defence of non-disclosure; information about unavailable treatments may not aid a patient to weigh up options that are available to them. There might be justified concern about distress for patients who are informed that they are receiving second-best therapies. However, we argue that doctors should tailor information according to the needs of the individual patient. For most patients that will include a nuanced discussion about treatments that would be considered in other times but currently unavailable. That will sometimes be a difficult conversation, and require clinicians to be frank about limited resources and necessary rationing. However, transparency and honesty will usually be the best policy."}, {"pmid": 32312018, "title": "Imaging features and mechanisms of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19): Study Protocol Clinical Trial (SPIRIT Compliant).", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Huang, Zixing", "Zhao, Shuang", "Xu, Lin", "Chen, Jianxin", "Lin, Wei", "Zeng, Hanjiang", "Chen, Zhixia", "Du, Liang", "Shi, Yujun", "Zhang, Na", "Song, Bin"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312018", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus, tentatively designated as 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV), now called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, emerged in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019 and which continues to expand. On February 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) named the disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). On February 28, WHO increased our assessment of the risk of spread and the risk of impact of COVID-19 to very high at a global level. The COVID-19 poses significant threats to international health.Computed tomography (CT) has been an important imaging modality in assisting in the diagnosis and management of patients withCOVID-19. Some retrospective imaging studies have reported chest CT findings of COVID-19 in the past 2 months, suggesting that several CT findings may be characteristic. To our knowledge, there has been no prospective multicentre imaging study of COVID-19 to date.We proposed a hypothesis: There are some specific CT features on Chest CT of COVID-19 patients. And the mechanism of these CT features is explicable based on pathological findings. To investigate the specific CT features of COVID-19 and the formation mechanism of these CT features. This study is a prospective multicenter observational study. We will recruit 100 patients with COVID-19 at 55 hospitals. All patients undergo chest CT examination with the same scan protocol. The distribution and morphology of lesions on chest CT, clinical data will be recorded. A number of patients will be pathologically examined after permission is granted. The data of these three aspects will be analyzed synthetically. This study will help us to identify the chest CT features of COVID-19 and its mechanism. This retrospective study was approved by the Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of West China Hospital of Sichuan University (No. 2020-140). Written informed consent will be obtained from all study participants prior to enrollment in the study. To protect privacy of participants, all private information were kept anonymous. The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be disseminated electronically and in print regardless of results."}, {"pmid": 32233562, "title": "A mathematical model for the novel coronavirus epidemic in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Math Biosci Eng", "authors": ["Yang, Cha Yu", "Wang, Jin"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32233562", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We propose a mathematical model to investigate the current outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China. Our model describes the multiple transmission pathways in the infection dynamics, and emphasizes the role of the environmental reservoir in the transmission and spread of this disease. Our model also employs non-constant transmission rates which change with the epidemiological status and environmental conditions and which reflect the impact of the on-going disease control measures. We conduct a detailed analysis of this model, and demonstrate its application using publicly reported data. Among other findings, our analytical and numerical results indicate that the coronavirus infection would remain endemic, which necessitates long-term disease prevention and intervention programs."}, {"pmid": 32246838, "title": "Hospital surge capacity in a tertiary emergency referral centre during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Carenzo, L", "Costantini, E", "Greco, M", "Barra, F L", "Rendiniello, V", "Mainetti, M", "Bui, R", "Zanella, A", "Grasselli, G", "Lagioia, M", "Protti, A", "Cecconi, M"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246838", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first person-to-person transmission of the 2019 novel coronavirus in Italy on 21 February 2020 led to an infection chain that represents one of the largest known COVID-19 outbreaks outside Asia. In northern Italy in particular, we rapidly experienced a critical care crisis due to a shortage of intensive care beds, as we expected according to data reported in China. Based on our experience of managing this surge, we produced this review to support other healthcare services in preparedness and training of hospitals during the current coronavirus outbreak. We had a dedicated task force that identified a response plan, which included: (1) establishment of dedicated, cohorted intensive care units for COVID-19-positive patients; (2) design of appropriate procedures for pre-triage, diagnosis and isolation of suspected and confirmed cases; and (3) training of all staff to work in the dedicated intensive care unit, in personal protective equipment usage and patient management. Hospital multidisciplinary and departmental collaboration was needed to work on all principles of surge capacity, including: space definition; supplies provision; staff recruitment; and ad hoc training. Dedicated protocols were applied where full isolation of spaces, staff and patients was implemented. Opening the unit and the whole hospital emergency process required the multidisciplinary, multi-level involvement of healthcare providers and hospital managers all working towards a common goal: patient care and hospital safety. Hospitals should be prepared to face severe disruptions to their routine and it is very likely that protocols and procedures might require re-discussion and updating on a daily basis."}, {"pmid": 32398429, "pmcid": "PMC7219845", "title": "A response to: Determining Urgent/Emergent status of Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopic Procedures in an Ambulatory Care Setting during the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Hagan, Katherine B", "Raju, Gottumukkala", "Carlson, Richard", "Gottumukkala, Vijaya"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398429", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461818, "pmcid": "PMC7248683", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Marked Global Disparities in Fatalities According to Geographic Location and Universal Health Care.", "journal": "Int J MCH AIDS", "authors": ["Dongarwar, Deepa", "Salihu, Hamisu M"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461818", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its outbreak, COVID-19 pandemic has been the biggest global concern with exponentially increasing number of cases and associated deaths across all habitable continents. Various countries around the world with their diverse health care systems, have responded to the pandemic in very distinctive ways. In this paper, we: compared COVID-19 mortality rates across global geographic regions; and assessed differences in COVID-19-related case fatality rate (CFR) based on presence or absence of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). We found that as of May 6, 2020, Europe had experienced the highest CFR globally of 9.6%, followed by 5.9% in North America. Although the pandemic originated in Asia, the continent ranked second to the last in terms of CFR (3.5%). Countries with UHC had lower number of cases of 37.6%, but the CFR of countries with UHC was twice that of countries without UHC (10.5% versus 4.9%). In conclusion, UHC does not appear to protect against mortality in a pandemic environment such as with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32527327, "pmcid": "PMC7288621", "title": "Flight of the COVID-19 patient: experience with a Wuhan evacuee: a case report.", "journal": "J Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Segar, Sandeep", "Bouland, Daniel", "Torriani, Francesca", "Kwak, Kevin", "Asudani, Deepak", "Taplitz, Randy", "Gupta, Vineet"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527327", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. We report a case of a 51-year-old Chinese woman who was evacuated from Wuhan, China and diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 infection at a Southern California quarantine facility. Her clinical course was notable for high fevers, night sweats, productive cough, transient leukopenia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and transaminitis. Evolving hypoxia and infiltrates on chest imaging warranted the trial of an investigational antiviral drug - remdesivir. Our patient recovered and was discharged after 2 weeks of hospitalization. This case highlights our patient's clinical course, including diagnostic work-up, medical management, and challenges in defining non-infectivity in a relatively unknown disease."}, {"pmid": 32438453, "title": "Integrating COVID-19 Volunteer Response into the Year 3 MD Curriculum.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Haines, Morgan J", "Cm Yu, Alec", "Ching, Geoffrey", "Kestler, Mary"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438453", "countries": ["Canada"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The University of British Columbia (UBC) Faculty of Medicine suspended clinical rotations for medical students on March 14, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. At that time 291 Year 3 medical students were engaged in clerkships across British Columbia and urgently needed an academic pathway to advance to Year 4 on schedule."}, {"pmid": 32201376, "title": "Covid-19 mass testing facilities could end the epidemic rapidly.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Peto, Julian"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201376", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32105381, "pmcid": "PMC7228386", "title": "Trust is a key factor in the willingness of health professionals to work during the COVID-19 outbreak: Experience from the H1N1 pandemic in Japan 2009.", "journal": "Psychiatry Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Imai, Hissei"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105381", "countries": ["Japan"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32534340, "title": "The intriguing commonality of NETosis between COVID-19 & Periodontal disease.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Gupta, Shipra", "Sahni, Vaibhav"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534340", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "NETosis, being an alternative form of cell death is the creation of web-like chromatin decondensates by suitably primed neutrophils as a response to stimulus aimed at containing and eliminating the same. In certain situations, it causes more harm than benefit in the form of bystander damage directly or via activation of autoimmune mechanisms. Such pathophysiology finds evidence in both Periodontal disease and COVID-19. Coupled with impaired removal, NETs have been implicated in both these disease forms to promote a state of inflammation and be a source of constant harm to the tissues involved. This potentially forms groundwork to implicate Periodontal disease as predisposing towards adverse COVID-19 related outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32467290, "title": "Compensation and hazard pay for key workers during an epidemic: an argument from analogy.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["McConnell, Doug", "Wilkinson, Dominic"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467290", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has created unusually challenging and dangerous workplace conditions for key workers. This has prompted calls for key workers to receive a variety of special benefits over and above their normal pay. Here, we consider whether two such benefits are justified: a no-fault compensation scheme for harm caused by an epidemic and hazard pay for the risks and burdens of working during an epidemic. Both forms of benefit are often made available to members of the armed forces for the harms, risks and burdens that come with military service. We argue from analogy that these benefits also ought to be provided to key workers during an epidemic because, like the military, key workers face unavoidable harms, risks and burdens in providing essential public good. The amount of compensation should be proportional to the harm suffered and the amount of hazard pay should be proportional to the risk and burden endured. Therefore, key workers should receive the same amount of compensation and hazard pay as the military where the harms, risks and burdens are equivalent. In the UK, a form of no-fault compensation has recently been made available to the surviving families of key workers who suffer fatal COVID-19 infections. According to our argument, however, it is insufficient because it offers less to key workers than is made available to the families of armed services personnel killed on duty."}, {"pmid": 32454982, "pmcid": "PMC7233677", "title": "Amid COVID-19: the importance of developing an positive adverse drug reaction (ADR) and medical device incident (MDI) reporting culture for Global Health and public safety.", "journal": "J Pharm Policy Pract", "authors": ["Elbeddini, Ali", "Yeats, Aniko", "Lee, Stephanie"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454982", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amid COVID-19 Crisis, reporting adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and medical device incidents (MDIs) to Health Canada or health authorities in every country is crucial for monitoring medication safety and improving public health. Health Canada, for example, through their online database, has facilitated the process of reporting side effects relating to drugs and medical devices. However, several patients and health care professionals still fail to voluntarily report adverse events. For health care providers, some barriers to reporting may include fear of negative feedback, apathy, legal concerns, and uncertainty about whether an incident qualifies as an ADR. In the current COVID-19 Crisis, it is especially important for health care providers to be diligent about reporting Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs), since misinformation propagated by the media is causing patients to misuse certain medications. We need to shift the current thought process about ADR reporting in order to encourage a positive reporting culture by patients and health care providers."}, {"pmid": 32296757, "pmcid": "PMC7156797", "title": "Air Pollution and the Novel Covid-19 Disease: a Putative Disease Risk Factor.", "journal": "SN Compr Clin Med", "authors": ["Martelletti, Luigi", "Martelletti, Paolo"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296757", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388469, "pmcid": "PMC7189193", "title": "Gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, and pancreatic manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Patel, Kishan P", "Patel, Puja A", "Vunnam, Rama R", "Hewlett, Alexander T", "Jain, Rohit", "Jing, Ran", "Vunnam, Srinivas R"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388469", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is an increasing number of confirmed cases and deaths caused by the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contributing to the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. At this point, the need for further disease characterization is critical. COVID-19 is well established as a respiratory tract pathogen; however, recent studies have shown an increasing number of patients reporting gastrointestinal manifestations such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. The time from onset of gastrointestinal symptoms to hospital presentation is often delayed compared to that of respiratory symptoms. It has been noted that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected in fecal matter for an extended period of time, even after respiratory samples have tested negative and patients are asymptomatic. In this article, SARS-CoV-2 and its disease COVID-19 will be reviewed with consideration of the latest literature about gastrointestinal symptomatology, the mechanisms by which the virus may inflict damage, and the possibility of viral replication contributing to a fecal-oral route of transmission."}, {"pmid": 32330332, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in children - Understanding the immune responses and controlling the pandemic.", "journal": "Pediatr Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Lu, Xiaoxia", "Xiang, Yun", "Du, Hui", "Wing-Kin Wong, Gary"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330332", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a cluster of patients with severe pneumonia caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in the city of Wuhan, China. The disease is now termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In the early reports, the patients were mainly middle-aged and elderly men, and children appeared to be less susceptible to this infection. With modern and efficient transportation, the disease quickly spread to almost all corners of the world and the mortality far exceeds that caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus. As the number of children with COVID-19 gradually increases, the disease has been documented in premature babies, infants, children, and adolescents. Severe and fatal cases in children are relatively rare. The burden of disease in children has been relatively low, but the high proportions of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infections in children deserve careful attention. A clear understanding of the immune responses to the virus in children and the transmission potential of asymptomatic children is of paramount importance for the development of specific treatments and vaccine in order to effectively control the ongoing pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32222191, "pmcid": "PMC7194627", "title": "COVID-19 cacophony: is there any orchestra conductor?", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Flahault, Antoine"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222191", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298807, "pmcid": "PMC7194685", "title": "Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Biol Blood Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Bachanova, Veronika", "Bishop, Michael R", "Dahi, Parastoo", "Dholaria, Bhagirathbhai", "Grupp, Stephan A", "Hayes-Lattin, Brandon", "Janakiram, Murali", "Maziarz, Richard T", "McGuirk, Joseph P", "Nastoupil, Loretta J", "Oluwole, Olalekan O", "Perales, Miguel-Angel", "Porter, David L", "Riedell, Peter A"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298807", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly impacted the delivery of cellular therapeutics, including chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. This impact has extended beyond patient care to include logistics, administration, and distribution of increasingly limited health care resources. Based on the collective experience of the CAR T-cell Consortium investigators, we review and address several questions and concerns regarding cellular therapy administration in the setting of COVID-19 and make general recommendations to address these issues. Specifically, we address (1) necessary resources for safe administration of cell therapies; (2) determinants of cell therapy utilization; (3) selection among patients with B cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas and B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia; (4) supportive measures during cell therapy administration; (5) use and prioritization of tocilizumab; and (6) collaborative care with referring physicians. These recommendations were carefully formulated with the understanding that resource allocation is of the utmost importance, and that the decision to proceed with CAR T cell therapy will require extensive discussion of potential risks and benefits. Although these recommendations are fluid, at this time it is our opinion that the COVID-19 pandemic should not serve as reason to defer CAR T cell therapy for patients truly in need of a potentially curative therapy."}, {"pmid": 32283269, "pmcid": "PMC7146674", "title": "Rural Healthcare Center Preparation and Readiness Response to Threat of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Brown, Jennifer", "Guru, Swadha", "Williams, Karen", "Florentino, Reyna", "Miner, Jean", "Cagir, Burt"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283269", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341285, "title": "Readying for a Post-COVID-19 World: The Case for Concurrent Pandemic Disaster Response and Recovery Efforts in Public Health.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["Barnett, Daniel J", "Rosenblum, Andrew J", "Strauss-Riggs, Kandra", "Kirsch, Thomas D"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341285", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391672, "title": "[Management of a colon cancer patient complicated with COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Ye, Ziqi", "Hong, Yun", "Wu, Xiuhua", "Hong, Dongsheng", "Zhang, Yanfang", "Dong, Xihao", "Rao, Yuefeng", "Lu, Xiaoyang"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391672", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the feasibility of radical resection for cancer patients complicated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The management and clinical outcome of a sigmoid cancer patient with COVID-19 were analyzed. The inflammation indicators and fever of this patient were effectively controlled and the lung lesions remained stable after active anti-viral treatment, then the radical colorectomy was performed after the viral negative conversion for twice. The case indicates that radical resection can be performed in SARS-CoV-2 patients with twice-negative SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid testing results."}, {"pmid": 32200399, "title": "Mental Health Strategies to Combat the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Beyond Paranoia and Panic.", "journal": "Ann Acad Med Singapore", "authors": ["Ho, Cyrus Sh", "Chee, Cornelia Yi", "Ho, Roger Cm"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32200399", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400965, "pmcid": "PMC7273014", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 and transplantation: The combination of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine is responsible for excessive tacrolimus trough level and unfavorable outcome.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Xia, Tian", "Wang, Yanfeng"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400965", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32174054, "pmcid": "PMC7183823", "title": "Evolution of Computed Tomography Manifestations in Five Patients Who Recovered from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Sun, Qiulian", "Xu, Xinjian", "Xie, Jicheng", "Li, Jingjing", "Huang, Xiangzhong"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32174054", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341597, "pmcid": "PMC7184018", "title": "[Obesity and 2019-nCoV. A risky relationship].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Carretero Gomez, J", "Arevalo Lorido, J C", "Carrasco Sanchez, F J"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341597", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502005, "title": "The efficacy of masks for influenza-like illness in the community: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Wang, Hua", "Chen, Mao-Bing", "Cui, Wei-Yan", "Xu, Hua-Lan", "Zheng, Qi-Han"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502005", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 period, there was a huge gap in the understanding of masks between east and west. At the same time, the mechanism of the mask and the effect after use, also appeared differences. The Objective of this Meta-analysis is to systematically evaluate the efficacy of masks for influenza in the community. The Web of Science, PubMed, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Clinical Trials will be electronically searched to collect randomized controlled trials regarding the efficacy of masks for influenza in the community through Apr 2020. Two researchers independently screened and evaluated the obtained studies and extracted the outcome indexes. Revman 5.3 software will be used for the meta-analysis. The outbreak is continuing, and we need to be prepared for a long fight. If masks are effective, we need to promote their use as soon as possible. If masks are ineffective, strong evidence should be given. This is an urgent task and our team will finish it as soon as possible. Provide stronger evidence to solve the problem, should we wear masks or not right now."}, {"pmid": 32357457, "title": "Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Health Literacy Research Around the World: More Important Than Ever in a Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Sentell, Tetine", "Vamos, Sandra", "Okan, Orkan"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357457", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As we write our editorial for a health literacy special issue in the midst of the international COVID-19 crisis, we take this opportunity to highlight the importance of individual, community, and population health literacy. We are not only in a \"pandemic\" but also an \"infodemic\". Health literacy is more important than ever in the face of these global health threats, which have impacted outcomes across the levels of the socio-ecological model (SEM), including individual health behaviors, family relationships, organizational behavior, state policy-making, national mortality statistics, and the international economy in the span of weeks. Our special issue sought to pull together interdisciplinary threads guided by two principles. The first was defining health literacy as essential skills and situational resources needed for people to find, understand, evaluate, communicate, and use information and services in a variety of forms across various settings throughout their life course to promote health and wellbeing. The second was the idea that enhancing health literacy in populations and systems is critical to achieving health equity. In this time of public health need across traditional borders, the inter-sectoral and international perspectives of special issue articles are more urgent than ever. A greater understanding, appreciation, and application of health literacy can support policy action on multiple levels to address major public health challenges. Health literacy should be built deliberately as a population-level resource and community asset. We have summarized the set of articles in this special issue across the levels of the SEM, hoping their thoughtful considerations and interesting findings will help to support global health and wellness and inspire future research, policy, and practice in this global public health emergency and beyond."}, {"pmid": 32301752, "title": "Women and children first: the need for ringfencing during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Grunebaum, Amos", "Dudenhausen, Joachim", "McCullough, Laurence B", "Chervenak, Frank A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301752", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292914, "pmcid": "PMC7151370", "title": "COVID-19, Medicine, and Sports.", "journal": "Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Gilat, Ron", "Cole, Brian J"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292914", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has brought our lives to a sudden and complete lockdown. While the numbers of confirmed cases and deaths continue to rise, people around the world are taking brave actions to mitigate transmission and save lives. The role sports play in this pandemic is unprecedented, fascinating, and reveals the immense impact sports has on every aspect of our lives. We must all do our part to keep each other safe until this outbreak subsides and sports and humanity are back to being greater than ever."}, {"pmid": 32179660, "title": "Epidemiology of COVID-19 Among Children in China.", "journal": "Pediatrics", "authors": ["Dong, Yuanyuan", "Mo, Xi", "Hu, Yabin", "Qi, Xin", "Jiang, Fan", "Jiang, Zhongyi", "Tong, Shilu"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32179660", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify the epidemiological characteristics and transmission patterns of pediatric patients with the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China. Nationwide case series of 2135 pediatric patients with COVID-19 reported to the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from January 16, 2020, to February 8, 2020, were included. The epidemic curves were constructed by key dates of disease onset and case diagnosis. Onset-to-diagnosis curves were constructed by fitting a log-normal distribution to data on both onset and diagnosis dates. There were 728 (34.1%) laboratory-confirmed cases and 1407 (65.9%) suspected cases. The median age of all patients was 7 years (interquartile range: 2-13 years), and 1208 case patients (56.6%) were boys. More than 90% of all patients had asymptomatic, mild, or moderate cases. The median time from illness onset to diagnoses was 2 days (range: 0-42 days). There was a rapid increase of disease at the early stage of the epidemic, and then there was a gradual and steady decrease. The disease rapidly spread from Hubei province to surrounding provinces over time. More children were infected in Hubei province than any other province. Children of all ages appeared susceptible to COVID-19, and there was no significant sex difference. Although clinical manifestations of children's COVID-19 cases were generally less severe than those of adult patients, young children, particularly infants, were vulnerable to infection. The distribution of children's COVID-19 cases varied with time and space, and most of the cases were concentrated in Hubei province and surrounding areas. Furthermore, this study provides strong evidence of human-to-human transmission."}, {"pmid": 32209888, "title": "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for COVID-19 (Trial Version 6).", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209888", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294574, "pmcid": "PMC7151430", "title": "Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: The world should face the reality.", "journal": "Environ Int", "authors": ["Morawska, Lidia", "Cao, Junji"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294574", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hand washing and maintaining social distance are the main measures recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to avoid contracting COVID-19. Unfortunately, these measured do not prevent infection by inhalation of small droplets exhaled by an infected person that can travel distance of meters or tens of meters in the air and carry their viral content. Science explains the mechanisms of such transport and there is evidence that this is a significant route of infection in indoor environments. Despite this, no countries or authorities consider airborne spread of COVID-19 in their regulations to prevent infections transmission indoors. It is therefore extremely important, that the national authorities acknowledge the reality that the virus spreads through air, and recommend that adequate control measures be implemented to prevent further spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, in particularly removal of the virus-laden droplets from indoor air by ventilation."}, {"pmid": 32385628, "pmcid": "PMC7210099", "title": "Systematic review of the prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China: could nicotine be a therapeutic option?", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Farsalinos, Konstantinos", "Barbouni, Anastasia", "Niaura, Raymond"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32385628", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The effects of smoking on Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are currently unknown. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in China, considering the high-population smoking prevalence in China (26.6%). A systematic review of the literature (PubMed) was performed on April 1. Thirteen studies examining the clinical characteristics of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in China and presenting data on the smoking status were found. The pooled prevalence of current smoking from all studies was calculated by random-effect meta-analysis. To address the possibility that some smokers had quit shortly before hospitalization and were classified as former smokers on admission to the hospital, we performed a secondary analysis in which all former smokers were classified as current smokers. A total of 5960 patients were included in the studies identified. The current smoking prevalence ranged from 1.4% (95% CI 0.0-3.4%) to 12.6% (95% CI 10.6-14.6%). An unusually low prevalence of current smoking was observed from the pooled analysis (6.5%, 95% CI 4.9-8.2%) as compared to population smoking prevalence in China. The secondary analysis, classifying former smokers as current smokers, found a pooled estimate of 7.3% (95% CI 5.7-8.9%). In conclusion, an unexpectedly low prevalence of current smoking was observed among patients with COVID-19 in China, which was approximately 1/4th the population smoking prevalence. Although the generalized advice to quit smoking as a measure to reduce health risk remains valid, the findings, together with the well-established immunomodulatory effects of nicotine, suggest that pharmaceutical nicotine should be considered as a potential treatment option in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32437972, "pmcid": "PMC7207135", "title": "COVID-19: Beyond the virus. The use of Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Infections in the Respiratory Tract.", "journal": "Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther", "authors": ["Dias, Lucas D", "Blanco, Kate C", "Bagnato, Vanderlei S"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437972", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484612, "pmcid": "PMC7269012", "title": "Expression of Concern: Mehra MR et al. Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in Covid-19. N Engl J Med. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2007621.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484612", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459668, "pmcid": "PMC7273938", "title": "Perioperative Considerations for Tracheostomies in The Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Gosling, Andre F", "Bose, Somnath", "Gomez, Ernest", "Parikh, Mihir", "Cook, Charles", "Sarge, Todd", "Shaefi, Shahzad", "Leibowitz, Akiva"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459668", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The morbidity, mortality and blistering pace of transmission of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an unprecedented worldwide health crisis. COVID-19, the disease produced by SARS-CoV-2 infection, is remarkable for persistent, severe respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation that places considerable strain on critical care resources. Because recovery from COVID-19 associated respiratory failure can be prolonged, tracheostomy may facilitate patient management and optimize use of mechanical ventilators. Several important considerations apply to planning tracheostomies for COVID-19 infected patients. After performing a literature review of tracheostomies during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) outbreaks, we synthesized important learning points from these experiences and suggest an approach for perioperative teams involved in these procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic.Multidisciplinary teams should be involved in decisions regarding timing and appropriateness of the procedure. As the theoretical risk of disease transmission is increased during aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), stringent infectious precautions are warranted. Personal protective equipment (PPE) should be available and worn by all personnel present during tracheostomy. The number of people in the room should be limited to those absolute necessary. Using the most experienced available operators will minimize the total time that staff are exposed to an infectious aerosolized environment. An approach that secures the airway in the safest and quickest manner will minimize the time any part of the airway is open to the environment. Deep neuromuscular blockade (train of four ratio = 0) will facilitate surgical exposure and prevent aerosolization due to patient movement or coughing. For percutaneous tracheostomies, the bronchoscopist should be able to reintubate if needed. Closed-loop communication must occur at all times among members of the team. If possible after tracheostomy is performed, waiting until the patient is virus free before changing the cannula or downsizing may reduce the chances of healthcare worker infection.Tracheostomies in COVID-19 patients present themselves as extremely high-risk for all members of the procedural team. To mitigate risk, systematic meticulous planning of each procedural step is warranted along with strict adherence to local/institutional protocols."}, {"pmid": 32503590, "pmcid": "PMC7273812", "title": "The challenge of ventilator-associated pneumonia diagnosis in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Francois, Bruno", "Laterre, Pierre-Francois", "Luyt, Charles-Edouard", "Chastre, Jean"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503590", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395187, "pmcid": "PMC7213551", "title": "Glycaemic Control Among People with Type 1 Diabetes During Lockdown for the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "Diabetes Ther", "authors": ["Bonora, Benedetta Maria", "Boscari, Federico", "Avogaro, Angelo", "Bruttomesso, Daniela", "Fadini, Gian Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395187", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late February 2020, due to the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the Italian Government closed down all educational and sport activities. In March, it introduced further measures to stop the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), placing the country in a state of almost complete lockdown. We report the impact of these restrictions on glucose control among people with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Data were collected on 33 individuals with T1D who were monitoring their glucose levels using a flash glucose monitoring device and remotely connected to the diabetes clinic on a cloud platform. We retrieved information on average glucose, standard deviation and percentage time in hypoglycaemia (<\u200970\u00a0mg/dl), glucose range (70-180\u00a0mg/dl) and hyperglycaemia (>\u2009180\u00a0mg/dl). We compared glycaemic measures collected during lockdown to those collected before the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and to the periods immediately before lockdown. In 20 patients who had stopped working and were at home as a result of the lockdown, overall glycaemic control improved during the first 7\u00a0days of the lockdown as compared to the weeks before the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Average glucose declined from 177\u2009\u00b1\u200945\u00a0mg/dl (week before lockdown) to 160\u2009\u00b1\u200940\u00a0mg/dl (lockdown; p\u2009=\u20090.005) and the standard deviation improved significantly. Time in range increased from 54.4 to 65.2% (p\u2009=\u20090.010), and time in hyperglycaemia decreased from 42.3 to 31.6% (p\u2009=\u20090.016). The number of scans per day remained unchanged. In 13 patients who continued working, none of the measures of glycaemic control changed during lockdown. Despite the limited possibility to exercise and the incumbent psychologic stress, glycaemic control improved in patients with T1D who stopped working during the lockdown, suggesting that slowing down routine daily activities can have beneficial effects on T1D management, at least in the short term."}, {"pmid": 32271596, "title": "Co-infection of Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Influenza A: A Report from Iran.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Khodamoradi, Zohre", "Moghadami, Mohsen", "Lotfi, Mehrzad"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271596", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, a viral pneumonia known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) originated from China and spread very rapidly in the world. Since then, COVID-19 has become a global concern and health problem. We present four patients in this study, selected from among patients who presented with pneumonia symptoms and were suspicious for COVID-19. They were referred to the intended centers for COVID-19 diagnosis and management of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in southern Iran. Two nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal throat swab samples were collected from each patient and tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using real-time reverse-transcriptase- polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR). The samples were also tested for influenza viruses and the complete respiratory panel. In the present report, four patients were diagnosed in the starting days of COVID-19 disease in our center in southern Iran with co-infection of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus. This co-infection of COVID-19 and influenza A highlights the importance of considering SARS-CoV-2 PCR assay regardless of other positive findings for other pathogens in the primary test during the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32496206, "title": "Viewpoint: Epidemiological observation from a smartphone self-assessment web-application for suspected COVID-19 patients' triage: association of anosmia and outbreak extension in France.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Denis, Fabrice", "Galmiche, Simon", "Dinh, Aurelien", "Fontanet, Arnaud", "Scherpereel, Arnaud", "Benezit, Francois", "Lescure, Francois-Xavier"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496206", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We developed a self-assessment and participatory surveillance web application for coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was launched in France in March 2020. Our objective was to determine if self-reported symptoms could help monitor the dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in France. Users were asked questions about underlying conditions, sociodemographic status, zip code, and COVID-19 symptoms. Depending on the symptoms reported and the presence of coexisting disorders, users were told to either stay at home, contact a general practitioner (GP), or call an emergency phone number. Data regarding COVID-19-related hospitalizations were retrieved from the Ministry of Health. As of March 29, 2020, the application was opened 4,126,789 times; 3,799,535 electronic questionnaires were filled out; and 2,477,174 users had at least one symptom. In total, 34.8% (n=1,322,361) reported no symptoms. The remaining users were directed to self-monitoring (n=858,878, 22.6%), GP visit or teleconsultation (n=1,033,922, 27.2%), or an emergency phone call (n=584,374, 15.4%). Emergency warning signs were reported by 39.1% of participants with anosmia, a loss of the sense of smell (n=127,586) versus 22.7% of participants without anosmia (n=1,597,289). Anosmia and fever and/or cough were correlated with hospitalizations for COVID-19 (Spearman correlation coefficients=0.87 and 0.82, respectively; P<.001 for both). This study suggests that anosmia may be strongly associated with COVID-19 and its severity. Despite a lack of medical assessment and virological confirmation, self-checking application data could be a relevant tool to monitor outbreak trends. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04331171; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04331171."}, {"pmid": 32532531, "title": "Guillain-Barre Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Esteban Molina, A", "Mata Martinez, M", "Sanchez Chueca, P", "Carrillo Lopez, A", "Sancho Val, I", "Sanjuan-Villarreal, T A"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532531", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360857, "pmcid": "PMC7252061", "title": "Hidradenitis suppurativa: the importance of virtual outpatient care during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Shah, Monica", "Naik, Haley B", "Alhusayen, Raed"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360857", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303495, "title": "Clinical features of covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Vetter, Pauline", "Vu, Diem Lan", "L'Huillier, Arnaud G", "Schibler, Manuel", "Kaiser, Laurent", "Jacquerioz, Frederique"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303495", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497443, "title": "Risk-Informed Decision Making: More Critical Today Than Ever Before.", "journal": "Health Secur", "authors": ["Watson, Crystal", "Mullen, Lucia"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497443", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514623, "title": "COVID-19 versus seasonal influenza 2019-2020: USA.", "journal": "Wien Klin Wochenschr", "authors": ["Wormser, Gary P"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514623", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe mitigation efforts in the USA to reduce the incidence of COVID-19 infections have led to a\u00a0massive rise in unemployment, social disruption, and appear to be leading to a\u00a0severe economic depression. In contrast, no such interventions were regarded as necessary to manage seasonal influenza in 2019-2020. Another mitigation approach is proposed for COVID-19 that would allow society to function and yet should still be effective."}, {"pmid": 32399375, "pmcid": "PMC7212709", "title": "Closing the Gap in Global Neurosurgical Education via Online Conference: A Pre-Covid Survey.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Downes, Simon R", "Lykina, Tatiana"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399375", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction A reliable network for peer review and feedback can lead to an increase in knowledge and improving patient care. As opportunities to participate in online continuing medical education (CME) increase, there is a reduction in the worldwide knowledge gap often due to a lack of resources to attend conferences and advanced training in person. Methods A total of 64 participants completed a 10-item anonymous online questionnaire to assess how their knowledge and applied practical skills improved by participating in online conferences, and whether this education modality adequately addresses challenges for countries with limited access to conferences or training. Results While an overall positive response toward this mode of neurosurgical education was expected, interesting insights were gained from the short-answer section, demonstrating a direct influence on clinical practice through online conference participation. Conclusion While limited in size, the study results support the expectation of a positive attitude toward neurosurgical e-learning, which translates directly to improving patient care and lessening the worldwide gap in neurosurgical education."}, {"pmid": 32525706, "title": "The status surrounding chloroquine and other drugs as potential anti-infective agents for COVID-19.", "journal": "Expert Rev Respir Med", "authors": ["Ramotar, Dindial"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525706", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480211, "pmcid": "PMC7253998", "title": "The importance of COVID-19 screening and testing in the obstetric patient population.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Hoyler, Marguerite M", "Abramovitz, Sharon", "Aaronson, Jaime", "White, Robert S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480211", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480204, "pmcid": "PMC7253997", "title": "Practical workflow recommendations for emergency endotracheal intubation in critically ill patients with COVID-19 based on the experience of Wuhan Union Hospital.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Xia, Haifa", "Huang, Shiqian", "Xiao, Weimin", "Lin, Yun", "Hu, Xiaomin", "Nie, Bingqing", "Lin, Ken", "Lu, Dongshi", "Chen, Xueyin", "Song, Limin", "Wang, Li", "Zhang, Yuhong", "Yao, Shanglong", "Chen, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353150, "pmcid": "PMC7197573", "title": "Our Health is the Public's Health: Pain Management Leadership in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Pain Med", "authors": ["Gallagher, Rollin M"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353150", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292917, "pmcid": "PMC7151247", "title": "Exploring Personal Protection During High-Risk PCI in a COVID-19 Patient: Impella CP Mechanical Support During ULMCA Bifurcation Stenting.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Bettari, Luca", "Pero, Gaetano", "Maiandi, Cristian", "Messina, Antonio", "Saccocci, Matteo", "Cirillo, Marco", "Troise, Giovanni", "Conti, Elena", "Cuccia, Claudio", "Maffeo, Diego"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292917", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The correct management of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and acute coronary syndrome is still uncertain. We describe the percutaneous treatment of an unprotected left main coronary artery in a patient who is positive for coronavirus disease 2019 with unstable angina, dyspnea and fever. Particular attention will be dedicated to the measures adopted in the catheterization laboratory to protect the staff and to avoid further spread of the infection. (Level of Difficulty: Intermediate.)."}, {"pmid": 32458289, "pmcid": "PMC7250491", "title": "The risk of COVID-19 transmission by laparoscopic smoke may be lower than for laparotomy: a narrative review.", "journal": "Surg Endosc", "authors": ["Mintz, Yoav", "Arezzo, Alberto", "Boni, Luigi", "Baldari, Ludovica", "Cassinotti, Elisa", "Brodie, Ronit", "Uranues, Selman", "Zheng, MinHua", "Fingerhut, Abe"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458289", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Surgical smoke is a well-recognized hazard in the operating room. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, surgical societies quickly published guidelines recommending avoiding laparoscopy or to consider open surgery because of the fear of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through surgical smoke or aerosol. This narrative review of the literature aimed to determine whether there are any differences in the creation of surgical smoke/aerosol between laparoscopy and laparotomy and if laparoscopy may be safer than laparotomy. A literature search was performed using the Pubmed, Embase and Google scholar search engines, as well as manual search of the major journals with specific COVID-19 sections for ahead-of-print publications. Of 1098 identified articles, we critically appraised 50. Surgical smoke created by electrosurgical and ultrasonic devices has the same composition both in laparoscopy and laparotomy. SARS-CoV-2 has never been found in surgical smoke and there is currently no data to support its virulence if ever it could be transmitted through surgical smoke/aerosol. If laparoscopy is performed in a closed cavity enabling containment of surgical smoke/aerosol, and proper evacuation of smoke with simple measures is respected, and as long as laparoscopy is not contraindicated, we believe that this surgical approach may be safer for the operating team while the patient has the benefits of minimally invasive surgery. Evidence-based research in this field is needed for definitive determination of safety."}, {"pmid": 32259192, "pmcid": "PMC7139509", "title": "US Public Concerns About the COVID-19 Pandemic From Results of a Survey Given via Social Media.", "journal": "JAMA Intern Med", "authors": ["Nelson, Lorene M", "Simard, Julia F", "Oluyomi, Abiodun", "Nava, Vanessa", "Rosas, Lisa G", "Bondy, Melissa", "Linos, Eleni"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259192", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513503, "title": "COVID-19: The Waterloo of governments, healthcare systems, and large health organizations.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Douma, Michael", "Imprialos, Konstantinos P", "Patoulias, Dimitrios", "Katsimardou, Alexandra", "Stavropoulos, Konstantinos"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513503", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438839, "title": "Is there a role for blood purification therapies targeting cytokine storm syndrome in critically severe COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "Ren Fail", "authors": ["Chen, Gang", "Zhou, Yangzhong", "Ma, Jie", "Xia, Peng", "Qin, Yan", "Li, Xuemei"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438839", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has spread over many countries and regions since the end of 2019, becoming the most severe public health event at present. Most of the critical cases developed multiple organ dysfunction, including acute kidney injury (AKI). Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) may complicate the process of severe COVID-19 patients. This manuscript reviews the different aspects of blood purification in critically ill patients with AKI and increased inflammatory factors, and examines its potential role in severe COVID-19 treatment. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been practiced in many sepsis patients with AKI. Still, the timing and dosing need further robust evidence. In addition to the traditional CRRT, the high-throughput membrane with adsorption function and cytokine adsorption column are two representatives of recently emerging novel membrane technologies. Their potential in removing inflammatory factors and other toxins prospects for the treatment of severe COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32382898, "pmcid": "PMC7203719", "title": "[COVID-19, and the History of Social Science Disaster Research].", "journal": "NTM", "authors": ["Stehrenberger, Cecile Stephanie"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382898", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper is part of Forum COVID-19: Perspectives in the Humanities and Social Sciences.The article connects and juxtaposes current day (social scientific) discussions on the social effects of the COVID-crisis with the history of social science disaster research during the Cold War. It elaborates on statements regarding the role of social inequalities in disaster, the idea of the \"revealing\" nature of disaster and crisis, and the relationship between disaster science, public and politics."}, {"pmid": 32212540, "title": "Audio Interview: Practical Measures to Help Prevent Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rubin, Eric J", "Baden, Lindsey R", "Morrissey, Stephen"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212540", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434770, "pmcid": "PMC7242869", "title": "Predictive molecular pathology in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Malapelle, Umberto", "De Luca, Caterina", "Iaccarino, Antonino", "Pepe, Francesco", "Pisapia, Pasquale", "Russo, Maria", "Sgariglia, Roberta", "Nacchio, Mariantonia", "Vigliar, Elena", "Bellevicine, Claudio", "Schmitt, Fernando C", "Troncone, Giancarlo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434770", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the time of COVID-19, predictive molecular pathology laboratories must still timely select oncological patients for targeted treatments. However, the need to respect social distancing measures may delay results generated by laboratory-developed tests based on sequential steps a long hands-on time. Laboratory workflows should now be simplified. The organisation of the University of Naples Federico II predictive pathology laboratory was assessed before (March-April 2019) and during (March-April 2020) the Italian lockdown. The number of patients undergoing single or multiple biomarker testing was similar in 2019 (n=43) and in 2020 (n=45). Considering adequate samples for molecular testing, before the outbreak, next-generation sequencing was mostly used (35/42, 83.3%). Testing six genes had a reagent cost of \u20ac98/patient. Conversely, in 2020, almost all cases (38/41, 92.7%) were analysed by automated testing. This latter had for any single assay/gene a significant reagent cost (\u20ac95-\u20ac136) and a faster mean turnaround time (5.3 vs 7.9 working days). In the times of coronavirus, laboratory fully automated platforms simplify predictive molecular testing. Laboratory staff may be more safely and cost-effectively managed."}, {"pmid": 32478550, "title": "What lies ahead: Elevated concerns for the ongoing suicide pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Lennon, Jack C"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478550", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The genesis and global spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in significant health concerns amid societies that were ill-equipped for such a formidable opponent. The COVID-19 pandemic has illuminated systemic health disparities and weaknesses within our health care and political systems. With aggressive but necessary interventions to thwart the instantaneous reproduction number, we have simultaneously introduced risk factors for new and exacerbated mental health concerns. Suicide, an ongoing pandemic whose rates are higher than they have been in the past 50 years, is one of these concerns as we navigate COVID-19 deaths and fears surrounding its spread. This article aims to briefly describe in retrospect some of the historical pandemics and their downstream consequences as well as present what may lie ahead in terms of anxiety, depression, and suicidal behaviors. This applies not only to frontline health care workers but also the public at large, who may very well experience long-term stressor- and trauma-related consequences through ongoing exposure to a virus that is not only potentially fatal but may have taken the lives of loved ones. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32469627, "title": "Adaptation and evaluation of Turkish version of the fear of COVID-19 Scale.", "journal": "Death Stud", "authors": ["Haktanir, Abdulkadir", "Seki, Tolga", "Dilmac, Bulent"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469627", "countries": ["Turkey"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We investigated the psychometric properties of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale in Turkish among a diverse group with a focus on the prevalence of coronavirus related fear across gender, age intervals, SES, chronic illness situation, and educational level. Based on a confirmatory factor analysis, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale had appropriate psychometric properties for utilization, including excellent goodness-of-fit indices, a Cronbach's alpha value of .86, and discriminant validity, as shown by a significant negative correlation with resilience. Furthermore, group comparison analyses revealed that women reported significantly higher fear of coronavirus. Additionally, individuals from middle SES reported significantly higher fear of coronavirus while the fear of coronavirus did not differ based on participants' educational level, socioeconomic status, and age level. Implications for mental health providers are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32407227, "title": "Litigation and patient-carer, safety issues in the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Tingle, John"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407227", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses some recent reports on litigation issues and patient-health carer safety in the COVID-19 crisis."}, {"pmid": 32525558, "title": "New IgM seroconversion and positive RT-PCR test after exposure to the virus in recovered COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Bentivegna, E", "Sentimentale, A", "Luciani, M", "Speranza, M L", "Guerritore, L", "Martelletti, P"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525558", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To date, understanding whether acquired immunity and presence of anti SARS-Cov2 antibodies protects against reinfection is one the most important focus of the scientific community [1-2]. Several studies suggest that acquired immunity may protect upon further exposure to SARS-COV2 [3-6]. Contrary to this picture, we describe a case of a patient recovered from COVID-19 pneumonia with positive serology, followed up by 6 negative nasopharyngeal swab-PCR tests performed along 1 month, who later on, after exposure to the virus, presented another positive RT-PCR test and a second IgM seroconversion. This report opens up several possible interpretations. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32487789, "title": "Risk factors for mortality in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Bolivia: An analysis of the first 107 confirmed cases.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Escalera-Antezana, Juan Pablo", "Lizon-Ferrufino, Nicolas Freddy", "Maldonado-Alanoca, Americo", "Alarcon-De-la-Vega, Gricel", "Alvarado-Arnez, Lucia Elena", "Balderrama-Saavedra, Maria Alejandra", "Bonilla-Aldana, D Katterine", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487789", "countries": ["Germany", "Bolivia, Plurinational State of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The present study is aimed to assess the risk factors for mortality in the first 107 rRT-PCR confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Bolivia. For this observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study, the epidemiological data records were collected from the Hospitals and the Ministry of Health of Bolivia, obtaining the clinical and epidemiological data of the COVID-19 cases that were laboratory-diagnosed during March 2-29, 2020. Samples were tested by rRT-PCR to SARS-CoV-2 at the Laboratory of the National Center of Tropical Diseases (CENETROP), following the protocol Charite, Berlin, Germany. The odds ratio (OR) with respective 95% confidence interval (95%CI) for mortality as dependent variable was calculated. When we comparatively analyzed survivors and non-survivors in this first group of 107 cases in Bolivia, we found that at bivariate analyses, age (\u00b160 years old), hypertension, chronic heart failure, diabetes, and obesity, as well as the requirement of ICU, were significantly exposure variables associated with death. At the multivariate analysis (logistic regression), two variables remained significantly associated, age, \u00b160 years-old (OR=9.4, 95%CI 1.8-104.1) and hypertension (OR=3.3, 95%CI 1.3-6.3). As expected, age and comorbidities, particularly hypertension, were independent risk factors for mortality in Bolivia in the first 107 cases group. More further studies are required to better define risk factors and preventive measures related to COVID-19 in this and other Latin American countries."}, {"pmid": 32181874, "title": "Tabletop exercise to prepare institutions of higher education for an outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Emerg Manag", "authors": ["Wendelboe, Aaron M", "Miller, Amanda", "Drevets, Douglas", "Salinas, Linda", "Miller, E J", "Jackson, Dalton", "Chou, Ann", "Raines, Jill"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181874", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Complete Table Top Exercise Manual."}, {"pmid": 32447934, "title": "[Clinical and coagulation characteristics in 7 patients with critical COVID-2019 pneumonia and acro-ischemia].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Y", "Cao, W", "Xiao, M", "Li, Y J", "Yang, Y", "Zhao, J", "Zhou, X", "Jiang, W", "Zhao, Y Q", "Zhang, S Y", "Li, T S"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447934", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To investigate the clinical and coagulation characteristics in patients with critical Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and acro-ischemia. Methods: The retrospective study included 7 critical COVID-19 patients with acro-ischemia in an intensive care unit (ICU) in Wuhan, from Feb 4 to Feb 15, 2020. The clinical and laboratory data before and during the ICU stay were analyzed. Results: The median age of 7 patients was 59 years and 4 of them were men. Three patients were associated with underlying comorbidities. Fever, cough, dyspnea and diarrhea were common clinical symptoms. All patients had acro-ischemia presentations including finger/toe cyanosis, skin bulla and dry gangrene. D-dimer, fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation product (FDP) were significantly elevated in most patients. Prothrombin time was prolonged in 4 patients. D-dimer and FDP levels progressively elevated consistent with COVID-2019 exacerbation. Four patients were diagnosed with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) . Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) was administrated in 6 patients, which reduced D-dimer and FDP rather than improved clinical symptoms. Five patients died finally and the median time from acro-ischemia to death was 12 days. Conclusions: Coagulation parameters should be monitored closely in critical COVID-2019 patients. The timing and protocol of anticoagulation therapy are still under investigation based on more clinical data."}, {"pmid": 32240913, "pmcid": "PMC7102649", "title": "High-resolution computed tomography manifestations of COVID-19 infections in patients of different ages.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Chen, Zuhua", "Fan, Hongjie", "Cai, Jian", "Li, Yunjiang", "Wu, Baoliang", "Hou, Yanchun", "Xu, Shufeng", "Zhou, Fei", "Liu, Yongguang", "Xuan, Weiling", "Hu, Hongjie", "Sun, Jihong"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240913", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to compare chest HRCT lung signs identified in scans of differently aged patients with COVID-19 infections. Case data of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province in China were collected, and chest HRCT signs of infected patients in four age groups (<18 years, 18-44 years, 45-59 years, \u226560 years) were compared. Small patchy, ground-glass opacity (GGO), and consolidations were the main HRCT signs in 98 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infections. Patients aged 45-59 years and aged \u226560 years had more bilateral lung, lung lobe, and lung field involvement, and greater lesion numbers than patients <18 years. GGO accompanied with the interlobular septa thickening or a crazy-paving pattern, consolidation, and air bronchogram sign were more common in patients aged 45-59 years, and \u226560 years, than in those aged <18 years, and aged 18-44 years. Chest HRCT manifestations in patients with COVID-19 are related to patient's age, and HRCT signs may be milder in younger patients."}, {"pmid": 32353398, "pmcid": "PMC7184979", "title": "Risk factors for predicting mortality in elderly patients with COVID-19: A review of clinical data in China.", "journal": "Mech Ageing Dev", "authors": ["Leung, Char"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353398", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While elderly patients are at high risk of fatality, research concerning COVID-19 has largely been done on clarifying the clinical features. As such, the present work aims to identify risk factors for mortality in elderly patients with COVID-19. Given that single-centre studies are less likely informative as elderly remains a minority in the total Chinese population, the present study reviewed the clinical data of geriatric COVID-19 patients gathered from different sources in the public domain. Based on the data of 154 individuals from 26 provinces, age remained a key mortality risk factor among geriatric patients of different ages. While dyspnoea and chest pain/discomfort were more commonly seen in deceased patients as they represented severe pneumonia, fever was more prominent in surviving patients. This was likely due to the lower baseline body temperature observed in elderly which translated to a lower maximum temperature of fever. However, lowering the threshold temperature for fever is not recommended in surveillance. Instead, baseline body temperature measured on a regular basis should be used to define the threshold temperature for fever. Against mixed results, more research should be done on identifying comorbidities associated with mortality in geriatric patients."}, {"pmid": 32360743, "pmcid": "PMC7252166", "title": "Lower detection rates of SARS-COV2 antibodies in cancer patients versus health care workers after symptomatic COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Oncol", "authors": ["Solodky, M L", "Galvez, C", "Russias, B", "Detourbet, P", "N'Guyen-Bonin, V", "Herr, A-L", "Zrounba, P", "Blay, J-Y"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360743", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522597, "title": "Treatment of SARS-CoV-2 with high dose oral zinc salts: A report on four patients.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Finzi, Eric"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522597", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic with substantial mortality and no accepted therapy. We report here on four consecutive outpatients with clinical characteristics (CDC case definition) of and/or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 who were treated with high dose zinc salt oral lozenges. All four patients experienced significant improvement in objective and symptomatic disease measures after one day of high dose therapy suggesting that zinc therapy was playing a role in clinical recovery. A mechanism for zinc's effects is proposed based on previously published studies on SARS- CoV-1, and randomized controlled trials assessing zinc shortening of common cold duration. The limited sample size and study design preclude a definitive statement about the effectiveness of zinc as a treatment for COVID-19 but suggest the variables to be addressed to confirm these initial findings in future trials."}, {"pmid": 32245885, "title": "Learning from our immunological history: What can SARS-CoV teach us about SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Sci Immunol", "authors": ["Henrickson, Sarah E"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245885", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many strategies are being deployed to rapidly uncover targetable mechanisms of infection for SARS-CoV-2, and Hoffman et al exploit our understanding and immunological experience with SARS-CoV in our global race to understand, mitigate, and eventually prevent COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32310671, "title": "Addressing the Question of Dermatologic Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Lower Extremities: A Closer Look at the Available Data and its Implications.", "journal": "J Am Podiatr Med Assoc", "authors": ["Basatneh, Rami", "Vlahovic, Tracey C"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310671", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354499, "pmcid": "PMC7186131", "title": "COVID-19, Pandemic, and Social Distancing.", "journal": "J Foot Ankle Surg", "authors": ["Malay, D Scot"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354499", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414642, "pmcid": "PMC7205631", "title": "Emergency tracheostomy during COVID 19 pandemic in a head and neck surgical oncology unit.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["George, Ciju K", "Varghese, Bipin T", "Divya, G M", "Janardhan, Deepak", "Thomas, Shaji"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414642", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489171, "title": "Contamination of FFP3 masks with SARS-COV-2 during endotracheal intubation.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Bone, A", "Barton, E", "Hoskins, S", "Holborow, A", "Johnston, C", "Blyth, I", "Evans, J", "Healy, B"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489171", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368727, "pmcid": "PMC7196399", "title": "Testing for COVID-19 in patients with cancer.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Alhalabi, Omar", "Iyer, Swami", "Subbiah, Vivek"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368727", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353116, "pmcid": "PMC7197603", "title": "Modeling SARS-CoV-2 positivity using laboratory data: timing is everything.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Larson, Thor", "Culbreath, Karissa", "Chavez, Dennis", "Larson, Richard", "Crossey, Michael", "Grenache, David G"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353116", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32449789, "title": "Recurrence of positive SARS-CoV-2 in patients recovered from COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Hoang, Van Thuan", "Dao, Thi Loi", "Gautret, Philippe"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449789", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recurrence of positive SARS CoV-2 PCR has been described in patients discharged from hospital after 2 consecutive negative PCR. We discuss possible explanations including false negative, reactivation and re-infection and propose different strategy to solve this issue. Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 RNA shedding and recurrence of viral RNA shedding in asymptomatic patients remain unknown. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 by asymptomatic carriers had been documented. Considering the significance of this ongoing global public health emergency, it is necessary to carry out large studies to better understand the issue of potential SARS-CoV-2 recurrence in COVID-19 patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32461511, "title": "Predicting intervention effect for COVID-19 in Japan: state space modeling approach.", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Kobayashi, Genya", "Sugasawa, Shonosuke", "Tamae, Hiromasa", "Ozu, Takayuki"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461511", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Japan has observed a surge in the number of confirmed cases of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that has caused a serious impact on the society especially after the declaration of the state of emergency on April 7, 2020. This study analyzes the real time data from March 1 to April 22, 2020 by adopting a sophisticated statistical modeling based on the state space model combined with the well-known susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model. The model estimation and forecasting are conducted using the Bayesian methodology. The present study provides the parameter estimates of the unknown parameters that critically determine the epidemic process derived from the SIR model and prediction of the future transition of the infectious proportion including the size and timing of the epidemic peak with the prediction intervals that naturally accounts for the uncertainty. Even though the epidemic appears to be settling down during this intervention period, the prediction results under various scenarios using the data up to May 18 reveal that the temporary reduction in the infection rate would still result in a delayed the epidemic peak unless the long-term reproduction number is controlled."}, {"pmid": 32373990, "title": "Radiological role in the detection, diagnosis and monitoring for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Hu, L", "Wang, C"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373990", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has officially been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Radiological examinations, especially computed tomography (CT), play an important role in the fight against COVID-19. A comprehensive and timely review of radiological role in the fight against COVID-19 remains urgent and mandatory. Hence, the aim of this review is to summarize the radiological role in the fight against COVID-19. This review of current studies on COVID-19 provides insight into the radiological role in the detection, diagnosis, and monitoring for COVID-19. The typical radiological features of COVID-19 include bilateral, multifocal, and multilobar ground glass opacification with patchy consolidation, a peripheral/subpleural or posterior distribution (or both), mainly in the lower lobes. A combination of chest CT and repeat Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) testing may be beneficial for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in the setting of strongly clinical suspicion. Chest CT may improve the sensitivity for COVID-19 diagnosis, but patients' exposure to radiation should be kept as low as possible especially for children and pregnant women patients."}, {"pmid": 32402410, "pmcid": "PMC7190472", "title": "[How to approach management of ocular surface disease during COVID-19 pandemic?]", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Labetoulle, M", "Doan, S", "Rousseau, A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402410", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334770, "pmcid": "PMC7175842", "title": "The Need to Include Assisted Living in Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Dir Assoc", "authors": ["Zimmerman, Sheryl", "Sloane, Philip D", "Katz, Paul R", "Kunze, Margo", "O'Neil, Kevin", "Resnick, Barbara"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334770", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436846, "title": "Rare CT feature in a COVID-19 patient: cavitation.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Xu, Zhifeng", "Pan, Aizhen", "Zhou, Huiling"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436846", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353251, "pmcid": "PMC7185942", "title": "COVID-19 cytokine storm: the interplay between inflammation and coagulation.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Jose, Ricardo J", "Manuel, Ari"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353251", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473390, "pmcid": "PMC7253980", "title": "A review of South Indian medicinal plant has the ability to combat against deadly viruses along with COVID-19?", "journal": "Microb Pathog", "authors": ["Divya, Mani", "Vijayakumar, Sekar", "Chen, Jingdi", "Vaseeharan, Baskaralingam", "Duran-Lara, Esteban F"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473390", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV2 is a source of coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19), this is considered as a fatal disease to universal communal health apprehension. This rapid pathogenic virus plays an important role in finding the pathogenic virus, treatment and prevention of pandemics. Virus can present everywhere in Global village. As it is virus it can extend easily and cause severe illness to the society. Hence, an efficient international attentiveness of plan is necessary to the prediction and prevention. In this review, epidemic outbreak, clinical findings, prevention recommendations of COVID-19 and suggestive medicinal value of south Indian plant sources has been discussed. Though the varieties of improved approaches have been taken in scientific and medicinal concern, we have to pay attention on medicinal value of the plant based sources to prevent these types of endemic diseases. This is one of the suggestive and effective ways to control the spreading of viruses. In future its required to provide medicinal plant based clinical products (Masks, sanitizers, soap etc.) with better techniques by clinicians to contend the scarcity and expose towards the nature based medicine rather than chemical drugs. This could be a benchmark for the economical clinical trials of specific plant material to treat the viral diseases."}, {"pmid": 32502542, "pmcid": "PMC7266583", "title": "The immune system and COVID-19: Friend or foe?", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Yazdanpanah, Fereshteh", "Hamblin, Michael R", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502542", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a novel highly contagious infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, which has been became a global public health challenge. The pathogenesis of this virus is not yet clearly understood, but there is evidence of a hyper-inflammatory immune response in critically ill patients, which leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-organ failure. A literature review was performed to identify relevant articles on COVID-19 published up to April 30, 2020. The search resulted in 361 total articles. After reviewing the titles and abstracts for inclusion, some irrelevant papers were excluded. Additional relevant articles were identified from a review of citations referenced. SARS-CoV-2, directly and indirectly, affects the immune system and avoids being eliminated in early stages. On the other hand, the secretion of inflammatory cytokines creates critical conditions that lead to multi-organ failure. The immune system which is affected by the virus tries to respond via a cytokine storm and hyperinflammation, which itself leads to further multi-organ damage and even death."}, {"pmid": 32406855, "pmcid": "PMC7265653", "title": "A Web- and App-Based Connected Care Solution for COVID-19 In- and Outpatient Care: Qualitative Study and Application Development.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Schinkothe, Timo", "Gabri, Mariano Rolando", "Mitterer, Manfred", "Gouveia, Pedro", "Heinemann, Volker", "Harbeck, Nadia", "Subklewe, Marion"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406855", "countries": ["Italy", "Germany", "Switzerland", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "Argentina", "United States", "Portugal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From the perspective of health care professionals, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) brings many challenges as well as opportunities for digital health care. One challenge is that health care professionals are at high risk of infection themselves. Therefore, in-person visits need to be reduced to an absolute minimum. Connected care solutions, including telehealth, remote patient monitoring, and secure communications between clinicians and their patients, may rapidly become the first choice in such public health emergencies. The aim of the COVID-19 Caregiver Cockpit (C19CC) was to implement a free-of-charge, web- and app-based tool for patient assessment to assist health care professionals working in the COVID-19 environment. Physicians in Argentina, Germany, Iran, Italy, Portugal, Switzerland, and the United States explained their challenges with COVID-19 patient care through unstructured interviews. Based on the collected feedback, the first version of the C19CC was built. In the second round of interviews, the application was presented to physicians, and more feedback was obtained. Physicians identified a number of different scenarios where telemedicine or connected care solutions could rapidly improve patient care. These scenarios included outpatient care, discharge management, remote tracking of patients with chronic diseases, as well as incorporating infected physicians under quarantine into telehealth services. The C19CC is the result of an agile and iterative development process that complements the work of physicians. It aims to improve the care and safety of people who are infected by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32444458, "title": "Early Observation and Mitigation of Challenges in Diabetes Management of COVID-19 Patients in Critical Care Units.", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Hamdy, Osama", "Gabbay, Robert A"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444458", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315758, "pmcid": "PMC7165285", "title": "The immediate mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among people with or without quarantine managements.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Zhu, Shen", "Wu, Yue", "Zhu, Chun-Yan", "Hong, Wan-Chu", "Yu, Zhi-Xi", "Chen, Zhi-Ke", "Chen, Zhen-Lei", "Jiang, De-Guo", "Wang, Yong-Guang"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315758", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406348, "title": "The benefits of Meditation and Mindfulness practices during times of crisis such as Covid-19.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Behan, C"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406348", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Meditation and mindfulness are practices that can support healthcare professionals, patients, carers and the general public during times of crisis such as the current global pandemic caused by COVID-19. While there are many forms of meditation and mindfulness, of particular interest to healthcare professionals are those with an evidence base such as mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Systematic reviews of such practices have shown improvements in measures of anxiety, depression and pain scores. Structural and functional brain changes have been demonstrated in the brains of people with a long-term traditional meditation practice, and in people who have completed a MBSR programme. Mindfulness and meditation practices translate well to different populations across the lifespan and range of ability. Introducing a mindfulness and meditation practice during this pandemic has the potential to complement treatment and is a low-cost beneficial method of providing support with anxiety for all."}, {"pmid": 32517962, "title": "Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in Males with Covid-19.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Giustino, Gennaro", "Croft, Lori B", "Oates, Connor P", "Rahman, Karishma", "Lerakis, Stamatios", "Reddy, Vivek Y", "Goldman, Martin"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517962", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319436, "title": "[The choices in CoViD-19's time.]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Rinnenburger, Dagmar"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319436", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In these times of insufficient resources for all there can be no shared decision-making, that is, a shared plan of care. Without attempting to subtly induce the patient to believe that it is the best decision for him. In the case of CoViD-19, we must rely on professionals: it is not the time for the anticipated treatment plan, for self-determination. Of course, we can always say \"no\"; but we hope that as soon as possible we will be able to take back all the freedoms that has just been conquered: that of end-of-life choices, after a process of sharing with the carers. But in this difficult moment someone can also feel a relief - that of the old paternalistic choices - that someone else decides for us."}, {"pmid": 32317139, "pmcid": "PMC7161480", "title": "Consideration of povidone-iodine as a public health intervention for COVID-19: Utilization as \"Personal Protective Equipment\" for frontline providers exposed in high-risk head and neck and skull base oncology care.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Mady, Leila J", "Kubik, Mark W", "Baddour, Khalil", "Snyderman, Carl H", "Rowan, Nicholas R"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317139", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422309, "pmcid": "PMC7255117", "title": "Is it possible to achieve 100 percent hand hygiene compliance during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic?", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Wong, S-C", "AuYeung, C H-Y", "Lam, G K-M", "Leung, E Y-L", "Chan, V W-M", "Yuen, K-Y", "Cheng, V C-C"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422309", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382072, "title": "Structural basis for the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 main protease by antineoplastic drug carmofur.", "journal": "Nat Struct Mol Biol", "authors": ["Jin, Zhenming", "Zhao, Yao", "Sun, Yuan", "Zhang, Bing", "Wang, Haofeng", "Wu, Yan", "Zhu, Yan", "Zhu, Chen", "Hu, Tianyu", "Du, Xiaoyu", "Duan, Yinkai", "Yu, Jing", "Yang, Xiaobao", "Yang, Xiuna", "Yang, Kailin", "Liu, Xiang", "Guddat, Luke W", "Xiao, Gengfu", "Zhang, Leike", "Yang, Haitao", "Rao, Zihe"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382072", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The antineoplastic drug carmofur is shown to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). Here, the X-ray crystal structure of Mpro in complex with carmofur reveals that the carbonyl reactive group of carmofur is covalently bound to catalytic Cys145, whereas its fatty acid tail occupies the hydrophobic S2 subsite. Carmofur inhibits viral replication in cells (EC50\u2009=\u200924.30\u2009\u03bcM) and is a promising lead compound to develop new antiviral treatment for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32414508, "pmcid": "PMC7180354", "title": "[What can we learn from the COVID-19 pandemic in general and about ourselves as dermatologists?]", "journal": "Ann Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Kluger, N"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414508", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439012, "pmcid": "PMC7146720", "title": "COVID-19: A Lesson in Humility and an Opportunity for Sagacity and Hope.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Fuster, Valentin", "Varieur Turco, Justine"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439012", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235945, "title": "Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Wolfel, Roman", "Corman, Victor M", "Guggemos, Wolfgang", "Seilmaier, Michael", "Zange, Sabine", "Muller, Marcel A", "Niemeyer, Daniela", "Jones, Terry C", "Vollmar, Patrick", "Rothe, Camilla", "Hoelscher, Michael", "Bleicker, Tobias", "Brunink, Sebastian", "Schneider, Julia", "Ehmann, Rosina", "Zwirglmaier, Katrin", "Drosten, Christian", "Wendtner, Clemens"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235945", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease\u00a02019 (COVID-19) is an acute infection of the respiratory tract that emerged in late 20191,2. Initial outbreaks in China involved 13.8% of cases with severe courses, and 6.1% of cases with critical courses3. This severe presentation may result from the virus using a virus receptor that is expressed predominantly in the lung2,4; the same receptor tropism is thought to have determined the pathogenicity-but also aided in the control-of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 20035. However, there are reports of cases of COVID-19 in which the patient shows mild upper respiratory tract symptoms, which suggests the potential for pre- or oligosymptomatic transmission6-8. There is an urgent need for information on virus replication, immunity and infectivity in specific sites of the body. Here we report a detailed virological analysis of nine cases of COVID-19 that provides proof of active virus replication in tissues of the upper respiratory tract. Pharyngeal virus shedding was very high during the first week of symptoms, with a peak at 7.11\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0108\u00a0RNA copies per throat swab on day\u00a04. Infectious virus was readily isolated from samples derived from the throat or lung, but not from stool samples-in spite of high concentrations of virus RNA. Blood and urine samples never yielded virus. Active replication in the throat was confirmed by the presence of viral replicative RNA intermediates in the throat samples. We consistently detected sequence-distinct virus populations in throat and lung samples from one patient, proving independent replication. The shedding of viral RNA from sputum outlasted the end of symptoms. Seroconversion occurred after 7\u00a0days in 50% of patients (and by day\u00a014 in all patients), but was not followed by a rapid decline in viral load. COVID-19 can present as a mild illness of the upper respiratory tract. The confirmation of active virus replication in the upper respiratory tract has implications for the containment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32518438, "pmcid": "PMC7270875", "title": "This really is nothing like flu.", "journal": "New Sci", "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518438", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Those downplaying the coronavirus ignore our lack of immunity and vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32503729, "pmcid": "PMC7167293", "title": "COVID-19 and transplant research from China: An ethical dilemma.", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Rogers, Wendy A", "Lavee, Jacob"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503729", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528122, "title": "Management of patients with acute leukemia during the COVID-19 outbreak: practical guidelines from the acute leukemia working party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation.", "journal": "Bone Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Brissot, Eolia", "Labopin, Myriam", "Baron, Frederic", "Bazarbachi, Ali", "Bug, Gesine", "Ciceri, Fabio", "Esteve, Jordi", "Giebel, Sebastian", "Gilleece, Maria H", "Gorin, Norbert-Claude", "Lanza, Francesco", "Peric, Zinaida", "Ruggeri, Annalisa", "Sanz, Jaime", "Savani, Bipin N", "Schmid, Christoph", "Shouval, Roni", "Spyridonidis, Alexandros", "Versluis, Jurjen", "Nagler, Arnon", "Mohty, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528122", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445579, "title": "Prognostic value of C-reactive protein in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Luo, Xiaomin", "Zhou, Wei", "Yan, Xiaojie", "Guo, Tangxi", "Wang, Benchao", "Xia, Hongxia", "Ye, Lu", "Xiong, Jun", "Jiang, Zongping", "Liu, Yu", "Zhang, Bicheng", "Yang, Weize"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445579", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Elevated serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level was observed in most patients with COVID-19. Data of COVID-19 patients with clinical outcome in a designated hospital in Wuhan, China, were retrospectively collected and analyzed from Jan 30 to Feb 20, 2020. The prognostic value of admission CRP was evaluated in patients with COVID-19. Out of 298 patients enrolled, 84 died and 214 recovered. Most non-survivors tended to be males, old aged, or with chronic diseases. Compared to survivors, non-survivors showed significantly elevated white blood cell and neutrophil count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII, defined by platelet count multiply by NLR), CRP, procalcitonin, and D-dimer, and decreased red blood cell, lymphocyte, and platelet count. Age, neutrophil count, platelet count, and CRP were identified as independent predictors of adverse outcome. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of CRP (0.896) was significantly higher than that of age (0.833), neutrophil count (0.820), and platelet count (0.678) in outcome prediction (all p<0.05). With a cut-off value of 41.4, CRP exhibited sensitivity 90.5%, specificity 77.6%, positive predictive value 61.3%, and negative predictive value 95.4%. Subgroup analysis revealed that CRP remained robust accuracy in adverse outcome prediction in patients with different disease severity (AUC 0.832, z=10.23, p<0.001; AUC 0.989, z=44.04, p<0.001). CRP was also an independent discriminator of severe/critical illness on admission (AUC 0.783, z=10.69, p<0.001). In patients with COVID-19, admission CRP correlated with disease severity and tended to be a good predictor of adverse outcome."}, {"pmid": 32355330, "pmcid": "PMC7192055", "title": "Inactivated vaccine for SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Risson, Emma"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355330", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32461213, "title": "Changing admission patterns in paediatric emergency departments during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["Scaramuzza, Andrea", "Tagliaferri, Francesco", "Bonetti, Lorenza", "Soliani, Martina", "Morotti, Francesco", "Bellone, Simonetta", "Cavalli, Claudio", "Rabbone, Ivana"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461213", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433634, "title": "Coronavirus vaccine trials have delivered their first results - but their promise is still unclear.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Callaway, Ewen"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433634", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524373, "title": "What can we learn from neonates with COVID-19?", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Xiao, Tian-Tian", "Yan, Kai", "Wang, Lai-Shuan", "Zhou, Wen-Hao"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524373", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526530, "title": "COVID-19 sampling from the middle ear and mastoid: A case report.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Wanna, George B", "Schwam, Zachary G", "Kaul, Vivian F", "Cosetti, Maura K", "Perez, Enrique", "Filip, Peter", "Javaid, Waleed", "Kandel, Avi", "Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto", "Govindaraj, Satish", "Genden, Eric M"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526530", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330112, "title": "Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Household Contacts of a Healthcare Provider, Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Luo, Yi", "Trevathan, Edwin", "Qian, Zhengmin", "Li, Yirong", "Li, Jin", "Xiao, Wei", "Tu, Ning", "Zeng, Zhikun", "Mo, Pingzheng", "Xiong, Yong", "Ye, Guangming"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330112", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We found that all 5 asymptomatic household contacts of a Wuhan, China, physician with coronavirus disease had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 detected by PCR. The index patient and 2 contacts also had abnormal chest computed tomography scans. Asymptomatic infected household contacts of healthcare workers with coronavirus disease might be underrecognized."}, {"pmid": 32428113, "pmcid": "PMC7213670", "title": "Susceptibility of the Elderly to SARS-CoV-2 Infection: ACE-2 Overexpression, Shedding, and Antibody-dependent Enhancement (ADE).", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Peron, Jean Pierre Schatzmann", "Nakaya, Helder"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428113", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is currently facing a serious SARS-CoV-2 infection pandemic. </mac_aq>This virus is a new isolate of coronavirus, and the current infection crisis has surpassed the SARS and MERS epidemics</mac_aq> that occurred in 2002 and 2013, respectively. SARS-CoV-2 has currently infected more than 142,000 people, causing </mac_aq>5,000 deaths and spreading across more than 130 </mac_aq>countries worldwide. The spreading capacity of the virus clearly demonstrates the potential threat </mac_aq>of respiratory viruses to human health, thereby reiterating to the governments around the world that preventive </mac_aq>health policies and scientific research are pivotal to overcoming the crisis. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causes flu-like symptoms in most cases. However, approximately 15% of the patients need hospitalization, and 5% require assisted ventilation, depending on the cohorts studied. What is intriguing, however, is the higher susceptibility of the elderly, especially individuals who are older than 60 years of age, and have comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease. In fact, the death rate in this group may be up to 10-12%. Interestingly, children are somehow less susceptible and are not considered as a risk group. Therefore, in this review, we discuss some possible molecular and cellular mechanisms by virtue of which the elderly subjects may be more susceptible to severe COVID-19. Toward this, we raise two main </mac_aq>points, i) increased ACE-2 expression in pulmonary and heart tissues in users of chronic angiotensin 1 </mac_aq>receptor (AT1R) blockers; and ii) antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) after previous exposure to other circulating coronaviruses. We believe that these points are pivotal for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19, and must be carefully addressed by physicians and scientists in the field."}, {"pmid": 32527928, "title": "Type I and III interferons disrupt lung epithelial repair during recovery from viral infection.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Major, Jack", "Crotta, Stefania", "Llorian, Miriam", "McCabe, Teresa M", "Gad, Hans Henrik", "Priestnall, Simon L", "Hartmann, Rune", "Wack, Andreas"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527928", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Excessive cytokine signaling frequently exacerbates lung tissue damage during respiratory viral infection. Type I (IFN-\u03b1/\u03b2) and III (IFN-\u03bb) interferons are host-produced antiviral cytokines. Prolonged IFN-\u03b1/\u03b2 responses can lead to harmful proinflammatory effects, whereas IFN-\u03bb mainly signals in epithelia, inducing localized antiviral immunity. Here we show that IFN signaling interferes with lung repair during influenza recovery, with IFN-\u03bb driving these effects most potently. IFN-induced p53 directly reduces epithelial proliferation and differentiation, increasing disease severity, and susceptibility to bacterial superinfections. Thus, excessive or prolonged IFN-production aggravates viral infection by impairing lung epithelial regeneration. Therefore, timing and duration are critical parameters of endogenous IFN action and should be considered carefully for IFN therapeutic strategies against viral infections like influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32499314, "title": "Involvement of interleukin 6 in SARS-CoV-2 infection: siltuximab as a therapeutic option against COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Hosp Pharm", "authors": ["Palanques-Pastor, Tomas", "Lopez-Briz, Eduardo", "Poveda Andres, Jose Luis"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499314", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of the study was to explore the involvement of interleukin 6 in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to position the drug siltuximab in the management of severe forms of COVID-19. A bibliographic search was performed in Pubmed on the immune response to the disease, and in ClinicalTrials.gov on clinical trials with interleukin 6 blockers. Interleukin 6 is involved in the cytokine cascade, which originates as a consequence of an excessive immune response secondary to viral infection, aggravating lung affectation. Blockers of this cytokine (tocilizumab, sarilumab and siltuximab) are being studied as a strategy for treating the disease. Siltuximab is a monoclonal antibody indicated in Castleman's disease that could be administered in a single dose of 11\u2009mg/kg in severe forms of COVID-19 that have increased interleukin 6."}, {"pmid": 32505186, "title": "PEEP levels in COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Tsolaki, Vasiliki", "Siempos, Ilias", "Magira, Eleni", "Kokkoris, Stelios", "Zakynthinos, George E", "Zakynthinos, Spyros"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505186", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434254, "title": "Challenges at the Time of COVID-19: Opportunities and Innovations in Antivirals from Nature.", "journal": "Planta Med", "authors": ["Hensel, Andreas", "Bauer, Rudolf", "Heinrich, Michael", "Spiegler, Verena", "Kayser, Oliver", "Hempel, Georg", "Kraft, Karin"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434254", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As viral infections are an increasing threat to human societies, the need for new therapeutic strategies is becoming even more obvious. As no vaccine is available for COVID-19, the development of directly acting antiviral agents and preventive strategies have to be considered. Nature provides a huge reservoir of anti-infectious compounds, from which we can deduce innovative ideas, therapies, and products. Anti-adhesive natural products interact with the receptor-mediated recognition and early interaction of viruses with the host cells, leading to a reduced internalisation of the virus and reduced infections (e.g., procyanidin-B-2-di-O-gallate against influenza and herpes virus). Lignans like podophyllotoxin and bicyclol show strong antiviral activities against different viruses, and essential oils can directly interact with viral membranes and reduce the host's inflammatory responses (e.g., 1,8-cineol). Echinacea extracts stimulate the immune system, and bioavailable alkamides are key players by interacting with immunomodulating cannabinoid receptors. COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 infections have, in part, successfully been treated in China by preparations from traditional Chinese medicine and, while it is too early to draw conclusions, some promising data are available. There is huge potential, but intensified research is needed to develop evidence-based medicines with a clearly defined chemical profile. Intensified research and development, and therefore funding, are needed for exploiting nature's reservoir against viral infections. Combined action for basic research, chemistry, pharmacognosy, virology, and clinical studies, but also supply chain, sustainable sourcing, and economic aspects have to be considered. This review calls for intensified innovative science on natural products for the patients and for a healthier world!"}, {"pmid": 32462179, "title": "Impact of anticoagulation prior to COVID-19 infection: a propensity score-matched cohort study.", "journal": "Blood", "authors": ["Tremblay, Douglas", "van Gerwen, Maaike", "Alsen, Mathilda", "Thibaud, Santiago", "Kessler, Alaina Justine", "Venugopal, Sangeetha", "Makki, Iman", "Qin, Qian", "Dharmapuri, Sirish", "Jun, Tomi", "Bhalla, Sheena", "Berwick, Shana", "Feld, Jonathan", "Mascarenhas, John", "Troy, Kevin", "Cromwell, Caroline", "Dunn, Andrew", "Oh, William K", "Naymagon, Leonard"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462179", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302447, "title": "Mental health nurses locked out while Australia locks down.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["Lakeman, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302447", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363338, "pmcid": "PMC7195358", "title": "Hemodialysis and COVID-19: An Achilles' Heel in the Pandemic Health Care Response in the United States.", "journal": "Kidney Med", "authors": ["Weiner, Daniel E", "Watnick, Suzanne G"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363338", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32139462, "pmcid": "PMC7098480", "title": "Epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Shaanxi, China by 8 February 2020.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Yao, Yang", "Tian, Yao", "Zhou, Jing", "Ma, Xuan", "Yang, Min", "Wang, ShengYu"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32139462", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514636, "title": "Intensivist-led care in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Anesth", "authors": ["Hoyler, Marguerite M", "Lui, Briana S", "White, Robert S"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514636", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359203, "pmcid": "PMC7267507", "title": "A Rapid Systematic Review of Clinical Trials Utilizing Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as a Treatment for COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Chowdhury, Md Sadakat", "Rathod, Jay", "Gernsheimer, Joel"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359203", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has presented clinicians with a difficult therapeutic dilemma. With supportive care as the current mainstay of treatment, the fatality rate of COVID-19 is 6.9%. There are currently several trials assessing the efficacy of different antivirals as treatment. Of these, chloroquine (CQ) and its derivative hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have garnered the most attention. In this study, the literature currently available on CQ and HCQ as treatment of COVID-19 was surveyed using EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, MedRxiv, and one clinical trial registry. Upon gathering published and preprint trials, risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0. There are currently seven completed clinical trials and 29 registered clinical trials focusing on HCQ or CQ as a therapeutic avenue for COVID-19. Of these, five of seven trials have shown favorable outcomes for patients using CQ or HCQ and two of seven have shown no change compared to control. However, all seven trials carried varying degrees of bias and poor study design. There are currently not enough data available to support the routine use of HCQ and CQ as therapies for COVID-19. Pending further results from more extensive studies with more stringent study parameters, clinicians should defer from routine use of HCQ and CQ. There are several clinical trials currently under way with results expected soon."}, {"pmid": 32336956, "pmcid": "PMC7169369", "title": "Thrombosis management in times of COVID-19 epidemy; a Dutch perspective.", "journal": "Thromb J", "authors": ["Ten Cate, Hugo"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336956", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425639, "pmcid": "PMC7233210", "title": "Acute pulmonary embolism mimicking COVID - 19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Overhoff, Daniel", "Walter, Thomas", "Gruettner, Joachim", "Janssen, Sonja", "Riffel, Julia", "Hoffmann, Ursula", "Schoenberg, Stefan O", "Riffel, Philipp"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425639", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303482, "pmcid": "PMC7194673", "title": "Re-emergence of SARS-CoV2 in a discharged COVID-19 case.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Zhou, Mi", "Li, Qingfeng", "Cao, Lin", "Liu, Yingfen", "Zha, Yi", "Xie, He", "Zeng, Mingquan", "Shi, Xuemei", "Gao, Yueqing", "Xie, Liqiu", "Luo, Mei", "Zeng, Yilan"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303482", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32351631, "pmcid": "PMC7189357", "title": "The Need for Diabetes Care Customization in the ICU at the Time of SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak.", "journal": "Diabetes Ther", "authors": ["Gentile, Sandro", "Strollo, Felice", "Ceriello, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351631", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478290, "pmcid": "PMC7251272", "title": "Epidemiologic character of COVID-19 in Kazakhstan: A preliminary report.", "journal": "North Clin Istanb", "authors": ["Maukayeva, Saule", "Karimova, Saya"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478290", "countries": ["China", "Kazakhstan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), named the etiological agent of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has recently emerged in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. Kazakhstan's border proximity to China has led to preventive measures in the country since January. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiologic characters of the first recorded cases in Kazakhstan. Here, we reviewed the preparedness of the infection control and prevention procedures in Kazakhstan and evaluated the epidemiological characters of confirmed cases in Kazakhstan. The data for COVID-19 cases recorded from March 13 to April 6, 2020, were obtained from the Sanitary Epidemiological Service. Age, gender and their living place were recorded. The severity of infection, geographical distribution, gender and age group of cases were analyzed. Four phases of preventive measures used in respiratory infections have been implemented in Kazakhstan since January 6, 2020. The first case was recorded on March 13. During the period of March 13 and April 06, 629 cases with COVID-19 were recorded in Kazakhstan. Of these, 45 patients recovered, six had resulted in death; 535 (85%) of cases were mild and/or asymptomatic, 72 (11.5%) - moderate, 22 (3.5%) - severe. Of these, 7.5% of the cases were registered as children and course was mild. The cases are increasing in Kazakhstan as seen in other countries. Currently, the strict implication of respiratory infection control measurement in public and health care services are still very important."}, {"pmid": 32231330, "pmcid": "PMC7104711", "title": "Reply to: 'Interaction between RAAS inhibitors and ACE2 in the context of COVID-19'.", "journal": "Nat Rev Cardiol", "authors": ["Zheng, Ying-Ying", "Ma, Yi-Tong", "Zhang, Jin-Ying", "Xie, Xiang"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231330", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503823, "title": "A New Method for Testing Filtration Efficiency of Mask Materials Under Sneeze-like Pressure.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Xiao, L I", "Sakagami, Hiroshi", "Miwa, Nobuhiko"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503823", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sneezes produce many pathogen-containing micro-droplets with high velocities of 4.5-50.0 m/s. Face masks are believed to protect people from infection by blocking those droplets. However, current filtration efficiency tests can't evaluate masks under sneeze-like pressure. The goal of this study was to establish a method to evaluate the filtration efficiency of mask materials under extreme conditions. Efficiency of surgical masks, gauze masks, gauze, cotton, silk, linen and tissue paper on blocking micro-droplet sized starch particles (average 8.2 \u03bcm) and latex microspheres (0.75 \u03bcm) with a velocity of 44.4 m/s created by centrifugation was qualitatively analyzed by using imaging-based analysis. The 4 layers of silk could block 93.8% of microspheres and 88.9% of starch particles, followed by the gauze mask (78.5% of microspheres and 90.4% of starch particles) and the 2 layers of cotton (74.6% of microspheres and 87.5-89.0% of particles). Other materials also blocked 53.2-66.5% of microspheres and 76.4%-87.9% of particles except the 8 layers of gauze which only blocked 36.7% of particles. The filtration efficiency was improved by the increased layers of materials. Centrifugation-based filtration efficiency test not only compensates shortcomings of current tests for masks, but also offers a simple way to explore new mask materials during pandemics. Common mask materials can potentially provide protection against respiratory droplet transmission."}, {"pmid": 32475144, "title": "COVID-19-A Novel Zoonotic Disease: A Review of the Disease, the Virus, and Public Health Measures.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Public Health", "authors": ["Mackenzie, John S", "Smith, David W"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475144", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cluster of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology emerged in Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019. The cluster was largely associated with a seafood and animal market. A novel Betacoronavirus was quickly identified as the causative agent, and it is shown to be related genetically to SARS-CoV and other bat-borne SARS-related Betacoronaviruses. The number of cases increased rapidly and spread to other provinces in China, as well as to another 4 countries. To help control the spread of the virus, a \"cordon sanitaire\" was instituted for Wuhan on January 23, 2020, and subsequently extended to other cities in Hubei Province, and the outbreak declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the Director General of the World Health Organization on January 30, 2020. The virus was named SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee for the Taxonomy of Viruses, and the disease it causes was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization. This article described the evolution of the outbreak, and the known properties of the novel virus, SARS-CoV-2 and the clinical disease it causes, and the major public health measures being used to help control it's spread. These measures include social distancing, intensive surveillance and quarantining of cases, contact tracing and isolation, cancellation of mass gatherings, and community containment. The virus is the third zoonotic coronavirus, after SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but appears to be the only one with pandemic potential. However, a number of important properties of the virus are still not well understood, and there is an urgent need to learn more about its transmission dynamics, its spectrum of clinical severity, its wildlife origin, and its genetic stability. In addition, more research is needed on possible interventions, particularly therapeutic and vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32456735, "pmcid": "PMC7272696", "title": "Mental health impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Spanish healthcare workers.", "journal": "Psychol Med", "authors": ["Garcia-Fernandez, Lorena", "Romero-Ferreiro, Veronica", "Lopez-Roldan, Pedro David", "Padilla, Sergio", "Calero-Sierra, Irene", "Monzo-Garcia, Maria", "Perez-Martin, Jorge", "Rodriguez-Jimenez, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456735", "countries": ["Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522845, "title": "Managing hand and reconstructive microsurgery service during COVID-19 pandemic: Singapore experience.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Omar, Usama Farghaly", "Pei Yein, Tong", "Rajaratnam, Vaikunthan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522845", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Managing healthcare service during pandemics and outbreaks is a challenging process. The aim is to keep patient safety as the priority, besides, continuing to provide essential healthcare services. Situational audit was performed for the services rendered before and during COVID-19 pandemic and the elevation of the disease alert status, and a retrospective analysis of the attendance and procedures performed in the service. We present a methodology for performing a situational audit and generating service modification for hand and reconstructive microsurgery unit in a pandemic. There was no significant difference between the number of patients seen at outpatient clinics. However, there was a reduction in the numbers of total surgeries performed, with a 40% drop in the number of elective surgeries performed. There was also a reduction of cases seen in the emergency department hand clinic. COVID-19 pandemic is currently affecting not only the health service but also, other vital services all over the world. The pandemic puts significant challenges to acute surgical services in a hospital system involved in the management of the pandemic. Surgeons need to take proactive and a systematic approach in managing the available resources while maintaining essential surgical services. This paper provides the tools and methodology for doctors to plan their services in a pandemic situation. It is possible to maintain essential surgical services in a pandemic situation through rapid situational audits and generating localised strategies while considering the constraints imposed during the pandemics while maintaining patient and staff safety."}, {"pmid": 32387796, "pmcid": "PMC7190468", "title": "Implementation of quarantine in China during the outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Kang, Chuanyuan", "Meng, Fu", "Feng, Qiang", "Yuan, Jing", "Liu, Liang", "Xu, Li", "Yang, Shuran", "Wei, Yujun", "Zhao, Xudong", "Yang, Jianzhong"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387796", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240581, "title": "Covid-19 and Health Care's Digital Revolution.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Keesara, Sirina", "Jonas, Andrea", "Schulman, Kevin"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240581", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501424, "pmcid": "PMC7255267", "title": "A modified deep convolutional neural network for detecting COVID-19 and pneumonia from chest X-ray images based on the concatenation of Xception and ResNet50V2.", "journal": "Inform Med Unlocked", "authors": ["Rahimzadeh, Mohammad", "Attar, Abolfazl"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501424", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we have trained several deep convolutional networks with introduced training techniques for classifying X-ray images into three classes: normal, pneumonia, and COVID-19, based on two open-source datasets. Our data contains 180 X-ray images that belong to persons infected with COVID-19, and we attempted to apply methods to achieve the best possible results. In this research, we introduce some training techniques that help the network learn better when we have an unbalanced dataset (fewer cases of COVID-19 along with more cases from other classes). We also propose a neural network that is a concatenation of the Xception and ResNet50V2 networks. This network achieved the best accuracy by utilizing multiple features extracted by two robust networks. For evaluating our network, we have tested it on 11302 images to report the actual accuracy achievable in real circumstances. The average accuracy of the proposed network for detecting COVID-19 cases is 99.50%, and the overall average accuracy for all classes is 91.4%."}, {"pmid": 32372051, "pmcid": "PMC7200206", "title": "Bioinformatic prediction of potential T cell epitopes for SARS-Cov-2.", "journal": "J Hum Genet", "authors": ["Kiyotani, Kazuma", "Toyoshima, Yujiro", "Nemoto, Kensaku", "Nakamura, Yusuke"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372051", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To control and prevent the current COVID-19 pandemic, the development of novel vaccines is an emergent issue. In addition, we need to develop tools that can measure/monitor T-cell and B-cell responses to know how our immune system is responding to this deleterious virus. However, little information is currently available about the immune target epitopes of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) to induce host immune responses. Through a comprehensive bioinformatic screening of potential epitopes derived from the SARS-CoV-2 sequences for HLAs commonly present in the Japanese population, we identified 2013 and 1399 possible peptide epitopes that are likely to have the high affinity (<0.5%- and 2%-rank, respectively) to HLA class I and II molecules, respectively, that may induce CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses. These epitopes distributed across the structural (spike, envelope, membrane, and nucleocapsid proteins) and the nonstructural proteins (proteins corresponding to six open reading frames); however, we found several regions where high-affinity epitopes were significantly enriched. By comparing the sequences of these predicted T cell epitopes to the other coronaviruses, we identified 781 HLA-class I and 418 HLA-class II epitopes that have high homologies to SARS-CoV. To further select commonly-available epitopes that would be applicable to larger populations, we calculated population coverages based on the allele frequencies of HLA molecules, and found 2 HLA-class I epitopes covering 83.8% of the Japanese population. The findings in the current study provide us valuable information to design widely-available vaccine epitopes against SARS-CoV-2 and also provide the useful information for monitoring T-cell responses."}, {"pmid": 32372832, "pmcid": "PMC7195334", "title": "Monitor sewage to track spread of the coronavirus.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Barras, Colin"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372832", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530148, "title": "[Preliminary report on the Covid-19 outbreak in Valle d'Aosta dialysis centers].", "journal": "G Ital Nefrol", "authors": ["Manes, Massimo", "Radin, Elisabetta", "Pellu, Valentina", "Molino, Andrea", "Gabrielli, Danila", "Paternoster, Giuseppe", "Parodi, Emanuele", "Priante, Laura", "Catania, Alberto", "Doveri, Giulio"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530148", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Valle d'Aosta, Italy's smallest region, faced a Covid-19 epidemic trend of absolute relevance. In line with data concerning the local general population, the predominance of the illness among uremic patients has been high. The authors report here preliminary data on the spread of this disease within the region and on the clinical trend of the infected patients who needed to be hospitalised."}, {"pmid": 32515258, "title": "Spring in London with Covid-19: a personal view.", "journal": "Med Leg J", "authors": ["Brahams, Diana"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515258", "countries": ["Spain", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a personal view from London as the Covid-19 pandemic continues to spread here and the situation changes from day to day. As such it can only be a snapshot caught in time; it is not a diary of events. The Coronavirus Act 2020 gives Government enormous powers and was passed by Parliament in one day of debate immediately before it closed early for the Easter break. In March, the government imposed a \"lockdown: the closure of all\" but \"essential\" businesses and people other than essential workers must work from home but are allowed out for exercise and food shopping but must maintain 2 m apart, the \"social distancing rule\". The aim is to suppress the spread of the virus, reduce the death toll and \"protect the National Health Service (NHS)\" which needed time to empty wards and expand its intensive care unit (ICU) capability to deal with an expected influx of thousands of very sick patients. I discuss whether this strategy is working, how and why it has rapidly been altered to respond to criticism. Why was the Government so slow to seek the help of private laboratories to assist with testing? Why was the personal protective equipment (PPE) guidance altered only after criticism? I look at the impact of the lockdown on the UK economy, the changes to practice of medicine and speeding of scientific research. Cooperating with the lockdown has its price; is it harming the health and mental health of children, people living in households with potentially abusive partners or parents and those who are disabled or financially desperate? Is the cure worse than the disease? The Economy is being devastated by the lockdown and each day of lockdown it is worse. Is litigation being seeded even now by the pandemic? Notwithstanding unprecedented Government financial help many businesses are on the edge of collapse, people will lose their jobs and pensioners income. The winners include pharmacies, supermarkets, online food retailers, Amazon, online apps, providers of video games, services, streaming and scientific research laboratories, manufacturers of testing kits, ventilators, hand sanitisers, coffins, undertakers, etc. The British public is cooperating with lockdown but are we less productive at home? Parents with babies and children often child minders, school, grandparents or paid help which is not now available. Will current reliance on video-conferencing and video calls permanently change the way we work and will we need smaller city offices? Will we travel less? Will medical and legal practice and civil and criminal trials be generally carried out remotely? Will social distancing with self-isolation and job losses and business failures fuel depression? Is Covid-19 comparable to past epidemics like the Plague and Spanish flu?"}, {"pmid": 32354810, "title": "An alternative COVID-19 checklist.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Thomas, Mari"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354810", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437597, "title": "Covid-19, Angiogenesis, and ARDS Endotypes.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Hariri, Lida", "Hardin, C Corey"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437597", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425660, "pmcid": "PMC7228872", "title": "A combined oropharyngeal/nares swab is a suitable alternative to nasopharyngeal swabs for the detection of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["LeBlanc, Jason J", "Heinstein, Charles", "MacDonald, Jimmy", "Pettipas, Janice", "Hatchette, Todd F", "Patriquin, Glenn"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425660", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the global shortage of nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs typically used for respiratory virus detection, alternative collection methods were evaluated during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study showed that a combined oropharyngeal/nares swab is a suitable alternative to NP swabs for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, with sensitivities of 91.7% and 94.4%, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32325767, "pmcid": "PMC7215413", "title": "COVID-19 Drug Discovery Using Intensive Approaches.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Asai, Ayumu", "Konno, Masamitsu", "Ozaki, Miyuki", "Otsuka, Chihiro", "Vecchione, Andrea", "Arai, Takahiro", "Kitagawa, Toru", "Ofusa, Ken", "Yabumoto, Masami", "Hirotsu, Takaaki", "Taniguchi, Masateru", "Eguchi, Hidetoshi", "Doki, Yuichiro", "Ishii, Hideshi"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325767", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in China during December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread on a global scale, causing the World Health Organization (WHO) to issue a warning. While novel vaccines and drugs that target SARS-CoV-2 are under development, this review provides information on therapeutics which are under clinical trials or are proposed to antagonize SARS-CoV-2. Based on the information gained from the responses to other RNA coronaviruses, including the strains that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronaviruses and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), drug repurposing might be a viable strategy. Since several antiviral therapies can inhibit viral replication cycles or relieve symptoms, mechanisms unique to RNA viruses will be important for the clinical development of antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. Given that several currently marketed drugs may be efficient therapeutic agents for severe COVID-19 cases, they may be beneficial for future viral pandemics and other infections caused by RNA viruses when standard treatments are unavailable."}, {"pmid": 32278755, "pmcid": "PMC7146713", "title": "COVID-19 Guidance for Triage of Operations for Thoracic Malignancies: A Consensus Statement from Thoracic Surgery Outcomes Research Network.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278755", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The extraordinary demands of managing the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the world's ability to care for patients with thoracic malignancies. As a hospital's COVID-19 population increases and hospital resources are depleted, the ability to provide surgical care is progressively restricted - forcing surgeons to prioritize among their cancer populations. Representatives from multiple cancer, surgical and research organizations have come together to provide a guide for triaging patients with thoracic malignancies, as the impact of COVID-19 evolves as each hospital."}, {"pmid": 32436739, "title": "Contraception during Coronavirus-Covid 19 pandemia. Recommendations of the Board of the Italian Society of Contraception.", "journal": "Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care", "authors": ["Fruzzetti, F", "Cagnacci, A", "Primiero, F", "De Leo, V", "Bastianelli, C", "Bruni, V", "Caruso, S", "Di Carlo, C", "Farris, M", "Grandi, G", "Grasso, A", "Guida, M", "Meriggiola, M", "Paoletti, A M", "Cianci, A", "Nappi, C", "Volpe, A"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436739", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Purpose: The Italian Society of Contraception identified as one of its priorities the need to give recommendations on management of contraception during Coronavirus-Covid 19 pandemiaMaterials and methods: A concise communication was produced which summarises in an easy-to-read format suitable for clinicians the management of the different contraceptives mostly used. Information how to manage contraception in different conditions is presented.Results: Women may, in general, continue to use either intrauterine and or hormonal contraceptives. The use of condom should be added to any hormonal contraceptive, when the contraceptive efficacy is reduced or when women stop the contraceptive method.Conclusion: At the present time, during the Coronavirus-Covid 19 pandemia, no data contraindicate the use of intrauterine or hormonal contraceptives. Conversely the use of an appropriate contraception is advocate to prevent unintended pregnancies."}, {"pmid": 32532661, "title": "Management and outcomes of post-acute COVID-19 patients in Northern Italy.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Vitacca, Michele", "Migliori, Giovanni Battista", "Spanevello, Antonio", "Melazzini, Mario Giovanni", "Ambrosino, Nicolino"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532661", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343444, "pmcid": "PMC7267369", "title": "Special considerations for elderly patients with head and neck cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Sharma, Arun", "Crosby, Dana L"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343444", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Elderly patients with head and neck cancer are at increased risk of adverse outcomes during and after treatment of head and neck cancer. COVID-19 severity and mortality can be expected to be significantly greater in elderly patients with head and neck cancer, given that increased age, comorbidities, and presence of malignancy are known risk factors for disease severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Therefore, their management requires multidisciplinary consensus and patient input. A thorough geriatric assessment, which has been shown to be beneficial prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, could be particularly helpful in this patient population with the added dimension of COVID-19 risk. In many cases, prudent treatment plan modification may allow for overall best outcomes. Furthermore, recruitment of social services and, when appropriate, palliative care, may allow for optimal management of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32522191, "title": "Coronavirus disease 19 in minority populations of Newark, New Jersey.", "journal": "Int J Equity Health", "authors": ["Okoh, Alexis K", "Sossou, Christoph", "Dangayach, Neha S", "Meledathu, Sherin", "Phillips, Oluwakemi", "Raczek, Corinne", "Patti, Michael", "Kang, Nathan", "Hirji, Sameer A", "Cathcart, Charles", "Engell, Christian", "Cohen, Marc", "Nagarakanti, Sandhya", "Bishburg, Eliahu", "Grewal, Harpreet S"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522191", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study is to report the clinical features and outcomes of Black/African American (AA) and Latino Hispanic patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hospitalized in an inter-city hospital in the state of New Jersey. This is a retrospective cohort study of AA and Latino Hispanic patients with COVID-19 admitted to a 665-bed quaternary care, teaching hospital located in Newark, New Jersey. The study included patients who had completed hospitalization between March 10, 2020, and April 10, 2020. We reviewed demographics, socioeconomic variables and incidence of in-hospital mortality and morbidity. Logistic regression was used to identify predictor of in-hospital death. Out of 416 patients, 251 (60%) had completed hospitalization as of April 10, 2020. The incidence of In-hospital mortality was 38.6% (n\u2009=\u200997). Most common symptoms at initial presentation were dyspnea 39% (n\u2009=\u2009162) followed by cough 38%(n\u2009=\u2009156) and fever 34% (n\u2009=\u2009143). Patients were in the highest quartile for population's density, number of housing units and disproportionately fell into the lowest median income quartile for the state of New Jersey. The incidence of septic shock, acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring hemodialysis and admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) was 24% (n\u2009=\u200959), 21% (n\u2009=\u200952), 33% (n\u2009=\u200982) respectively. Independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were older age, lower serum Hemoglobin <\u200910\u2009mg/dl, elevated serum Ferritin and Creatinine phosphokinase levels >\u20091200\u2009U/L and\u2009>\u20091000\u2009U/L. Findings from an inter-city hospital's experience with COVID-19 among underserved minority populations showed that, more than one of every three patients were at risk for in-hospital death or morbidity. Older age and elevated inflammatory markers at presentation were associated with in-hospital death."}, {"pmid": 32198239, "title": "EMS to stop during coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198239", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372812, "pmcid": "PMC7194948", "title": "Australia keeps a lid on covid-19 - for now.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Klein, Alice"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372812", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373318, "pmcid": "PMC7182304", "title": "The COVID-19 containment in Vietnam: What are we doing?", "journal": "J Glob Health", "authors": ["Huynh, Toan Luu Duc"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373318", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397000, "pmcid": "PMC7272827", "title": "The role of telemedicine in the delivery of healthcare in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Haemophilia", "authors": ["Valentino, Leonard A", "Skinner, Mark W", "Pipe, Steven"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397000", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic. Recently, Hermans, et.al., outlined the challenges the COVID-19 pandemic pose for the bleeding disorders community 1 . The general response to the pandemic has included increased measures focused on personal hygiene, social distancing, symptom monitoring, early diagnosis, patient isolation, shelter in place, and public health quarantine. Accordingly, such measures have led to concerns over how to maintain access to haemophilia treatment products and to the specialized integrated care medical follow up within the haemophilia treatment centers (HTCs). As part of the medical response to disasters such as a world-wide pandemic, telemedicine has emerged as one proposed solution to address this type of global challenge 2 ."}, {"pmid": 32276846, "pmcid": "PMC7141464", "title": "Challenges in paediatric inflammatory bowel diseases in the COVID-19 time.", "journal": "Dig Liver Dis", "authors": ["Dipasquale, Valeria", "Cucchiara, Salvatore", "Martinelli, Massimo", "Miele, Erasmo", "Aloi, Marina", "Romano, Claudio"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276846", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471794, "pmcid": "PMC7241366", "title": "Imported and locally transmitted mild SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia cases in Japan.", "journal": "J Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Tochitani, Kentaro", "Iwamoto, Nobuki", "Motobayashi, Hirofumi", "Yamamoto, Shungo", "Shimizu, Tsunehiro"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471794", "countries": ["China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Here, we describe two mild SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia cases. One was imported from Wuhan, and the other was locally transmitted in Japan without recent travel to China. In both cases, lower respiratory tract symptoms were observed first, and high fever progressed in about one week. The laboratory findings revealed normal WBC and CRP despite apparent lung infiltrations, and typical observations on CT imaging were important diagnostic clues. In the domestic endemic situation, a comprehensive evaluation of the clinical course, and laboratory and radiological findings was required for diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32422501, "pmcid": "PMC7227526", "title": "Somatic symptoms and concern regarding COVID-19 among Chinese college and primary school students: A cross-sectional survey.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Liu, Shengyi", "Liu, Ying", "Liu, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422501", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid, ongoing and worldwide coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic represents a global public health emergency. Our objective was to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on somatic symptoms among Chinese college and primary school students, to provide reference data pertaining to the mental health of this population in the context of a public health emergency. In February and March 2020, we explored the somatic symptoms and concerns regarding COVID-19 of 399 college and primary school students in Sichuan Province using the Somatic Self-rating Scale (SSS) and a novel questionnaire, respectively. Logistic regression analysis and non-parametric tests were used to analyze the data. The incidence of somatic symptoms among college students was 34.85 (mild, 26.26%; moderate, 8.59%). The incidence of somatic symptoms in primary school students was 2.39% (all mild). Among the entire cohort, concern regarding COVID-19 was positively correlated with the occurrence of somatic symptoms. Somatic symptoms were more likely among college students expressing greater concern regarding the threat to life and health posed by COVID-19, and the efficacy of prevention and control measures. Among primary school students, only the concern for life and health was associated with a higher likelihood of somatic symptoms. Our data indicate that governments and other relevant agencies should implement different measures to prevent and control mental health disorders diseases in primary school and college students."}, {"pmid": 32311449, "pmcid": "PMC7165090", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection of hospital isolation wards hygiene monitoring during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak in a Chinese hospital.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Jie", "Feng, Haiting", "Zhang, Sheng", "Ni, Zuowei", "Ni, Lingmei", "Chen, Yu", "Zhuo, Lixin", "Zhong, Zifeng", "Qu, Tingting"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311449", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this paper was to monitor the presence of SARS-Cov-2 among hospital environment surfaces, sewage, and personal protective equipment (PPE) of staffs in isolation wards in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China. Surfaces of objects were routinely wiped with 1000mg/L chlorine containing disinfectant. Air and sewage disinfection was proceeded routinely and strictly. Hospital environmental surfaces and PPE of staffs in isolation wards were sampled using swabs. The sewage from various inlet and outlets were sampled. The respiratory and stool specimens of patients were collected. The respiratory specimens of staffs in the isolation wards were also sampled once a week. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) methods were used to confirm the existence of SARS-Cov-2 RNA. Viral culture was done for the samples positive for SARS-Cov-2 RNA. During the study period, 33 laboratory-confirmed patients were hospitalized in isolation wards in the hospital. None of SARS-Cov-2 RNA was detected among the 36 objects surface samples and 9 staffs PPE samples in isolation wards. Though the 3 sewage samples from the inlet of preprocessing disinfection pool were positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and the sample from the outlet of preprocessing disinfection pool was weakly positive, the sewage sample from the outlet of the last disinfection pool was negative. All of the 5 sewage samples from various points were negative by viral culture of SARS-Cov-2. None of the respiratory specimens of staffs in the isolation wards were positive. Though SARS-Cov-2 RNA of the sewage samples were positive from inlets of the sewage disinfection pool and negative from the outlet of the last sewage disinfection pool, no viable virus was detected by culture. The monitoring data in this study suggested that the strict disinfection and hand hygiene could decrease the hospital-associated COVID-19 infection risk of the staffs in isolation wards."}, {"pmid": 32323135, "pmcid": "PMC7176311", "title": "From the Editor's Desk: JGIM and COVID-19.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Bates, Carol K", "Jackson, Jeff", "Asch, Steven"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323135", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348831, "pmcid": "PMC7194947", "title": "Oculofacial Plastic Surgery and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Current Reactions and Implications for the Future.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Langer, Paul D", "Bernardini, Francesco P"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348831", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243269, "pmcid": "PMC7176263", "title": "Gastrointestinal and liver manifestations in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Lee, I-Cheng", "Huo, Teh-Ia", "Huang, Yi-Hsiang"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243269", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly spread over the world, the World Health Organization has declared the outbreak of COVID-19 an international public health emergency. Besides typical respiratory symptoms and signs of COVID-19, digestive symptoms and liver injury have been frequently reported during the course of the disease. In this review, we summarized the recent studies reporting of gastrointestinal and liver manifestations during the course of COVID-19. Digestive symptoms, including anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, are not uncommon in patients with COVID-19, and in some cases digestive symptoms may occur in the absence of any respiratory symptoms. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 could be detected in the stool of infected patients, implicating the possibility of fecal-oral transmission. Attention should also be paid to monitor liver function during the course of COVID-19, especially in patients with higher disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32283004, "pmcid": "PMC7175422", "title": "Universal Screening for SARS-CoV-2 in Women Admitted for Delivery.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Sutton, Desmond", "Fuchs, Karin", "D'Alton, Mary", "Goffman, Dena"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283004", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266822, "pmcid": "PMC7200871", "title": "Call for Papers: The Pathophysiology of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol", "authors": ["Morty, Rory E", "Ziebuhr, John"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266822", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427432, "title": "The Covid-19 Pandemic and the Incidence of Acute Myocardial Infarction.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Solomon, Matthew D", "McNulty, Edward J", "Rana, Jamal S", "Leong, Thomas K", "Lee, Catherine", "Sung, Sue-Hee", "Ambrosy, Andrew P", "Sidney, Stephen", "Go, Alan S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427432", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282404, "pmcid": "PMC7217125", "title": "Incidental CT Findings Suspicious for Covid-19 Associated Pneumonia on Nuclear Medicine Exams: Recognition and Management Plan.", "journal": "Clin Nucl Med", "authors": ["Tulchinsky, Mark", "Fotos, Joseph S", "Slonimsky, Einat"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282404", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some patients undergoing routine SPECT/CT and PET/CT examinations during the Covid-19 pandemic may incidentally reveal findings of Covid-19 associated pneumonia (C-19AP) on localizing CT. It is critical for Nuclear Medicine physicians to develop diagnostic skills for timely recognition of typical findings of C-19AP on a localizing CT. Furthermore, it is our responsibility to know the optimal practices for safely isolating and managing such patients while protecting the staff, other patients at the facility, family and/or friend accompanying the patients, and the public in general from risky exposure to Covid-19 sources. We offer several steps following an encounter suspicious of C-19AP."}, {"pmid": 32498535, "title": "Application of the PDCA cycle for standardized nursing management in a COVID-19 intensive care unit.", "journal": "Ann Palliat Med", "authors": ["Chen, Yihong", "Zheng, Jili", "Wu, Dingyun", "Zhang, Yuxia", "Lin, Ying"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32498535", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nursing quality is an integral part of health care quality and one of key performance indicators (KPIs) for health care management. The Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle is a management tool for continuous improvement of a business's products or processes. It can be applied to standardize nursing management and thus improve the nursing quality and increase the survival rate of patients. This study assessed the value of the PDCA cycle in standardizing nursing management in an intensive care unit (ICU) for patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The status quo of the ICU was analyzed, and the relevant issues and countermeasures were proposed. The PDCA cycle was applied to standardize the nursing management in the ICU. Nine measures were proposed and applied to improve the management of the COVID-19 ICU: defining the clean or contaminated areas, use of self-designed shoe storage cabinets, defining staff roles and responsibilities, establishing the staffing structure, staff training, placing items at fixed locations, improving shift handover, use of bulletin boards for listing key points, and use of reserved drugs cabinets. The virus contamination awareness, professional skills, awareness of duties and responsibilities, and quality and performance of nursing were remarkably improved 2 weeks after the implementation of the above countermeasures. The PDCA cycle helps to standardize nursing management in COVID-19 ICU by developing and applying effective nursing management approaches."}, {"pmid": 32532805, "title": "Thrombotic complications of COVID-19 may reflect an upregulation of endothelial tissue factor expression that is contingent on activation of endosomal NADPH oxidase.", "journal": "Open Heart", "authors": ["DiNicolantonio, James J", "McCarty, Mark"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532805", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The high rate of thrombotic complications associated with COVID-19 seems likely to reflect viral infection of vascular endothelial cells, which express the ACE2 protein that enables SARS-CoV-2 to invade cells. Various proinflammatory stimuli can promote thrombosis by inducing luminal endothelial expression of tissue factor (TF), which interacts with circulating coagulation factor VII to trigger extrinsic coagulation. The signalling mechanism whereby these stimuli evoke TF expression entails activation of NADPH oxidase, upstream from activation of the NF-kappaB transcription factor that drives the induced transcription of the TF gene. When single-stranded RNA viruses are taken up into cellular endosomes, they stimulate endosomal formation and activation of NADPH oxidase complexes via RNA-responsive toll-like receptor 7. It is therefore proposed that SARS-CoV-2 infection of endothelial cells evokes the expression of TF which is contingent on endosomal NADPH oxidase activation. If this hypothesis is correct, hydroxychloroquine, spirulina (more specifically, its chromophore phycocyanobilin) and high-dose glycine may have practical potential for mitigating the elevated thrombotic risk associated with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32464099, "pmcid": "PMC7247798", "title": "Tobacco smoking and COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["van Zyl-Smit, Richard N", "Richards, Guy", "Leone, Frank T"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464099", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440387, "pmcid": "PMC7237060", "title": "Extubation and the Risks of Coughing and Laryngospasm in the Era of Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Sibert, Karen S", "Long, Jennifer L", "Haddy, Steven M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440387", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted new interest among anesthesiologists and intensivists in controlling coughing and expectoration of potentially infectious aerosolized secretions during intubation and extubation. However, the fear of provoking laryngospasm may cause avoidance of deep or sedated extubation techniques which could reduce coughing and infection risk. This fear may be alleviated with clear understanding of the mechanisms and effective management of post-extubation airway obstruction including\u00a0laryngospasm. We review the dynamic function of the larynx from the vantage point of head-and-neck surgery, highlighting two key concepts: 1. The larynx is a complex organ that may occlude reflexively at levels other than the true vocal folds; 2. The widely held belief that positive-pressure ventilation by mask can \"break\" laryngospasm is not supported by the otorhinolaryngology literature. We review the differential diagnosis of acute airway obstruction after extubation, discuss techniques for achieving smooth extubation with avoidance of coughing and expectoration of secretions, and recommend, on the basis of this review, a clinical pathway for optimal management of upper airway obstruction including laryngospasm to avoid adverse outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32279115, "pmcid": "PMC7150608", "title": "CT features of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia according to clinical presentation: a retrospective analysis of 120 consecutive patients from Wuhan city.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Zhang, Rui", "Ouyang, Huangqing", "Fu, Lingli", "Wang, Shijie", "Han, Jianglong", "Huang, Kejie", "Jia, Mingfang", "Song, Qibin", "Fu, Zhenming"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279115", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To characterize the chest computed tomography (CT) findings of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) according to clinical severity. We compared the CT features of common cases and severe cases, symptomatic patients and asymptomatic patients, and febrile and afebrile patients. This was a retrospective analysis of the clinical and thoracic CT features of 120 consecutive patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia admitted to a tertiary university hospital between January 10 and February 10, 2020, in Wuhan city, China. On admission, the patients generally complained of fever, cough, shortness of breath, and myalgia or fatigue, with diarrhea often present in severe cases. Severe patients were 20\u00a0years older on average and had comorbidities and an elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level. There were no differences in the CT findings between asymptomatic and symptomatic common type patients or between afebrile and febrile patients, defined according to Chinese National Health Commission guidelines. The clinical and CT features at admission may enable clinicians to promptly evaluate the prognosis of patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Clinicians should be aware that clinically silent cases may present with CT features similar to those of symptomatic common patients. \u2022 The clinical features and predominant patterns of abnormalities on CT for asymptomatic, typic common, and severe cases were summarized. These findings may help clinicians to identify severe patients quickly at admission. \u2022 Clinicians should be cautious that CT findings of afebrile/asymptomatic patients are not better than the findings of other types of patients. These patients should also be quarantined. \u2022 The use of chest CT as the main screening method in epidemic areas is recommended."}, {"pmid": 32304110, "title": "Dosing will be a key success factor in repurposing antivirals for COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Smith, Patrick F", "Dodds, Michael", "Bentley, Darren", "Yeo, Karen", "Rayner, Craig"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304110", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409210, "pmcid": "PMC7200342", "title": "Coexistence of COVID-19 and acute ischemic stroke report of four cases.", "journal": "J Clin Neurosci", "authors": ["Tunc, Abdulkadir", "Unlubas, Yonca", "Alemdar, Murat", "Akyuz, Enes"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409210", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are revealed to target the human respiratory system mainly. However, they also have neuro-invasive abilities and might spread from the respiratory system to the central nervous system. Herein, we report four patients with COVID-19 simultaneously diagnosed with acute ischemic stroke. There were four stroke cases with simultaneously diagnosis of Covid-19 till the April 14, 2020 in the city of Sakarya, Turkey. They were aged between 45 and 77\u00a0years. All four cases were likely to have contracted the virus in Sakarya. The patients had all commonly reported symptoms of Covid-19. Three patients have elevated D-dimer levels, and two of them had high C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. They were managed symptomatically for both the infection and the stroke. Our findings suggest that ischemic cerebrovascular diseases may simultaneously develop in the course of Covid-19 independently of the critical disease process. Increased inflammation predicted by CRP and D-dimer levels may play a role in the formation of ischemia. In particular, elder patients with prothrombotic risk factors should also be considered for the signs of cerebrovascular events in addition to infectious symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32401283, "title": "Low-Income Children and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the US.", "journal": "JAMA Pediatr", "authors": ["Dooley, Danielle G", "Bandealy, Asad", "Tschudy, Megan M"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401283", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513072, "title": "A Second Pandemic? Perspective on Information Overload in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Valika, Taher S", "Maurrasse, Sarah E", "Reichert, Lara"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513072", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has affected the globe in previously unimaginable ways, with far-reaching economic and social implications. It has also led to an outpouring of daily, ever-changing information. To assess the amount of data that were emerging, a PubMed search related to COVID-19 was performed. Nearly 8000 articles have been published since the virus was defined 4 months ago. This number has grown exponentially every month, potentially hindering our ability to discern what is scientifically important. Unlike previous global pandemics, we exist in a world of instantaneous access. Information, accurate or otherwise, is flowing from one side of the world to the other via word of mouth, social media, news, and medical journals. Changes in practice guidelines should be based on high-quality, well-powered research. Our job as health care providers is to mitigate misinformation and provide reassurance to prevent a second pandemic of misinformation."}, {"pmid": 32077933, "pmcid": "PMC7108487", "title": "Emergence of a Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and the Importance of Diagnostic Testing: Why Partnership between Clinical Laboratories, Public Health Agencies, and Industry Is Essential to Control the Outbreak.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Binnicker, Matthew J"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077933", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402905, "pmcid": "PMC7202850", "title": "Changes in air quality related to the control of coronavirus in China: Implications for traffic and industrial emissions.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Wang, Yichen", "Yuan, Yuan", "Wang, Qiyuan", "Liu, ChenGuang", "Zhi, Qiang", "Cao, Junji"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402905", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Measures taken to control the disease (Covid-19) caused by the novel coronavirus dramatically reduced the number of vehicles on the road and diminished factory production. For this study, changes in the air quality index (AQI) and the concentrations of six air pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, CO, SO2, NO2, and O3) were evaluated during the Covid-19 control period in northern China. Overall, the air quality improved, most likely due to reduced emissions from the transportation and secondary industrial sectors. Specifically, the transportation sector was linked to the NO2 emission reductions, while lower emissions from secondary industries were the major cause for the reductions of PM2.5 and CO. The reduction in SO2 concentrations was only linked to the industrial sector. However, the reductions in emissions did not fully eliminate air pollution, and O3 actually increased, possibly because lower fine particle loadings led to less scavenging of HO2 and as a result greater O3 production. These results also highlight need to control emissions from the residential sector."}, {"pmid": 32381057, "pmcid": "PMC7203713", "title": "CT differential diagnosis of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 in symptomatic suspects: a practical scoring method.", "journal": "BMC Pulm Med", "authors": ["Luo, Lin", "Luo, Zhendong", "Jia, Yizhen", "Zhou, Cuiping", "He, Jianlong", "Lyu, Jianxun", "Shen, Xinping"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381057", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although typical and atypical CT image findings of COVID-19 are reported in current studies, the CT image features of COVID-19 overlap with those of viral pneumonia and other respiratory diseases. Hence, it is difficult to make an exclusive diagnosis. Thirty confirmed cases of COVID-19 and forty-three cases of other aetiology or clinically confirmed non-COVID-19 in a general hospital were included. The clinical data including age, sex, exposure history, laboratory parameters and aetiological diagnosis of all patients were collected. Seven positive signs (posterior part/lower lobe predilection, bilateral involvement, rounded GGO, subpleural bandlike GGO, crazy-paving pattern, peripheral distribution, and GGO +/- consolidation) from significant COVID-19 CT image features and four negative signs (only one lobe involvement, only central distribution, tree-in-bud sign, and bronchial wall thickening) from other non-COVID-19 pneumonia were used. The scoring analysis of CT features was compared between the two groups (COVID-19 and non-COVID-19). Older age, symptoms of diarrhoea, exposure history related to Wuhan, and a lower white blood cell and lymphocyte count were significantly suggestive of COVID-19 rather than non-COVID-19 (p\u2009<\u20090.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the combined CT image features analysis revealed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the scoring system was 0.854. These cut-off values yielded a sensitivity of 56.67% and a specificity of 95.35% for a score\u2009>\u20094, a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 23.26% for a score\u2009>\u20090, and a sensitivity of 86.67% and a specificity of 67.44% for a score\u2009>\u2009\u00a02. With a simple and practical scoring system based on CT imaging features, we can make a hierarchical diagnosis of COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 with different management suggestions."}, {"pmid": 32222713, "pmcid": "PMC7179539", "title": "A Case of Novel Coronavirus Disease 19 in a Chronic Hemodialysis Patient Presenting with Gastroenteritis and Developing Severe Pulmonary Disease.", "journal": "Am J Nephrol", "authors": ["Ferrey, Antoney J", "Choi, Grace", "Hanna, Ramy M", "Chang, Yongen", "Tantisattamo, Ekamol", "Ivaturi, Kaushik", "Park, Elisa", "Nguyen, Lawrence", "Wang, Brian", "Tonthat, Sam", "Rhee, Connie M", "Reddy, Uttam", "Lau, Wei Ling", "Huang, Susan S", "Gohil, Shruti", "Amin, Alpesh N", "Hsieh, Lanny", "Cheng, Timmy T", "Lee, Richard A", "Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222713", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious, rapidly spreading viral disease with an alarming case fatality rate up to 5%. The risk factors for severe presentations are concentrated in patients with chronic kidney disease, particularly patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who are dialysis dependent. We report the first US case of a 56-year-old nondiabetic male with ESRD secondary to IgA nephropathy undergoing thrice-weekly maintenance hemodialysis for 3 years, who developed COVID-19 infection. He has hypertension controlled with angiotensin receptor blocker losartan 100 mg/day and coronary artery disease status-post stent placement. During the first 5 days of his febrile disease, he presented to an urgent care, 3 emergency rooms, 1 cardiology clinic, and 2 dialysis centers in California and Utah. During this interval, he reported nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and low-grade fevers but was not suspected of COVID-19 infection until he developed respiratory symptoms and was admitted to the hospital. Imaging studies upon admission were consistent with bilateral interstitial pneumonia. He was placed in droplet-eye precautions while awaiting COVID-19 test results. Within the first 24 h, he deteriorated quickly and developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), requiring intubation and increasing respiratory support. Losartan was withheld due to hypotension and septic shock. COVID-19 was reported positive on hospital day 3. He remained in critical condition being treated with hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab in addition to the standard medical management for septic shock and ARDS. Our case is unique in its atypical initial presentation and highlights the importance of early testing."}, {"pmid": 32211789, "pmcid": "PMC7184333", "title": "The first locally acquired novel case of 2019-nCoV infection in a healthcare worker in the Paris area.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Klement, Elise", "Godefroy, Nagisa", "Burrel, Sonia", "Kornblum, Dimitri", "Monsel, Gentiane", "Bleibtreu, Alexandre", "Marcelin, Anne-Genevieve", "Calvez, Vincent", "Caumes, Eric", "Boutolleau, David", "Pourcher, Valerie"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211789", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327439, "title": "Covid-19 management: it's inappropriate to make judgments in hindsight that rely on information not available at the outset.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Bamji, Andrew N"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327439", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360513, "pmcid": "PMC7190470", "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents' lifestyle behavior larger than expected.", "journal": "Prog Cardiovasc Dis", "authors": ["Xiang, Mi", "Zhang, Zhiruo", "Kuwahara, Keisuke"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360513", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497211, "title": "Providing a laboratory diagnostic service for pandemic SARS-CoV-2 in a developing country.", "journal": "Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Sam, I-Ching", "Chong, Jennifer", "Kamarudin, Rozainah", "Jafar, Faizatul Lela", "Lee, Lu Mei", "Bador, Maria Kahar", "Chew, Yee Yean", "Tan, Maw Pin", "Chan, Yoke Fun"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497211", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296473, "pmcid": "PMC7158840", "title": "[SARS-CoV-2 infection may result in appendicular syndrome: Chest CT scan before appendectomy].", "authors": ["Pautrat, Karine", "Chergui, Naima"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296473", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The initial clinical presentation of CoronaVirus Disease 2019 may be appendicular syndrome. An abdominal CT scan ruled out a diagnosis of appendicitis and a chest CT scan yielded a diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. CT scan is required before considering emergency surgery for acute appendicitis."}, {"pmid": 32188753, "pmcid": "PMC7082143", "title": "COVID-19: Knowns, Unknowns, and Questions.", "journal": "mSphere", "authors": ["Weston, Stuart", "Frieman, Matthew B"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32188753", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from the Hubei province in China in late 2019 demonstrates the epidemic potential of coronaviruses. The rapid spread of this virus across the world in only 2 months highlights the transmissibility of this family of viruses and the significant morbidity and mortality that they can cause. We highlight the current state of knowledge of coronavirus biology while answering questions concerning the current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32475238, "title": "COVID-19 and beyond.", "journal": "Bone Joint J", "authors": ["Haddad, Fares S"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475238", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382932, "pmcid": "PMC7203724", "title": "COVID-19: a novel coronavirus and a novel challenge for oral healthcare.", "journal": "Clin Oral Investig", "authors": ["Guo, Jincai", "Xie, Hui", "Liang, Mining", "Wu, Hao"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382932", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Explore how to manage oral healthcare during the COVID-19 outbreak. In order to solve oral healthcare during the COVID-19 outbreak, our hospital has taken effective measures: build a team of experts, which provide a 24-h hotline, online video consultation, and online training and push popular science articles on WeChat. For the treatment of emergency patients aside from routine epidemic prevention measures, some special measures for oral treatment need to be added. From January 23, 2020, to March 2, 2020, a total of 3035 patients received oral therapy during the COVID-19 epidemic in our hospital. To our knowledge, no oral health worker or patient has been infected with COVID-19 due to oral treatment, and no patients have complained about the suspension of treatment by complaints hotline. COVID-19 is a novel challenge for oral healthcare. Attention should be paid to oral healthcare during the outbreak of COVID-19. These experiences of oral healthcare can be used as a reference by stomatological hospitals and oral clinics during public health emergencies."}, {"pmid": 32340583, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: overview of protective-ventilation strategy in ARDS patients.", "journal": "Acta Clin Belg", "authors": ["Higny, Julien", "Feye, Frederic", "Foret, Frederic"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340583", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objectives: In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, the aim of this manuscript is to provide a standard of care of patients with ARDS for non-emergency medicine trained physicians who are not customary with mechanical ventilation.Methods: We conducted a systematic review of the literature to investigate the best practice recommendations regarding the mechanical ventilation of patients with ARDS.Conclusion: We summarized the principal strategies for lung-protective ventilation of patients with ARDS. This focus is particularly addressed to physicians who are not experienced in the invasive respiratory management of ARDS patients. Nevertheless, it remains fundamental to acknowledge that new insights concerning this quickly spreading illness become available on a regular base."}, {"pmid": 32343939, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 12 (Reporting week to 23:59 AEST 19 April 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343939", "countries": ["Australia", "United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 19 April 2020: notifications = 6,606; deaths = 69. The reduction in international travel and domestic movement, social distancing measures and public health action have likely slowed the spread of the disease. Notifications in Australia remain predominantly among people with recent overseas travel, with some locally-acquired cases being detected. Most locally-acquired cases can be linked back to a confirmed case, with a small portion unable to be epidemiologically linked. The distribution of overseas-acquired cases to locally-acquired cases varies by jurisdiction. The crude case fatality rate (CFR) in Australia remains low (1.0%) compared to the World Health Organization's globally-reported rate (6.8%) and to other comparable high-income countries such as the United States of America (4.7%) and the United Kingdom (13.5%). The low CFR is likely reflective of high case ascertainment including detection of mild cases. High case ascertainment enables public health response and reduction of disease transmission. Internationally, cases continue to increase. The rates of increase have started to slow in several regions, although it is too soon to tell whether this trend will be sustained. Interpretation of international epidemiology should be conducted with caution as it differs from country to country depending not only on the disease dynamics, but also on differences in case detection, testing and implemented public health measures."}, {"pmid": 32270884, "pmcid": "PMC7262198", "title": "Role of nonstructural proteins in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["da Silva, Severino Jefferson Ribeiro", "Alves da Silva, Caroline Targino", "Mendes, Renata Pessoa Germano", "Pena, Lindomar"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270884", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32328297, "pmcid": "PMC7171815", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: A New Chapter in the History of Infectious Diseases.", "journal": "Oman Med J", "authors": ["Balkhair, Abdullah A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328297", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32399454, "pmcid": "PMC7213832", "title": "Transient ST Segment Elevation in Two Patients with COVID-19 and a Normal Transthoracic Echocardiogram.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Asif, Talal", "Ali, Zafar"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399454", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We continue to learn about cardiac involvement in patients with COVID-19. These patients can develop acute coronary syndrome and severe myocarditis with a reduced ejection fraction. We describe two critically ill COVID-19 patients who developed ST elevation that resolved on repeat ECG without any intervention. ST elevation may occur in critically ill COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32437765, "pmcid": "PMC7207116", "title": "Autophagy inhibition by chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine could adversely affect acute kidney injury and other organ injury in critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Kidney Int", "authors": ["Edelstein, Charles L", "Venkatachalam, Manjeri A", "Dong, Zheng"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437765", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398889, "pmcid": "PMC7214293", "title": "Epidemiological studies on COVID-19 pandemic in India: Too little and too late?", "journal": "Med J Armed Forces India", "authors": ["Gandhi P, Aravind", "Kathirvel, Soundappan"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398889", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504198, "pmcid": "PMC7274268", "title": "The burden of thrombotic complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19: charting the uncharted.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Landi, Antonio", "De Servi, Stefano"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504198", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32489743, "pmcid": "PMC7255551", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: A Neurological Perspective.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Lahiri, Durjoy", "Ardila, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489743", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Even though severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been observed to principally affect the respiratory system, neurological involvements have already been reported in some published work. We have reviewed original articles, case reports, and existing open-source data-sets to delineate the spectrum of neurological disorders potentially observed in SARS-CoV-2 positive cases. Neurological involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) corresponds to three situations:\u00a0(a) neurological manifestations of viral infection, (b) post-infective neurological complications, and (c) infection in patients with neurological co-morbidity. Neurological manifestations can further be subdivided into the central nervous system (headache, dizziness, alteration of the sensorium, ataxia encephalitis, stroke, and seizures) and peripheral nervous system (skeletal muscle injury and peripheral nerve involvement including hyposmia and hypogeusia) symptomatology. Post-infective neurological complications include demyelinating conditions.\u00a0Reduced mobility and dementia as co-morbidities may predispose a patient to have a viral infection. It is concluded that the pandemic of COVID-19 presents for a neurologist some unique challenges. We observe that SARS-CoV-2 may have various neurological manifestations and in many cases, neurological features may precede typical respiratory symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32404126, "pmcid": "PMC7218649", "title": "An online solution focused brief therapy for adolescent anxiety during the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Chen, Shitao"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404126", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to assess the effectiveness of delivering Solution Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) through telecommunication with a group of adolescents who present anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak. We hypothesize that participants who are randomly assigned to receive 2-4 sessions of Solution Focused Brief Therapy would have better clinical outcomes than participants who are in the waitlist group. We additionally hypothesized that using SFBT can also change participants' depression levels and their coping strategies in dealing with distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employs a randomized delayed crossover open label controlled trial in adolescents who are presenting anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak. Participants who meet the enrollment criteria stated below will be invited to participate in this study through telecommunication. Those accepting will be randomly allocated to the intervention group or waitlist group."}, {"pmid": 32341077, "title": "Nutritional status and COVID-19: an opportunity for lasting change?", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Mehta, Shameer"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341077", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed many healthcare systems, including the NHS, under unprecedented pressure. Mortality appears to be highest among older people and those with comorbidities, who are also often the most at risk of undernutrition in society. Despite international efforts to identify a specific treatment, therapy remains supportive and is principally focused on optimising respiratory function. However, the timely identification and correction of undernutrition also have the potential to improve outcomes cost-effectively, and should not be forgotten. This piece outlines why nutritional status may be particularly compromised during this crisis, among both the population and hospital inpatients. Practical steps to improve nutritional status at a time when hospital services are particularly stretched are also considered. Finally, the case is made for behaviour change at all levels including government, the general population and healthcare professionals."}, {"pmid": 32463905, "title": "Resilience and Emotional Support in Health Care Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv", "authors": ["Frias, Cindy E", "Cuzco, Cecilia", "Martin, Carmen Frias", "Perez-Ortega, Silvia", "Trivino Lopez, Joselyn A", "Lombrana, Maria"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463905", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450108, "pmcid": "PMC7255177", "title": "Compassion in a time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Galea, Sandro"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450108", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441830, "title": "Diversity of clinical appearance of cutaneous manifestations in the course of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Guarneri, C", "Venanzi Rullo, E", "Gallizzi, R", "Ceccarelli, M", "Cannavo, S P", "Nunnari, G"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441830", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 has stricken more than 203,000 people in Italy up to 30th of April 2020, with over 27,000 died according to official estimates1 . While Italy was one of the most affected countries in Europe, the impact of the disease in the southern part of the state was less dramatic than in the north, due to some still not understood reasons. Particularly in Sicily, 'only' 3,140 cases have been recorded, of whom 533 encountered in the province of Messina."}, {"pmid": 32369674, "pmcid": "PMC7267423", "title": "Oral vesiculobullous lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Martin Carreras-Presas, Carmen", "Amaro Sanchez, Juan", "Lopez-Sanchez, Antonio Francisco", "Jane-Salas, Enric", "Somacarrera Perez, Maria Luisa"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369674", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330475, "pmcid": "PMC7194902", "title": "Increased amylase and lipase in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: don t blame the pancreas just yet!", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["de-Madaria, Enrique", "Siau, Keith", "Cardenas-Jaen, Karina"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330475", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32104884, "pmcid": "PMC7107523", "title": "Nepal's first case of COVID-19 and public health response.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Shrestha, Ranish", "Shrestha, Sunil", "Khanal, Pratik", "Kc, Bhuvan"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32104884", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304576, "pmcid": "PMC7264788", "title": "A novel clinical set-up for examining healthy dermatology outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Gupta, S", "Jangra, R S", "Gujrathi, A V", "Mahendra, A", "Singla, R", "Sharma, A", "Gupta, S"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304576", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32266767, "pmcid": "PMC7262238", "title": "EDITORIAL: COVID-19 and Anxiety and Depression in 2020.", "journal": "Depress Anxiety", "authors": ["Stein, Murray B"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32266767", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291094, "pmcid": "PMC7146714", "title": "Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Klok, F A", "Kruip, M J H A", "van der Meer, N J M", "Arbous, M S", "Gommers, D A M P J", "Kant, K M", "Kaptein, F H J", "van Paassen, J", "Stals, M A M", "Huisman, M V", "Endeman, H"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291094", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 may predispose to both venous and arterial thromboembolism due to excessive inflammation, hypoxia, immobilisation and diffuse intravascular coagulation. Reports on the incidence of thrombotic complications are however not available. We evaluated the incidence of the composite outcome of symptomatic acute pulmonary embolism (PE), deep-vein thrombosis, ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction or systemic arterial embolism in all COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU of 2 Dutch university hospitals and 1 Dutch teaching hospital. We studied 184 ICU patients with proven COVID-19 pneumonia of whom 23 died (13%), 22 were discharged alive (12%) and 139 (76%) were still on the ICU on April 5th 2020. All patients received at least standard doses thromboprophylaxis. The cumulative incidence of the composite outcome was 31% (95%CI 20-41), of which CTPA and/or ultrasonography confirmed VTE in 27% (95%CI 17-37%) and arterial thrombotic events in 3.7% (95%CI 0-8.2%). PE was the most frequent thrombotic complication (n\u00a0=\u00a025, 81%). Age (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.05/per year, 95%CI 1.004-1.01) and coagulopathy, defined as spontaneous prolongation of the prothrombin time\u00a0>\u00a03\u00a0s or activated partial thromboplastin time\u00a0>\u00a05\u00a0s (aHR 4.1, 95%CI 1.9-9.1), were independent predictors of thrombotic complications. The 31% incidence of thrombotic complications in ICU patients with COVID-19 infections is remarkably high. Our findings reinforce the recommendation to strictly apply pharmacological thrombosis prophylaxis in all COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU, and are strongly suggestive of increasing the prophylaxis towards high-prophylactic doses, even in the absence of randomized evidence."}, {"pmid": 32234175, "title": "[Expert consensus on principal of clinical management of patients with severe emergent cardiovascular diseases during the epidemic period of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234175", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427148, "pmcid": "PMC7227575", "title": "Covid-19 and occupational health.", "journal": "Bull Acad Natl Med", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427148", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238223, "pmcid": "PMC7204583", "title": "Case Report: Walking Pneumonia in Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Mild Symptoms with Marked Abnormalities on Chest Imaging.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Sivakorn, Chaisith", "Luvira, Viravarn", "Muangnoicharoen, Sant", "Piroonamornpun, Pittaya", "Ouppapong, Tharawit", "Mungaomklang, Anek", "Iamsirithaworn, Sopon"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238223", "countries": ["China", "Thailand"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This case report underlines the appearance of a \"walking pneumonia\" in a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patient, with evidence of progressive lung involvement on chest imaging studies. The patient traveled from Wuhan, Hubei, China, to Thailand in January 2020. One of her family members was diagnosed with COVID-19. She presented to the hospital because of her concern, but she was without fever or any respiratory symptoms. Three days earlier, her nasopharyngeal and throat swabs revealed a negative severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Her initial chest radiography was abnormal, and her first sputum SARS-CoV-2 test yielded inconclusive results. A subsequent sputum test was positive for SARS-CoV-2. Diagnosis in this patient was facilitated by chest imaging and repeat viral testing. Thus, chest imaging studies might enhance capabilities for early diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32451358, "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the process and outcome of thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke.", "journal": "J Neurointerv Surg", "authors": ["Yang, Bin", "Wang, Tao", "Chen, Jian", "Chen, Yanfei", "Wang, Yabing", "Gao, Peng", "Li, Guilin", "Chen, Fei", "Li, Long", "Wang, Zheng", "Zhang, Hongqi", "Song, Haiqing", "Ma, Qingfeng", "Jiao, Liqun"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451358", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is still spreading across the world. Although the pandemic has an all-round impact on medical work, the degree of its impact on endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is unclear. We continuously included AIS patients with large artery occlusion who underwent EVT in a comprehensive stroke center before and during the Wuhan shutdown. The protected code stroke (PCS) for screening and treating AIS patients was established during the pandemic. The efficacy and safety outcomes including the rate of successful reperfusion (defined as modified Thrombolysis In Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) graded 2b or 3) and time intervals for reperfusion were compared between two groups: pre-pandemic and pandemic. A total of 55 AIS patients who received EVT were included. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the two groups. The time from hospital arrival to puncture (174 vs 125.5 min; p=0.002) and time from hospital arrival to reperfusion (213 vs 172 min; p=0.047) were significantly prolonged in the pandemic group compared with the pre-pandemic group. The rate of successful reperfusion was not significantly different between the two groups (85.7% (n=18) vs 88.2% (n=30); OR 0.971, 95%\u2009CI 0.785 to 1.203; p=1.000). The results of this study suggest a proper PCS algorithm which combines the COVID-19 screening and protection measures could decrease the impact of the disease on the clinical outcomes of EVT for AIS patients to the lowest extent possible during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32519576, "title": "Recommendations on trichological treatments during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Rossi, Alfredo", "Magri, Francesca", "Caro, Gemma", "Federico, Alessandro", "Di Fraia, Marco", "Muscianese, Marta", "Fortuna, Maria Caterina", "Carlesimo, Marta"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519576", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which rapidly spreads via respiratory droplets and is the cause of the current pandemic. In this alarming situation, it is a delicate matter how to visit patients safely and how to manage their chronic treatments.The aim of this paper is to examine in detail the potential impact on SARS-CoV-2 infection of treatments routinely used in trichology and to provide a useful guide for the therapeutic management of thricological patients in this new COVID-19 era."}, {"pmid": 32525704, "title": "Staffing Up For The Surge: Expanding The New York City Public Hospital Workforce During The COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Health Aff (Millwood)", "authors": ["Keeley, Chris", "Long, Theodore G", "Cineas, Natalia", "Villanueva, Yvette", "Bell, Donnie", "Wallach, Andrew B", "Mendez-Justiniano, Ivelesse", "Jackson, Hannah", "Boyle Schwartz, Donna", "Jimenez, Jonathan", "Salway, R James", "Boudourakis, Leon"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525704", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ascending to the peak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in New York City, NYC Health + Hospitals (NYC H+H), the City's public health care system, rapidly expanded capacity across its 11 acute-care hospitals and three new field hospitals. To meet the unprecedented demand for patient care, NYC H+H redeployed staff to the areas of greatest need and redesigned recruiting, onboarding, and training processes. The hospital system engaged private staffing agencies, partnered with the U.S Department of Defense, and recruited volunteers throughout the country. A centralized onboarding team created a single-source portal for medical providers requiring credentialing and established new staff positions to increase efficiency. Using new educational tools focused on COVID-19 content, the hospital system trained 20,000 staff, including nearly 9,000 nurses, within a two-month period. Creation of multidisciplinary teams, frequent enterprise-wide communication, willingness to shift direction in response to changing needs, and innovative use of technology were the key factors that enabled the hospital system to meet its goals. [Editor's Note: This Fast Track Ahead Of Print article is the accepted version of the manuscript. The final edited version will appear in an upcoming issue of Health Affairs.]."}, {"pmid": 32398273, "title": "RNA genome conservation and secondary structure in SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-related viruses: a first look.", "journal": "RNA", "authors": ["Rangan, Ramya", "Zheludev, Ivan N", "Das, Rhiju"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398273", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the COVID-19 outbreak spreads, there is a growing need for a compilation of conserved RNA genome regions in the SARS-CoV-2 virus along with their structural propensities to guide development of antivirals and diagnostics. Here we present a first look at RNA sequence conservation and structural propensities in the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Using sequence alignments spanning a range of betacoronaviruses, we rank genomic regions by RNA sequence conservation, identifying 79 regions of length at least 15 nucleotides as exactly conserved over SARS-related complete genome sequences available near the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak. We then confirm the conservation of the majority of these genome regions across 739 SARS-CoV-2 sequences subsequently reported from the COVID-19 outbreak, and we present a curated list of 30 'SARS-related-conserved' regions. We find that known RNA structured elements curated as Rfam families and in prior literature are enriched in these conserved genome regions, and we predict additional conserved, stable secondary structures across the viral genome. We provide 106 'SARS-CoV-2-conserved-structured' regions as potential targets for antivirals that bind to structured RNA. We further provide detailed secondary structure models for the extended 5' UTR, frame-shifting element, and 3' UTR. Last, we predict regions of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome that have low propensity for RNA secondary structure and are conserved within SARS-CoV-2 strains. These 59 'SARS-CoV-2-conserved-unstructured' genomic regions may be most easily targeted in primer-based diagnostic and oligonucleotide-based therapeutic strategies."}, {"pmid": 32529906, "title": "Serological differentiation between COVID-19 and SARS infections.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Chia, Wan Ni", "Tan, Chee Wah", "Foo, Randy", "Kang, Adrian Eng Zheng", "Peng, Yilong", "Sivalingam, Velraj", "Tiu, Charles", "Ong, Xin Mei", "Zhu, Feng", "Young, Barnaby E", "Chen, Mark I C", "Tan, Yee-Joo", "Lye, David C", "Anderson, Danielle E", "Wang, Lin-Fa"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529906", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, multiple diagnostic tests are required globally for acute disease diagnosis, contact tracing, monitoring of asymptomatic infection rates and assessing herd immunity. While PCR remains the frontline test of choice in the acute diagnostic setting, serological tests are urgently needed to fulfil the other requirements. Unlike PCR tests which are highly specific for each virus, cross-reactivity could potentially be a major challenge for COVID-19 antibody tests considering there are six other coronaviruses known to infect humans. Among the human pathogens, SARS-CoV is genetically most related to SARS-CoV-2 sharing approximately 80% sequence identity and both belong to the species SARS related coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) in the genus Betacoronavirus of family Coronaviridae. In this study, we developed and compared the performance of four different serological tests to comprehensively assess the cross-reactivity between COVID-19 and SARS patient sera. Our results indicate that there is a significant cross-reactivity when N protein of either SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 is used. The S1 or RBD derived the spike (S) protein offers better specificity. Amongst the different platforms, capture ELISA performed best. Finally, we found that SARS survivors all have significant level of antibodies remaining in their blood 17 years after infection. We discovered that anti-N antibodies waned more than anti-RBD antibodies, and the latter is known to play a more important role in providing protective immunity."}, {"pmid": 32508038, "title": "Can routine laboratory tests discriminate SARS-CoV-2-infected pneumonia from other causes of community-acquired pneumonia?", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Pan, Yunbao", "Ye, Guangming", "Zeng, Xiantao", "Liu, Guohong", "Zeng, Xiaojiao", "Jiang, Xianghu", "Zhao, Jin", "Chen, Liangjun", "Guo, Shuang", "Deng, Qiaoling", "Hong, Xiaoyue", "Yang, Ying", "Li, Yirong", "Wang, Xinghuan"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508038", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The clinical presentation of SARS-CoV-2-infected pneumonia (COVID-19) resembles that of other etiologies of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to identify clinical laboratory features to distinguish COVID-19 from CAP. We compared the hematological and biochemical features of 84 patients with COVID-19 at hospital admission and 221 patients with CAP. Parameters independently predictive of COVID-19 were calculated by multivariate logistic regression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was measured to evaluate the discriminative ability. Most hematological and biochemical indexes of patients with COVID-19 were significantly different from patients with CAP. Nine laboratory parameters were identified to be predictive of a diagnosis of COVID-19. The AUCs demonstrated good discriminatory ability for red cell distribution width (RDW) with an AUC of 0.87 and hemoglobin with an AUC of 0.81. Red blood cell, albumin, eosinophil, hematocrit, alkaline phosphatase, and mean platelet volume had fair discriminatory ability. Combinations of any two parameters performed better than did the RDW alone. Routine laboratory examinations may be helpful for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Application of laboratory tests may help to optimize the use of isolation rooms for patients when they present with unexplained febrile respiratory illnesses."}, {"pmid": 32474406, "title": "The rediscovery of hydroxychloroquine in allergic diseases in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Bonzano, L", "Cassone, G", "Tarallo, L", "Pellacani, G"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474406", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524855, "title": "COVID-19 Strikes the Vulnerable.", "journal": "Hisp Health Care Int", "authors": ["Enriquez, Maithe"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524855", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320375, "title": "Logic in the time of coronavirus.", "journal": "J Med Microbiol", "authors": ["Inglis, Timothy J J"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320375", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Much has happened here since the local news media trumpeted the first Australian COVID-19 fatality, and stirred up a medieval fear of contagion. We now need to take a step back to examine the logic underlying the use of our limited COVID-19 countermeasures. Emerging infectious diseases by their nature, pose new challenges to the diagnostic-treatment-control nexus, and push our concepts of causality beyond the limits of the conventional Koch-Henle approach to aetiology. We need to use contemporary methods of assessing causality to ensure that clinical, laboratory and public health measures draw on a rational, evidence-based approach to argumentation. The purpose of any aetiological hypothesis is to derive actionable insights into this latest emerging infectious disease. This review is an introduction to a conversation with medical microbiologists, which will be supported by a moderated blog."}, {"pmid": 32377576, "pmcid": "PMC7198587", "title": "Chatbots in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "NPJ Digit Med", "authors": ["Miner, Adam S", "Laranjo, Liliana", "Kocaballi, A Baki"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377576", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are all together in a fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Chatbots, if effectively designed and deployed, could help us by sharing up-to-date information quickly, encouraging desired health impacting behaviors, and lessening the psychological damage caused by fear and isolation. Despite this potential, the risk of amplifying misinformation and the lack of prior effectiveness research is cause for concern. Immediate collaborations between healthcare workers, companies, academics and governments are merited and may aid future pandemic preparedness efforts."}, {"pmid": 32327396, "pmcid": "PMC7152883", "title": "COVID-19 and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin: What is the Link?", "journal": "Eur Urol Oncol", "authors": ["Hegarty, Paul K", "Sfakianos, John P", "Giannarini, Gianluca", "DiNardo, Andrew R", "Kamat, Ashish M"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327396", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The debate around the role of vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin has revived right in the time of the Coronavirus disease 19 pandemic. Since Bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin is one of the most commonly delivered therapies in urology, in this editorial we discuss some points that we think will be of interest and guidance to practicing urologists during this public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32420957, "title": "COVID-19: the end of lockdown what next?", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Castaldi, Silvana", "Romano, Luisa", "Pariani, Elena", "Garbelli, Claudio", "Biganzoli, Elia"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420957", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Corona Virus 19 (COVID 19) epidemic is an infectious disease which was declared as a pandemic and hit all the Countries, all over the world, from the beginning of the year 2020. In Italy the epidemic is particular serious with 169.325 confirmed cases and 21.551 deaths on 20.04.2020. To stop the contagion on March 8 and up to May 3, the Italian Government decided a lockdown for all the Country, the authors suggest how to manage the reopening and restarting of all the activities avoiding a restart of the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32506685, "title": "Barriers to Telemedicine Implementation in Southwest Tribal Communities During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Graves, Janessa M", "Mackelprang, Jessica L", "Amiri, Solmaz", "Abshire, Demetrius A"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506685", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283142, "pmcid": "PMC7194510", "title": "Social media WeChat infers the development trend of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Lu, Yue", "Zhang, Leiliang"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283142", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472461, "pmcid": "PMC7256179", "title": "COVID-19, chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease and anti-rheumatic treatments.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Ouedraogo, Dieu-Donne", "Tiendrebeogo, Wendlassida Joelle Stephanie", "Kabore, Fulgence", "Ntsiba, Honore"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472461", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises a real public health problem. COVID-19 appeared in Wuhan (Hubei province) in China. Drugs that have been used in rheumatology for decades seem to be effective in this infection and are for the most part being studied. The rational use of these anti-rheumatic drugs is based on the cytokinic storm (hyperproduction of IL1, IL6, TNF \u03b1) in the body by COVID-19 in its severe form. In this review, the authors make the difference between the infectious and auto-inflammatory part of COVID-19; the disease does not seem to be a risk factor for admission to the intensive care unit for patients suffering from inflammatory rheumatism; however, the poverty of studies on this subject should be noted. The authors also review anti-rheumatic drugs while studying COVID-19 treatment."}, {"pmid": 32302081, "pmcid": "PMC7182015", "title": "ST-Segment Elevation in Patients with Covid-19 - A Case Series.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Bangalore, Sripal", "Sharma, Atul", "Slotwiner, Alexander", "Yatskar, Leonid", "Harari, Rafael", "Shah, Binita", "Ibrahim, Homam", "Friedman, Gary H", "Thompson, Craig", "Alviar, Carlos L", "Chadow, Hal L", "Fishman, Glenn I", "Reynolds, Harmony R", "Keller, Norma", "Hochman, Judith S"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302081", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32086938, "pmcid": "PMC7197734", "title": "The SARS, MERS and novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics, the newest and biggest global health threats: what lessons have we learned?", "journal": "Int J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Peeri, Noah C", "Shrestha, Nistha", "Rahman, Md Siddikur", "Zaki, Rafdzah", "Tan, Zhengqi", "Bibi, Saana", "Baghbanzadeh, Mahdi", "Aghamohammadi, Nasrin", "Zhang, Wenyi", "Haque, Ubydul"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32086938", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To provide an overview of the three major deadly coronaviruses and identify areas for improvement of future preparedness plans, as well as provide a critical assessment of the risk factors and actionable items for stopping their spread, utilizing lessons learned from the first two deadly coronavirus outbreaks, as well as initial reports from the current novel coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic in Wuhan, China. Utilizing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, USA) website, and a comprehensive review of PubMed literature, we obtained information regarding clinical signs and symptoms, treatment and diagnosis, transmission methods, protection methods and risk factors for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19. Comparisons between the viruses were made. Inadequate risk assessment regarding the urgency of the situation, and limited reporting on the virus within China has, in part, led to the rapid spread of COVID-19 throughout mainland China and into proximal and distant countries. Compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 has spread more rapidly, due in part to increased globalization and the focus of the epidemic. Wuhan, China is a large hub connecting the North, South, East and West of China via railways and a major international airport. The availability of connecting flights, the timing of the outbreak during the Chinese (Lunar) New Year, and the massive rail transit hub located in Wuhan has enabled the virus to perforate throughout China, and eventually, globally. We conclude that we did not learn from the two prior epidemics of coronavirus and were ill-prepared to deal with the challenges the COVID-19 epidemic has posed. Future research should attempt to address the uses and implications of internet of things (IoT) technologies for mapping the spread of infection."}, {"pmid": 32476551, "title": "Challenges in COVID-19: is pulmonary thromboembolism related to overall severity?", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Bellieni, Andrea", "Intini, Enrica", "Taddei, Eleonora", "Baldi, Fabiana", "Larosa, Luigi", "Murri, Rita", "Richeldi, Luca", "Bernabei, Roberto", "Cauda, Roberto", "Landi, Francesco", "Corbo, Giuseppe Maria", "Fantoni, Massimo"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476551", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32154505, "pmcid": "PMC7057189", "title": "The coronavirus 2019-nCoV epidemic: Is hindsight 20/20?", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Malta, Monica", "Rimoin, Anne W", "Strathdee, Steffanie A"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32154505", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476306, "pmcid": "PMC7261700", "title": "Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in a COVID-19 Patient with Ankylosing Spondylitis Treated with Etanercept: Case Report.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Lee, Jong Mok", "Lee, Sang Jin"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476306", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The neurologic manifestations concerning coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are highly penetrated. Anosmia and ageusia are one of the common acute neurologic symptoms, which develop in the early stage of COVID-19. However, it is not reported that how immunosuppressive agents affect these symptoms. We report olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) treated with etanercept during COVID-19. A 53-year-old female showing AS controlled with tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 inhibitor, etanercept, had been diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, presenting cough and rhinorrhea. One month after diagnosis, she complained about hyposmia and hypogeusia two days before the seronegative conversion of SARS-CoV-2, which were confirmed by a neurological examination. We speculate that the etanercept may have delayed the development of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in the patient."}, {"pmid": 32525765, "title": "Genetic cluster analysis of SARS-CoV-2 and the identification of those responsible for the major outbreaks in various countries.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Yang, Xuemei", "Dong, Ning", "Chan, Edward Wai-Chi", "Chen, Sheng"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525765", "countries": ["United States", "Korea, Republic of", "China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A newly emerged coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, caused severe pneumonia outbreaks in China in December 2019 and has since spread to various countries around the world. To trace the evolution route and probe the transmission dynamics of this virus, we performed phylodynamic analysis of 247 high quality genomic sequences available in the GISAID platform as of 5 March 2020. Among them, four genetic clusters, defined as super-spreaders (SSs), could be identified and were found to be responsible for the major outbreaks that subsequently occurred in various countries. SS1 was widely disseminated in Asia and the US, and mainly responsible for outbreaks in the states of Washington and California as well as South Korea, whereas SS4 contributed to the pandemic in Europe. Using the signature mutations of each SS as markers, we further analysed 1539 genome sequences reported after 29 February 2020 and found that 90% of these genomes belonged to SSs, with SS4 being the most dominant. The relative degree of contribution of each SS to the pandemic in different continents was also depicted. Identification of these super-spreaders greatly facilitates development of new strategies to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32425228, "pmcid": "PMC7230139", "title": "Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Volume and Diagnosis of Gastric and Colorectal Cancers: A Population-based Study.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Lui, Thomas Kl", "Leung, Kathy", "Guo, Chuan-Guo", "Tsui, Vivien Wm", "Wu, Joseph T", "Leung, Wai K"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425228", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353518, "pmcid": "PMC7184991", "title": "Do psychiatric patients experience more psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown? A case-control study with service and research implications for immunopsychiatry.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Hao, Fengyi", "Tan, Wanqiu", "Jiang, Li", "Zhang, Ling", "Zhao, Xinling", "Zou, Yiran", "Hu, Yirong", "Luo, Xi", "Jiang, Xiaojiang", "McIntyre, Roger S", "Tran, Bach", "Sun, Jiaqian", "Zhang, Zhisong", "Ho, Roger", "Ho, Cyrus", "Tam, Wilson"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353518", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to assess and compare the immediate stress and psychological impact experienced by people with and without psychiatric illnesses during the peak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic with strict lockdown measures. Seventy-six psychiatric patients and 109 healthy control subjects were recruited from Chongqing, China and completed a survey on demographic data, physical symptoms during the past 14\u00a0days and a range of psychiatric symptoms using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). IES-R measures PTSD symptoms in survivorship after an event. DASS-21 is based on tripartite model of psychopathology that comprise a general distress construct with distinct characteristics. The mean IES-R, DASS-21 anxiety, depression and stress subscale and ISI scores were higher in psychiatric patients than healthy controls (p\u00a0<\u00a00.001). Serious worries about their physical health, anger and impulsivity and intense suicidal ideation were significantly higher in psychiatric patients than healthy controls (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). More than one-third of psychiatric patients might fulfil the diagnostic criteria post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). More than one-quarter of psychiatric patients suffered from moderately severe to severe insomnia. Respondents who reported no change, poor or worse physical health status and had a psychiatric illness were significantly more likely to have higher mean IES-R, DASS depression, anxiety and stress subscale scores and ISI scores (p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). This study confirms the severity of negative psychological impact on psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 epidemic with strict lockdown measures. Understanding the psychological impact on psychiatric patients during the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to provide insight into how to develop a new immunopsychiatry service. Further research is required to compare pro-inflammatory cytokines between psychiatric patients and healthy controls during the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32335004, "pmcid": "PMC7164918", "title": "3D Printed Face Shields: A Community Response to the COVID-19 Global Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Flanagan, Sarah T", "Ballard, David H"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335004", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316647, "pmcid": "PMC7215577", "title": "Using Social Media to Mine and Analyze Public Opinion Related to COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Han, Xuehua", "Wang, Juanle", "Zhang, Min", "Wang, Xiaojie"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316647", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a grave global public health emergency. Nowadays, social media has become the main channel through which the public can obtain information and express their opinions and feelings. This study explored public opinion in the early stages of COVID-19 in China by analyzing Sina-Weibo (a Twitter-like microblogging system in China) texts in terms of space, time, and content. Temporal changes within one-hour intervals and the spatial distribution of COVID-19-related Weibo texts were analyzed. Based on the latent Dirichlet allocation model and the random forest algorithm, a topic extraction and classification model was developed to hierarchically identify seven COVID-19-relevant topics and 13 sub-topics from Weibo texts. The results indicate that the number of Weibo texts varied over time for different topics and sub-topics corresponding with the different developmental stages of the event. The spatial distribution of COVID-19-relevant Weibo was mainly concentrated in Wuhan, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration. There is a synchronization between frequent daily discussions on Weibo and the trend of the COVID-19 outbreak in the real world. Public response is very sensitive to the epidemic and significant social events, especially in urban agglomerations with convenient transportation and a large population. The timely dissemination and updating of epidemic-related information and the popularization of such information by the government can contribute to stabilizing public sentiments. However, the surge of public demand and the hysteresis of social support demonstrated that the allocation of medical resources was under enormous pressure in the early stage of the epidemic. It is suggested that the government should strengthen the response in terms of public opinion and epidemic prevention and exert control in key epidemic areas, urban agglomerations, and transboundary areas at the province level. In controlling the crisis, accurate response countermeasures should be formulated following public help demands. The findings can help government and emergency agencies to better understand the public opinion and sentiments towards COVID-19, to accelerate emergency responses, and to support post-disaster management."}, {"pmid": 32432325, "title": "Return to work for healthcare workers with confirmed COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Occup Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Zhang, Joyce C", "Findlater, Aidan", "Cram, Peter", "Adisesh, Anil"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432325", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32288418, "pmcid": "PMC7137902", "title": "D(2)EA: Depict the Epidemic Picture of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Shanghai Jiaotong Univ Sci", "authors": ["Liu, Chenzhengyi", "Zhao, Jingwei", "Liu, Guohang", "Gao, Yuanning", "Gao, Xiaofeng"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288418", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has aroused a global alert. To release social panic and guide future schedules, this article proposes a novel mathematical model, the Delay Differential Epidemic Analyzer (D2EA), to analyze the dynamics of epidemic and forecast its future trends. Based on the traditional Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model, the D2EA model innovatively introduces a set of quarantine states and applies both ordinary differential equations and delay differential equations to describe the transition between two states. Potential variations of practical factors are further considered to reveal the true epidemic picture. In the experiment part, we use the D2EA model to simulate the epidemic in Hubei Province. Fitting to the collected real data as non-linear optimization, the D2EA model forecasts that the accumulated confirmed infected cases in Hubei Province will reach the peak at the end of February and then steady down. We also evaluate the effectiveness of the quarantine measures and schedule the date to reopen Hubei Province."}, {"pmid": 32339025, "title": "Why Fibrinolytic Therapy for ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the COVID-19 Pandemic Is Not Your New Best Friend.", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Kirtane, Ajay J", "Bangalore, Sripal"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32127703, "title": "Mystery deepens over animal source of coronavirus.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Cyranoski, David"], "date": "2020-03-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32127703", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414749, "title": "Covid-19: Cases of inflammatory syndrome in children surge after urgent alert.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414749", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32333418, "title": "COVID-19 and Underinvestment in the Public Health Infrastructure of the United States.", "journal": "Milbank Q", "authors": ["Maani, Nason", "Galea, Sandro"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333418", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201889, "pmcid": "PMC7184331", "title": "A COVID-19 Transmission within a family cluster by presymptomatic infectors in China.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qian, Guoqing", "Yang, Naibin", "Ma, Ada Hoi Yan", "Wang, Liping", "Li, Guoxiang", "Chen, Xueqin", "Chen, Xiaomin"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201889", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a COVID-19 family cluster caused by a presymptomatic case. There were 9 family members, including 8 laboratory-confirmed with COVID-19, and a 6-year-old child had no evidence of infection. Amongst the 8 patients, one adult and one 13-month-old infant were asymptomatic, one adult was diagnosed as having severe pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32500327, "pmcid": "PMC7271825", "title": "Endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy and ENT specialist safety in the COVID 19 era: the back endoscopy approach to the patient.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Di Maio, Pasquale", "Traverso, Daniela", "Iocca, Oreste", "De Virgilio, Armando", "Spriano, Giuseppe", "Giudice, Marco"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500327", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To propose a way to safely perform endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy in ENT outpatient clinic during the COVID-19 pandemic. This manuscript highlights the importance of endoscopy in daily ENT clinical practice, which is a pivotal procedure in the diagnosis of many head and neck pathologies. However, since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, the authors have witnessed a drastic reduction (91%) in the use of endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy at their institutions. In fact, it is considered at risk of contamination for healthcare professionals, as any upper airway manipulation procedure. In the \"Back approach to the patient\" for endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy, the operator positions himself behind the patient and faces the monitor. The endoscopist, not being positioned in front of the patient, should, therefore, be less exposed to airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus. This simple variation of the physician's position during endoscopic nasopharyngoscopy could potentially reduce the risk of contagion since the operator is not in the trajectory of droplets and/or aerosols."}, {"pmid": 32504741, "title": "Does type of immunosupression influence the course of Covid-19 infection?", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Razanamahery, J", "Soumagne, T", "Humbert, S", "Brunel, A S", "Lepiller, Q", "Daguindau, E", "Mansi, L", "Chirouze, C", "Bouiller, K"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504741", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) is a new emerging virus responsible for pandemic and death. High blood pressure, diabetes, obesity have been described as poor prognosis factors. Few data have been reported in patient with immunocompromised status (solid tumor, hematological malignancy, rheumatoid conditions or organ transplant). We evaluated the characteristics of patients, including the outcome, with immunodepression hospitalized in Besancon University hospital (East of France). We wanted to identify if a type of immunosupression influences the course of Covid-19. In a cohort of 80 patients with immunosupression (42 solid tumors, 20 hematological malignancy and 18 non neoplastic immunosupression), poor outcomes (Intensive care unit hospitalization and or deaths) was frequent (38%) and tended to be more frequent in patients with hematological malignancy."}, {"pmid": 32319448, "title": "[The CoViD-19 epidemic is posing entirely new problems for home cancer care services.]", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Porzio, Giampiero", "Peris, Flaminia", "Ravoni, Giulio", "Colpani, Emilia", "Cecchi, Martina", "Parretti, Giulia", "Cortellini, Alessio"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319448", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report on the protocol adopted by the Oncological Home Care Service of the Tuscany Cancer Association during the CoViD-19 pandemic. Based on the experience in home cancer care gained during the 2009 earthquake, we have developed strategies to ensure continuity of care, non-abandonment and protection of operators. In this context, the double triage protocol plays a central role, aimed at identifying patients at risk for CoViD-19 infection and rationalizing home access. we describe the protocol and present the preliminary data."}, {"pmid": 32405605, "pmcid": "PMC7218364", "title": "New protection barrier for endoscopic procedures in the era of pandemic COVID-19.", "journal": "VideoGIE", "authors": ["Luis, Sabbagh", "Margarita, Huertas", "Javier, Preciado", "Daniela, Sabbagh"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405605", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380858, "title": "Delivering healthcare remotely to cardiovascular patients during COVID-19: A rapid review of the evidence.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs", "authors": ["Neubeck, Lis", "Hansen, Tina", "Jaarsma, Tiny", "Klompstra, Leonie", "Gallagher, Robyn"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380858", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Although attention is focused on addressing the acute situation created by the COVID-19 illness, it is imperative to continue our efforts to prevent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly during a period of prolonged social isolation which may limit physical activity, adversely affect mental health and reduce access to usual care. One option may be to deliver healthcare interventions remotely through digital healthcare solutions. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to bring together the evidence for remote healthcare during a quarantine situation period to support people living with cardiovascular disease during COVID-19 isolation. The PubMed, CINAHL and Google Scholar were searched using telehealth OR digital health OR mHealth OR eHealth OR mobile apps AND COVID-19 OR quarantine search terms. We also searched for literature relating to cardiovascular disease AND quarantine. The literature search identified 45 potentially relevant publications, out of which nine articles were included. Three overarching themes emerged from this review: (1) preparing the workforce and ensuring reimbursement for remote healthcare, (2) supporting mental and physical health and (3) supporting usual care. To support people living with cardiovascular disease during COVID-19 isolation and to mitigate the effects of quarantine and adverse effect on mental and physical well-being, we should offer remote healthcare and provide access to their usual care."}, {"pmid": 32007643, "pmcid": "PMC7110798", "title": "Preliminary estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in China, from 2019 to 2020: A data-driven analysis in the early phase of the outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Shi", "Lin, Qianyin", "Ran, Jinjun", "Musa, Salihu S", "Yang, Guangpu", "Wang, Weiming", "Lou, Yijun", "Gao, Daozhou", "Yang, Lin", "He, Daihai", "Wang, Maggie H"], "date": "2020-02-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32007643", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing outbreak of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia hit a major city in China, Wuhan, December 2019 and subsequently reached other provinces/regions of China and other countries. We present estimates of the basic reproduction number, R0, of 2019-nCoV in the early phase of the outbreak. Accounting for the impact of the variations in disease reporting rate, we modelled the epidemic curve of 2019-nCoV cases time series, in mainland China from January 10 to January 24, 2020, through the exponential growth. With the estimated intrinsic growth rate (\u03b3), we estimated R0 by using the serial intervals (SI) of two other well-known coronavirus diseases, MERS and SARS, as approximations for the true unknown SI. The early outbreak data largely follows the exponential growth. We estimated that the mean R0 ranges from 2.24 (95%CI: 1.96-2.55) to 3.58 (95%CI: 2.89-4.39) associated with 8-fold to 2-fold increase in the reporting rate. We demonstrated that changes in reporting rate substantially affect estimates of R0. The mean estimate of R0 for the 2019-nCoV ranges from 2.24 to 3.58, and is significantly larger than 1. Our findings indicate the potential of 2019-nCoV to cause outbreaks."}, {"pmid": 32379029, "title": "Understanding the Singapore COVID-19 Experience: Implications for Hospital Medicine.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Vidyarthi, Arpana R", "Bagdasarian, Natasha", "Esmaili, Armond M", "Archuleta, Sophia", "Monash, Bradley", "Sehgal, Niraj L", "Green, Adrienne", "Lim, Aymeric"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379029", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345702, "title": "Renal Involvement and Early Prognosis in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia.", "journal": "J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Pei, Guangchang", "Zhang, Zhiguo", "Peng, Jing", "Liu, Liu", "Zhang, Chunxiu", "Yu, Chong", "Ma, Zufu", "Huang, Yi", "Liu, Wei", "Yao, Ying", "Zeng, Rui", "Xu, Gang"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345702", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Some patients with COVID-19 pneumonia also present with kidney injury, and autopsy findings of patients who died from the illness sometimes show renal damage. However, little is known about the clinical characteristics of kidney-related complications, including hematuria, proteinuria, and AKI. In this retrospective, single-center study in China, we analyzed data from electronic medical records of 333 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia, including information about clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and other characteristics, as well as information about renal outcomes. We found that 251 of the 333 patients (75.4%) had abnormal urine dipstick tests or AKI. Of 198 patients with renal involvement for the median duration of 12 days, 118 (59.6%) experienced remission of pneumonia during this period, and 111 of 162 (68.5%) patients experienced remission of proteinuria. Among 35 patients who developed AKI (with AKI identified by criteria expanded somewhat beyond the 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes definition), 16 (45.7%) experienced complete recovery of kidney function. We suspect that most AKI cases were intrinsic AKI. Patients with renal involvement had higher overall mortality compared with those without renal involvement (28 of 251 [11.2%] versus one of 82 [1.2%], respectively). Stepwise multivariate binary logistic regression analyses showed that severity of pneumonia was the risk factor most commonly associated with lower odds of proteinuric or hematuric remission and recovery from AKI. Renal abnormalities occurred in the majority of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Although proteinuria, hematuria, and AKI often resolved in such patients within 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms, renal complications in COVID-19 were associated with higher mortality."}, {"pmid": 32287801, "pmcid": "PMC7131107", "title": "Calculating virus spread.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Kucharski, Adam"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287801", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Getting a full picture of the coronavirus outbreak is extremely difficult. Maths can help plug some of the gaps, says Adam Kucharski."}, {"pmid": 32493475, "pmcid": "PMC7267766", "title": "A randomized multicenter clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin in the prophylaxis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in high-risk contacts (MeCOVID Trial): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Garcia, Irene Garcia", "Rodriguez-Rubio, Miguel", "Mariblanca, Amelia Rodriguez", "de Soto, Lucia Martinez", "Garcia, Lucia Diaz", "Villatoro, Jaime Monserrat", "Parada, Javier Queiruga", "Meseguer, Enrique Seco", "Rosales, Maria J", "Gonzalez, Juan", "Arribas, Jose R", "Carcas, Antonio J", "de la Oliva, Pedro", "Borobia, Alberto M"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493475", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Primary objective: to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin as a prophylactic treatment on prevention of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers at high risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Secondary objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of melatonin as a prophylactic treatment on prevention of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.To evaluate the efficacy of melatonin to prevent the development of severe COVID-19 in the participants enrolled in this study who develop SARS-CoV-2 infection along the trial.To evaluate the duration of COVID-19 symptoms in participants receiving melatonin before the infection.To evaluate seroconversion timing post-symptom onset. Exploratory objectives:To compare severity of COVID-19 between men and women.To evaluate the influence of sleep and diet on prevention from SARS-CoV-2 infection.To evaluate the effect of melatonin on the incidence and characteristics of lymphopenia and increase of inflammatory cytokines related to COVID-19. This is a two-arm parallel randomised double-blind controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of melatonin versus placebo in the prophylaxis of coronavirus disease 2019 among healthcare workers. Inclusion Criteria: Male or female participants \u2265 18 and \u2264 80 years of age.Healthcare workers from the public and private Spanish hospital network at risk of SARS-CoV 2 infection.Not having a previous COVID19 diagnosis.Understanding the purpose of the trial and not having taken any pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) including HIV PrEP from March 1st 2020 until study enrolment.Having a negative SARS-CoV 2 reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) result or a negative serologic rapid test (IgM/IgG) result before randomization.Premenopausal women must have a negative urinary pregnancy test in the 7 days before starting the trial treatment.Premenopausal women and males with premenopausal couples must commit to using a high efficiency anticonceptive method. HIV infection.Active hepatitis B infection.Renal failure (CrCl < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) or need for hemodialysis.Osteoporosis.Myasthenia gravis.Pre-existent maculopathy.Retinitis pigmentosa.Bradycardia (less than 50 bpm).Weight less than 40 Kg.Participant with any immunosuppressive condition or hematological disease.Treatment with drugs that may prolong QT in the last month before randomization for more than 7 days including: azithromycin, chlorpromazine, cisapride, clarithromycin, domperidone, droperidol, erythromycin, halofantrine, haloperidol, lumefantrine, mefloquine, methadone, pentamidine, procainamide, quinidine, quinine, sotalol, sparfloxacin, thioridazine, amiodarone.Hereditary intolerance to galactose, Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose or galactose malabsorption.Treatment with fluvoxamine.Treatment with benzodiazepines or benzodiazepine analogues such as zolpidem, zopiclone or zaleplon.Pregnancy.Breastfeeding.History of potentially immune derived diseases such as: lupus, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, vasculitis or rheumatoid arthritis.Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.Known history of hypersensitivity to the study drug or any of its components.Patients that should not be included in the study at the judgment of the research team. Participants will be recruited from the following eight hospitals in Madrid, Spain: Hospital Universitario La Paz, Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Hospital Infanta Sof\u00eda, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Hospital Cl\u00ednico San Carlos, Hospital Central de la defensa G\u00f3mez Ulla,Hospital de La Princesa and Hospital Infanta Leonor. Experimental: Melatonin (Circadin\u00ae, Exeltis Healthcare, Spain): 2 mg of melatonin orally before bedtime for 12 weeks. Comparator: Identical looking placebo (Laboratorios Liconsa, Spain) orally before bedtime for 12 weeks. Number of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) symptomatic infections confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test or serologic test or according to each centre diagnosis protocol. Primary outcome will be measured until the end of treatment for each participant (until the date of the last dose taken by each patient). Patients who meet all inclusion and no exclusion criteria will be randomised, stratified by centres, sex and age (<50 and \u2265 50 years old). The randomisation sequence was created using SAS version 9.4 statistical software (procedure 'PROC PLAN') with a 1:1 allocation. No randomisation seed was specified. The randomisation seed was generated taking the hour of the computer where the program was executed. Randomization will be done centrally through the electronic system RedCAP\u00ae in order to conceal the sequence until interventions are assigned BLINDING (MASKING): Participants, caregivers, and those assessing the outcomes are blinded to group assignment. A total of 450 participants are planned to be enrolled in this clinical trial, 225 in the experimental arm and 225 in the placebo arm. Protocol version 3.0, 17th of April 2020. Recruitment ongoing. First participant was recruited on the 21st of April 2020. The final participant is anticipated to be recruited on the 31st of May 2020. As of May 18th, 2020, a total of 312 participants have been enrolled (154 at Hospital La Paz, 85 at Hospital Infanta Sof\u00eda and 73 at Hospital 12 de Octubre). EU Clinical Trials Register: 2020-001530-35; Date of trial registration: 13th of April 2020; https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2020-001530-35/ES FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32425463, "pmcid": "PMC7228719", "title": "Personalizing Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Strategies in COVID-19-associated lung injury: the Utility of Lung Ultrasound.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Conway, Hannah", "Lau, Gary", "Zochios, Vasileios"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425463", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32288785, "pmcid": "PMC7107008", "title": "How to risk-stratify elective surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Patient Saf Surg", "authors": ["Stahel, Philip F"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288785", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425279, "pmcid": "PMC7229464", "title": "Swine enteric alphacoronavirus (swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus): an update three years after its discovery.", "journal": "Virus Res", "authors": ["Yang, Yong-Le", "Yu, Jia-Qi", "Huang, Yao-Wei"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425279", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32035997, "pmcid": "PMC7132493", "title": "Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Kampf, G", "Todt, D", "Pfaender, S", "Steinmann, E"], "date": "2020-02-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32035997", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, the emergence of a novel human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has become a global health concern causing severe respiratory tract infections in humans. Human-to-human transmissions have been described with incubation times between 2-10 days, facilitating its spread via droplets, contaminated hands or surfaces. We therefore reviewed the literature on all available information about the persistence of human and veterinary coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces as well as inactivation strategies with biocidal agents used for chemical disinfection, e.g. in healthcare facilities. The analysis of 22 studies reveals that human coronaviruses such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) coronavirus, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) coronavirus or endemic human coronaviruses (HCoV) can persist on inanimate surfaces like metal, glass or plastic for up to 9 days, but can be efficiently inactivated by surface disinfection procedures with 62-71% ethanol, 0.5% hydrogen peroxide or 0.1% sodium hypochlorite within 1 minute. Other biocidal agents such as 0.05-0.2% benzalkonium chloride or 0.02% chlorhexidine digluconate are less effective. As no specific therapies are available for SARS-CoV-2, early containment and prevention of further spread will be crucial to stop the ongoing outbreak and to control this novel infectious thread."}, {"pmid": 32291797, "pmcid": "PMC7262312", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: At the Crossroad Between Aging and Neurodegeneration.", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Lippi, Alice", "Domingues, Renato", "Setz, Cristian", "Outeiro, Tiago F", "Krisko, Anita"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291797", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32503877, "title": "Inhibition of Bruton tyrosine kinase in patients with severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Sci Immunol", "authors": ["Roschewski, Mark", "Lionakis, Michail S", "Sharman, Jeff P", "Roswarski, Joseph", "Goy, Andre", "Monticelli, M Andrew", "Roshon, Michael", "Wrzesinski, Stephen H", "Desai, Jigar V", "Zarakas, Marissa A", "Collen, Jacob", "Rose, Keith", "Hamdy, Ahmed", "Izumi, Raquel", "Wright, George W", "Chung, Kevin K", "Baselga, Jose", "Staudt, Louis M", "Wilson, Wyndham H"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503877", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with severe COVID-19 have a hyperinflammatory immune response suggestive of macrophage activation. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) regulates macrophage signaling and activation. Acalabrutinib, a selective BTK inhibitor, was administered off-label to 19 patients hospitalized with severe COVID-19 (11 on supplemental oxygen; 8 on mechanical ventilation), 18 of whom had increasing oxygen requirements at baseline. Over a 10-14 day treatment course, acalabrutinib improved oxygenation in a majority of patients, often within 1-3 days, and had no discernable toxicity. Measures of inflammation - C-reactive protein and IL-6 - normalized quickly in most patients, as did lymphopenia, in correlation with improved oxygenation. At the end of acalabrutinib treatment, 8/11 (72.7%) patients in the supplemental oxygen cohort had been discharged on room air, and 4/8 (50%) patients in the mechanical ventilation cohort had been successfully extubated, with 2/8 (25%) discharged on room air. Ex vivo analysis revealed significantly elevated BTK activity, as evidenced by autophosphorylation, and increased IL-6 production in blood monocytes from patients with severe COVID-19 compared with blood monocytes from healthy volunteers. These results suggest that targeting excessive host inflammation with a BTK inhibitor is a therapeutic strategy in severe COVID-19 and has led to a confirmatory international prospective randomized controlled clinical trial."}, {"pmid": 32320082, "title": "Co-detection of respiratory pathogens in patients hospitalized with Coronavirus viral disease-2019 pneumonia.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Blasco, Maria Luisa", "Buesa, Javier", "Colomina, Javier", "Forner, Maria Jose", "Galindo, Maria Jose", "Navarro, Jorge", "Noceda, Jose", "Redon, Josep", "Signes-Costa, Jaime", "Navarro, David"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320082", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506866, "title": "A cluster of tertiary transmissions of 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in the community from infectors with common cold symptoms.", "journal": "Korean J Intern Med", "authors": ["Kim, Nam Joong", "Choe, Pyoeng Gyun", "Park, Sang-Joon", "Lim, Jaegyun", "Lee, Wang Jun", "Kang, Chang Kyung", "Park, Wan Beom", "Seong, Moon-Woo", "Oh, Myoung-Don"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506866", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the global impact of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been severe, many countries have intensified containment activities to eliminate virus transmission, through early detection and isolation strategies. To establish a proper quarantine strategy, it is essential to understand how easily the virus can spread in the communities. In this study, we collected detailed information on the circumstances in which human-to-human transmission occurred in the tertiary transmission cases of COVID-19 in the community. On January 26, 2020, an imported case of COVID-19 was confirmed, and by February 10, 2020, one secondary transmission and three tertiary transmissions were identified. Secondary transmission occurred on the first day of illness of the infector, and his symptoms were suggestive of a common cold. The transmission occurred during a 90-minute long meal together in a restaurant. The people were sitting within one meter of each other, and had no direct contact. The tertiary transmission also occurred on the first-day illness of the other infector, and his only symptom was slight chills. The transmission occurred at a church during 2-hour-long worship, and two rows separated them. Our findings suggest that mildly symptomatic patients with COVID-19 could transmit the virus from the first day of illness through daily activities in the community. Early detection and isolation of patients with COVID-19 may be challenging."}, {"pmid": 32439366, "pmcid": "PMC7235573", "title": "Arrhythmic profile and 24-hour QT interval variability in COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin.", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Cipriani, Alberto", "Zorzi, Alessandro", "Ceccato, Davide", "Capone, Federico", "Parolin, Matteo", "Donato, Filippo", "Fioretto, Paola", "Pesavento, Raffaele", "Previato, Lorenzo", "Maffei, Pietro", "Saller, Alois", "Avogaro, Angelo", "Sarais, Cristiano", "Gregori, Dario", "Iliceto, Sabino", "Vettor, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439366", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin combination therapy is often prescribed for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring is warranted because both medications cause corrected QT-interval (QTc) prolongation. Whether QTc duration significantly varies during the day, potentially requiring multiple ECGs, remains to be established. We performed 12\u2011lead ECGs and 12\u2011lead 24-h Holter ECG monitoring in all patients aged <80\u00a0years admitted to our medical unit for COVID-19, in oral therapy with hydroxychloroquine (200\u00a0mg, twice daily) and azithromycin (500\u00a0mg, once daily) for at least 3\u00a0days. A group of healthy individuals matched for age and sex served as control. Out of 126 patients, 22 (median age 64, 82% men) met the inclusion criteria. ECG after therapy showed longer QTc-interval than before therapy (450 vs 426\u00a0ms, p\u00a0=\u00a0.02). Four patients had a QTc\u00a0\u2265\u00a0480\u00a0ms: they showed higher values of aspartate aminotransferase (52 vs 30\u00a0U/L, p\u00a0=\u00a0.03) and alanine aminotransferase (108 vs 33\u00a0U/L, p\u00a0<\u00a0.01) compared with those with QTc\u00a0<\u00a0480\u00a0ms. At 24-h Holter ECG monitoring, 1 COVID-19 patient and no control had \u22651 run of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (p\u00a0=\u00a0.4). No patients showed \"R on T\" premature ventricular beats. Analysis of 24-h QTc dynamics revealed that COVID-19 patients had higher QTc values than controls, with no significant hourly variability. Therapy with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin prolongs QTc interval in patients with COVID-19, particularly in those with high levels of transaminases. Because QTc duration remains stable during the 24\u00a0h, multiple daily ECG are not recommendable."}, {"pmid": 32221001, "title": "Possible method for the production of a Covid-19 vaccine.", "journal": "Vet Rec", "authors": ["Myint, Aung", "Jones, Trevor"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221001", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32173241, "pmcid": "PMC7128959", "title": "Asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): Facts and myths.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Lai, Chih-Cheng", "Liu, Yen Hung", "Wang, Cheng-Yi", "Wang, Ya-Hui", "Hsueh, Shun-Chung", "Yen, Muh-Yen", "Ko, Wen-Chien", "Hsueh, Po-Ren"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173241", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (formerly known as the 2019 novel coronavirus [2019-nCoV]) in Wuhan, China in December 2019, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), more than 75,000 cases have been reported in 32 countries/regions, resulting in more than 2000 deaths worldwide. Despite the fact that most COVID-19 cases and mortalities were reported in China, the WHO has declared this outbreak as the sixth public health emergency of international concern. The COVID-19 can present as an asymptomatic carrier state, acute respiratory disease, and pneumonia. Adults represent the population with the highest infection rate; however, neonates, children, and elderly patients can also be infected by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, nosocomial infection of hospitalized patients and healthcare workers, and viral transmission from asymptomatic carriers are possible. The most common finding on chest imaging among patients with pneumonia was ground-glass opacity with bilateral involvement. Severe cases are more likely to be older patients with underlying comorbidities compared to mild cases. Indeed, age and disease severity may be correlated with the outcomes of COVID-19. To date, effective treatment is lacking; however, clinical trials investigating the efficacy of several agents, including remdesivir and chloroquine, are underway in China. Currently, effective infection control intervention is the only way to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32217618, "title": "Covid-19: risk factors for severe disease and death.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Jordan, Rachel E", "Adab, Peymane", "Cheng, K K"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217618", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524194, "title": "[Evaluation of patient satisfaction with an ophthalmology video consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Ophthalmologe", "authors": ["Gerbutavicius, R", "Brandlhuber, U", "Gluck, S", "Kortum, G-F", "Kortum, I", "Navarrete Orozco, R", "Rakitin, M", "Strodtbeck, M", "Wolf, A", "Kortum, K U"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524194", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We introduced a\u00a0video consultation (VC) during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in an ophthalmology practice with eight doctors to ensure continuous ophthalmological care, infection prophylaxis and to compensate a\u00a0decreased number of patient presentations. Evaluation of the most common reasons for patient presentations in the VC, the proportion of re-presentations in the practice despite VC, practical challenges associated with the introduction of VC and patient satisfaction. Patients with a\u00a0recent acute visual deterioration and severe eye pain were excluded from the VC. The VC were carried out by a\u00a0trained specialist in ophthalmology. A\u00a0questionnaire with eight questions was completed after the VC appointment in order to evaluate the proportion of completed VC and patient satisfaction. We included 29 (13\u00a0male, \u00d8\u00a052.6 years, 16\u00a0female, \u00d8\u00a064.7 years) patients in this analysis. The VC could be performed with 68.97% of the participants who rated their overall experience with an average grade of\u00a01.6 (1\u00a0very good to 6\u00a0insufficient) and all of them indicated that they would recommend the VC. Of presentations in VC 70% were related to the symptoms of the anterior eye segment. In 70% of the cases no re-presentations took place in the unit. Our study represents a\u00a0significant practical application of VC for the management of non-urgent ocular conditions with maximum infection prophylaxis. The introduction of VC was severely limited by technological or user-related issues by the establishment of video connections. Patient satisfaction with VC was high to very high."}, {"pmid": 32463803, "title": "Impaired immune cell cytotoxicity in severe COVID-19 is IL-6 dependent.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Mazzoni, Alessio", "Salvati, Lorenzo", "Maggi, Laura", "Capone, Manuela", "Vanni, Anna", "Spinicci, Michele", "Mencarini, Jessica", "Caporale, Roberto", "Peruzzi, Benedetta", "Antonelli, Alberto", "Trotta, Michele", "Zammarchi, Lorenzo", "Ciani, Luca", "Gori, Leonardo", "Lazzeri, Chiara", "Matucci, Andrea", "Vultaggio, Alessandra", "Rossi, Oliviero", "Almerigogna, Fabio", "Parronchi, Paola", "Fontanari, Paolo", "Lavorini, Federico", "Peris, Adriano", "Rossolini, Gian Maria", "Bartoloni, Alessandro", "Romagnani, Sergio", "Liotta, Francesco", "Annunziato, Francesco", "Cosmi, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463803", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. Anti-viral immune response is crucial to achieve pathogen clearance, however in some patients an excessive and aberrant host immune response can lead to an acute respiratory distress syndrome. The comprehension of the mechanisms that regulate pathogen elimination, immunity, and pathology is essential to better characterize disease progression and widen the spectrum of therapeutic options. We performed a flow cytometric characterization of immune cells subsets from 30 COVID-19 patients and correlated these data with clinical outcomes. COVID-19 patients showed decreased numbers of circulating T, B and NK cells, and exhibited a skewing of CD8+ T cells towards a terminally differentiated/senescent phenotype. In agreement, T CD4+, T CD8+ but also NK cells displayed reduced anti-viral cytokine production capability. Moreover, a reduced cytotoxic potential was identified in COVID-19 patients, particularly in those that required intensive care. The latter group of patients showed also increased serum IL-6 levels, that correlated to the frequency of granzyme-expressing NK cells. Off-label treatment with tocilizumab restored the cytotoxic potential of NK cells. In conclusion, the association between IL-6 serum levels and the impairment of cytotoxic activity suggests the possibility that targeting this cytokine may restore anti-viral mechanisms. This study was supported by funds of Dept. of Experimental and Clinical Medicine of University of Florence (ex-60%) derived from Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca (Italy)."}, {"pmid": 32360057, "pmcid": "PMC7165298", "title": "Clarifying appropriate personal protective equipment for obstetric anaesthetists amongst controversy and confusion in COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Lucas, Nuala", "Bampoe, Sohail", "Odor, Peter M"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360057", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315883, "pmcid": "PMC7194889", "title": "Psychological preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic, perspectives from India.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Banerjee, Dr Debanjan"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315883", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32134861, "pmcid": "PMC7153464", "title": "The outbreak of COVID-19: An overview.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Wu, Yi-Chi", "Chen, Ching-Sung", "Chan, Yu-Jiun"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32134861", "countries": ["Thailand", "Korea, Republic of", "Philippines", "China", "Japan", "Viet Nam", "United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, a previous unidentified coronavirus, currently named as the 2019 novel coronavirus#, emerged from Wuhan, China, and resulted in a formidable outbreak in many cities in China and expanded globally, including Thailand, Republic of Korea, Japan, United States, Philippines, Viet Nam, and our country (as of 2/6/2020 at least 25 countries). The disease is officially named as Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19, by WHO on February 11, 2020). It is also named as Severe Pneumonia with Novel Pathogens on January 15, 2019 by the Taiwan CDC, the Ministry of Health and is a notifiable communicable disease of the fifth category. COVID-19 is a potential zoonotic disease with low to moderate (estimated 2%-5%) mortality rate. Person-to-person transmission may occur through droplet or contact transmission and if there is a lack of stringent infection control or if no proper personal protective equipment available, it may jeopardize the first-line healthcare workers. Currently, there is no definite treatment for COVID-19 although some drugs are under investigation. To promptly identify patients and prevent further spreading, physicians should be aware of the travel or contact history of the patient with compatible symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32181903, "pmcid": "PMC7228291", "title": "Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio is associated with prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Qu, Rong", "Ling, Yun", "Zhang, Yi-Hui-Zhi", "Wei, Li-Ya", "Chen, Xiao", "Li, Xu-Mian", "Liu, Xuan-Yong", "Liu, Han-Mian", "Guo, Zhi", "Ren, Hua", "Wang, Qiang"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181903", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, novel coronavirus infected pneumonia emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China. In severe novel coronavirus pneumonia cases, the number of platelets, their dynamic changes during the treatment, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were a concern. We sought to describe the platelet feature of these cases. Single-center case series of the 30 hospitalized patients with confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 in Huizhou municipal central hospital from January 2020 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic, clinical, blood routine results, other laboratory results, and treatment data were collected and analyzed. Outcomes of severe patients and nonsevere patients were compared. Univariate analysis showed that: age, platelet peaks, and PLR at peak platelet were the influencing factors in severe patients, multivariate analysis showed that the PLR value at peak platelet during treatment was an independent influencing factor in severe patients. The average hospitalization day of patients with platelet peaks during treatment was longer than those without platelet peaks (P\u2009<\u2009.05). The average age of patients with platelet peaks during treatment was older than those without platelet peaks (P\u2009<\u2009.05). The patients with significantly elevated platelets during treatment had longer average hospitalization days. And the higher PLR of patients during treatment had longer average hospitalization days. Single-center case series of the 30 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19 in Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, presumed that the number of platelets and their dynamic changes during the treatment may have a suggestion on the severity and prognosis of the disease. The patient with markedly elevated platelets and longer average hospitalization days may be related to the cytokine storm. The PLR of patients means the degree of cytokine storm, which might provide a new indicator in the monitoring in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32434818, "title": "Comorbidities and rheumatological diseases at the time of COVID-19. Response to: 'Rheumatic diseases in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19' by Moiseev et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Monti, Sara", "Montecucco, Carlomaurizio"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434818", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427773, "title": "Rescue Therapy for Severe COVID-19 Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) with Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA): A Case Series.", "journal": "J Trauma Acute Care Surg", "authors": ["Barrett, Christopher D", "Oren-Grinberg, Achikem", "Chao, Edward", "Moraco, Andrew H", "Martin, Matthew J", "Reddy, Srinivas H", "Ilg, Annette M", "Jhunjhunwala, Rashi", "Uribe, Marco", "Moore, Hunter B", "Moore, Ernest E", "Baedorf-Kassis, Elias N", "Krajewski, Megan L", "Talmor, Daniel S", "Shaefi, Shahzad", "Yaffe, Michael B"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427773", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has led to unprecedented stresses on modern medical systems, overwhelming the resource infrastructure in numerous countries while presenting a unique series of pathophysiologic clinical findings. Thrombotic coagulopathy is common in critically ill patients suffering from COVID-19, with associated high rates of respiratory failure requiring prolonged periods of mechanical ventilation. Here we report a case series of five patients suffering from profound, medically refractory COVID-19 associated respiratory failure who were treated with fibrinolytic therapy using tissue plasminogen activator (tPA, Alteplase). All five patients appeared to have an improved respiratory status following tPA administration: one patient had an initial marked improvement that partially regressed after several hours, one patient had transient improvements that were not sustained, and three patients had sustained clinical improvements following tPA administration."}, {"pmid": 32480325, "pmcid": "PMC7200338", "title": "We must not forget the most disadvantaged people facing the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Mansuy, J M", "Izopet, J"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480325", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527790, "title": "Integration of palliative care into COVID-19 pandemic planning.", "journal": "BMJ Support Palliat Care", "authors": ["Fadul, Nada", "Elsayem, Ahmed F", "Bruera, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527790", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to surpass the healthcare system's capacity to provide intensive care to all patients who deteriorate as a result of the disease. This poses a unique challenge to healthcare teams of rationing care during pandemic when resources are scarce. Healthcare providers will need to acquire new skills in care decision making and effective symptom control for patients who do not receive life-saving measures. In this review, we describe some of the important palliative care considerations that need to be incorporated into COVID-19 pandemic planning. The main aspects to be considered include decision algorithms for rationing care, training on effective symptoms management, alternative delivery methods of palliative care services such as telemedicine and finally death and bereavement support for surviving family members who are likely to be isolated from their loved one at the moment of death."}, {"pmid": 32524953, "title": "Could Water and Sanitation Shortfalls Exacerbate SARS-CoV-2 Transmission Risks?", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Odih, Erkison E", "Afolayan, Ayorinde O", "Akintayo, IfeOluwa", "Okeke, Iruka N"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524953", "countries": ["United States", "China", "Nigeria"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, is shed in stool. SARS coronaviruses have been detected in wastewater during outbreaks in China, Europe, and the United States. In this perspective, we outline the risk fecal shedding poses at locations without safely managed sanitation, as in most of Nigeria where we work. We believe that feco-oral transmission could occur if community transmission becomes high and sustained in densely populated cities without proper sanitation in Nigeria and many other African and Asian settings. In the absence of basic sanitation, or where existing sanitation is not safely managed, groundwater, which is often drawn up from wells and boreholes for drinking and household use, can become contaminated with enteric bacteria and viruses from fecal matter. Endemic and epidemic transmission of multiple feco-oral pathogens via this route continues to be documented in areas without safely managed sanitation, and, therefore, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission needs to be evaluated, tracked, and forestalled in such settings. We suggest that fecal matter from treatment facilities and recovered patients should be carefully and properly disposed. Furthermore, environmental surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and accumulated human waste, as well as efforts to mitigate the virus' entry into unprotected household water sources, should be a priority part of the COVID-19 response in settings without safely managed sanitation for the duration of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32507883, "title": "Covid-19: the renin-angiotensin system imbalance hypothesis.", "journal": "Clin Sci (Lond)", "authors": ["Lanza, Katharina", "Perez, Lucas G", "Costa, Larissa B", "Cordeiro, Thiago M", "Palmeira, Vitria A", "Ribeiro, Victor T", "Simoes E Silva, Ana Cristina"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507883", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergency of SARS-CoV-2 in China started a novel challenge to the scientific community. As the virus turns pandemic, scientists try to map the cellular mechanisms and pathways of SARS-CoV-2 related to the pathogenesis of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). After transmembrane angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been found to be SARS-CoV-2 receptor, we hypothesized an immune-hematological mechanism for Covid-19 based on renin-angiotensin system (RAS) imbalance to explain clinical, laboratory and imaging findings on disease course. We believe that exaggerated activation of ACE/Angiotensin II (Ang II)/Angiotensin Type 1 (AT1) receptor RAS axis in line with reduction of ACE2/Angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor may exert a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Covid-19. In this perspective, we discuss potential mechanisms and evidence on this hypothesis."}, {"pmid": 32392351, "title": "Movie Night! An entertaining online educational method for introducing students to common presentations in neurology.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Lubarsky, Stuart"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392351", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235161, "title": "COVID-19 and Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Global Experience and Provisional Guidance (March 2020) from the Paediatric IBD Porto group of ESPGHAN.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Turner, Dan", "Huang, Ying", "Martin-de-Carpi, Javier", "Aloi, Marina", "Focht, Gili", "Kang, Ben", "Zhou, Ying", "Sanchez, Cesar", "Kappelman, Michael D", "Uhlig, Holm H", "Pujol-Muncunill, Gemma", "Ledder, Oren", "Lionetti, Paolo", "Dias, Jorge Amil", "Ruemmele, Frank M", "Russell, Richard K"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235161", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32345750, "title": "Impending Shortages of Kidney Replacement Therapy for COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Clin J Am Soc Nephrol", "authors": ["Goldfarb, David S", "Benstein, Judith A", "Zhdanova, Olga", "Hammer, Elizabeth", "Block, Clay A", "Caplin, Nina J", "Thompson, Nathan", "Charytan, David M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345750", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427154, "pmcid": "PMC7227585", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine-based treatments in the CoViD-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Bull Acad Natl Med", "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427154", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378705, "pmcid": "PMC7225408", "title": "A virus that has gone viral: amino acid mutation in S protein of Indian isolate of Coronavirus COVID-19 might impact receptor binding, and thus, infectivity.", "journal": "Biosci Rep", "authors": ["Saha, Priyanka", "Banerjee, Arup Kumar", "Tripathi, Prem Prakash", "Srivastava, Amit Kumar", "Ray, Upasana"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378705", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since 2002, \u03b2 coronaviruses (CoVs) have caused three zoonotic outbreaks, SARS-CoV in 2002, MERS-CoV in 2012, and the recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 late in 2019 (also named as COVID-19 or novel coronavirus 2019 or nCoV2019). Spike (S) protein, one of the structural proteins of this virus plays key role in receptor (ACE2) binding and thus virus entry. Thus, this protein has attracted scientists for detailed study and therapeutic targeting. As the nCoV2019 takes its course throughout the world, more and more sequence analyses are being done and genome sequences are being deposited in various databases. From India, two clinical isolates have been sequenced and the full genome has been deposited in GenBank. We have performed sequence analyses of the Spike protein of the Indian isolates and compared with that of the Wuhan, China (where the outbreak was first reported). While all the sequences of Wuhan isolates are identical, we found point mutations in the Indian isolates. Out of the two isolates, one was found to harbor a mutation in its receptor-binding domain (RBD) at position 407. At this site, arginine (a positively charged amino acid) was replaced by isoleucine (a hydrophobic amino acid that is also a C-\u03b2 branched amino acid). This mutation has been seen to change the secondary structure of the protein at that region and this can potentially alter receptor binding of the virus. Although this finding needs further validation and more sequencing, the information might be useful in rational drug designing and vaccine engineering."}, {"pmid": 32277272, "pmcid": "PMC7147145", "title": "How to Handle a COVID-19 Patient in the Angiographic Suite.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Ierardi, Anna Maria", "Wood, Bradford J", "Gaudino, Chiara", "Angileri, Salvatore Alessio", "Jones, Elizabeth C", "Hausegger, Klaus", "Carrafiello, Gianpaolo"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277272", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a single-center report on coordination of staff and handling of patients during the outbreak of the COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) in a region with high incidence and prevalence of disease. The selection of procedures for interventional radiology (IR), preparation of staff and interventional suite before the arrival of patients, the facility ventilation systems and intra- and post-procedural workflow optimization are described. The control measures described may increase the cost of the equipment, prolong procedural times and increase technical difficulties. However, these precautions may help control the spread of COVID-19 within the healthcare facility."}, {"pmid": 32475066, "title": "Two Detailed Plaque Assay Protocols for the Quantification of Infectious SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Curr Protoc Microbiol", "authors": ["Mendoza, Emelissa J", "Manguiat, Kathy", "Wood, Heidi", "Drebot, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475066", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the causal agent of COronaVIrus Disease-19 (COVID-19), an atypical pneumonia-like syndrome that emerged in December 2019. While SARS-CoV-2 titers can be measured by detection of viral nucleic acid, this method is unable to quantitate infectious virions. Measurement of infectious SARS-CoV-2 can be achieved by tissue culture infectious dose-50 (TCID50 ), which detects the presence or absence of cytopathic effect in cells infected with serial dilutions of a virus specimen. However, this method only provides a qualitative infectious virus titer. Plaque assays are a quantitative method of measuring infectious SARS-CoV-2 by quantifying the plaques formed in cell culture upon infection with serial dilutions of a virus specimen. As such, plaque assays remain the gold standard in quantifying concentrations of replication-competent lytic virions. Here, we describe two detailed plaque assay protocols to quantify infectious SARS-CoV-2 using different overlay and staining methods. Both methods have several advantages and disadvantages, which can be considered when choosing the procedure best suited for each laboratory. These assays can be used for several research purposes, including titration of virus stocks produced from infected cell supernatant and, with further optimization, quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in specimens collected from infected animals. \u00a9 2019 The Authors. Basic Protocol: SARS-CoV-2 plaque assay using a solid double overlay method Alternate Protocol: SARS-CoV-2 plaque assay using a liquid overlay and fixation-staining method."}, {"pmid": 32382356, "pmcid": "PMC7203542", "title": "Circumnavigating the challenges of COVID-19 in oncology.", "journal": "Memo", "authors": ["Fuereder, Thorsten", "Gunsilius, Eberhard", "Bartsch, Rupert", "Hilbe, Wolfgang"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382356", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523144, "title": "Protocol for the prevention of ventricular arrhythmias due to treatment in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Cueva-Parra, Angel", "Neach-de-la-Vega, Diego", "Ortiz-Solis, William", "Fernandez-Domenech, Jose", "Lara-Aguilera, Selene", "Chi-Pool, Sandra", "Munoz-Benavides, Guillermo", "Bustillos-Garcia, Gabriela", "Marquez-Murillo, Manlio", "Gomez-Flores, Jorge", "Levinstein-Jacinto, Moises", "Mendoza-G, Celso", "Nava-Townsend, Santiago"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523144", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32022275, "pmcid": "PMC7166327", "title": "The first two cases of 2019-nCoV in Italy: Where they come from?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Giovanetti, Marta", "Benvenuto, Domenico", "Angeletti, Silvia", "Ciccozzi, Massimo"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32022275", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel Coronavirus, 2019-nCoV, has been identified as the causal pathogen of an ongoing epidemic, with the first cases reported in Wuhan, China, last December 2019, and has since spread to other countries worldwide, included Europe and very recently Italy. In this short report, phylogenetic reconstruction was used to better understand the transmission dynamics of the virus from its first introduction in China focusing on the more recent evidence of infection in a couple of Chinese tourists arrived in Italy on 23rd January 2020 and labeled as Coronavirus Italian cases. A maximum clade credibility tree has been built using a dataset of 54 genome sequences of 2019-nCoV plus two closely related bat strains (SARS-like CoV) available in GenBank. Bayesian time-scaled phylogenetic analysis was implemented in BEAST 1.10.4. The Bayesian phylogenetic reconstruction showed that\u00a02019-2020 nCoV firstly introduced in Wuhan on 25 November 2019, started epidemic transmission reaching many countries worldwide, including Europe and Italy where the two strains isolated dated back 19 January 2020, the same that the Chinese tourists arrived in Italy. Strains isolated outside China were intermixed with strains isolated in China as evidence of likely imported cases in Rome, Italy, and Europe, as well. In conclusion, this report suggests that further spread of 2019-nCoV epidemic was supported by human mobility and that quarantine of suspected or diagnosed cases is useful to prevent further transmission. Viral genome phylogenetic analysis represents a useful tool for the evaluation of transmission dynamics and preventive action."}, {"pmid": 32505516, "title": "Loneliness and Isolation in Long-term Care and the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Dir Assoc", "authors": ["Simard, Joyce", "Volicer, Ladislav"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505516", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322402, "pmcid": "PMC7171523", "title": "Review on the global epidemiological situation and the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "New Microbes New Infect", "authors": ["Saqrane, S", "El Mhammedi, M A"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322402", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Covid-19 disease is caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus belonging to the coronavirus family. Covid-19 is so new that there is currently no specific vaccine or treatment. Clinical trials are currently underway. In\u00a0vitro tests are also being conducted to assess the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of this epidemic, which is considered a pandemic by the WHO. We note that the content of this review is dated. The information it contains is subject to change and modification as the epidemic progresses."}, {"pmid": 32321635, "pmcid": "PMC7167223", "title": "Old and new antirheumatic drugs for the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Joint Bone Spine", "authors": ["Benucci, Maurizio", "Damiani, Arianna", "Infantino, Maria", "Manfredi, Mariangela", "Quartuccio, Luca"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321635", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32510880, "title": "Staff Morale and Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Yahya, Ahmed Saeed", "Khawaja, Shakil", "Chukwuma, Jude"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510880", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32469687, "title": "Silver Linings: An Opportunity to Improve Clinical Paradigms After the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JCO Oncol Pract", "authors": ["Hoffman, Hannah I", "Guo, Jimmy A", "Hawkins, Maria A", "Bridgewater, John A", "Wo, Jennifer Y", "Hong, Theodore S", "Hwang, William L"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469687", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410768, "pmcid": "PMC7221384", "title": "[Statistical and mathematical modeling in the Coronavirus epidemic: some considerations to minimize biases in the results].", "journal": "Arch Bronconeumol", "authors": ["Matabuena, Marcos", "Padilla, Oscar Hernan Madrid", "Gonzalez-Barcala, Francisco-Javier"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410768", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483084, "title": "COVID-19 Infection Is a Diagnostic Challenge in Infants With Ileocecal Intussusception.", "journal": "Pediatr Emerg Care", "authors": ["Martinez-Castano, Irene", "Calabuig-Barbero, Elena", "Gonzalvez-Pinera, Jeronimo", "Lopez-Ayala, Jose Maria"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483084", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378805, "pmcid": "PMC7267590", "title": "COVID-19 and toxicity from potential treatments: Panacea or poison.", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["Wong, Anselm"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378805", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been increasingly spreading from its origin in Wuhan, China to many countries around the world eventuating in morbidity and mortality affecting millions of people. This pandemic has proven to be a challenge given that there is no immediate cure, no vaccine is currently available and medications or treatments being used are still undergoing clinical trials. There have already been examples of self-medication and overdose. Clearly, there is a need to further define the efficacy of treatments used in the management of COVID-19. This evidence needs to be backed by large randomised-controlled clinical trials. In the meantime, there will no doubt be further off-label use of these medications by patients and practitioners and possibly related toxicity."}, {"pmid": 32319880, "pmcid": "PMC7191256", "title": "Transparency and information sharing could help abate the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Rahimi, Farid", "Talebi Bezmin Abadi, Amin"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319880", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354799, "pmcid": "PMC7211096", "title": "COVID-19 and acute myocardial injury: the heart of the matter or an innocent bystander?", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Cheng, Richard", "Leedy, Douglas"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354799", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349982, "title": "Systemic sclerosis and the COVID-19 pandemic: World Scleroderma Foundation preliminary advice for patient management.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Matucci-Cerinic, Marco", "Bruni, Cosimo", "Allanore, Yannick", "Clementi, Massimo", "Dagna, Lorenzo", "Damjanov, Nemanja S", "de Paulis, Amato", "Denton, Christopher P", "Distler, Oliver", "Fox, David", "Furst, Daniel E", "Khanna, Dinesh", "Krieg, Thomas", "Kuwana, Masataka", "Lee, Eun Bong", "Li, Mengtao", "Pillai, Shiv", "Wang, Yukai", "Zeng, Xiaofeng", "Taliani, Gloria"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349982", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Due to the frequent presence of interstitial lung disease and widespread use of immunosuppressive treatment, systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients may be considered at risk for a more severe disease course and higher mortality when they develop Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infection. Therefore, with World Scleroderma Foundation endorsement, experts from different specialties including rheumatology, virology and clinical immunology gathered virtually to answer to the main practical clinical questions regarding SARS-CoV-2 infection coming from both patients and physicians. This preliminary advice is aligned with other national and international recommendations, adapted for SSc patients."}, {"pmid": 32410285, "pmcid": "PMC7272979", "title": "A retrospective study on the epidemiological characteristics and establishment of an early warning system of severe COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yang, Ping", "Wang, Pengfei", "Song, Yuyan", "Zhang, An", "Yuan, Guodan", "Cui, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410285", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper estimates the magnitude of an informational friction limiting credit reallocation to firms during the 2007-2009 financial crisis. Because lenders rely on private information when deciding which relationship to end, borrowers looking for a new lender are adversely selected. I show how to identify private information separately from information common to all lenders but unobservable to the econometrician by using bank shocks within a discrete choice model of relationships. Quantitatively, these informational frictions seem too small to explain the credit crunch in the U.S. syndicated corporate loan market."}, {"pmid": 32383776, "pmcid": "PMC7267672", "title": "Patient Follow-up after Discharge after COVID-19 Pneumonia: Considerations for Infectious Control.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zheng, Zhong", "Yao, Zhixian", "Wu, Ke", "Zheng, Junhua"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383776", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a significant global medical issue, with a growing number of cumulative confirmed cases. However, a large number of COVID-19 patients have overcome the disease, meeting hospital discharge criteria, and are gradually returning to work and social life. Nonetheless, COVID-19 may cause further downstream issues in these patients, such as due to possible reactivation of the virus, long-term pulmonary defects, and post-traumatic stress disorder. In this study, we therefore queried relevant literature concerning SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 for reference to come to a consensus on follow-up strategies. We found that strategies such as implementation of PCR testing, imaging surveillance, and psychological assessments, starting at the time of discharge, were necessary for long-term follow-up. If close care is given to every aspect of coronavirus management, we expect that the pandemic outbreak will soon be overcome. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32533847, "title": "An Illustration of SARS-CoV-2 Dissemination Within a Skilled Nursing Facility Using Heat Maps.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Blackman, Carolyn", "Farber, Sharon", "Feifer, Richard A", "Mor, Vincent", "White, Elizabeth M"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533847", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To illustrate dissemination and asymptomatic transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during a skilled nursing facility (SNF) outbreak. Case report. Residents of a 150-bed SNF. Heat maps generated by the SNF's infection prevention team to track staff and resident symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 test results to identify infection patterns. The SNF experienced a severe outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 early in the pandemic. The initial cluster of residents with symptoms and the first confirmed case occurred on the SNF's dementia care unit. The insufficient availability and prolonged turnaround time of testing for both residents and staff at the outset of the outbreak prevented timely and accurate identification and cohorting of cases. Despite extensive other infection control measures being in place, SARS-CoV-2 disseminated widely through the facility within 3\u2009weeks of the first confirmed case, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Early, rapid, universal SARS-CoV-2 testing of both SNF residents and staff at the outset of an outbreak and then repeatedly thereafter is critical to mitigate viral transmission. This will become even more important as states relax stay-at-home orders and SNF staff intermingle with communities that are increasingly mobile. Increased testing will inevitably result in more staff testing positive and having to self-quarantine at home, meaning that states must partner with SNFs and other long-term care providers to coordinate and support strategic staffing reserves that can supplement current frontline staff."}, {"pmid": 32376643, "title": "Postpartum exacerbation of antenatal COVID-19 pneumonia in 3 women.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["An, Peng", "Wood, Bradford J", "Li, Wei", "Zhang, Min", "Ye, Yingjian"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376643", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334084, "pmcid": "PMC7194665", "title": "Incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and countries affected by malarial infections.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ahmed, Anwar E"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334084", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315733, "pmcid": "PMC7166030", "title": "Elevated Troponin in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019: Possible Mechanisms.", "journal": "J Card Fail", "authors": ["Tersalvi, Gregorio", "Vicenzi, Marco", "Calabretta, Davide", "Biasco, Luigi", "Pedrazzini, Giovanni", "Winterton, Dario"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315733", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic that has affected more than 1.8 million people worldwide, overwhelmed health care systems owing to the high proportion of critical presentations, and resulted in more than 100,000 deaths. Since the first data analyses in China, elevated cardiac troponin has been noted in a substantial proportion of patients, implicating myocardial injury as a possible pathogenic mechanism contributing to severe illness and mortality. Accordingly, high troponin levels are associated with increased mortality in patients with COVID-19. This brief review explores the available evidence regarding the association between COVID-19 and myocardial injury."}, {"pmid": 32220344, "pmcid": "PMC7118537", "title": "COVID-19 in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Jin, Xiang-Hong", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Pan, Ke-Hua", "Xie, Yu-Peng", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220344", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32202241, "title": "Therapies used in rheumatology with relevance to coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Pires da Rosa, Gilberto", "Ferreira, Ester"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32202241", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455515, "title": "[Clinical feature changes of a COVID-19 patient from mild to critical condition and cardiopulmonary pathological results].", "journal": "Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Jiang, S W", "Gao, H", "Wu, L", "Wang, G W", "Cen, F L", "Li, J X", "Feng, C", "Wen, J M", "Chen, Y", "He, R L", "Qiao, K", "Wang, Y", "Liu, Y X", "Wang, Z Q"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455515", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To analyse the clinical history, laboratory tests and pathological data of a patient who suffered from novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19) and provide reference for the clinical treatment of similar cases. Methods: Data of clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, bronchoscopy, echocardiography and cardiopulmonary pathological results were retrospectively reviewed in a case of COVID-19 with rapid exacerbation from mild to critical condition. Results: This patient hospitalized at day 9 post 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) infection, experienced progressive deterioration from mild to severe at day 11, severe to critical at day 18 and underwent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) and continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT) as well as heart lung transplantation during day 28-45 day post infection, and died on the second day post heart and lung transplantation. The patient had suffered from hypertension for 8 years. At the early stage of the disease, his symptoms were mild and the inflammatory indices increased and the lymphocyte count decreased continuously. The patient's condition exacerbated rapidly with multi-organ infections, and eventually developed pulmonary hemorrhage and consolidation, pulmonary hypertension, right heart failure, malignant ventricular arrhythmias, liver dysfunction, etc. His clinical manifestations could not be improved despite viral RNAs test results became negative. The patient underwent lung and heart transplantation and finally died of multi organ failure at the second day post lung and heart transplantation. Pathological examination indicated massive mucus, dark red secretions and blood clots in bronchus. The pathological changes were mainly diffused pulmonary hemorrhagic injuries and necrosis, fibrosis, small vessel disease with cardiac edema and lymphocyte infiltration. Conclusions: The clinical course of COVID-19 can exacerbate rapidly from mild to critical with lung, liver and heart injuries. Steadily increased inflammation indices are suggestive of irreversible disease progression and worse outcome. In the early stages of the disease, the progress of the disease should be closely observed and evaluated, and the factors related to the progress of the disease should be identified and managed."}, {"pmid": 32430154, "pmcid": "PMC7192140", "title": "Hypolipidemia is associated with the severity of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Lipidol", "authors": ["Wei, Xiuqi", "Zeng, Wenjuan", "Su, Jingyu", "Wan, Huimin", "Yu, Xinqin", "Cao, Xiaoling", "Tan, Wenbin", "Wang, Hui"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430154", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Many patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suffer multiple organ dysfunctions. However, whether patients develop dyslipidemia is unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the pathological alterations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and total cholesterol (TC) in COVID-19 patients and their relationships with the disease severity. A retrospective study was performed to examine serum levels of LDL-c, HDL-c, and TC on 597 COVID-19 patients (mild: 394; severe, 171; critical: 32) who were hospitalized in our center between February 1 and March 3, 2020. Age- and gender-matched normal subjects (n\u00a0=\u00a050) who had routine laboratory lipid tests between October 1 and November 1, 2019 in our center were included as the control group. LDL-c and TC levels were significantly lower in COVID-19 patients as compared with normal subjects (P\u00a0<\u00a0.001). There were significant and gradual decreases in levels of LDL-c (median (IQR) in mg/dL, mild: 91 (76, 104); severe: 86 (69, 102); critical: 69 (48, 81); P\u00a0<\u00a0.02) and TC (mild: 173 (148, 203); severe: 167 (138, 197); critical: 125 (95, 162); P\u00a0<\u00a0.05) across all three groups. HDL-c levels only decreased significantly in critical cases as compared with levels in mild and severe cases. LDL-c and TC levels inversely correlated with C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, and positively correlated with the number of lymphocytes in patients. Development of hypolipidemia begins in patients with mild symptoms. It progressively becomes worse in an association with the disease severity."}, {"pmid": 32407771, "pmcid": "PMC7213968", "title": "Acute Myocardial Injury at Hospital Admission is Associated with All-cause Mortality in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Ni, Wentao", "Yang, Xiuwen", "Liu, Jie", "Bao, Jing", "Li, Ran", "Xu, Yu", "Guo, Wei", "Hu, Yi", "Gao, Zhancheng"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407771", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387345, "pmcid": "PMC7199703", "title": "At the height of the storm: Healthcare staff's health conditions and job satisfaction and their associated predictors during the epidemic peak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Zhang, Stephen X", "Liu, Jing", "Afshar Jahanshahi, Asghar", "Nawaser, Khaled", "Yousefi, Ali", "Li, Jizhen", "Sun, Shuhua"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387345", "countries": ["China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study reports the physical health, mental health, anxiety, depression, distress, and job satisfaction of healthcare staff in Iran when the country faced its highest number of total active COVID-19 cases. In a sample of 304 healthcare staff (doctors, nurses, radiologists, technicians, etc.), we found a sizable portion reached the cutoff levels of disorders in anxiety (28.0%), depression (30.6%), and distress (20.1%). Age, gender, education, access to PPE (personal protective equipment), healthcare institutions (public vs. private), and individual status of COVID-19 infection each predicted some but not all the outcome variables of SF-12, PHQ-4, K6, and job satisfaction. The healthcare workers varied greatly in their access to PPE and in their status of COVID-19 infection: negative (69.7%), unsure (28.0%), and positive (2.3%). The predictors were also different from those identified in previous studies of healthcare staff during the COVID-19 crisis in China. This study helps to identify the healthcare staff in need to enable more targeted help as healthcare staff in many countries are facing peaks in their COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32391243, "pmcid": "PMC7206437", "title": "The first case of COVID-19 occurring as community-acquired pneumonia in Hokkaido, Japan and our preventive measures against nosocomial infection.", "journal": "Respir Med Case Rep", "authors": ["Yokoo, Keiki", "Sugaya, Fumiko", "Matsuzaka, Suguru", "Ueda, Kentaro", "Kamimura, Ryosuke", "Yokoyama, Takeshi", "Ambo, Yoshiyasu", "Yamada, Gen", "Narita, Yoshiaki"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391243", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a case of a 59-year-old man with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). He had visited a hospital for fever and cough and been treated with antibiotics for pneumonia in the right upper lobe. However, he gradually progressed to dyspnea and consulted our hospital. His chest radiographs showed bilateral pneumonia shadows and his CT showed ground glass opacities and consolidation. Although we treated him with broad-spectrum antibiotics, the pneumonia shadow rapidly progressed and mechanical ventilation was administered. We collected sputum from the bronchus using bronchoscopy to detect microorganisms, and RT-PCR tests confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. He was transferred to a designated hospital. In order to prevent the occurrence of nosocomial infections, close contacts within the hospital and medical staff were suspended from their work for two weeks. No secondary infection with COVID-19 appeared. This was the first case of COVID-19 occurring as community-acquired pneumonia in Hokkaido, Japan."}, {"pmid": 32387699, "pmcid": "PMC7202320", "title": "Three alternative ways to screen for hyperglycaemia in pregnancy during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab", "authors": ["Vambergue, A", "Jacqueminet, S", "Lamotte, M-F", "Lamiche-Lorenzini, F", "Brunet, C", "Deruelle, P", "Vayssiere, C", "Cosson, E"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387699", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415348, "pmcid": "PMC7225247", "title": "Proposal of a timing strategy for cholesteatoma surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["George, Mercy", "Alexander, Arun", "Mathew, John", "Iyer, Arunachalam", "Waterval, Jerome", "Simon, Christian", "Marchioni, Daniele", "Maire, Raphael"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415348", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 infection is an aggressive viral illness with high risk of transmission during otolaryngology examination and surgery. Cholesteatoma is known for its potential to cause complications and scheduling of surgery during the pandemic must be done carefully. The majority of otological surgeries may be classified as elective and postponed at this time (e.g., stapedotomy, tympanoplasty); whereas, others are emergencies (e.g., complicated acute otitis media, complicated cholesteatoma with cerebral or Bezold's abscess, meningitis, sinus thrombosis) and require immediate intervention. What is the ideal time for the surgical management of Cholesteatoma during the COVID-19 pandemic? Senior otologic surgeons from six teaching hospitals from various countries affected by the COVID-19 from around the world met remotely to make recommendations on reorganizing schedules for the treatment of cholesteatoma which has a risk of severe morbidity and mortality. The recommendations are based on their experiences and on available literature. Due to the high risk of infecting the surgical staff it is prudent to stop all elective ear surgeries and plan cholesteatoma surgery after careful selection of patients, based on the extent of the disease and available resources. Specific precautions including use of appropriate personal protection equipment should be followed when operating on all patients during the pandemic. To facilitate the decision-making in the management of cholesteatoma, timing for surgery can be divided into two categories with 3 and 2 sub-groups based on disease severity. Evidence on the timing of surgery of patients with cholesteatoma during the COVID-19 pandemic is lacking. This manuscript contains practical tips on how cholesteatoma surgery can be reorganized during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32208138, "pmcid": "PMC7118529", "title": "Novel Screening and Triage Strategy in Iran During Deadly Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic: Value of Humanitarian Teleconsultation Service.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Davarpanah, Amir H", "Mahdavi, Arash", "Sabri, Ali", "Langroudi, Taraneh Faghihi", "Kahkouee, Shahram", "Haseli, Sara", "Kazemi, Mohammad Ali", "Mehrian, Payam", "Mahdavi, Ali", "Falahati, Farahnaz", "Tuchayi, Abuzar Moradi", "Bakhshayeshkaram, Mehrdad", "Taheri, Morteza Sanei"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208138", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442317, "title": "The case for Chronotherapy in COVID-19 induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Tamimi, Faleh", "Abusamak, Mohammad", "Akkanti, Bindu", "Chen, Zheng", "Yoo, Seung-Hee", "Karmouty-Quintana, Harry"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442317", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the disease resulting from infection by a novel coronavirus: SARS-Cov2 that has rapidly spread since November 2019 leading to a global pandemic. SARS-Cov2 has infected over 4 million people and caused over 290,000 deaths worldwide. Although most cases are mild, a subset of patients develop a severe and atypical presentation of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) that is characterised by a cytokine release storm (CRS). Paradoxically, treatment with anti-inflammatory agents and immune regulators has been associated with worsening of ARDS. We hypothesize that the intrinsic circadian clock of the lung and the immune system may regulate individual components of CRS and thus chronotherapy may be used to effectively manage ARDS in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32298745, "pmcid": "PMC7194512", "title": "Successful treatment of plasma exchange followed by intravenous immunogloblin in a critically ill patient with 2019 novel coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Shi, Hua", "Zhou, Chaomin", "He, Pinghong", "Huang, Sheng", "Duan, Youjun", "Wang, Xuesheng", "Lin, Kexiong", "Zhou, Chao", "Zhang, Xiangyan", "Zha, Yan"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298745", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a case of a laboratory-confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus infected (known as COVID-19) patient who developed respiratory failure and shock accompanied by persistent diarrhoea despite conventional therapeutic interventions. The patient avoided mechanical ventilation and acquired an immediate clinical and radiological improvement, after treatment of intensive plasma exchange (PE) followed by intravenous immunogloblin (IVIG). Successful therapeutic strategies in our case suggest timely initiating PE treatment followed by IVIG in critically ill patients with COVID-19 may prevent the disease from worsening and help to reduce the requirements for mechanical ventilation and intensive supportive care. What's more, it may improve poor clinical outcomes of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32440516, "pmcid": "PMC7231113", "title": "Outpatient strategies and the changing SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.", "journal": "ERJ Open Res", "authors": ["Wei, Yanqiu", "Li, Gang", "Li, Juan", "Chu, Jiaojiao", "Yue, Huihui", "Zhang, Fengqin", "Zhang, Huilan"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440516", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the early outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, online fever clinics were set up. Then, an online face-to-face consultation was developed to solve the extreme difficulty of getting medical services to patients with chronic diseases. http://bit.ly/3cPppai."}, {"pmid": 32192711, "pmcid": "PMC7118662", "title": "Emergency Caesarean delivery in a patient with confirmed COVID-19 under spinal anaesthesia.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Xia, Haifa", "Zhao, Shuai", "Wu, Zhouyang", "Luo, Huilin", "Zhou, Cheng", "Chen, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192711", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405518, "pmcid": "PMC7217765", "title": "Preliminary pragmatic lessons from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic from France.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Gauss, Tobias", "Pasquier, Pierre", "Joannes-Boyau, Olivier", "Constantin, Jean-Michel", "Langeron, Olivier", "Bouzat, Pierre", "Pottecher, Julien"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405518", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic required an unprecedented and historic increase in critical care capacity on a global scale in France. Authors and members from the ACUTE and REANIMATION committees of the French Society of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care (SFAR) wished to share experience and insights gained during the first weeks of this pandemic. These were summarised following the World Health Organization Response Checklist and detailed according to the subsequent subheadings: 1. Command and Control, 2. Communication, 3. Safety and Security, 4. Triage, 5. Surge Capacity, 6. Continuity of essential services, 7. Human resources, 8. Logistics and supply management, 9. Training/Preparation, 10. Psychological comfort for patients and next of kin, 11. Learning and 12. Post disaster recovery. These experience-based recommendations, consensual across all members from both committees of our national society, establish a practical framework for medical teams, either spared by the first wave of severe COVID patients or preparing for the second one."}, {"pmid": 32414646, "pmcid": "PMC7201239", "title": "ACE2 receptor polymorphism: Susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, hypertension, multi-organ failure, and COVID-19 disease outcome.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Devaux, Christian A", "Rolain, Jean-Marc", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414646", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged in Chinese people in December 2019 and has currently spread worldwide causing the COVID-19 pandemic with more than 150,000 deaths. In order for a SARS-CoV like virus circulating in wild life for a very long time to infect the index case-patient, a number of conditions must be met, foremost among which is the encounter with humans and the presence in homo sapiens of a cellular receptor allowing the virus to bind. Recently it was shown that the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, binds to the human angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). This molecule is a peptidase expressed at the surface of lung epithelial cells and other tissues, that regulates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Humans are not equal with respect to the expression levels of the cellular ACE2. Moreover, ACE2 polymorphisms were recently described in human populations. Here we review the most recent evidence that ACE2 expression and/or polymorphism could influence both the susceptibility of people to SARS-CoV-2 infection and the outcome of the COVID-19 disease. Further exploration of the relationship between the virus, the peptidase function of ACE2 and the levels of angiotensin II in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients should help to better understand the pathophysiology of the disease and the multi-organ failures observed in severe COVID-19 cases, particularly heart failure."}, {"pmid": 32476547, "title": "Strategic Deployment of Cardiology Fellows-in-Training Using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education COVID-19 Framework.", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Gallagher, Michael J", "Bloomingdale, Richard", "Berman, Aaron D", "Williamson, Brian D", "Dixon, Simon R", "Safian, Robert D"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476547", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting more than 3 million people in over 170 countries, resulting in more than 200,000 deaths; 35-40% of patients and deaths are in the United States. The COVID-19 crisis is placing an enormous burden on healthcare in the United States, including residency and fellowship training programs. The balance between mitigation, training and education, and patient care are the ultimate determinants of the role of cardiology fellows-in-training (FIT) during the COVID-19 crisis. On March 24, 2020 the Accreditation Council Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) issued a formal response to the pandemic crisis and described a framework for operation of GME programs. Guidance for deployment of cardiology FIT during the COVID-19 crisis is based on the principles of a medical mission, and adherence to preparation, protection, and support of our FIT. The purpose of this review is to describe our departmental strategic deployment of C-FIT using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) framework for pandemic preparedness."}, {"pmid": 32520107, "title": "COVID-19 in the city of Rio de Janeiro: spatial analysis of first confirmed cases and deaths.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Cavalcante, Joao Roberto", "Abreu, Ariane de Jesus Lopes de"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520107", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "to describe the spatial distribution of the first confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths in Rio de Janeiro. this was an ecological study of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases and deaths between March 6thand April 10th, 2020. Incidence, mortality, lethality, excess risk and global and local Moran rates were calculated. 1,808 confirmed cases and 92 confirmed deaths were recorded. The COVID-19 incidence rate was 26.8/100,000 inhab., the mortality rate was 1.36/100,000 inhab. and lethality rate 5%. The incidence rate in eight neighborhoods was 4-12 times higher than the overall rate for the municipality: Jo\u00e1, in the city's Western Zone; Cosme Velho, G\u00e1vea, Ipanema, Jardim Bot\u00e2nico, Lagoa, Leblon and S\u00e3o Conrado, in its Southern Zone. high risk of COVID-19 infection and deaths was found in neighborhoods in the Southern Zone of the city of Rio de Janeiro. Neighborhoods in the Northern Zone of the city also stand out in relation to high risk of death."}, {"pmid": 32372041, "title": "Coronavirus: remote technology spares Chinese clinicians.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Cai, Guoen", "Cai, Guofa"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372041", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220202, "title": "Clinical Characteristics of Covid-19 in China.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Zavascki, Alexandre P", "Falci, Diego R"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220202", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32075783, "title": "Letter from China: covid-19 on the grapevine, on the internet, and in commerce.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mowbray, Heather"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32075783", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412415, "pmcid": "PMC7265655", "title": "A Snapshot of SARS-CoV-2 Genome Availability up to April 2020 and its Implications: Data Analysis.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Mavian, Carla", "Marini, Simone", "Prosperi, Mattia", "Salemi, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412415", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has been growing exponentially, affecting over 4 million people and causing enormous distress to economies and societies worldwide. A plethora of analyses based on viral sequences has already been published both in scientific journals and through non-peer-reviewed channels to investigate the genetic heterogeneity and spatiotemporal dissemination of SARS-CoV-2. However, a systematic investigation of phylogenetic information and sampling bias in the available data is lacking. Although the number of available genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 is growing daily and the sequences show increasing phylogenetic information, country-specific data still present severe limitations and should be interpreted with caution. The objective of this study was to determine the quality of the currently available SARS-CoV-2 full genome data in terms of sampling bias as well as phylogenetic and temporal signals to inform and guide the scientific community. We used maximum likelihood-based methods to assess the presence of sufficient information for robust phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies in several SARS-CoV-2 sequence alignments assembled from GISAID (Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data) data released between March and April 2020. Although the number of high-quality full genomes is growing daily, and sequence data released in April 2020 contain sufficient phylogenetic information to allow reliable inference of phylogenetic relationships, country-specific SARS-CoV-2 data sets still present severe limitations. At the present time, studies assessing within-country spread or transmission clusters should be considered preliminary or hypothesis-generating at best. Hence, current reports should be interpreted with caution, and concerted efforts should continue to increase the number and quality of sequences required for robust tracing of the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32423976, "title": "Covid-19: \"Unacceptable\" that antibody test claims cannot be scrutinised, say experts.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423976", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488905, "title": "Beyond COVID-19: How the 'dismal science' can prepare us for the future.", "journal": "Health Econ", "authors": ["Chilton, Susan", "Nielsen, Jytte Seested", "Wildman, John"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488905", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392623, "title": "Time to Leverage Health System Collaborations: Supporting Nursing Facilities Through the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Unroe, Kathleen T", "Vest, Joshua"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392623", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426363, "pmcid": "PMC7204382", "title": "Age-Dependent Risks of Incidence and Mortality of COVID-19 in Hubei Province and Other Parts of China.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Li, Hongdou", "Wang, Shuang", "Zhong, Fan", "Bao, Wuyin", "Li, Yipeng", "Liu, Lei", "Wang, Hongyan", "He, Yungang"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426363", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic of early 2020 poses an enormous challenge to global public health. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the virus has spread rapidly throughout the world, taking thousands of lives in just over 2 months. It is critical to refine the incidence and mortality risks of COVID-19 for the effective management of the general public and patients during the outbreak. In this report, we investigate the incidence and mortality risks of the infection by analyzing the age composition of 5,319 infected patients, 76 fatal cases, and 1,144,648 individuals of the general public in China. Our results show a relatively low incidence risk for young people but a very high mortality risk for seniors. Notably, mortality risk could be as high as 0.48 for people older than 80 years. Furthermore, our study suggests that a good medical service can effectively reduce the mortality rate of the viral infection to 1% or less."}, {"pmid": 32288357, "pmcid": "PMC7136889", "title": "Modeling and forecasting of epidemic spreading: The case of Covid-19 and beyond.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Boccaletti, Stefano", "Ditto, William", "Mindlin, Gabriel", "Atangana, Abdon"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32288357", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515387, "title": "Radiology of COVID-19 - Imaging the pulmonary damage.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Sohail, Saba"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515387", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A large part of the world is presently in the grip of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 virus), declared a pandemic in March 2020. This document is a brief commentary of the imaging modalities used in the screening, diagnosis and management of COVID-19 pneumonia. Chest x-rays, especially portable, still form a part of majority of official guidelines, with reports of the suggestive radiologic features. The potential of CT scan and ultrasound is also realised, with earlier detection rate. Typical radiologic findings of bilateral, asymmetrical, crazy-paved ground glass opacification, consolidation, reverse halo sign, opacities, progressing to fibrosis are well described for both the X-ray and CT scan. Atypical findings include airway changes, pleural effusion, pulmonary nodules and acute pulmonary embolism. Absence of lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion and pneumothorax is notable. The role of portable lung ultrasound, reported to be useful in emergency, is yet to be established in the guidelines. Disinfection of the equipment is a major concern. Governmental guidelines still advocate X-ray despite professional societies increasingly recommending CT scan."}, {"pmid": 32246834, "title": "Favipiravir: Pharmacokinetics and Concerns About Clinical Trials for 2019-nCoV Infection.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Du, Yin-Xiao", "Chen, Xiao-Ping"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32246834", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of 2019-nCoV infection has spread across the world. No specific antiviral drugs have been approved for the treatment of COVID-2019. In addition to the recommended antiviral drugs, such as interferon-\u0251, lopinavir/ritonavir, ribavirin, and chloroquine phosphate, some clinical trials focusing on virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors have been registered and initiated. Favipiravir, a purine nucleic acid analog and potent RdRp inhibitor approved for use in influenza, is also considered in several clinical trials. Herein, we summarized the pharmacokinetic characteristics of favipiravir and possible drug-drug interactions from the view of drug metabolism. We hope this will be helpful for the design of clinical trials for favipiravir in COVID-2019, as data regarding in vitro virus inhibition and efficacy in preclinical animal studies are still not available."}, {"pmid": 32310898, "title": "Infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.", "journal": "AIDS", "authors": ["Su, Junwei", "Shen, Xiaomin", "Ni, Qin", "Zhao, Hong", "Cai, Jieru", "Zhu, Biao", "Wu, Wenrui", "Lang, Guanjing", "Xu, Kaijin", "Sheng, Jifang"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310898", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32083284, "pmcid": "PMC7107562", "title": "The New Coronavirus, the Current King of China.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Plotkin, Stanley A"], "date": "2020-02-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32083284", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304119, "pmcid": "PMC7264578", "title": "Tracheostomy during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Recommendations from the New York Head and Neck Society.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Miles, Brett A", "Schiff, Bradley", "Ganly, Ian", "Ow, Thomas", "Cohen, Erik", "Genden, Eric", "Culliney, Bruce", "Mehrotra, Bhoomi", "Savona, Steven", "Wong, Richard J", "Haigentz, Missak", "Caruana, Salvatore", "Givi, Babak", "Patel, Kepal", "Hu, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304119", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019 and 2020 has resulted in a worldwide pandemic characterized by severe pulmonary inflammation, effusions, and rapid respiratory compromise. The result of this pandemic is a large and increasing number of patients requiring endotracheal intubation and prolonged ventilator support. The rapid rise in endotracheal intubations coupled with prolonged ventilation requirements will certainly lead to\u2009an increase in tracheostomy procedures in the coming weeks and months. Performing tracheostomy in the setting of active SARS-CoV-2, when necessary, poses a unique situation, with unique risks and benefits for both the patient and the health care providers. The New York Head and Neck Society has collaborated on this document to provide guidance on the performance of tracheostomies during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32296166, "pmcid": "PMC7156894", "title": "Provision of cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Nat Rev Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Spicer, James", "Chamberlain, Charlotte", "Papa, Sophie"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296166", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292903, "pmcid": "PMC7144599", "title": "COVID-19 infection among asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women: Two weeks of confirmed presentations to an affiliated pair of New York City hospitals.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Breslin, Noelle", "Baptiste, Caitlin", "Gyamfi-Bannerman, Cynthia", "Miller, Russell", "Martinez, Rebecca", "Bernstein, Kyra", "Ring, Laurence", "Landau, Ruth", "Purisch, Stephanie", "Friedman, Alexander M", "Fuchs, Karin", "Sutton, Desmond", "Andrikopoulou, Maria", "Rupley, Devon", "Sheen, Jean-Ju", "Aubey, Janice", "Zork, Noelia", "Moroz, Leslie", "Mourad, Mirella", "Wapner, Ronald", "Simpson, Lynn L", "D'Alton, Mary E", "Goffman, Dena"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292903", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus 2019, or COVID-19, infection has rapidly spread through the New York metropolitan area since the first reported case in the state on March 1, 2020. New York currently represents an epicenter for COVID-19 infection in the United States, with 84,735 cases reported as of April 2, 2020. We previously presented an early experience with seven COVID-positive patients in pregnancy, including two women who were diagnosed with COVID-19 following an asymptomatic initial presentation. We now describe a series of 43 test-confirmed cases of COVID-19 presenting to a pair of affiliated New York City hospitals over two weeks from March 13 to 27, 2020. Fourteen (32.6%) patients presented without any COVID-associated viral symptoms, and were identified either after developing symptoms during admission or following the implementation of universal testing for all obstetrical admissions on March 22. Of these, 10/14 (71.4%) developed symptoms or signs of COVID-19 infection over the course of their delivery admission or early after postpartum discharge. Of the other 29 (67.4%) patients who presented with symptomatic COVID-19 infection, three women ultimately required antenatal admission for viral symptoms, and an additional patient represented six days postpartum after a successful labor induction with worsening respiratory status that required oxygen supplementation. There were no confirmed cases of COVID-19 detected in neonates upon initial testing on the first day of life. Applying COVID-19 disease severity characteristics as described by Wu et al, 37 (86%) women possessed mild disease, four (9.3%) exhibited severe disease, and two (4.7%) developed critical disease; these percentages are similar to those described for non-pregnant adults with COVID-19 infections (about 80% mild, 15% severe, and 5% critical disease)."}, {"pmid": 32395670, "pmcid": "PMC7211582", "title": "Comments on the publication by Yerramilli et al titled \"Palliative Radiotherapy for Oncologic emergencies in the setting of COVID-19: Approaches to Balancing Risks and Benefits.\"", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Hahn, Ezra", "Livergant, Jonathan", "Millar, Barbara-Ann", "Ringash, Jolie", "Wong, Rebecca", "Dawson, Laura A", "Warde, Padraig", "Cummings, Bernard", "Barry, Aisling"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395670", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460524, "title": "Make Your Pitch: A Flexible Assignment for Engaging Students in Aging.", "journal": "Int J Aging Hum Dev", "authors": ["Goedereis, Eric A", "Gray-Graves, Amy"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460524", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given trends in local, national, and global demographics, a need exists for educators in fields that serve older adults to provide innovative and engaging assignments that are relevant and applicable to the diverse contexts in which students are likely to find themselves as they pursue their careers. This article discusses a novel \"elevator pitch\" assignment that could be implemented in a number of ways to fit a variety of pedagogical methods and courses and further tailored to serve the needs of diverse student populations. For those working to actively and successfully recruit, train, and retain students in fields that serve older adults, such flexibility of assignments and delivery are likely to be acutely important as institutions, instructors, and students continue to adapt to rapidly changing developments such as those imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32303424, "pmcid": "PMC7152872", "title": "Assessing ACE2 expression patterns in lung tissues in the pathogenesis of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Autoimmun", "authors": ["Li, Guoping", "He, Xiang", "Zhang, Lei", "Ran, Qin", "Wang, Junyi", "Xiong, Anying", "Wu, Dehong", "Chen, Feng", "Sun, Jinlyu", "Chang, Christopher"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303424", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 may use ACE2 as a receptor to gain entry into human cells, in a way similar to that of SARS-CoV. Analyzing the distribution and expression level of ACE2 may therefore help reveal underlying mechanisms of viral susceptibility and post-infection modulation. In this study, we utilized previously uploaded information on ACE2 expression in various conditions including SARS-CoA to evaluate the role of ACE2 in SARS-CoV and extrapolate that to COVID-19. We found that the expression of ACE2 in healthy populations and patients with underlying diseases was not significantly different. However, based on the elevated expression of ACE2 in cigarette smokers, we speculate that long-term smoking may be a risk factor for COVID-19. Analysis of ACE2 in SARS-CoV infected cells suggests that ACE2 is not only a receptor but is also involved in post-infection regulation, including immune response, cytokine secretion, and viral genome replication. Moreover, we constructed Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and identified hub genes in viral activity and cytokine secretion. Our findings may help clinicians and researchers gain more insight into the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and design therapeutic strategies for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32276598, "pmcid": "PMC7146071", "title": "Using echocardiography to guide the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Peng, Qian-Yi", "Wang, Xiao-Ting", "Zhang, Li-Na"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276598", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32241695, "pmcid": "PMC7271257", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 outbreak: How can pharmacists help?", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Al-Quteimat, Osama M MSc, BCOP", "Amer, Amer Mustafa R.Ph, MSc"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241695", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of viruses that cause disorders ranging from a mild cold to severe disease. Some of the CoVs are zoonotic, meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans. In December 2019, the world awoke to a new zoonotic strain of CoV that was named SARS-CoV-2 (standing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which has been classified as a high-consequence infectious disease. In addition, serious complications related to COVID-19 have been reported in some patients. These include acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute renal failure, septic shock and ventilator-associated pneumonia. The pharmacist, as a healthcare practitioner, can play an important role in hindering the spread of COVID-19, and can be an active participant in national and community efforts to fight and contain this outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32371150, "pmcid": "PMC7194049", "title": "Immediate impact of COVID-19 on transplant activity in the Netherlands.", "journal": "Transpl Immunol", "authors": ["de Vries, A P J", "Alwayn, I P J", "Hoek, R A S", "van den Berg, A P", "Ultee, F C W", "Vogelaar, S M", "Haase-Kromwijk, B J J M", "Heemskerk, M B A", "Hemke, A C", "Nijboer, W N", "Schaefer, B S", "Kuiper, M A", "de Jonge, J", "van der Kaaij, N P", "Reinders, M E J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371150", "countries": ["Netherlands"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic is unprecedented and poses an unparalleled obstacle in the sixty-five year history of organ transplantation. Worldwide, the delivery of transplant care is severely challenged by matters concerning - but not limited to - organ procurement, risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, screening strategies of donors and recipients, decisions to postpone or proceed with transplantation, the attributable risk of immunosuppression for COVID-19 and entrenched health care resources and capacity. The transplant community is faced with choosing a lesser of two evils: initiating immunosuppression and potentially accepting detrimental outcome when transplant recipients develop COVID-19 versus postponing transplantation and accepting associated waitlist mortality. Notably, prioritization of health care services for COVID-19 care raises concerns about allocation of resources to deliver care for transplant patients who might otherwise have excellent 1-year and 10-year survival rates. Children and young adults with end-stage organ disease in particular seem more disadvantaged by withholding transplantation because of capacity issues than from medical consequences of SARS-CoV-2. This report details the nationwide response of the Dutch transplant community to these issues and the immediate consequences for transplant activity. Worrisome, there was a significant decrease in organ donation numbers affecting all organ transplant services. In addition, there was a detrimental effect on transplantation numbers in children with end-organ failure. Ongoing efforts focus on mitigation of not only primary but also secondary harm of the pandemic and to find right definitions and momentum to restore the transplant programs."}, {"pmid": 32191675, "title": "WHO Declares COVID-19 a Pandemic.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Cucinotta, Domenico", "Vanelli, Maurizio"], "date": "2020-03-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32191675", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, has declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a global pandemic (1). At a news briefing , WHO Director-General, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, noted that over the past 2 weeks, the number of cases outside China increased 13-fold and the number of countries with cases increased threefold. Further increases are expected. He said that the WHO is \"deeply concerned both by the alarming levels of spread and severity and by the alarming levels of inaction,\" and he called on countries to take action now to contain the virus. \"We should double down,\" he said. \"We should be more aggressive.\" [...]."}, {"pmid": 32271456, "title": "Clinical efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Ye, X-T", "Luo, Y-L", "Xia, S-C", "Sun, Q-F", "Ding, J-G", "Zhou, Y", "Chen, W", "Wang, X-F", "Zhang, W-W", "Du, W-J", "Ruan, Z-W", "Hong, L"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271456", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which outbroke in December 2019 is highly contagious with a low cure rate. In view of this, there is an urgent need to find a more appropriate therapeutic scheme against COVID-19. The study aimed to investigate whether lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in combination with other pneumonia-associated adjuvant drugs has a better therapeutic effect on COVID-19. Totally 47 patients with COVID-19 infection who were admitted to Rui'an People's Hospital between January 22 and January 29, 2020 were collected. The patients were divided into the test group and the control group according to whether they had been treated with LPV/r or not during hospitalization. Patients in the test group were treated with LPV/r combined with adjuvant medicine, while those in the control group were just treated with adjuvant medicine. The changes of body temperature, blood routine and blood biochemistry between the two groups were observed and compared. Both groups achieved good therapeutic effect with the body temperature of patients decreased gradually from admission to the 10th day of treatment. But the body temperature of patients in the test group decreased faster than that of the control group. Blood routine indexes showed that compared with the control group, the abnormal proportion of white blood cells, lymphocytes and C-reactive protein of the test group could be reduced to some extent. Blood biochemical indexes exhibited that the proportion of patients with abnormal alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in the test group were lower than the control group. The number of days for nCoV-RNA turning negative after treatment was significantly decreased in the test group than that in the control group. Compared with the treatment of pneumonia-associated adjuvant drugs alone, the combination treatment with LPV/r and adjuvant drugs has a more evident therapeutic effect in lowering the body temperature and restoring normal physiological mechanisms with no evident toxic and side effects. In view of these conclusions, we suggested that the use of LPV/r combined with pneumonia-associated adjuvant drugs in the clinical treatment for patients with COVID-19 should be promoted."}, {"pmid": 32392262, "pmcid": "PMC7213702", "title": "Prevalence, Severity and Mortality associated with COPD and Smoking in patients with COVID-19: A Rapid Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Alqahtani, Jaber S", "Oyelade, Tope", "Aldhahir, Abdulelah M", "Alghamdi, Saeed M", "Almehmadi, Mater", "Alqahtani, Abdullah S", "Quaderi, Shumonta", "Mandal, Swapna", "Hurst, John R"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392262", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an evolving infectious disease that dramatically spread all over the world in the early part of 2020. No studies have yet summarized the potential severity and mortality risks caused by COVID-19 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and we update information in smokers. We systematically searched electronic databases from inception to March 24, 2020. Data were extracted by two independent authors in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Study quality was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We synthesized a narrative from eligible studies and conducted a meta-analysis using a random-effects model to calculate pooled prevalence rates and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). In total, 123 abstracts were screened and 61 full-text manuscripts were reviewed. A total of 15 studies met the inclusion criteria, which included a total of 2473 confirmed COVID-19 patients. All studies were included in the meta-analysis. The crude case fatality rate of COVID-19 was 7.4%. The pooled prevalence rates of COPD patients and smokers in COVID-19 cases were 2% (95% CI, 1%-3%) and 9% (95% CI, 4%-14%) respectively. COPD patients were at a higher risk of more severe disease (risk of severity = 63%, (22/35) compared to patients without COPD 33.4% (409/1224) [calculated RR, 1.88 (95% CI, 1.4-2.4)]. This was associated with higher mortality (60%). Our results showed that 22% (31/139) of current smokers and 46% (13/28) of ex-smokers had severe complications. The calculated RR showed that current smokers were 1.45 times more likely [95% CI: 1.03-2.04] to have severe complications compared to former and never smokers. Current smokers also had a higher mortality rate of 38.5%. Although COPD prevalence in COVID-19 cases was low in current reports, COVID-19 infection was associated with substantial severity and mortality rates in COPD. Compared to former and never smokers, current smokers were at greater risk of severe complications and higher mortality rate. Effective preventive measures are required to reduce COVID-19 risk in COPD patients and current smokers."}, {"pmid": 32501600, "title": "Tracheostomy intervention in intubated COVID positive patients: A survey of current clinical practice among ENT surgeons.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["D'Souza, Ayman", "Simo, Ricard", "D'Souza, Alwyn", "Vaz, Francis", "Prior, Andrew", "Kanegaonkar, Rahul"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501600", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an unprecedented need for critical care intervention. Prolonged intubation and mechanical ventilation has resulted in the need for tracheostomy in some patients. The purpose of this international survey was to assess optimal timing, technique and outcome for this intervention. An online survey was generated. Otorhinolaryngologists from both the United Kingdom and Abroad were polled with regards to their experience of tracheostomy in COVID-19 positive ventilated patients. The survey was completed by 50 respondents from 16 nations. The number of ventilated patients totalled 3403, on average 9.7% required a tracheostomy. This was on average performed on day 14 following intubation. The majority of patients were successfully weaned (mean 7.4\u2009days following tracheostomy). The results of this brief survey suggest that tracheostomy is of benefit in selected patients. There was insufficient data to suggest improved outcomes with either percutaneous vs an open surgical technique."}, {"pmid": 32473495, "pmcid": "PMC7245205", "title": "COVID-19 and hypercoagulability in the outpatient setting.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["Emert, Roger", "Shah, Payal", "Zampella, John G"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473495", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474041, "pmcid": "PMC7255725", "title": "Cancer in intensive care unit patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Moiseev, Sergey", "Avdeev, Sergey", "Brovko, Michail", "Akulkina, Larisa", "Fomin, Victor"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474041", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32212931, "title": "The COVID-19 Pandemic: Making Sense of Rumor and Fear.", "journal": "Med Anthropol", "authors": ["Ali, Inayat"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212931", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424891, "title": "Opportunistic virus infections in psoriasis patients: The safer alternative of apremilast in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Armesto, Susana", "Gonzalez Vela, Carmen", "Gonzalez Lopez, Marco Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424891", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474160, "pmcid": "PMC7256009", "title": "A Butterfly Flaps its Wings: Extinction of Biological Experience and the Origins of Allergy.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Prescott, Susan L"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474160", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The grand global challenges of the Anthropocene are interdependent with ample evidence that reduced early-life 'experience' of biodiversity primes for immune dysregulation and a higher propensity low-grade inflammation, increasing the risk of allergy many other later-onset NCDs -also now implicated in the susceptibility to acute inflammation in COVID-19 infection. The objective of this review is to explore links between biodiversity on all scales and allergic disease as a measure of immune dysregulation. Were identified from PubMed and Web of Science using search terms pertaining to biodiversity, nature-relatedness, allergic disease, microbiome, NCDs, COVID-19 and associated terms. Studies were selected based on relevance to human health and biodiversity. Contact with natural environments enriches the human microbiome, promotes regulated immune responses, and protects from allergy and both acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. These important links to eco-psychological constructs of the 'extinction of experience' which indicates that loss of direct, personal contact with biodiversity-wildlife and the more visible elements of the natural world-might lead to emotional apathy and irresponsible behaviors toward the environment. The immune system is a useful early barometer of environmental impacts, and via the microbiome, a measure of the way in which our current experiences differ from our ancestral past. While we would benefit from further research, efforts to increase direct, personal contact with biodiversity have clear benefits for multiple aspect of physical and mental health, the skin and gut microbiome, immune function, food choices, sleep, physical activity, and promotes environmental responsibility."}, {"pmid": 32249681, "pmcid": "PMC7273863", "title": "Triaging Office Based Urology Procedures during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Katz, Eric G", "Stensland, Kristian D", "Mandeville, Jessica A", "MacLachlan, Lara S", "Moinzadeh, Alireza", "Sorcini, Andrea", "Zaid, Harras B", "Bukavina, Laura", "Ponsky, Lee", "Chang, Sam S"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249681", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409434, "title": "Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors in COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Thomas, George"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409434", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Concerns have been raised about the potential for renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors to upregulate expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and thus increase susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) entry. Currently, there is no evidence that even if RAS inhibitors increase expression and activity of ACE2, that they would increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by facilitating greater viral entry or worsen outcomes in patients with COVID-19. At this time, there is no clinical evidence to suggest that treatment with RAS inhibitors should be discontinued in stable patients with COVID-19. In hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, decisions about these medications should be based on clinical condition, including hemodynamic status and renal function."}, {"pmid": 32390197, "title": "Expecting the unexpected? Improving rural health in the era of bushfires, novel coronavirus and climate change.", "journal": "Aust J Rural Health", "authors": ["Jones, Martin", "Mills, David", "Gray, Richard"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390197", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236644, "pmcid": "PMC7106051", "title": "Identification of a potential mechanism of acute kidney injury during the COVID-19 outbreak: a study based on single-cell transcriptome analysis.", "journal": "Intensive Care Med", "authors": ["Pan, Xiu-Wu", "Xu, Da", "Zhang, Hao", "Zhou, Wang", "Wang, Lin-Hui", "Cui, Xin-Gang"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236644", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32504532, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Children Cared for at Texas Children's Hospital: Initial Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes.", "journal": "J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc", "authors": ["Foster, Catherine E", "Moulton, Elizabeth A", "Munoz, Flor M", "Hulten, Kristina G", "Versalovic, James", "Dunn, James", "Revell, Paula", "Koy, Tjin H", "Arrington, Amy S", "Marquez, Lucila", "Campbell, Judith"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504532", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe\u00a0the clinical course of 57 children with\u00a0coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cared for through a single hospital system. Most children were mildly symptomatic, and only a few patients with underlying medical conditions required hospitalization. System-wide patient evaluation processes allowed for prompt identification and management of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32195699, "pmcid": "PMC7155907", "title": "Perioperative Management of Patients Infected with the Novel Coronavirus: Recommendation from the Joint Task Force of the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology and the Chinese Association of Anesthesiologists.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Chen, Xiangdong", "Liu, Yanhong", "Gong, Yahong", "Guo, Xiangyang", "Zuo, Mingzhang", "Li, Jun", "Shi, Wenzhu", "Li, Hao", "Xu, Xiaohan", "Mi, Weidong", "Huang, Yuguang"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195699", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the new Coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has been involved in 77,262 cases in China as well as in 27 other countries as of February 24, 2020. Because the virus is novel to human beings, and there is no vaccine yet available, every individual is susceptible and can become infected. Healthcare workers are at high risk, and unfortunately, more than 3,000 healthcare workers in China have been infected. Anesthesiologists are among healthcare workers who are at an even higher risk of becoming infected because of their close contact with infected patients and high potential of exposure to respiratory droplets or aerosol from their patients' airways. In order to provide healthcare workers with updated recommendations on the management of patients in the perioperative setting as well as for emergency airway management outside of the operating room, the two largest anesthesia societies, the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology (CSA) and the Chinese Association of Anesthesiologists (CAA) have formed a task force to produce the recommendations. The task force hopes to help healthcare workers, particularly anesthesiologists, optimize the care of their patients and protect patients, healthcare workers, and the public from becoming infected. The recommendations were created mainly based on the practice and experience of anesthesiologists who provide care to patients in China. Therefore, adoption of these recommendations outside of China must be done with caution, and the local environment, culture, uniqueness of the healthcare system, and patients' needs should be considered. The task force will continuously update the recommendations and incorporate new information in future versions."}, {"pmid": 32419077, "pmcid": "PMC7231527", "title": "Spontaneous Bleedings in COVID-19 Patients: An Emerging Complication.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol", "authors": ["Bargellini, Irene", "Cervelli, Rosa", "Lunardi, Alessandro", "Scandiffio, Rossella", "Daviddi, Francesco", "Giorgi, Luigi", "Cicorelli, Antonio", "Crocetti, Laura", "Cioni, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419077", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450723, "pmcid": "PMC7251625", "title": "Perspectives From the Foot and Ankle Department at an Academic Orthopedic Hospital During the Surge Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic in New York City.", "journal": "Foot Ankle Int", "authors": ["Day, Jonathan", "MacMahon, Aoife", "Roberts, Matthew M", "Drakos, Mark C", "Johnson, Anne H", "Levine, David S", "O'Malley, Martin J", "Cody, Elizabeth A", "Behrens, Steve B", "Deland, Jonathan T", "Demetracopoulos, Constantine A", "Elliot, Andrew J", "Ellis, Scott J"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450723", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526559, "title": "Examining the effect of social distancing on the compound growth rate of COVID-19 at the county level (United States) using statistical analyses and a random forest machine learning model.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Cobb, J S", "Seale, M A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526559", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The goal of the present work is to investigate trends among US counties and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) growth rates in relation to the existence of shelter-in-place (SIP) orders in that county. This is a prospective cohort study. Compound growth rates were calculated using cumulative confirmed COVID-19 cases from January 21, 2020, to March 31, 2020, in all 3139 US counties. Compound growth was chosen as it gives a single number that can be used in machine learning to represent the speed of virus spread during defined time intervals. Statistical analyses and a random forest machine learning model were used to analyze the data for differences in counties with and without SIP orders. Statistical analyses revealed that the March 16 presidential recommendation (limiting gatherings to \u226410 people) lowered the compound growth rate of COVID-19 for all counties in the US by 6.6%, and the counties that implemented SIP after March 16 had a further reduction of 7.8% compared with the counties that did not implement SIP after March 16. A random forest machine learning model was built to predict compound growth rate after a SIP order and was found to have an accuracy of 92.3%. The random forest found that population, longitude, and population per square mile were the most important features when predicting the effect of SIP. SIP orders were found to be effective at reducing the growth rate of COVID-19 cases in the US. Counties with a large population or a high population density were found to benefit the most from a SIP order."}, {"pmid": 32361703, "title": "Newly Diagnosed Glomerulonephritis During COVID-19 Infection Undergoing Immunosuppression Therapy, a Case Report.", "journal": "Iran J Kidney Dis", "authors": ["Moeinzadeh, Firouzeh", "Dezfouli, Majid", "Naimi, Azar", "Shahidi, Shahrzad", "Moradi, Hazhir"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361703", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the COVID-19 pandemic, we had a 25 years old male case without any underlying disease or history of autoimmune disease in COVID-19 Clinic, Isfahan, Iran. He presented with arthralgia and weakness so we started COVID-19 therapeutic regimen. In his hospitalization, creatinine increases and abnormalities in random urine sediment was seen. Methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide were prescribed due to suspected glomerulonephritis. After renal biopsy the diagnose was confirmed as crescentic proliferative glomerulonephritis. The patient also, underwent plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin injection. He was discharged healthy without development of new pulmonary symptoms despite immunosuppressive treatment."}, {"pmid": 32219845, "pmcid": "PMC7228225", "title": "Responding to Covid-19: How to Navigate a Public Health Emergency Legally and Ethically.", "journal": "Hastings Cent Rep", "authors": ["Gostin, Lawrence O", "Friedman, Eric A", "Wetter, Sarah A"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219845", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Few novel or emerging infectious diseases have posed such vital ethical challenges so quickly and dramatically as the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The World Health Organization declared a public health emergency of international concern and recently classified Covid-19 as a worldwide pandemic. As of this writing, the epidemic has not yet peaked in the United States, but community transmission is widespread. President Trump declared a national emergency as fifty governors declared state emergencies. In the coming weeks, hospitals will become overrun, stretched to their capacities. When the health system becomes stretched beyond capacity, how can we ethically allocate scarce health goods and services? How can we ensure that marginalized populations can access the care they need? What ethical duties do we owe to vulnerable people separated from their families and communities? And how do we ethically and legally balance public health with civil liberties?"}, {"pmid": 32224304, "pmcid": "PMC7154504", "title": "COVID-19 infection in children.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Sinha, Ian P", "Harwood, Rachel", "Semple, Malcolm G", "Hawcutt, Daniel B", "Thursfield, Rebecca", "Narayan, Omendra", "Kenny, Simon E", "Viner, Russell", "Hewer, Simon Langton", "Southern, Kevin W"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224304", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530413, "title": "Pulmonary Artery Embolism in COVID-19 Despite Thrombosis Prophylaxis.", "journal": "Dtsch Arztebl Int", "authors": ["Geerdes-Fenge, Hilte Friederike", "Reisinger, Emil Christian", "Arndt, Hanka"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530413", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32297981, "pmcid": "PMC7262243", "title": "COVID-19: Recommended sampling sites at different stage of the disease.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Song, Fang", "Zhang, Xiangyan", "Zha, Yan", "Liu, Weijia"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297981", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is mainly an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by a novel coronavirus (officially named Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019, which is currently a worldwide pandemic, mainly causes the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). At present, it mainly relies on Real-time RT-PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus nucleic acid collected from the clinical specimens of patients as the standard for diagnosis, discontinuation of quarantine and discharge.1,2 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32278470, "pmcid": "PMC7128936", "title": "Upper airway symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Lovato, Andrea", "de Filippis, Cosimo", "Marioni, Gino"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278470", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369285, "title": "A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Carmona-Bayonas, Alberto", "Jimenez-Fonseca, Paula", "Castanon, Eduardo"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369285", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533868, "title": "Guidance for the Procurement of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma: Differences between High and Low-Middle Income Countries.", "journal": "Vox Sang", "authors": ["Bloch, Evan M", "Goel, Ruchika", "Wendel, Silvano", "Burnouf, Thierry", "Al-Riyami, Arwa Z", "Ang, Ai Leen", "DeAngelis, Vincenzo", "Dumont, Larry J", "Land, Kevin", "Lee, Cheuk-Kwong", "Oreh, Adaeze", "Patidar, Gopal", "Spitalnik, Steven L", "Vermeulen, Marion", "Hindawi, Salwa", "Van den Berg, Karin", "Tiberghien, Pierre", "Vrielink, Hans", "Young, Pampee", "Devine, Dana", "So-Osman, Cynthia"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533868", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) has been used, predominantly in high-income countries (HICs) to treat COVID-19; available data suggest the safety and efficacy of use. We sought to develop guidance for procurement and use of CCP, particularly in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) for which data are lacking. A multidisciplinary, geographically representative group of individuals with expertise spanning transfusion medicine, infectious diseases and hematology was tasked with the development of a guidance document for CCP, drawing on expert opinion, survey of group members and review of available evidence. Three subgroups (i.e. donor, product and patient) were established based on self-identified expertise and interest. Here, the donor and product-related challenges are summarized and contrasted between HICs and LMICs with a view to guide related practices. The challenges to advance CCP therapy are different between HICs and LMICs. Early challenges in HICs related to recruitment and qualification of sufficient donors to meet the growing demand. Antibody testing also posed a specific obstacle given lack of standardization, variable performance of the assays in use and uncertain interpretation of results. In LMICs, an extant transfusion deficit, suboptimal models of donor recruitment (e.g. reliance on replacement and paid donors), limited laboratory capacity for pre-donation qualification and operational considerations could impede wide adoption. There has been wide scale adoption of CCP in many HICs, which could increase if clinical trials show efficacy of use. By contrast, LMICs, having received little attention, require locally applicable strategies for adoption of CCP."}, {"pmid": 32476080, "pmcid": "PMC7261349", "title": "The association between treatment with heparin and survival in patients with Covid-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Thrombolysis", "authors": ["Ayerbe, Luis", "Risco, Carlos", "Ayis, Salma"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476080", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study investigates the association between the treatment with heparin and mortality in patients admitted with Covid-19. Routinely recorded, clinical data, up to the 24th of April 2020, from the 2075 patients with Covid-19, admitted in 17 hospitals in Spain between the 1st of March and the 20th of April 2020 were used. The following variables were extracted for this study: age, gender, temperature, and saturation of oxygen on admission, treatment with heparin, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, steroids, tocilizumab, a combination of lopinavir with ritonavir, and oseltamivir, together with data on mortality. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations. At the time of collecting the data, 301 patients had died, 1447 had been discharged home from the hospitals, 201 were still admitted, and 126 had been transferred to hospitals not included in the study. Median follow up time was 8 (IQR 5-12) days. Heparin had been used in 1734 patients. Heparin was associated with lower mortality when the model was adjusted for age and gender, with OR (95% CI) 0.55 (0.37-0.82) p\u2009=\u20090.003. This association remained significant when saturation of oxygen\u2009<\u200990%, and temperature\u2009>\u200937 \u00b0C were added to de model with OR 0.54 (0.36-0.82) p\u2009=\u20090.003, and also when all the other drugs were included as covariates OR 0.42 (0.26-0.66) p\u2009<\u20090.001. The association between heparin and lower mortality observed in this study can be acknowledged by clinicians in hospitals and in the community. Randomized controlled trials to assess the causal effects of heparin in different therapeutic regimes are required."}, {"pmid": 32265180, "pmcid": "PMC7138183", "title": "Genotype and phenotype of COVID-19: Their roles in pathogenesis.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Mousavizadeh, Leila", "Ghasemi, Sorayya"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265180", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus with an outbreak of unusual viral pneumonia in Wuhan, China, and then pandemic. Based on its phylogenetic relationships and genomic structures the COVID-19 belongs to genera Betacoronavirus. Human Betacoronaviruses (SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV) have many similarities, but also have differences in their genomic and phenotypic structure that can influence their pathogenesis. COVID-19 is containing single-stranded (positive-sense) RNA associated with a nucleoprotein within a capsid comprised of matrix protein. A typical CoV contains at least six ORFs in its genome. All the structural and accessory proteins are translated from the sgRNAs of CoVs. Four main structural proteins are encoded by ORFs 10, 11 on the one-third of the genome near the 3'-terminus. The genetic and phenotypic structure of COVID-19 in pathogenesis is important. This article highlights the most important of these features compared to other Betacoronaviruses."}, {"pmid": 32207994, "title": "Critical Organizational Issues for Cardiologists in the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Frontline Experience From Milan, Italy.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Stefanini, Giulio G", "Azzolini, Elena", "Condorelli, Gianluigi"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32207994", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487985, "title": "[Delivery of oral health in andalusian health service on the de-escalation of SARS-CoV-2].", "journal": "Rev Esp Salud Publica", "authors": ["Exposito Delgado, Antonio", "Visuerte Sanchez, Jose Manuel", "Soto Ibarreta, Maria Teresa", "Hernandez Nieto, Josefina", "Cervino Ferradanes, Santiago"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487985", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic declared by SARS-CoV-2 has meant a crisis in the health system that forced the urgent implementation of preventive public health measures. The respiratory transmission virus remains stable on surfaces, being able to spread by air in respiratory droplets or in procedures that generate aerosols. Dental activity is one of the professional sectors with the highest exposure index, both due to the generation of aerosols in most interventions, as well as the impossibility of maintaining a safe distance between patients and professionals. The postponement of scheduled and non-urgent healthcare activities in dental offices is one of the measures implemented to reduce the risk that it posed for the health and well-being of citizens. This report addresses the recommendations and measures to be taken into account to minimize risks in the Oral Health Units of the Andalusian Public Health System, to address the oral pathology of the population assigned in the scenario of improvement of the pandemic and its partial lack of confinement."}, {"pmid": 32463742, "title": "Redefining undergraduate nurse teaching during the coronavirus pandemic: use of digital technologies.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Leigh, Jacqueline", "Vasilica, Cristina", "Dron, Richard", "Gawthorpe, Dawn", "Burns, Elizabeth", "Kennedy, Sarah", "Kennedy, Rob", "Warburton, Tyler", "Croughan, Catherine"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463742", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the current coronavirus pandemic, undergraduate nurse teaching is facing many challenges. Universities have had to close their campuses, which means that academics are working from home and may be coping with unfamiliar technology to deliver the theoretical part of the undergraduate nursing curriculum. Emergency standards from the Nursing and Midwifery Council have allowed theoretical instruction to be replaced with distance learning, requiring nursing academics to adapt to providing a completely virtual approach to their teaching. This article provides examples of tools that can be used to deliver the theoretical component of the undergraduate nursing curriculum and ways of supporting students and colleagues in these unprecedented times."}, {"pmid": 32422121, "pmcid": "PMC7227574", "title": "Committee Recommendations for Resuming Cardiac Surgery Activity in the SARS-CoV-2 Era: Guidance from an International Cardiac Surgery Consortium.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Chikwe, Joanna", "Gaudino, Mario", "Hameed, Irbaz", "Robinson, N Bryce", "Bakaeen, Faisal G", "Menicanti, Lorenzo", "Doenst, Torsten", "Zheng, Zhe", "Lemma, Massimo", "Falk, Volkmar", "Tatoulis, James", "Girardi, Leonard N", "Fremes, Stephen", "Ruel, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422121", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recommendations for the safe and optimized resumption of cardiac surgery care, research and education during the SARS-CoV-2 era were developed by a cardiovascular research consortium, based in 19 countries and representing a wide spectrum of experience with COVID-19. This guidance document provides a framework for restarting cardiac surgery in the outpatient and inpatient settings, in accordance with the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2, the risks posed by interrupted cardiovascular care, and the available recommendations from major societies."}, {"pmid": 32220878, "title": "Covid-19: Lack of PPE in care homes is risking spread of virus, leaders warn.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220878", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379883, "pmcid": "PMC7236892", "title": "Treatment of Community-Acquired Pneumonia During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Metlay, Joshua P", "Waterer, Grant W"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379883", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352637, "pmcid": "PMC7267224", "title": "Association of Obesity with Disease Severity among Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Kalligeros, Markos", "Shehadeh, Fadi", "Mylona, Evangelia K", "Benitez, Gregorio", "Beckwith, Curt G", "Chan, Philip A", "Mylonakis, Eleftherios"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352637", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to explore the potential association of obesity and other chronic diseases with severe outcomes, such as intensive care unit (ICU) admission and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study analyzed a retrospective cohort of 103 patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Demographic data, past medical history, and hospital course were collected and analyzed. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was implemented to examine associations. From February 17 to April 5, 103 consecutive patients were hospitalized with COVID-19. Among them, 44 patients (42.7%) were admitted to the ICU, and 29 (65.9%) required IMV. The prevalence of obesity was 47.5% (49 of 103). In a multivariate analysis, severe obesity (BMI\u2009\u2265\u200935 kg/m2 ) was associated with ICU admission (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.39, 95% CI: 1.13-25.64). Moreover, patients who required IMV were more likely to have had heart disease (aOR: 3.41, 95% CI: 1.05-11.06), obesity (BMI\u2009=\u200930-34.9 kg/m2 ; aOR: 6.85, 95% CI: 1.05-44.82), or severe obesity (BMI\u2009\u2265\u200935 kg/m2 ; aOR: 9.99, 95% CI: 1.39-71.69). In our analysis, severe obesity (BMI\u2009\u2265\u200935 kg/m2 ) was associated with ICU admission, whereas history of heart disease and obesity (BMI\u2009\u2265\u200930 kg/m2 ) were independently associated with the use of IMV. Increased vigilance and aggressive treatment of patients with obesity and COVID-19 are warranted."}, {"pmid": 32346671, "pmcid": "PMC7187835", "title": "Shut down and reboot-preparing to minimise infection in a post-COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["McCall, Becky"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346671", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482249, "pmcid": "PMC7164916", "title": "No evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 in semen of males recovering from coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Fertil Steril", "authors": ["Pan, Feng", "Xiao, Xingyuan", "Guo, Jingtao", "Song, Yarong", "Li, Honggang", "Patel, Darshan P", "Spivak, Adam M", "Alukal, Joseph P", "Zhang, Xiaoping", "Xiong, Chengliang", "Li, Philip S", "Hotaling, James M"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482249", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus 2 (CoV-2) in seminal fluid of patients recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to describe the expression profile of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and Transmembrane Serine Protease 2 (TMPRSS2) within the testicle. Observational, cross-sectional study. Tertiary referral center. Thirty-four adult Chinese males diagnosed with COVID-19 through confirmatory quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) from pharyngeal swab samples. None. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 on qRT-PCR of single ejaculated semen samples. Semen quality was not assessed. Expression patterns of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in the human testis are explored through previously published single-cell transcriptome datasets. Six patients (19%) demonstrated scrotal discomfort suggestive of viral orchitis around the time of COVID-19 confirmation. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 was not detected in semen after a median of 31 days (interquartile range, 29-36 days) from COVID-19 diagnosis. Single-cell transcriptome analysis demonstrates sparse expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2, with almost no overlapping gene expression. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 was not detected in the semen of patients recovering from COVID-19 1 month after COVID-19 diagnosis. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2-mediated viral entry of SARS-CoV-2 into target host cells is unlikely to occur within the human testicle based on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression. The long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on male reproductive function remain unknown."}, {"pmid": 32359711, "pmcid": "PMC7195301", "title": "COVID-19 With Limb Ischemic Necrosis.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Qian, Song-Zan", "Pan, Jing-Ye"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359711", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425469, "pmcid": "PMC7227516", "title": "Telehealth Reimbursement Allows Access to Mental Health Care During COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Lepkowsky, Charles M"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425469", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447571, "pmcid": "PMC7245191", "title": "The Proteins of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2 or n-COV19), the Cause of COVID-19.", "journal": "Protein J", "authors": ["Yoshimoto, Francis K"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447571", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The devastating effects of the recent global pandemic (termed COVID-19 for \"coronavirus disease 2019\") caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) are paramount with new cases and deaths growing at an exponential rate. In order to provide a better understanding of SARS CoV-2, this article will review the proteins found in the SARS CoV-2 that caused this global pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32203708, "pmcid": "PMC7104316", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak: less stethoscope, more ultrasound.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Buonsenso, Danilo", "Pata, Davide", "Chiaretti, Antonio"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203708", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522226, "title": "Low molecular weight heparins in COVID-19 patients: beware of augmented renal clearance!", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Tomasa-Irriguible, Teresa Maria", "Martinez-Vega, Sergi", "Mor-Marco, Ester", "Herraiz-Ruiz, Alba", "Raguer-Pardo, Laura", "Cubells-Larrosa, Carlos"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522226", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360286, "title": "Plasma IP-10 and MCP-3 levels are highly associated with disease severity and predict the progression of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Yang, Yang", "Shen, Chenguang", "Li, Jinxiu", "Yuan, Jing", "Wei, Jinli", "Huang, Fengmin", "Wang, Fuxiang", "Li, Guobao", "Li, Yanjie", "Xing, Li", "Peng, Ling", "Yang, Minghui", "Cao, Mengli", "Zheng, Haixia", "Wu, Weibo", "Zou, Rongrong", "Li, Delin", "Xu, Zhixiang", "Wang, Haiyan", "Zhang, Mingxia", "Zhang, Zheng", "Gao, George F", "Jiang, Chengyu", "Liu, Lei", "Liu, Yingxia"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360286", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was first reported in Wuhan, December 2019, and continuously poses a serious threat to public health, highlighting the urgent need of identifying biomarkers for disease severity and progression. We sought to identify biomarkers for disease severity and progression of COVID-19. Forty-eight cytokines in the plasma samples from 50 COVID-19 cases including 11 critically ill, 25 severe, and 14 moderate patients were measured and analyzed in combination with clinical data. Levels of 14 cytokines were found to be significantly elevated in COVID-19 cases and showed different expression profiles in patients with different disease severity. Moreover, expression levels of IFN-\u03b3-induced protein 10, monocyte chemotactic protein-3, hepatocyte growth factor, monokine-induced gamma IFN, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha, which were shown to be highly associated with disease severity during disease progression, were remarkably higher in critically ill patients, followed by severe and then the moderate patients. Serial detection of the 5 cytokines in 16 cases showed that continuously high levels were associated with deteriorated progression of disease and fatal outcome. Furthermore, IFN-\u03b3-induced protein 10 and monocyte chemotactic protein-3 were excellent predictors for the progression of COVID-19, and the combination of the 2 cytokines showed the biggest area under the curve of the receiver-operating characteristics calculations with a value of 0.99. In this study, we report biomarkers that are highly associated with disease severity and progression of COVID-19. These findings add to our understanding of the immunopathologic mechanisms of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, and provide potential therapeutic targets and strategies."}, {"pmid": 32493663, "pmcid": "PMC7200367", "title": "POCUS to Guide Fluid Therapy in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Thalappillil, Richard", "Tam, Christopher W"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493663", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418947, "title": "Does immune privilege result in recovered patients testing positive for COVID-19 again?", "journal": "Biosci Trends", "authors": ["Xia, Jufeng"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418947", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, an increasing number of reports have indicated that a few patients who were believed to have recovered from COVID-19 initially tested negative but later tested positive. Several hospitals in different countries have detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the semen and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with severe COVID-19. Given the fact that the testes and central nervous system are both immune privilege sites and the fact that Ebola virus and Zika virus can avoid immune clearance and continue proliferating and spreading by hiding in those sites, the question of whether SARS-CoV-2 is present in immune privilege sites, it attacks those sites, and it spreads again after proliferating in those sites needs to be investigated."}, {"pmid": 32422198, "pmcid": "PMC7228738", "title": "Importance of precise data on SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics control.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Rybniker, Jan", "Fatkenheuer, Gerd"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422198", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474583, "title": "In Reply: COVID-19: An Argument for Rapid Access to Laboratory Data Warehouses.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Jackups, Ronald"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474583", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530409, "title": "Rethinking the First COVID-19 Death in Turkey.", "journal": "Turk Thorac J", "authors": ["Aykac, Nilufer", "Yasin, Yesim"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530409", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32119980, "pmcid": "PMC7129026", "title": "Is Africa prepared for tackling the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic. Lessons from past outbreaks, ongoing pan-African public health efforts, and implications for the future.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kapata, Nathan", "Ihekweazu, Chikwe", "Ntoumi, Francine", "Raji, Tajudeen", "Chanda-Kapata, Pascalina", "Mwaba, Peter", "Mukonka, Victor", "Bates, Matthew", "Tembo, John", "Corman, Victor", "Mfinanga, Sayoki", "Asogun, Danny", "Elton, Linzy", "Arruda, Lia Barbara", "Thomason, Margaret J", "Mboera, Leonard", "Yavlinsky, Alexei", "Haider, Najmul", "Simons, David", "Hollmann, Lara", "Lule, Swaib A", "Veas, Francisco", "Abdel Hamid, Muzamil Mahdi", "Dar, Osman", "Edwards, Sarah", "Vairo, Francesco", "McHugh, Timothy D", "Drosten, Christian", "Kock, Richard", "Ippolito, Giuseppe", "Zumla, Alimuddin"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32119980", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32411271, "pmcid": "PMC7221385", "title": "COVID-19 social distancing and sexual activity in a sample of the British Public.", "journal": "J Sex Med", "authors": ["Jacob, Louis", "Smith, Lee", "Butler, Laurie", "Barnett, Yvonne", "Grabovac, Igor", "McDermott, Daragh", "Armstrong, Nicola", "Yakundi, Annita", "Tully, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32411271", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 23rd March 2020 the UK government released self-isolation guidance to reduce the risk of transmission of SARS-Cov-2. The influence such guidance has on sexual activity is not known. To investigate levels and correlates of sexual activity during COVID-19 self-isolation in a sample of the UK public. This paper presents pre-planned interim analyses of data from a cross-sectional epidemiological study, administered through an online survey. Sexual activity was measured using the following question: \"On average after self-isolating how many times have you engaged in sexual activity weekly?\" Demographic and clinical data was collected, including sex, age, marital status, employment, annual household income, region, current smoking status, current alcohol consumption, number of chronic physical conditions, number of chronic psychiatric conditions, any physical symptom experienced during self-isolation, and number of days of self-isolation. The association between several factors (independent variables) and sexual activity (dependent variable) was studied using a multivariable logistic regression model. 868 individuals were included in this study. There were 63.1% of women, and 21.8% of adults who were aged between 25 and 34 years. During self-isolation, 39.9% of the population reported engaging in sexual activity at least once per week. Variables significantly associated with sexual activity (dependent variable) were being male, a younger age, being married or in a domestic partnership, consuming alcohol, and a higher number of days of self-isolation/social distancing. In this sample of 868 UK adults self-isolating owing to the COVID-19 pandemic the prevalence of sexual activity was lower than 40%. Those reporting particularly low levels of sexual activity included females, older adults, those not married, and those who abstain from alcohol consumption. This is the first study to investigate sexual activity during the UK COVID-19 self-isolation/social distancing. Participants were asked to self-report their sexual activity potentially introducing self-reporting bias into the findings. Second, analyses were cross-sectional and thus it is not possible to determine trajectories of sexual activity during the current pandemic. Interventions to promote health and wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic should consider positive sexual health messages in mitigating the detrimental health consequences in relation to self-isolation and should target those with the lowest levels of sexual activity."}, {"pmid": 32358609, "pmcid": "PMC7197558", "title": "The COVID-19 outbreak and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: too little or too much?", "journal": "Nephrol Dial Transplant", "authors": ["Essig, Marie", "Matt, Morgan", "Massy, Ziad"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358609", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283138, "pmcid": "PMC7151530", "title": "A cluster of pneumonia associated with the SARS-Cov-2 outside of Wuhan related to a house-warming banquet.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Liu, Luxiang", "Quan, Jingjing", "Lv, Jiaojian", "Long, Siqin", "Hu, Wei", "Zhuge, Huang", "Zhou, Zhihui", "Zhao, Dongdong"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283138", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32413608, "pmcid": "PMC7211569", "title": "HIV care in times of the COVID-19 crisis - Where are we now in Central and Eastern Europe?", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kowalska, J D", "Skrzat-Klapaczynska, A", "Bursa, D", "Balayan, T", "Begovac, J", "Chkhartishvili, N", "Gokengin, D", "Harxhi, A", "Jilich, D", "Jevtovic, D", "Kase, K", "Lakatos, B", "Matulionyte, R", "Mulabdic, V", "Nagit, A", "Papadopoulos, A", "Stefanovic, M", "Vassilenko, A", "Vasylyev, M", "Yancheva, N", "Yurin, O", "Horban, A"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413608", "countries": ["Czechia", "Moldova, Republic of", "Bulgaria", "Albania", "Lithuania", "Serbia", "Ukraine", "Estonia", "Poland", "Georgia", "Greece", "Russian Federation", "Croatia", "Armenia", "Belarus", "Turkey", "North Macedonia", "Hungary"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has hit the European region disproportionately. Many HIV clinics share staff and logistics with infectious disease facilities, which are now on the frontline in tackling COVID-19. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of the current pandemic situation on HIV care and continuity of antiretroviral treatment (ART) supplies in CEE countries. The Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe (ECEE) Network Group was established in February 2016 to review standards of care for HIV in the region. The group consists of professionals actively involved in HIV care. On March 19, 2020 we decided to review the status of HIV care sustainability in the face of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Europe. For this purpose, we constructed an online survey consisting of 23 questions. Respondents were recruited from ECEE members in 22 countries, based on their involvement in HIV care, and contacted via email. In total, 19 countries responded: Albania, Armenia, Belarus, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Macedonia, Poland, Republic of Moldova, Russia, Serbia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Most of the respondents were infectious disease physicians directly involved in HIV care (17/19). No country reported HIV clinic closures. HIV clinics were operating normally in only six countries (31.6%). In 11 countries (57.9%) physicians were sharing HIV and COVID-19 care duties. None of the countries expected shortage of ART in the following 2 weeks; however, five physicians expressed uncertainty about the following 2 months. At the time of providing responses, ten countries (52.6%) had HIV-positive persons under quarantine. A shortage of resources is evident, with an impact on HIV care inevitable. We need to prepare to operate with minimal medical resources, with the aim of securing constant supplies of ART. Non-governmental organizations should re-evaluate their earlier objectives and support efforts to ensure continuity of ART delivery."}, {"pmid": 32505514, "title": "COVID-19 infection during the third trimester of pregnancy: Current clinical dilemmas.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Fontanella, F", "Hannes, S", "Keating, N", "Martyn, F", "Browne, I", "Briet, J", "McAuliffe, F M", "Baalman, J H"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505514", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32215613, "pmcid": "PMC7184340", "title": "Is There an Association Between COVID-19 Mortality and the Renin-Angiotensin System-a Call for Epidemiologic Investigations.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hanff, Thomas C", "Harhay, Michael O", "Brown, Tyler S", "Cohen, Jordana B", "Mohareb, Amir M"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32215613", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension. These disorders share underlying pathophysiology related to the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that may be clinically insightful. In particular, activity of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is dysregulated in cardiovascular disease, and this enzyme is used by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to initiate the infection. Cardiovascular disease and pharmacologic RAS inhibition both increase ACE2 levels, which may increase the virulence of SARS-CoV-2 within the lung and heart. Conversely, mechanistic evidence from related coronaviruses suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection may downregulate ACE2, leading to toxic overaccumulation of Angiotensin II that induces acute respiratory distress syndrome and fulminant myocarditis. RAS inhibition could mitigate this effect. With conflicting mechanistic evidence, we propose key clinical research priorities necessary to clarify the role of RAS inhibition in COVID-19 mortality that could be rapidly addressed by the international research community."}, {"pmid": 32209384, "pmcid": "PMC7163181", "title": "Wuhan and Hubei COVID-19 mortality analysis reveals the critical role of timely supply of medical resources.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhang, Zuqin", "Yao, Wei", "Wang, Yan", "Long, Cheng", "Fu, Xinmiao"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209384", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379057, "pmcid": "PMC7244021", "title": "Preventive strategy for the clinical treatment of hip fractures in the elderly during the COVID-19 outbreak: Wuhan's experience.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Liu, Jing", "Mi, Bobin", "Hu, Liangcong", "Xiong, Yuan", "Xue, Hang", "Zhou, Wu", "Cao, Faqi", "Liu, Mengfei", "Chen, Lang", "Yan, Chenchen", "Li, Hui", "Liu, Guohui"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379057", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hip fractures in the elderly account for more than half of osteoporotic fractures and represent a substantial economic and social burden. Novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19), which began to spread in December 2019, has created challenges in the management of elderly hip fracture patients, not only by influencing the choice of operation and postoperative rehabilitation methods, but also by generating new risks for the medical staff. During this period, our infection and orthopedic treatment unit in the center of the epidemic area effectively treated 82 elderly patients with hip fracture, and no cross-infection occurred. Therefore, our experience in prevention and treatment is worth recommending to frontline anti-epidemic personnel."}, {"pmid": 32092296, "pmcid": "PMC7102595", "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: What the Department of Radiology Should Know.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Kooraki, Soheil", "Hosseiny, Melina", "Myers, Lee", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32092296", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China. Since then, this highly contagious COVID-19 has been spreading worldwide, with a rapid rise in the number of deaths. Novel COVID-19-infected pneumonia (NCIP) is characterized by fever, fatigue, dry cough, and dyspnea. A variety of chest imaging features have been reported, similar to those found in other types of coronavirus syndromes. The purpose of the present review is to briefly discuss the known epidemiology and the imaging findings of coronavirus syndromes, with a focus on the reported imaging findings of NCIP. Moreover, the authors review precautions and safety measures for radiology department personnel to manage patients with known or suspected NCIP. Implementation of a robust plan in the radiology department is required to prevent further transmission of the virus to patients and department staff members."}, {"pmid": 32249108, "pmcid": "PMC7132506", "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249108", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32337859, "pmcid": "PMC7267487", "title": "Two distinct cases with COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Kim, Yaerim", "Kwon, Ohyun", "Paek, Jin H", "Park, Woo Y", "Jin, Kyubok", "Hyun, Miri", "Lee, Ji Y", "Kim, Hyun A", "Han, Seungyeup"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32337859", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The fatality of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is precipitously increased in patients with underlying comorbidities or elderly people. Kidney transplant (KT) recipients are one of the vulnerable populations for infection. COVID-19 infection in KT recipients might be a complicated and awkward situation, but there has been a lack of reports concerning this group. Herein, we demonstrated two distinct cases with different clinical progress. The first case was a 36-year-old man who underwent KT 3\u00a0years ago. He was diagnosed with COVID-19 expressing relevant symptoms. Following administration of lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine with reduced immunosuppressant, he recovered from COVID-19. However, the unexpected fluctuations in tacrolimus trough levels needed to be managed because of drug-to-drug interaction. The second case was developed in a 56-year-old man without any symptoms. He received a second KT from an ABO-incompatible donor 8\u00a0years ago. He was diagnosed with COVID-19 by screening due to exposure history. During the hospitalization period, the chest infiltrative lesion showed a wax and wane, but he successfully recovered by administration of hydroxychloroquine with azithromycin. These apparently different cases suggest that assertive screening and management could improve the clinical course. In addition, antiviral agents should be used cautiously, especially in patients on calcineurin inhibitors."}, {"pmid": 32294562, "pmcid": "PMC7152904", "title": "A search for medications to treat COVID-19 via in silico molecular docking models of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and 3CL protease.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hall, Donald C Jr", "Ji, Hai-Feng"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294562", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 has now been declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. There is an emergent need to search for possible medications. Utilization of the available sequence information, homology modeling, and in slico docking a number of available medications might prove to be effective in inhibiting the SARS-CoV-2 two main drug targets, the spike glycoprotein, and the 3CL protease. Several compounds were determined from the in silico docking models that might prove to be effective inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2. Several antiviral medications: Zanamivir, Indinavir, Saquinavir, and Remdesivir show potential as and 3CLPRO main proteinase inhibitors and as a treatment for COVID-19. Zanamivir, Indinavir, Saquinavir, and Remdesivir are among the exciting hits on the 3CLPRO main proteinase. It is also exciting to uncover that Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) Adeflavin, B2 deficiency medicine, and Coenzyme A, a coenzyme, may also be potentially used for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. The use of these off-label medications may be beneficial in the treatment of the COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32523922, "pmcid": "PMC7279909", "title": "Thrombocytopenia in the Course of COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["Lorenzo-Villalba, Noel", "Zulfiqar, Abrar-Ahmad", "Auburtin, Marc", "Schuhmacher, Marie Helene", "Meyer, Alain", "Maouche, Yasmine", "Keller, Olivier", "Andres, Emmanuel"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523922", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report three cases of severe thrombocytopenia during COVID-19 infection associated with either cutaneous purpura or mucosal bleeding. The initial investigations ruled out other causes of thrombocytopenia. Two of the patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulins and eltrombopag, while the third recovered spontaneously. A good clinical and biological response was achieved in all patients leading to hospital discharge. Immune thrombocytopenia should be considered in COVID-19-infected patients presenting with thrombocytopenia.Coronavirus-related thrombocytopenia can be severe and life-threatening.Despite the severity of coronavirus-related immune thrombocytopenia, recovery may be spontaneous or achieved following immunoglobulin or platelet growth factor administration."}, {"pmid": 32357997, "title": "Coagulopathy associated with COVID-19.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Lee, Stephanie G", "Fralick, Michael", "Sholzberg, Michelle"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357997", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32401039, "title": "Glycemic control of type 2 diabetic patients with coronavirus disease during hospitalization: a proposal for early insulin therapy.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Nakhleh, Afif", "Shehadeh, Naim"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401039", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32201354, "pmcid": "PMC7102597", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: fear versus data.", "journal": "Int J Antimicrob Agents", "authors": ["Roussel, Yanis", "Giraud-Gatineau, Audrey", "Jimeno, Marie-Therese", "Rolain, Jean-Marc", "Zandotti, Christine", "Colson, Philippe", "Raoult, Didier"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201354", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus from China, is spreading around the world, causing a huge reaction despite its current low incidence outside China and the Far East. Four common coronaviruses are in current circulation and cause millions of cases worldwide. This article compares the incidence and mortality rates of these four common coronaviruses with those of SARS-CoV-2 in Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries. It is concluded that the problem of SARS-CoV-2 is probably being overestimated, as 2.6 million people die of respiratory infections each year compared with less than 4000 deaths for SARS-CoV-2 at the time of writing."}, {"pmid": 32222208, "pmcid": "PMC7270951", "title": "US public health budget cuts in the face of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Devi, Sharmila"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222208", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467096, "title": "Clinicopathological characteristics of 8697 patients with COVID-19 in China: meta-analysis.", "journal": "Fam Med Community Health", "authors": ["Khan, Moien A B", "Soteriades, Elpidoforos", "Al Falasi, Reem Juma", "Saleem, Adeel"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467096", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391367, "pmcid": "PMC7191079", "title": "The Malnutritional Status of the Host as a Virulence Factor for New Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Front Med (Lausanne)", "authors": ["Briguglio, Matteo", "Pregliasco, Fabrizio Ernesto", "Lombardi, Giovanni", "Perazzo, Paolo", "Banfi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391367", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277763, "pmcid": "PMC7262302", "title": "Practical Guidance for Managing EMG Requests and Testing during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Muscle Nerve", "authors": ["Kassardjian, Charles D", "Desai, Urvi", "Narayanaswami, Pushpa"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277763", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated cancelation of elective or non-urgent contact with the healthcare system, including non-urgent nerve conduction studies and electromyography (electrodiagnostic [EDX] studies). The definitions of elective and non-urgent are physician judgments, and often are not straightforward. Clinical care must be provided to help our patients in a timely manner, while keeping them, health care personnel and the community safe. Benefit/risk stratification is an important part of this process. We have stratified EDX studies into 3 categories: Urgent, Non-urgent and Possibly Urgent, in an effort to help clinicians triage these referrals. For each category, we provide a rationale and some examples. However, each referral must be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, and the clinical situation will evolve over time, necessitating flexibility in managing EDX triaging. Engaging the referring clinician and, at times, the patient, may be useful in the triage process. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32430456, "title": "Outcomes in Patients With Hyperglycemia Affected by Covid-19: Can We Do More on Glycemic Control?", "journal": "Diabetes Care", "authors": ["Sardu, Celestino", "D'Onofrio, Nunzia", "Balestrieri, Maria Luisa", "Barbieri, Michelangela", "Rizzo, Maria Rosaria", "Messina, Vincenzo", "Maggi, Paolo", "Coppola, Nicola", "Paolisso, Giuseppe", "Marfella, Raffaele"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430456", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An important prognostic factor in any form of infection seems to be glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is no information about the effects of tight glycemic control on Covid-19 outcomes in patients with hyperglycemia. Therefore, we examined the effects of optimal glycemic control in patients with hyperglycemia affected by Covid-19. Fifty-nine patients with Covid-19 hospitalized with moderate disease were evaluated. On the basis of admission glycemia >7.77 mmol/L, patients were divided into hyperglycemic and normoglycemic groups. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and D-dimer levels were evaluated at admission and weekly during hospitalization. The composite end point was severe disease, admission to an intensive care unit, use of mechanical ventilation, or death. Thirty-four (57.6%) patients were normoglycemic and 25 (42.4%) were hyperglycemic. In the hyperglycemic group, 7 (28%) and 18 (72%) patients were diagnosed with diabetes already before admission, and 10 (40%) and 15 (60%) were treated without and with insulin infusion, respectively. The mean of glycemia during hospitalization was 10.65 \u00b1 0.84 mmol/L in the no insulin infusion group and 7.69 \u00b1 1.85 mmol/L in the insulin infusion group. At baseline, IL-6 and D-dimer levels were significantly higher in the hyperglycemic group than in the normoglycemic group (P < 0.001). Despite that all patients were on standard treatment for Covid-19 infection, IL-6 and D-dimer levels persisted higher in patients with hyperglycemia during hospitalization. In a risk-adjusted Cox regression analysis, both patients with hyperglycemia and patients with diabetes had a higher risk of severe disease than those without diabetes and with normoglycemia. Cox regression analysis evidenced that patients with hyperglycemia treated with insulin infusion had a lower risk of severe disease than patients without insulin infusion. Insulin infusion may be an effective method for achieving glycemic targets and improving outcomes in patients with Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32397643, "title": "Potential Drugs Targeting Early Innate Immune Evasion of SARS-Coronavirus 2 via 2'-O-Methylation of Viral RNA.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Encinar, Jose Antonio", "Menendez, Javier A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397643", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the COVID-19 respiratory disease pandemic utilizes unique 2'-O-methyltransferase (2'-O-MTase) capping machinery to camouflage its RNA from innate immune recognition. The nsp16 catalytic subunit of the 2'-O-MTase is unusual in its requirement for a stimulatory subunit (nsp10) to catalyze the ribose 2'-O-methylation of the viral RNA cap. Here we provide a computational basis for drug repositioning or de novo drug development based on three differential traits of the intermolecular interactions of the SARS-CoV-2-specific nsp16/nsp10 heterodimer, namely: (1) the S-adenosyl-l-methionine-binding pocket of nsp16, (2) the unique \"activating surface\" between nsp16 and nsp10, and (3) the RNA-binding groove of nsp16. We employed \u22489000 U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved investigational and experimental drugs from the DrugBank repository for docking virtual screening. After molecular dynamics calculations of the stability of the binding modes of high-scoring nsp16/nsp10-drug complexes, we considered their pharmacological overlapping with functional modules of the virus-host interactome that is relevant to the viral lifecycle, and to the clinical features of COVID-19. Some of the predicted drugs (e.g., tegobuvir, sonidegib, siramesine, antrafenine, bemcentinib, itacitinib, or phthalocyanine) might be suitable for repurposing to pharmacologically reactivate innate immune restriction and antagonism of SARS-CoV-2 RNAs lacking 2'-O-methylation."}, {"pmid": 32404674, "pmcid": "PMC7268856", "title": "Operationalizing the Operating Room: Ensuring Appropriate Surgical Care in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Wick, Elizabeth C", "Pierce, Logan", "Conte, Michael C", "Sosa, Julie Ann"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404674", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282455, "pmcid": "PMC7228448", "title": "Life in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Curr Sports Med Rep", "authors": ["Roberts, William O"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282455", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442315, "title": "Alternative splicing of ACE2 possibly generates variants that may limit the entry of SARS-CoV-2: a potential therapeutic approach using SSOs.", "journal": "Clin Sci (Lond)", "authors": ["Rehman, Sayeed Ur", "Tabish, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442315", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays an essential role in maintaining the balance of the renin-angiotensin system and also serves as a receptor for the SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and HCoV-NL63. Following the recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection, there has been an urgent need to develop therapeutic interventions. ACE2 is a potential target for many treatment approaches for the SARS-CoV-2. With the help of bioinformatics, we have predicted several novel exons of the human ACE2 gene. The inclusion of novel exons located in the 5'UTR/intronic region in the mature transcript may remove the critical ACE2 residues responsible for the interaction with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2, thus preventing their binding and entry into the cell. Additionally, inclusion of a novel predicted exons located in the 3'UTR by alternative splicing may remove the C-terminal transmembrane domain of ACE2 and generate soluble ACE2 isoforms. Splice-switching antisense oligonucleotides (SSOs) have been employed effectively as a therapeutic strategy in several disease conditions. Alternative splicing of the ACE2 gene could similarly be modulated using SSOs to exclude critical domains required for the entry of SARS-CoV-2. Strategies can also be designed to deliver these SSOs directly to the lungs in order to minimize the damage caused by SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis."}, {"pmid": 32413617, "pmcid": "PMC7207101", "title": "Addressing psychosocial problems associated with the COVID-19 lockdown.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Mackolil, Julia", "Mackolil, Joby"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32413617", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The lockdown imposed by the governments of various countries to contain the spread of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is associated with various psychosocial problems. The complications within the family and time management issues that can occur during this time period are explored. The stigma and anxiety associated with the coronavirus disease are also addressed. It is noted that the problems faced by vulnerable communities including individuals with substance use disorder (SUD) tend to be ignored. These crucial areas that psychologists and mental health professionals should consider before providing intervention are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32516046, "title": "Negligence, trauma and nervous shock.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Griffith, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516046", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, considers whether nurses who have suffered psychological trauma because of the negligent handling of the COVID-19 outbreak can claim compensation."}, {"pmid": 32374472, "pmcid": "PMC7267178", "title": "Comments on \"Cross-species transmission of the newly identified coronavirus 2019-nCoV\".", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Qian, Jiating", "Feng, Yifan", "Li, Jie"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374472", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After reading the article speculating that novel coronavirus from Wuhan may be transmitted to humans through snakes, I think the most critical analysis method is synonymous codon usage analysis, which estimated the relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) of the 2019-nCoV and its potential hosts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32400361, "pmcid": "PMC7219031", "title": "Projected early spread of COVID-19 in Africa through 1 June 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Pearson, Carl Ab", "Van Schalkwyk, Cari", "Foss, Anna M", "O'Reilly, Kathleen M", "Sacema Modelling And Analysis Response Team", "Cmmid Covid-Working Group", "Pulliam, Juliet Rc"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400361", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "For 45 African countries/territories already reporting COVID-19 cases before 23 March 2020, we estimate the dates of reporting 1,000 and 10,000 cases. Assuming early epidemic trends without interventions, all 45 were\u00a0likely to exceed 1,000 confirmed cases by the end of April 2020, with most exceeding 10,000 a few weeks later."}, {"pmid": 32489175, "pmcid": "PMC7268274", "title": "Letter to the editor: SARS-CoV-2 detection by real-time RT-PCR.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Pillonel, Trestan", "Scherz, Valentin", "Jaton, Katia", "Greub, Gilbert", "Bertelli, Claire"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489175", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32344395, "title": "The Role of the Renin-Angiotensin System in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-CoV-2 Infection.", "journal": "Blood Purif", "authors": ["Alfano, Gaetano", "Guaraldi, Giovanni", "Fontana, Francesco", "Ferrari, Annachiara", "Magistroni, Riccardo", "Mussini, Cristina", "Cappelli, Gianni"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344395", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375884, "pmcid": "PMC7202463", "title": "Clinical evidence based review and recommendations of aerosol generating medical procedures in otolaryngology - head and neck surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Thamboo, Andrew", "Lea, Jane", "Sommer, Doron D", "Sowerby, Leigh", "Abdalkhani, Arman", "Diamond, Christopher", "Ham, Jennifer", "Heffernan, Austin", "Cai Long, M", "Phulka, Jobanjit", "Wu, Yu Qi", "Yeung, Phillip", "Lammers, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375884", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Aerosol generating medical procedures (AGMPs) present risks to health care workers (HCW) due to airborne transmission of pathogens. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is essential for HCWs to recognize which procedures are potentially aerosolizing so that appropriate infection prevention precautions can be taken. The aim of this literature review was to identify potential AGMPs in Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery and provide evidence-based recommendations. A literature search was performed on Medline, Embase and Cochrane Review databases up to April 3, 2020. All titles and abstracts of retrieved studies were evaluated and all studies mentioning potential AGMPs were included for formal review. Full text of included studies were assessed by two reviewers and the quality of the studies was evaluated. Ten categories of potential AGMPs were developed and recommendations were provided for each category. Direct evidence indicates that CO2 laser ablation, the use of high-speed rotating devices, electrocautery and endotracheal suctioning are AGMPs. Indirect evidence indicates that tracheostomy should be considered as potential AGMPs. Nasal endoscopy and nasal packing/epistaxis management can result in droplet transmission, but it is unknown if these procedures also carry the risk of airborne transmission. During the COVID-19 pandemic, special care should be taken when CO2 lasers, electrocautery and high-speed rotating devices are used in potentially infected tissue. Tracheal procedures like tracheostomy and endotracheal suctioning can also result in airborne transmission via small virus containing aerosols."}, {"pmid": 32434092, "pmcid": "PMC7252159", "title": "Psychological Outcomes Associated with Stay-at-Home Orders and the Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Daily Life.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Tull, Matthew T", "Edmonds, Keith A", "Scamaldo, Kayla M", "Richmond, Julia R", "Rose, Jason P", "Gratz, Kim L"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434092", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the widespread implementation of extraordinary physical distancing interventions (e.g., stay-at-home orders) to slow the spread of the virus. Although vital, these interventions may be socially and economically disruptive, contributing to adverse psychological outcomes. This study examined relations of both stay-at-home orders and the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life to psychological outcomes (depression, health anxiety, financial worry, social support, and loneliness) in a nationwide U.S. community adult sample (N\u00a0=\u00a0500; 47% women, mean age\u00a0=\u00a040). Participants completed questionnaires assessing psychological outcomes, stay-at-home order status, and COVID-19's impact on their daily life. Being under a stay-at-home order was associated with greater health anxiety, financial worry, and loneliness. Moreover, the perceived impact of COVID-19 on daily life was positively associated with health anxiety, financial worry, and social support, but negatively associated with loneliness. Findings highlight the importance of social connection to mitigate negative psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32247324, "pmcid": "PMC7270833", "title": "Global coalition to accelerate COVID-19 clinical research in resource-limited settings.", "journal": "Lancet", "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247324", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474128, "pmcid": "PMC7255703", "title": "Should we embrace hypofractionated radiotherapy for cervical cancer? A technical note on management during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Mendez, Lucas C", "Raziee, Hamid", "Davidson, Melanie", "Velker, Vikram", "D'Souza, David", "Barnes, Elizabeth", "Leung, Eric"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474128", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cervical cancer is a deadly disease and the COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to further impact its lethality. Hypofractionated radiotherapy could mitigate this impact, however robust data in cervical cancer setting still is lacking. Information provided here could help institutions in reducing radiotherapy fractions for cervical cancer patients."}, {"pmid": 32513659, "title": "Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women admitted to hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK: national population based cohort study.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Knight, Marian", "Bunch, Kathryn", "Vousden, Nicola", "Morris, Edward", "Simpson, Nigel", "Gale, Chris", "O'Brien, Patrick", "Quigley, Maria", "Brocklehurst, Peter", "Kurinczuk, Jennifer J"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513659", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe a national cohort of pregnant women admitted to hospital with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the UK, identify factors associated with infection, and describe outcomes, including transmission of infection, for mothers and infants. Prospective national population based cohort study using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS). All 194 obstetric units in the UK. 427 pregnant women admitted to hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1 March 2020 and 14 April 2020. Incidence of maternal hospital admission and infant infection. Rates of maternal death, level 3 critical care unit admission, fetal loss, caesarean birth, preterm birth, stillbirth, early neonatal death, and neonatal unit admission. The estimated incidence of admission to hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy was 4.9 (95% confidence interval 4.5 to 5.4) per 1000 maternities. 233 (56%) pregnant women admitted to hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy were from black or other ethnic minority groups, 281 (69%) were overweight or obese, 175 (41%) were aged 35 or over, and 145 (34%) had pre-existing comorbidities. 266 (62%) women gave birth or had a pregnancy loss; 196 (73%) gave birth at term. Forty one (10%) women admitted to hospital needed respiratory support, and five (1%) women died. Twelve (5%) of 265 infants tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, six of them within the first 12 hours after birth. Most pregnant women admitted to hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection were in the late second or third trimester, supporting guidance for continued social distancing measures in later pregnancy. Most had good outcomes, and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to infants was uncommon. The high proportion of women from black or minority ethnic groups admitted with infection needs urgent investigation and explanation. ISRCTN 40092247."}, {"pmid": 32090448, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019: Implications of emerging infections for transplantation.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Michaels, Marian G", "La Hoz, Ricardo M", "Danziger-Isakov, Lara", "Blumberg, Emily A", "Kumar, Deepali", "Green, Michael", "Pruett, Timothy L", "Wolfe, Cameron R"], "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32090448", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent identification of an outbreak of 2019- novel Coronavirus is currently evolving, and the impact on transplantation is unknown. However, it is imperative that we anticipate the potential impact on the transplant community in order to avert severe consequences of this infection on both the transplant community and contacts of transplant patients."}, {"pmid": 32232422, "title": "Humans, Viruses, and the Eye-An Early Report From the COVID-19 Front Line.", "journal": "JAMA Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Sommer, Alfred"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232422", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519944, "title": "The Characteristics of 50 Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients With and Without ARDS.", "journal": "Dtsch Arztebl Int", "authors": ["Dreher, Michael", "Kersten, Alexander", "Bickenbach, Johannes", "Balfanz, Paul", "Hartmann, Bojan", "Cornelissen, Christian", "Daher, Ayham", "Stohr, Robert", "Kleines, Michael", "Lemmen, Sebastian W", "Brokmann, Jorg Christian", "Muller, Tobias", "Muller-Wieland, Dirk", "Marx, Gernot", "Marx, Nikolaus"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519944", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The type of pneumonia (coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) that is caused by the new coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2) is now spreading across the world in a pandemic. Many patients with COVID-19 were admitted to the University Hospital Aachen during an outbreak that first struck the Heinsberg district in February 2020. A comparative presentation of the clinical features of the first 50 COVID-19 patients with and without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) who were hospitalized in the University Hospital Aachen. 24 intubated patients were treated in the intensive care unit for ARDS of varying degrees of severity, while 26 patients who were breathing spontaneously without ARDS, but nevertheless needed supplemental oxygen, were treated in a separate isolation ward. The median age of the patients was 65 (IQR 58-76). The median latency from symptom onset to hospitalization was four days (IQR 1-8). Patients with ARDS had preexisting respiratory diseases more commonly than patients without ARDS (58% [95% confidence interval: 39; 76] versus 42% [26; 61]) and were more commonly overweight or obese (83% [64; 93] versus 42% [26; 61]). The two groups did not differ in viral burden but displayed significant differences in laboratory findings: ARDS patients had persistently elevated values for leukocytes, interleukin-6, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, and D-dimers over the period of observation. Patients without ARDS had persistently elevated inflammatory parameters and fever for at least one week, with an accompanying need for supplemental oxygen. Three of the patients with ARDS died of multiorgan failure, while four in the non-ARDS group died of respiratory insufficiency. This initial description of a cohort of COVID-19 patients with and without ARDS in Germany reveals that those with ARDS more commonly have preexisting respiratory diseases and obesity, as well as persistently elevated inflammatory markers. COVID-19 patients without ARDS may likewise require prolonged hospitalization because of persistently elevated inflammatory values with a simultaneous need for supplemental oxygen."}, {"pmid": 32234131, "title": "[Analysis of CT features of 15 children with 2019 novel coronavirus infection].", "journal": "Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Feng, K", "Yun, Y X", "Wang, X F", "Yang, G D", "Zheng, Y J", "Lin, C M", "Wang, L F"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234131", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To explore imaging characteristics of children with 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on clinical data and chest CT images of 15 children diagnosed with 2019-nCoV infection. They were admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen from January 16 to February 6, 2020. The distribution and morphology of pulmonary lesions on chest CT images were analyzed. Results: Among the 15 children, 5 were males and 10 females, aged from 4 to 14 years. Five of the 15 children were febrile and 10 were asymptomatic on the first visit. The first nasal or pharyngeal swab samples in all the 15 cases were positive for 2019-nCoV nucleic acid. For their first chest CT images, 6 patients had no lesions, while 9 patients had pulmonary inflammatory lesions. Seven cases had small nodular ground glass opacities and 2 cases had speckled ground glass opacities. After 3 to 5 days of treatment, 2019-nCoV nucleic acid in a second respiratory sample turned negative in 6 cases. Among them, chest CT images showed less lesions in 2 cases, no lesion in 3 cases, and no improvement in 1 case. The remaining 9 cases were still positive in a second nucleic acid test. Six patients showed similar chest CT inflammation, while 3 patients had new lesions, which were all small nodular ground glass opacities. Conclusions: The early chest CT images of children with 2019-nCoV infection are mostly small nodular ground glass opacities. The clinical symptoms of children with 2019-nCoV infection are nonspecific. Dynamic reexamination of chest CT and nucleic acid are important."}, {"pmid": 32410754, "pmcid": "PMC7221387", "title": "[RESPIRATORY REHABILITATION IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19].", "journal": "Rehabilitacion (Madr)", "authors": ["Martinez-Pizarr, S"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410754", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492197, "title": "SARS-CoV-2: A comprehensive review from pathogenicity of the virus to clinical consequences.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Lotfi, Melika", "Rezaei, Nima"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492197", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Nowadays, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, is the worldwide challenge. The virus is highly contagious, and clinical consequences were very divers. It is estimated that if no effective action is taken, COVID-19 could plague 90% of the world's population and kill over 40 million people. So, it is essential to understand the virus pathogenicity and follow the preventive methods to control the high morbidity and mortality rates. Meanwhile our current knowledge of COVID-19 is still limited, despite hard efforts of scientists and clinicians during last few months. In this review article, we have collected the latest data about characteristics, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic methods of SARS-CoV-2. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32325222, "pmcid": "PMC7194816", "title": "Reply to letter to the editor \"Lessons from COVID-19 to future evidence synthesis efforts: first living search strategy and out of date scientific publishing and indexing industry\".", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Nussbaumer-Streit, Barbara", "Klerings, Irma", "Gartlehner, Gerald"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325222", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32431120, "title": "[THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF A PANDEMIC OUTBREAK ON MEDICAL STAFF - LITERATURE REVIEW].", "journal": "Harefuah", "authors": ["Shelef, Leah", "Schiff, Miriam", "Zalsman, Gil"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431120", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared an international emergency due to the outbreak of COVID-19. In March 2020 the WHO announced that the epidemic could be characterized as a pandemic. Subsequently, the WHO acknowledged the importance of providing support to the medical teams, realizing the enormous burden and stress facing this group. The aim of the present study is to review the up-to-date professional literature dealing with the psychological impact of a pandemic outbreak on medical staff. The literature existing so-far is scarce. It does, however, provide evidence of the short- and long-term impact of such epidemics on the mental health of the medical teams. Direct exposure to affected patients, the risk of contagion, a subjectively negative perception of one's medical condition and being in isolation or quarantine, all constitute risk factors for mental symptoms such as depression, anxiety and post-trauma. A sense of control, especially regarding the means of protection and controlling infection, altruistic acceptance of the work-related risks, social support, good team-spirit in the medical unit and support from superiors are all protective factors."}, {"pmid": 32376263, "pmcid": "PMC7196549", "title": "Palliative Care in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Mercadante, Sebastiano", "Adile, Claudio", "Ferrera, Patrizia", "Giuliana, Fausto", "Terruso, Lidia", "Piccione, Tania"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376263", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After COVID-19 crisis in Italy, serious restrictions have been introduced for relatives, with limitations or prohibitions on hospital visits. To partially overcome these issues \"WhatsApp\" has been adopted to get family members to participate in clinical rounds. Family members of patients admitted to the acute palliative care unit and hospice were screened for a period of two\u00a0weeks. Four formal questions were posed: 1) Are you happy to virtually attend the clinical round? 2) Are you happy with the information gained in this occasion? 3) Do you think that your loved one was happy to see you during the clinical rounds? 4) This technology may substitute your presence during the clinical rounds? The scores were 0\u00a0=\u00a0no, 1\u00a0=\u00a0a little bit, 2\u00a0=\u00a0much, 3\u00a0=\u00a0very much. Relatives were free to comment about these points. Sixteen of 25 screened family members were interviewed. Most family members had a good impression, providing scores of 2 or 3 for the first three items. However, the real presence bedside (forth question) was considered irreplaceable. They perceived that their loved one, when admitted to hospice, had to say good-bye before dying."}, {"pmid": 32347443, "pmcid": "PMC7188520", "title": "Camostat mesilate therapy for COVID-19.", "journal": "Intern Emerg Med", "authors": ["Uno, Yoshiharu"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347443", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361628, "pmcid": "PMC7167574", "title": "Lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: Will virtual patient management reshape uro-oncology in Germany?", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Rodler, Severin", "Apfelbeck, Maria", "Stief, Christian", "Heinemann, Volker", "Casuscelli, Jozefina"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361628", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is challenging for physicians treating patients with genitourinary cancers as they are considered at high risk of severe events. The uro-oncology outpatient clinic at our academic institution was affected early by the outbreak owing to the widespread infection of healthcare personnel. Subsequently, we developed a strategy to ensure the patient's safety by efforts focused on strict quarantine observation, reduction of clinic visits and implementation of virtual patient management into the workflow. Furthermore, we analysed susceptibility to COVID-19 and its effects on patients with uro-oncological cancer treated with antitumoural agents. The goal is to warrant high-quality cancer care, despite being an academic centre on the front line of Germany's response to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32318328, "pmcid": "PMC7169934", "title": "D3Targets-2019-nCoV: a webserver for predicting drug targets and for multi-target and multi-site based virtual screening against COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Pharm Sin B", "authors": ["Shi, Yulong", "Zhang, Xinben", "Mu, Kaijie", "Peng, Cheng", "Zhu, Zhengdan", "Wang, Xiaoyu", "Yang, Yanqing", "Xu, Zhijian", "Zhu, Weiliang"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318328", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A highly effective medicine is urgently required to cure coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). For the purpose, we developed a molecular docking based webserver, namely D3Targets-2019-nCoV, with two functions, one is for predicting drug targets for drugs or active compounds observed from clinic or in vitro/in vivo studies, the other is for identifying lead compounds against potential drug targets via docking. This server has its unique features, (1) the potential target proteins and their different conformations involving in the whole process from virus infection to replication and release were included as many as possible; (2) all the potential ligand-binding sites with volume larger than 200 \u00c53 on a protein structure were identified for docking; (3) correlation information among some conformations or binding sites was annotated; (4) it is easily to be updated, and is accessible freely to public (https://www.d3pharma.com/D3Targets-2019-nCoV/index.php). Currently, the webserver contains 42 proteins [20 severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) encoded proteins and 22 human proteins involved in virus infection, replication and release] with 69 different conformations/structures and 557 potential ligand-binding pockets in total. With 6 examples, we demonstrated that the webserver should be useful to medicinal chemists, pharmacologists and clinicians for efficiently discovering or developing effective drugs against the SARS-CoV-2 to cure COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32077901, "title": "COVID-19 in Singapore-Current Experience: Critical Global Issues That Require Attention and Action.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Wong, John E L", "Leo, Yee Sin", "Tan, Chorh Chuan"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32077901", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388472, "pmcid": "PMC7192082", "title": "The implications of preliminary screening and diagnosis: Clinical characteristics of 33 mild patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Hunan, China.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Yin, Sheng", "Peng, Yizhi", "Ren, Yaping", "Hu, Min", "Tang, Lingli", "Xiang, Zhongyuan", "Li, Xianping", "Wang, Min", "Wang, Wenlong"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388472", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurred in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The disease has rapidly spread from Wuhan to other regions. To describe the clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Hunan Province in 2020. From January 19 to February 7, 2020, 33 patients with positive in nucleic acid test of pharyngeal swab were retrospectively collected and analyzed. There are 33 COVID-19 patients (16 male, 17 female), and the median age was 46 years. Nineteen patients (48 %) were associated with a family cluster outbreak. Seventeen patients (52 %) had traveled or lived in Hubei Province. These patients are early mild cases, most common symptoms are fever [23 (70 %)] and cough [13 (39 %)]. Most patients' white blood cell counts are normal, while they manifest as significant reduction in lymphocytes [17/28 (61 %)]. The levels of c-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate suggest a typical viral infection. Procalcitonin did not increase and D-dimer increased slightly. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels have elevated in most patients. CT images of these patients showed bilateral multiple plaques or nodular ground-glass opacities (68.4 %). Fecal nucleic acid results were positive in eight COVID-19 patients accompanied with diarrhea. Tear nucleic acid results were negative in six COVID-19 patients. And four asymptomatic patients were infected with SARS-CoV-2. The clinical symptoms, laboratory results and imaging reports of patients with COVID-19 in Hunan area are significantly different from those in Wuhan area. For non-Wuhan epidemic areas, more attention should be paid to nucleic acid test results of throat swabs and stools, and it is not easily to diagnose based on clinical symptoms and CT results. Reduced whole blood lymph count can be used as an adjuvant diagnosis of early SARS-CoV-2 infection. Attention should be paid to asymptomatic carriers, which is of great significance for the control of the global epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32277869, "pmcid": "PMC7194966", "title": "Respiratory health in athletes: facing the COVID-19 challenge.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Hull, James H", "Loosemore, Mike", "Schwellnus, Martin"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277869", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362299, "pmcid": "PMC7248582", "title": "Safe and informed prescribing of psychotropic medication during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Luykx, Jurjen J", "van Veen, Sisco M P", "Risselada, Arne", "Naarding, Paul", "Tijdink, Joeri K", "Vinkers, Christiaan H"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362299", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Treatment with psychotropic medication may sometimes be jeopardised because of the COVID-19 pandemic. One underlying reason is the lack of COVID-19-specific psychopharmacology guidelines. Here, we discuss five considerations arising from our clinical experience and pharmacological background knowledge to enable safe and well-informed psychopharmacotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32441802, "title": "SARS-Coronavirus-2 and acute urticaria.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Falkenhain-Lopez, Daniel", "Sanchez-Velazquez, Alba", "Lopez-Valle, Alba", "Ortiz-Frutos, Francisco J"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441802", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347683, "title": "Neurosurgery at the time of COVID-19: how this pandemic infectious disease is influencing neurosurgical activities and patient management.", "journal": "J Neurosurg Sci", "authors": ["Ricciardi, Luca", "Trungu, Sokol", "Scerrati, Alba", "De Bonis, Pasquale", "Miscusi, Massimo", "Raco, Antonino"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347683", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32453053, "pmcid": "PMC7273952", "title": "COVID-19 and the Digestive System.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Ma, Chunxiang", "Cong, Yingzi", "Zhang, Hu"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453053", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia in 2019 (Coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) is now threatening global public health. Although COVID-19 is principally defined by its respiratory symptoms, it is now clear that the virus can also affect the digestive system. In this review, we elaborate on the close relationship between COVID-19 and the digestive system, focusing on both the clinical findings and potential underlying mechanisms of COVID-19 gastrointestinal pathogenesis."}, {"pmid": 32205796, "title": "How COVID-19 Outbreak Is Impacting Colorectal Cancer Patients in Italy: A Long Shadow Beyond Infection.", "journal": "Dis Colon Rectum", "authors": ["Pellino, Gianluca", "Spinelli, Antonino"], "date": "2020-03-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32205796", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420948, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in children in Parma.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Dodi, Icilio", "Castellone, Eleonora", "Pappalardo, Marco", "Rubini, Monica", "Veronese, Piero", "Ruberto, Claudio", "Bianchi, Laura", "Iovane, Brunella", "Maffini, Valentina"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420948", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "not available."}, {"pmid": 32407255, "title": "Clinical and Chest Radiography Features Determine Patient Outcomes In Young and Middle Age Adults with COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Toussie, Danielle", "Voutsinas, Nicholas", "Finkelstein, Mark", "Cedillo, Mario A", "Manna, Sayan", "Maron, Samuel Z", "Jacobi, Adam", "Chung, Michael", "Bernheim, Adam", "Eber, Corey", "Concepcion, Jose", "Fayad, Zahi", "Gupta, Yogesh Sean"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407255", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Chest radiography (CXR) has not been validated for its prognostic utility in evaluating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze the prognostic value of a CXR severity scoring system for younger (non-elderly) patients with COVID-19 upon initial presentation to the emergency department (ED). Outcomes of interest included hospitalization, intubation, prolonged stay, sepsis, and death. Materials & Methods In this retrospective study, patients between the ages of 21 and 50 years who presented to EDs of an urban multicenter health system from March 10 - 26, 2020 with COVID-19 confirmation on real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were identified. Each patient's ED CXR was divided into 6 zones and examined for opacities by two cardiothoracic radiologists with scores collated into a total concordant lung zone severity score. Clinical and laboratory variables were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was utilized to evaluate the relationship between clinical parameters, CXR scores, and patient outcomes. Results The study included 338 patients: 210 males (62%), median age 39 [31-45]. After adjustment for demographics and co-morbidities, independent predictors of hospital admission (n=145, 43%) were CXR severity score \u2265 2 (OR: 6.2, 95% CI 3.5-11, p<0.001) and obesity (OR 2.4 (1.1-5.4) or morbid obesity. Of patients who were admitted, a CXR score \u22653 was an independent predictor of intubation (n=28) (OR: 4.7, 95% CI 1.8-13, p=0.002) as was hospital site. We found no significant difference in primary outcomes across race/ethnicity, those with a history of tobacco use, asthma or diabetes mellitus type II. Conclusion For patients aged 21-50 with COVID-19 presenting to the emergency department, a chest x-ray severity score was predictive of risk for hospital admission and intubation."}, {"pmid": 32183172, "pmcid": "PMC7141223", "title": "Prediction of the Epidemic Peak of Coronavirus Disease in Japan, 2020.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Kuniya, Toshikazu"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32183172", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The first case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan was reported on 15 January 2020 and the number of reported cases has increased day by day. The purpose of this study is to give a prediction of the epidemic peak for COVID-19 in Japan by using the real-time data from 15 January to 29 February 2020. Taking into account the uncertainty due to the incomplete identification of infective population, we apply the well-known SEIR compartmental model for the prediction. By using a least-square-based method with Poisson noise, we estimate that the basic reproduction number for the epidemic in Japan is R 0 = 2 . 6 ( 95 % CI, 2 . 4 - 2 . 8 ) and the epidemic peak could possibly reach the early-middle summer. In addition, we obtain the following epidemiological insights: (1) the essential epidemic size is less likely to be affected by the rate of identification of the actual infective population; (2) the intervention has a positive effect on the delay of the epidemic peak; (3) intervention over a relatively long period is needed to effectively reduce the final epidemic size."}, {"pmid": 32321723, "title": "What is the true incidence of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases?", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Favalli, Ennio Giulio", "Ingegnoli, Francesca", "Cimaz, Rolando", "Caporali, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321723", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322822, "pmcid": "PMC7174985", "title": "THREE INSIGHTS ON PSYCHONEUROIMMUNOLOGY OF MOOD DISORDERS TO BE TAKEN FROM THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun Health", "authors": ["Brietzke, Elisa", "Magee, Taylor", "Freire, Rafael C R", "Gomes, Fabiano A", "Milev, Roumen"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322822", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the recent months, the world was taken by surprise by the outbreak of a coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic (COVID-19). The COVID-19 pandemic is a unique opportunity to advance the understanding of the association of respiratory viruses with mood disorders and suicide. In this editorial, we explore three insights to the neuropsychoneuroimmunology of mood disorders that could be taken from the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32159317, "title": "[Comparison of epidemic characteristics between SARS in 2003 and COVID-19 in 2020 in Guangzhou].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, X Q", "Cai, W F", "Huang, L F", "Chen, C", "Liu, Y F", "Zhang, Z B", "Yuan, J", "Li, T G", "Wang, M"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32159317", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: By analyzing the epidemic characteristics and related indicators of SARS and COVID-19, to explore the reasons for the similarities and differences of the two epidemics, so as to provide reference for epidemic prevention and control. Methods: The general situation, clinical classification, activity history, contact history, family members' contact and incidence of the two infectious diseases in Guangzhou were collected and used to analyze the time characteristics, occupational characteristics, age characteristics and other key indicators of the two diseases, including the number of cases, composition ratio (%), mean, median, crude mortality, etc. Results: A total of 1 072 cases of SARS were included in the study. Three hundred and fifty three were severe cases with the incidence of 30.13%. Forty three cases of death were reported with a mortality rate of 4.01%. The average age was 46 years old, and 26.31% of the cases were medical staff. The interval time between first report to continuous zero reports was 129 days. As to COVID-19, a total of 346 cases were included. 58 of which were severe cases with the incidence of 16.67%. One case of death was reported with a mortality rate of 0.29%. The average age was 38 years old, and no hospital infection among medical staff was reported. The interval time between first report to continuous zero reports was 35 days. Conclusions: The prevention and control strategies for COVID-19 were more effective compared to that of SARS, and the emergency response procedures were worth to be evaluated and summarized."}, {"pmid": 32150796, "pmcid": "PMC7162995", "title": "How to train the health personnel for protecting themselves from novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection during their patient or suspected case care.", "journal": "J Educ Eval Health Prof", "authors": ["Huh, Sun"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32150796", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227551, "pmcid": "PMC7228207", "title": "Cancer Research Ethics and COVID-19.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Shuman, Andrew G", "Pentz, Rebecca D"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227551", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301628, "title": "Psychological assistance during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak in China.", "journal": "J Health Psychol", "authors": ["Wang, Yanbo", "Zhao, Xudong", "Feng, Qiang", "Liu, Liang", "Yao, Yuhong", "Shi, Jingyu"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301628", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Disaster psychological assistance has become an important part of the disaster relief system, playing a crucial role in restoring and maintaining emotional stability and security of people and reducing trauma-related stress. As the first country to experience the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), China actively adopted psychological assistance measures in response to the panic caused by the epidemic. These measures are expected to help the Chinese government and governments in other parts of the world to better respond to the outbreaks of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32444191, "pmcid": "PMC7235600", "title": "A message from the trench: A day in the hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Electrocardiol", "authors": ["Aisenberg, Gabriel M"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444191", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433358, "title": "Disruptive Effect of COVID-19 on Orthopaedic Daily Practice: A Cross-Sectional Survey.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Ranuccio, Francesco", "Tarducci, Lorenzo", "Familiari, Filippo", "Mastroianni, Valerio", "Giuzio, Ermenegildo"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433358", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487701, "title": "Covid-19: Frontline doctors continue PPE fight.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Shepherd, Alison"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487701", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32332295, "pmcid": "PMC7188043", "title": "The Response of the Anesthesia & Analgesia Community to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Vetter, Thomas R", "Pittet, Jean-Francois"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332295", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395943, "title": "Acute pericarditis secondary to COVID-19.", "journal": "Emergencias", "authors": ["Marschall, Alexander", "Concepcion Suarez, Ricardo", "Dejuan Bitria, Carmen", "Fernandez Pascual, Maria Concepcion"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395943", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308536, "pmcid": "PMC7153689", "title": "A Critical Appraisal of COVID-19 in Malaysia and Beyond.", "journal": "Malays J Med Sci", "authors": ["Abdullah, Jafri Malin", "Wan Ismail, Wan Faisham Nu'man", "Mohamad, Irfan", "Ab Razak, Asrenee", "Harun, Azian", "Musa, Kamarul Imran", "Lee, Yeong Yeh"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308536", "countries": ["China", "Malaysia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When the first report of COVID-19 appeared in December 2019 from Wuhan, China, the world unknowingly perceived this as another flu-like illness. Many were surprised at the extreme steps that China had subsequently taken to seal Wuhan from the rest of the world. However, by February 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19, had spread so quickly across the globe that the World Health Organization officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic. COVID-19 is not the first pandemic the world has seen, so what makes it so unique in Malaysia, is discussed to avoid a future coronacoma."}, {"pmid": 32267732, "title": "Considerations for Drug Interactions on QTc in Exploratory COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Treatment.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Roden, Dan M", "Harrington, Robert A", "Poppas, Athena", "Russo, Andrea M"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267732", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425296, "pmcid": "PMC7227514", "title": "Opinion: An Increase in Severe Late-Dental Complications May Result from Reliance on Home Dental Remedies During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Yakubov, Dorin", "Ward, Max", "Ward, Brittany", "Raymond, George F", "Paskhover, Boris"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425296", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386473, "title": "Postoperative fever in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Surg", "authors": ["Bourget-Murray, Jonathan", "Heard, Bryan J", "Bansal, Rohit", "Johnson, Andrew S", "Powell, James"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386473", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Postoperative fever is common following orthopedic trauma surgery. As the prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection increases in the community, migration into the acute care hospital setting intensifies, creating confusion when fever develops postoperatively. The transmission dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 make it difficult to adequately gauge and pinpoint risk groups with questionnaires at the time of hospital admission. This is particularly problematic when asymptomatic or presymptomatic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 require urgent surgery and cannot be screened effectively. One approach is to treat every patient as though they were SARS-CoV-2-positive in preparation for surgery, but doing so could exacerbate shortages of personal protective equipment and staffing limitations. Uncertainty regarding the etiology of postoperative fever could be significantly reduced by universal SARS-CoV-2 testing of all surgical patients at the time of hospital admission in addition to routine screening, but testing capacity and a rapid turnaround time would be required."}, {"pmid": 32098302, "pmcid": "PMC7168632", "title": "Emergence of Novel Coronavirus 2019-nCoV: Need for Rapid Vaccine and Biologics Development.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Shanmugaraj, Balamurugan", "Malla, Ashwini", "Phoolcharoen, Waranyoo"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32098302", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is an emerging pathogen that was first identified in Wuhan, China in late December 2019. This virus is responsible for the ongoing outbreak that causes severe respiratory illness and pneumonia-like infection in humans. Due to the increasing number of cases in China and outside China, the WHO declared coronavirus as a global health emergency. Nearly 35,000 cases were reported and at least 24 other countries or territories have reported coronavirus cases as early on as February. Inter-human transmission was reported in a few countries, including the United States. Neither an effective anti-viral nor a vaccine is currently available to treat this infection. As the virus is a newly emerging pathogen, many questions remain unanswered regarding the virus's reservoirs, pathogenesis, transmissibility, and much more is unknown. The collaborative efforts of researchers are needed to fill the knowledge gaps about this new virus, to develop the proper diagnostic tools, and effective treatment to combat this infection. Recent advancements in plant biotechnology proved that plants have the ability to produce vaccines or biopharmaceuticals rapidly in a short time. In this review, the outbreak of 2019-nCoV in China, the need for rapid vaccine development, and the potential of a plant system for biopharmaceutical development are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32268168, "pmcid": "PMC7130538", "title": "Rational hand hygiene during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Cavanagh, Gregory", "Wambier, Carlos Gustavo"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268168", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213307, "pmcid": "PMC7156809", "title": "Dermatology practices as vectors for COVID-19 transmission: A call for immediate cessation of nonemergent dermatology visits.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Kwatra, Shawn G", "Sweren, Ronald J", "Grossberg, Anna L"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213307", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32494855, "pmcid": "PMC7268187", "title": "Mild COVID-19 symptoms despite treatment with teriflunomide and high-dose methylprednisolone due to multiple sclerosis relapse.", "journal": "J Neurol", "authors": ["Mohn, Nora", "Saker, Firas", "Bonda, Viktoria", "Respondek, Gesine", "Bachmann, Marcus", "Stoll, Matthias", "Wattjes, Mike P", "Stangel, Martin", "Skripuletz, Thomas"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494855", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522574, "title": "Coping with hypoxemia: Could erythropoietin (EPO) be an adjuvant treatment of COVID-19?", "journal": "Respir Physiol Neurobiol", "authors": ["Soliz, Jorge", "Schneider-Gasser, Edith M", "Arias-Reyes, Christian", "Aliaga-Raduan, Fernanda", "Poma-Machicao, Liliana", "Zubieta-Calleja, Gustavo", "Furuya, Werner I", "Trevizan-Bau, Pedro", "Dhingra, Rishi R", "Dutschmann, Mathias"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522574", "countries": ["United States", "China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A very recent epidemiological study provides preliminary evidence that living in habitats located at 2500\u2009m above sea level and higher might protect from the development of severe respiratory symptoms following infection with the novel SARS-CoV-2 virus. This epidemiological finding raises the question of whether physiological mechanisms underlying the acclimatization to high altitude identifies therapeutic targets for the effective treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome pivotal to the reduction of global mortality during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article compares the symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS) with those of SARS-CoV-2 infection and explores overlapping patho-physiological mechanisms of the respiratory system including impaired oxygen transport, pulmonary gas exchange and brainstem circuits controlling respiration. In this context, we also discuss the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on oxygen sensing in the carotid body. Finally, since erythropoietin (EPO) is an effective treatment for AMS, this article reviews the potential benefits of implementing FDA-approved erythropoietin-based (EPO) drug therapies to counteract a variety of acute respiratory and non-respiratory (e.g. excessive inflammation of vascular beds) symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection. High-altitude environments of 2500\u2009m above sea level (masl) are characterized by barometric hypoxia. Chronic exposure to hypobaric hypoxia in such extreme and adverse environments evokes short- and long-term physiologic adaptations to maintain tissue oxygen levels at high altitude in animals and humans. Recent work suggests that high altitude dewellers, in particular in American countries and Tibet (Arias-Reyes et al., 2020; Ortiz-Prado et al., 2020), may present with lower infection rates and/or less severe symptoms of COVID-19 compared to lowlanders (Arias-Reyes et al., 2020; Lei et al., 2020; Ortiz-Prado et al., 2020). This epidemiologic finding raises the question of whether physiological mechanisms underlying the acclimatization to high altitude or in turn the development of acute mountain sickness (AMS), may provide potential avenues for understanding the severity of symptoms and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we provide a survey of similarities of acute mountain sickness to COVID-19 and suggest that the physiologic response to high altitude, characterized by an increase in erythropoietin (EPO), may provide a framework to develop an adjuvant therapy in COVID-19. Indeed, a recently published case study from Iran supports EPO as an effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patho-physiology (Hadadi et al., 2020)."}, {"pmid": 32220178, "title": "[Biological Product Development Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019].", "journal": "Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Yan, Cai-Xia", "Li, Jia", "Shen, Xin", "Luo, Li", "Li, Yan", "Li, Ming-Yuan"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220178", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus, also known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), has become a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Due to the large infection population, broad transmissibility and high mortality, it is urgent to find out the efficient and specific methods to prevent and treat COVID-19. As biological products have broadly applied in the prevention and treatment of severe epidemic diseases, they are promising in blocking novel coronavirus infection. According to the research advances of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), we reviewed the potential application of biological products such as interferon, convalescent plasma, intestinal micro-ecological regulators, vaccines and therapeutic antibodies, etc. , on prevention and treatment of COVID-19. May this review be helpful for conquering COVID-19 in the near future."}, {"pmid": 32361635, "pmcid": "PMC7195270", "title": "A mechanistic analysis placental intravascular thrombus formation in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Ann Diagn Pathol", "authors": ["Mulvey, J Justin", "Magro, Cynthia M", "Ma, Lucy X", "Nuovo, Gerard J", "Baergen, Rebecca N"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361635", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the disease caused by the novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is increasingly being recognized as a systemic thrombotic and microvascular injury syndrome that may have its roots in complement activation. We had the opportunity to study the placental pathology of five full-term births to COVID-19 patients. All five exhibited histology indicative of fetal vascular malperfusion characterized by focal avascular villi and thrombi in larger fetal vessels. Vascular complement deposition in the placentas was not abnormal, and staining for viral RNA and viral spike protein was negative. While all cases resulted in healthy, term deliveries, these findings indicate the systemic nature of COVID-19 infection. The finding of vascular thrombosis without complement deposition may reflect the systemic nature of COVID-19's procoagulant effects unrelated to systemic complement activation."}, {"pmid": 32350928, "pmcid": "PMC7267640", "title": "Rethinking the role of hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "FASEB J", "authors": ["Meyerowitz, Eric A", "Vannier, Augustin G L", "Friesen, Morgan G N", "Schoenfeld, Sara", "Gelfand, Jeffrey A", "Callahan, Michael V", "Kim, Arthur Y", "Reeves, Patrick M", "Poznansky, Mark C"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350928", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are currently no proven or approved treatments for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Early anecdotal reports and limited\u00a0in vitro data led to the significant uptake of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), and to lesser extent chloroquine (CQ), for many patients with this disease. As an increasing number of patients with COVID-19 are treated with these agents and more evidence accumulates, there continues to be no high-quality clinical data showing a clear benefit of these agents for this disease. Moreover, these agents have the potential to cause harm, including a broad range of adverse events including serious cardiac\u00a0side effects when combined with other agents. In addition, the known and potent immunomodulatory effects of these agents which support their use in the treatment of auto-immune conditions, and provided a component in the original rationale for their use in\u00a0patients with COVID-19, may, in fact, undermine their utility in the context of the treatment of this respiratory viral infection. Specifically, the impact of HCQ on cytokine production and suppression of antigen presentation may have immunologic consequences that hamper innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses for patients with COVID-19. Similarly, the reported in vitro inhibition of viral proliferation is largely derived from the blockade of viral fusion that initiates infection rather than the direct inhibition of viral replication as seen with nucleoside/tide analogs in other viral infections. Given these facts and the growing uncertainty about these agents for the treatment of COVID-19, it is clear that at the very least thoughtful planning and data collection from randomized clinical trials are needed to understand what if any role these agents may have in this disease. In this article, we review the datasets that support or\u00a0detract from the use of these agents\u00a0for the treatment of COVID-19 and render a data informed opinion that they should only be used with caution and in the context of carefully thought out clinical trials, or on a case-by-case basis after rigorous consideration of the risks and benefits of this therapeutic approach."}, {"pmid": 32427106, "pmcid": "PMC7265654", "title": "Tracking Social Media Discourse About the COVID-19 Pandemic: Development of a Public Coronavirus Twitter Data Set.", "journal": "JMIR Public Health Surveill", "authors": ["Chen, Emily", "Lerman, Kristina", "Ferrara, Emilio"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427106", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At the time of this writing, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak has already put tremendous strain on many countries' citizens, resources, and economies around the world. Social distancing measures, travel bans, self-quarantines, and business closures are changing the very fabric of societies worldwide. With people forced out of public spaces, much of the conversation about these phenomena now occurs online on social media platforms like Twitter. In this paper, we describe a multilingual COVID-19 Twitter data set that we are making available to the research community via our COVID-19-TweetIDs GitHub repository. We started this ongoing data collection on January 28, 2020, leveraging Twitter's streaming application programming interface (API) and Tweepy to follow certain keywords and accounts that were trending at the time data collection began. We used Twitter's search API to query for past tweets, resulting in the earliest tweets in our collection dating back to January 21, 2020. Since the inception of our collection, we have actively maintained and updated our GitHub repository on a weekly basis. We have published over 123 million tweets, with over 60% of the tweets in English. This paper also presents basic statistics that show that Twitter activity responds and reacts to COVID-19-related events. It is our hope that our contribution will enable the study of online conversation dynamics in the context of a planetary-scale epidemic outbreak of unprecedented proportions and implications. This data set could also help track COVID-19-related misinformation and unverified rumors or enable the understanding of fear and panic-and undoubtedly more."}, {"pmid": 32356294, "title": "Platelets in Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Semin Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["Larsen, Julie Brogaard", "Pasalic, Leonardo", "Hvas, Anne-Mette"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356294", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447846, "title": "[Feasibility analysis on acupuncture therapy for the treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 and the exploration on the application scheme].", "journal": "Zhen Ci Yan Jiu", "authors": ["Wang, Rui-Qing", "Liu, Jing-Xuan", "Zhang, Zi-di", "Wen, Jing", "Han, Peng", "Wu, Hui-Hui", "Jia, Ye-Juan", "Jia, Chun-Sheng", "Pan, Li-Jia"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447846", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The situation of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still severe at present. In order to better fight against the epidemic and give full play to the advantages of traditional Chinese medicine, we explored the feasibility of acupuncture therapy in the intervention of COVID-19 through analyzing the relevant literature in both ancient and modern time. Additionally, we analyzed the intervention scheme of acupuncture for COVID-19 developed by China Association of Acupuncture and Moxibustion and supplemented the protocol of the intervention with auricular acupuncture. It was proposed that the advantages of acupuncture and moxibustion should be fully displayed while Chinese herbal medications have been applied in the treatment of COVID-19. During treatment, acupuncture physicians should be rationally allocated to a certain proportion so as to adequately utilize comprehensive therapeutic approaches and guarantee people's safety to the greatest extent. Eventually, the clinical therapeutic effect may be improved, the national resources be economized on and the COVID-19 epidemic be conquered early."}, {"pmid": 32409976, "pmcid": "PMC7221337", "title": "Follow-up of skin lesions during the evolution of COVID-19: a case report.", "journal": "Arch Dermatol Res", "authors": ["de Medeiros, Vanessa Lucilia Silveira", "Silva, Lucas Fagundes Teixeira"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409976", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The disease caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) has many systemic manifestations affecting the upper airways, lungs, gastrointestinal tract and inducing hematological repercussions. With the evolution of the pandemic, skin lesions were observed. However, there is little information\u00a0about the evolution of the lesions at this moment. The authors report a case of a patient who had more than one exposure to the coronavirus during the evolution of the disease and manifested different types of edematous lesions. The lesions started in the prodromal period and changed their presentation and localization during the evolution of COVID-19. The lesions regressed quickly with the use of corticoid cream and antihistamine. Viral skin lesions are frequent causes of exanthema. However, viral etiology is not always investigated in acute urticarial and atypical erythematous-edematous conditions. The immunological basis of acute urticaria has points in common with COVID-19, justifying the appearance of lesions. Investigation of viral etiology should always be remembered in acute urticarial and edematous conditions."}, {"pmid": 32528774, "pmcid": "PMC7282362", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Renal Transplant Patient.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Chenna, Avantika", "Konala, Venu Madhav", "Gayam, Vijay", "Naramala, Srikanth", "Adapa, Sreedhar"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528774", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Transplant patients are particularly at a higher risk of contracting COVID-19 because of their immunosuppressed state, and they have the propensity to develop opportunistic infections. The pre-immunosuppressed state, along with other existing comorbidities, can influence the outcomes of COVID-19 in transplant patients. We describe a case of a renal transplant patient who developed COVID-19. Real-time nucleic acid testing (NAT) should be done in deceased and living donors. The most common management strategy is the modification of immunosuppression along with current experimental strategies for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32278111, "pmcid": "PMC7136881", "title": "CORONA-steps for tracheotomy in COVID-19 patients: A staff-safe method for airway management.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Pichi, Barbara", "Mazzola, Francesco", "Bonsembiante, Anna", "Petruzzi, Gerardo", "Zocchi, Jacopo", "Moretto, Silvia", "De Virgilio, Armando", "Pellini, Raul"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278111", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471825, "title": "Covid-19: ensuring equality of access to testing for ethnic minorities.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dodds, Catherine", "Fakoya, Ibidun"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471825", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463589, "title": "How medical education can help in a COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Clin Teach", "authors": ["Roberts, Chris"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463589", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472827, "title": "First Successful Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Induced Refractory Cardiogenic Plus Vasoplegic Shock by Combination of Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Device and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Case Report.", "journal": "ASAIO J", "authors": ["Bemtgen, Xavier", "Kruger, Kirsten", "Supady, Alexander", "Duerschmied, Daniel", "Schibilsky, David", "Bamberg, Fabian", "Bode, Christoph", "Wengenmayer, Tobias", "Staudacher, Dawid L"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472827", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is infecting hundreds of thousands of humans around the globe. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is known to generate mild as well as critical courses. Complications on the intensive care units include acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute cardiac, and kidney injury as well as shock. Here, we present the first case report of a successful treatment of a COVID-19 patient presenting with adult respiratory distress syndrome plus refractory combined cardiogenic and vasoplegic shock, which could be successfully stabilized after implantation of a percutaneous ventricular assist device plus an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Although such intense treatment might not be feasible in case of a health care disaster as described for the hot spots of the COVID-19 pandemic, it might encourage treatment of younger patients on intensive care units not overcrowded by critically ill patients."}, {"pmid": 32064795, "title": "[Diagnosis and treatment recommendation for pediatric coronavirus disease-19].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Chen, Zhimin", "Fu, Junfen", "Shu, Qiang", "Chen, Yinghu", "Hua, Chunzhen", "Li, Fubang", "Lin, Ru", "Tang, Lanfang", "Wang, Tianlin", "Wang, Wei", "Wang, Yingshuo", "Xu, Weize", "Yang, Zihao", "Ye, Sheng", "Yuan, Tianming", "Zhang, Chenmei", "Zhang, Yuanyuan"], "date": "2020-02-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32064795", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271594, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and Comparative Health Policy Learning in Iran.", "journal": "Arch Iran Med", "authors": ["Raoofi, Azam", "Takian, Amirhossein", "Akbari Sari, Ali", "Olyaeemanesh, Alireza", "Haghighi, Hajar", "Aarabi, Mohsen"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271594", "countries": ["Italy", "Germany", "Spain", "China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a global pandemic. Starting in December 2019 from China, the first cases were officially announced on February 19 in Qom city, Iran. As of April 3, 2020, 206 countries have reported a total of 932166 cases with 46764 deaths. Along with China, USA, Italy, Spain, and Germany, Iran has been suffering the hardest burden of COVID-19 outbreak. Worse still, countries like Iran are struggling with the double burden of political sanctions to provide lifesaving medical equipment and medicines to combat the emergency. Using systematic document content analysis and through the lenses of health policy triangle, this article aims to compare the policies and strategies that Iran is adopting, with the experience and recommendations of China and WHO to combat COVID-19. Iran has formulated contextual-based policies to combat COVID-19 outbreak before and after virus entrance. Insufficient whole-government, whole-society approach in managing the outbreak, inadequate lifesaving and protective equipment, and delayed decisive governance are the biggest challenges in policy making to combat COVID-19. COVID-19 policies are a public health concern and require professional advocacy attempts through appropriate inter-sectoral collaboration and whole-government coalitions. COVID-19 is an unfolding outbreak; hence, policy learning is crucial to formulate appropriate policies and implement them accordingly. Iran has made many efforts to defeat the outbreak, but more coherent, timely and efficient action is required, now, more than ever, to save lives and slow the spread of this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32405278, "pmcid": "PMC7219394", "title": "Pharmacotherapy for hospitalized patients with COVID-19: Waiting or doing?", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Amariles, Pedro", "Hincapie-Garcia, Jaime", "Julio Montoya, Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405278", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341111, "pmcid": "PMC7236837", "title": "Clinical phenotypes of SARS-CoV-2: implications for clinicians and researchers.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Rello, Jordi", "Storti, Enrico", "Belliato, Mirko", "Serrano, Ricardo"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341111", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with COVID-19 present a broad spectrum of clinical presentation. Whereas hypoxaemia is the marker of severity, different strategies of management should be customised to five specific individual phenotypes. Many intubated patients present with phenotype 4, characterised by pulmonary hypoxic vasoconstriction, being associated with severe hypoxaemia with \"normal\" (>40\u2005mL\u00b7cmH2O-1) lung compliance and likely representing pulmonary microvascular thrombosis. Phenotype 5 is often associated with high plasma procalcitonin and has low pulmonary compliance, Which is a result of co-infection or acute lung injury after noninvasive ventilation. Identifying these clinical phenotypes and applying a personalised approach would benefit the optimisation of therapies and improve outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32375200, "pmcid": "PMC7267505", "title": "Pneumomediastinum following intubation in COVID-19 patients: a case series.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Wali, A", "Rizzo, V", "Bille, A", "Routledge, T", "Chambers, A"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375200", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The number of patients requiring tracheal intubation rose dramatically in March and April 2020 with the COVID-19 outbreak. Our thoracic surgery department has seen an increased incidence of severe pneumomediastinum referred for surgical opinion in intubated patients with COVID-19 pneumonitis. Here we present a series of five patients with severe pneumomediastinum requiring decompression therapy over a 7-day period in the current COVID-19 outbreak. We hypothesise that the mechanism for this is the aggressive disease pathophysiology with an increased risk of alveolar damage and tracheobronchial injury, along with the use of larger-bore tracheal tubes and higher ventilation pressures. We present this case series in order to highlight the increased risk of this potentially life-threatening complication among the COVID-19 patient cohort and offer guidance for its management to critical care physicians."}, {"pmid": 32422209, "pmcid": "PMC7229473", "title": "Are Gastrointestinal Symptoms Specific for COVID-19 Infection? A Prospective Case-Control Study from the United States.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Chen, Alan", "Agarwal, Amol", "Ravindran, Nishal", "To, Chau", "Zhang, Talan", "Thuluvath, Paul J"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422209", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425324, "pmcid": "PMC7228731", "title": "In Memoriam: Physicians Who Have Died of COVID-19 in the United States.", "journal": "Clin Dermatol", "authors": ["Hoenig, Leonard J"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425324", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325763, "pmcid": "PMC7215392", "title": "Development of an Assessment Method for Investigating the Impact of Climate and Urban Parameters in Confirmed Cases of COVID-19: A New Challenge in Sustainable Development.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Pirouz, Behrouz", "Shaffiee Haghshenas, Sina", "Pirouz, Behzad", "Shaffiee Haghshenas, Sami", "Piro, Patrizia"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325763", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sustainable development has been a controversial global topic, and as a complex concept in recent years, it plays a key role in creating a favorable future for societies. Meanwhile, there are several problems in the process of implementing this approach, like epidemic diseases. Hence, in this study, the impact of climate and urban factors on confirmed cases of COVID-19 (a new type of coronavirus) with the trend and multivariate linear regression (MLR) has been investigated to propose a more accurate prediction model. For this propose, some important climate parameters, including daily average temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, in addition to urban parameters such as population density, were considered, and their impacts on confirmed cases of COVID-19 were analyzed. The analysis was performed for three case studies in Italy, and the application of the proposed method has been investigated. The impacts of parameters have been considered with a delay time from one to nine days to find out the most suitable combination. The result of the analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed model and the impact of climate parameters on the trend of confirmed cases. The research hypothesis approved by the MLR model and the present assessment method could be applied by considering several variables that exhibit the exact delay of them to new confirmed cases of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32470235, "title": "COVID-19 and a Potential Rise in Bullying Behaviors.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Yahya, Ahmed Saeed", "Khawaja, Shakil", "Chukwuma, Jude"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470235", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350686, "pmcid": "PMC7189176", "title": "Anti COVID-19 Drugs: Need for More Clinical Evidence and Global Action.", "journal": "Adv Ther", "authors": ["Khan, Zakir", "Karatas, Yusuf", "Rahman, Hazir"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350686", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization (WHO) called the outbreak of coronavirus infectious disease-2019 (COVID-19) a \"Public Health Emergency of International Concern\" (PHEIC). According to the WHO, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), currently there are no medicines or vaccines that have been claimed to be useful in the prevention or treatment of COVID-19. Several existing antiviral drugs, previously developed or used as treatments for severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and malaria, are being investigated as COVID-19 treatments and some of them are being used in clinical trials. According to the CDC and Chinese treatment guidelines for COVID-19, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and one of the investigational agents (remdesivir) are recommended in critically ill older patients. The use of other potential drugs reported in different studies may be considered if treatment with first-line drugs is ineffective. There are currently no complete data available from large randomized clinical trials (RCTs) to provide clinical guidance on the use, dosing, or duration to validate the effective role, safety profile, and adverse effects of all of the trial drugs for prophylaxis or treatment of COVID-19. Until now, it is still unclear which drug can successfully fight against the disease. Therefore, for the better safety of patients with COVID-19, further clinical trials and large randomized controlled studies are needed to validate the effective role, safety profile, and adverse effects of all the potential drugs. Such a measure requires action at the global level."}, {"pmid": 32404797, "title": "Diagnostic Performance of Chest X-Ray for COVID-19 Pneumonia During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic in Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "J Thorac Imaging", "authors": ["Schiaffino, Simone", "Tritella, Stefania", "Cozzi, Andrea", "Carriero, Serena", "Blandi, Lorenzo", "Ferraris, Laurenzia", "Sardanelli, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404797", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chest x-ray (CXR) can play a role in diagnosing patients with suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but only few small-scale studies are available. We assessed the diagnostic performance of CXR in consecutive patients presenting at the emergency room at the Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy from February 24 to April 8, 2020 for suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results of CXR were classified as positive or negative according to the original prospective radiologic reports. To overcome the limitations of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) swab, especially oscillating sensitivity, we added the information obtained from phone calls to discharged patients with negative initial RT-PCR. Thus, we included 535 patients with concomitant CXR and RT-PCR on admission (aged 65\u00b117 y; 340 males, 195 females), resulting in 408 RT-PCR positive and 127 negative patients at the composite reference standard. Original CXR reports showed an 89.0% sensitivity (95% confidence intervals [CI], 85.5%-91.8%), 60.6% specificity (95% CI, 51.6%-69.2%), 87.9% positive predictive value (95% CI, 84.4%-90.9%), and 63.1% negative predictive value (95% CI, 53.9%-71.7%). The adoption of CXR alongside RT-PCR to triage patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection could foster a safe and efficient workflow, counteracting possible false negative RT-PCR results."}, {"pmid": 32332072, "title": "Clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a series of 17 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus under long-term treatment with hydroxychloroquine.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Mathian, Alexis", "Mahevas, Matthieu", "Rohmer, Julien", "Roumier, Mathilde", "Cohen-Aubart, Fleur", "Amador-Borrero, Blanca", "Barrelet, Audrey", "Chauvet, Cecile", "Chazal, Thibaud", "Delahousse, Michel", "Devaux, Mathilde", "Euvrard, Romain", "Fadlallah, Jehane", "Florens, Nans", "Haroche, Julien", "Hie, Miguel", "Juillard, Laurent", "Lhote, Raphael", "Maillet, Thibault", "Richard-Colmant, Gaelle", "Palluy, Jean Baptiste", "Pha, Micheline", "Perard, Laurent", "Remy, Philippe", "Riviere, Etienne", "Sene, Damien", "Seve, Pascal", "Morelot-Panzini, Capucine", "Viallard, Jean-Francois", "Virot, Jean-Simon", "Benameur, Neila", "Zahr, Noel", "Yssel, Hans", "Godeau, Bertrand", "Amoura, Zahir"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332072", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493669, "pmcid": "PMC7242968", "title": "Dynamic variations of the COVID-19 disease at different quarantine strategies in Wuhan and mainland China.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Cui, Qianqian", "Hu, Zengyun", "Li, Yingke", "Han, Junmei", "Teng, Zhidong", "Qian, Jing"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493669", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) firstly announced in Wuhan of Hubei province, China is rapidly spreading to all the other 31 provinces of China and to more than 140 countries. Quarantine strategies play the key role on the disease controlling and public health in the world with this pandemic of the COVID-19 defined by the World Health Organization. In this study, a SEIRQ epidemic model was developed to explore the dynamic changes of COVID-19 in Wuhan and mainland China, from January 27, 2020 to March 5, 2020. Moreover, to investigate the effects of the quarantine strategies, two perspectives are employed from the different quarantine magnitudes and quarantine time points. The major results suggest that the COVID-19 variations are well captured by the epidemic model with very high accuracy in the cumulative confirmed cases, confirmed cases, cumulative recovered cases and cumulative death cases. The quarantine magnitudes in the susceptible individuals play larger roles on the disease control than the impacts of the quarantines of the exposed individuals and infectious individuals. For the quarantine time points, it shows that the early quarantine strategy is significantly important for the disease controlling. The time delayed quarantining will seriously increase the COVID-19 disease patients and prolongs the days of the disease extinction. Our model can simulate and predict the COVID-19 variations and the quarantine strategies are important for the disease controlling, especially at the early period of the disease outbreak. These conclusions provide important scientific information for the government policymaker in the disease control strategies."}, {"pmid": 32208481, "pmcid": "PMC7184393", "title": "Rapid response to COVID-19: health informatics support for outbreak management in an academic health system.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Reeves, J Jeffery", "Hollandsworth, Hannah M", "Torriani, Francesca J", "Taplitz, Randy", "Abeles, Shira", "Tai-Seale, Ming", "Millen, Marlene", "Clay, Brian J", "Longhurst, Christopher A"], "date": "2020-03-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208481", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the implementation of technological support important for optimizing clinical management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Our health system has confirmed prior and current cases of COVID-19. An Incident Command Center was established early in the crisis and helped identify electronic health record (EHR)-based tools to support clinical care. We outline the design and implementation of EHR-based rapid screening processes, laboratory testing, clinical decision support, reporting tools, and patient-facing technology related to COVID-19. The EHR is a useful tool to enable rapid deployment of standardized processes. UC San Diego Health built multiple COVID-19-specific tools to support outbreak management, including scripted triaging, electronic check-in, standard ordering and documentation, secure messaging, real-time data analytics, and telemedicine capabilities. Challenges included the need to frequently adjust build to meet rapidly evolving requirements, communication, and adoption, and to coordinate the needs of multiple stakeholders while maintaining high-quality, prepandemic medical care. The EHR is an essential tool in supporting the clinical needs of a health system managing the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32345226, "pmcid": "PMC7188494", "title": "Clinical characteristics of patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in a non-Wuhan area of Hubei Province, China: a retrospective study.", "journal": "BMC Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Xin-Ying", "Xu, Xuan-Xuan", "Yin, Hai-Sen", "Hu, Qin-Ming", "Xiong, Tao", "Tang, Yuan-Yan", "Yang, Ai-Ying", "Yu, Bao-Ping", "Huang, Zhi-Ping"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345226", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has expanded to cause a worldwide outbreak that more than 600,000 people infected and tens of thousands died. To date, the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients in the non-Wuhan areas of Hubei Province in China have not been described. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and treatment progress of 91 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Jingzhou Central Hospital. Of the 91 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, 30 cases (33.0%) were severe and two patients (2.2%) died. The severe disease group tended to be older (50.5 vs. 42.0\u2009years; p\u2009=\u20090.049) and have more chronic disease (40% vs. 14.8%; p\u2009=\u20090.009) relative to mild disease group. Only 73.6% of the patients were quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)-positive on their first tests, while typical chest computed tomography images were obtained for each patient. The most common complaints were cough (n\u2009=\u200975; 82.4%), fever (n\u2009=\u200959; 64.8%), fatigue (n\u2009=\u200935; 38.5%), and diarrhea (n\u2009=\u200914; 15.4%). Non-respiratory injury was identified by elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (n\u2009=\u200918; 19.8%), creatinine (n\u2009=\u20095; 5.5%), and creatine kinase (n\u2009=\u200914; 15.4%) in laboratory tests. Twenty-eight cases (30.8%) suffered non-respiratory injury, including 50% of the critically ill patients and 21.3% of the mild patients. Overall, the mortality rate of patients in Jingzhou was lower than that of Wuhan. Importantly, we found liver, kidney, digestive tract, and heart injuries in COVID-19 cases besides respiratory problems. Combining chest computed tomography images with the qPCR analysis of throat swab samples can improve the accuracy of COVID-19 diagnosis."}, {"pmid": 32505474, "title": "Battle against COVID-19: Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma as an emergency therapy.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Kumar, Saurabh", "Sharma, Vinit", "Priya, Kanu"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505474", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217530, "title": "Covid-19: medical schools given powers to graduate final year students early to help NHS.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Harvey, Anna"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217530", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520228, "title": "Sensitivity of the Wondfo One Step COVID-19 test using serum samples.", "journal": "Clinics (Sao Paulo)", "authors": ["Santos, Vera Aparecida Dos", "Rafael, Mayra Matias", "Sabino, Ester Cerdeira", "Duarte, Alberto Jose da Silva"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520228", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386834, "pmcid": "PMC7183948", "title": "A multipurpose portable negative air flow isolation chamber for aerosol-generating procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Cubillos, Javier", "Querney, Jill", "Rankin, Adam", "Moore, John", "Armstrong, Kevin"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386834", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32467432, "title": "Fitting Community-Centered Population Health (CCPH) Into the Existing Health Care Delivery Patchwork: The Politics of CCPH.", "journal": "J Ambul Care Manage", "authors": ["Goldfield, Norbert"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467432", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 crisis has nakedly exposed the problems and huge holes in the health care system of the United States. For today, we need to address the current pandemic from the point of view of both control and suppression. But such efforts could also provide insights into a post-pandemic restructuring of health care. If one or several states succeed in addressing the COVID pandemic together with an associated modest economic resurgence, citizens could develop the trust in state leadership necessary to finally make fundamental changes in our health care system. Such change is a once in a century opportunity."}, {"pmid": 32374373, "pmcid": "PMC7239221", "title": "Multivessel coronary thrombosis in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Dominguez-Erquicia, Pablo", "Dobarro, David", "Raposeiras-Roubin, Sergio", "Bastos-Fernandez, Guillermo", "Iniguez-Romo, Andres"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374373", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526059, "title": "Mental health and psychosocial function of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China.", "journal": "Clin Transl Med", "authors": ["Zhou, Qi", "Hu, Zhenyu", "Bian, Guolin", "Yu, Haihang", "Li, Xingxing", "Lu, Yin", "Yu, Chang", "Li, Xianglan", "Yao, Qin", "Zhou, Wenhua", "Yuan, Ti-Fei", "Zhou, Dongsheng"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526059", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32506931, "title": "Pakistan's Combat and Comeback Against COVID-19.", "journal": "J Diabetes Sci Technol", "authors": ["Sultan Meo, Anusha", "Shafi, Khalid M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32506931", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459978, "title": "Assessment of adequacy of respiratory infection prevention in hospitals of Inner Mongolia, China: a cross-sectional study using unannounced standardized patients.", "journal": "Postgrad Med", "authors": ["Xie, Yijing", "McNeil, Edward B", "Sriplung, Hutcha", "Fan, Yancun", "Zhao, Xingsheng", "Chongsuvivatwong, Virasakdi"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459978", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent respiratory infectious disease (RID) outbreaks of influenza and the novel coronavirus have resulted in global pandemics. RIDs can trigger nosocomial infections if not adequately prevented. The objective of this study was to rate the adequacy of healthcare workers (HCWs) and hospital settings on RID prevention using unannounced standardized patients (USP) in clinical settings of hospital gateways. Trained USPs visited 5 clinical settings: information desks, registration desks, two outpatient departments and the emergency departments in 10 hospitals across 3 cities of Inner Mongolia, China. USPs observed the hospital air ventilation and distance from the nearest hand-washing facilities to each clinical setting, then mimicked symptoms of either tuberculosis or influenza before observing the HCW's behavior. A total of 480 clinical-setting assessments were made by 19 USPs. The overall adequacy of triage services was 86.7% and for prevention of the spread of airborne droplets was 83.5%. Almost all hospitals offered adequate air ventilation. Compared to the information desk, adequacy of triage and preventing the spread of airborne droplets by physicians in the three clinical departments was less likely to be adequate. Triage services for USPs simulating symptoms of influenza were 2.6 times more likely to be adequate than for those simulating symptoms of tuberculosis but there was no significant difference in the prevention of the spread of airborne droplets. There is a need to improve respiratory infectious disease procedures in our study hospitals, especially in outpatient and emergency departments."}, {"pmid": 32221523, "pmcid": "PMC7184442", "title": "Quantitative Detection and Viral Load Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in Infected Patients.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yu, Fengting", "Yan, Liting", "Wang, Nan", "Yang, Siyuan", "Wang, Linghang", "Tang, Yunxia", "Gao, Guiju", "Wang, Sa", "Ma, Chengjie", "Xie, Ruming", "Wang, Fang", "Tan, Chianru", "Zhu, Lingxiang", "Guo, Yong", "Zhang, Fujie"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221523", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency. The widely used reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) method has limitations for clinical diagnosis and treatment. A total of 323 samples from 76 COVID-19 confirmed patients were analyzed by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and RT-PCR based two target genes (ORF1ab and N). Nasal swabs, throat swabs, sputum, blood, and urine were collected. Clinical and imaging data were obtained for clinical staging. In 95 samples tested positive by both methods, the cycle threshold (Ct) of RT-PCR was highly correlated with the copy numbed of ddPCR (ORF1ab gene, R2 = 0.83; N gene, R2 = 0.87). 4 (4/161) negative and 41 (41/67) single-gene positive samples tested by RT-PCR were positive according to ddPCR with viral load ranging from 11.1 to 123.2 copies/test. Then the viral load of respiratory samples was compared and the average viral load in sputum (17429 \u00b1 6920 copies/test) was found to be significantly higher than in throat swabs (2552 \u00b1 1965 copies/test, p < 0.001) and nasal swabs (651 \u00b1 501 copies/test, p < 0.001). Furthermore, the viral load in the early and progressive stages were significantly higher than that in the recovery stage (46800 \u00b1 17272 vs 1252 \u00b1 1027, p < 0.001) analyzed by sputum samples. Quantitative monitoring of viral load in lower respiratory tract samples helps to evaluate disease progression, especially in cases of low viral load."}, {"pmid": 32472685, "title": "Ventilated Upper Airway Endoscopic Endonasal Procedure Mask: Surgical Safety in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)", "authors": ["Helman, Samuel N", "Soriano, Roberto M", "Tomov, Martin L", "Serpooshan, Vahid", "Levy, Joshua M", "Pradilla, Gustavo", "Solares, C Arturo"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472685", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 poses a risk to the endoscopic skull base surgeon. Significant efforts to improving safety have been employed, including the use of personal protective equipment, preoperative COVID-19 testing, and recently the use of a modified surgical mask barrier. To reduce the risks of pathogen transmission during endoscopic skull base surgery. This study was exempt from Institutional Review Board approval. Our study utilizes a 3-dimensional (3D)-printed mask with an anterior aperture fitted with a surgical glove with ports designed to allow for surgical instrumentation and side ports to accommodate suction ventilation and an endotracheal tube. As an alternative, a modified laparoscopic surgery trocar served as a port for instruments, and, on the contralateral side, rubber tubing was used over the endoscrub endosheath to create an airtight seal. Surgical freedom and aerosolization were tested in both modalities. The ventilated mask allowed for excellent surgical maneuverability and freedom. The trocar system was effective for posterior surgical procedures, allowing access to critical paramedian structures, and afforded a superior surgical seal, but was limited in terms of visualization and maneuverability during anterior approaches. Aerosolization was reduced using both the mask and nasal trocar. The ventilated upper airway endoscopic procedure mask allows for a sealed surgical barrier during endoscopic skull base surgery and may play a critical role in advancing skull base surgery in the COVID-19 era. The nasal trocar may be a useful alternative in instances where 3D printing is not available. Additional studies are needed to validate these preliminary findings."}, {"pmid": 32348544, "pmcid": "PMC7267305", "title": "Response to \"Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology INPUT to SARS-CoV-2 Therapeutics Should be Based on Robust Data\": Data-Driven Dosing Recommendations are Urgently Needed for Hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19 Patients: Response to Letter to the Editor.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Garcia-Cremades, Maria", "Solans, Belen P", "Hughes, Emma", "Ernest, Jacqueline P", "Wallender, Erika", "Savic, Radojka M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348544", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495390, "title": "Should we be concerned about COVID-19 with nonhuman primates?", "journal": "Am J Primatol", "authors": ["Santos, Wesley Jose", "Guiraldi, Livia Maisa", "Lucheis, Simone Baldini"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495390", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has radically changed the human activities worldwide. Although we are still learning about the disease, it is necessary that primatologists, veterinarians, and all that are living with nonhuman primates (NHP) be concerned about the probable health impacts as these animals face this new pandemic. We want to increase discussion with the scientific community that is directly involved with these animals, because preliminary studies report that NHP may become infected and develop symptoms similar to those in human beings."}, {"pmid": 32237148, "title": "Differences between COVID-19 and suspected then confirmed SARS-CoV-2-negative pneumonia: a retrospective study from a single center.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chen, Xinyi", "Yang, Yi", "Huang, Min", "Liu, Lili", "Zhang, Xianxiang", "Xu, Jing", "Geng, Shaoqing", "Han, Bo", "Xiao, Jiangfeng", "Wan, Yanyun"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32237148", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019. Tens thousands of people have been infected with the disease. Our aim was to distinguish severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-positive patients from SARS-CoV-2-negative patients. We retrospectively compared the data of COVID-19 patients with those of suspected and confirmed SARS-CoV-2-negative patients (control patients). There were 78 COVID-19 patients and 26 control patients, whose median ages were significantly different (P\u2009=\u2009.001). The percentage of COVID-19 patients admitting exposure to Wuhan was obviously higher than that of control patients (X2 \u2009=\u200929.130; P\u2009<\u2009.001). Fever and cough appeared more frequently in COVID-19 patients than in the control patients. The routine blood workup parameters of COVID-19 patients did not change much and their mean counts were in the normal range. There were 38.5% of control patients had higher procalcitonin (PCT) levels than 0.5\u2009ng/mL, which was significantly higher than that percentage of COVID-19 patients (X2 \u2009=\u200922.636; P\u2009<\u2009.05), and COVID-19 patients were also more likely to have decreased or normal urea and creatinine levels than control patients (X2 \u2009=\u200924.930, 8.480; P\u2009<\u2009.05).Younger age, exposure to Wuhan, fever, cough, and slight changes in routine blood workup parameters, urea and creatinine were important features discriminating COVID-19 from control patients. Slightly increased, but far less than 0.5\u2009ng/mL, PCT levels also differentiated COVID-19 patients from control patients."}, {"pmid": 32454513, "title": "Human neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ju, Bin", "Zhang, Qi", "Ge, Jiwan", "Wang, Ruoke", "Sun, Jing", "Ge, Xiangyang", "Yu, Jiazhen", "Shan, Sisi", "Zhou, Bing", "Song, Shuo", "Tang, Xian", "Yu, Jinfang", "Lan, Jun", "Yuan, Jing", "Wang, Haiyan", "Zhao, Juanjuan", "Zhang, Shuye", "Wang, Youchun", "Shi, Xuanling", "Liu, Lei", "Zhao, Jincun", "Wang, Xinquan", "Zhang, Zheng", "Zhang, Linqi"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454513", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emerging coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presents a global health emergency in urgent need of interventions1-3. SARS-CoV-2 entry into the target cells depends on binding between the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral Spike protein and the ACE2 cell receptor2,4-6. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of 206 RBD-specific monoclonal antibodies derived from single B cells of eight SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. We identified antibodies with potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralization activity that correlates with their competitive capacity with ACE2 for RBD binding. Surprisingly, neither the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies nor the infected plasma cross-reacted with SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV RBDs, although substantial plasma cross-reactivity to their trimeric Spike proteins was found. Crystal structure analysis of RBD-bound antibody revealed steric hindrance that inhibits viral engagement with ACE2 and thereby blocks viral entry. These findings suggest that anti-RBD antibodies are viral species-specific inhibitors. The antibodies identified here may be candidates for the development of SARS-CoV-2 clinical interventions."}, {"pmid": 32212058, "pmcid": "PMC7095352", "title": "Protecting healthcare personnel from 2019-nCoV infection risks: lessons and suggestions.", "journal": "Front Med", "authors": ["Zhang, Zhiruo", "Liu, Shelan", "Xiang, Mi", "Li, Shijian", "Zhao, Dahai", "Huang, Chaolin", "Chen, Saijuan"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32212058", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19, caused by the 2019-nCoV infection) in December 2019 is one of the most severe public health emergencies since the founding of People's Republic of China in 1949. Healthcare personnel (HCP) nationwide are facing heavy workloads and high risk of infection, especially those who care for patients in Hubei Province. Sadly, as of February 20, 2020, over two thousand COVID-19 cases are confirmed among HCP from 476 hospitals nationwide, with nearly 90% of them from Hubei Province. Based on literature search and interviews with some HCP working at Wuhan, capital city of Hubei, we have summarized some of the effective measures taken to reduce infection among HCP, and also made suggestions for improving occupational safety during an infectious disease outbreak. The experience and lessons learned should be a valuable asset for international health community to contain the ongoing COVID-19 epidemic around the world."}, {"pmid": 32289791, "pmcid": "PMC7206357", "title": "A Rational Use of Clozapine Based on Adverse Drug Reactions, Pharmacokinetics, and Clinical Pharmacopsychology.", "journal": "Psychother Psychosom", "authors": ["de Leon, Jose", "Ruan, Can-Jun", "Schoretsanitis, Georgios", "De Las Cuevas, Carlos"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289791", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Using Richardson and Davidson's model and the sciences of pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacopsychology, this article reviewed the: (1) poor life expectancy associated with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), which may be improved in patients who adhere to clozapine; (2) findings that clozapine is the best treatment for TRS (according to efficacy, effectiveness and well-being); and (3) potential for clozapine to cause vulnerabilities, including potentially lethal adverse drug reactions such as agranulocytosis, pneumonia, and myocarditis. Rational use requires: (1) modification of the clozapine package insert worldwide to include lower doses for Asians and to avoid the lethality associated with pneumonia, (2) the use of clozapine levels for personalizing dosing, and (3) the use of slow and personalized titration. This may make clozapine as safe as possible and contribute to increased life expectancy and well-being. In the absence of data on COVID-19 in clozapine patients, clozapine possibly impairs immunological mechanisms and may increase pneumonia risk in infected patients. Psychiatrists should call their clozapine patients and families and explain to them that if the patient develops fever or flu-like symptoms, the psychiatrist should be called and should consider halving the clozapine dose. If the patient is hospitalized with pneumonia, the treating physician needs to assess for symptoms of clozapine intoxication since halving the dose may not be enough for all patients; consider decreasing it to one-third or even stopping it. Once the signs of inflammation and fever have disappeared, the clozapine dose can be slowly increased to the prior dosage level."}, {"pmid": 32252855, "pmcid": "PMC7174849", "title": "Alert for SARS-CoV-2 infection caused by fecal aerosols in rural areas in China.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Meng, Xiujuan", "Huang, Xun", "Zhou, Pengcheng", "Li, Chunhui", "Wu, Anhua"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252855", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404268, "pmcid": "PMC7194067", "title": "3D Printing of Face Shields During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Technical Note.", "journal": "J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Amin, Dina", "Nguyen, Nam", "Roser, Steven M", "Abramowicz, Shelly"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404268", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395702, "pmcid": "PMC7211041", "title": "The role of growth factor receptors in viral infections: An opportunity for drug repurposing against emerging viral diseases such as COVID-19?", "journal": "FASEB Bioadv", "authors": ["Hondermarck, Hubert", "Bartlett, Nathan W", "Nurcombe, Victor"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395702", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Growth factor receptors are known to be involved in the process of viral infection. Many viruses not only use growth factor receptors to physically attach to the cell surface and internalize, but also divert receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in order to replicate. Thus, repurposing drugs that have initially been developed to target growth factor receptors and their signaling in cancer may prove to be a fast track to effective therapies against emerging new viral infections, including the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32516844, "title": "Comment on Han et al: Analysis of heart injury laboratory parameters in 273 COVID-19 patients in one hospital in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhang, Boyou", "Zhang, Jie", "Qian, Banglun", "Han, Wei", "Liu, Yukang", "Liu, Wenliang"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516844", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505774, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 antibody characterization in emergency department, hospitalized and convalescent patients by two semi-quantitative immunoassays.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Sarina Yang, He", "Racine-Brzostek, Sabrina E", "Lee, William T", "Hunt, Danielle", "Yee, Jim", "Chen, Zhengming", "Kubiak, Jeffrey", "Cantu, Miguel", "Hatem, Layla", "Zhong, Elaine", "D'Ambrosio, Danielle", "Chadburn, Amy", "Westblade, Lars", "Glesby, Marshall", "Loda, Massimo", "Cushing, Melissa M", "Zhao, Zhen"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505774", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, there is an urgent need for comprehensive performance evaluation and clinical utility assessment of serological assays to understand the immune response to SARS-CoV-2. IgM/IgG and total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were measured by a cyclic enhanced fluorescence assay (CEFA) and a microsphere immunoassay (MIA), respectively. Independent performance evaluation included imprecision, reproducibility, specificity and cross-reactivity (CEFA n=320, MIA n=364). Clinical utility was evaluated by both methods in 87 patients at initial emergency department visit, 28 during subsequent hospitalizations (106 serial samples), and 145 convalescent patients. Totally 916 patients and 994 samples were evaluated. Agreement of CEFA and MIA was 90.4%-94.5% (Kappa: 0.81-0.89) in 302 samples. CEFA and MIA detected SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 26.2% and 26.3%, respectively, of ED patients. Detection rates increased over time reaching 100% after 21 days post-symptom onset. Longitudinal antibody kinetic changes by CEFA and MIA measurements correlated well and exhibited three types of seroconversion. Convalescent sera showed a wide range of antibody levels. Rigorously validated CEFA and MIA assays are reliable for detecting antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and show promising clinical utility when evaluating immune response in hospitalized and convalescent patients, but are not useful for early screening at patient's initial ED visit."}, {"pmid": 32336170, "title": "Coronavirus HKU 1 infection with bronchiolitis, pericardial effusion and acute respiratory failure in obese adult female.", "journal": "J Asthma", "authors": ["Bianchi, Francesco", "Bennett, David", "Alderighi, Lorenzo", "Pieroni, Maria", "Refini, Rosa Metella", "Fossi, Antonella", "Bargagli, Elena", "Mazzei, Maria Antonietta", "Guazzi, Gianni", "Cusi, Maria Grazia", "Sestini, Piersante"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336170", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Seven species of coronavirus cause acute respiratory illness in humans. Coronavirus HKU 1 (CoV HKU 1) was first described in 2005 in an adult patient with pneumonia in Hong Kong. Although it is a well-known respiratory tract pathogen, there is not much information about its role in hospitalized adults, especially in southern Europe. Here, we describe a case of radiologically demonstrated CoV HKU 1-related bronchiolitis with acute respiratory failure in an adult female without significant comorbidities except obesity."}, {"pmid": 32434442, "title": "Re-infection by COVID-19: a real threat for the future management of pandemia?", "journal": "Infect Dis (Lond)", "authors": ["Bongiovanni, Marco", "Basile, Fiorpaolo"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434442", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429770, "title": "Technology Literacy as a Barrier to Telehealth During COVID-19.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Triana, Austin J", "Gusdorf, Roman E", "Shah, Kaustav P", "Horst, Sara N"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429770", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32350447, "pmcid": "PMC7189173", "title": "Implications of COVID-19 for uveitis patients: perspectives from Hong Kong.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Hung, Jennifer C H", "Li, Kenneth K W"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32350447", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373785, "pmcid": "PMC7194831", "title": "Data sharing in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["Cosgriff, Christopher V", "Ebner, Daniel K", "Celi, Leo Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373785", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384135, "pmcid": "PMC7249504", "title": "Sex and Gender Differences in Health: What the COVID-19 Pandemic Can Teach Us.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Spagnolo, Primavera A", "Manson, JoAnn E", "Joffe, Hadine"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384135", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471692, "pmcid": "PMC7192117", "title": "The Role of Lung Ultrasound in the Assessment of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Zhang, Zhongheng", "Ren, Binbin", "Fan, Haozhe", "Chen, Kun", "Chen, Lin"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471692", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273247, "pmcid": "PMC7129338", "title": "Challenges with the management of older patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Geriatr Oncol", "authors": ["Falandry, Claire", "Filteau, Cynthia", "Ravot, Christine", "Le Saux, Olivia"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273247", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434767, "title": "Iranian national COVID-19 electronic screening system: experience to share.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Amir-Behghadami, Mehrdad", "Janati, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434767", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496269, "title": "Psychological distress during COVID-19 among Malayalam-speaking Indian expats in the middle east.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Uvais, N A", "Nalakath, Mohammed Jezeel", "Shihabudheen, P", "Hafi, N A Bishurul", "Rasmina, V", "Salman, C A"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496269", "countries": ["India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412159, "pmcid": "PMC7272999", "title": "First experience of SARS-CoV-2 infections in solid organ transplant recipients in the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Tschopp, Jonathan", "L'Huillier, Arnaud G", "Mombelli, Matteo", "Mueller, Nicolas J", "Khanna, Nina", "Garzoni, Christian", "Meloni, Dario", "Papadimitriou-Olivgeris, Matthaios", "Neofytos, Dionysios", "Hirsch, Hans H", "Schuurmans, Mace M", "Muller, Thomas", "Berney, Thierry", "Steiger, Jurg", "Pascual, Manuel", "Manuel, Oriol", "van Delden, Christian"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412159", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Immunocompromised patients may be at increased risk for complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. However, comprehensive data of SARS-CoV-2 infection in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are still lacking. We performed a multicenter nationwide observational study within the Swiss Transplant Cohort Study (STCS) to describe the epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes of the first microbiologically documented SARS-CoV-2 infection among SOT recipients. Overall, 21 patients were included with a median age of 56\u00a0years (10 kidney, 5 liver, 1 pancreas, 1 lung, 1 heart and 3 combined transplantations). The most common presenting symptoms were fever (76%), dry cough (57%), nausea (33%), and diarrhea (33%). Ninety-five percent and 24% of patients required hospital and ICU admission, respectively, and 19% were intubated. After a median of 33\u00a0days of follow-up, 16 patients were discharged, 3 were still hospitalized and 2 patients died. These data suggest that clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in middle-aged SOT recipients appear to be similar to the general population without an apparent higher rate of complications. These results need to be confirmed in larger cohorts."}, {"pmid": 32328685, "pmcid": "PMC7178095", "title": "[Coronavirus pandemic and the future of outpatient and inpatient urology? : Subjective opinion from a \"hotspot\"].", "journal": "Urologe A", "authors": ["Klotz, T"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32328685", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458005, "pmcid": "PMC7248457", "title": "Are disease-related pulmonary perfusion abnormalities detectable in COVID-19 patients? Suspicious findings in a lung perfusion SPECT performed for ruling out classical pulmonary embolism.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Sciagra, Roberto", "Rubino, Federica", "Malandrino, Danilo", "Bernardeschi, Nicoletta", "Pignone, Alberto Moggi", "Berni, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458005", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457924, "pmcid": "PMC7197556", "title": "Analysis of Mortality in Patients With COVID-19: Clinical and Laboratory Parameters.", "journal": "Open Forum Infect Dis", "authors": ["Tian, Sufang", "Liu, Huan", "Liao, Meiyan", "Wu, Yingjie", "Yang, Chunxiu", "Cai, Yuxiang", "Peng, Zhiyong", "Xiao, Shu-Yuan"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457924", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Several reports on epidemiological and clinical features of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been published. However, mortality and morbidity analyses, important for better understanding the pathogenesis of this disease, are scarce. We examine the clinical and laboratory features of 14 patients who died of COVID-19. The cohort consisted of 11 male and 3 female patients, with 9 patients aged 70 years or above, and nearly all had underlying diseases. Fever with bilateral pneumonia was the main manifestation. Most patients had consolidations combined with ground glass opacity (GGO) on chest computed tomography scan. Laboratory tests showed lymphocytopenia in 10 patients, high blood glucose in 11, GGT in 5 of the 14 patients, and high LDH in 5 of 6 patients tested. In addition, this cohort had high level of cytokines such as interleukin-6 in all 8 patients tested. The clinical and laboratory parameters in the cohort of fatal cases may be incorporated into future clinical prognosis models and will be of help in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease."}, {"pmid": 32389753, "pmcid": "PMC7204682", "title": "What is our threshold: Departmental planning for radiation oncology's future in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Chandra, Ravi A", "Thomas, Charles R Jr"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389753", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360881, "pmcid": "PMC7192102", "title": "Environmental contamination of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare premises.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Ye, Guangming", "Lin, Hualiang", "Chen, Song", "Wang, Shichan", "Zeng, Zhikun", "Wang, Wei", "Zhang, Shiyu", "Rebmann, Terri", "Li, Yirong", "Pan, Zhenyu", "Yang, Zhonghua", "Wang, Ying", "Wang, Fubing", "Qian, Zhengmin", "Wang, Xinghuan"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360881", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A large number of healthcare workers (HCWs) were infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Hospitals are significant epicenters for the human-to-human transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 for HCWs, patients, and visitors. No data has been reported on the details of hospital environmental contamination status in the epicenter of Wuhan. We collected 626 surface swabs within the Zhongnan Medical Center in Wuhan in the mist of the COVID-19 outbreak between February 7 - February 27, 2020. Dacron swabs were aseptically collected from the surfaces of 13 hospital function zones, five major objects, and three major PPE. The SARS-CoV-2 RNAs were detected by reverse transcription-PCR. The most contaminated zones were the intensive care unit specialized for taking care of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) (31.9%), Obstetric Isolation Ward specialized for pregnant women with NCP (28.1%), and Isolation Ward for NCP (19.6%). We classified the 13 zones into four contamination levels. The most contaminated objects were self-service printers (20.0%), desktop/keyboard (16.8%), and doorknob (16.0%). Both hand sanitizer dispensers (20.3%) and gloves (15.4%) were the most contaminated PPE. Our findings emphasize the urgent need to ensure adequate environmental cleaning, strengthen infection prevention training, and improve infection prevention among HCWs during the outbreak of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32313846, "pmcid": "PMC7166020", "title": "Fear in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Sindhu, Kunal K", "Gupta, Vishal"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313846", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298195, "title": "Home Hospice Services during COVID-19: Ensuring Comfort in Unsettling Times in Singapore.", "journal": "J Palliat Med", "authors": ["Khatri, Priyanka", "Seetharaman, Santhosh", "Phang, Chia May Jamie", "Lee, Bin Xuan Andy"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298195", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497399, "title": "Considerations for remote learning in pathology during COVID-19 social distancing.", "journal": "Cancer Cytopathol", "authors": ["Kwon, Regina", "Zhang, M Lisa", "VandenBussche, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497399", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479746, "pmcid": "PMC7205692", "title": "Host-Viral Infection Maps Reveal Signatures of Severe COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Cell", "authors": ["Bost, Pierre", "Giladi, Amir", "Liu, Yang", "Bendjelal, Yanis", "Xu, Gang", "David, Eyal", "Blecher-Gonen, Ronnie", "Cohen, Merav", "Medaglia, Chiara", "Li, Hanjie", "Deczkowska, Aleksandra", "Zhang, Shuye", "Schwikowski, Benno", "Zhang, Zheng", "Amit, Ido"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479746", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Viruses are a constant threat to global health as highlighted by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, lack of data underlying how the human host interacts with viruses, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus, limits effective therapeutic intervention. We introduce Viral-Track, a computational method that globally scans unmapped single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data for the presence of viral RNA, enabling transcriptional cell sorting of infected versus bystander cells. We demonstrate the sensitivity and specificity of Viral-Track to systematically detect viruses from multiple models of infection, including hepatitis B virus, in an unsupervised manner. Applying Viral-Track to bronchoalveloar-lavage samples from severe and mild COVID-19 patients reveals a dramatic impact of the virus on the immune system of severe patients compared to mild cases. Viral-Track detects an unexpected co-infection of the human metapneumovirus, present mainly in monocytes perturbed in type-I interferon (IFN)-signaling. Viral-Track provides a robust technology for dissecting the mechanisms of viral-infection and pathology."}, {"pmid": 32340349, "pmcid": "PMC7215298", "title": "Discrimination and Social Exclusion in the Outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["He, Jun", "He, Leshui", "Zhou, Wen", "Nie, Xuanhua", "He, Ming"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340349", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This paper is aimed to document the observed social exclusion and discrimination in the outbreak of COVID-19 across the world and inside of China. Discrimination and social exclusion has occurred in various forms, while 25.11% of respondents overseas experienced discrimination in the breakout of COVID-19, and 90% of respondents inside of China exhibited discriminatory attitudes. The discrimination and social exclusion also lead to a range of damaging social outcomes. Thus, this is an urgent call for the inclusiveness in policy and media in the face of this public health emergency."}, {"pmid": 32505652, "title": "Detrimental effects of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on severity of COVID-19.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab", "authors": ["Targher, Giovanni", "Mantovani, Alessandro", "Byrne, Christopher D", "Wang, Xiao-Bo", "Yan, Hua-Dong", "Sun, Qing-Feng", "Pan, Ke-Hua", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Chen, Yong-Ping", "Eslam, Mohammed", "George, Jacob", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505652", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307952, "title": "[COVID-19 - 2019].", "journal": "Harefuah", "authors": ["Shoenfeld, Yehuda"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307952", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446305, "pmcid": "PMC7245173", "title": "Anticipating the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB patients and TB control programmes.", "journal": "Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob", "authors": ["Togun, Toyin", "Kampmann, Beate", "Stoker, Neil Graham", "Lipman, Marc"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446305", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has currently overtaken every other health issue throughout the world. There are numerous ways in which this will impact existing public health issues. Here we reflect on the interactions between COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB), which still ranks as the leading cause of death from a single infectious disease globally. There may be grave consequences for existing and undiagnosed TB patients globally, particularly in low and middle income countries (LMICs) where TB is endemic and health services poorly equipped. TB control programmes will be strained due to diversion of resources, and an inevitable loss of health system focus, such that some activities cannot or will not be prioritised. This is likely to lead to a reduction in quality of TB care and worse outcomes. Further, TB patients often have underlying co-morbidities and lung damage that may make them prone to more severe COVID-19. The symptoms of TB and COVID-19 can be similar, with for example cough and fever. Not only can this create diagnostic confusion, but it could worsen the stigmatization of TB patients especially in LMICs, given the fear of COVID-19. Children with TB are a vulnerable group especially likely to suffer as part of the \"collateral damage\". There will be a confounding of symptoms and epidemiological data through co-infection, as happens already with TB-HIV, and this will require unpicking. Lessons for COVID-19 could be learned from the vast experience of running global TB control programmes, while the astonishingly rapid and relatively well co-ordinated response to COVID-19 demonstrates how existing programmes could be significantly improved."}, {"pmid": 32340542, "title": "A Commentary on the Challenges of Telemedicine for Head and Neck Oncologic Patients during COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Triantafillou, Vasiliki", "Rajasekaran, Karthik"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340542", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented and historic event that presents unique challenges to patient care to medical providers worldwide. The pandemic and the ensuing rapid changes to medical practice have particularly affected head and neck cancer surgeons and their patients. In an effort to balance the needs of our patients with the risks to patient and staff safety, we have been tasked with finding alternatives to the traditional office visit. In this commentary, we discuss how telemedicine can be incorporated into the head and neck surgery practice, the challenges that we have faced, and the dilemmas with which we have dealt in our efforts to fulfill the ongoing need for care of this unique patient population."}, {"pmid": 32420106, "pmcid": "PMC7225419", "title": "An 'asymptomatic' driver with COVID-19: atypical suspected myocarditis by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Diagn Ther", "authors": ["Yuan, Wei-Feng", "Tang, Xi", "Zhao, Xin-Xiang"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420106", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319438, "title": "[Facing Covid-19 in Italy: ethics, logistics, and therapeutics on the epidemic's front line].", "journal": "Recenti Prog Med", "authors": ["Rosenbaum, Lisa"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319438", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32176808, "title": "Potential impact of seasonal forcing on a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Neher, Richard A", "Dyrdak, Robert", "Druelle, Valentin", "Hodcroft, Emma B", "Albert, Jan"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32176808", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) first detected in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly since December 2019, causing more than 100,000 confirmed infections and 4000 fatalities (as of 10 March 2020). The outbreak has been declared a pandemic by the WHO on Mar 11, 2020. Here, we explore how seasonal variation in transmissibility could modulate a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Data from routine diagnostics show a strong and consistent seasonal variation of the four endemic coronaviruses (229E, HKU1, NL63, OC43) and we parameterise our model for SARS-CoV-2 using these data. The model allows for many subpopulations of different size with variable parameters. Simulations of different scenarios show that plausible parameters result in a small peak in early 2020 in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere and a larger peak in winter 2020/2021. Variation in transmission and migration rates can result in substantial variation in prevalence between regions. While the uncertainty in parameters is large, the scenarios we explore show that transient reductions in the incidence rate might be due to a combination of seasonal variation and infection control efforts but do not necessarily mean the epidemic is contained. Seasonal forcing on SARS-CoV-2 should thus be taken into account in the further monitoring of the global transmission. The likely aggregated effect of seasonal variation, infection control measures, and transmission rate variation is a prolonged pandemic wave with lower prevalence at any given time, thereby providing a window of opportunity for better preparation of health care systems."}, {"pmid": 32495848, "title": "Editorial - Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir as a combination with strong potential activity against SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) infection: how to use direct-acting antivirals as broad-spectrum antiviral agents.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Izzi, A", "Messina, V", "Rinaldi, L", "Maggi, P"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495848", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253535, "pmcid": "PMC7134551", "title": "Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a multicenter European study.", "journal": "Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Lechien, Jerome R", "Chiesa-Estomba, Carlos M", "De Siati, Daniele R", "Horoi, Mihaela", "Le Bon, Serge D", "Rodriguez, Alexandra", "Dequanter, Didier", "Blecic, Serge", "El Afia, Fahd", "Distinguin, Lea", "Chekkoury-Idrissi, Younes", "Hans, Stephane", "Delgado, Irene Lopez", "Calvo-Henriquez, Christian", "Lavigne, Philippe", "Falanga, Chiara", "Barillari, Maria Rosaria", "Cammaroto, Giovanni", "Khalife, Mohamad", "Leich, Pierre", "Souchay, Christel", "Rossi, Camelia", "Journe, Fabrice", "Hsieh, Julien", "Edjlali, Myriam", "Carlier, Robert", "Ris, Laurence", "Lovato, Andrea", "De Filippis, Cosimo", "Coppee, Frederique", "Fakhry, Nicolas", "Ayad, Tareck", "Saussez, Sven"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253535", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the occurrence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection. Patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection were recruited from 12 European hospitals. The following epidemiological and clinical outcomes have been studied: age, sex, ethnicity, comorbidities, and general and otolaryngological symptoms. Patients completed olfactory and gustatory questionnaires based on the smell and taste component of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, and the short version of the Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders-Negative Statements (sQOD-NS). A total of 417 mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients completed the study (263 females). The most prevalent general symptoms consisted of cough, myalgia, and loss of appetite. Face pain and nasal obstruction were the most disease-related otolaryngological symptoms. 85.6% and 88.0% of patients reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions, respectively. There was a significant association between both disorders (p\u2009<\u20090.001). Olfactory dysfunction (OD) appeared before the other symptoms in 11.8% of cases. The sQO-NS scores were significantly lower in patients with anosmia compared with normosmic or hyposmic individuals (p\u2009=\u20090.001). Among the 18.2% of patients without nasal obstruction or rhinorrhea, 79.7% were hyposmic or anosmic. The early olfactory recovery rate was 44.0%. Females were significantly more affected by olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions than males (p\u2009=\u20090.001). Olfactory and gustatory disorders are prevalent symptoms in European COVID-19 patients, who may not have nasal symptoms. The sudden anosmia or ageusia need to be recognized by the international scientific community as important symptoms of the COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32226286, "pmcid": "PMC7098031", "title": "Zoonotic origins of human coronaviruses.", "journal": "Int J Biol Sci", "authors": ["Ye, Zi-Wei", "Yuan, Shuofeng", "Yuen, Kit-San", "Fung, Sin-Yee", "Chan, Chi-Ping", "Jin, Dong-Yan"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226286", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Mutation and adaptation have driven the co-evolution of coronaviruses (CoVs) and their hosts, including human beings, for thousands of years. Before 2003, two human CoVs (HCoVs) were known to cause mild illness, such as common cold. The outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) have flipped the coin to reveal how devastating and life-threatening an HCoV infection could be. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in central China at the end of 2019 has thrusted CoVs into the spotlight again and surprised us with its high transmissibility but reduced pathogenicity compared to its sister SARS-CoV. HCoV infection is a zoonosis and understanding the zoonotic origins of HCoVs would serve us well. Most HCoVs originated from bats where they are non-pathogenic. The intermediate reservoir hosts of some HCoVs are also known. Identifying the animal hosts has direct implications in the prevention of human diseases. Investigating CoV-host interactions in animals might also derive important insight on CoV pathogenesis in humans. In this review, we present an overview of the existing knowledge about the seven HCoVs, with a focus on the history of their discovery as well as their zoonotic origins and interspecies transmission. Importantly, we compare and contrast the different HCoVs from a perspective of virus evolution and genome recombination. The current CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic is discussed in this context. In addition, the requirements for successful host switches and the implications of virus evolution on disease severity are also highlighted."}, {"pmid": 32180173, "pmcid": "PMC7090453", "title": "Lidocaine during intubation and extubation in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Aminnejad, Reza", "Salimi, Alireza", "Saeidi, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32180173", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422427, "pmcid": "PMC7215166", "title": "Preventing problematic internet use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Consensus guidance.", "journal": "Compr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Kiraly, Orsolya", "Potenza, Marc N", "Stein, Dan J", "King, Daniel L", "Hodgins, David C", "Saunders, John B", "Griffiths, Mark D", "Gjoneska, Biljana", "Billieux, Joel", "Brand, Matthias", "Abbott, Max W", "Chamberlain, Samuel R", "Corazza, Ornella", "Burkauskas, Julius", "Sales, Celia M D", "Montag, Christian", "Lochner, Christine", "Grunblatt, Edna", "Wegmann, Elisa", "Martinotti, Giovanni", "Lee, Hae Kook", "Rumpf, Hans-Jurgen", "Castro-Calvo, Jesus", "Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin", "Higuchi, Susumu", "Menchon, Jose M", "Zohar, Joseph", "Pellegrini, Luca", "Walitza, Susanne", "Fineberg, Naomi A", "Demetrovics, Zsolt"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422427", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have introduced steps such as spatial distancing and \"staying at home\" to curb its spread and impact. The fear resulting from the disease, the 'lockdown' situation, high levels of uncertainty regarding the future, and financial insecurity raise the level of stress, anxiety, and depression experienced by people all around the world. Psychoactive substances and other reinforcing behaviors (e.g., gambling, video gaming, watching pornography) are often used to reduce stress and anxiety and/or to alleviate depressed mood. The tendency to use such substances and engage in such behaviors in an excessive manner as putative coping strategies in crises like the COVID-19 pandemic is considerable. Moreover, the importance of information and communications technology (ICT) is even higher in the present crisis than usual. ICT has been crucial in keeping parts of the economy going, allowing large groups of people to work and study from home, enhancing social connectedness, providing greatly needed entertainment, etc. Although for the vast majority ICT use is adaptive and should not be pathologized, a subgroup of vulnerable individuals are at risk of developing problematic usage patterns. The present consensus guidance discusses these risks and makes some practical recommendations that may help diminish them."}, {"pmid": 32347612, "pmcid": "PMC7261977", "title": "Changing paradigms of dermatology practice in developing nations in the shadow of COVID-19: Lessons learnt from the pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kumar, Sheetanshu", "Bishnoi, Anuradha", "Vinay, Keshavamurthy"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347612", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "At present, routine dermatology practices stay mostly disrupted worldwide owing to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. However, dermatology services need to be resumed in future and dermatologists especially in developing countries face a mammoth task of devising plans to tackle the upcoming surge of patients while still maintaining the precautions to avoid risk of infection to health care workers and our patients. Teledermatology practice is a viable alternative and there is need of starting functioning teledermatology centers at primary health care centers and training health care workers in telemedicine. Several steps like increasing the working hours of outpatient clinics, posting dermatologists and health staffs in shifts, encouraging online registration and payment, providing time slots to patients should be taken to prevent overcrowding at outpatient departments in hospitals of developing countries like India where the usual patient turnover during summers maybe around 600 to 800 per day. Once diagnosed by the dermatologist, a subsequent meticulous use of teledermatology can limit the number of follow-up visits. To avoid student gatherings, the undergraduate and postgraduate teaching schedule should be replaced by online or virtual teaching in form of webinars and video conferencing. Above all, intense upgradation of health care infrastructure, recruitment, training of new health care staffs on mass level and huge investment in health care sector is required in all the developing countries."}, {"pmid": 32473537, "pmcid": "PMC7199675", "title": "Why all COVID-19 hospitals should have mental health professionals: The importance of mental health in a worldwide crisis!", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Grover, Sandeep", "Dua, Devakshi", "Sahoo, Swapnajeet", "Mehra, Aseem", "Nehra, Ritu", "Chakrabarti, Subho"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473537", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has led to a worldwide crisis. At present, everyone is focusing on the prevention of COVID-19 infection, preparing and discussing issues related to physical health consequences. However, it is important to understand that the life-threatening negative physical health consequences are going to be faced by a few, but everyone is going to face the negative mental health consequences of the pandemic. At various places COVID-19 hospitals are being established, to address the physical health consequences of the pandemic. However, mental health professionals have not been very actively involved in the management of people going through this pandemic. This viewpoint discusses the mental health consequences of the pandemic for the health care workers, people who are undergoing quarantine, people who are admitted to the COVID-19 hospitals, and those who have recovered from the infection. The article also highlights the mental health needs of people at different levels and the kind of interventions, which may be carried out."}, {"pmid": 32505461, "title": "The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in a MERS-CoV endemic country.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Temsah, Mohamad-Hani", "Al-Sohime, Fahad", "Alamro, Nurah", "Al-Eyadhy, Ayman", "Al-Hasan, Khalid", "Jamal, Amr", "Al-Maglouth, Ibrahim", "Aljamaan, Fadi", "Al Amri, Maha", "Barry, Mazin", "Al-Subaie, Sarah", "Somily, Ali Mohammed"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505461", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global pandemic of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has led to unprecedented psychological stress on health workers (HCWs). We aimed to assess the psychological impact of COVID-19 on HCWs in comparison to the stress brought on by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) epidemic in Saudi Arabia. Between February 5th and 16th, 2020, 811 health-care workers (HCWs) of a tertiary care teaching hospital were invited to fill a questionnaire regarding concerns and worries about the novel coronavirus pandemic, along with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) Anxiety Severity screening tool. Out of 582 HCWs who completed the survey questionnaire (response rate of 71.8%), about 40% were exposed previously to MERS-CoV infected or suspected patients during a previous hospital outbreak. While there were no COVID-19 cases reported yet in Saudi Arabia at the time of data collection, still, the anxiety level from COVID-19 was significantly higher than that from MERS-CoV or seasonal influenza: 41.1% were more worried about COVID-19, 41.4% were similarly worried about both MERS-CoV and COVID-19, and 17.5% were more stressed by the previous MERS-CoV hospital outbreak. The most frequent concern was transmitting the infection to family and friends (2.71/5) than to themselves only (2.57/5). Pandemic and epidemic infectious diseases such as COVID-19 or MERS-CoV impose a significant level of anxiety and stress on healthcare workers who are caring of infected patients, with their main concern being the risk of transmitting the infection to their families or to acquire it themselves. Therefore, optimizing the compliance of healthcare workers with the proper infection prevention and control measures is paramount during the infectious disease outbreak, to ensure their safety, to decrease the likelihood of getting infected or transmitting the infection to others, and consequently to alleviate their psychological stress and anxiety."}, {"pmid": 32378762, "pmcid": "PMC7267539", "title": "Covid 19. The paradox of social distancing.", "journal": "J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs", "authors": ["O'Brien, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378762", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Before 2020 the term 'social distancing' while not new, was barely known. The concept was promoted by the World Health Organisation in 2008 as a public health measure to prevent transmission of influenza, and in various forms it can be identified in reference to epidemics going back hundreds of years. However, in common parlance social distancing is more likely to have been associated with stigma or social class, something with negative connotations, something to be avoided."}, {"pmid": 32470627, "pmcid": "PMC7248630", "title": "COVID-19 treatments, QT interval and arrhythmic risk: the need for an international Registry on Arrhythmias.", "journal": "Heart Rhythm", "authors": ["Crotti, Lia", "Arbelo, Elena"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470627", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372821, "pmcid": "PMC7194965", "title": "Crisis hits end-of-life care.", "journal": "New Sci", "authors": ["Wilson, Clare"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372821", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The covid-19 pandemic has encouraged more people to make advance treatment decisions relating to CPR and ventilation, reports Clare Wilson."}, {"pmid": 32495147, "pmcid": "PMC7269687", "title": "Characteristic of COVID-19 infection in pediatric patients: early findings from two Italian Pediatric Research Networks.", "journal": "Eur J Pediatr", "authors": ["Parri, Niccolo", "Magista, Anna Maria", "Marchetti, Federico", "Cantoni, Barbara", "Arrighini, Alberto", "Romanengo, Marta", "Felici, Enrico", "Urbino, Antonio", "Da Dalt, Liviana", "Verdoni, Lucio", "Armocida, Benedetta", "Covi, Benedetta", "Mariani, Ilaria", "Giacchero, Roberta", "Musolino, Anna Maria", "Binotti, Marco", "Biban, Paolo", "Fasoli, Silvia", "Pilotto, Chiara", "Nicoloso, Flavia", "Raggi, Massimiliano", "Miorin, Elisabetta", "Buonsenso, Danilo", "Chiossi, Massimo", "Agostiniani, Rino", "Plebani, Anna", "Barbieri, Maria Antonietta", "Lanari, Marcello", "Arrigo, Serena", "Zoia, Elena", "Lenge, Matteo", "Masi, Stefano", "Barbi, Egidio", "Lazzerini, Marzia"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495147", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Detailed data on clinical presentations and outcomes of children with COVID-19 in Europe are still lacking. In this descriptive study, we report on 130 children with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosed by 28 centers (mostly hospitals), in 10 regions in Italy, during the first months of the pandemic. Among these, 67 (51.5%) had a relative with COVID-19 while 34 (26.2%) had comorbidities, with the most frequent being respiratory, cardiac, or neuromuscular chronic diseases. Overall, 98 (75.4%) had an asymptomatic or mild disease, 11 (8.5%) had moderate disease, 11 (8.5%) had a severe disease, and 9 (6.9%) had a critical presentation with infants below 6\u00a0months having significantly increased risk of critical disease severity (OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 29.1). Seventy-five (57.7%) children were hospitalized, 15 (11.5%) needed some respiratory support, and nine (6.9%) were treated in an intensive care unit. All recovered.Conclusion:This descriptive case series of children with COVID-19, mostly encompassing of cases enrolled at hospital level, suggest that COVID-19 may have a non-negligible rate of severe presentations in selected pediatric populations with a relatively high rates of comorbidities. More studies are needed to further understand the presentation and outcomes of children with COVID-19 in children with special needs.What is Known:\u2022 There is limited evidence on the clinical presentation and outcomes of children with COVID-19 in Europe, and almost no evidence on characteristics and risk factors of severe cases.What is New:\u2022 Among a case series of 130 children, mostly diagnosed at hospital level, and with a relatively high rate (26.2%) of comorbidities, about three-quarter had an asymptomatic or mild disease.\u2022 However, 57.7% were hospitalized, 11.5% needed some respiratory support, and 6.9% were treated in an intensive care unit."}, {"pmid": 32415882, "title": "Managing care for patients with sinonasal and anterior skull base cancers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Turri-Zanoni, Mario", "Battaglia, Paolo", "Karligkiotis, Apostolos", "Locatelli, Davide", "Castelnuovo, Paolo"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has rapidly transformed health care delivery around the globe. Because of the heavy impact of COVID-19 spread, cancer treatments have necessarily been de-prioritized, thus exposing patients to increased risk of morbidity and mortality due to delayed care. In this scenario, cancer specialists need to assess critical oncology patients case by case to carefully balance risk vs benefit in treating tumors and preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we report early insights into how the management of patients with sinonasal and anterior skull base cancer might be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We provide recommendations for preoperative tests, indications for immediate care vs possible delayed treatment, and warnings relating to dural resection and intracranial dissection, given the potential neurotropism of SARS-CoV2 and practical suggestions for managing cancer care in a period of limited resources. We also postulate some thoughts on the promising role of telemedicine in multidisciplinary case discussions and posttreatment surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32245840, "title": "Regional anesthesia in patients with suspected COVID-19 infection.", "journal": "Reg Anesth Pain Med", "authors": ["Altiparmak, Basak", "Korkmaz Toker, Melike", "Uysal, Ali Ihsan", "Gumus Demi Rbi Lek, Semra"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32245840", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487271, "title": "Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 patients in convalescence period.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Liu, B M", "Yang, Q Q", "Zhao, L Y", "Xie, W", "Si, X Y"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487271", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and to analyse the epidemiological features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during convalescence. In this study, we enrolled 71 confirmed cases of COVID-19 who were discharged from hospital and transferred to isolation wards from 6 February to 26 March 2020. They were all employees of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University or their family members of which three cases were <18 years of age. Clinical data were collected and analysed statistically. Forty-one cases (41/71, 57.7%) comprised medical faculty, young and middle-aged patients (aged \u2a7d60 years) accounted for 81.7% (58/71). The average isolation time period for all adult patients was 13.8 \u00b1 6.1 days. During convalescence, RNA detection results of 35.2% patients (25/71) turned from negative to positive. The longest RNA reversed phase time was 7 days. In all, 52.9% of adult patients (36/68) had no obvious clinical symptoms, and the remaining ones had mild and non-specific clinical symptoms (e.g. cough, sputum, sore throat, disorders of the gastrointestinal tract etc.). Chest CT signs in 89.7% of adult patients (61/68) gradually improved, and in the others, the lesions were eventually absorbed and improved after short-term repeated progression. The main chest CT manifestations of adult patients were normal, GGO or fibre streak shadow, and six patients (8.8%) had extrapulmonary manifestations, but there was no significant correlation with RNA detection results (r = -0.008, P > 0.05). The drug treatment was mainly symptomatic support therapy, and antibiotics and antiviral drugs were ineffective. It is necessary to re-evaluate the isolation time and standard to terminate isolation for discharged COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32404481, "title": "Large-scale, in-house production of viral transport media to support SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing in a multi-hospital healthcare network during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Smith, Kenneth P", "Cheng, Annie", "Chopelas, Amber", "DuBois-Coyne, Sarah", "Mezghani, Ikram", "Rodriguez, Shade", "Talay, Mustafa", "Kirby, James E"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404481", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has severely disrupted worldwide supplies of viral transport media (VTM) due to widespread demand for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing. In response to this ongoing shortage, we began production of VTM in-house in support of diagnostic testing in our hospital network. As our diagnostic laboratory was not equipped for reagent production, we took advantage of space and personnel that became available due to closure of the research division of our medical center. We utilized a formulation of VTM described by the CDC that was simple to produce, did not require filtration for sterilization, and used reagents that were available from commercial suppliers. Performance of VTM was evaluated by several quality assurance measures. Based on Ct values of spiking experiments, we found that our VTM supported highly consistent amplification of the SARS-CoV-2 target (coefficient of variation = 2.95%) using the Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 EUA assay on the Abbott m2000 platform. VTM was also found to be compatible with multiple swab types and, based on accelerated stability studies, able to maintain functionality for at least four months at room temperature. We further discuss how we met logistical challenges associated with large-scale VTM production in a crisis setting including use of staged, assembly line for VTM transport tube production."}, {"pmid": 32404493, "title": "COVID-19: some unanswered questions.", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["Welsby, Philip D"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404493", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447007, "pmcid": "PMC7240268", "title": "Severe air pollution links to higher mortality in COVID-19 patients: The \"double-hit\" hypothesis.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Frontera, Antonio", "Cianfanelli, Lorenzo", "Vlachos, Konstantinos", "Landoni, Giovanni", "Cremona, George"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447007", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In areas of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak worldwide mean air pollutants concentrations vastly exceed the maximum limits. Chronic exposure to air pollutants have been associated with lung ACE-2 over-expression which is known to be the main receptor for SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between air pollutants concentration (PM 2.5 and NO2) and COVID-19 outbreak, in terms of transmission, number of patients, severity of presentation and number of deaths. COVID-19 cases, ICU admissions and mortality rate were correlated with severity of air pollution in the Italian regions. The highest number of COVID-19 cases were recorded in the most polluted regions with patients presenting with more severe forms of the disease requiring ICU admission. In these regions, mortality was two-fold higher than the other regions. From the data available we propose a \"double-hit hypothesis\": chronic exposure to PM 2.5 causes alveolar ACE-2 receptor overexpression. This may increase viral load in patients exposed to pollutants in turn depleting ACE-2 receptors and impairing host defences. High atmospheric NO2 may provide a second hit causing a severe form of SARS-CoV-2 in ACE-2 depleted lungs resulting in a worse outcome."}, {"pmid": 32452954, "title": "A Snapshot of Elective Oncological Surgery in Italy During COVID-19 Emergency: Pearls, Pitfalls, and Perspectives.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Torzilli, Guido", "Vigano, Luca", "Galvanin, Jacopo", "Castoro, Carlo", "Quagliuolo, Vittorio", "Spinelli, Antonino", "Zerbi, Alessandro", "Donadon, Matteo", "Montorsi, Marco"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452954", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the impact of COVID-19 emergency on elective oncological surgical activity in Italy. COVID-19 emergency shocked national health systems, subtracting resources from treatment of other diseases. Its impact on surgical oncology is still to elucidate. A 56-question survey regarding the oncological surgical activity in Italy during the COVID-19 emergency was sent to referral centers for hepato-bilio-pancreatic, colorectal, esophago-gastric, and sarcoma/soft-tissue tumors. The survey portrays the situation 5 weeks after the first case of secondary transmission in Italy. In total, 54 surgical Units in 36 Hospitals completed the survey (95%). After COVID-19 emergency, 70% of Units had reduction of hospital beds (median -50%) and 76% of surgical activity (median -50%). The number of surgical procedures decreased: 3.8 (interquartile range 2.7-5.4) per week before the emergency versus 2.6 (22-4.4) after (P = 0.036). In Lombardy, the most involved district, the number decreased from 3.9 to 2 procedures per week. The time interval between multidisciplinary discussion and surgery more than doubled: 7 (6-10) versus 3 (3-4) weeks (P < 0.001). Two-third (n = 34) of departments had repeat multidisciplinary discussion of patients. The commonest criteria to prioritize surgery were tumor biology (80%), time interval from neoadjuvant therapy (61%), risk of becoming unresectable (57%), and tumor-related symptoms (52%). Oncological hub-and-spoke program was planned in 29 departments, but was active only in 10 (19%). This survey showed how surgical oncology suffered remarkable reduction of the activity resulting in doubled waiting-list. The oncological hub-and-spoke program did not work adequately. The reassessment of healthcare systems to better protect the oncological path seems a priority."}, {"pmid": 32294078, "pmcid": "PMC7177041", "title": "Comparison of the Indicators of Psychological Stress in the Population of Hubei Province and Non-Endemic Provinces in China During Two Weeks During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in February 2020.", "journal": "Med Sci Monit", "authors": ["Yuan, Shuai", "Liao, Zhenxin", "Huang, Haojie", "Jiang, Boyue", "Zhang, Xueyan", "Wang, Yingwen", "Zhao, Mingyi"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294078", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BACKGROUND During February 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Hubei Province, China, was at its height, requiring isolation of the population. This study aimed to compare the emotional state, somatic responses, sleep quality, and behavior of people in Hubei Province with non-endemic provinces in China during two weeks in February 2020.\u00a0 MATERIAL AND METHODS Questionnaires were completed by 939 individuals (357 men; 582 women), including 33 from Hubei and 906 from non-endemic provinces. The Stress Response Questionnaire (SRQ) determined the emotional state, somatic responses, and behavior. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to measure the duration of sleep and sleep quality. RESULTS There were 939 study participants, aged 18-24 years (35.89%) and 25-39 years (35.57%); 65.92% were university students. During a two week period in February 2020, the emotional state and behavior of participants in Hubei improved, but the quality of sleep did not. Health workers and business people became increasingly anxious, but other professionals became less anxious. The data showed that most people in Hubei Province developed a more positive attitude regarding their risk of infection and the chances of surviving the COVID-19 epidemic. CONCLUSIONS During a two-week period, front-line health workers and people in Hubei Province became less anxious about the COVID-19 epidemic, but sleep quality did not improve. Despite public awareness, levels of anxiety exist that affect the quality of life during epidemics, including periods of population quarantine. Therefore, health education should be combined with psychological counseling for vulnerable individuals."}, {"pmid": 32387581, "pmcid": "PMC7199722", "title": "EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Chang, Hsu-Liang", "Chen, Yen-Hsu", "Taiwan, Hsin-Chu", "Yang, Chih-Jen"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387581", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32371563, "title": "Asthma increases risk of severity of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Pennington, Emily"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371563", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines state that patients with moderate to severe asthma may be at greater risk for more severe disease if infected with SARS-CoV-2; however, no published data support this suggestion. During this pandemic, it is recommended that patients with asthma continue taking all controller inhalers and other asthma medication as prescribed to prevent exacerbations and limit outpatient clinic and emergency room exposure. Symptoms that may differentiate COVID-19 from asthma exacerbations caused by another trigger may include fever, fatigue, anorexia, or myalgias. Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 should avoid nebulizer treatments due to the risk of aerosolization."}, {"pmid": 32073213, "pmcid": "PMC7166509", "title": "Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Tang, Ning", "Li, Dengju", "Wang, Xiong", "Sun, Ziyong"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32073213", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the recent outbreak of novel coronavirus infection in Wuhan, China, significantly abnormal coagulation parameters in severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) cases were a concern. To describe the coagulation feature of patients with NCP. Conventional coagulation results and outcomes of 183 consecutive patients with confirmed NCP in Tongji hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The overall mortality was 11.5%, the non-survivors revealed significantly higher D-dimer and fibrin degradation product (FDP) levels, longer prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time compared to survivors on admission (P\u00a0<\u00a0.05); 71.4% of non-survivors and 0.6% survivors met the criteria of disseminated intravascular coagulation during their hospital stay. The present study shows that abnormal coagulation results, especially markedly elevated D-dimer and FDP are common in deaths with NCP."}, {"pmid": 32376146, "pmcid": "PMC7252046", "title": "Skin cancer plastic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Surg Oncol", "authors": ["Gentileschi, Stefano", "Caretto, Anna Amelia", "Tagliaferri, Luca", "Salgarello, Marzia", "Peris, Ketty"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376146", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234453, "pmcid": "PMC7271011", "title": "Follow-up of asymptomatic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Zhou, X", "Li, Y", "Li, T", "Zhang, W"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234453", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437030, "title": "Laser-assisted head and neck surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic: controversial evidence and precautions.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Gallo, Oreste", "Locatello, Luca Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437030", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32244258, "title": "Considerations on Colorectal Cancer Care in a COVID-19 Pandemic Epicenter.", "journal": "Surg Technol Int", "authors": ["Gachabayov, Mahir", "Dong, Xiang Da", "Latifi, Rifat", "Bergamaschi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244258", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32173572, "pmcid": "PMC7270523", "title": "Applications of Google Search Trends for risk communication in infectious disease management: A case study of the COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Husnayain, Atina", "Fuad, Anis", "Su, Emily Chia-Yu"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173572", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An emerging outbreak of a novel coronavirus, COVID-19, has now been detected in at least 211 countries worldwide. Given this pandemic situation, robust risk communication is urgently needed, particularly in affected countries. Therefore, this study explored the potential use of Google Trends (GT) to monitor public restlessness toward COVID-19 infection in Taiwan. We retrieved GT data for the specific locations and subregions in Taiwan nationwide using defined search terms related to the coronavirus, handwashing, and face masks. Searches related to COVID-19 and face masks in Taiwan rapidly increased following the announcements of Taiwan's first imported case and reached a peak as locally acquired cases were reported. However, searches for handwashing gradually increased during the period of face-mask shortage. Moreover, high to moderate correlations between Google relative search volumes (RSVs) and COVID-19 cases were found in Taipei (lag-3), New Taipei (lag-2), Taoyuan (lag-2), Tainan (lag-1), Taichung (lag0), and Kaohsiung (lag0). In response to the ongoing outbreak, our results demonstrated that GT could potentially define the proper timing and location for practicing appropriate risk communication strategies for affected populations."}, {"pmid": 32486229, "title": "Investigation of Some Antiviral N-Heterocycles as COVID 19 Drug: Molecular Docking and DFT Calculations.", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Hagar, Mohamed", "Ahmed, Hoda A", "Aljohani, Ghadah", "Alhaddad, Omaima A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486229", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a global health pandemic that started in December 2019. The effective drug target among coronaviruses is the main protease Mpro, because of its essential role in processing the polyproteins that are translated from the viral RNA. In this study, the bioactivity of some selected heterocyclic drugs named Favipiravir (1), Amodiaquine (2), 2'-Fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine (3), and Ribavirin (4) was evaluated as inhibitors and nucleotide analogues for COVID-19 using computational modeling strategies. The density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to estimate the thermal parameters, dipole moment, polarizability, and molecular electrostatic potential of the present drugs; additionally, Mulliken atomic charges of the drugs as well as the chemical reactivity descriptors were investigated. The nominated drugs were docked on SARS-CoV-2 main protease (PDB: 6LU7) to evaluate the binding affinity of these drugs. Besides, the computations data of DFT the docking simulation studies was predicted that the Amodiaquine (2) has the least binding energy (-7.77 Kcal/mol) and might serve as a good inhibitor to SARS-CoV-2 comparable with the approved medicines, hydroxychloroquine, and remdesivir which have binding affinity -6.06 and -4.96 Kcal/mol, respectively. The high binding affinity of 2 was attributed to the presence of three hydrogen bonds along with different hydrophobic interactions between the drug and the critical amino acids residues of the receptor. Finally, the estimated molecular electrostatic potential results by DFT were used to illustrate the molecular docking findings. The DFT calculations showed that drug 2 has the highest of lying HOMO, electrophilicity index, basicity, and dipole moment. All these parameters could share with different extent to significantly affect the binding affinity of these drugs with the active protein sites."}, {"pmid": 32305882, "pmcid": "PMC7195018", "title": "Diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection are at higher risk of ICU admission and poor short-term outcome.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Roncon, Loris", "Zuin, Marco", "Rigatelli, Gianluca", "Zuliani, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305882", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The prognostic significance of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) remains unknown. To assess the risk of ICU admission and morality risk in diabetic COVID-19 patients. A database search was conducted to identify studies comparing diabetic COVID-19 patients hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU) and those reporting the overall mortality of these patients published up to March 25, 2020 within MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed in abstracting data and assessing validity. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale. The main outcome was the risk of ICU admission in diabetic patients with COVID-19 infection while the second was the mortality risk in overall diabetic COVID-19 patients. Data were pooled using the Mantel-Haenszel random effects models with odds ratio (OR) as the effect measure with the related 95 % confidence interval (CI). Statistical heterogeneity between groups was measured using the Higgins I2 statistic. Among 1382 patients (mean age 51.5 years, 798 males), DM resulted to be the second more frequent comorbidities. Diabetic patients resulted to have a significant increased risk of ICU admission (OR: 2.79, 95 % CI 1.85-4.22, p\u2009<\u20090.0001, I2\u2009=\u200946 %). In 471 patients (mean age 56.6 years, 294 males) analysed for the secondary outcome diabetic subjects resulted to be at higher mortality risk (OR 3.21, 95 % CI 1.82-5.64, p\u2009<\u20090.0001, I2\u2009=\u200916 %). Diabetic patients with COVID-19 patients are at higher risk of ICU admission and show an higher mortality risk."}, {"pmid": 32382213, "pmcid": "PMC7203062", "title": "The scientific literature on Coronaviruses, COVID-19 and its associated safety-related research dimensions: A scientometric analysis and scoping review.", "journal": "Saf Sci", "authors": ["Haghani, Milad", "Bliemer, Michiel C J", "Goerlandt, Floris", "Li, Jie"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382213", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 global pandemic has generated an abundance of research quickly following the outbreak. Within only a few months, more than a thousand studies on this topic have already appeared in the scientific literature. In this short review, we analyse the bibliometric aspects of these studies on a macro level, as well as those addressing Coronaviruses in general. Furthermore, through a scoping analysis of the literature on COVID-19, we identify the main safety-related dimensions that these studies have thus far addressed. Our findings show that across various research domains, and apart from the medical and clinical aspects such as the safety of vaccines and treatments, issues related to patient transport safety, occupational safety of healthcare professionals, biosafety of laboratories and facilities, social safety, food safety, and particularly mental/psychological health and domestic safety have thus far attracted most attention of the scientific community in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our analysis also uncovers various potentially significant safety problems caused by this global health emergency which currently have attracted only limited scientific focus but may warrant more attention. These include matters such as cyber safety, economic safety, and supply-chain safety. These findings highlight why, from an academic research perspective, a holistic interdisciplinary approach and a collective scientific effort is required to help understand and mitigate the various safety impacts of this crisis whose implications reach far beyond the bio-medical risks. Such holistic safety-scientific understanding of the COVID-19 crisis can furthermore be instrumental to be better prepared for a future pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32275289, "title": "Joint International Collaboration to Combat Mental Health Challenges During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Psychiatry", "authors": ["Xiang, Yu-Tao", "Jin, Yu", "Cheung, Teris"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275289", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433386, "title": "Firearm Industry Groups Are Using COVID-19 to Expand Gun Rights.", "journal": "J Public Health Manag Pract", "authors": ["Pomeranz, Jennifer L"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433386", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32220285, "pmcid": "PMC7156224", "title": "Management of pregnant women infected with COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Luo, Yongwen", "Yin, Kai"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32220285", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438383, "title": "Inhaled modified angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a decoy to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Ameratunga, Rohan", "Lehnert, Klaus", "Leung, Euphemia", "Comoletti, Davide", "Snell, Russell", "Woon, See-Tarn", "Abbott, William", "Mears, Emily", "Steele, Richard", "McKee, Jeff", "Muscroft-Taylor, Andrew", "Ameratunga, Shanthi", "Medlicott, Natalie", "Das, Shyamal", "Rolleston, William", "Quinones-Mateu, Miguel", "Petousis-Harris, Helen", "Jordan, Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438383", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a new zoonotic disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Since its emergence in Wuhan City, China, the virus has rapidly spread across the globe causing calamitous health, economic and societal consequences. It causes disproportionately severe disease in the elderly and those with co-morbidities, such as hypertension and diabetes. There is currently no proven treatment for COVID-19 and a safe and effective vaccine is at least a year away. The virus gains access to the respiratory epithelium through cell surface angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The receptor binding domain (RBD) of the virus is unlikely to mutate without loss of pathogenicity and thus represents an attractive target for antiviral treatment. Inhaled modified recombinant human ACE2, may bind SARS-CoV-2 and mitigate lung damage. This decoy strategy is unlikely to provoke an adverse immune response and may reduce morbidity and mortality in high-risk groups."}, {"pmid": 32504761, "pmcid": "PMC7267792", "title": "Medical Waste Management Practice during the 2019-2020 Novel Coronavirus Pandemic: Experience in a General Hospital.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Peng, Jie", "Wu, Xunlian", "Wang, Rongli", "Li, Cui", "Zhang, Qing", "Wei, Daiqing"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504761", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is currently a critical period for the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the medical waste disposal could be an important way to control the source of infection, standardization and strict implementation of the management of COVID-19 related medical waste should be with careful consideration to reduce the risk of epidemic within hospitals. This study illustrates the practice of medical waste disposal responding to the 2019-2020 novel coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32425366, "pmcid": "PMC7229924", "title": "Comment on 'Reorganisation of medical oncology departments during the novel coronavirus disease-19 pandemic: A nationwide Italian survey' by Alice Indini et al.", "journal": "Eur J Cancer", "authors": ["Bongiovanni, Alberto", "Mercatali, Laura", "Fausti, Valentina", "Ibrahim, Toni"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425366", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32223477, "title": "Pregnant women in the exposure to COVID-19 infection outbreak: the unseen risk factors and preventive healthcare patterns.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Mirzadeh, Monirsadat", "Khedmat, Leila"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223477", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32144097, "pmcid": "PMC7101177", "title": "What can early Canadian experience screening for COVID-19 teach us about how to prepare for a pandemic?", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Lin, Molly", "Beliavsky, Alina", "Katz, Kevin", "Powis, Jeff E", "Ng, Wil", "Williams, Victoria", "Science, Michelle", "Groves, Helen", "Muller, Mathew P", "Vaisman, Alon", "Hota, Susy", "Johnstone, Jennie", "Leis, Jerome A"], "date": "2020-03-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32144097", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520728, "title": "Anesthesiologists' and intensive care providers' exposure to COVID-19 infection in a New York City academic center: a prospective cohort study assessing symptoms and COVID-19 antibody testing.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Morcuende, Miguel", "Guglielminotti, Jean", "Landau, Ruth"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520728", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Protecting first-line healthcare providers against work-related COVID-19 infection at the onset of the pandemic has been a crucial challenge in the United States. Anesthesiologists in particular are considered at risk, since aerosol-generating procedures, such as intubation and extubation, have been shown to significantly increase the odds for respiratory infections during severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreaks. This study assessed the incidence of COVID-19-like symptoms and presence of COVID-19 antibodies after work-related COVID-19 exposures, among physicians working in a large academic hospital in New York City (NYC). An e-mail survey was addressed to anesthesiologists and affiliated intensive care providers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center on April 15, 2020. The survey assessed 4 domains: 1) demographics and medical history, 2) community exposure to COVID-19 (e.g., use of NYC subway), 3) work-related exposure to COVID-19, and 4) development of COVID-19-like symptoms after work exposure. The first 100 survey responders were invited to undergo a blood test to assess antibody status (presence of IgM/IgG specific to COVID-19). Work-related exposure was defined as any episode where the provider was not wearing adequate personal protective equipment (airborne or droplet/contact protection depending on the exposure type). Based on the clinical scenario, work exposure was categorized as high-risk (e.g., exposure during intubation) or low-risk (e.g., exposure during doffing). 205 healthcare providers were contacted and 105 completed the survey (51%); 91 completed the serological test. Sixty-one of the respondents (58%) reported at least one work-related exposure and 54% of the exposures were high-risk. Among respondents reporting a work-related exposure, 16 (26.2%) reported post-exposure COVID-19-like symptoms. The most frequent symptoms were myalgia (9 cases), diarrhea (8 cases), fever (7 cases), and sore throat (7 cases). COVID-19 antibodies were detected in 11 of the 91 tested respondents (12.1%), with no difference between respondents with (11.8%) or without (12.5%) a work- related exposure, including high-risk exposure. Compared with antibody negative respondents, antibody positive respondents were more likely to use NYC subway to commute to work and report COVID-19-like symptoms in the last 90 days. In the epicenter of the United States' pandemic and within 6-8 weeks of the COVID-19 outbreak, a small proportion of anesthesiologists and affiliated intensive care providers reported COVID-19-like symptoms after a work-related exposure and even fewer had detectable COVID-19 antibodies. Presence of COVID-19 antibodies appeared to be associated with community/environmental transmission rather than secondary to work-related exposures involving high risk procedures."}, {"pmid": 32389754, "pmcid": "PMC7204716", "title": "RILI model and the Covid-19 pneumonia: The radiation oncologist point of view.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Lazzari, Grazia", "Silvano, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389754", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292865, "pmcid": "PMC7118533", "title": "COVID-19 and the Renin-Angiotensin System.", "journal": "Kidney Int Rep", "authors": ["Malha, Line", "Mueller, Franco B", "Pecker, Mark S", "Mann, Samuel J", "August, Phyllis", "Feig, Peter U"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292865", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32170953, "pmcid": "PMC7094785", "title": "Limiting spread of COVID-19 from cruise ships: lessons to be learnt from Japan.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Sawano, T", "Ozaki, A", "Rodriguez-Morales, A J", "Tanimoto, T", "Sah, R"], "date": "2020-03-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32170953", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362589, "title": "Imaging findings of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia: a case series.", "journal": "Hong Kong Med J", "authors": ["Woo, S C", "Yung, K S", "Wong, T", "Yu, E L M", "Li, S K", "Chan, H F", "Chan, C H", "Lee, Y C", "Chan, J M C", "Leung, W S"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362589", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464298, "pmcid": "PMC7247977", "title": "The impact of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 among healthcare workers in hospitals: An aerial overview.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Xiang, Boqi", "Li, Peining", "Yang, Xinhui", "Zhong, Shuyi", "Manyande, Anne", "Feng, Maohui"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464298", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, places healthcare workers at an increased risk of infection as they are in close contact with patients. In this article, we report an overview of cases of infected healthcare workers in China and Italy during the early periods of the COVID-19 epidemic. China's coronavirus response highlights the importance of implementing effective public health strategies. The authorities worldwide therefore, need to be extremely cautious when they implement stringent protective measures that safeguard healthcare workers in hospitals and counteract the threats created by the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32289798, "pmcid": "PMC7179533", "title": "Clinical Trials during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.", "journal": "Nephron", "authors": ["Warnock, David G"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289798", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303841, "pmcid": "PMC7164409", "title": "Lead the way or leave the way: leading a Department of Orthopedics through the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol", "authors": ["Mauffrey, Cyril", "Trompeter, Alex"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303841", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420884, "title": "COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases: viewpoint for older patients.", "journal": "Geriatr Psychol Neuropsychiatr Vieil", "authors": ["Boureau, Anne-Sophie", "de Decker, Laure", "Berrut, Gilles", "Hanon, Olivier"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420884", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The link between cardiovascular disease and COVID-19 appears to be twofold. First, some reports of data indicate that certain groups of patients are more at risk of COVID-19. This includes patients with cardiovascular risk factors or pre-existing cardiovascular conditions and older patients. In addition, these patients incur disproportionately worse outcome. Second, SARS-CoV2 infection can be complicated by life-threatening cardiovascular acute diseases. Despite the rapid evolution of data on this pandemic, this review aims to highlight the cardiovascular considerations related to COVID-19 whether as comorbidities including concerns and uncertainty regarding the effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors on angiotensin conversion enzyme 2 or related to acute cardiovascular complications."}, {"pmid": 32526088, "title": "Technology-based management of neurourology patients in the COVID-19 pandemic: Is this the future? A report from the International Continence Society (ICS) institue.", "journal": "Neurourol Urodyn", "authors": ["Huri, Emre", "Hamid, Rizwan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526088", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly altered our daily life as well as our professional practice. COVID-19 has disrupted our lives both professionally and personally. We know the urological management in a neurogenic patient needs to be tailored to the individual circumstances, this is even more pertinent during these uncertain times. International Continence Society is the premier international organization in functional urology. Lately, it has established an institute to facilitate teaching and training opportunities all over the world. The School of Neurourology teamed with the School of Modern Technology and set up a Webinar-\"How to manage the neuro-urological patients in the current pandemic.\" This was set up as a case-based discussion to deliberate the management of our patients in the present climate and examine the role of modern technology in overcoming the current barriers."}, {"pmid": 32355961, "pmcid": "PMC7197528", "title": "Letter: COVID-19 Impact on the Medical Student Path to Neurosurgery.", "journal": "Neurosurgery", "authors": ["Chae, John K", "Haghdel, Arsalan", "Guadix, Sergio W", "Winston, Graham M", "Younus, Iyan", "Radwanski, Ryan", "Schwartz, Theodore H", "Greenfield, Jeffrey P", "Apuzzo, Michael L J", "Pannullo, Susan C"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355961", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486011, "title": "Forecast Possible Risk for COVID-19 Epidemic Dissemination Under Current Control Strategies in Japan.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Chen, Zhongxiang", "Yang, Jun", "Dai, Binxiang"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486011", "countries": ["Japan", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has globally spread to over 4 million people and the epidemic situation in Japan is very serious. The purpose of this research was to assess the risk of COVID-19 epidemic dissemination in Japan by estimating the current state of epidemic dissemination and providing some epidemic prevention and control recommendations. Firstly, the period from 6 January to 31 March 2020 was divided into four stages and the relevant parameters were estimated according to the imported cases in Japan. The basic reproduction number of the current stage is 1.954 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.851-2.025), which means COVID-19 will spread quickly, and the self-healing rate of Japanese is about 0.495 (95% CI 0.437-0.506), with small variations in the four stages. Secondly, the results were applied to the actual reported cases from 1 to 5 April 2020, verifying the reliability of the estimated data using the accumulated reported cases located within the 95% confidence interval and the relative error of forecast data of five days being less than 2 . 5 % . Thirdly, considering the medical resources in Japan, the times the epidemic beds and ventilators become fully occupied are predicted as 5 and 15 May 2020, respectively. Keeping with the current situation, the final death toll in Japan may reach into the millions. Finally, based on experience with COVID-19 prevention and control in China, robust measures such as nationwide shutdown, store closures, citizens isolating themselves at home, and increasing PCR testing would quickly and effectively prevent COVID-19 spread."}, {"pmid": 32281334, "title": "[Strategy of pharmaceutical care services for clinical Chinese pharmacists in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)].", "journal": "Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi", "authors": ["Lin, Zhi-Jian", "Zhang, Bing"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281334", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) seriously endangers people's health. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has been recommended for the treatment of COVID-19 in Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Prevention and Control Strategy, which have made outstanding contributions to the prevention and control of the epidemic. The wide application of Chinese medicine asked the pharmacists and doctors, nurses, and medical technicians in Wuhan and around the country to stand on the front line of COVID-19 treatment, and provide pharmaceutical care services, which has effectively guaranteed the safety and rational use of Chinese medicine. This article will introduce the TCM cognition of the COVID-19, analyze the clinical application of Chinese medicine and the entry point of pharmaceutical care, and clarify that clinical Chinese pharmacists can participate in making medication therapy plan, medication reconciliation, and prescription review, promoting rational drug use, pharmaceutical monitoring, and drug risk management. The participation of clinical Chinese pharmacists in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 is conducive to improving the level of rational use of TCM, by ensuring the effectiveness, and safety."}, {"pmid": 32311323, "pmcid": "PMC7164892", "title": "COVID-19 in Latin America.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Burki, Talha"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311323", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407669, "pmcid": "PMC7196896", "title": "Heightened Innate Immune Responses in the Respiratory Tract of COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Zhou, Zhuo", "Ren, Lili", "Zhang, Li", "Zhong, Jiaxin", "Xiao, Yan", "Jia, Zhilong", "Guo, Li", "Yang, Jing", "Wang, Chun", "Jiang, Shuai", "Yang, Donghong", "Zhang, Guoliang", "Li, Hongru", "Chen, Fuhui", "Xu, Yu", "Chen, Mingwei", "Gao, Zhancheng", "Yang, Jian", "Dong, Jie", "Liu, Bo", "Zhang, Xiannian", "Wang, Weidong", "He, Kunlun", "Jin, Qi", "Li, Mingkun", "Wang, Jianwei"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407669", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreaks of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection have posed a severe threat to global public health. It is unclear how the human immune system responds to this infection. Here, we used metatranscriptomic sequencing to profile immune signatures in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of eight COVID-19 cases. The expression of proinflammatory genes, especially chemokines, was markedly elevated in COVID-19 cases compared to community-acquired pneumonia patients and healthy controls, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection causes hypercytokinemia. Compared to SARS-CoV, which is thought to induce inadequate interferon (IFN) responses, SARS-CoV-2 robustly triggered expression of numerous IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). These ISGs exhibit immunopathogenic potential, with overrepresentation of genes involved in inflammation. The transcriptome data was also used to estimate immune cell populations, revealing increases in activated dendritic cells and neutrophils. Collectively, these host responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection could further our understanding of disease pathogenesis and point toward antiviral strategies."}, {"pmid": 32366513, "title": "Covid-19: Confidentiality agreements allow antibody test manufacturers to withhold evaluation results.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366513", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406551, "pmcid": "PMC7272803", "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the utilization of emergency urological services.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Madanelo, M", "Ferreira, C", "Nunes-Carneiro, D", "Pinto, A", "Rocha, M A", "Correia, J", "Teixeira, B", "Mendes, G", "Tavares, C", "Mesquita, S", "Fraga, A"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406551", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compare the number of patients attending the Urology ED of Centro Hospitalar Universit\u00e1rio do Porto (CHUP), as well as their demographic characteristics, the reasons for admission, the clinical severity under the Manchester triage system (MTS), and the need for emergency surgery or hospitalization, during the pandemic and the equivalent period in 2019. Data were collected from patients attending the Urology emergency ward of CHUP during three weeks - from March 11th 2020 to April 1st 2020 - and from the same period the previous year (from March 11th to April 1st 2019). During the pandemic, 46.4% fewer patients visited our urological ED (122 vs 263). There was no significant difference of the mean age or the number of old patients (with 65 or more years old) between the two periods. However, significantly fewer female patients sought emergency urological services during the COVID-19 pandemic period (32.7% vs. 14.8%, p<0.05). No significant differences were noted between different clinical severity groups under the MTS. In 2019, significantly less patients required hospitalization. The most common reasons for admission, during both periods, were hematuria, renal colic and urinary tract infections (UTI). The authors recognize that the study has several limitations, namely, those inherent to its retrospective nature. COVID-19 significantly influenced people's urological care-seeking behaviour. Understanding the present situation is helpful for the prediction of future urological needs. Based on the results of this study, we have reasons to speculate that people's requirements for urological services might grow explosively in the post-COVID-19 period. There should be further studies about the real state of long-term urological services and the consequences that this pandemic may have in terms of morbimortality not directly related to the virus."}, {"pmid": 32519258, "title": "BCG Vaccination Policy and Protection Against COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Meena, Jitendra", "Yadav, Arushi", "Kumar, Jogender"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519258", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429101, "title": "Use of Saliva for Diagnosis and Monitoring the SARS-CoV-2: A General Perspective.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Ceron, Jose J", "Lamy, Elsa", "Martinez-Subiela, Silvia", "Lopez-Jornet, Pia", "Capela E Silva, Fernando", "Eckersall, Peter David", "Tvarijonaviciute, Asta"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429101", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this report, updated information and future perspectives about the use of saliva as a sample for laboratory analysis of the Covid-19 are highlighted. Saliva can be used for the direct detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the quantification of the specific immunoglobulins produced against it, and for the evaluation of the non-specific, innate immune response of the patient. Moreover, a deeper knowledge of potential changes in the saliva proteome in this disease may allow the identification of new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, or even help our understanding of the mechanisms associated with the disease. With the development of appropriate sample collection and processing methods and the use of adequate assays, saliva can provide useful clinical information about the disease and could be potentially included in guidelines for sample collection for the diagnosis, disease management, and control of Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32335584, "title": "Let Us Fight Together against COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Nepal Health Res Counc", "authors": ["Hamal, Pawan Kumar", "Dangal, Ganesh", "Gyanwali, Pradip", "Jha, Anjani Kumar"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335584", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "NA."}, {"pmid": 32496357, "title": "Early Experience With COVID-19 and Solid Organ Transplantation at a US High-volume Transplant Center.", "journal": "Transplantation", "authors": ["Yi, Stephanie G", "Rogers, Alex W", "Saharia, Ashish", "Aoun, Maria", "Faour, Romy", "Abdelrahim, Maen", "Knight, Richard J", "Grimes, Kevin", "Bullock, Samantha", "Hobeika, Mark", "McMillan, Robert", "Mobley, Constance", "Moaddab, Mozhgon", "Huang, Howard J", "Bhimaraj, Arvind", "Ghobrial, R Mark", "Gaber, A Osama"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496357", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) poses unique challenges for immunosuppressed patients. Solid organ transplant recipients (SOT) comprise a large proportion of this group, yet there is limited knowledge about the presentation, clinical course and immunosuppression management of this novel infection among heart, lung, liver, pancreas and kidney transplant recipients. We present 21 SOT diagnosed with COVID-19 between January 1, 2020 - April 22, 2020 at a US high-volume transplant center. Diagnostic workup, clinical course, immunosuppression/antiviral management and immediate outcomes are described. Twenty-one (15.9%) of 132 symptomatic patients tested were positive. Mean age at diagnosis was 54.8 \u00b1 10.9 years. Median time from transplant was 5.58 years (IQR 2.25, 7.33). Median follow-up was 18 days (IQR 13, 30). Fourteen patients required inpatient management, with 7 (50%) placed in the intensive care unit (ICU). All transplant types were represented. Nearly 43% exhibited GI symptoms. Over half (56.2%) presented with elevated serum creatinine suggestive of acute kidney injury. The majority of patients (5/7) with concomitant infections at baseline required the ICU. Eighty-percent received hydroxychloroquine \u00b1 azithromycin. Ten received toclizumab and/or ribavirin; 1 received remdesivir. Antimetabolites \u00b1 calcineurin inhibitors were held or reduced. Over half of hospitalized patients (8/14) were discharged home. Only 1 mortality (4.8%) to date, in a critically-ill heart/kidney patient who had been in the ICU prior to diagnosis. COVID-19 positive SOT at our institution had favorable short-term outcomes. Those with concomitant infections had more severe illness. More data will be available to evaluate long-term outcomes and disease impact on graft function."}, {"pmid": 32352481, "title": "Rapid Development of Resident-Led Procedural Response Teams to Support Patient Care During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Epidemic: A Surgical Workforce Activation Team.", "journal": "JAMA Surg", "authors": ["Coons, Barbara E", "Tam, Sophia F", "Okochi, Shunpei"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352481", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412924, "title": "Resuming Elective Orthopaedic Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Guidelines Developed by the International Consensus Group (ICM).", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Parvizi, J", "Gehrke, T", "Krueger, C A", "Chisari, E", "Citak, M", "Van Onsem, S", "Walter, W L", "Abdelaziz, H", "Abolghasemian, M N", "Aboltins, C", "Al Maskari, S M", "Baldini, A", "Barnes, C L", "Basso, T", "Belden, K", "Benazzo, F", "Bhandari, M", "Bolognesi, M P", "Bosco, J A 3rd", "Bozkurt, N M", "Brown, T S", "Buttaro, M", "Carli, A V", "Catani, F", "Chen, J", "Cao, L", "Choe, H", "Clohisy, J C", "de Beaubien, B", "Della Valle, C J", "Diaz-Ledezma, C", "Dietz, M J", "Drago, L", "Ehrlich, G D", "Fleischman, A N", "Ghanem, E S", "Ghert, M", "Gomes, L S M", "Goswami, K", "Guerra-Farfan, E", "Higuera, C A", "Iorio, R", "Jennings, J M", "Kim, K I", "Kjaersgaard-Andersen, P", "Kunutsor, S K", "Kyte Lee, R", "Levine, B R", "Linke, P", "Malizos, K N", "Marcelescu, C E", "Marin-Pena, O M", "Mears, S C", "Mihalko, W M", "Memtsoudis, S G", "Miller Mont, A O", "Mullaji, A", "Lima, A L Munhoz", "Nandi, S", "Ohlmeier, M", "Otero, J E", "Padgett, D E", "Reed, M", "Rossi, R", "Sancheti, P", "Sandiford, N A", "Schwaber, M J", "Schwarz, E M", "Schwarzkpof, R", "Seyler, T M", "Spangehl, M J", "Sporer, S M", "Springer, B D", "Sousa, R", "Tornetta, P 3rd", "Witso, E", "Wouthuyzen-Bakker, M", "Zhou, Y"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412924", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473660, "pmcid": "PMC7255722", "title": "COVID-19 and the difficulty of inferring epidemiological parameters from clinical data - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Verity, Robert", "Okell, Lucy", "Dorigatti, Ilaria", "Winskill, Peter", "Whittaker, Charlie", "Walker, Patrick", "Donnelly, Christl", "Ferguson, Neil", "Ghani, Azra"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473660", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386948, "pmcid": "PMC7196385", "title": "(18)FDG PET/CT Scan Reveals Hypoactive Orbitofrontal Cortex in Anosmia of COVID-19.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Karimi-Galougahi, Mahboobeh", "Yousefi-Koma, Abbas", "Bakhshayeshkaram, Mehrdad", "Raad, Nasim", "Haseli, Sara"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386948", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373393, "pmcid": "PMC7198415", "title": "Rapid and Sensitive Detection of COVID-19 Using CRISPR/Cas12a-based Detection with Naked Eye Readout, CRISPR/Cas12a-NER.", "journal": "Sci Bull (Beijing)", "authors": ["Wang, Xinjie", "Zhong, Mingtian", "Liu, Yong", "Ma, Peixiang", "Dang, Lu", "Meng, Qingzhou", "Wan, Wenwei", "Ma, Xiaodong", "Liu, Jia", "Yang, Guang", "Yang, Zifeng", "Huang, Xingxu", "Liu, Ming"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373393", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404318, "title": "Covid-19: \"Staggering number\" of extra deaths in community is not explained by covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Griffin, Shaun"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404318", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417862, "title": "Preparedness for Coronavirus Disease in Hospitals of Nepal: A Nationwide Survey.", "journal": "JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc", "authors": ["Shrestha, Gentle Sunder", "Paneru, Hem Raj", "Acharya, Subhash Prasad", "Shrestha, Sanjeet Krishna", "Sigdel, Mahesh Raj", "Tiwari, Sanjeeb", "Yadav, Bharat Kumar", "Rijal, Badri", "Karki, Lochan", "Neupane, Yogesh", "Thapa, Narmaya", "Lakhey, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417862", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease pandemic has affected large number of people globally and has continued to spread. Preparedness of individual nations and the hospitals is important to effectively deal with the surge of cases. We aimed to obtain nation wide data from Nepal, about hospital preparedness for COVID-19. Online questionnaire was prepared in accordance with the Center for Disease Control recommendations to assess preparedness of hospitals for COVID-19. The questionnaire was circulated to the over 800 doctors across the nation, who are the life members of six medical societies. We obtained 131 completed responses from all seven provinces. Majority of respondents had anaesthesiology as the primary specialty. Only 52 (39.7%) participants mentioned that their hospital had policy to receive suspected or proven cases with COVID-19. Presence of isolation ward was mentioned by 83 (63.4%) respondents, with only 9 (6.9%)mentioning the presence of airborne isolation. Supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) was inadequate as per 124 (94.7%) respondents. Critical care services for COVID-19 patients were possible only in hospitals of 42 (32.1%)respondents. RT-polymerase chain reaction could be performed only in the hospital of 6 (4.6%) respondents. It is apparent that most of the hospitals are not well prepared for management of patients with COVID-19. Resource allocation and policy making should be aimed to enhance national preparedness for the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32447429, "pmcid": "PMC7245574", "title": "Trials and tribulations: so many potential treatments, so few answers.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Gazendam, Aaron", "Nucci, Nicholas", "Ekhtiari, Seper", "Gohal, Chetan", "Zhu, Meng", "Payne, Abbey", "Bhandari, Mohit"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447429", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this review is to quantify the landscape of current clinical trials ongoing for therapies in the treatment of COVID-19. A secondary purpose is to examine the relationship between public and scientific interests in potential therapies for COVID-19. A systematic search of clinicaltrials.gov was undertaken on April 22, 2020, to identify all currently registered clinical trials investigating potential therapies for patients with COVID-19. Public interest in the various therapies was quantified utilizing Google Trends. Public interest in hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine was plotted against the cumulative number of active clinical trials evaluating antimalarials as potential COVID-19 therapies over time. There were 341 interventional studies and 208 different therapies actively registered on clinicaltrials.gov whose primary aim is the treatment of COVID-19. The median sample size was 120 patients (range 4-6000) with 154 (45%) trials reporting a planned sample size of 100 patients or less. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.76, p = 0.01) between the number of registered clinical trials and the public interest in the top ten proposed therapies. Following the spike in public interest, the average number of new trials increased tenfold with respect to antimalarial therapies. The relatively small sample sizes and the number of independent trials investigating similar therapies are concerning. Resources may not be being allocated based on scientific merit and may be driven by public consciousness and speculation. Moving forward, a concerted effort focused on implementing large, well-coordinated and carefully designed multi-armed clinical trials will help to ensure that the most promising therapeutic options are rigorously studied and clinically meaningful results produced."}, {"pmid": 32532461, "title": "Effectiveness of corticoid pulses in patients with cytokine storm syndrome induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Callejas Rubio, Jose Luis", "Luna Del Castillo, Juan de Dios", "de la Hera Fernandez, Javier", "Guirao Arrabal, Emilio", "Colmenero Ruiz, Manuel", "Ortego Centeno, Norberto"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532461", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is a serious complication of COVID-19 patients. Treatment is tocilizumab. The use of glucocorticoids (GC) is controversial. In other very similar CSS, such as macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) and hemophagocytic syndrome (HFS), the main treatment are corticosteroids. Our objective is to evaluate the efficacy of GC in the CSS by COVID-19. We included 92 patients with CSS associated to COVID-19 who received GC, GC, and tocilizumab and only tocilizumab. We determine CSS markers. We evaluated mortality, intubation, and a combined variable. In all cases the percentages of events were lower in the group of patients with GC was administered. The hazard ratio of the final variables with GC versus the group in which only tocilizumab was administered was lower as CGs were considered, with statistical significance for survival. The early use of GC pulses could control SLC, with a lower requirement to use tocilizumab and a decrease in events such as intubation and death."}, {"pmid": 32460209, "title": "The effect of potential therapeutic agents on QT interval in patients with COVID-19 Infection: The importance of close monitoring and correction of electrolytes.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Habibzadeh, Parham", "Moghadami, Mohsen", "Lankarani, Kamran Bagheri"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460209", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240519, "pmcid": "PMC7115350", "title": "Uncertainty in using chest computed tomography in early coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Mungmunpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240519", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302370, "pmcid": "PMC7164638", "title": "Perceptions of the adult US population regarding the novel coronavirus outbreak.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["McFadden, SarahAnn M", "Malik, Amyn A", "Aguolu, Obianuju G", "Willebrand, Kathryn S", "Omer, Saad B"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302370", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is spreading globally. Although COVID-19 has now been declared a pandemic and risk for infection in the United States (US) is currently high, at the time of survey administration the risk of infection in the US was low. It is important to understand the public perception of risk and trust in sources of information to better inform public health messaging. In this study, we surveyed the adult US population to understand their risk perceptions about the COVID-19 outbreak. We used an online platform to survey 718 adults in the US in early February 2020 using a questionnaire that we developed. Our sample was fairly similar to the general adult US population in terms of age, gender, race, ethnicity and education. We found that 69% of the respondents wanted the scientific/public health leadership (either the CDC Director or NIH Director) to lead the US response to COVID-19 outbreak as compared to 14% who wanted the political leadership (either the president or Congress) to lead the response. Risk perception was low (median score of 5 out of 10) with the respondents trusting health professionals and health officials for information on COVID-19. The majority of respondents were in favor of strict infection prevention policies to control the outbreak. Given our results, the public health/scientific leadership should be at the forefront of the COVID-19 response to promote trust."}, {"pmid": 32446778, "pmcid": "PMC7211650", "title": "The cytokine storm in COVID-19: An overview of the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system.", "journal": "Cytokine Growth Factor Rev", "authors": ["Coperchini, Francesca", "Chiovato, Luca", "Croce, Laura", "Magri, Flavia", "Rotondi, Mario"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446778", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In 2019-2020 a new coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 was identified as the causative agent of a several acute respiratory infection named COVID-19, which is causing a worldwide pandemic. There are still many unresolved questions regarding the pathogenesis of this disease and especially the reasons underlying the extremely different clinical course, ranging from asymptomatic forms to severe manifestations, including the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). SARS-CoV-2 showed phylogenetic similarities to both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV viruses, and some of the clinical features are shared between COVID-19 and previously identified beta-coronavirus infections. Available evidence indicate that the so called \"cytokine storm\" an uncontrolled over-production of soluble markers of inflammation which, in turn, sustain an aberrant systemic inflammatory response, is a major responsible for the occurrence of ARDS. Chemokines are low molecular weight proteins with powerful chemoattractant activity which play a role in the immune cell recruitment during inflammation. This review will be aimed at providing an overview of the current knowledge on the involvement of the chemokine/chemokine-receptor system in the cytokine storm related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Basic and clinical evidences obtained from previous SARS and MERS epidemics and available data from COVID-19 will be taken into account."}, {"pmid": 32532950, "title": "Infection prevention and control in blood purification centers during the COVID-19 epidemic: a single institution experience from Zhejiang, China.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Yamei, Yang", "Yanbo, Zhang", "Yuhong, Jin", "Xueyan, Bian"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532950", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "not available."}, {"pmid": 32361161, "pmcid": "PMC7186209", "title": "New understanding of the damage of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the respiratory system.", "journal": "Biomed Pharmacother", "authors": ["Zhang, Yuhao", "Geng, Xiuchao", "Tan, Yanli", "Li, Qiang", "Xu, Can", "Xu, Jianglong", "Hao, Liangchao", "Zeng, Zhaomu", "Luo, Xianpu", "Liu, Fulin", "Wang, Hong"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361161", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since early December 2019, a number of pneumonia cases associated with unknown coronavirus infection were identified in Wuhan, China, and many additional cases were identified in other regions of China and in other countries within 3 months. Currently, more than 80,000 cases have been diagnosed in China, including more than 3000 deaths. The epidemic is spreading to the rest of the world, posing a grave challenge to prevention and control. On February 12, 2020, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses and the World Health Organization officially named the novel coronavirus and associated pneumonia as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), respectively. According to the recent research on SARS-CoV-2, the virus mainly infects the respiratory system but may cause damage to other systems. In this paper, we will systematically review the pathogenic features, transmission routes, and infection mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2, as well as any adverse effects on the digestive system, urogenital system, central nervous system, and circulatory system, in order to provide a theoretical and clinical basis for the diagnosis, classification, treatment, and prognosis assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32459578, "title": "The effects of COVID-19 on the health and socio-economic security of sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya: Emerging intersections with HIV.", "journal": "Glob Public Health", "authors": ["Kimani, Joshua", "Adhiambo, Joyce", "Kasiba, Rosemary", "Mwangi, Peninah", "Were, Veronica", "Mathenge, John", "Macharia, Pascal", "Cholette, Francois", "Moore, Samantha", "Shaw, Souradet", "Becker, Marissa", "Musyoki, Helgar", "Bhattacharjee, Parinita", "Moses, Stephen", "Fowke, Keith R", "McKinnon, Lyle R", "Lorway, Robert"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459578", "countries": ["Kenya"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic, and its attendant responses, has led to massive health, social, and economic challenges on a global scale. While, so far, having a relatively low burden of COVID-19 infection, it is the response in lower- and middle- income countries that has had particularly dire consequences for impoverished populations such as sex workers, many of whom rely on regular income in the informal economic sector to survive. This commentary captures the challenges in Kenya posed by daily curfews and lost economic income, coupled with further changes to sex work that increase potential exposure to infection, stigmatisation, violence, and various health concerns. It also highlights the ways in which communities and programmes have demonstrated resourcefulness in responding to this unprecedented disruption in order to emerge healthy when COVID-19, and the measures to contain it, subside."}, {"pmid": 32418711, "pmcid": "PMC7200385", "title": "How to reduce the potential risk of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 during vaginal delivery?", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Carosso, Andrea", "Cosma, Stefano", "Serafini, Paola", "Benedetto, Chiara", "Mahmood, Tahir"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418711", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The risk of vertical transmission during vaginal delivery in COVID-19 pregnant patients is currently a topic of debate. Obstetric norms on vaginal birth assistance to reduce the potential risk of perinatal infection should be promoted by ensuring that the risk of contamination from maternal anus and faecal material is reduced during vaginal delivery."}, {"pmid": 32456064, "title": "Potential Benefits and Harms of Novel Antidiabetic Drugs During COVID-19 Crisis.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Mirabelli, Maria", "Chiefari, Eusebio", "Puccio, Luigi", "Foti, Daniela Patrizia", "Brunetti, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456064", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with diabetes have been reported to have enhanced susceptibility to severe or fatal COVID-19 infections, including a high risk of being admitted to intensive care units with respiratory failure and septic complications. Given the global prevalence of diabetes, affecting over 450 million people worldwide and still on the rise, the emerging COVID-19 crisis poses a serious threat to an extremely large vulnerable population. However, the broad heterogeneity and complexity of this dysmetabolic condition, with reference to etiologic mechanisms, degree of glycemic derangement and comorbid associations, along with the extensive sexual dimorphism in immune responses, can hamper any patient generalization. Even more relevant, and irrespective of glucose-lowering activities, DPP4 inhibitors and GLP1 receptor agonists may have a favorable impact on the modulation of viral entry and overproduction of inflammatory cytokines during COVID-19 infection, although current evidence is limited and not univocal. Conversely, SGLT2 inhibitors may increase the likelihood of COVID-19-related ketoacidosis decompensation among patients with severe insulin deficiency. Mindful of their widespread popularity in the management of diabetes, addressing potential benefits and harms of novel antidiabetic drugs to clinical prognosis at the time of a COVID-19 pandemic deserves careful consideration."}, {"pmid": 32149768, "title": "A confirmed asymptomatic carrier of 2019 novel coronavirus.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Luo, Si-Hui", "Liu, Wei", "Liu, Zhen-Jun", "Zheng, Xue-Ying", "Hong, Chang-Xing", "Liu, Zhi-Rong", "Liu, Jian", "Weng, Jian-Ping"], "date": "2020-03-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32149768", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32432527, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine against COVID-19: A critical appraisal of the existing evidence.", "journal": "Eur J Rheumatol", "authors": ["Tselios, Konstantinos", "Skendros, Panagiotis"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432527", "countries": ["China", "France"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has sparked much interest in the therapeutics of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Its antiviral properties have been studied for years; regarding the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), it has been shown that HCQ may act at multiple levels. These extend from the initial attachment of the virus to the respiratory epithelium to the inhibition of its replication by the alkalinisation of the phagolysosome's microenvironment and the post-translational modification of certain viral proteins. Preliminary clinical evidence from China and France showed significant virological and clinical benefit in HCQ-treated patients, while other studies, mostly including critically ill patients, did not show favorable results. In this review, we critically appraise the existing evidence on HCQ against SARS-CoV-2 with particular emphasis on its protective and therapeutic role. Safety concerns that are relevant to the short-term HCQ use are also discussed. In the context of the rapid evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic that strains the health care systems worldwide and considering limited population-wide testing rates in most of the vulnerable countries, early empiric short-term administration of HCQ in symptomatic individuals, may be a promising, safe and low-cost strategy."}, {"pmid": 32319301, "title": "COVID-19: How has the scientific community risen to the challenge?", "journal": "Biotechniques", "authors": ["Straiton, Jenny"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319301", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spreads around the world, scientists have raced to develop vaccines and tests in order to curb the infection."}, {"pmid": 32512207, "title": "JOINT SOCIETY STATEMENT ON ELECTIVE SURGERY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512207", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452978, "pmcid": "PMC7268855", "title": "Prolonged fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric patients. A quantitative evidence synthesis.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Santos, Victor Santana", "Gurgel, Ricardo Queiroz", "Cuevas, Luis Eduardo", "Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452978", "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate differences in viral shedding in respiratory and fecal samples from children with COVID-19. We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase and Web of Science databases to identify pediatric studies comparing the pattern of fecal and respiratory shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Summary estimates were calculated using random-effects models. Four studies reporting data from 36 children were included. A higher proportion of children had viral shedding in stools after 14 days of symptoms onset compared to respiratory samples (RR= 3.2, 95%CI 1.2 to 8.9, I2 = 51%). Viral RNA shedding was longer in fecal samples with a mean difference of approximately 9 days (Mean Difference = 8.6, 95%CI 1.7 to 15.4, I2\u200a=\u200a77%) compared with respiratory samples. SARS-CoV-2 shedding seems to be present in feces for a longer time than in the respiratory tract of children. Although fecal SARS-CoV-2 presence in feces do not confirm its transmissibility, the high and fast spread of the COVID-19 disease worldwide indicate other transmission routes are also plausible."}, {"pmid": 32501141, "title": "The Disproportionate Impact of COVID-19 on Minority Groups: A Social Justice Concern.", "journal": "J Gerontol Soc Work", "authors": ["Lee, HeeSoon", "Miller, Vivian J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501141", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435987, "pmcid": "PMC7239690", "title": "Using Insights from Behavioral Economics to Mitigate the Spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Appl Health Econ Health Policy", "authors": ["Soofi, Moslem", "Najafi, Farid", "Karami-Matin, Behzad"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435987", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a public health emergency of international concern. The number of COVID-infected individuals and related deaths continues to rise rapidly. Encouraging people to adopt and sustain preventive behaviors is a central focus of public health policies that seek to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Public health policy needs improved methods to encourage people to adhere to COVID-19-preventive behaviors. In this paper, we introduce a number of insights from behavioral economics that help explain why people may behave irrationally during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, present bias, status quo bias, framing effect, optimism bias, affect heuristic, and herding behavior are discussed. We hope this paper will shed light on how insights from behavioral economics can enrich public health policies and interventions in the fight against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32450477, "pmcid": "PMC7241373", "title": "Hardware versus heartware: The need to address psychological well-being among operating room staff during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Anesth", "authors": ["Lim, Jia Yin", "Lie, Sui An", "Ong, Yee Yian"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450477", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487426, "pmcid": "PMC7261091", "title": "Challenges and Ethical Considerations for Trainees and Attending Physicians During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Surg", "authors": ["Hai, Shaikh", "Baroutjian, Amanda", "Elkbuli, Adel"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487426", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242993, "title": "Familial hypercholesterolaemia and COVID-19: triggering of increased sustained cardiovascular risk.", "journal": "J Intern Med", "authors": ["Vuorio, Alpo", "Watts, Gerald F", "Kovanen, Petri T"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242993", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472464, "pmcid": "PMC7258608", "title": "A manual reduction of hernia under analgesia/sedation (Taxis) in the acute inguinal hernia: a useful technique in COVID-19 times to reduce the need for emergency surgery-a literature review.", "journal": "Hernia", "authors": ["East, B", "Pawlak, M", "de Beaux, A C"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472464", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute IH is a common surgical presentation. Despite new guidelines being published recently, a number of important questions remained unanswered including the role of taxis, as initial non-operative management. This is particularly relevant now due to the possibility of a lack of immediate surgical care as a result of COVID-19. The aim of this review is to assess the role of taxis in the management of emergency inguinal hernias. A review of the literature was undertaken. Available literature published until March 2019 was obtained and reviewed. 32,021 papers were identified, only 9 were of sufficient value to be used. There was a large discrepancy in the terminology of incarcerated/strangulated used. Taxis can be safely attempted early after the onset of symptoms and is effective in about 70% of patients. The possibility of reduction en-mass should be kept in mind. Definitive surgery to repair the hernia can be delayed by weeks until such time as surgery can be safely arranged. The use of taxis in emergency inguinal hernia is a useful first line of treatment in areas or situations where surgical care is not immediately available, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Emergency surgery remains the mainstay of management in the strangulated hernia setting."}, {"pmid": 32378288, "pmcid": "PMC7267281", "title": "Touch in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "BJOG", "authors": ["Mehta-Lee, Shilpi S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378288", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343300, "pmcid": "PMC7189333", "title": "Pediatric Microlaryngoscopy and Bronchoscopy in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Pollaers, Katherine", "Herbert, Hayley", "Vijayasekaran, Shyan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343300", "countries": ["Australia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As an aerosol-generating procedure, traditional pediatric microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy techniques must be adapted in order to reduce the risk of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. To describe a modified technique for pediatric microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy for use in the COVID-19 era and present a case series of patients for whom the technique has been used. Observational case series of pediatric patients undergoing emergency or urgent airway procedures performed at a tertiary pediatric otolaryngology department in Australia. Procedures were completed between March 23 and April 9, 2020, with a median (range) follow-up of 24.5 (11-28) days. Modified technique for microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy, minimizing aerosolization of respiratory tract secretions. The main outcome was the feasibility of technique, which was measured by ability to perform microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy with comparable success to the usual technique (ie, adequate examination of the patient for diagnostic procedures and ability to perform interventional procedures). The technique was used successfully in 8 patients (median [range] age, 160 days [27 days to 2 years 6 months]); 5 patients were male, and 3 were female. Intervention was performed on 6 patients; 2 balloon dilations for subglottic stenosis, 2 injections of hyaluronic acid for type 1 clefts, and 2 cold-steel supraglottoplasties. No adverse events occurred. In this case series, feasibility of a modified technique for pediatric microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy was demonstrated. By reconsidering the surgical approach in light of specific COVID-19 infection risks, this technique may be associated with reduced spread of aerosolized respiratory secretions perioperatively and intraoperatively, but the technique and patient outcomes require further study."}, {"pmid": 32402785, "pmcid": "PMC7200135", "title": "Neurologic Involvement in COVID-19: Radiologists' Perspective.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Khalili, Nastaran", "Haseli, Sara", "Bahrami-Motlagh, Hooman", "Keshavarz, Elham", "Khalili, Neda", "Langroudi, Taraneh Faghihi", "Khameneh, Arash", "Taheri, Morteza Sanei"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402785", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425490, "pmcid": "PMC7231732", "title": "[Emotional management of the health crisis by coronavirus: A narrative review].", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Brito-Brito, Pedro Ruyman", "Fernandez-Gutierrez, Domingo Angel", "Cuellar-Pompa, Leticia"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425490", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To make a synthesis of the available scientific evidence in the emotional management of the declared health crisis in the face of coronavirus. A bibliographic search was made, without date limit, in Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science databases using the following keywords: \"emotional management\"; \"health crisis\" and \"health crisis response\". Initially; 73 studies were identified and; after selecting them according to eligibility criteria; 10 were included. The main recommendations based on the available evidence indicate emotional management measures such as offering support groups to professionals, ensuring their social non-discrimination, strengthening their confidence and control capacity through training actions, as well as reinforcing the recognition of nurses by the community. The accumulated evidence comes from experience with previous outbreaks of SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV. Stress was the most studied aspect, concerning issues such as social stigma, professionalism, intention to care, burnout, ethical conflicts, anxiety, depression or guilt. The emotional management of health crises in the face of the coronavirus requires an individual, collective, social and institutional strategy to reinforce security on all fronts and reduce fear through effective control measures using sufficient and adequate material and human resources."}, {"pmid": 32475730, "pmcid": "PMC7253951", "title": "Recommendations on contingency operations for hospitals in response to COVID-19 cases identified in inpatients - Taiwan.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Chien, Li-Jung", "Su, Chiu-Hsia", "Wu, Hao-Hsin"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475730", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32211809, "title": "An Acute Respiratory Infection Runs Into the Most Common Noncommunicable Epidemic-COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases.", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Yang, Chengzhi", "Jin, Zening"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211809", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416408, "pmcid": "PMC7211747", "title": "As a potential treatment of COVID-19: Montelukast.", "journal": "Med Hypotheses", "authors": ["Fidan, Cihan", "Aydogdu, Ayse"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416408", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It has been hypothesized that Montelukast, a cysteinyl leukotriene (cysLT) receptor antagonist, with effects of anti-inflammatory, suppress oxidative stress and reduce affect cytokine production, may limited progression of the disease on COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32238353, "title": "David Oliver: Covid-19 will make us stop some activities for good.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Oliver, David"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238353", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32457527, "title": "Belgium - concerns about coronavirus contact-tracing apps.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Vandamme, Anne-Mieke", "Nguyen, ToTran"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32457527", "countries": ["Belgium"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437881, "pmcid": "PMC7207114", "title": "Pediatrician Attitudes Toward and Experiences With Telehealth Use: Results From a National Survey.", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Sisk, Blake", "Alexander, Joshua", "Bodnar, Chelsea", "Curfman, Alison", "Garber, Kelli", "McSwain, S David", "Perrin, James M"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437881", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The American Academy of Pediatrics 2015 policy statement on telehealth proposed that telehealth could increase access to high-quality pediatric care and that pediatricians should work to reduce barriers to telehealth for their patients. However, little is known about pediatricians' experiences with and attitudes toward telehealth. Data from a nationally representative survey of American Academy of Pediatrics postresidency US member pediatricians in 2016, restricted to respondents providing direct patient care (n\u00a0=\u00a0744; response rate\u00a0=\u00a048.7%). Survey collected information on experience with telehealth in the previous 12 months, perceived barriers to telehealth incorporation, and conditions under which nonusers would consider using telehealth. In addition to descriptive statistics, we used multivariable logistic regression to examine characteristics associated with any telehealth experience in the past 12 months. Fifteen percent of pediatricians reported any telehealth use in the 12 months prior to the survey. The most commonly reported barriers to telehealth adoption were insufficient payment and billing issues. Multivariable regression models indicated that pediatricians in rural areas, the West, and subspecialists were most likely to report telehealth use, and identifying barriers was negatively associated with telehealth use. Among nonusers, over half indicated they would consider adopting telehealth if they were paid for the visits. Telehealth is considered an important health care delivery mechanism, but only 15% of pediatricians in 2016 reported having used telehealth. Reducing barriers will be instrumental in promoting future telehealth adoption. Many barriers have been reduced during the response to COVID-19, and the impact of these policy changes will need further study."}, {"pmid": 32415690, "title": "Acute chloroquine poisoning: A comprehensive experimental toxicology assessment of the role of diazepam.", "journal": "Br J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Hughes, Dyfrig A"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415690", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Resurgence in the use of chloroquine as a putative treatment for COVID-19 has seen recent cases of fatal toxicity due to unintentional overdoses. Protocols for the management of poisoning recommend diazepam, although there are uncertainties in its pharmacology and efficacy in this context. The aim was to assess the effects of diazepam in experimental models of chloroquine cardiotoxicity. In vitro experiments involved cardiac tissues isolated from rats and incubated with chloroquine, alone, or in combination with diazepam. In vivo models of toxicity involved chloroquine administered intravenously to pentobarbitone-anaesthetised rats and rabbits. Randomised, controlled interventional studies in rats assessed diazepam, clonazepam and Ro5-4864 administered: (i) prior, (ii) during, and (iii) after chloroquine; and the effects of diazepam: (iv) at high dose, (v) in urethane-anaesthetised rats, and (vi) co-administered with adrenaline. Chloroquine decreased the developed tension of left atria, prolonged the effective refractory period of atria, ventricular tissue and right papillary muscles, and caused dose-dependent impairment of haemodynamic and electrocardiographic parameters. Cardiac arrhythmias indicated impairment of atrioventricular conduction. Studies (i), (ii) and (v) showed no differences between interventions and control. Diazepam increased heart rate in study (iv) and, as with clonazepam, also prolonged the QTc interval in study (iii). Combined administration of diazepam and adrenaline in study (vi) improved cardiac contractility but caused hypokalaemia. Neither diazepam, nor other ligands for benzodiazepine binding sites, protect against or attenuate chloroquine cardiotoxicity. However, diazepam may augment the effe cts of positive inotropes in reducing chloroquine cardiotoxicity."}, {"pmid": 32453666, "title": "Mitigating the Psychological Harm of COVID-19 Pandemic for Clinicians.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Kuehn, Bridget M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32453666", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363981, "title": "Moral Distress in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Nurs Res", "authors": ["Cacchione, Pamela Z"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363981", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352576, "pmcid": "PMC7267544", "title": "COVID-19 in pregnancy: risk of adverse neonatal outcomes.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Mehan, Aman", "Venkatesh, Ashwin", "Girish, Milind"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352576", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We read with great interest the study by Siyu Chen and colleagues. The authors evaluated the clinical features and outcomes of five pregnant patients with COVID-19 at term, whose delivery was uneventful and led to favorable perinatal outcomes for both mother and neonate. We would like to draw attention to a growing body of evidence that now points towards an under-addressed association between preterm maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection, preterm delivery and adverse neonatal outcomes, which is not reflected in Chen et al.'s small cohort. We also stress that vertical transmission, which was not tested for by Chen et al., should not be excluded as a potential mechanism for viral spread. Centers should therefore be meticulous in their approach to a SARS-CoV-2+ pregnancy to optimize clinical outcomes for both mother and child. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32071448, "title": "Coronavirus: global solutions to prevent a pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Watts, Charlotte H", "Vallance, Patrick", "Whitty, Christopher J M"], "date": "2020-02-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32071448", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364527, "pmcid": "PMC7244084", "title": "Immune environment modulation in pneumonia patients caused by coronavirus: SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Aging (Albany NY)", "authors": ["Yao, Zhixian", "Zheng, Zhong", "Wu, Ke", "Junhua, Zheng"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364527", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, we are on a global pandemic of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) which causes fever, dry cough, fatigue and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that may ultimately lead to the death of the infected. Current researches on COVID-19 continue to highlight the necessity for further understanding the virus-host synergies. In this study, we have highlighted the key cytokines induced by coronavirus infections. We have demonstrated that genes coding interleukins (Il-1\u03b1, Il-1\u03b2, Il-6, Il-10), chemokine (Ccl2, Ccl3, Ccl5, Ccl10), and interferon (Ifn-\u03b12, Ifn-\u03b21, Ifn2) upsurge significantly which in line with the elevated infiltration of T cells, NK cells and monocytes in SARS-Cov treated group at 24 hours. Also, interleukins (IL-6, IL-23\u03b1, IL-10, IL-7, IL-1\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2) and interferon (IFN-\u03b12, IFN2, IFN-\u03b3) have increased dramatically in MERS-Cov at 24 hours. A similar cytokine profile showed the cytokine storm served a critical role in the infection process. Subsequent investigation of 463 patients with COVID-19 disease revealed the decreased amount of total lymphocytes, CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T lymphocytes in the severe type patients which indicated COVID-19 can impose hard blows on human lymphocyte resulting in lethal pneumonia. Thus, taking control of changes in immune factors could be critical in the treatment of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32302537, "pmcid": "PMC7156240", "title": "Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Lee, Joyce"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302537", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394579, "pmcid": "PMC7214950", "title": "Preventing suicide in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "World Psychiatry", "authors": ["McIntyre, Roger S", "Lee, Yena"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394579", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517505, "title": "C3 polymorphisms represent an important immunological confounder on the spread and outcome of COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Dai, Xiaofeng"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517505", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485483, "pmcid": "PMC7251413", "title": "Schizophrenia and COVID-19 delirium.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Palomar-Ciria, Nora", "Blanco Del Valle, Patricia", "Hernandez-Las Heras, Miguel Angel", "Martinez-Gallardo, Ricardo"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485483", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since its outbreak, coronavirus disease 2019 has been producing atypical manifestations aside from fever, coughing and dysnea. One of the most common is delirium, which, however, is highly overlooked. This has consequences in the treatment of patients and also may lead to underdiagnosing the infection. In this work, we present the case of a man diagnosed with schizophrenia, who had been stable for more than 20 years and that presented with an atypical picture of psychotic and confusional symptoms related to COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32379953, "title": "A Glimpse into the Future.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Colucciello, Stephen Anthony"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379953", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463204, "title": "Patient visits to an emergency department in anticipation of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen", "authors": ["Bjornsen, Lars Petter", "Naess-Pleym, Lars Eide", "Dale, Jostein", "Laugsand, Lars Erik"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463204", "countries": ["Norway"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Emergency Department in Trondheim has prepared for a large influx of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. We conducted a study comparing patients in the Emergency Department in the first weeks of the pandemic in Norway (weeks 11 and 12) with the average number of patient visits. Data from patients at the Emergency Department of St Olav's Hospital in the period 6\u00a0January 2020-22 March 2020 were retrieved from the Emergency Department's database. Logistical patient data concerning patient numbers, chief complaints, length of stay in the Emergency Department, acuity level, isolation status, and treatment level were analysed. In week 12, 331\u00a0patients were referred to the Emergency Department, a reduction of 39\u00a0% compared with the average of 541\u00a0patients in weeks 2-10. There was a general reduction in all patient groups, but particularly those discharged from the Emergency Department. In week 12 there were 56\u00a0more patients isolated with suspected/potentially infectious disease (187\u00a0%) compared with the average for weeks 2-10, and these patients spent almost two hours longer in the Emergency Department than other patients. There was a reduction in patient visits to the Emergency Department in the first weeks of the pandemic. The percentage of patients isolated for infection control increased, and the time spent in the Emergency Department for these patients was greater than for other patients. The reduction in the inflow of patients is expected to be temporary, and the Emergency Department at St Olav's Hospital expects a large influx of patients with suspected COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32331980, "pmcid": "PMC7167550", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Kenya: Preparedness, response and transmissibility.", "journal": "J Microbiol Immunol Infect", "authors": ["Aluga, Martin A"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331980", "countries": ["Kenya"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world and Kenya face a potential pandemic as the respiratory virus Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) affects world populations. Nations have been forced to intervene and issue directions under executive orders to ensure the pandemic is contained. Kenya has reported 110 confirmed COVID-19 cases (as at 2nd April, 2020), three persons have succumbed and 2 people have fully recovered. Most of the affected people had entered/returned to Kenya from different parts of the world. Most of the people who have contracted COVID 19 are between the 16-74 years of age. As a result, since February 2020, Kenya put in place several precautionary measures to mitigate the pandemic in its early stages. However, the economic status of the population of country won't be simple to control COVID 19, if government won't integrate the realistic feasible timely plans. This article highlights the preparedness, response, transmissibility of Covid-19 and proposes intuitions to manage COVID-19 in Kenya. Currently it is clear that since first confirmation to current, the transmission of the COVID-19 is exponentially increasing in Kenya."}, {"pmid": 32319041, "pmcid": "PMC7173777", "title": "The Effect of COVID-19 on Youth Mental Health.", "journal": "Psychiatr Q", "authors": ["Liang, Leilei", "Ren, Hui", "Cao, Ruilin", "Hu, Yueyang", "Qin, Zeying", "Li, Chuanen", "Mei, Songli"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319041", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purposes of this study was to assess the youth mental health after the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) occurred in China two weeks later, and to investigate factors of mental health among youth groups. A cross-sectional study was conducted two weeks after the occurrence of COVID-19 in China. A total of 584 youth enrolled in this study and completed the question about cognitive status of COVID-19, the General Health Questionnaire(GHQ-12), the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) and the Negative coping styles scale. Univariate analysis and univariate logistic regression were used to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on youth mental health. The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that nearly 40.4% the sampled youth were found to be prone to psychological problems and 14.4% the sampled youth with Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Univariate logistic regression revealed that youth mental health was significantly related to being less educated (OR\u2009=\u20098.71, 95%CI:1.97-38.43), being the enterprise employee (OR\u2009=\u20092.36, 95%CI:1.09-5.09), suffering from the PTSD symptom\u00a0(OR\u2009=\u20091.05, 95%CI:1.03-1.07) and using negative coping styles\u00a0(OR\u2009=\u20091.03, 95%CI:1.00-1.07). Results of this study suggest that nearly 40.4% of the youth group had a tendency to have psychological problems. Thus, this was a remarkable evidence that infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, may have an immense influence on youth mental health. Therefor, local governments should develop effective psychological interventions for youth groups, moreover, it is important to consider the educational level and occupation of the youth during the interventions."}, {"pmid": 32427468, "pmcid": "PMC7241734", "title": "Autonomic Brain Centers and Pathophysiology of COVID-19.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Chigr, Fatiha", "Merzouki, Mohamed", "Najimi, Mohamed"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427468", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Accumulating data have now shown strong evidence that COVID-19 infection leads to the occurrence of neurological signs with different injury severity. Anosmia and agueusia are now well documented and included in the criteria list for diagnosis, and specialists have stressed that doctors screen COVID-19 patients for these two signs. The eventual brainstem dysregulation, due to the invasion of SARS CoV-2, as a cause of respiratory problems linked to COVID-19, has also been extensively discussed. All these findings lead to an implication of the central nervous system in the pathophysiology of COVID-19. Here we provide additional elements that could explain other described signs like appetite loss, vomiting, and nausea. For this, we investigated the role of brainstem structures located in the medulla oblongata involved in food intake and vomiting control. We also discussed the possible pathways the virus uses to reach the brainstem, i.e., neurotropic and hematogenous (with its two variants) routes."}, {"pmid": 32388083, "pmcid": "PMC7194841", "title": "Operative team checklist for aerosol generating procedures to minimise exposure of healthcare workers to SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol", "authors": ["Soma, Marlene", "Jacobson, Ian", "Brewer, Jessica", "Blondin, Angela", "Davidson, Gretel", "Singham, Shamani"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388083", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In many countries around the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in health services being diverted to manage patients with the condition. There are situations however that still require the undertaking of aerosol generating procedures (AGP) with potentially high exposure of healthcare workers to SARS-CoV-2 transmission through droplet, contact and possibly airborne routes. The objective of this paper is to explore a structured way for the operative team to approach AGP to reduce aerosolisation of secretions, decrease open airway time and minimise staff exposure. The authors (otolaryngologists, anaesthetists and nursing staff) created a unified operative team checklist based on collation of national and international specialty society statements, local state government recommendations, hospital policies and literature review. Simulation was undertaken and the checklist was refined after performing AGP on patients with unknown (presumed positive) COVID-19 status. An 8 step operative team checklist is provided describing details for the immediate pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative journey of the patient to encourage healthcare workers to reflect upon and modify usual practice during AGP to mitigate exposure to SARS-CoV-2. The example of paediatric laryngo-bronchoscopy for diagnostic purposes or retrieval of an inhaled airway foreign body is used to illustrate the steps however the checklist structure is modifiable for other AGP and adaptable for local needs. At a time of overwhelming and changing information and recommendations, an operative team checklist may provide some structure to healthcare workers undertaking AGP to reduce anxiety, maintain focus, prompt consideration of alternatives and potentially reduce risk."}, {"pmid": 32443899, "title": "Early Predictors of Clinical Deterioration in a Cohort of 239 Patients Hospitalized for Covid-19 Infection in Lombardy, Italy.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Cecconi, Maurizio", "Piovani, Daniele", "Brunetta, Enrico", "Aghemo, Alessio", "Greco, Massimiliano", "Ciccarelli, Michele", "Angelini, Claudio", "Voza, Antonio", "Omodei, Paolo", "Vespa, Edoardo", "Pugliese, Nicola", "Parigi, Tommaso Lorenzo", "Folci, Marco", "Danese, Silvio", "Bonovas, Stefanos"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443899", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We described features of hospitalized Covid-19 patients and identified predictors of clinical deterioration. We included patients consecutively admitted at Humanitas Research Hospital (Rozzano, Milan, Italy); retrospectively extracted demographic; clinical; laboratory and imaging findings at admission; used survival methods to identify factors associated with clinical deterioration (defined as intensive care unit (ICU) transfer or death), and developed a prognostic index. Overall; we analyzed 239 patients (29.3% females) with a mean age of 63.9 (standard deviation [SD]; 14.0) years. Clinical deterioration occurred in 70 patients (29.3%), including 41 (17.2%) ICU transfers and 36 (15.1%) deaths. The most common symptoms and signs at admission were cough (77.8%) and elevated respiratory rate (34.1%), while 66.5% of patients had at least one coexisting medical condition. Imaging frequently revealed ground-glass opacity (68.9%) and consolidation (23.8%). Age; increased respiratory rate; abnormal blood gas parameters and imaging findings; coexisting coronary heart disease; leukocytosis; lymphocytopenia; and several laboratory parameters (elevated procalcitonin; interleukin-6; serum ferritin; C-reactive protein; aspartate aminotransferase; lactate dehydrogenase; creatinine; fibrinogen; troponin-I; and D-dimer) were significant predictors of clinical deterioration. We suggested a prognostic index to assist risk-stratification (C-statistic; 0.845; 95% CI; 0.802\u20120.887). These results could aid early identification and management of patients at risk, who should therefore receive additional monitoring and aggressive supportive care."}, {"pmid": 32403025, "pmcid": "PMC7199669", "title": "Online mental health services in Indonesia during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Asian J Psychiatr", "authors": ["Ifdil, Ifdil", "Fadli, Rima Pratiwi", "Suranata, Kadek", "Zola, Nilma", "Ardi, Zadrian"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403025", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501505, "title": "Caring for Women Who Are Planning a Pregnancy, Pregnant, or Postpartum During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Rasmussen, Sonja A", "Jamieson, Denise J"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501505", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32445768, "pmcid": "PMC7237949", "title": "The Early Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Surgical Urologic Oncology Practice in Turkey: Multi-Institutional Experience From Different Geographic Areas.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Tinay, Ilker", "Ozden, Ender", "Suer, Evren", "Bozkurt, Ozan", "Izol, Volkan", "Sahin, Bahadir", "Turkeri, Levent"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445768", "countries": ["Turkey"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32370621, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic as a watershed moment: A call for systematic psychological health care for frontline medical staff.", "journal": "J Health Psychol", "authors": ["Zaka, Agustina", "Shamloo, Soraya E", "Fiorente, Pasquale", "Tafuri, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370621", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is producing a huge health care burden with millions of cases and thousands of deaths. The coronavirus' high virulence and contagiousness and the frequent sudden onset of illness is overwhelming critical care and frontline healthcare staff. Frontline professionals are exposed to unprecedented levels of intensive existential threat requiring systematic, specialized psychological intervention and support. New psychological services need to be urgently implemented to manage the mental healthcare needs of frontline medical staff working with patients with COVID-19. The COVID-19 pandemic is a watershed moment: health care systems universally require a step-change to improve our preparedness for future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32493734, "title": "New spectrum of COVID-19 manifestations in children: Kawasaki-like syndrome and hyperinflammatory response.", "journal": "Cleve Clin J Med", "authors": ["Panupattanapong, Sirada", "Brooks, Elizabeth B"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493734", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since late April 2020, data regarding Kawasaki-like syndrome and hyperinflammatory response in children associated with COVID-19 has rapidly emerged. Much remains unknown about the risk factors, pathogenesis, prognosis, and specific therapy for this emerging manifestation of COVID-19 known as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). MIS-C is rare and early recognition is crucial though no standardized treatment guideline have been established. Worldwide collaboration will be important as more cases are recognized going forward."}, {"pmid": 32428243, "title": "Acute promyelocytic leukaemia lying under the mask of COVID-19-a diagnostic and therapeutic conundrum.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Farmer, Isabel", "Okikiolu, Jumoke", "Steel, Matthew", "Wanniarachchi, Chandima", "Littlewood, Shona", "Gupta, Sunil", "Thanigaikumar, Muragaiyan", "Oram, S Helen", "Moonim, Mufaddal", "Kulasekararaj, Austin G", "Yeghen, Tullie"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428243", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342677, "title": "Severe Thrombocytopenia in a Patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Chemother", "authors": ["Nham, Eliel", "Ko, Jae Hoon", "Jeong, Byeong Ho", "Huh, Kyungmin", "Cho, Sun Young", "Kang, Cheol In", "Chung, Doo Ryeon", "Peck, Kyong Ran"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342677", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is spreading rapidly all over the world, being a major threat to public health. Since clinical feature of COVID-19 has not been fully evaluated yet, empirical antibacterial agents are frequently combined for the treatment of COVID-19 in addition to antiviral agents, concerning co-existing bacterial pathogens. We experienced a case of severe thrombocytopenia with epistaxis and petechiae, while treating a COVID-19 patient with ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, and lopinavir/ritonavir. The platelet count decreased to 2,000/mm\u00b3 and recovered after discontinuation of the three suspected drugs. In treating a potentially fatal emerging infectious disease, empirical and/or experimental approach would be unavoidable. However, the present case suggests that the possibility of adverse effects caused by polypharmacy should also be carefully considered."}, {"pmid": 32293910, "title": "The Science Underlying COVID-19: Implications for the Cardiovascular System.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Liu, Peter P", "Blet, Alice", "Smyth, David", "Li, Hongliang"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32293910", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted health and economy worldwide on an unprecedented scale. Patients have diverse clinical outcomes, but those with pre-existing cardiovascular (CV) disease, hypertension, and related conditions incur disproportionately worse outcome. The high infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is in part related to new mutations in the receptor binding domain, and acquisition of a furin cleavage site in the S spike protein. The continued viral shedding in the asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals enhances its community transmission. The virus uses the ACE2 receptor for internalization, aided by TMPRSS2 protease. The tissue localization of the receptors correlates with COVDI-19 presenting symptoms and organ dysfunction. Virus-induced ACE2 down regulation may attenuate its function, diminish its anti-inflammatory role, and heightened angiotensin II effects in the predisposed patients. Lymphopenia occurs early and is prognostic, potentially associated with reduction of the CD4+ and some CD8+ T cells. This leads to imbalance of the innate/acquired immune response, delayed viral clearance, and hyper stimulated macrophages and neutrophils. Appropriate type I interferon pathway activation is critical for virus attenuation, and balanced immune response. Persistent immune activation in predisposed patients, such as the elderly and those with CV risk, can lead to hemophagocytosis like syndrome, with uncontrolled amplification of cytokine production, leading to multi-organ failure and death. In addition to the airways and lungs, the cardiovascular system is often involved in COVID-19 early, reflected in the release of highly sensitive troponin and natriuretic peptides, which are all extremely prognostic, particularly in those showing continued rise, along with cytokines such as IL-6. Inflammation in the vascular system can result in diffuse microangiopathy with thrombosis. Inflammation in the myocardium can result in myocarditis, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome, rapid deterioration and sudden death. Aggressive support based on early prognostic indicators with expectant management can potentially improve recovery. Appropriate treatment for heart failure, arrhythmias, acute coronary syndrome and thrombosis remain important. Specific evidence based treatment strategies for COVID-19 will emerge with ongoing global collaboration on multiple approaches being evaluated. To protect the wider population, antibody testing and effective vaccine will be needed to make COVID-19 history."}, {"pmid": 32393562, "pmcid": "PMC7214001", "title": "COVID-19: Notes From the Front Line, Singapore's Primary Health Care Perspective.", "journal": "Ann Fam Med", "authors": ["Lim, Wei Han", "Wong, Wei Mon"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393562", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly progressing global pandemic against which nations are struggling for containment. Singapore is known to have promptly instituted aggressive public health and containment measures. A key pillar sustaining this is the response of its primary health care network. It is important for health care systems worldwide to recognize the value of a strong coordinated response to this crisis from a primary health perspective. There are best practices for early isolation and containment of suspect cases while protecting health care workers and limiting cross infections that are transferable across nations. We describe our framework for how our primary care clinics respond to this pandemic in the hope others may find solutions to their unique needs. Moving forward, there is a pressing need for more studies to enhance our understanding of the response of primary care during these public health crises."}, {"pmid": 32366745, "title": "Battling against the novel coronavirus: control strategies for and clinical management of the 2019 novel coronavirus infection in Shanghai, China.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "authors": ["Zhao, Jing-Ya", "Zhang, Jing", "Xu, Yan-Ping", "Yan, Jia-Yang", "Xu, Jin-Fu", "Qu, Jie-Ming"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366745", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278338, "pmcid": "PMC7262247", "title": "Exploring possible mechanisms for COVID-19 induced thrombocytopenia: Unanswered questions.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Amgalan, Ariunzaya", "Othman, Maha"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278338", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32318327, "pmcid": "PMC7169892", "title": "Potential therapeutic effects of dipyridamole in the severely ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Pharm Sin B", "authors": ["Liu, Xiaoyan", "Li, Zhe", "Liu, Shuai", "Sun, Jing", "Chen, Zhanghua", "Jiang, Min", "Zhang, Qingling", "Wei, Yinghua", "Wang, Xin", "Huang, Yi-You", "Shi, Yinyi", "Xu, Yanhui", "Xian, Huifang", "Bai, Fan", "Ou, Changxing", "Xiong, Bei", "Lew, Andrew M", "Cui, Jun", "Fang, Rongli", "Huang, Hui", "Zhao, Jincun", "Hong, Xuechuan", "Zhang, Yuxia", "Zhou, Fuling", "Luo, Hai-Bin"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32318327", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypercoagulability, hypertension, and multiorgan dysfunction. Effective antivirals with safe clinical profile are urgently needed to improve the overall prognosis. In an analysis of a randomly collected cohort of 124 patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), we found that hypercoagulability as indicated by elevated concentrations of D-dimers was associated with disease severity. By virtual screening of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug library, we identified an anticoagulation agent dipyridamole (DIP) in silico, which suppressed SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. In a proof-of-concept trial involving 31 patients with COVID-19, DIP supplementation was associated with significantly decreased concentrations of D-dimers (P<0.05), increased lymphocyte and platelet recovery in the circulation, and markedly improved clinical outcomes in comparison to the control patients. In particular, all 8 of the DIP-treated severely ill patients showed remarkable improvement: 7 patients (87.5%) achieved clinical cure and were discharged from the hospitals while the remaining 1 patient (12.5%) was in clinical remission."}, {"pmid": 32157233, "title": "Keep up with the latest coronavirus research.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Chen, Qingyu", "Allot, Alexis", "Lu, Zhiyong"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32157233", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32118646, "title": "Voice from China: nomenclature of the novel coronavirus and related diseases.", "journal": "Chin Med J (Engl)", "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32118646", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32373786, "pmcid": "PMC7194793", "title": "Cautions about radiologic diagnosis of COVID-19 infection driven by artificial intelligence.", "journal": "Lancet Digit Health", "authors": ["Laghi, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32373786", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32428071, "title": "COVID-19: the importance of new technologies for physical activity as a public health strategy.", "journal": "Cad Saude Publica", "authors": ["Souza Filho, Breno Augusto Bormann de", "Tritany, Erika Fernandes"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428071", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526460, "title": "A large number of COVID-19 interventional clinical trials were registered soon after the pandemic onset: a descriptive analysis.", "journal": "J Clin Epidemiol", "authors": ["Nasrallah, Ali A", "Farran, Sarah H", "Nasrallah, Zainab A", "Chahrour, Mohamad A", "Salhab, Hamza A", "Fares, Mohammad Y", "Khachfe, Hussein H", "Akl, Elie A"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526460", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a pressing need for evidence-based interventions to address the devastating clinical and public health effects of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The number of registered trials related to COVID-19 is increasing by the day. To describe the characteristics of the currently registered clinical trials related to COVID-19. We searched the World Health Organization (WHO)'s International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) on May 15, 2020. We included any entry that is related to COVID-19. We abstracted then descriptively analyzed the following characteristics of the registered trials: study design, status, phase, primary endpoints, experimental interventions, and geographic location among other qualifiers. We identified 1,308 eligible registered trials. The majority of trials were initially registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (n= 703; 53.7%) and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) (n= 291; 22.2%). The number of participants to be enrolled across these trials was 734,657, with a median of 110 participants per trial. The most-commonly studied intervention category was pharmacologic (n=763; 58.3%), with antiparasitic medications being the most common subcategory. While over half of trials were already recruiting, we identified published peer-reviewed results for only 8 of those trials. There is a relatively large number of registered trials but very few results published so far. While our findings suggest an appropriate initial response by the research community, the real challenge will be to get these trials completed, published, and translated into practice and policy."}, {"pmid": 32309854, "pmcid": "PMC7188178", "title": "World leaders' usage of Twitter in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: a content analysis.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Rufai, Sohaib R", "Bunce, Catey"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309854", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "It is crucial that world leaders mount effective public health measures in response to COVID-19. Twitter may represent a powerful tool to help achieve this. Here, we explore the role of Twitter as used by Group of Seven (G7) world leaders in response to COVID-19. This was a qualitative study with content analysis. Inclusion criteria were as follows: viral tweets from G7 world leaders, attracting a minimum of 500 'likes'; keywords 'COVID-19' or 'coronavirus'; search dates 17 November 2019 to 17 March 2020. We performed content analysis to categorize tweets into appropriate themes and analyzed associated Twitter data. Eight out of nine (88.9%) G7 world leaders had verified and active Twitter accounts, with a total following of 85.7 million users. Out of a total 203 viral tweets, 166 (82.8%) were classified as 'Informative', of which 48 (28.6%) had weblinks to government-based sources, while 19 (9.4%) were 'Morale-boosting' and 14 (6.9%) were 'Political'. Numbers of followers and viral tweets were not strictly related. Twitter may represent a powerful tool for world leaders to rapidly communicate public health information with citizens. We would urge general caution when using Twitter for health information, with a preference for tweets containing official government-based information sources."}, {"pmid": 32460086, "title": "B-cell depleting therapies may affect susceptibility to acute respiratory illness among patients with multiple sclerosis during the early COVID-19 epidemic in Iran.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Safavi, Farinaz", "Nourbakhsh, Bardia", "Azimi, Amir Reza"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460086", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine whether the course of COVID-19 is more severe in patients with MS and if MS disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) affect the risk of contracting the disease. In a cross-sectional survey, data were collected by sending a questionnaire to 2000 patients with a demyelinating disease through an online portal system. Collected data included the current MS DMT and patient-reported disability level, history of recent sick contact, recent fever, respiratory symptoms, diagnosis with COVID-19, and the disposition after the diagnosis. We defined a COVID-19-suspect group as patients having fever and cough or fever and shortness of breath, or a presumptive diagnosis based on suggestive chest computed tomography. We calculated the proportion of COVID-19-suspect patients and compared their demographics, clinical characteristics, and DMT categories with the rest of survey-responders, using univariable and multivariable models. Out of 712 patients, 34 (4.8%) fulfilled our criteria for being in the COVID-19-suspect group. Only two patients required hospitalization. No patient required intensive care. In a multivariable model, disease duration (p-value=0.017), DMT category (p-value=0.030), and history of sick contact (p-values<0.001) were associated with the risk of being in the COVID-19-suspect group. Being on B-cell depleting antibodies (as compared to non-cell depleting, non-cell trafficking inhibitor DMTs) was associated with a 2.6-fold increase in the risk of being in the COVID-19-suspect group. (RR: 3.55, 95%CI: 1.45, 8.68, p-value=0.005). The course of infection in patients with MS suspected of having COVID-19 was mild to moderate, and all patients had a full recovery. B-cell depleting antibodies may increase the susceptibility to contracting COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 31981224, "pmcid": "PMC7166547", "title": "Coronavirus infections and immune responses.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Geng", "Fan, Yaohua", "Lai, Yanni", "Han, Tiantian", "Li, Zonghui", "Zhou, Peiwen", "Pan, Pan", "Wang, Wenbiao", "Hu, Dingwen", "Liu, Xiaohong", "Zhang, Qiwei", "Wu, Jianguo"], "date": "2020-01-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31981224", "topics": ["Transmission", "Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses (CoVs) are by far the largest group of known positive-sense RNA viruses having an extensive range of natural hosts. In the past few decades, newly evolved Coronaviruses have posed a global threat to public health. The immune response is essential to control and eliminate CoV infections, however, maladjusted immune responses may result in immunopathology and impaired pulmonary gas exchange. Gaining a deeper understanding of the interaction between Coronaviruses and the innate immune systems of the hosts may shed light on the development and persistence of inflammation in the lungs and hopefully can reduce the risk of lung inflammation caused by CoVs. In this review, we provide an update on CoV infections and relevant diseases, particularly the host defense against CoV-induced inflammation of lung tissue, as well as the role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis and clinical treatment."}, {"pmid": 32369026, "pmcid": "PMC7238863", "title": "The Impact of Social Media on Panic During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iraqi Kurdistan: Online Questionnaire Study.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Ahmad, Araz Ramazan", "Murad, Hersh Rasool"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369026", "countries": ["Iraq"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the first few months of 2020, information and news reports about the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were rapidly published and shared on social media and social networking sites. While the field of infodemiology has studied information patterns on the Web and in social media for at least 18 years, the COVID-19 pandemic has been referred to as the first social media infodemic. However, there is limited evidence about whether and how the social media infodemic has spread panic and affected the mental health of social media users. The aim of this study is to determine how social media affects self-reported mental health and the spread of panic about COVID-19 in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. To carry out this study, an online questionnaire was prepared and conducted in Iraqi Kurdistan, and a total of 516 social media users were sampled. This study deployed a content analysis method for data analysis. Correspondingly, data were analyzed using SPSS software. Participants reported that social media has a significant impact on spreading fear and panic related to the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraqi Kurdistan, with a potential negative influence on people's mental health and psychological well-being. Facebook was the most used social media network for spreading panic about the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraq. We found a significant positive statistical correlation between self-reported social media use and the spread of panic related to COVID-19 (R=.8701). Our results showed that the majority of youths aged 18-35 years are facing psychological anxiety. During lockdown, people are using social media platforms to gain information about COVID-19. The nature of the impact of social media panic among people varies depending on an individual's gender, age, and level of education. Social media has played a key role in spreading anxiety about the COVID-19 outbreak in Iraqi Kurdistan."}, {"pmid": 32446311, "pmcid": "PMC7245505", "title": "Efficacy of Liu-zi-jue in Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (COVID-19): structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Zhang, Shuaipan", "Lv, Zhizhen", "Zhu, Qingguang", "Sun, Wuquan", "Yao, Fei", "Fang, Lei", "Cheng, Yanbin", "Wu, Zhiwei", "Fang, Min"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446311", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Efficacy of conventional treatment plus the complementary therapy Liu-zi-jue (a mind-body exercise) to treat patients with mild COVID-19. The study is a single-center 2 arm, randomized controlled trial with parallel-group design."}, {"pmid": 32325282, "pmcid": "PMC7165099", "title": "Chest CT findings of COVID-19 pneumonia by duration of symptoms.", "journal": "Eur J Radiol", "authors": ["Ding, Xun", "Xu, Jia", "Zhou, Jun", "Long, Qingyun"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325282", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate lung abnormalities on thin-section computed tomographic (CT) scans in patients with COVID-19 and correlate findings to duration of symptoms. In total, 348 CT scans in 112 patients were classified according to the time after the onset of the initial symptoms, namely stage-1 (0-4 days); stage-2 (5-9 days); stage-3 (10-14 days); stage-4 (15-21 days); stage-5 (22-28 days); and stage-6 (\uff1e28 days). Each lung lobe was evaluated for extent affected by ground-glass opacities (GGO), crazy-paving pattern and consolidation, in five categories of percentual severity. Summation of scores from all five lung lobes provided the total CT score (maximal CT score, 25). The predominant patterns of lung abnormalities were GGOs, crazy-paving pattern, consolidation and linear opacities. The frequency of crazy-paving pattern, consolidation and linear opacities peaked at stage-3 (62.7 %), stage-4 (75.0 %) and stage-5 (83.1 %), respectively, and decreased thereafter. Total CT scores increased from stage-1 to stage-2 (2.8\u2009\u00b1\u20093.1, vs. 6.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6, respectively, P\u2009<\u20090.01), and thereafter remained high. The lower lobes were more inclined to be involved with higher CT scores except for stage-1. At stage-6 98.1 % of CT scans still showed abnormalities (CT score 7.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1). Thin-section CT could provide semi-quantitative analysis of pulmonary damage severity. This disease changed rapidly at the early stage, then tended to be stable and lasted for a long time."}, {"pmid": 32341001, "title": "What the Diamond Princess taught the world about covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Baraniuk, Chris"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341001", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484425, "pmcid": "PMC7267744", "title": "Predicting COVID-19 Incidence Using Anosmia and Other COVID-19 Symptomatology: Preliminary Analysis Using Google and Twitter.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Panuganti, Bharat A", "Jafari, Aria", "MacDonald, Bridget", "DeConde, Adam S"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484425", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the relative correlations of Twitter and Google Search user trends concerning smell loss with daily coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence in the United States, compared to other severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) symptoms. To describe the effect of mass media communications on Twitter and Google Search user trends. Retrospective observational study. United States. Google Search and \"tweet\" frequency concerning COVID-19, smell, and nonsmell symptoms of COVID-19 generated between January 1 and April 8, 2020, were collected using Google Trends and Crimson Hexagon, respectively. Spearman coefficients linking each of these user trends to COVID-19 incidence were compared. Correlations obtained after excluding a short timeframe (March 22 to March 24) corresponding to the publication of a widely read lay media publication reporting anosmia as a symptom of infection was performed for comparative analysis. Google searches and tweets concerning all nonsmell symptoms (0.744 and 0.761, respectively) and COVID-19 (0.899 and 0.848) are more strongly correlated with disease incidence than smell loss (0.564 and 0.539). Twitter users tweeting about smell loss during the study period were more likely to be female (52%) than users tweeting about COVID-19 more generally (47%). Tweet and Google Search frequency pertaining to smell loss increased significantly (>2.5 standard deviations) following a widely read media publication linking smell loss and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Google Search and tweet frequency regarding fever and shortness of breath are more robust indicators of COVID-19 incidence than anosmia. Mass media communications represent important confounders that should be considered in future analyses."}, {"pmid": 32452355, "title": "COVID-19: the new challenge for rheumatologists. First update.", "journal": "Clin Exp Rheumatol", "authors": ["Ferro, Francesco", "Elefante, Elena", "Puxeddu, Ilaria", "Baldini, Chiara", "Bartoloni, Elena", "Barate, Claudia", "Galimberti, Sara", "Talarico, Rosaria", "Mosca, Marta", "Bombardieri, Stefano"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452355", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251408, "title": "A Word from OLAW: COVID-19 guidance.", "journal": "Lab Anim (NY)", "authors": ["Brown, Patricia"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251408", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32187459, "title": "Facing Covid-19 in Italy - Ethics, Logistics, and Therapeutics on the Epidemic's Front Line.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Rosenbaum, Lisa"], "date": "2020-03-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32187459", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32470516, "pmcid": "PMC7250561", "title": "Declines in Hospitalizations for Acute Cardiovascular Conditions During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multicenter Tertiary Care Experience.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Bhatt, Ankeet S", "Moscone, Alea", "McElrath, Erin E", "Varshney, Anubodh S", "Claggett, Brian L", "Bhatt, Deepak L", "Januzzi, James L", "Butler, Javed", "Adler, Dale S", "Solomon, Scott D", "Vaduganathan, Muthiah"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470516", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While patients with cardiovascular disease face excess risks of severe illness with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), there may be indirect consequences of the pandemic on this high-risk patient segment. To examine longitudinal trends in hospitalizations for acute cardiovascular conditions across a tertiary care healthcare system. We tracked acute cardiovascular hospitalizations between January 1st, 2019 and March 31st, 2020. We estimated daily hospitalization rates using negative binomial models. Temporal trends in hospitalization rates were compared across the first 3 months of 2020, with the first 3 months of 2019 as a reference. From January 1, 2019 to March 31, 2020, 6,083 patients experienced 7,187 hospitalizations for primary acute cardiovascular reasons. There was 43.4% (27.4% to 56.0%) fewer estimated daily hospitalizations in March 2020 as compared with March 2019 (P<0.001). The daily rate of hospitalizations did not change throughout 2019 (-0.01% per day [-0.04% to +0.02%], P=0.50), January 2020 (-0.5% per day [-1.6% to +0.5%], P=0.31), or February 2020 (+0.7% per day [-0.6% to +2.0%], P=0.27). There was significant daily decline in hospitalizations in March 2020 (-5.9% per day [-7.6% to -4.3%], P<0.001). Length of stay was shorter (4.8 [2.4,8.3] days vs. 6.0 [3.1,9.6] days; P=0.003) and in-hospital mortality was not significantly different (6.2% vs. 4.4%; P=0.30) in March 2020 compared with March 2019. During the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a marked decline in acute cardiovascular hospitalizations and patients who were admitted had shorter lengths of stay. These data substantiate concerns that acute care of cardiovascular conditions may be delayed, deferred, or abbreviated during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32223077, "pmcid": "PMC7228251", "title": "Neuroinfection may contribute to pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Physiol (Oxf)", "authors": ["Steardo, Luca", "Steardo, Luca Jr", "Zorec, Robert", "Verkhratsky, Alexei"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32223077", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32251626, "pmcid": "PMC7270508", "title": "Impact of school closures for COVID-19 on the US health-care workforce and net mortality: a modelling study.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Bayham, Jude", "Fenichel, Eli P"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251626", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is leading to social (physical) distancing policies worldwide, including in the USA. Some of the first actions taken by governments are the closing of schools. The evidence that mandatory school closures reduce the number of cases and, ultimately, mortality comes from experience with influenza or from models that do not include the effect of school closure on the health-care labour force. The potential benefits from school closures need to be weighed against costs of health-care worker absenteeism associated with additional child-care obligations. In this study, we aimed to measure child-care obligations for US health-care workers arising from school closures when these are used as a social distancing measure. We then assessed how important the contribution of health-care workers would have to be in reducing mortality for their absenteeism due to child-care obligations to undo the benefits of school closures in reducing the number of cases. For this modelling analysis, we used data from the monthly releases of the US Current Population Survey to characterise the family structure and probable within-household child-care options of US health-care workers. We accounted for the occupation within the health-care sector, state, and household structure to identify the segments of the health-care workforce that are most exposed to child-care obligations from school closures. We used these estimates to identify the critical level at which the importance of health-care labour supply in increasing the survival probability of a patient with COVID-19 would undo the benefits of school closures and ultimately increase cumulative mortality. Between January, 2018, and January, 2020, the US Current Population Survey included information on more than 3\u00b71 million individuals across 1\u00b73 million households. We found that the US health-care sector has some of the highest child-care obligations in the USA, with 28\u00b78% (95% CI 28\u00b75-29\u00b71) of the health-care workforce needing to provide care for children aged 3-12 years. Assuming non-working adults or a sibling aged 13 years or older can provide child care, 15\u00b70% (14\u00b78-15\u00b72) of the health-care workforce would still be in need of child care during a school closure. We observed substantial variation within the health-care system. We estimated that, combined with reasonable parameters for COVID-19 such as a 15\u00b70% case reduction from school closings and 2\u00b70% baseline mortality rate, a 15\u00b70% decrease in the health-care labour force would need to decrease the survival probability per percent health-care worker lost by 17\u00b76% for a school closure to increase cumulative mortality. Our model estimates that if the infection mortality rate of COVID-19 increases from 2\u00b700% to 2\u00b735% when the health-care workforce declines by 15\u00b70%, school closures could lead to a greater number of deaths than they prevent. School closures come with many trade-offs, and can create unintended child-care obligations. Our results suggest that the potential contagion prevention from school closures needs to be carefully weighted with the potential loss of health-care workers from the standpoint of reducing cumulative mortality due to COVID-19, in the absence of mitigating measures. None."}, {"pmid": 32473931, "pmcid": "PMC7250778", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on individuals living with serious mental illness.", "journal": "Schizophr Res", "authors": ["Hamada, Kareem", "Fan, Xiaoduo"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473931", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369669, "title": "A Neuroendocrine Tumor Specialty Center in New Orleans' (NOLANETS) Response to Patient Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Ramirez, Robert A", "Bren-Mattison, Yvette", "Thiagarajan, Ramcharan", "Boudreaux, J Philip", "Marsala, Andrew J", "Ryan, Pamela", "Maluccio, Mary A"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369669", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32382873, "pmcid": "PMC7203261", "title": "Covid-19 and drug therapy, what we learned.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pharm", "authors": ["Provenzani, Alessio", "Polidori, Piera"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382873", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, the disease associated in December 2019 with the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, was observed for the first time in China and then spread worldwide becoming pandemic. Currently, there is still no licensed specific antiviral treatment for the human coronavirus disease and a vaccine will not be ready soon. However, based on experience from the use of other antiviral agents to treat similar virusses, some treatment options have been tried with some efficacy. Clinical trials for future therapies are still ongoing. In the meantime, prevention, control, active communication and investment in research are the only ways to overcome this challenge."}, {"pmid": 32345579, "pmcid": "PMC7222577", "title": "Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes.", "journal": "BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care", "authors": ["Yan, Yongli", "Yang, Yan", "Wang, Fen", "Ren, Huihui", "Zhang, Shujun", "Shi, Xiaoli", "Yu, Xuefeng", "Dong, Kun"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345579", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study explores the clinical characteristics of patients with diabetes with severe covid-19, and the association of diabetes with survival duration in patients with severe covid-19. In this single-center, retrospective, observational study, the clinical and laboratory characteristics of 193 patients with severe covid-19 were collected. 48 patients with severe covid-19 had diabetes, and 145 patients (ie, the controls) did not have diabetes. A severe case was defined as including at least one of the following criteria: (1) Respiratory rate >30/min. (2) Oxygen saturation \u226493%. (3) PaO2/FiO2\u2264300\u2009mm Hg. (4) Patients, either with shock or respiratory failure, requiring mechanical ventilation, or combined with other organ failure, requiring admission to intensive care unit (ICU). Of 193 patients with severe covid-19, 48 (24.9%) had diabetes. Compared with patients with severe covid-19 without diabetes, patients with diabetes were older, susceptible to receiving mechanical ventilation and admission to ICU, and had higher mortality. In addition, patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes had higher levels of leukocyte count, neutrophil count, high-sensitivity C reaction protein, procalcitonin, ferritin, interleukin (IL) 2 receptor, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor \u03b1, D-dimer, fibrinogen, lactic dehydrogenase and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Among patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes, more non-survivors were men (30 (76.9%) vs 9 (23.1%)). Non-survivors had severe inflammatory response, and cardiac, hepatic, renal and coagulation impairment. Finally, the Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed a trend towards poorer survival in patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes than patients without diabetes. The HR was 1.53 (95% CI 1.02 to 2.30; p=0.041) after adjustment for age, sex, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cerebrovascular disease by Cox regression. The median survival durations from hospital admission in patients with severe covid-19 with and without diabetes were 10 days and 18 days, respectively. The mortality rate in patients with severe covid-19 with diabetes is considerable. Diabetes may lead to an increase in the risk of death."}, {"pmid": 32505712, "title": "The Fire This Time: The Stress of Racism, Inflammation and COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Ajilore, Olusola", "Thames, April D"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505712", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409832, "pmcid": "PMC7239253", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 pandemic : Time to revive the cyclophilin inhibitor alisporivir.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409832", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "December 2019 saw the emergence of a new epidemic of pneumonia of varying severity, called COVID-19, caused by a newly identified coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. No therapeutic option is available to treat this infection that has already killed more than 235,000 people worldwide. This Viewpoint summarizes the strong scientific arguments supporting the use of alisporivir, a non-immunosuppressive analogue of cyclosporine A with potent cyclophilin inhibition properties that has reached Phase 3 clinical development, for the treatment of COVID-19. They include the strong cyclophilin dependency of the lifecycle of many coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and preclinical data showing strong antiviral and cytoprotective properties of alisporivir in various models of coronavirus infection, including SARS-CoV-2. Alisporivir should be tested without delay on both virological and clinical endpoints in patients with or at-risk of severe forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32250468, "title": "Movement Disorders in the World of COVID-19.", "journal": "Mov Disord", "authors": ["Stoessl, A Jon", "Bhatia, Kailash P", "Merello, Marcello"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250468", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32160114, "title": "The pandemic of coronavirus: tackling the latest plague.", "journal": "J R Soc Med", "authors": ["Ashton, John"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160114", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32061333, "pmcid": "PMC7128440", "title": "Protecting health-care workers from subclinical coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Chang, De", "Xu, Huiwen", "Rebaza, Andre", "Sharma, Lokesh", "Dela Cruz, Charles S"], "date": "2020-02-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32061333", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32359205, "pmcid": "PMC7267496", "title": "2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Taxonera, Carlos", "Sagastagoitia, Inigo", "Alba, Cristina", "Manas, Norberto", "Olivares, David", "Rey, Enrique"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359205", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data on patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) who have had 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) are needed. To report the clinical characteristics, including gastrointestinal symptoms, of COVID-19 in IBD patients, and to assess the risk of COVID-19 in IBD. This case series included consecutive IBD patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. Age-adjusted cumulative incidences were compared with the general population in the Madrid region. Through April 8, 12 of 1918 IBD patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. The average age was 52\u00a0years, 75% of the patients were female and 58.3% had Crohn's disease. Seven patients (58%) were on maintenance treatment with immunomodulators/biologics, of these four with combined therapy (33%). Eight patients (66%) required hospitalisation (one intensive care unit admission, and two deaths), and four patients were isolated at home. Nine patients had diarrhoea ranging between 4 and 10 loose stools per day (mean 5.4, SD 1.6). In five patients (42%) diarrhoea was a presenting symptom. In two patients, diarrhoea was the only symptom at debut. Cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was 6.2 per 1000 IBD patients. IBD patients had a lower adjusted incidence ratio of COVID-19 (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.70-0.77; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001), and a similar associated mortality ratio (OR 0.95, 95% CI: 0.84-1.06; P\u00a0=\u00a00.36), compared with the general population. IBD patients do not have an increased risk of COVID-19 and associated mortality compared with the general population. In many IBD patients, diarrhoea was a presenting symptom, and sometimes, was the only symptom at onset of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32450097, "pmcid": "PMC7243770", "title": "Prescription Restrictions on Hydroxychloroquine Among the Largest Florida Pharmacy Chains During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Hadeler, Edward", "Bray, Fleta"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450097", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32414939, "title": "Covid-19: Trump fumes as adviser speaks out against lifting of US lockdowns.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414939", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418439, "title": "ACMQ Student, Resident, and Fellow Section (SRF) COVID-19 Resident and Fellow Survey.", "journal": "Am J Med Qual", "authors": ["Jin, Michael", "Jackson, Christopher", "AlAbdulKader, Assim M", "Hummel, Kevin", "Kott, Jeffrey", "Nguyen, Oliver", "Rostami, Sohayla", "Kim, Sun Young"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418439", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493712, "title": "The right to know: ethical implications of antibody testing for healthcare workers and overlooked societal implications.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Vakharia, Kunal"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493712", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "After the initial surge in cases of coronavirus (COVID-19), the outbreak has been managed differently in different countries. In the USA, it has been managed in many different ways between states, cities and even counties. This disparity is slowly becoming more and more pronounced with the advent of antibody testing. Although many argue over the potential merits of antibody testing as an immunity passport to allow the economy to restart, there are other implications that stand at the heart of the bioethical debate that are often overlooked. Particularly with COVID-19, there are many uncertainties and the discourse alone of antibodies presumes misinformation that may outweigh the epidemiological benefits of antibody testing. Although this paper does not seek to eliminate antibody testing, it does highlight the need for appropriate counselling both on a personal level with each patient but on a more global level. This moral standard of appropriate education is key to allowing the continued autonomy needed during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32415678, "title": "Early clinical response to a high consequence infectious disease outbreak: insights from COVID-19.", "journal": "Med J Aust", "authors": ["Rojek, Amanda M", "Dutch, Martin", "Camilleri, David", "Gardiner, Emma", "Smith, Emma", "Marshall, Caroline", "Buising, Kirsty L", "Walsham, Nicola", "Putland, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415678", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32280447, "pmcid": "PMC7135849", "title": "The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the provision of surgical care.", "journal": "J Surg Case Rep", "authors": ["Hussain, Khalid", "Dewan, Varun", "Ali, Tariq", "Al Shakarchi, Julien"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32280447", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32490972, "title": "COVID-19 and the eye: how much do we really know? A best evidence review.", "journal": "Arq Bras Oftalmol", "authors": ["Emparan, Juan Pablo Olivares-de", "Sardi-Correa, Carolina", "Lopez-Ulloa, Juan Alberto", "Viteri-Soria, Jaime", "Penniecook, Jason A", "Jimenez-Roman, Jesus", "Lansingh, Van C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32490972", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To identify and classify available information regarding COVID-19 and eye care according to the level of evidence, within four main topics of interest: evidence of the virus in tears and the ocular surface, infection via the conjunctival route, ocular manifestations, and best practice recommendations. A structured review was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, LILACS, SciELO, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar on COVID-19 and ophthalmology. The Oxford Centre for Evidence Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence worksheet was used for quality assessments. 1018 items were identified in the search; 26 records were included in the qualitative synthesis, which encompassed 6 literature reviews, 10 case series or cross-sectional studies, 4 case reports, and 6 intervention descriptions. Seventeen out of 26 records (65%) were categorized as level 5 within the Oxford CBME methodology grading system, the rest were level 4. The evidence generated on COVID-19 and ophthalmology to date is limited, although this is understandable given the circumstances. Both the possible presence of viral particles in tears and conjunctiva, and the potential for conjunctival transmission remain controversial. Ocular manifestations are not frequent and could resemble viral infection of the ocular surface. Most recommendations are based on the strategies implemented by Asian countries during previous coronavirus outbreaks. There is a need for substantive studies evaluating these strategies in the setting of SARS-CoV-2. In the meantime, plans for applying these measures must be implemented with caution, taking into account the context of each individual country, and undergo regular evaluation."}, {"pmid": 32464114, "pmcid": "PMC7247795", "title": "Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris' response to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet", "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464114", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209552, "title": "Helen Salisbury: Coronavirus diaries.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Salisbury, Helen"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209552", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320064, "pmcid": "PMC7264661", "title": "Evaluation of the auxiliary diagnostic value of antibody assays for the detection of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Yong, Gao", "Yi, Yuan", "Tuantuan, Li", "Xiaowu, Wang", "Xiuyong, Li", "Ang, Li", "Mingfeng, Han"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320064", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of SARS-CoV-2 has taken on pandemic proportions, affecting over 100 countries in a matter of weeks. The goal of this study was to assess the diagnostic values of different methods of detecting and estimating the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the auxiliary diagnostic potential of antibody assays. By retrospectively analyzing the data of viral RNAs and serum IgM-IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from 38 cases with confirmed COVID-19 in the Second People's Hospital of Fuyang, we found that, in the early phase of the illness, the viral RNA was most abundant in the sputum specimens, followed by that in the throat swabs, while the antibody assays identified fewer positive cases at this stage. However, the sensitivity of the antibody assays overtook that of RNA test from eighth day of disease onset. Simultaneous use of antibody assay and RT-qPCR improved the sensitivity of the diagnoses. Moreover, we found that most of these cases with no detectable viral RNA load during the early stages were able to be seropositive after 7 days. Our findings indicate that the antibody detection could be used as an effective supplementary indicator of SARS-CoV-2 infection in suspected cases with no detectable viral RNA, and in conjunction with nucleic acid detection in confirming the infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32323399, "pmcid": "PMC7235483", "title": "Management of advanced melanoma in the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Conforti, Claudio", "Giuffrida, Roberta", "Di Meo, Nicola", "Zalaudek, Iris"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323399", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493739, "title": "Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children during the covid-19 pandemic in Paris, France: prospective observational study.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Toubiana, Julie", "Poirault, Clement", "Corsia, Alice", "Bajolle, Fanny", "Fourgeaud, Jacques", "Angoulvant, Francois", "Debray, Agathe", "Basmaci, Romain", "Salvador, Elodie", "Biscardi, Sandra", "Frange, Pierre", "Chalumeau, Martin", "Casanova, Jean-Laurent", "Cohen, Jeremie F", "Allali, Slimane"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493739", "countries": ["Japan", "France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the characteristics of children and adolescents affected by an outbreak of Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome and to evaluate a potential temporal association with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Prospective observational study. General paediatric department of a university hospital in Paris, France. 21 children and adolescents (aged \u226418 years) with features of Kawasaki disease who were admitted to hospital between 27 April and 11 May 2020 and followed up until discharge by 15 May 2020. The primary outcomes were clinical and biological data, imaging and echocardiographic findings, treatment, and outcomes. Nasopharyngeal swabs were prospectively tested for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and blood samples were tested for IgG antibodies to the virus. 21 children and adolescents (median age 7.9 (range 3.7-16.6) years) were admitted with features of Kawasaki disease over a 15 day period, with 12 (57%) of African ancestry. 12 (57%) presented with Kawasaki disease shock syndrome and 16 (76%) with myocarditis. 17 (81%) required intensive care support. All 21 patients had noticeable gastrointestinal symptoms during the early stage of illness and high levels of inflammatory markers. 19 (90%) had evidence of recent SARS-CoV-2 infection (positive RT-PCR result in 8/21, positive IgG antibody detection in 19/21). All 21 patients received intravenous immunoglobulin and 10 (48%) also received corticosteroids. The clinical outcome was favourable in all patients. Moderate coronary artery dilations were detected in 5 (24%) of the patients during hospital stay. By 15 May 2020, after 8 (5-17) days of hospital stay, all patients were discharged home. The ongoing outbreak of Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome among children and adolescents in the Paris area might be related to SARS-CoV-2. In this study an unusually high proportion of the affected children and adolescents had gastrointestinal symptoms, Kawasaki disease shock syndrome, and were of African ancestry."}, {"pmid": 32521210, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 public health interventions on influenza incidence in Thailand.", "journal": "Pathog Glob Health", "authors": ["Suntronwong, Nungruthai", "Thongpan, Ilada", "Chuchaona, Watchaporn", "Budi Lestari, Fajar", "Vichaiwattana, Preeyaporn", "Yorsaeng, Ritthideach", "Pasittungkul, Sirapat", "Kitphati, Rungrueng", "Vongpunsawad, Sompong", "Poovorawan, Yong"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521210", "countries": ["Thailand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325426, "pmcid": "PMC7202309", "title": "Conversations and Medical News Frames on Twitter: Infodemiological Study on COVID-19 in South Korea.", "journal": "J Med Internet Res", "authors": ["Park, Han Woo", "Park, Sejung", "Chong, Miyoung"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325426", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of", "China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2) was spreading rapidly in South Korea at the end of February 2020 following its initial outbreak in China, making Korea the new center of global attention. The role of social media amid the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has often been criticized, but little systematic research has been conducted on this issue. Social media functions as a convenient source of information in pandemic situations. Few infodemiology studies have applied network analysis in conjunction with content analysis. This study investigates information transmission networks and news-sharing behaviors regarding COVID-19 on Twitter in Korea. The real time aggregation of social media data can serve as a starting point for designing strategic messages for health campaigns and establishing an effective communication system during this outbreak. Korean COVID-19-related Twitter data were collected on February 29, 2020. Our final sample comprised of 43,832 users and 78,233 relationships on Twitter. We generated four networks in terms of key issues regarding COVID-19 in Korea. This study comparatively investigates how COVID-19-related issues have circulated on Twitter through network analysis. Next, we classified top news channels shared via tweets. Lastly, we conducted a content analysis of news frames used in the top-shared sources. The network analysis suggests that the spread of information was faster in the Coronavirus network than in the other networks (Corona19, Shincheon, and Daegu). People who used the word \"Coronavirus\" communicated more frequently with each other. The spread of information was faster, and the diameter value was lower than for those who used other terms. Many of the news items highlighted the positive roles being played by individuals and groups, directing readers' attention to the crisis. Ethical issues such as deviant behavior among the population and an entertainment frame highlighting celebrity donations also emerged often. There was a significant difference in the use of nonportal (n=14) and portal news (n=26) sites between the four network types. The news frames used in the top sources were similar across the networks (P=.89, 95% CI 0.004-0.006). Tweets containing medically framed news articles (mean 7.571, SD 1.988) were found to be more popular than tweets that included news articles adopting nonmedical frames (mean 5.060, SD 2.904; N=40, P=.03, 95% CI 0.169-4.852). Most of the popular news on Twitter had nonmedical frames. Nevertheless, the spillover effect of the news articles that delivered medical information about COVID-19 was greater than that of news with nonmedical frames. Social media network analytics cannot replace the work of public health officials; however, monitoring public conversations and media news that propagates rapidly can assist public health professionals in their complex and fast-paced decision-making processes."}, {"pmid": 32275869, "pmcid": "PMC7141549", "title": "Making decisions to mitigate COVID-19 with limited knowledge.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Weituo", "Qian, Bi-Yun"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275869", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32224344, "pmcid": "PMC7139244", "title": "Screening for Chinese medical staff mental health by SDS and SAS during the outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Psychosom Res", "authors": ["Liang, Yingjian", "Chen, Meizhu", "Zheng, Xiaobin", "Liu, Jing"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32224344", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32273267, "title": "Face masks for the public during the covid-19 crisis.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Greenhalgh, Trisha", "Schmid, Manuel B", "Czypionka, Thomas", "Bassler, Dirk", "Gruer, Laurence"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273267", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415961, "pmcid": "PMC7239213", "title": "Navigating the emotional turmoil of the COVID-19 pandemic as a new leader.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Champagne, Jennifer"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415961", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time."}, {"pmid": 32462467, "pmcid": "PMC7250736", "title": "Covid-19 and Kawasaki Disease: A Glimpse at the Past for a Predictable Future.", "journal": "Pediatr Cardiol", "authors": ["Calabri, Giovanni Battista", "Formigari, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462467", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335508, "pmcid": "PMC7169888", "title": "One Aspect of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Outbreak in Iran: High Anxiety among MS Patients.", "journal": "Mult Scler Relat Disord", "authors": ["Naser Moghadasi, Abdorreza"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335508", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32396542, "pmcid": "PMC7217458", "title": "Time-to-Death approach in revealing Chronicity and Severity of COVID-19 across the World.", "journal": "PLoS One", "authors": ["Verma, Vivek", "Vishwakarma, Ramesh K", "Verma, Anita", "Nath, Dilip C", "Khan, Hafiz T A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396542", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Germany", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19), which started from Wuhan, China, in late 2019, have spread worldwide. A total of 5,91,971 cases and 2,70,90 deaths were registered till 28th March, 2020. We aimed to predict the impact of duration of exposure to COVID-19 on the mortality rates increment. In the present study, data on COVID-19 infected top seven countries viz., Germany, China, France, United Kingdom, Iran, Italy and Spain, and World as a whole, were used for modeling. The analytical procedure of generalized linear model followed by Gompertz link function was used to predict the impact lethal duration of exposure on the mortality rates. Of the selected countries and World as whole, the projection based on 21st March, 2020 cases, suggest that a total (95% Cl) of 76 (65-151) days of exposure in Germany, mortality rate will increase by 5 times to 1%. In countries like France and United Kingdom, our projection suggests that additional exposure of 48 days and 7 days, respectively, will raise the mortality rates to10%. Regarding Iran, Italy and Spain, mortality rate will rise to 10% with an additional 3-10 days of exposure. World's mortality rates will continue increase by 1% in every three weeks. The predicted interval of lethal duration corresponding to each country has found to be consistent with the mortality rates observed on 28th March, 2020. The prediction of lethal duration was found to have apparently effective in predicting mortality, and shows concordance with prevailing rates. In absence of any vaccine against COVID-19 infection, the present study adds information about the quantum of the severity and time elapsed to death will help the Government to take necessary and appropriate steps to control this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32354693, "pmcid": "PMC7180372", "title": "COVID-19, head and neck cancer, and the need of training of health students and practitioners regarding to tobacco control and patient counseling.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Leonel, Augusto Cesar Leal da Silva", "Martelli-Junior, Hercilio", "Bonan, Paulo Rogerio Ferreti", "Kowalski, Luiz Paulo", "da Cruz Perez, Danyel Elias"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354693", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32493828, "title": "Prevalence, risk factors and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with a history of pancreatitis in Northern California.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Gubatan, John", "Levitte, Steven", "Patel, Akshar", "Balabanis, Tatiana", "Sharma, Arpita", "Jones, Elaina", "Lee, Bomi", "Manohar, Murli", "Swaminathan, Gayathri", "Park, Walter", "Habtezion, Aida"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493828", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462412, "pmcid": "PMC7253233", "title": "Acute Symptomatic Seizures in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: Is There an Association?", "journal": "Neurocrit Care", "authors": ["Hepburn, Madihah", "Mullaguri, Naresh", "George, Pravin", "Hantus, Stephen", "Punia, Vineet", "Bhimraj, Adarsh", "Newey, Christopher R"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462412", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) emerged as a global pandemic. Historically, the group of human coronaviruses can also affect the central nervous system leading to neurological symptoms; however, the causative mechanisms of the neurological manifestations of COVID-19 disease are not well known. Seizures have not been directly reported as a part of COVID-19 outside of patients with previously known brain injury or epilepsy. We report two cases of acute symptomatic seizures, in non-epileptic patients, associated with severe COVID-19 disease. Two advanced-age, non-epileptic, male patients presented to our northeast Ohio-based health system with concern for infection in Mid-March 2020. Both had a history of lung disease and during their hospitalization tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. They developed acute encephalopathy days into their hospitalization with clinical and electrographic seizures. Resolution of seizures was achieved with levetiracetam. Patients with COVID-19 disease are at an elevated risk for seizures, and the mechanism of these seizures is likely multifactorial. Clinical (motor) seizures may not be readily detected in this population due to the expansive utilization of sedatives and paralytics for respiratory optimization strategies. Many of these patients are also not electrographically monitored for seizures due to limited resources, multifactorial risk for acute encephalopathy, and the risk of cross-contamination. Previously, several neurological symptoms were seen in patients with more advanced COVID-19 disease, and these were thought to be secondary to multi-system organ failure and/or disseminated intravascular coagulopathy-related brain injury. However, these patients may also have an advanced breakdown of the blood-brain barrier precipitated by pro-inflammatory cytokine reactions. The neurotropic effect and neuroinvasiveness of\u00a0SARS-Coronavirus-2 have not been directly established. Acute symptomatic seizures are possible in patients with COVID-19 disease. These seizures are likely multifactorial in origin, including cortical irritation due to blood-brain barrier breakdown, precipitated by the cytokine reaction as a part of the viral infection. Patients with clinical signs of seizures or otherwise unexplained encephalopathy may benefit from electroencephalography monitoring and/or empiric anti-epileptic therapy. Further studies are needed to elucidate the risk of seizures and benefit of monitoring in this population."}, {"pmid": 32282993, "title": "DOACs and 'newer' haemophilia therapies in COVID-19.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Thachil, Jecko", "Tang, Ning", "Gando, Satoshi", "Falanga, Anna", "Cattaneo, Marco", "Levi, Marcel", "Clark, Cary", "Iba, Toshiaki"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282993", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We would like to thank the authors for their insightful thoughts on the consideration of anticoagulants and treatment for haemophilia A and B during the COVID-19 pandemic. They highlight some important practical points which certainly should be adopted by the thrombosis and haemostasis community in the current situation of restricted mobility, which reduces the possibility for patients to access general practitioners and hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32354293, "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and pregnancy: a systematic review.", "journal": "J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med", "authors": ["Yang, Ziyi", "Wang, Min", "Zhu, Ziyu", "Liu, Yi"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354293", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To summarize currently available evidence on maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes of pregnant women infected with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).Material and methods: PubMed, Google Scholar, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, and CBMdisc were searched for studies reporting maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes of women infected with COVID-19 published from 1 January 2020 to 26 March 2020. The protocol was registered with the Open Science Framework (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/34ZAV).Results: In total, 18 studies comprising 114 pregnant women were included in the review. Fever (87.5%) and cough (53.8%) were the most commonly reported symptoms, followed by fatigue (22.5%), diarrhea (8.8%), dyspnea (11.3%), sore throat (7.5%), and myalgia (16.3%). The majority of patients (91%) had cesarean delivery due to various indications. In terms of fetal and neonatal outcomes, stillbirth (1.2%), neonatal death (1.2%), preterm birth (21.3%), low birth weight (<2500\u2009g, 5.3%), fetal distress (10.7%), and neonatal asphyxia (1.2%) were reported. There are reports of neonatal infection, but no direct evidence of intrauterine vertical transmission has been found.Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 are similar to those of non-pregnant adults. Fetal and neonatal outcomes appear good in most cases, but available data only include pregnant women infected in their third trimesters. Further studies are needed to ascertain long-term outcomes and potential intrauterine vertical transmission."}, {"pmid": 32456689, "pmcid": "PMC7250661", "title": "Evaluation of the potential incidence of COVID-19 and effectiveness of containment measures in Spain: a data-driven approach.", "journal": "BMC Med", "authors": ["Aleta, Alberto", "Moreno, Yamir"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456689", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We are currently experiencing an unprecedented challenge, managing and containing an outbreak of a new coronavirus disease known as COVID-19. While China-where the outbreak started-seems to have been able to contain the growth of the epidemic, different outbreaks are nowadays present in multiple countries. Nonetheless, authorities have taken action and implemented containment measures, even if not everything is known. To facilitate this task, we have studied the effect of different containment strategies that can be put into effect. Our work referred initially to the situation in Spain as of February 28, 2020, where a few dozens of cases had been detected, but has been updated to match the current situation as of 13 April. We implemented an SEIR metapopulation model that allows tracing explicitly the spatial spread of the disease through data-driven stochastic simulations. Our results are in line with the most recent recommendations from the World Health Organization, namely, that the best strategy is the early detection and isolation of individuals with symptoms, followed by interventions and public recommendations aimed at reducing the transmissibility of the disease, which, although might not be sufficient for disease eradication, would produce as a second order effect a delay of several days in the raise of the number of infected cases. Many quantitative aspects of the natural history of the disease are still unknown, such as the amount of possible asymptomatic spreading or the role of age in both the susceptibility and mortality of the disease. However, preparedness plans and mitigation interventions should be ready for quick and efficacious deployment globally. The scenarios evaluated here through data-driven simulations indicate that measures aimed at reducing individuals' flow are much less effective than others intended for early case identification and isolation. Therefore, resources should be directed towards detecting as many and as fast as possible the new cases and isolate them."}, {"pmid": 32301630, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 From the Trenches: A Perspective From New York City.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Gozansky, Elliott K", "Moore, William H"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301630", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. The response to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is evolving in New York City. We would like to share our experiences, thoughts, and perspectives on coping with the pandemic. CONCLUSION. This article presents experiences that are meant to help foster discussion as the wave of COVID-19 continues. Thoughtful leadership and careful continuous communication will help us minimize anxiety and frustration during this difficult time."}, {"pmid": 32395933, "title": "COVID-19, a graphic account.", "journal": "Emergencias", "authors": ["Simon Abadia, Carlos"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395933", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487445, "pmcid": "PMC7151367", "title": "Bilateral viral pneumonia by COVID-19 as a chance finding in staging with (18)F-FGD-PET/CT of patient with right calf melanoma.", "journal": "Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol", "authors": ["Gomez-Caminero-Lopez, F", "Garcia-Talavera-San-Miguel, P", "Lucas Velazquez, B", "Garcia Arroyo, J", "Diaz Gonzalez, L G", "Gomez Grande, A"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487445", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360980, "pmcid": "PMC7191292", "title": "French ICUs fight back: An example of regional ICU organisation to tackle the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Terrasi, Benjamin", "Arnaud, Emilien", "Guilbart, Mathieu", "Besserve, Patricia", "Mahjoub, Yazine"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360980", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532356, "title": "Safety and efficacy assessment of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells to treat patients with severe COVID-19: structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (Phase I / II).", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Ye, Qingsong", "Wang, Hua", "Xia, Xia", "Zhou, Chenliang", "Liu, Zhiming", "Xia, Zun-En", "Zhang, Zhan", "Zhao, Yang", "Yehenala, Jun", "Wang, Si", "Zhou, Gangqiao", "Hu, Ke", "Wu, Bin", "Wu, Chu-Tse", "Wang, Songling", "He, Yan"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532356", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To assess the safety and therapeutic effects of allogeneic human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in treating severe pneumonia caused by COVID-19. This is a single centre, two arm ratio 1:1, triple blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel group, clinical trial. Twenty serious COVID-19 cases will be enrolled in the trial from April 6th to December 31st 2020. hospitalised patients at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University satisfy all criteria as below: 1)Adults aged 18-65 years;2)Voluntarily participate in this clinical trial and sign the \"informed consent form\" or have consent from a legal representative.3)Diagnosed with severe pneumonia of COVID-19: nucleic acid test SARS-CoV-2 positive; respiratory distress (respiratory rate > 30 times / min); hypoxia (resting oxygen saturation < 93% or arterial partial pressure of oxygen / oxygen concentration < 300 mmHg).4)COVID-19 featured lung lesions in chest X-ray image. Patients will be excluded from the study if they meet any of the following criteria. 1.Patients have received other experimental treatment for COVID-19 within the last 30 days;2.Patients have severe liver condition (e.g., Child Pugh score >=C or AST> 5 times of the upper limit);3.Patients with severe renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate <=30mL / min/1.73 m2) or patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis;4.Patients who are co-infected with HIV, hepatitis B, tuberculosis, influenza virus, adenovirus or other respiratory infection viruses;5.Female patients who have no sexual protection in the last 30 days prior to the screening assessment;6.Pregnant or lactating women or women using estrogen contraception;7.Patients who are planning to become pregnant during the study period or within 6 months after the end of the study period;8.Other conditions that the researchers consider not suitable for participating in this clinical trial. There will be two study groups: experimental and control. Both will receive all necessary routine treatment for COVID-19. The experimental group will receive an intravenous injection of dental pulp stem cells suspension (3.0x107 human DPSCs in 30ml saline solution) on day 1, 4 and 7; The control group will receive an equal amount of saline (placebo) on the same days. Clinical and laboratory observations will be performed for analysis during a period of 28 days for each case since the commencement of the study. 1. Primary outcome The primary outcome is Time To Clinical Improvement (TTCI). By definition, TTCI is the time (days) it takes to downgrade two levels from the following six ordered grades [(grade 1) discharge to (grade 6) death] in the clinical state of admission to the start of study treatments (hDPSCs or placebo). Six grades of ordered variables: GradeDescriptionGrade 1:Discharged of patient;Grade 2:Hospitalized without oxygen supplement;Grade 3:Hospitalized, oxygen supplement is required, but NIV / HFNC is not required;Grade 4:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, and NIV / HFNC treatment is required;Grade 5:Hospitalized in intensive care unit, requiring ECMO and/or IMV;Grade 6:Death. NIV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation; HFNC, high-flow nasal catheter; IMV, invasive mechanical ventilation. 2. Secondary outcomes 2.1 vital signs: heart rate, blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure). During the screening period, hospitalization every day (additional time points of D1, D4, D7 30min before injection, 2h \u00b1 30min, 24h \u00b1 30min after the injection) and follow-up period D90 \u00b1 3 days. 2.2 Laboratory examinations: during the screening period, 30 minutes before D1, D4, D7 infusion, 2h \u00b1 30min, 24h \u00b1 30min after the end of infusion, D10, D14, D28 during hospitalization or discharge day and follow-up period D90 \u00b1 3 days. 2.3 Blood routine: white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils Acidic granulocyte count, basophil count, red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, average volume of red blood cells, average red blood cell Hb content, average red blood cell Hb concentration, RDW standard deviation, RDW coefficient of variation, platelet count, platelet specific platelet average Volume, platelet distribution width,% of large platelets; 2.4 Liver and kidney function tests: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, \u03b3-glutamyl transferase, prealbumin, total protein, albumin, globulin, white / globule ratio , Total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, cholinesterase, urea, creatinine, total carbon dioxide, uric acid glucose, potassium, sodium, chlorine, calcium, corrected calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, calcium and phosphorus product, anion gap, penetration Pressure, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipoprotein a, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, estimated glomerular filtration rate. 2.5 Inflammation indicators: hypersensitive C-reactive protein, serum amyloid (SAA); 2.6 Infectious disease testing: Hepatitis B (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, HBcAb), Hepatitis C (Anti-HCV), AIDS (HIVcombin), syphilis (Anti-TP), cytomegalovirus CMV-IgM, cytomegalovirus CMV-IgG; only during the screening period and follow-up period D90 \u00b1 3. 2.7 Immunological testing: Collect peripheral blood to detect the phenotype of T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, natural killer cell, Macrophage and neutrophil by using flow cytometry. Collect peripheral blood to detect the gene profile of mononuclear cells by using single-cell analyses. Collect peripheral blood serum to detect various immunoglobulin changes: IgA, IgG, IgM, total IgE; Collect peripheral blood serum to explore the changes of cytokines, Th1 cytokines (IL-1 \u03b2, IL-2, TNF-a, ITN-\u03b3), Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL -10). 2.8 Pregnancy test: blood \u03b2-HCG, female subjects before menopause are examined during the screening period and follow-up period D90 \u00b1 3. 2.9 Urine routine: color, clarity, urine sugar, bilirubin, ketone bodies, specific gravity, pH, urobilinogen, nitrite, protein, occult blood, leukocyte enzymes, red blood cells, white blood cells, epithelial cells, non-squamous epithelial cells , Transparent cast, pathological cast, crystal, fungus; 2.10 Stool Routine: color, traits, white blood cells, red blood cells, fat globules, eggs of parasites, fungi, occult blood (chemical method), occult blood (immune method), transferrin (2h \u00b1 30min after the injection and not detected after discharge). Block randomization method will be applied by computer to allocate the participants into experimental and control groups. The random ratio is 1:1. Participants, outcomes assessors and investigators (including personnel in laboratory and imaging department who issue the sample report or image observations) will be blinded. Injections of cell suspension and saline will be coded in accordance with the patient's randomisation group. The blind strategy is kept by an investigator who does not deliver the medical care or assess primary outcome results. Twenty participants will be randomized to the experimental and control groups (10 per group). Protocol version number, hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020 Version 2.0, March 13, 2020. Patients screening commenced on 16th April and an estimated date of the recruitment of the final participants will be around end of July. . Registration: World Health Organization Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000031319; March 27,2020. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04336254; April 7, 2020 Other Study ID Numbers: hDPSC-CoVID-2019-02-2020 FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32478942, "title": "Covid-19 infection in psoriasis patients treated with cyclosporin.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Di Lernia, V", "Goldust, M", "Feliciani, C"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478942", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447049, "pmcid": "PMC7242197", "title": "Anosmia in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Hornuss, D", "Lange, B", "Schroter, N", "Rieg, S", "Kern, W V", "Wagner, D"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447049", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32397803, "title": "Les liaisons dangereuses and the danger of deductions: The interplay between cardiovascular disease and COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Prev Cardiol", "authors": ["Sciatti, Edoardo", "Ceconi, Claudio"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397803", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438482, "title": "Real-world assessment of the clinical impact of symptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (COVID-19 disease) in patients with Multiple Myeloma receiving systemic anti-cancer therapy.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Cook, Gordon", "Ashcroft, A John", "Pratt, Guy", "Popat, Rakesh", "Ramasamy, Karthik", "Kaiser, Martin", "Jenner, Matthew", "Henshaw, Sarah", "Hall, Rachel", "Sive, Jonathan", "Stern, Simon", "Streetly, Matthew", "Bygrave, Ceri", "Soutar, Richard", "Rabin, Neil", "Jackson, Graham H"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438482", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32240279, "title": "Isolated sudden onset anosmia in COVID-19 infection. A novel syndrome?", "journal": "Rhinology", "authors": ["Gane, S B", "Kelly, C", "Hopkins, C"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240279", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The amelioration of the current COVID pandemic relies on swift and efficient case finding as well as stringent social distancing measures. Current advice suggests that fever or new onset dry cough are the commonest presenting complaints. We present a case report and case series as well as other evidence that there is an important fourth presenting syndrome, namely isolated sudden onset anosmia (ISOA), which should be considered highly suspicious for SARS-CoV-2. A patient presenting with ISOA who went on to test positive for infection with COVID-19 and did not develop any further symptoms as well as a case series of similar patients although limited by the lack of reliable testing at the moment. We posit the existence of a fourth common syndrome of COVID-19 infection: isolated sudden onset anosmia (ISOA) and urge the international community to consider this presentation in current management advice."}, {"pmid": 32417136, "pmcid": "PMC7228693", "title": "COVID-19 in a patient with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps during therapy with dupilumab.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Forster-Ruhrmann, Ulrike", "Szczepek, Agnieszka J", "Bachert, Claus", "Olze, Heidi"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417136", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358045, "title": "From One Technologist to Another-COVID-19 Questions Answered.", "journal": "J Nucl Med Technol", "authors": ["Beyder, Dmitry D", "Crosthwaite, Mark H", "Crowley, James", "Hay, Lyndsi M", "Jackson, Kimberly Kerrylin", "McDonald, Nancy", "Roy, Lynne T", "Peters, Tricia", "Wenzel-Lamb, Nikki"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358045", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275072, "pmcid": "PMC7262245", "title": "Vaginal delivery report of a healthy neonate born to a convalescent mother with COVID--19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Xiong, Xiali", "Wei, Hong", "Zhang, Zhihong", "Chang, Jing", "Ma, Xiaopeng", "Gao, Xiang", "Chen, Qiang", "Pang, Qiumei"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275072", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of the infection of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID--19) has become a challenging public health threat worldwide. Limited data are available for pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia. We report a case of a convalescing pregnant woman diagnosed with COVID-19 infection 37 days before delivery in the third trimester. A live birth without severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was performed successfully via the vagina. The findings from our case indicate that there is no intrauterine transmission in this woman who developed COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy."}, {"pmid": 32193883, "title": "CT appearance of severe, laboratory-proven coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a Caucasian patient in Berlin, Germany.", "journal": "Rofo", "authors": ["Gross, Alexander", "Thiemig, Dorina", "Koch, Franz-Wilhelm", "Schwarz, Martin", "Glaser, Sven", "Albrecht, Thomas"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193883", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32481256, "title": "The computation of case fatality rate for novel coronavirus (COVID-19) based on Bayes theorem: An observational study.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Chang, Chi-Sheng", "Yeh, Yu-Tsen", "Chien, Tsair-Wei", "Lin, Jui-Chung John", "Cheng, Bor-Wen", "Kuo, Shu-Chun"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481256", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When a new disease such starts to spread, the commonly asked questions are how deadly is it? and how many people are likely to die of this outbreak? The World Health Organization (WHO) announced in a press conference on January 29, 2020 that the death rate of COVID-19 was 2% on the case fatality rate (CFR). It was underestimated assuming no lag days from symptom onset to deaths while many CFR formulas have been proposed, the estimation on Bays theorem is worthy of interpretation. Hence, it is hypothesized that the over-loaded burdens of treating patients and capacities to contain the outbreak (LSBHRS) may increase the CFR. We downloaded COVID-19 outbreak numbers from January 21 to February 14, 2020, in countries/regions on a daily basis from Github that contains information on confirmed cases in >30 Chinese locations and other countries/regions. The pros and cons were compared among the 5 formula of CFR, including [A] deaths/confirmed; [B] deaths/(deaths\u200a+\u200arecovered); [C] deaths/(cases x days ago); [D] Bayes estimation based on [A] and the outbreak (LSBHRS) in each country/region; and [E] Bayes estimation based on [C] deaths/(cases x days ago). The coefficients of variance (CV\u200a=\u200athe ratio of the standard deviation to the mean) were applied to measure the relative variability for each CFR. A dashboard was developed for daily display of the CFR across each region. The Bayes based on (A)[D] has the lowest CV (=0.10) followed by the deaths/confirmed (=0.11) [A], deaths/(deaths\u200a+\u200arecoveries) (=0.42) [B], Bayes based on (C) (=0.49) [E], and deaths/(cases x days ago) (=0.59) [C]. All final CFRs will be equal using the formula (from, A to E). A dashboard was developed for the daily reporting of the CFR. The CFR (3.7%) greater than the prior CFR of 2.2% was evident in LSBHRS, increasing the CFR. A dashboard was created to present the CFRs on COVID-19. We suggest examining both trends of the Bayes based on both deaths/(cases 7 days ago) and deaths/confirmed cases as a reference to the final CFR. An app developed for displaying the provisional CFR with the 2 CFR trends can improve the underestimated CFR reported by WHO and media."}, {"pmid": 32360047, "pmcid": "PMC7183999", "title": "Re: Ming-Chun Chan, Sharon E.K. Yeo, Yew-Lam Chong, Yee-Mun Lee. Stepping Forward: Urologists' Efforts During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Singapore. Eur Urol. In press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2020.03.004.", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Mantica, Guglielmo", "Suardi, Nazareno", "Terrone, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360047", "countries": ["Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32229625, "title": "Neurologic complications of coronavirus infections.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Nath, Avindra"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229625", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267964, "pmcid": "PMC7262124", "title": "Infection control in non-clinical areas during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Ling, L", "Wong, W T", "Wan, W T P", "Choi, G", "Joynt, G M"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267964", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433303, "pmcid": "PMC7268873", "title": "Apples to Oranges: Ethical Considerations in COVID-19 Surgical Recovery.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Eng, Oliver S", "Tseng, Jennifer", "Ejaz, Aslam", "Pawlik, Timothy M", "Angelos, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433303", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505623, "title": "Masks and medical care: Two keys to Taiwan's success in preventing COVID-19 spread.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Yi-Fong Su, Vincent", "Yen, Yung-Feng", "Yang, Kuang-Yao", "Su, Wei-Juin", "Chou, Kun-Ta", "Chen, Yuh-Min", "Perng, Diahn-Warng"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505623", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32209549, "title": "Covid-19: trials of four potential treatments to generate \"robust data\" of what works.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Sayburn, Anna"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32209549", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32235155, "pmcid": "PMC7176271", "title": "Setup of a Dedicated Coronavirus Intensive Care Unit: Logistical Aspects.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Mojoli, Francesco", "Mongodi, Silvia", "Grugnetti, Giuseppina", "Muzzi, Alba", "Baldanti, Fausto", "Bruno, Raffaele", "Triarico, Antonio", "Antonio Iotti, Giorgio"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32235155", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32192296, "title": "[Standardized diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer during the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 in Renji hospital].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Luo, Y", "Zhong, M"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32192296", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently raging in China. It has been proven that COVID-19 can be transmitted from human to human and cause hospital infection, which seriously threatens surgical staffs and inpatients. Although colorectal surgery is not a front-line subject in the fight against the epidemic, but in this special situation, it is a difficult task to provide the highest quality medical services and ensure the orderly clinical work, on the premise of maximizing the protection for patients and their families, health of medical staff, and the safety of wards and hospitals, We summarize how to carry out the clinical practice of colorectal surgery under the situation of the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemiology, including the procedures of diagnose and treatment for emergency patients with colorectal tumor, and share the experiences of the diagnosis of colorectal tumor, the management of patients with colorectal cancer who are scheduled to be admitted for surgery, the protection of wards, the perioperative management. More importantly, we introduce in detail the operative management and perioperative management of colorectal surgery patients suspected or diagnosed with new coronary pneumonia, including prevention and control measures for medical staff, operating rooms and surgical instruments. The main points are as follows: (1) Multidisciplinary team (MDT) must be run through the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. The members include not only routine departments, but also respiratory department and infectious department. (2) Colonoscopy examination may cause cross infection of COVID-19 to patients and doctors. Therefore, it is prior to examine the emergency cases and life-threatening patients (bleeding, obstruction, gastrointestinal foreign bodies, etc.). If the emergent patients (intestinal obstruction) with suspected or confirmed COVID-19, the surgeons must perform emergency surgery, and intestinal decompressive tube through colonoscopy is not recommended. (3) The colorectal cancer patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 should be placed in the isolated room with separate medical devices, and the operative room with negative pressure (under -5 Pa) must be separated. All disposable medical items, body fluids and feces of the patients in perioperative periods must be unified disposed according to the medical waste standard. (4) The surgical medical workers who process colorectal cancer patients with COVID-19 must be protected by three-level. After operation, the medical workers must receive medical observation and be isolated for 14 days. We hope our \"Renji experience\" will be beneficial to colleagues."}, {"pmid": 32122876, "title": "Covid-19: a digital epidemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Chiolero, Arnaud"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122876", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387535, "pmcid": "PMC7202805", "title": "Asthma, biologics, corticosteroids, and coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol", "authors": ["Akenroye, Ayobami T", "Wood, Robert", "Keet, Corinne"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387535", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32422409, "pmcid": "PMC7228894", "title": "Reducing hospital admissions for COVID-19 at a dedicated screening centre in Singapore.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Tan, G S E", "Ang, H", "Manauis, C M", "Chua, J M", "Gao, C Q", "Ng, F K K", "Wong, C S", "Ng, O T", "Marimuthu, K", "Chan, M", "Leo, Y-S", "Vasoo, S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422409", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32378816, "title": "Clinical Insights and Management Recommendations for COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Internal Medicine Departments: Recommendations by the Corona Department Heads in Israel.", "journal": "Isr Med Assoc J", "authors": ["Segal, Gad", "Mevorach, Dror", "Elis, Avishay", "Dicker, Dror"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32378816", "countries": ["Israel"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374901, "pmcid": "PMC7267624", "title": "Infection control measures of a Taiwanese hospital to confront the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Kaohsiung J Med Sci", "authors": ["Chang, Ya-Ting", "Lin, Chun-Yu", "Tsai, Ming-Ju", "Hung, Ching-Tzu", "Hsu, Chia-Wen", "Lu, Po-Liang", "Hou, Ming-Feng"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374901", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization announced the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak a pandemic on 12 March 2020. Although being in proximity to China, the original epicenter of the COVID-19 outbreak, Taiwan has maintained a low number of COVID-19 cases despite its close social ties and heavy traffic between Taiwan and China. Containment strategies executed by the Taiwanese government have attracted global attention. Similarly, in-hospital settings, high alertness and swift responses to the changing outbreak situation are necessary to ensure hospital staff members' safety so they can continue to save patients' lives. Herein, we present infection control measures that can be adopted in hospital settings that were executed in a Taiwanese hospital to confront the COVID-19 pandemic, including emergency preparedness and responses from the hospital administration, education, surveillance, patient flow arrangement, the partition of hospital zones, and the prevention of a systemic shutdown by using the \"divided cabin, divided flow\" strategy. The measures implemented by a Taiwan hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic may not be universally applicable in every hospital. Nonetheless, the presented infection control methods have been practically executed and can be referenced or modified to fit each hospital's unique condition."}, {"pmid": 32331761, "pmcid": "PMC7151315", "title": "Guidance in an uncertain world.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Moppett, Iain K", "Gardiner, Dale", "Harvey, Daniel J R"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32331761", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32502733, "pmcid": "PMC7266584", "title": "Exploring the genomic and proteomic variations of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein: A computational biology approach.", "journal": "Infect Genet Evol", "authors": ["Lokman, Syed Mohammad", "Rasheduzzaman, M D", "Salauddin, Asma", "Barua, Rocktim", "Tanzina, Afsana Yeasmin", "Rumi, Meheadi Hasan", "Hossain, M D Imran", "Siddiki, A M A M Zonaed", "Mannan, Adnan", "Hasan, M D Mahbub"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502733", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The newly identified SARS-CoV-2 has now been reported from around 185 countries with more than a million confirmed human cases including more than 120,000 deaths. The genomes of SARS-COV-2 strains isolated from different parts of the world are now available and the unique features of constituent genes and proteins need to be explored to understand the biology of the virus. Spike glycoprotein is one of the major targets to be explored because of its role during the entry of coronaviruses into host cells. We analyzed 320 whole-genome sequences and 320 spike protein sequences of SARS-CoV-2 using multiple sequence alignment. In this study, 483 unique variations have been identified among the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 including 25 nonsynonymous mutations and one deletion in the spike (S) protein. Among the 26 variations detected in S, 12 variations were located at the N-terminal domain (NTD) and 6 variations at the receptor-binding domain (RBD) which might alter the interaction of S protein with the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Besides, 22 amino acid insertions were identified in the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in comparison with that of SARS-CoV. Phylogenetic analyses of spike protein revealed that Bat coronavirus have a close evolutionary relationship with circulating SARS-CoV-2. The genetic variation analysis data presented in this study can help a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Based on results reported herein, potential inhibitors against S protein can be designed by considering these variations and their impact on protein structure."}, {"pmid": 32320641, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Transmission Potential, Iran, 2020.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Muniz-Rodriguez, Kamalich", "Fung, Isaac Chun-Hai", "Ferdosi, Shayesteh R", "Ofori, Sylvia K", "Lee, Yiseul", "Tariq, Amna", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320641", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To determine the transmission potential of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in Iran in 2020, we estimated the reproduction number as 4.4 (95% CI 3.9-4.9) by using a generalized growth model and 3.5 (95% CI 1.3-8.1) by using epidemic doubling time. The reproduction number decreased to 1.55 after social distancing interventions were implemented."}, {"pmid": 32495186, "pmcid": "PMC7267753", "title": "Stroke integrated care pathway during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Frisullo, Giovanni", "De Belvis, Antonio Giulio", "Marca, Giacomo Della", "Angioletti, Carmen", "Calabresi, Paolo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495186", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462423, "pmcid": "PMC7251048", "title": "Taking care of systemic sclerosis patients during COVID-19 pandemic: rethink the clinical activity.", "journal": "Clin Rheumatol", "authors": ["Minniti, Antonina", "Maglione, Wanda", "Pignataro, Francesca", "Cappadona, Carmela", "Caporali, Roberto", "Del Papa, Nicoletta"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462423", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 outbreak has quickly spread worldwide, causing a high pressure on the health-care system. In Italy, from March 8, 2020, all the deferrable clinical activities have been suspended to increase the health care offer for COVID-19 patients. The hospital organization has been modified also in order to assure non-COVID-19 patients assistance. The Scleroderma Unit of ASST Pini-CTO Hospital, in Milan, in the region mostly hit by SARS-CoV-2 in Italy, follows more than 600 patients affected by systemic sclerosis (SSc). Patients with SSc need a close follow-up with a regular screening of organ involvement and frequent intravenous treatments. All SSc patients have been educated about ministerial directives to limit COVID-19 spread. The organization of our Scleroderma Unit has been quickly rethought to assure SSc patients assistance in safety for them and for health-care workers during urgent visits or infusion therapies. Using electronic way of communication with frequent virtual contact and guarantying home deliveries of some therapies, we allowed a continuity of care also outside the Hospital."}, {"pmid": 32335962, "pmcid": "PMC7267439", "title": "COVID-19 and gastrointestinal endoscopy: What should be taken into account?", "journal": "Dig Endosc", "authors": ["Sinonquel, Pieter", "Roelandt, Philip", "Demedts, Ingrid", "Van Gerven, Laura", "Vandenbriele, Christophe", "Wilmer, Alexander", "Van Wijngaerden, Eric", "Bisschops, Raf"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335962", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a subsequent impact on the entire world and health care system. Since the causing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 houses in the aerodigestive tract, activities in the gastrointestinal outpatient clinic and endoscopy unit should be limited to emergencies only. Health care professionals are faced with the need to perform endoscopic or endoluminal emergency procedures in patients with a confirmed positive or unknown COVID-19 status. With this report, we aim to provide recommendations and practical relevant information for gastroenterologists based on the limited amount of available data and local experience, to guarantee a high-quality patient care and adequate infection prevention in the gastroenterology clinic."}, {"pmid": 32031481, "pmcid": "PMC7233358", "title": "CT Manifestations of Two Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Fang, Yicheng", "Zhang, Huangqi", "Xu, Yunyu", "Xie, Jicheng", "Pang, Peipei", "Ji, Wenbin"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32031481", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441816, "title": "Systematic analysis of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in salivary glands reveals underlying transmission mechanism caused by SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Song, Jukun", "Li, Yamei", "Huang, Xiaolin", "Chen, Zhihong", "Li, Yongdi", "Liu, Chong", "Chen, Zhu", "Duan, Xiaofeng"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441816", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic that has caused severe health threats and fatalities in almost all communities. Studies have detected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in saliva with a viral load that lasts for a long period. However, researchers are yet to establish whether SARS-CoV-2 can directly enter the salivary glands. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the presence of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/transmembrane serine proteases 2 (TMPRSS2) expression in salivary glands using publicly available databases. The distribution of ACE2 and TMPRSSs family in salivary gland tissue and other tissues was analyzed. The Genotype-Tissue Expression dataset was employed to explore the ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression in various body organs and salivary glands in a healthy population. The single-cell sequencing data for salivary gland samples (including submandibular salivary gland and parotid gland) from mice were collected and analyzed. The components and proportions of salivary gland cells expressing the key protease TMPRSSs family were analyzed. Transcriptome data analysis showed that ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were expressed in salivary glands. The expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 were marginal without significant differences in different age groups or between men and women. Single-cell RNA sequence analysis indicated that TMPRSS2 was mainly expressed in salivary gland epithelial cells. We speculate that SARS-CoV-2 may be entered in salivary glands."}, {"pmid": 32418199, "title": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), SARS-CoV-2 and pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "J Pathol", "authors": ["Bourgonje, Arno R", "Abdulle, Amaal Eman", "Timens, Wim", "Hillebrands, Jan-Luuk", "Navis, Gerjan J", "Gordijn, Sanne J", "Bolling, Marieke C", "Dijkstra, Gerard", "Voors, Adriaan A", "Osterhaus, Albert D M E", "van der Voort, Peter H J", "Mulder, Douwe J", "van Goor, Harry"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418199", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has been established as the functional host receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for the current devastating worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). ACE2 is abundantly expressed in a variety of cells residing in many different human organs. In human physiology, ACE2 is a pivotal counter-regulatory enzyme to ACE by the breakdown of angiotensin II, the central player in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the main substrate of ACE2. Many factors have been associated with both altered ACE2 expression and COVID-19 severity and progression, including age, sex, ethnicity, medication, and several co-morbidities, such as cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Although ACE2 is widely distributed in various human tissues and many of its determinants have been well recognised, ACE2-expressing organs do not equally participate in COVID-19 pathophysiology, implying that other mechanisms are involved in orchestrating cellular infection resulting in tissue damage. Reports of pathologic findings in tissue specimens of COVID-19 patients are rapidly emerging and confirm the established role of ACE2 expression and activity in disease pathogenesis. Identifying pathologic changes caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucially important as it has major implications for understanding COVID-19 pathophysiology and the development of evidence-based treatment strategies. Currently, many interventional strategies are being explored in ongoing clinical trials, encompassing many drug classes and strategies, including antiviral drugs, biological response modifiers, and RAAS inhibitors. Ultimately, prevention is key to combat COVID-19 and appropriate measures are being taken accordingly, including development of effective vaccines. In this review, we describe the role of ACE2 in COVID-19 pathophysiology, including factors influencing ACE2 expression and activity in relation to COVID-19 severity. In addition, we discuss the relevant pathological changes resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Finally, we highlight a selection of potential treatment modalities for COVID-19. \u00a9 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland."}, {"pmid": 32198292, "title": "Misguided drug advice for COVID-19.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["FitzGerald, Garret A"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198292", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340661, "title": "How Will COViD-19 Affect Long-Term Care?", "journal": "Sr Care Pharm", "authors": ["Baldwin, Paul"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340661", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The decision of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to suspend routine surveys in favor of focused inspections targeted at infection control is the first signal that long-term care will be at the epicenter of federal oversight."}, {"pmid": 32449876, "title": "COVID-19: an unprecedented pandemia with a potential arrhythmic undertone.", "journal": "Postgrad Med", "authors": ["Lopez-Candales, Angel", "Mounsey, J Paul"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449876", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data has shown that intense impact events such as large magnitude earthquakes and the US terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 have shown us that unforeseen catastrophic events are followed by a significant increase of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). We are concerned that similarly, the recent COVID-19 pandemia that not only has dismantled our way of living, in a matter of weeks, but also has challenged all of us beyond our abilities might be also related to an increase in prevalence of VA and SCD. In addition to such provocative suggestions raise in this article we want to convey the message that we must remain vigilant long after we have silenced COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32452889, "pmcid": "PMC7255399", "title": "Implications of Obesity for the Management of Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia.", "journal": "Crit Care Med", "authors": ["Lemyze, Malcolm", "Courageux, Nathan", "Maladobry, Thomas", "Arumadura, Clothilde", "Pauquet, Philippe", "Orfi, Annis", "Komorowski, Matthieu", "Mallat, Jihad", "Granier, Maxime"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452889", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate patients' characteristics, management, and outcomes in the critically ill population admitted to the ICU for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia causing an acute respiratory distress syndrome. Retrospective case-control study. A 34-bed ICU of a tertiary hospital. The first 44 coronavirus disease 2019 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients were compared with a historical control group of 39 consecutive acute respiratory distress syndrome patients admitted to the ICU just before the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis. None. Obesity was the most frequent comorbidity exhibited by coronavirus disease 2019 patients (n = 32, 73% vs n = 11, 28% in controls; p < 0.001). Despite the same severity of illness and level of hypoxemia at admission, coronavirus disease 2019 patients failed more high flow oxygen via nasal cannula challenges (n = 16, 100% vs n = 5, 45% in controls; p = 0.002), were more often intubated (n = 44, 100% vs n = 22, 56% in controls; p < 0.001) and paralyzed (n = 34, 77% vs n = 3, 14% in controls; p < 0.001), required higher level of positive end-expiratory pressure (15 vs 8\u2009cm H2O in controls; p < 0.001), more prone positioning (n = 33, 75% vs n = 6, 27% in controls; p < 0.001), more dialysis (n = 16, 36% vs n = 3, 8% in controls; p = 0.003), more hemodynamic support by vasopressors (n = 36, 82% vs n = 22, 56% in controls; p = 0.001), and had more often a prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation (n = 28, 64% vs n = 10, 26% in controls; p < 0.01) resulting in a more frequent resort to tracheostomy (n = 18, 40.9% vs n = 2, 9% in controls; p = 0.01). However, an intensive management requiring more staff per patient for positioning coronavirus disease 2019 subjects (6 [5-7] vs 5 [4-5] in controls; p < 0.001) yielded the same ICU survival rate in the two groups (n = 34, 77% vs n = 29, 74% in controls; p = 0.23). In its most severe form, coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia striked preferentially the vulnerable obese population, evolved toward a multiple organ failure, required prolonged mechanical ventilatory support, and resulted in a high workload for the caregivers."}, {"pmid": 32345859, "pmcid": "PMC7202102", "title": "USE OF A MODIFIED SYSTEM FOR MANUAL VENTILATION OF THE PATIENT FOR IN-HOSPITAL AND EXTRA HOSPITAL TRANSPORT TO AVOID AEROSOLIZING SPREAD OF DROPLETS DURING COVID-19 OUTBREAK.", "journal": "Anesth Analg", "authors": ["Fusco, Pierfrancesco", "Petroni, Gian Marco", "Di Carlo, Stefano", "Tullj, Stefania", "Arcangeli, Valentina", "Marinangeli, Franco"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345859", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497852, "pmcid": "PMC7263210", "title": "Traumatic non-missile penetrating transnasal anterior skull-base fracture and brain injury with cerebrospinal fluid leak: intraoperative leak detection and an effective reconstruction procedure for a localized skull base defect especially after COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Yoneoka, Yuichiro", "Aizawa, Naotaka", "Nonomura, Yoriko", "Ogi, Manabu", "Seki, Yasuhiro", "Akiyama, Katsuhiko"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497852", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cerebrospinal fluid leakage in penetrating skull base injury is relatively rare compared to close head injury involving skull base fracture. We report a case of a 65-year-old beekeeping man who presented with epistaxis and serous rhinorrhea. When he fell down on the ground near his bee boxes, a garden pole poked into his right nostril. He instantly removed the pole from his nostril by himself. Immediately after the removal of the pole, he developed some nasal bleeding and serous rhinorrhea. He then drove to our emergency room. Computed tomography showed pneumocephalus with minor cerebral contusion in the left frontal lobe, and penetrating injury in the left anterior skull base. His cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage did not resolve spontaneously within one week after the injury under a strict bed rest. We repaired the CSF leakage using a fat (adipose tissue)-on-fascia autograft plug and caulked the defect in the anterior skull base with the fat-on-fascia graft (FFG) plug through the left nostril under endoscopic vision. The CSF rhinorrhea was successfully controlled. Intranasal local application of fluorescein aided in the detection of the flow direction of CSF leakage. Endonasal endoscopic caulking of a skull base defect using FFG plug is useful for CSF leakage due to localized skull base defect, in particular for the post-COVID-19 era, because it is simple, low-cost, and timesaving: requiring no special skills or no sophisticated instruments, thus reducing infection risks during the surgery. (239 words)."}, {"pmid": 32501411, "pmcid": "PMC7249039", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection serology: a useful tool to overcome lockdown?", "journal": "Cell Death Discov", "authors": ["Nuccetelli, Marzia", "Pieri, Massimo", "Grelli, Sandro", "Ciotti, Marco", "Miano, Roberto", "Andreoni, Massimo", "Bernardini, Sergio"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501411", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (Covid-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has spread rapidly, inducing a progressive growth in infected patients number. Social isolation (lockdown) has been assessed to prevent and control virus diffusion, leading to a worldwide financial and political crisis. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection in nasopharyngeal swab takes place by real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). However, molecular tests can give some false-negative results. In this context, serological assays can be useful to detect IgG/IgM antibodies, to assess the degree of immunization, to trace the contacts, and to support the decision to re-admit people at work. A lot of serological diagnostic kits have been proposed on the market but validation studies have not been published for many of them. The aim of our work was to compare and to evaluate different assays analytical performances (two different immunochromatographic cards, an immunofluorescence chromatographic card, and a chemiluminescence-automated immunoassay) on 43 positive samples with RT-qPCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and 40 negative control subjects. Our data display excellent IgG/IgM specificities for all the immunocromatographic card tests (100% IgG and 100% IgM) and for the chemiluminescence-automated assay (100% IgG and 94% IgM); IgG/IgM sensitivities are moderately lower for all methods, probably due to the assay viral antigen's nature and/or to the detection time of nasopharyngeal swab RT-qPCR, with respect to symptoms onset. Given that sensitivities (around 94% and 84% for IgG and IgM, respectively) implicate false-negative cases and given the lack of effective vaccines or treatments, the only currently available procedure to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission is to identify and isolate persons who are contagious. For this reason, we would like to submit a flowchart in which serological tests, integrated with nasopharyngeal swab RT-qPCR, are included to help social and work activities implementation after the pandemic acute phase and to overcome lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32471831, "pmcid": "PMC7267890", "title": "Reply to Siniorakis et al., \"COVID-19 Interference with Renin-Angiotensin System in the Context of Heart Failure\".", "journal": "mBio", "authors": ["Fedson, David S", "Opal, Steven M", "Rordam, Ole Martin"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471831", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32113824, "pmcid": "PMC7127252", "title": "First case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia in Taiwan.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Cheng, Shao-Chung", "Chang, Yuan-Chia", "Fan Chiang, Yu-Long", "Chien, Yu-Chan", "Cheng, Mingte", "Yang, Chin-Hua", "Huang, Chia-Husn", "Hsu, Yuan-Nian"], "date": "2020-03-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32113824", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of respiratory illness proved to be infected by a 2019 novel coronavirus, officially named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), was notified first in Wuhan, China, and has spread rapidly in China and to other parts of the world. Herein, we reported the first confirmed case of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) imported from China in Taiwan. This case report revealed a natural course of NCP with self-recovery, which may be a good example in comparison with medical treatments."}, {"pmid": 32349897, "pmcid": "PMC7194974", "title": "Cardiovascular Consequences and Considerations of Coronavirus Infection - Perspectives for the Cardiothoracic Anesthesiologist and Intensivist During the Coronavirus Crisis.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Augoustides, John G"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349897", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511058, "title": "COVID-19 Interview: Dr. Belgin Eroglu Kesim on Women in Science Advancing SARS-CoV-2 Tests-\"One Health\" and Changing the World for the Better.", "journal": "OMICS", "authors": ["Eroglu Kesim, Belgin", "Ozdemir, Vural"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511058", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444993, "pmcid": "PMC7242608", "title": "Triaging Total Hip Arthroplasty During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med", "authors": ["Rizkalla, James M", "Gladnick, Brian P", "Bhimani, Aamir A", "Wood, Dorian S", "Kitziger, Kurt J", "Peters, Paul C Jr"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444993", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this review was to evaluate the available literature to determine what may be considered urgent indications for total hip arthroplasty, in the unprecedented setting of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus currently presenting in the form of a global pandemic, referred to as COVID-19. In this setting, multiple states have issued executive orders prohibiting \"elective\" surgery, including arthroplasty, in order to preserve healthcare resources. However, during this unprecedented reduction in elective surgery, there is likely to be some controversy as to what constitutes a purely \"elective\" procedure, versus an \"urgent\" procedure, particularly regarding hip arthroplasty. We reviewed the available literature for articles discussing the most commonly encountered indications for primary, conversion, and revision hip arthroplasty. Based upon the indications discussed in these articles, we further stratified these indications into \"elective\" versus \"urgent\" categories. In patients presenting with hip arthroplasty indications, the decision to proceed urgently with surgery should be based upon (a) the potential harm incurred by the patient if the surgery was delayed and (b) the potential risk incurred by the patient in the context of COVID-19 if surgery was performed. The authors present a decision-making algorithm for determining surgical urgency in three patients who underwent surgery in this context. Urgent total hip arthroplasty in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic is a complex decision-making process, involving clinical and epidemiological factors. These decisions are best made in coordination with a multidisciplinary committee of one's peers. Region-specific issues such as hospital resources and availability of PPE may also inform the decision-making process."}, {"pmid": 32464637, "title": "The mechanistic overview of SARS-CoV-2 using angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 to enter the cell for replication: possible treatment options related to the renin-angiotensin system.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["Offringa, Annette", "Montijn, Roy", "Singh, Sandeep", "Paul, Martin", "Pinto, Yigal M", "Pinto-Sietsma, Sara-Joan"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464637", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a healthcare crisis caused by insufficient knowledge applicable to effectively combat the virus. Therefore, different scientific discovery strategies need to be connected, to generate a rational treatment which can be made available as rapidly as possible. This relies on a solid theoretical understanding of the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and host responses, which is coupled to the practical experience of clinicians that are treating patients. Because SARS-CoV-2 enters the cell by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), targeting ACE2 to prevent such binding seems an obvious strategy to combat infection. However, ACE2 performs its functions outside the cell and was found to enter the cell only by angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-induced endocytosis, after which ACE2 is destroyed. This means that preventing uptake of ACE2 into the cell by blocking AT1R would be a more logical approach to limit entry of SARS-CoV-2 into the cell. Since ACE2 plays an important protective role in maintaining key biological processes, treatments should not disrupt the functional capacity of ACE2, to counterbalance the negative effects of the infection. Based on known mechanisms and knowledge of the characteristics of SARS-CoV we propose the hypothesis that the immune system facilitates SARS-CoV-2 replication which disrupts immune regulatory mechanisms. The proposed mechanism by which SARS-CoV-2 causes disease immediately suggests a possible treatment, since the AT1R is a key player in this whole process. AT1R antagonists appear to be the ideal candidate for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. AT1R antagonists counterbalance the negative consequences of angiotesnin II and, in addition, they might even be involved in preventing the cellular uptake of the virus without interfering with ACE2 function. AT1R antagonists are widely available, cheap, and safe. Therefore, we propose to consider using AT1R antagonists in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32231328, "pmcid": "PMC7104419", "title": "Interaction between RAAS inhibitors and ACE2 in the context of COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Cardiol", "authors": ["Mourad, Jean-Jacques", "Levy, Bernard I"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32231328", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436114, "pmcid": "PMC7239349", "title": "Increased lung signal as a hint of COVID-19 infection on Tc-99m-sestamibi myocardial perfusion scintigraphy.", "journal": "J Nucl Cardiol", "authors": ["Delabie, Pierre", "Hyafil, Fabien"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436114", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529948, "title": "Healthcare virtualization amid COVID-19 pandemic: an emerging new normal.", "journal": "Med Educ Online", "authors": ["Kaliya-Perumal, Arun-Kumar", "Omar, Usama Farghaly", "Kharlukhi, Jacquilyne"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529948", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32153170, "title": "[Clinical characteristics and influencing factors of patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia combined with liver injury in Shaanxi region].", "journal": "Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yao, N", "Wang, S N", "Lian, J Q", "Sun, Y T", "Zhang, G F", "Kang, W Z", "Kang, W"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32153170", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To understand the clinical characteristics, change of liver function, influencing factors and prognosis in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) combined with liver injury. Methods: The general conditions, biochemical indicators of liver, blood clotting mechanism, routine blood test, UGT1A1 * 28 gene polymorphism and other data of 40 cases with COVID-19 admitted to the isolation ward of Tangdu Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristics, influencing factors and prognosis of liver injury in patients with liver injury group and those with normal liver function group were compared. The mean of two samples in univariate analysis was compared by t-test and analysis of variance. The counting data was measured by \u03c7(2) tests. The non-normal distribution measurement data were described by the median, and the non-parametric test was used. Statistically significant influencing factors were used as the independent variables in univariate analysis. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the main influencing factors of liver injury. Results: Of the 40 cases, 25 were male (62.5%) and 15 were female (37.5%), aged 22 to 83 (53.87 \u00b1 15.84) years. Liver injury was occurred in 22 cases (55%) during the course of the disease. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was initially increased (4.4 to 3.5 times of the normal value) along with decrease of albumin in the second week, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Ten cases (43.5%) had highest abnormal total blood bilirubin (54.1 \u03bcmol/ L). There was no correlation between the increase in transaminase and the increase in total blood bilirubin (R = -0.006, P = 0.972). Three cases had prothrombin activity (PTA) of \u226450%, 10 cases had elevated FDP, and 13 cases had elevated D-dimer, all of whom were severe or critically ill. Liver function injury was more likely to occur in patients who used many types of drugs and large amounts of hormones (P = 0.002, P = 0.031), and there was no correlation with the TA6TA7 mutation in the UGT1A1 * 28 gene locus. Multiple regression analysis showed that the occurrence of liver injury was only related to critical illness. The liver function of all patients had recovered within one week after conventional liver protection treatment. Conclusion: COVID-19 combined with liver function injury may be due to the slight elevation of transaminase, mostly around the second week of the disease course. Severe patients have a higher proportion of liver injury, and critical type is an independent risk factor for liver injury."}, {"pmid": 32256706, "pmcid": "PMC7105332", "title": "COVID-19 and treatment with NSAIDs and corticosteroids: should we be limiting their use in the clinical setting?", "journal": "Ecancermedicalscience", "authors": ["Russell, Beth", "Moss, Charlotte", "Rigg, Anne", "Van Hemelrijck, Mieke"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32256706", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Given the current SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, the availability of reliable information for clinicians and patients is paramount. There have been a number of reports stating that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids may exacerbate symptoms in COVID-19 patients. Therefore, this review aimed to collate information available in published articles to identify any evidence behind these claims with the aim of advising clinicians on how best to treat patients. This review found no published evidence for or against the use of NSAIDs in COVID-19 patients. Meanwhile, there appeared to be some evidence that corticosteroids may be beneficial if utilised in the early acute phase of infection, however, conflicting evidence from the World Health Organisation surrounding corticosteroid use in certain viral infections means this evidence is not conclusive. Given the current availability of literature, caution should be exercised until further evidence emerges surrounding the use of NSAIDs and corticosteroids in COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32516072, "title": "Abortion in the time of COVID-19: Perspectives from Malta.", "journal": "Sex Reprod Health Matters", "authors": ["Caruana-Finkel, Liza"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516072", "countries": ["Malta"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247317, "pmcid": "PMC7204563", "title": "Early Lessons on the Importance of Lung Imaging in Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Dondorp, Arjen M", "Schultz, Marcus J"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247317", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32400099, "pmcid": "PMC7272986", "title": "Novel Corona Virus 2019 pneumonia in a kidney transplant recipient.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Namazee, Najmeh", "Mahmoudi, Hilda", "Afzal, Payman", "Ghaffari, Sina"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32400099", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading worldwide and the impact of the disease in transplant patients is evolving. In this case report, we presented a 63-year-old female kidney transplant recipient who presented with dyspnea and cough and was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia. On the fourth day of admission, the patient's condition worsened. Therefore, the immunosuppressive medications were discontinued, and hydrocortisone was started. The patient died on the fifth day."}, {"pmid": 32322159, "pmcid": "PMC7175919", "title": "Electrostatic Charged Nanofiber Filter for Filtering Airborne Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Nano-aerosols.", "journal": "Sep Purif Technol", "authors": ["Woon Fong Leung, Wallace", "Sun, Qiangqiang"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322159", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The World Health Organization declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak as a pandemic on March 12, 2020. Within 3-1/2 months since outbreak in December 2019, over 1.3 million people have been infected across 206 countries with over 70,000 deaths. COVID-19 has a size of 60-140nm with mean size of the nano-aerosols, 100nm. The virus can be airborne by attaching to human secretion (fine particles, nasal/saliva droplets) of infected person or suspended fine particulates in air. While NIOSH has standardized N95 and N98 at 300nm, to-date there is no filter standards, nor special filter technologies, tailored for capturing airborne viruses and 100nm nano-aerosols. The latter also are present in high number concentration in atmospheric pollutants. This study addresses developing novel charged PVDF nanofiber filter technology to effectively capture the deadly airborne coronavirus with our target set at 100nm (nano-aerosol), and not 300nm. The virus and its attached particle were simulated by sodium chloride aerosols, 50-500nm, generated from sub-micron aerosol generator. PVDF nanofibers were produced with fiber diameters 84, 191, 349 and 525nm with excellent morphology. The fibers were subsequently charged by corona discharge. The amounts of charged fibers in a filter were increased to achieve high efficiency of 90% for the virus filter but the electrical interference between neighbouring fibers resulted in progressively marginal increase in efficiency and concurrently much higher pressure drop across the filter. The quality factor which measured the efficiency-to-pressure-drop kept decreasing. By redistributing the fibers in the filter into several modules, each separated by a permeable scrim material, the electrical interference was reduced, if not fully mitigated. Also, the additional scrim materials introduced macropores into the filter that further reduced the airflow resistance. With this approach, the quality factor can maintain relatively constant with increasing fiber amounts to achieve high filter efficiency. The optimal amounts of fiber in each module depended on the diameter of fibers in the module. Small fiber diameter that has already high performance required small amount of fibers per module. In contrast, large diameter fiber required more amounts of fiber per module to compensate for the poorer performance without incurring higher pressure drop. This approach was applied to develop four new nanofiber filters tailored for capturing 100nm airborne COVID-19 to achieve over 90% efficiency with pressure drop below 30Pa (3.1mm water). One filter developed meeting the 90% efficiency has ultralow pressure drop of only 18Pa (1.9mm water) while another filter meeting the 30Pa limit has high efficiency reaching 94%. These optimized filters based on rigorous engineering approach provide the badly needed technology for protecting the general public from the deadly airborne COVID-19 and other viruses, and nano-aerosols from air pollution which lead to chronic diseases."}, {"pmid": 32346406, "pmcid": "PMC7185082", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on mental health of healthcare professionals.", "journal": "Exp Ther Med", "authors": ["Tsamakis, Konstantinos", "Rizos, Emmanouil", "J Manolis, Athanasios", "Chaidou, Sofia", "Kympouropoulos, Stylianos", "Spartalis, Eleftherios", "A Spandidos, Demetrios", "Tsiptsios, Dimitrios", "S Triantafyllis, Andreas"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346406", "countries": ["Greece"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In light of the unprecedented public health crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is highly important to acknowledge the psychological impact of this mounting threat on healthcare professionals. Previous experience from smaller scale epidemics and emerging literature around COVID-19 show that the unparalleled amount of stress that healthcare workers are dealing with, is associated with increased psychological morbidities. We have depicted the psychological burden that the COVID-19 pandemic has posed on healthcare professionals in Greece and have reviewed the literature around the effect of previous epidemics on frontline healthcare staff. Moreover, we discuss potential triggers and the need for measures to minimise the psychological pressure on those at the frontline against this biothreat."}, {"pmid": 32443177, "title": "Pulmonary and systemic involvement of COVID-19 assessed by ultrasound-guided minimally invasive autopsy.", "journal": "Histopathology", "authors": ["Nunes Duarte-Neto, Amaro", "de Almeida Monteiro, Renata Aparecida", "da Silva, Luiz Fernando Ferraz", "Malheiros, Denise Maria Avancini Costa", "de Oliveira, Ellen Pierre", "Theodoro Filho, Jair", "Pinho, Joao Renato Rebello", "Soares Gomes-Gouvea, Michele", "Salles, Ana Paula Moreira", "de Oliveira, Ilka Regina Souza", "Mauad, Thais", "do Nascimento Saldiva, Paulo Hilario", "Dolhnikoff, Marisa"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443177", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Brazil ranks high in the number of COVID-19 cases and COVID-19's mortality rate. In this context, autopsies are important to confirm the disease, determine associated conditions, and study the pathophysiology of this novel disease. In order to follow biosafety recommendations, we used Ultrasound-Guided Minimally Invasive Autopsy (MIA-US) to assess the systemic involvement of COVID-19 and present the results of ten initial autopsies. We used MIA-US for tissue sampling of lungs, liver, heart, kidneys, spleen, brain, skin, skeletal muscle and testis for histology and RT-PCR to detect SARS-COV-2-RNA. All patients presented exudative/proliferative Diffuse Alveolar Damage. There were intense pleomorphic cytopathic effects on the respiratory epithelium, including airway and alveolar cells. Fibrinous thrombi in alveolar arterioles were present in eight patients and all patients presented a high density of alveolar megakaryocytes. Small thrombi were less frequently observed in glomeruli, spleen, heart, dermis, testis, and liver sinusoids. The main systemic findings were associated with comorbidities, age, and sepsis, in addition to possible tissue damage due to the viral infection such as myositis, dermatitis, myocarditis and orchitis. MIA-US is safe and effective for the study of severe COVID-19. Our findings show that COVID-19 is a systemic disease with major events in the lungs and involvement of various organs and tissues. Pulmonary changes are the result of severe epithelial injury and microthrombotic vascular phenomena. These findings indicate that both epithelial and vascular injury should be addressed in therapeutic approaches."}, {"pmid": 32339240, "pmcid": "PMC7197546", "title": "A Novel Use of Zip Lock Bags: Preserving A Sense of Humanity During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["McGarvey, Caoimhe G A", "Maher-Donnelly, Martina", "Walsh, Paul A", "Moriarty, John P", "Keane, Ruaidhri J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339240", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423094, "title": "COVID-19 and Individual Genetic Susceptibility/Receptivity: Role of ACE1/ACE2 Genes, Immunity, Inflammation and Coagulation. Might the Double X-chromosome in Females Be Protective against SARS-CoV-2 Compared to the Single X-Chromosome in Males?", "journal": "Int J Mol Sci", "authors": ["Gemmati, Donato", "Bramanti, Barbara", "Serino, Maria Luisa", "Secchiero, Paola", "Zauli, Giorgio", "Tisato, Veronica"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423094", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) from a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was recognized in the city of Wuhan, China. Rapidly, it became an epidemic in China and has now spread throughout the world reaching pandemic proportions. High mortality rates characterize SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19), which mainly affects the elderly, causing unrestrained cytokines-storm and subsequent pulmonary shutdown, also suspected micro thromboembolism events. At the present time, no specific and dedicated treatments, nor approved vaccines, are available, though very promising data come from the use of anti-inflammatory, anti-malaria, and anti-coagulant drugs. In addition, it seems that males are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 than females, with males 65% more likely to die from the infection than females. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) and Chinese scientists show that of all cases about 1.7% of women who contract the virus will die compared with 2.8% of men, and data from Hong Kong hospitals state that 32% of male and 15% of female COVID-19 patients required intensive care or died. On the other hand, the long-term fallout of coronavirus may be worse for women than for men due to social and psychosocial reasons. Regardless of sex- or gender-biased data obtained from WHO and those gathered from sometimes controversial scientific journals, some central points should be considered. Firstly, SARS-CoV-2 has a strong interaction with the human ACE2 receptor, which plays an essential role in cell entry together with transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2); it is interesting to note that the ACE2 gene lays on the X-chromosome, thus allowing females to be potentially heterozygous and differently assorted compared to men who are definitely hemizygous. Secondly, the higher ACE2 expression rate in females, though controversial, might ascribe them the worst prognosis, in contrast with worldwide epidemiological data. Finally, several genes involved in inflammation are located on the X-chromosome, which also contains high number of immune-related genes responsible for innate and adaptive immune responses to infection. Other genes, out from the RAS-pathway, might directly or indirectly impact on the ACE1/ACE2 balance by influencing its main actors (e.g., ABO locus, SRY, SOX3, ADAM17). Unexpectedly, the higher levels of ACE2 or ACE1/ACE2 rebalancing might improve the outcome of COVID-19 in both sexes by reducing inflammation, thrombosis, and death. Moreover, X-heterozygous females might also activate a mosaic advantage and show more pronounced sex-related differences resulting in a sex dimorphism, further favoring them in counteracting the progression of the SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32492368, "pmcid": "PMC7261436", "title": "Leadership in the Aftermath of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Next Steps Post Surge.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Lexa, Frank J", "Fessell, David"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492368", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32447298, "title": "Approaches to global stroke care during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Stroke Vasc Neurol", "authors": ["Liu, Liping", "Wang, David", "Brainin, Michael", "Elkind, Mitchell S V", "Leira, Enrique", "Wang, Yongjun"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447298", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485488, "pmcid": "PMC7255192", "title": "Prevalence and predictors of PTSD during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a Tunisian community sample.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Fekih-Romdhane, Feten", "Ghrissi, Farah", "Abbassi, Bouthaina", "Cherif, Wissal", "Cheour, Majda"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485488", "countries": ["Tunisia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525468, "title": "EXPRESS: Impact of COVID-19 outbreak in ischemic stroke admissions and in-hospital mortality in North-West Spain.", "journal": "Int J Stroke", "authors": ["Tejada Meza, Herbert", "Lambea, Alvaro", "Sancho Saldana, Agustin", "Martinez-Zabaleta, Maria T", "de la Riva, Patricia", "Lopez-Cancio, Elena", "Castanon Apilanez, Maria", "Herrera, Maria", "Marta-Enguita, Juan", "De Lera, Mercedes", "Arenillas, Juan F", "Segurola Olaizola, Jon", "Timiraos Fernandez, Juan Jose", "Sanchez, Joaquin", "Macineiras Montero, Jose Luis", "Castellanos, Mar", "Roel Garcia, Alexia", "Casado Menendez, Ignacio", "Freijo, Mar", "Luna Rodriguez, Alain", "Palacio Portilla, Enrique Jesus", "Jimenez Lopez, Yesica", "Rodriguez-Castro, Emilio", "Arias Rivas, Susana", "Tejada, Javier", "Beltran Rodriguez, Iria", "Julian-Villaverde, Francisco", "Moreno Garcia, Maria Pilar", "Trejo-Gabriel-Galan, Jose M", "Echevarria Iniguez, Ana", "Tejero Juste, Carlos", "Perez Lazaro, Cristina", "Marta Moreno, Javier"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525468", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32105052, "title": "[Surgical treatment for esophageal cancer during the outbreak of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi", "authors": ["Li, Y", "Qin, J J", "Wang, Z", "Yu, Y", "Wen, Y Y", "Chen, X K", "Liu, W X", "Li, Y"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105052", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, unexplained pneumonia has appeared in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, and a new type of coronavirus infection was confirmed as COVID-19. COVID-19 spread rapidly nationwide and abroad. The COVID-19 has brought huge impacts to all the people and walks of life, especially to the medical and health systems. It has also brought great challenges to the treatment of patients with cancer. Esophageal cancer is a common malignant tumor in China and most of the patients are in the middle and advanced stage when diagnosed, with immunosuppressive and poor prognosis. The selection of surgical procedures and perioperative managements of esophageal cancer require all thoracic surgeons work together to figure out a reasonable system of surgical treatment and emergency response."}, {"pmid": 32426441, "pmcid": "PMC7230138", "title": "Prioritisation of ICU treatments for critically ill patients in a COVID-19 pandemic with scarce resources.", "journal": "Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med", "authors": ["Leclerc, Thomas", "Donat, Nicolas", "Donat, Alexis", "Pasquier, Pierre", "Libert, Nicolas", "Schaeffer, Elodie", "D'Aranda, Erwan", "Cotte, Jean", "Fontaine, Bruno", "Perrigault, Pierre-Francois", "Michel, Fabrice", "Muller, Laurent", "Meaudre, Eric", "Veber, Benoit"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426441", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Relying on capacity increases and patient transfers to deal with the huge and continuous inflow of COVID-19 critically ill patients is a strategy limited by finite human and logistical resources. Prioritising both critical care initiation and continuation is paramount to save the greatest number of lives. It enables to allocate scarce resources in priority to those with the highest probability of benefiting from them. It is fully ethical provided it relies on objective and widely shared criteria, thus preventing arbitrary decisions and guaranteeing equity. Prioritisation seeks to fairly allocate treatments, maximise saved lives, gain indirect life benefits from prioritising exposed healthcare and similar workers, give priority to those most penalised as a last resort, and apply similar prioritisation schemes to all patients. Prioritisation schemes and their criteria are adjusted to the level of resource scarcity: strain (level A) or saturation (level B). Prioritisation yields a four level priority for initiation or continuation of critical care: P1-high priority, P2-intermediate priority, P3-not needed, P4-not appropriate. Prioritisation schemes take into account the patient's wishes, clinical frailty, pre-existing chronic condition, along with severity and evolution of acute condition. Initial priority level must be reassessed, at least after 48h once missing decision elements are available, at the typical turning point in the disease's natural history (ICU days 7 to 10 for COVID-19), and each time resource scarcity levels change. For treatments to be withheld or withdrawn, a collegial decision-making process and information of patient and/or next of kin are paramount. Prioritisation strategy is bound to evolve with new knowledge and with changes within the epidemiological situation."}, {"pmid": 32388934, "title": "[Scenario-based study of medical resource requirement rapid assessment under the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, T", "Wu, H T", "Wang, L H", "Yang, W Z"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388934", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: COVID-19 outbreak is still under global pandemic. China is facing the risks of importation and local rebound of COVID-19. Under the circumstances, preparations for medical resources are in urgently needed. Methods: Based on current understanding of the disease, we set up five scenarios and use the infectious disease transmission dynamic and pandemic theoretical static models to evaluate the demand for medical resources. Results: Different epidemic strength and strategies of disease control and prevention resulted in different levels of medical resource request, and active control strategy and effective measures could significantly decrease the requirement. During the epidemic rising phase, the cost of prevention and control measures and the requirement of professional response capacities would increase with potential high risk of medical resource demand sharply increasing. Conclusion: Regions with different economic level, population scale, and different prevention and control capabilities should all initiate scientific assessment of medical resource requirement under emergency response and prepare for possible future rebound and epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32349033, "title": "Novel biosensor platforms for the detection of coronavirus infection and SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Liang, Kung-Hao", "Chang, Tai-Jay", "Wang, Mong-Lien", "Tsai, Ping-Hsing", "Lin, Ta-Hsien", "Wang, Chin-Tien", "Yang, De-Ming"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349033", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been causing respiratory diseases globally, damaging wide-ranges of social-economical activities. This virus is transmitted through personal contact and possibly also through ambient air. Effective biosensor platforms for the detection of this virus and the related host response are in urgent demand. These platforms can facilitate routine diagnostic assays in certified clinical labs. They can also be integrated into point-of-care products. Furthermore, environmental biosensors can be designed to detect SARS-CoV-2 in the ambient air or in the intensive care ventilators. Here, we evaluate technical components of biosensors, including the biological targets of recognition, the recognition methods and the signal amplification and transduction systems. Effective SARS-CoV-2 detectors can be designed by adequate combination of these technologies."}, {"pmid": 32376100, "pmcid": "PMC7167570", "title": "COVID-19: Challenges and Opportunities for Educators and Generation Z Learners.", "journal": "Mayo Clin Proc", "authors": ["Marshall, Ariela L", "Wolanskyj-Spinner, Alexandra"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376100", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398552, "title": "Editorial: Postcards from War Zones-Personal Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Orthop Relat Res", "authors": ["Leopold, Seth S", "Dobbs, Matthew B"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398552", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313406, "pmcid": "PMC7166093", "title": "COVID 19 Outbreak: Potential of Biochemistry Speciality.", "journal": "Indian J Clin Biochem", "authors": ["Ahirwar, Ashok Kumar", "Asia, Priyanka", "Sakarde, Apurva", "Bhardwaj, Shilpa"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313406", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379345, "pmcid": "PMC7267169", "title": "Is it too premature to recommend against laparoscopic emergency surgery in COVID-19 patients?", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Yeo, C", "Yeo, D", "Kaushal, S", "Ahmed, S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379345", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236089, "title": "Respiratory physiotherapy in patients with COVID-19 infection in acute setting: a Position Paper of the Italian Association of Respiratory Physiotherapists (ARIR).", "journal": "Monaldi Arch Chest Dis", "authors": ["Lazzeri, Marta", "Lanza, Andrea", "Bellini, Raffaella", "Bellofiore, Angela", "Cecchetto, Simone", "Colombo, Alessia", "D'Abrosca, Francesco", "Del Monaco, Cesare", "Gaudiello, Giuseppe", "Paneroni, Mara", "Privitera, Emilia", "Retucci, Mariangela", "Rossi, Veronica", "Santambrogio, Martina", "Sommariva, Maurizio", "Frigerio, Pamela"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236089", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Respiratory physiotherapy in patients with COVID-19 infection in acute setting: a Position Paper of the Italian Association of Respiratory Physiotherapists (ARIR) On February 2020, Italy, especially the northern regions, was hit by an epidemic of the new SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus that spread from China between December 2019 and January 2020. The entire healthcare system had to respond promptly in a very short time to an exponential growth of the number of subjects affected by COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) with the need of semi-intensive and intensive care units."}, {"pmid": 32273603, "title": "Functionally assessing coronavirus entry.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Stower, Hannah"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273603", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439289, "pmcid": "PMC7252038", "title": "Active smoking and COVID-19: a double-edged sword.", "journal": "Eur J Intern Med", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian", "Henry, Brandon Michael"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439289", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323908, "pmcid": "PMC7264783", "title": "Medical genetics education in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic: Shared resources.", "journal": "Am J Med Genet A", "authors": ["Regier, Debra S", "Smith, Wendy E", "Byers, Heather M"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323908", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is appropriate that our focus is on patient care and preparation. However, the genetics community is well poised to fill in the educational gap created by medical students transitioning to limiting patient contact, creation of telemedicine patient care, and online learning modules. Our history of agility in learning and teaching is now only inhibited by the time constraints of current clinical demands on the genetics community. This publication is designed to offer ideas and resources for quickly transitioning our education to meet the current demands in the time of a pandemic. Not only will this allow us to continue our strong history of education, it will enhance our strong commitment to using modern educational techniques and tools to address the genetics workforce issues that have defined the recent past. We have the opportunity to aggressively educate for trainees that now have the capacity to learn, and to lead the way in showing how the genetics community rallies together no matter the challenge."}, {"pmid": 32496257, "title": "Assessing health systems' responsiveness in tackling COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Neogi, Sutapa Bandyopadhyay", "Preetha, G S"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496257", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Health systems' responsiveness is the key to addressing infectious disease threats such as pandemics. The article outlines an assessment of health systems based on World Health Organization's building blocks for select countries. It also compares these with the findings from a more comprehensive analysis of Global Health Security (GHS) Index, which assesses the preparedness of the health system for such pandemics. The GHS report (2019) spelt out very objectively that none of the countries of the world was prepared to effectively handle such emergencies, should they arise. Observations emerging from different countries highlight these findings although some of them seem to be discordant. Overall, it appears that Asian countries could fight the battle better than most developed nations in the Europe and America during the current pandemic, despite having poor GHS scores. Experiences of these countries in facing similar crisis in the past probably sensitized their strained health systems for a greater good. There are several lessons to be learned from such countries."}, {"pmid": 32327007, "pmcid": "PMC7211801", "title": "Going to the COVID-19 Gemba: Using observation and high reliability strategies to achieve safety in a time of crisis.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Thull-Freedman, Jennifer", "Mondoux, Shawn", "Stang, Antonia", "Chartier, Lucas B"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327007", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360211, "pmcid": "PMC7189834", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease.", "journal": "Metabolism", "authors": ["Hussain, Abdulzahra", "Vasas, Peter", "El-Hasani, Shamsi"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360211", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345566, "pmcid": "PMC7166028", "title": "Economic Recovery After the COVID-19 Pandemic: Resuming Elective Orthopedic Surgery and Total Joint Arthroplasty.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["O'Connor, Casey M", "Anoushiravani, Afshin A", "DiCaprio, Matthew R", "Healy, William L", "Iorio, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345566", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The economic effects of the COVID-19 crisis are not like anything the U.S. health care system has ever experienced. As we begin to emerge from the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, we need to plan the sustainable resumption of elective procedures. We must first ensure the safety of our patients and surgical staff. It must be a priority to monitor the availability of supplies for the continued care of patients suffering from COVID-19. As we resume elective orthopedic surgery and total joint arthroplasty, we must begin to reduce expenses by renegotiating vendor contracts, use ambulatory surgery centers and hospital\u00a0outpatient departments in a safe and effective manner, adhere to strict evidence-based and\u00a0COVID-19-adjusted practices, and incorporate telemedicine and other technology platforms when feasible for health care systems and orthopedic groups to survive economically. The return to normalcy will be slow and may be different than what we are accustomed to, but we must work together to plan a transition to a more sustainable health care reality which accommodates a COVID-19 world. Our goal should be using these lessons to achieve a healthy and successful 2021 fiscal year."}, {"pmid": 32369431, "title": "Otolaryngologists' Role in Redeployment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Commentary.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Shipchandler, Taha Z", "Nesemeier, B Ryan", "Schmalbach, Cecelia E", "Ting, Jonathan Y"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369431", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As otolaryngologists, we identify as subspecialists and fellowship-trained surgeons and may even identify as \"super-subspecialists.\" The likelihood of being redeployed and drawing from knowledge learned during our postgraduate year 1 training seemed exceedingly unlikely until physician resources became scarce in some health care systems during the COVID-19 pandemic. More now than ever, it is evident that our broad training is valuable in helping patients and allowing the otolaryngologist to meaningfully contribute to the larger health care community, especially while the majority (70%-95%) of elective care is delayed. With our skill set, otolaryngologists are poised to support various aspects of hospital wards, intensive care units, emergency departments, and beyond."}, {"pmid": 32088947, "title": "[Consideration on the strategies during epidemic stage changing from emergency response to continuous prevention and control].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-02-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32088947", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32030925, "pmcid": "PMC7008073", "title": "The First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Imported into Korea from Wuhan, China: Implication for Infection Prevention and Control Measures.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Kim, Jin Yong", "Choe, Pyoeng Gyun", "Oh, Yoonju", "Oh, Kyung Joong", "Kim, Jinsil", "Park, So Jeong", "Park, Ji Hye", "Na, Hye Kyoung", "Oh, Myoung Don"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32030925", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a viral pneumonia outbreak caused by a novel betacoronavirus, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), began in Wuhan, China. We report the epidemiological and clinical features of the first patient with 2019-nCoV pneumonia imported into Korea from Wuhan. This report suggests that in the early phase of 2019-nCoV pneumonia, chest radiography would miss patients with pneumonia and highlights taking travel history is of paramount importance for early detection and isolation of 2019-nCoV cases."}, {"pmid": 32218558, "pmcid": "PMC7205510", "title": "Preparedness and Lessons Learned from the Novel Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "Int J Occup Environ Med", "authors": ["Gudi, Sai Krishna", "Tiwari, Komal Krishna"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32218558", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In a short span, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has captured global consciousness by significantly affecting the day-to-day life of humans and emerged as a public health emergency. Undoubtedly, it indicates that lessons learnt from the past epidemics of coronaviruses such as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), had not enough and thus left us ill-prepared to deal with the challenges that COVID-19 pandemic is currently posing. Currently, as a global pandemic, COVID-19 poses major challenges and thus forcing the entire world to lockdown. However, the disease has prepared humankind in facing such outbreaks at present as well as in the future. Besides, it has also taught numerous lessons that are worth considering and implementing to make the world a better reality."}, {"pmid": 32450263, "pmcid": "PMC7244426", "title": "Letter to editor - Can universal masking help with our recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Chiang, Cho-Hung", "Chiang, Cho-Hsien", "Chiang, Cho-Han"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450263", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459186, "pmcid": "PMC7265799", "title": "Flattening the Mental Health Curve: COVID-19 Stay-at-Home Orders Are Associated With Alterations in Mental Health Search Behavior in the United States.", "journal": "JMIR Ment Health", "authors": ["Jacobson, Nicholas C", "Lekkas, Damien", "Price, George", "Heinz, Michael V", "Song, Minkeun", "O'Malley, A James", "Barr, Paul J"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459186", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to dramatic changes worldwide in people's everyday lives. To combat the pandemic, many governments have implemented social distancing, quarantine, and stay-at-home orders. There is limited research on the impact of such extreme measures on mental health. The goal of this study was to examine whether stay-at-home orders produced differential changes in mental health symptoms using internet search queries on a national scale. In the United States, individual states vary in their adoption of measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19; as of March 23, 2020, 11 of the 50 states had issued stay-at-home orders. The staggered rollout of stay-at-home measures across the United States allows us to investigate whether these measures impact mental health by exploring variations in mental health search queries across the states. This paper examines the changes in mental health search queries on Google between March 16-23, 2020, across each state and Washington, DC. Specifically, this paper examines differential changes in mental health searches based on patterns of search activity following issuance of stay-at-home orders in these states compared to all other states. The participants were all the people who searched mental health terms in Google between March 16-23. Between March 16-23, 11 states underwent stay-at-home orders to prevent the transmission of COVID-19. Outcomes included search terms measuring anxiety, depression, obsessive-compulsive, negative thoughts, irritability, fatigue, anhedonia, concentration, insomnia, and suicidal ideation. Analyzing over 10 million search queries using generalized additive mixed models, the results suggested that the implementation of stay-at-home orders are associated with a significant flattening of the curve for searches for suicidal ideation, anxiety, negative thoughts, and sleep disturbances, with the most prominent flattening associated with suicidal ideation and anxiety. These results suggest that, despite decreased social contact, mental health search queries increased rapidly prior to the issuance of stay-at-home orders, and these changes dissipated following the announcement and enactment of these orders. Although more research is needed to examine sustained effects, these results suggest mental health symptoms were associated with an immediate leveling off following the issuance of stay-at-home orders."}, {"pmid": 32341943, "pmcid": "PMC7182532", "title": "Recommendations on the clinical management of the COVID-19 infection by the <<new coronavirus>> SARS-CoV2. Spanish Paediatric Association working group.", "journal": "An Pediatr (Engl Ed)", "authors": ["Calvo, Cristina", "Lopez-Hortelano, Milagros Garcia", "Vicente, Juan Carlos de Carlos", "Martinez, Jose Luis Vazquez"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341943", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On 31 December 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Committee of Health and Healthcare (Hubei Province, China) reported that there were 27 cases of pneumonia of unknown origin with symptoms starting on the 8 December. There were 7 serious cases with common exposure in market with shellfish, fish, and live animals, in the city of Wuhan. On 7 January 2020, the Chinese authorities identified that the agent causing the outbreak was a new type of virus of the Coronaviridae family, temporarily called \u00abnew coronavirus\u00bb, 2019-nCoV. On January 30th, 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared the outbreak an International Emergency. On 11 February 2020 the WHO assigned it the name of SARS-CoV2 and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2 and COVID-19). The Ministry of Health summoned the Specialties Societies to prepare a clinical protocol for the management of COVID-19. The Spanish Paediatric Association appointed a Working Group of the Societies of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Paediatric Intensive Care to prepare the present recommendations with the evidence available at the time of preparing them."}, {"pmid": 32403011, "pmcid": "PMC7198396", "title": "Case fatality rate in patients with COVID-19 infection and its relationship with length of follow up.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Giorgi Rossi, Paolo", "Broccoli, Serena", "Angelini, Paola"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403011", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330404, "title": "Can Transdermal Photobiomodulation Help Us at the Time of COVID-19?", "journal": "Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg", "authors": ["Dominguez, Angela", "Velasquez, Sergio Andres", "David, Mario Alejandro"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330404", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472706, "title": "The Long-Standing History of Corynebacterium Parvum, Immunity and Viruses.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Palmieri, Beniamino", "Vadala, Maria", "Roncati, Luca", "Garelli, Andrea", "Scandone, Francesco", "Bondi, Moreno", "Cermelli, Claudio"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472706", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a review of all the experimental and clinical studies performed in the last 60 years on the antiviral activity of inactivated Corynebacterium Parvum (Cutibacterium acnes). This bacterium has been originally investigated and used for its oncolytic properties linked to immunomodulating activity, but the interest to successfully prevent and treat bacterial, fungal and viral infections and lethality, uprising the innate immunity barriers produced many experimental models and very few clinical studies. The dramatic defenceless situation due to impending CoViD-19 pandemic claims to exhume and highlight this aspecific strategy in preventive and therapeutic settings; as a matter of fact no new or mutated virus can potentially escape to this strong innate immune surveillance strengthened by adequate C.parvum protocols. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32360389, "pmcid": "PMC7187822", "title": "Programmatic Responses to the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Survey of 502 Cardiac Surgeons.", "journal": "Ann Thorac Surg", "authors": ["Seese, Laura", "Aranda-Michel, Edgar", "Sultan, Ibrahim", "Morell, Victor O", "Mathier, Michael A", "Mulukutla, Suresh R", "Saba, Samir", "Dueweke, Eric J", "Levenson, Joshua E", "Kilic, Arman"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360389", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32087122, "pmcid": "PMC7159294", "title": "Statement in support of the scientists, public health professionals, and medical professionals of China combatting COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Calisher, Charles", "Carroll, Dennis", "Colwell, Rita", "Corley, Ronald B", "Daszak, Peter", "Drosten, Christian", "Enjuanes, Luis", "Farrar, Jeremy", "Field, Hume", "Golding, Josie", "Gorbalenya, Alexander", "Haagmans, Bart", "Hughes, James M", "Karesh, William B", "Keusch, Gerald T", "Lam, Sai Kit", "Lubroth, Juan", "Mackenzie, John S", "Madoff, Larry", "Mazet, Jonna", "Palese, Peter", "Perlman, Stanley", "Poon, Leo", "Roizman, Bernard", "Saif, Linda", "Subbarao, Kanta", "Turner, Mike"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087122", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464367, "pmcid": "PMC7204734", "title": "The neurology of COVID-19 revisited: A proposal from the Environmental Neurology Specialty Group of the World Federation of Neurology to implement international neurological registries.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Roman, Gustavo C", "Spencer, Peter S", "Reis, Jacques", "Buguet, Alain", "Faris, Mostafa El Alaoui", "Katrak, Sarosh M", "Lainez, Miguel", "Medina, Marco Tulio", "Meshram, Chandrashekhar", "Mizusawa, Hidehiro", "Ozturk, Serefnur", "Wasay, Mohammad"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464367", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A comprehensive review of the neurological disorders reported during the current COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates that infection with SARS-CoV-2 affects the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the muscle. CNS manifestations include: headache and decreased responsiveness considered initial indicators of potential neurological involvement; anosmia, hyposmia, hypogeusia, and dysgeusia are frequent early symptoms of coronavirus infection. Respiratory failure, the lethal manifestation of COVID-19, responsible for 264,679 deaths worldwide, is probably neurogenic in origin and may result from the viral invasion of cranial nerve I, progressing into rhinencephalon and brainstem respiratory centers. Cerebrovascular disease, in particular large-vessel ischemic strokes, and less frequently cerebral venous thrombosis, intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage, usually occur as part of a thrombotic state induced by viral attachment to ACE2 receptors in endothelium causing widespread endotheliitis, coagulopathy, arterial and venous thromboses. Acute hemorrhagic necrotizing encephalopathy is associated to the cytokine storm. A frontal hypoperfusion syndrome has been identified. There are isolated reports of seizures, encephalopathy, meningitis, encephalitis, and myelitis. The neurological diseases affecting the PNS and muscle in COVID-19 are less frequent and include Guillain-Barr\u00e9 syndrome; Miller Fisher syndrome; polyneuritis cranialis; and rare instances of viral myopathy with rhabdomyolysis. The main conclusion of this review is the pressing need to define the neurology of COVID-19, its frequency, manifestations, neuropathology and pathogenesis. On behalf of the World Federation of Neurology we invite national and regional neurological associations to create local databases to report cases with neurological manifestations observed during the on-going pandemic. International neuroepidemiological collaboration may help define the natural history of this worldwide problem."}, {"pmid": 32351206, "title": "Insomnia and psychological reactions during the COVID-19 outbreak in China.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Li, Yun", "Qin, Qingsong", "Sun, Qimeng", "Sanford, Larry D", "Vgontzas, Alexandros N", "Tang, Xiangdong"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32351206", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362452, "pmcid": "PMC7184007", "title": "The importance of olfactory and gustatory disorders as early symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Vaira, Luigi Angelo", "Salzano, Giovanni", "De Riu, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362452", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349009, "title": "Innovations in Education in Response to COVID-19: Online Medication Commercials.", "journal": "Nurse Educ", "authors": ["Stuckey, Lanette", "Wright, Ariel"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349009", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32458383, "pmcid": "PMC7250245", "title": "On barring the vascular gateway against severe COVID-19 disease.", "journal": "Cell Stress Chaperones", "authors": ["Perdrizet, George", "Hightower, Lawrence E"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458383", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32300971, "pmcid": "PMC7160614", "title": "A diagnostic model for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on radiological semantic and clinical features: a multi-center study.", "journal": "Eur Radiol", "authors": ["Chen, Xiaofeng", "Tang, Yanyan", "Mo, Yongkang", "Li, Shengkai", "Lin, Daiying", "Yang, Zhijian", "Yang, Zhiqi", "Sun, Hongfu", "Qiu, Jinming", "Liao, Yuting", "Xiao, Jianning", "Chen, Xiangguang", "Wu, Xianheng", "Wu, Renhua", "Dai, Zhuozhi"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32300971", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid and accurate diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is critical during the epidemic. We aim to identify differences in CT imaging and clinical manifestations between pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19, and to develop and validate a diagnostic model for COVID-19 based on radiological semantic and clinical features alone. A consecutive cohort of 70 COVID-19 and 66 non-COVID-19 pneumonia patients were retrospectively recruited from five institutions. Patients were divided into primary (n\u2009=\u200998) and validation (n\u2009=\u200938) cohorts. The chi-square test, Student's t test, and Kruskal-Wallis H test were performed, comparing 1745 lesions and 67 features in the two groups. Three models were constructed using radiological semantic and clinical features through multivariate logistic regression. Diagnostic efficacies of developed models were quantified by receiver operating characteristic curve. Clinical usage was evaluated by decision curve analysis and nomogram. Eighteen radiological semantic features and seventeen clinical features were identified to be significantly different. Besides ground-glass opacities (p\u2009=\u20090.032) and consolidation (p\u2009=\u20090.001) in the lung periphery, the lesion size (1-3\u00a0cm) is also significant for the diagnosis of COVID-19 (p\u2009=\u20090.027). Lung score presents no significant difference (p\u2009=\u20090.417). Three diagnostic models achieved an area under the curve value as high as 0.986 (95% CI 0.966~1.000). The clinical and radiological semantic models provided a better diagnostic performance and more considerable net benefits. Based on CT imaging and clinical manifestations alone, the pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19 can be distinguished. A model composed of radiological semantic and clinical features has an excellent performance for the diagnosis of COVID-19. \u2022 Based on CT imaging and clinical manifestations alone, the pneumonia patients with and without COVID-19 can be distinguished. \u2022 A diagnostic model for COVID-19 was developed and validated using radiological semantic and clinical features, which had an area under the curve value of 0.986 (95% CI 0.966~1.000) and 0.936 (95% CI 0.866~1.000) in the primary and validation cohorts, respectively."}, {"pmid": 32421882, "title": "Guidance on the management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in the exceptional circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Diabet Med", "authors": ["Rayman, G", "Lumb, A", "Kennon, B", "Cottrell, C", "Nagi, D", "Page, E", "Voigt, D", "Courtney, H", "Atkins, H", "Platts, J", "Higgins, K", "Dhatariya, K", "Patel, M", "Narendran, P", "Kar, P", "Newland-Jones, P", "Stewart, R", "Burr, O", "Thomas, S"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434769, "title": "Viropathic multinuclear syncytial giant cells in bronchial fluid from a patient with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Stadlmann, Sylvia", "Hein-Kuhnt, Robert", "Singer, Gad"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434769", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393680, "title": "Incomplete Kawasaki Disease in a Child with Covid-19.", "journal": "Indian Pediatr", "authors": ["Rivera-Figueroa, Elvia I", "Santos, Roberto", "Simpson, Scott", "Garg, Padma"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393680", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380026, "pmcid": "PMC7196893", "title": "Rapid Implementation of an Adult Coronavirus Disease 2019 Unit in a Children's Hospital.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Philips, Kaitlyn", "Uong, Audrey", "Buckenmyer, Tara", "Cabana, Michael D", "Hsu, Daphne", "Katyal, Chhavi", "O'Connor, Katherine", "Shiminski-Maher, Tania", "Hametz, Patricia"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380026", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe the rapid implementation of an adult coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) unit using pediatric physician and nurse providers in a children's hospital and to examine the characteristics and outcomes of the first 100 adult patients admitted. We describe our approach to surge-in-place at a children's hospital to meet the local demands of the COVID-19 pandemic. Instead of redeploying pediatric providers to work with internist-led teams throughout a medical center, pediatric physicians and nurses organized and staffed a 40-bed adult COVID-19 treatment unit within a children's hospital. We adapted internal medicine protocols, developed screening criteria to select appropriate patients for admission, and reorganized staffing and equipment to accommodate adult patients with COVID-19. We used patient counts and descriptive statistics to report sociodemographic, system, and clinical outcomes. The median patient age was 46\u00a0years; 69% were male. On admission, 78 (78%) required oxygen supplementation. During hospitalization, 13 (13%) eventually were intubated. Of the first 100 patients, 14 are still admitted to a medical unit, 6 are in the intensive care unit, 74 have been discharged, 4 died after transfer to the intensive care unit, and 2 died on the unit. The median length of stay for discharged or deceased patients was 4\u00a0days (IQR 2, 7). Our pediatric team screened, admitted, and cared for hospitalized adults by leveraging the familiarity of our system, adaptability of our staff, and high-quality infrastructure. This experience may be informative for other healthcare systems that will be redeploying pediatric providers and nurses to address a regional COVID-19 surge elsewhere."}, {"pmid": 32383963, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: Review of the Literature and Proposal for Safe Autopsy Practice.", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Aquila, Isabella", "Sacco, Matteo Antonio", "Abenavoli, Ludovico", "Malara, Natalia", "Arena, Vincenzo", "Grassi, Simone", "Ausania, Francesco", "Boccuto, Luigi", "Ricci, Cristoforo", "Gratteri, Santo", "Oliva, Antonio", "Ricci, Pietrantonio"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383963", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Context: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is significantly changing methodological approaches in all branches of the health system. From a forensic point of view, this event is partly changing the manner in which forensic pathologists and all those who work in autopsy services operate, but above all, it is changing the patterns established for years by which cadavers were analysed postmortem. Objective: To present a review of the literature and a proposal for COVID autopsy protocols. To contain the infection risk, a revision of all the protocols that until now have been applied to the examination of bodies that require autopsy services is required. Data source: Currently, the diagnosis and postmortem analysis of positive or suspected COVID-19 cases plays a crucial role in scientific research. A review of the main recommendations proposed by international scientific societies regarding the risk of infection during autopsy has been carried out. Scientific papers currently available via the PubMed NCBI search engine on COVID-19 postmortem diagnosis were also examined. Discussion: Throughout the history of medicine, the role of autopsy has been fundamental to the understanding of multiple pathogenic processes that are investigated postmortem through autopsy. The purpose of the study is to propose an operating protocol that can be useful for all clinical and forensic autopsies with particular reference to the correct methods to be applied to the examination of positive or suspected COVID-19 cases regarding both the autopsy procedure and the collection and analysis of biological samples."}, {"pmid": 32414765, "title": "Covid-19: Questions remain over UK government's PPE guidance.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Puntis, John"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414765", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312022, "title": "Consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 on international medical graduates and students applying to residencies in the United States.", "journal": "Korean J Med Educ", "authors": ["Park, Jewel", "Rhim, Hye Chang"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312022", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32519085, "title": "Facebook, Instagram, Reddit and TikTok: a proposal for health authorities to integrate popular social media platforms in contingency planning amid a global pandemic outbreak.", "journal": "Can J Public Health", "authors": ["Eghtesadi, Marzieh", "Florea, Adrian"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32519085", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a new severe respiratory coronavirus infection (COVID-19) was detected and has since spread across the globe to be ultimately declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. For physicians and allied medical professionals, the period since has been marked by an increased and rapidly changing flow of information from multiple regional, national and international health authorities, regulating bodies and professional associations. Although social media platforms have an active presence in the instant dissemination of information and medical professionals display active participation in them, traditional channels such as email are still being emphasized as a means of communication. This article discusses the opportunities offered by social media platforms such as Facebook, Reddit and TikTok to disseminate medical information both for the use of physicians and as a means to communicate essential information to the public at large."}, {"pmid": 32362733, "pmcid": "PMC7194550", "title": "Minimising aerosol generation during orthopaedic surgical procedures- Current practice to protect theatre staff during Covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Raghavan, Roshan", "Middleton, Paul R", "Mehdi, Ali"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362733", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238197, "pmcid": "PMC7156546", "title": "Just the Facts: Protecting frontline clinicians during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "CJEM", "authors": ["Atkinson, Paul", "French, James", "Lang, Eddy", "McColl, Tamara", "Mazurik, Laurie"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238197", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is no patient emergency more important than protecting health care workers during a pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32112549, "title": "[Medical diagnosis and treatment strategies for malignant tumors of the digestive system during the outbreak of COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhang, Y", "Xu, J M"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112549", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019, the diagnosis and treatment of patients with cancer have been facing great challenges. Although oncologists are not fighting on the front line to against the epidemic, during this special period, we should not only protect patients, their families and medical staff from the infection of novel coronavirus, but also minimize the impact of the epidemic on the diagnosis and the treatment of patients with cancer. Combining the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of tumors with our clinical experience, in this epidemic period, we discuss the strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of malignant tumors of the digestive system in this article."}, {"pmid": 32221979, "title": "Videolaryngoscopy increases 'mouth-to-mouth' distance compared with direct laryngoscopy.", "journal": "Anaesthesia", "authors": ["Hall, D", "Steel, A", "Heij, R", "Eley, A", "Young, P"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472486, "pmcid": "PMC7259430", "title": "Americans' COVID-19 Stress, Coping, and Adherence to CDC Guidelines.", "journal": "J Gen Intern Med", "authors": ["Park, Crystal L", "Russell, Beth S", "Fendrich, Michael", "Finkelstein-Fox, Lucy", "Hutchison, Morica", "Becker, Jessica"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472486", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Documenting Americans' stress responses to an unprecedented pandemic and their degree of adherence to CDC guidelines is essential for mental health interventions and policy-making. To provide the first snapshot of immediate impact of COVID-19 on Americans' stress, coping, and guideline adherence. Data were collected from an online workers' platform for survey research (Amazon's Mechanical Turk) from April 7 to 9, 2020. The current data represents the baseline of a longitudinal study. Best practices for ensuring high-quality data were employed. Individuals who are 18 years of age or older, living in the USA, and English-speaking were eligible for the study. Of 1086 unique responses, 1015 completed responses are included. Population-based. Exposure to and stressfulness of COVID-19 stressors, coping strategies, and adherence to CDC guidelines. The sample was 53.9% women (n = 547), with an average age of 38.9 years (SD = 13.50, range = 18-88), most of whom were White (n = 836, 82.4%), non-Hispanic (n = 929, 91.5%), and straight/heterosexual (n = 895, 88.2%); 40% were currently married (n = 407), and 21.6% (n = 219) were caregivers. About half (50.5%) endorsed having at least \"mostly\" enough money to meet their needs. Respondents' locations across the USA ranged from 18.5% in the Northeast to 37.8% in the South. The most commonly experienced stressors were reading/hearing about the severity and contagiousness of COVID-19, uncertainty about length of quarantine and social distancing requirements, and changes to social and daily personal care routines. Financial concerns were rated most stressful. Younger age, female gender, and caregiver status increased risk for stressor exposure and greater degree of stressfulness. The most frequently reported strategies to manage stress were distraction, active coping, and seeking emotional social support. CDC guideline adherence was generally high, but several key social distancing and hygiene behaviors showed suboptimal adherence, particularly for men and younger adults. Americans have high COVID-19 stress exposure and some demographic subgroups appear particularly vulnerable to stress effects. Subgroups less likely to adhere to CDC guidelines may benefit from targeted information campaigns. these findings may guide mental health interventions and inform policy-making regarding implications of specific public health measures."}, {"pmid": 32492721, "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic and Role of Human Saliva as a Testing Biofluid in Point-of-Care Technology.", "journal": "Eur J Dent", "authors": ["Hamid, Hiba", "Khurshid, Zohaib", "Adanir, Necdet", "Zafar, Muhammad S", "Zohaib, Sana"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492721", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has termed as a controllable pandemic, and the entire world has come to a standstill trying to mitigate the disease with health systems. Health care providers, around the globe, are fighting day and night. Currently, rapid testing is taking place with the help of nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal swab, bronchoalveolar lavage, sputum, urine, and blood. All these approaches are invasive or embarrassing to the infected person. It is observed that salivary glands are hosting severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) because of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 and the detection of high viral loads in the saliva and is playing a crucial role in virus transmission, especially from individuals showing absolutely no symptoms. Saliva is proving to be a promising noninvasive sample specimen for the diagnosis of COVID-19, thus helping to monitor the infection and prevent it from further spreading by prompt isolation."}, {"pmid": 32412125, "pmcid": "PMC7273095", "title": "Androgen sensitivity gateway to COVID-19 disease severity.", "journal": "Drug Dev Res", "authors": ["Wambier, Carlos Gustavo", "Goren, Andy", "Vano-Galvan, Sergio", "Ramos, Paulo Muller", "Ossimetha, Angelina", "Nau, Gerard", "Herrera, Sabina", "McCoy, John"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412125", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this communication, we present arguments for androgen sensitivity as a likely determinant of COVID-19 disease severity. The androgen sensitivity model explains why males are more likely to develop severe symptoms while children are ostensibly resistant to infection. Further, the model explains the difference in COVID-19 mortality rates among different ethnicities. Androgen sensitivity is determined by genetic variants of the androgen receptor. The androgen receptor regulates transcription of the transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2), which is required for SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. TMPRSS2 primes the Spike protein of the virus, which has two consequences: diminishing viral recognition by neutralizing antibodies and activating SARS-CoV-2 for virus-cell fusion. Genetic variants that have been associated with androgenetic alopecia, prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia and polycystic ovary syndrome could be associated with host susceptibility. In addition to theoretical epidemiological and molecular mechanisms, there are reports of high rates of androgenetic alopecia of from hospitalized COVID-19 patients due to severe symptoms. Androgen sensitivity is a likely determinant of COVID-19 disease severity. We believe that the evidence presented in this communication warrants the initiation of trials using anti-androgen agents."}, {"pmid": 32409490, "title": "Ethics in a time of coronavirus.", "journal": "J Med Ethics", "authors": ["Boyd, Kenneth"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409490", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472664, "title": "Covid-19 and urology.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Dasgupta, Prokar"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472664", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32122430, "pmcid": "PMC7200852", "title": "Identification of COVID-19 can be quicker through artificial intelligence framework using a mobile phone-based survey when cities and towns are under quarantine.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Srinivasa Rao, Arni S R", "Vazquez, Jose A"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122430", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We propose the use of a machine learning algorithm to improve possible COVID-19 case identification more quickly using a mobile phone-based web survey. This method could reduce the spread of the virus in susceptible populations under quarantine."}, {"pmid": 32358556, "title": "Coronavirus in context: Scite.ai tracks positive and negative citations for COVID-19 literature.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Khamsi, Roxanne"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358556", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32514077, "title": "COVID-19 and fat embolism: a hypothesis to explain the severe clinical outcome in people with obesity.", "journal": "Int J Obes (Lond)", "authors": ["Cinti, Saverio", "Graciotti, Laura", "Giordano, Antonio", "Valerio, Alessandra", "Nisoli, Enzo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514077", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32533391, "title": "Study on the dynamic change law and correlation between CT imaging manifestations and cellular immunity of 2019 novel coronavirus disease.", "journal": "Jpn J Radiol", "authors": ["Yang, Minxia", "Mao, Haijia", "Chen, Lujiao", "Zhao, Li", "Lv, Sangying", "Huang, Yanan", "Chen, Bo", "Wei, Mingzhu", "Wu, Guanzuan", "Zhang, Bingqian", "Sun, Xuedong", "Zhou, Guozhong", "Li, Minhui", "Zhao, Zhenhua"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533391", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To explore the dynamic changes and correlation between CT imaging manifestations and cellular immunity of COVID-19. This retrospective review analyzed 23 patients with COVID-19, including 13 males and 10 females aged 27-70\u00a0years, with an average age of 48\u00a0years. Patients were divided into two groups: group A with 11 critical-severe patients, and group B with 12 common-mild patients. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were collected and analyzed. LYM, LYM (%), CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ decreased, while NEU (%), CRP, and CT scores increased in all patients, WBC in group A increased. In group A, on day 10-12 after disease onset, CT scores and CRP reached the highest point, and day 13-15 LYM, LYM (%) reached the lowest but NEU (%) and WBC reached the highest, CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ were at the lowest on day 10-15. In group B, on day 7-9, CT scores, NEU (%) and CRP reached the peak, but LYM, LYM (%), CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ reached the lowest. In all patients, CT scores had a significantly negative correlation with CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, LYM (%), and LYM (p\u2009=\u20090.001, r\u2009=\u2009-\u00a00.797; p\u2009=\u20090.008, r\u2009=\u2009- 0.698; p\u2009=\u20090.002, r\u2009=\u2009- 0.775; p\u2009<\u20090.001, r\u2009=\u2009- 0.785; p\u2009=\u20090.021, r\u2009=\u2009- 0.571, respectively), and a significantly positive correlation with WBC and NEU (%) (p\u2009<\u20090.001, r\u2009=\u20090.785; p\u2009=\u20090.003, r\u2009=\u20090.691, respectively). Dynamic changes of CT manifestations and cellular immunity of patients with COVID-19 were regular and correlation was high between these two parameters."}, {"pmid": 32267002, "pmcid": "PMC7262254", "title": "Mask is the possible key for self-isolation in COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhou, Zhiguo", "Yue, Dongsheng", "Mu, Chenlu", "Zhang, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267002", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464095, "pmcid": "PMC7203029", "title": "Preying on Public Fears and Anxieties in a Pandemic: Businesses Selling Unproven and Unlicensed \"Stem Cell Treatments\" for COVID-19.", "journal": "Cell Stem Cell", "authors": ["Turner, Leigh"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464095", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the midst of a global public health emergency, some businesses are taking advantage of widespread fears by marketing purported stem cell treatments for COVID-19. Such businesses target prospective clients with misleading claims, expose patients to potentially risky stem cell-based products, and undermine efforts to develop evidence-based treatments for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32381503, "title": "Covid-19: Nightingale hospitals set to shut down after seeing few patients.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381503", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32156648, "pmcid": "PMC7102618", "title": "2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak: A new challenge.", "journal": "J Glob Antimicrob Resist", "authors": ["Lupia, Tommaso", "Scabini, Silvia", "Mornese Pinna, Simone", "Di Perri, Giovanni", "De Rosa, Francesco Giuseppe", "Corcione, Silvia"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156648", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Following the public-health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 30 January 2020 and the recent outbreak caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) [officially renamed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)] in China and 29 other countries, we aimed to summarise the clinical aspects of the novelBetacoronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its possible clinical presentations together with suggested therapeutic algorithms for patients who may require antimicrobial treatment. The currently available literature was reviewed for microbiologically confirmed infections by 2019-nCoV or COVID-19 at the time of writing (13 February 2020). A literature search was performed using the PubMed database and Cochrane Library. Search terms included 'novel coronavirus' or '2019-nCoV' or 'COVID-19'. Published cases occurred mostly in males (age range, 8-92 years). Cardiovascular, digestive and endocrine system diseases were commonly reported, except previous chronic pulmonary diseases [e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, bronchiectasis] that were surprisingly underreported. Fever was present in all of the case series available, flanked by cough, dyspnoea, myalgia and fatigue. Multiple bilateral lobular and subsegmental areas of consolidation or bilateral ground-glass opacities were the main reported radiological features of 2019-nCoV infection, at least in the early phases of the disease. The new 2019-nCoV epidemic is mainly associated with respiratory disease and few extrapulmonary signs. However, there is a low rate of associated pre-existing respiratory co-morbidities."}, {"pmid": 32240580, "title": "Thinking Globally, Acting Locally - The U.S. Response to Covid-19.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Haffajee, Rebecca L", "Mello, Michelle M"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32240580", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296777, "pmcid": "PMC7147223", "title": "Mesenchymal stem cells and management of COVID-19 pneumonia.", "journal": "Med Drug Discov", "authors": ["Metcalfe, Su M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296777", "countries": ["Italy", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Japan", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Human coronavirus, hCoV-19, is highly pathogenic with severe pneumonia associated with rapid virus replication. Arising in Wuhan China December 2019, the current COVID-19 epidemic has rapidly grown with person-to-person infection expanding to become a global health emergency now on pandemic scale. Governments will not be able to minimise both deaths from COVID-19 and the economic impact of viral spread in mitigation of this current COVID-19 pandemic, according to Anderson et al. 2020 [1], Keeping mortality as low as possible will be the highest priority for individuals; hence governments must put in place measures to ameliorate the inevitable economic downturn. The current global picture shows small chains of transmission in many countries and large chains resulting in extensive spread in a few countries, such as Italy, Iran, South Korea, and Japan. Most countries are likely to have spread of COVID-19, at least in the early stages, before any mitigation measures have an impact. The scale of the problem is massive. Here I consider new approaches to improve patient's biological resistance to COVID-19 using stem cells, and how benefit might be scaled and simplified using synthetic stem cells to meet logistical needs within a short time frame."}, {"pmid": 32438898, "title": "COVID-19, Australia: Epidemiology Report 15 (Reporting week to 23:59 AEST 10 May 2020).", "journal": "Commun Dis Intell (2018)", "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438898", "countries": ["Brazil", "Australia", "India"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Confirmed cases in Australia notified up to 10 May 2020: notifications = 6,971; deaths = 98. The incidence of new cases of COVID-19 has reduced dramatically since a peak in mid-March. The reduction in international travel, social distancing measures and public health action have likely been effective in slowing the spread of the disease, in the Australian community. Cases of COVID-19 continue to be notified by jurisdictions, albeit at a slowed rate. Testing rates over the past week have increased markedly, with a very low proportion of people testing positive. These low rates of detection are indicative of low levels of COVID-19 transmission. It is important that testing rates and community adherence to public health measures remain high to support the continued suppression of the virus, particularly in vulnerable high-risk groups and settings. In the past reporting week new cases in Australia are mostly considered to be locally acquired, consistent with the drop in international travel. Most locally-acquired cases can be linked back to a known case or cluster. Although the proportion of locally-acquired cases has increased, the overall rate of cases, regardless of place of acquisition, continues to decrease. The crude case fatality rate in Australia remains low (1.4%), compared with the WHO reported global rate (6.9%). The low case fatality rate is likely reflective of high case detection and high quality of health care services in Australia. Deaths from COVID-19 in Australia have occurred predominantly among the elderly and those with comorbidities, with no deaths occurring in those under 40 years. The highest rate of COVID-19 continues to be among people aged 60-79 years, with a third of these cases associated with several outbreaks linked to cruise ships. The lowest rate of disease is in young children, a pattern reflected in international reports. Internationally, cases continue to increase, with some areas such as Brazil and India showing a dramatic rise in reported cases. Although some low-income countries have currently reported few cases, it is possible that this is due to limited diagnostic and public health capacity, and may not be reflective of disease occurrence."}, {"pmid": 32491076, "title": "Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia and Cardiomyopathy: A Case Report.", "journal": "Arq Bras Cardiol", "authors": ["Huyut, Mustafa Ahmet"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491076", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292217, "pmcid": "PMC7131747", "title": "Opinion to address a potential personal protective equipment shortage in the global community during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Polym Degrad Stab", "authors": ["Dargaville, Tim", "Spann, Kirsten", "Celina, Mathew"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292217", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic is stretching the global supply situation for face masks and PPE beyond production capacity. This is a call for the R&D community, particularly in the polymer degradation and stability arena, to engage and collaborate with virology and bio-medical experts. We require comparative R&D for extended, reuse and recyclability options, as well as large scale approaches and methods that could quickly be applied on the local level by the public who are not experts and may only have limited resources."}, {"pmid": 32456846, "pmcid": "PMC7242955", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes: The why, the what and the how.", "journal": "J Diabetes Complications", "authors": ["Cuschieri, Sarah", "Grech, Stephan"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456846", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has taken the world by storm. Alongside COVID-19, diabetes is a long-standing global epidemic. The diabetes population has been reported to suffer adverse outcomes if infected by COVID-19. The aim was to summarise information and resources available on diabetes and COVID-19, highlighting special measures that individuals with diabetes need to follow. A search using keywords \"COVID-19\" and \"Diabetes\" was performed using different sources, including PubMed and World Health Organization. COVID-19 may enhance complications in individuals with diabetes through an imbalance in angiotension-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activation pathways leading to an inflammatory response. ACE2 imbalance in the pancreas causes acute \u03b2-cell dysfunction and a resultant hyperglycemic state. These individuals may be prone to worsened COVID-19 complications including vasculopathy, coagulopathy as well as psychological stress. Apart from general preventive measures, remaining hydrated, monitoring blood glucose regularly and monitoring ketone bodies in urine if on insulin is essential. All this while concurrently maintaining physical activity and a healthy diet. Different supporting entities are being set up to help this population. COVID-19 is a top priority. It is important to remember that a substantial proportion of the world's population is affected by other co-morbidities such as diabetes. These require special attention during this pandemic to avoid adding on to the burden of countries' healthcare systems."}, {"pmid": 32387333, "pmcid": "PMC7200356", "title": "Could nasal nitric oxide help to mitigate the severity of COVID-19?", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Martel, Jan", "Ko, Yun-Fei", "Young, John D", "Ojcius, David M"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387333", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The nasal cavity and turbinates play important physiological functions by filtering, warming and humidifying inhaled air. Paranasal sinuses continually produce nitric oxide (NO), a reactive oxygen species that diffuses to the bronchi and lungs to produce bronchodilatory and vasodilatory effects. Studies indicate that NO may also help to reduce respiratory tract infection by inactivating viruses and inhibiting their replication in epithelial cells. In view of the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), clinical trials have been designed to examine the effects of inhaled nitric oxide in COVID-19 subjects. We discuss here additional lifestyle factors such as mouth breathing which may affect the antiviral response against SARS-CoV-2 by bypassing the filtering effect of the nose and by decreasing NO levels in the airways. Simple devices that promote nasal breathing during sleep may help prevent the common cold, suggesting potential benefits against coronavirus infection. In the absence of effective treatments against COVID-19, the alternative strategies proposed here should be considered and studied in more detail."}, {"pmid": 32270559, "pmcid": "PMC7262150", "title": "Cardiac and arrhythmic complications in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol", "authors": ["Kochi, Adriano Nunes", "Tagliari, Ana Paula", "Forleo, Giovanni Battista", "Fassini, Gaetano Michele", "Tondo, Claudio"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270559", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, the world started to face a new pandemic situation, the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although coronavirus disease (COVID-19) clinical manifestations are mainly respiratory, major cardiac complications are being reported. Cardiac manifestations etiology seems to be multifactorial, comprising direct viral myocardial damage, hypoxia, hypotension, enhanced inflammatory status, ACE2-receptors downregulation, drug toxicity, endogenous catecholamine adrenergic status, among others. Studies evaluating patients with COVID-19 presenting cardiac injury markers show that it is associated with poorer outcomes, and arrhythmic events are not uncommon. Besides, drugs currently used to treat the COVID-19 are known to prolong the QT interval and can have a proarrhythmic propensity. This review focus on COVID-19 cardiac and arrhythmic manifestations and, in parallel, makes an appraisal of other virus epidemics as SARS-CoV, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, and H1N1 influenza."}, {"pmid": 32473051, "title": "Massive coronary thrombosis caused primary percutaneous coronary intervention to fail in a COVID-19 patient with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.", "journal": "Catheter Cardiovasc Interv", "authors": ["Seif, Sherif", "Ayuna, Ahmed", "Kumar, Abhishek", "Macdonald, John"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473051", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a new viral infection that has a significant impact on global health and economy. Because of its rapid spread worldwide, it may influence the prognosis of other medical conditions, such as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). We report a case of a 58-year female patient admitted with an infero-posterior STEMI on the background of recently positive COVID-19 swab. Reperfusion was attempted through primary PCI but unfortunately failed to restore coronary blood flow due to massive thrombotic burden despite several attempts of balloon dilatation and aspiration thrombectomy. She sadly died later on because of hemodynamic deterioration. This scenario raises concerns about Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETS) which might potentially have propagated inflammation and thrombosis via platelets' aggregation leading to enhanced coagulopathy and massive coronary thrombosis. Therefore, we suggest primary PCI as the first-choice of revascularization in patients with combined COVID-19 and STEMI. Additionally, we emphasize on the importance of using the potent new generation P2Y12 inhibitors along with GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors in every STEMI patient with COVID-19 to achieve favorable conditions for primary PCI as well as favorable outcomes after stent implantation."}, {"pmid": 32427138, "pmcid": "PMC7227567", "title": "COVID-19: How the Quarantine could lead to the Depreobesity.", "journal": "Obes Med", "authors": ["Mediouni, Mohamed", "Madiouni, Riadh", "Kaczor-Urbanowicz, Karolina Elzbieta"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427138", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper, we will introduce coronavirus (COVID-19) and how it spreads around the globe. We will also present the term of quarantine and associated with it requirement of locking down at home in some countries. We will study how frustration related to quarantine relates to several psychological problems including depression. This environment pushes people to consume high sugar foods that increase obesity. In conclusion, countries should be prepared for the upcoming epidemic (depreobesity)."}, {"pmid": 32452530, "title": "Abdominal fluid samples (negative for SARS-CoV-2) from a critically unwell patient with respiratory COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Flemming, S", "Hankir, M", "Hering, I", "Meybohm, P", "Krone, M", "Weissbrich, B", "Germer, C T", "Wiegering, A"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452530", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32497637, "pmcid": "PMC7263206", "title": "Analysis of Gastrointestinal and Hepatic Manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in 892 patients in Queens, NY.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Ferm, Samson", "Fisher, Constantine", "Pakala, Tina", "Tong, Michelle", "Shah, Disha", "Schwarzbaum, David", "Cooley, Victoria", "Hussain, Syed", "Kim, Sang Hoon"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497637", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32520076, "title": "Knowledge of and attitudes toward COVID-19 among parents of child dental patients during the outbreak.", "journal": "Braz Oral Res", "authors": ["Sun, Jin", "Xu, Yan", "Qu, Qian", "Luo, Wei"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32520076", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of and attitudes toward coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the parents of child dental patients in Shenzhen during the outbreak. A structured questionnaire containing 10 questions was used, and each question had 2 or 3 possible answers. The parents of children (aged 0-14 years) who visited the dental department of our hospital last year were eligible to participate in this study. A total of 148 parents were interviewed by telephone in February 2020 by research staff. A total of 94.59% of the parents said they paid high attention to COVID-19 and explained it to their children; 66.22% thought the dental department environment was more dangerous than other public places; 91.89% believed the dental department had a higher risk of virus infection; and 83.78% said they would take their children to a dental department if the children had a severe toothache. Approximately 81.08% of the parents expressed confidence after we informed them about the preventive measures taken in the dental department to ensure safe treatment for their children. In conclusion, all parents were concerned about COVID-19, and most of them had talked about it with their children often. In addition, a considerable percentage of them would not take their children to the dental department even if they had severe dental pain and thought that the dental environment could be more dangerous than other environments. More information about this topic should be delivered to this population."}, {"pmid": 32421272, "title": "Points & Pearls: Novel 2019 Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) An Overview for Emergency Clinicians.", "journal": "Emerg Med Pract", "authors": ["Gupta, Nachi", "Nusbaum, Jeffrey"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421272", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363335, "pmcid": "PMC7195418", "title": "MFM guidance for COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM", "authors": ["Boelig, Rupsa C", "Saccone, Gabriele", "Bellussi, Federica", "Berghella, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363335", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391169, "pmcid": "PMC7202902", "title": "Is the use of RAS inhibitors safe in the current era of COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Clin Hypertens", "authors": ["Park, Sungha", "Lee, Hae Young", "Cho, Eun Joo", "Sung, Ki Chul", "Kim, Juhan", "Kim, Dae-Hee", "Ihm, Sang-Hyun", "Kim, Kwang-Il", "Sohn, Il-Suk", "Chung, Wook-Jin", "Kim, Hyeon Chang", "Ryu, Sung Kee", "Pyun, Wook Bum", "Shin, Jinho"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391169", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Antihypertensive drugs are one of the most widely used pharmacologic agent in the world and it is predominantly used in the elderly subjects. Pneumonia is the most common cause of death in the extremely old subject. During infection and its complication such as sepsis, hypotension could be exacerbated by antihypertensive drugs because homeostasis mechanisms such as sodium balance, renin angiotensin aldosterone system and/or sympathetic nervous system can be mitigated by antihypertensive drug therapy. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-1 and 2 viral surface protein is known to attach angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) on the cell membrane to facilitate viral entry into the cytoplasm. Despite the theoretical concerns of increased ACE2 expression by Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAS) blockade, there is no evidence that RAS inhibitors are harmful during COVID-19 infection and have in fact been shown to be beneficial in animal studies. Therefore, it is recommended to maintain RAS blockade during the current corona virus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32507546, "title": "Urologic oncology surgery during COVID-19: a rapid review of current triage guidance documents.", "journal": "Urol Oncol", "authors": ["Shinder, Brian M", "Patel, Hiren V", "Sterling, Joshua", "Tabakin, Alexandra L", "Kim, Isaac Y", "Jang, Thomas L", "Singer, Eric A"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507546", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic placed urologic surgeons, and especially urologic oncologists, in an unprecedented situation. Providers and healthcare systems were forced to rapidly create triage schemas in order to preserve resources and reduce potential viral transmission while continuing to provide care for patients. We reviewed United States and international triage proposals from professional societies, peer-reviewed publications, and publicly available institutional guidelines to identify common themes and critical differences. To date, there are varying levels of agreement on the optimal triaging of urologic oncology cases. As the need to preserve resources and prevent viral transmission grows, prioritizing only high priority surgical cases is paramount. A similar approach to prioritization will also be needed as nonemergent cases are allowed to proceed in the coming weeks. While these decisions will often be made on a case-by-case basis, more nuanced surgeon-driven consensus guidelines are needed for the near future."}, {"pmid": 32439650, "title": "Preserving Access: A Review of Stroke Thrombectomy during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "AJNR Am J Neuroradiol", "authors": ["Leslie-Mazwi, T M", "Fargen, K M", "Levitt, M", "Derdeyn, C P", "Feske, S K", "Patel, A B", "Hirsch, J A"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439650", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Thrombectomy for large-vessel-occlusion stroke is a highly impactful treatment. The spread of coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) across the United States and the globe impacts access to this crucial intervention through widespread societal and institutional changes. In this document, we review the implications of COVID-19 on the emergency care of large-vessel occlusion stroke, reviewing specific infection-control recommendations, available literature, existing resources, and expert consensus. As a population, patients with large-vessel occlusion stroke face unique challenges during pandemics. These are broad in scope. Responses to these challenges through adaptation of stroke systems of care and with imaging, thrombectomy, and postprocedural care are detailed. Preservation of access to thrombectomy must be prioritized for its public health impact. While the extent of required changes will vary by region, tiered planning for both escalation and de-escalation of measures must be a part of each practice. In addition, preparations described serve as templates in the event of future pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32338180, "title": "The probability of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva.", "journal": "Stat Methods Med Res", "authors": ["Thompson, R N", "Cunniffe, N J"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32338180", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32362588, "title": "High-resolution computed tomography in a patient with COVID-19 with non-diagnostic serial radiographs.", "journal": "Hong Kong Med J", "authors": ["Kwok, H M", "Wong, S C", "Ng, T F", "Yung, K S", "Luk, W H", "Ma, K F", "Chik, T S H"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362588", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440942, "pmcid": "PMC7241585", "title": "Special Issue on the COVID-19 Pandemic and Psycholinguistic Research: A Call for Papers.", "journal": "J Psycholinguist Res", "authors": ["Javier, Rafael Art", "Lamela, Marko", "Faber, Aubrey", "Amrami, Yosef"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440942", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32213506, "title": "Covid-19: experts question analysis suggesting half UK population has been infected.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Sayburn, Anna"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213506", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32419708, "pmcid": "PMC7225720", "title": "section signrefers to: Camdessanche JP, Morel J,Pozzetto B, Paul S. COVID-19 may induce Guillain-Barre syndrome.COVID-19 and Guillain-Barre syndrome : response section sign.", "journal": "Rev Neurol (Paris)", "authors": ["Camdessanche, Jean-Philippe", "Morel, Jerome", "Pozzetto, Bruno", "Paul, Stephane", "Tholance, Yannick", "Botelho-Nevers, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419708", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32341628, "pmcid": "PMC7184012", "title": "Mathematical Modeling of COVID-19 Transmission Dynamics with a Case Study of Wuhan.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Ndairou, Faical", "Area, Ivan", "Nieto, Juan J", "Torres, Delfim F M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341628", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We propose a compartmental mathematical model for the spread of the COVID-19 disease with special focus on the transmissibility of super-spreaders individuals. We compute the basic reproduction number threshold, we study the local stability of the disease free equilibrium in terms of the basic reproduction number, and we investigate the sensitivity of the model with respect to the variation of each one of its parameters. Numerical simulations show the suitability of the proposed COVID-19 model for the outbreak that occurred in Wuhan, China."}, {"pmid": 32166128, "pmcid": "PMC7061470", "title": "The novel coronavirus outbreak: what can be learned from China in public reporting?", "journal": "Glob Health Res Policy", "authors": ["Li, Hao", "Chen, Xinguang", "Huang, Hao"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32166128", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus outbreak gets everyone's attention. China's national actions against the outbreak have contributed great contributions to the world. China has been learning from practice for better reporting and is fast to adapt itself. In this article we discuss China's practice in public reporting and its implications to global health. Confirmed cases, dynamic suspected cases, recovered cases, and deaths have been reported both in accumulative numbers and their daily updates. Some ratio indictors reporting (fatality rate, recovery rate, etc.), trend reporting, and global surveillance have been applied as well. Some improvements can still be made. It is necessary to further explore the influential factors behind the indicators for interventions. Recommendations are made to the World Health Organization and other countries for better public reporting and surveillance."}, {"pmid": 32420929, "title": "Screening of COVID-19 in children admitted to the hospital for acute problems: preliminary data.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Nicoletti, Angela", "Talarico, Valentina", "Sabetta, Lucilla", "Minchella, Pasquale", "Colosimo, Manuela", "Fortugno, Carmelo", "Galati, Maria Concetta", "Raiola, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420929", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new Coronavirus identified in Whuan at the end of 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the Beta Coronavirus genus and is responsible for the new Coronavirus 2019 pandemia (COVID-19). Infected children may be asymptomatic or present fever, dry cough, fatigue or gastrointestinal symptoms. The CDC recommends that clinicians should decide to test patients based on the presence of signs and symptoms compatible with COVID-19. 42 children (the majority < 5 years of age) were referred, to our Pediatric Department, as possible cases of COVID-19 infection. Blood analysis, chest X-ray, and naso-oropharyngeal swab specimens for viral identification of COVID-19 were requested. None of the screened children resulted positive for COVID-19 infection. At first presentation, the most frequent signs and symptoms were: fever (71.4%), fatigue (35.7%) and cough (30.9%).\u00a0 An\u00a0 high\u00a0 C-reactive protein value and abnormalities of chest\u00a0 X-ray (bronchial wall thickening) were detected in 26.2% and 19% of patients, respectively. Almost half of patients (45.2%) required hospitalization in our Pediatric Unit and one patient in Intensive Care Unit. Testing people who meet the COVID-19 suspected case definition criteria is essential for clinical management and outbreak control. Children of all ages can get COVID-19, although they appear to be affected less frequently than adults, as reported in our preliminary survey. Further studies are needed to confirm our observations."}, {"pmid": 32203360, "title": "What China's coronavirus response can teach the rest of the world.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Cyranoski, David"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32203360", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513640, "title": "Letter to the Editor: Productively protecting a cohort of vulnerable plastic surgery trainees in the COVID-19 pandemic in a new virtual trauma clinic.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Westley, Suzanne", "Creasy, Henrietta", "Shah, Rupali", "Shaharan, Shazrinizam", "Mistry, Rikki", "Awad, Guirgis", "Blair, Jame", "Cubison, Tania"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513640", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32125133, "title": "[Epidemic trend of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in mainland China].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhu, Z B", "Zhong, C K", "Zhang, K X", "Dong, C", "Peng, H", "Xu, T", "Wang, A L", "Guo, Z R", "Zhang, Y H"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32125133", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: In order to master the epidemic trend of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and evaluate the effect of prevention and control, we evaluate the epidemic dynamics of COVID-19 in mainland China, Hubei province, Wuhan city and other provinces outside Hubei from January 16 to February 14, 2020. Methods: We collected the daily number of new confirmed COVID-19 cases by nucleic acid detection reported by the National Health Commission from January 16, 2020 to February 14, 2020. The analysis includes the epidemic curve of the new confirmed cases, multiple of the new confirmed cases for period-over-period, multiple of the new confirmed cases for fixed-base, and the period-over-period growth rate of the new confirmed cases. Results: From January 16 to February 14, 2020, the cumulative number of new confirmed cases of COVID-19 in mainland China was 50 031, including 37 930 in Hubei province, 22 883 in Wuhan city and 12 101 in other provinces outside Hubei. The peak of the number of new confirmed cases in other provinces outside Hubei was from January 31 to February 4, 2020, and the peak of new confirmed cases in Wuhan city and Hubei province was from February 5 to February 9, 2020. The number of new confirmed cases in other provinces outside Hubei showed a significant decline (23% compared with the peak) from February 5 to February 9, 2020, while the number of new confirmed cases in Wuhan city (30% compared with the peak) and Hubei Province (37% compared with the peak) decreased significantly from February 10 to February 14, 2020. Conclusion: The epidemic prevention and control measures taken by the state and governments at all levels have shown very significant effects, effectively curbing the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic in China."}, {"pmid": 32442454, "pmcid": "PMC7235576", "title": "Which cancer type has the highest risk of COVID-19 infection?", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Cai, Changjing", "Ahmed, Omar Abdihamid", "Shen, Hong", "Zeng, Shan"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442454", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473912, "pmcid": "PMC7244416", "title": "Transcatheter mitral valve repair with MitraClip for severe mitral regurgitation and cardiogenic shock during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Revasc Med", "authors": ["Chitturi, Kalyan R", "Faza, Nadeen N", "Little, Stephen H", "Kleiman, Neal S", "Reardon, Michael J", "Goel, Sachin S"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473912", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Transcatheter mitral valve repair with MitraClip (Abbott) is largely an elective procedure. The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed challenges to health care systems; in many cases elective interventions have been curtailed. Patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR) and cardiogenic shock are high-risk surgical candidates and at risk of a poor outcome without intervention. The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and the Society of Coronary Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) recently proposed joint guidance on triage of structural heart disease (SHD) interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic. We present two illustrative cases of severe MR and cardiogenic shock that were successfully treated with MitraClip amidst the COVID-19 pandemic with good outcomes at short term follow-up."}, {"pmid": 32105304, "pmcid": "PMC7047852", "title": "Positive RT-PCR Test Results in Patients Recovered From COVID-19.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Lan, Lan", "Xu, Dan", "Ye, Guangming", "Xia, Chen", "Wang, Shaokang", "Li, Yirong", "Xu, Haibo"], "date": "2020-02-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32105304", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434095, "pmcid": "PMC7219409", "title": "Binge watching behavior during COVID 19 pandemic: A cross-sectional, cross-national online survey.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Dixit, Ayushi", "Marthoenis, Marthoenis", "Arafat, S M Yasir", "Sharma, Pawan", "Kar, Sujita Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434095", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32109273, "pmcid": "PMC7107563", "title": "COVID-19 outbreak on the Diamond Princess cruise ship: estimating the epidemic potential and effectiveness of public health countermeasures.", "journal": "J Travel Med", "authors": ["Rocklov, J", "Sjodin, H", "Wilder-Smith, A"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32109273", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Cruise ships carry a large number of people in confined spaces with relative homogeneous mixing. On 3 February, 2020, an outbreak of COVID-19 on cruise ship Diamond Princess was reported with 10 initial cases, following an index case on board around 21-25th January. By 4th February, public health measures such as removal and isolation of ill passengers and quarantine of non-ill passengers were implemented. By 20th February, 619 of 3700 passengers and crew (17%) were tested positive. We estimated the basic reproduction number from the initial period of the outbreak using SEIR models. We calibrated the models with transient functions of countermeasures to incidence data. We additionally estimated a counterfactual scenario in absence of countermeasures, and established a model stratified by crew and guests to study the impact of differential contact rates among the groups. We also compared scenarios of an earlier versus later evacuation of the ship. The basic reproduction rate was initially 4 times higher on-board compared to the ${R}_0$ in the epicentre in Wuhan, but the countermeasures lowered it substantially. Based on the modeled initial ${R}_0$ of 14.8, we estimated that without any interventions within the time period of 21 January to 19 February, 2920 out of the 3700 (79%) would have been infected. Isolation and quarantine therefore prevented 2307 cases, and lowered the ${R}_0$ to 1.78. We showed that an early evacuation of all passengers on 3 February would have been associated with 76 infected persons in their incubation time. The cruise ship conditions clearly amplified an already highly transmissible disease. The public health measures prevented more than 2000 additional cases compared to no interventions. However, evacuating all passengers and crew early on in the outbreak would have prevented many more passengers and crew from infection."}, {"pmid": 32458618, "title": "Hemato- Oncology Care in COVID-19 Pandemic: Crisis within a Crisis.", "journal": "Asian Pac J Cancer Prev", "authors": ["Seth, Tulika", "Shankar, Abhishek", "Roy, Shubham", "Saini, Deepak"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458618", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360416, "pmcid": "PMC7189853", "title": "The curious case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Gupta, Shreya", "Malhotra, Nipun", "Gupta, Nitesh", "Agrawal, Sumita", "Ish, Pranav"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360416", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404899, "pmcid": "PMC7220650", "title": "Clinical significance of nutritional risk screening for older adult patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Liu, Gaoli", "Zhang, Shaowen", "Mao, Zhangfan", "Wang, Weixing", "Hu, Haifeng"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404899", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional risks among older patients with COVID-19 and their associated clinical outcomes using four nutritional risk screening (NRS) tools: Nutrition Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002), Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST), Mini Nutrition Assessment Shortcut (MNA-sf), and Nutrition Risk Index (NRI). We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with COVID-19 older than 65 years who were treated in our hospital from January 28, 2020 to March 5, 2020, and explored the relationship between nutritional risk and clinical outcomes. A total of 141 patients with COVID-19 (46 common COVID-19, 73 severe COVID-19, and 22 extremely severe COVID-19) were enrolled in the study. NRS 2002 identified 85.8% of patients as having risk, with being identified 41.1% by MUST, 77.3% by MNA-sf, and 71.6% by NRI. The agreement strength was moderate between NRS 2002 and MNA-sf, NRI, fair between MUST and MNA-sf, NRI, fair between MNA-sf and NRI, poor between NRS 2002 and MUST (P\u2009<\u20090.01). After adjustment for confounding factors in multivariate regression analysis, patients in the risk group had significantly longer LOS, higher hospital expenses (except MNA-sf), poor appetite, heavier disease severity, and more weight change(kg) than normal patients by using NRS 2002, MNA-sf, and NRI(P\u2009<\u20090.05). The NRS 2002, MNA-sf, and NRI are useful and practical tools with respect to screening for patients with COVID-19 who are at nutritional risk, as well as in need of additional nutritional intervention."}, {"pmid": 32291262, "title": "Covid-19: Black people and other minorities are hardest hit in US.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Dyer, Owen"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291262", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301034, "pmcid": "PMC7160609", "title": "Our Most Powerful Weapon to Fight COVID-19: Patient Involvement.", "journal": "Patient", "authors": ["Pitts, Peter J"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301034", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425662, "pmcid": "PMC7227535", "title": "Profiling COVID-19 pneumonia progressing into the cytokine storm syndrome: results from a single Italian Centre study on tocilizumab versus standard of care.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Quartuccio, Luca", "Sonaglia, Arianna", "McGonagle, Dennis", "Fabris, Martina", "Peghin, Maddalena", "Pecori, Davide", "Monte, Amato De", "Bove, Tiziana", "Curcio, Francesco", "Bassi, Flavio", "Vita, Salvatore De", "Tascini, Carlo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425662", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Approximately 5% of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) develop a life-threatening pneumonia that often occurs in the setting of increased inflammation or \"cytokine storm\". Anti-cytokine treatments are being evaluated but optimal patient selection remains unclear, and the aim of our study is to address this point. Between February 29 to April 6, 2020, 111 consecutive hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were evaluated in a single centre retrospective study. Patients were divided in two groups: 42 severe cases (TOCI) with adverse prognostic features including raised CRP and IL-6 levels, who underwent anti-cytokine treatments, mostly tocilizumab, and 69 standard of care patients (SOC). In the TOCI group, all received anti-viral therapy and 40% also received glucocorticoids. In TOCI, 62% of cases were ventilated and there were 3 deaths (17.8\u2009\u00b1\u200910.6 days, mean follow up) with 7/26 cases remaining on ventilators, without improvement, and 17/26 developed bacterial superinfection. One fatality occurred in the 15 TOCI cases treated on noninvasive ventilation and 1 serious bacterial superinfection. Of the 69 cases in SOC, there was no fatalities and no bacterial complications. The TOCI group had higher baseline CRP and IL-6 elevations (p\u2009<\u20090.0001 for both) and higher neutrophils and lower lymphocyte levels (p\u2009=\u20090.04 and p\u2009=\u20090.001, respectively) with the TOCI ventilated patients having higher markers than non-ventilated TOCI patients. Higher inflammatory markers, more infections and worse outcomes characterized ventilated TOCI cases compared to ward based TOCI. Despite the confounding factors, this suggests that therapy time in anti-cytokine randomized trials will be key."}, {"pmid": 32364264, "title": "Post-mortem examination of COVID19 patients reveals diffuse alveolar damage with severe capillary congestion and variegated findings of lungs and other organs suggesting vascular dysfunction.", "journal": "Histopathology", "authors": ["Menter, T", "Haslbauer, J D", "Nienhold, R", "Savic, S", "Hopfer, H", "Deigendesch, N", "Frank, S", "Turek, D", "Willi, N", "Pargger, H", "Bassetti, S", "Leuppi, J D", "Cathomas, G", "Tolnay, M", "Mertz, K D", "Tzankov, A"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364264", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly evolved into a sweeping pandemic. While its major manifestation is in the respiratory tract, the general extent of organ involvement as well as microscopic changes in the lungs remain insufficiently characterised. Autopsies are essential to elucidate COVID-19-associated organ alterations. This study reports autopsy findings of 21 COVID-19 patients hospitalised at the University Hospital Basel and at the Cantonal Hospital Baselland, Switzerland. An in-corpore technique was performed to ensure optimal staff safety. The primary cause of death was respiratory failure with exudative diffuse alveolar damage with massive capillary congestion often accompanied by microthrombi despite anticoagulation. Ten cases showed superimposed bronchopneumonia. Further findings included pulmonary embolisms (n=4), alveolar haemorrhage (n=3) and vasculitis (n=1). Pathologies in other organ systems were predominantly attributable to shock; three patients showed signs of generalised thrombotic microangiopathy. Six patients were diagnosed with senile cardiac amyloidosis upon autopsy. Most patients suffered from one or more comorbidities (hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus). Additionally, there was an overall predominance of males and individuals with blood group A (81% and 65%, respectively). All relevant histological slides are linked as open-source scans in supplementary files. This study provides an overview of post-mortem findings in COVID-19 cases, implying that hypertensive, elderly, obese, male individuals with severe cardiovascular comorbidities as well as those with blood group A may have a lower threshold of tolerance for COVID-19. This provides a pathophysiological explanation for higher mortality rates amongst these patients."}, {"pmid": 32346108, "pmcid": "PMC7186940", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 presenting with conjunctivitis as the first symptom.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Casalino, Giuseppe", "Monaco, Gaspare", "Di Sarro, Paolo Plinio", "David, Alessandro", "Scialdone, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346108", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339482, "pmcid": "PMC7195053", "title": "Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer treatment and research.", "journal": "Lancet Haematol", "authors": ["Saini, Kamal S", "de Las Heras, Begona", "de Castro, Javier", "Venkitaraman, Ramachandran", "Poelman, Martine", "Srinivasan, Gopalakrishnan", "Saini, Monika Lamba", "Verma, Sanjeev", "Leone, Manuela", "Aftimos, Philippe", "Curigliano, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339482", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446683, "pmcid": "PMC7211593", "title": "COVID-19 and thrombosis: Beyond a casual association.", "journal": "Med Clin (Barc)", "authors": ["Lopez Castro, Jose"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446683", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530326, "title": "Does coronavirus affect the audio-vestibular system? A rapid systematic review.", "journal": "Int J Audiol", "authors": ["Almufarrij, Ibrahim", "Uus, Kai", "Munro, Kevin J"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530326", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: This rapid systematic review investigated audio-vestibular symptoms associated with coronavirus.Design: The protocol for the rapid review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews and the review methods were developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the National Institute of Heath quality assessment tools.Study sample: After rejecting more than 2300 records, there were five case reports and two cross-sectional studies that met the inclusion criteria.Results: No records of audio-vestibular symptoms were reported with the earlier types of coronavirus (i.e. severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS] and Middle East respiratory syndrome [MERS]). Reports of hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo have rarely been reported in individuals who tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2.Conclusion: Reports of audio-vestibular symptoms in confirmed COVID-19 cases are few, with mostly minor symptoms, and the studies are of poor quality. Emphasis over time is likely to shift from life-threatening concerns to longer-term health-related consequences such as audio-vestibular dysfunction. High-quality studies are needed to investigate the acute effects of COVID-19, as well as for understanding long-term risks, on the audio-vestibular system. Review registration: Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number CRD42020184932)."}, {"pmid": 32515085, "title": "COVID-19 in recent kidney transplant recipients.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Shingare, Ashay", "Bahadur, Madan M", "Raina, Shailesh"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515085", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic spread across the globe, transplant programs suffered a setback. We report the first experience of COVID-19 infection within 1 month of living donor kidney transplant (LDKT). We describe 2 LDKT recipients who were detected positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at day 19 and day 7 post-transplant. They had minimal symptoms at diagnosis and did not develop any respiratory complications or allograft dysfunction. Immunosuppression was de-escalated; however, nasopharyngeal swab real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) remained positive for SARS-CoV-2 for a prolonged time. Younger age, absence of other comorbidities and lower dose of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) used as induction possibly contributed to good outcome in our recent LDKT recipients compared with earlier published cases of recent deceased donor kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32295237, "pmcid": "PMC7232184", "title": "Molecular Investigation of SARS-CoV-2 Proteins and Their Interactions with Antiviral Drugs.", "journal": "Viruses", "authors": ["Calligari, Paolo", "Bobone, Sara", "Ricci, Giorgio", "Bocedi, Alessio"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295237", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A new Coronavirus strain, named SARS-CoV-2, suddenly emerged in early December 2019. SARS-CoV-2 resulted in being dramatically infectious, with thousands of people infected. In this scenario, and without effective vaccines available, the importance of an immediate tool to support patients and against viral diffusion becomes evident. In this study, we exploit the molecular docking approach to analyze the affinity between different viral proteins and several inhibitors, originally developed for other viral infections. Our data show that, in some cases, a relevant binding can be detected. These findings support the hypothesis to develop new antiviral agents against COVID-19, on the basis of already established therapies."}, {"pmid": 32250965, "title": "Are UK doctors getting sufficient protective equipment against covid-19?", "journal": "BMJ", "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250965", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32222993, "pmcid": "PMC7228393", "title": "Genomic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of SARS-COV-2 in Italy.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zehender, Gianguglielmo", "Lai, Alessia", "Bergna, Annalisa", "Meroni, Luca", "Riva, Agostino", "Balotta, Claudia", "Tarkowski, Maciej", "Gabrieli, Arianna", "Bernacchia, Dario", "Rusconi, Stefano", "Rizzardini, Giuliano", "Antinori, Spinello", "Galli, Massimo"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222993", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This report describes the isolation, molecular characterization, and phylogenetic analysis of the first three complete genomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) isolated from three patients involved in the first outbreak of COVID-19 in Lombardy, Italy. Early molecular epidemiological tracing suggests that SARS-CoV-2 was present in Italy weeks before the first reported cases of infection."}, {"pmid": 32534472, "title": "Teledermatology for acne during COVID-19: high patients' satisfaction in spite of the emergency.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Ruggiero, Angelo", "Megna, Matteo", "Annunziata, Maria Carmela", "Abategiovanni, Luisa", "Scalvenzi, Massimiliano", "Tajani, Andrea", "Fabbrocini, Gabriella", "Villani, Alessia"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534472", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting the 9.4% of global population. Although it usually occurs in adolescents aged from 15 to 24 years old, it is not uncommon to develop in adults either. Boys are more frequently affected, particularly with severe forms of the disease.An adequate and continuous treatment of the disease is required in order to reduce acne lesions, prevent permanent scarring and limit the duration of the disorder."}, {"pmid": 32364319, "pmcid": "PMC7267394", "title": "Coronavirus conversations, in a time of logarithm.", "journal": "FASEB J", "authors": ["Pederson, Thoru"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364319", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473114, "pmcid": "PMC7251354", "title": "Letter to the Editor: Screening All Pregnant Women Admitted To Labor And Delivery For The Virus Responsible For COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Henderson, Cassandra E", "Jackman, Janelle M", "Rezai, Shadi"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473114", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487664, "title": "Covid-19: 146 researchers raise concerns over chloroquine study that halted WHO trial.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487664", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32249072, "pmcid": "PMC7270784", "title": "Protecting High-Risk Cardiac Patients During the COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Pisano, Antonio", "Landoni, Giovanni", "Zangrillo, Alberto"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32249072", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434816, "title": "Severe COVID-19 and related hyperferritinaemia: more than an innocent bystander?", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Ruscitti, Piero", "Berardicurti, Onorina", "Barile, Antonio", "Cipriani, Paola", "Shoenfeld, Yehuda", "Iagnocco, Annamaria", "Giacomelli, Roberto"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434816", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32479895, "pmcid": "PMC7256536", "title": "Drive-Through COVID-19 Testing During the 2020 Pandemic: a safe, efficient, and scalable model for pediatric patients and healthcare workers.", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Flynn, Erin F", "Kuhn, Elizabeth", "Shaik, Mohammed", "Tarr, Elizabeth", "Scattolini, Nicole", "Ballantine, Allison"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32479895", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32211820, "pmcid": "PMC7097836", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Patients With Cancer at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "JAMA Oncol", "authors": ["Yu, Jing", "Ouyang, Wen", "Chua, Melvin L K", "Xie, Conghua"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211820", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528233, "pmcid": "PMC7284674", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 susceptibility and lung inflammatory storm by smoking and vaping.", "journal": "J Inflamm (Lond)", "authors": ["Kaur, Gagandeep", "Lungarella, Giuseppe", "Rahman, Irfan"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528233", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current pandemic of COVID-19 has caused severe morbidity and mortality across the globe. People with a smoking history have severe disease outcomes by COVID-19 infection. Epidemiological studies show that old age and pre-existing disease conditions (hypertension and diabetes) result in severe disease outcome and mortality amongst COVID-19 patients. Evidences suggest that the S1 domain of the SARS-CoV-2 (causative agent of COVID-19) membrane spike has a high affinity towards the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor found on the host's lung epithelium. Likewise, TMPRSS2 protease has been shown to be crucial for viral activation thus facilitating the viral engulfment. The viral entry has been shown to cause 'cytokine storm' involving excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines including IL-6, TNF-\u03b1, IFN-\u03b3, IL-2, IL-7, IP-10, MCP-3 or GM-CSF, which is augmented by smoking. Future research could target these inflammatory-immunological responses to develop effective therapy for COVID-19. This mini-review provides a consolidated account on the role of inflammation and immune responses, proteases, and epithelial permeability by smoking and vaping during SARS-CoV2 infection with future directions of research, and provides a list of the potential targets for therapies particularly controlling cytokine storms in the lung."}, {"pmid": 32234116, "pmcid": "PMC7118345", "title": "Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Community Testing Team in Scotland: A 14-day review, 6 to 20 February 2020.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Mark, Kate", "Steel, Katie", "Stevenson, Janet", "Evans, Christine", "McCormick, Duncan", "Willocks, Lorna", "McCallum, Alison", "Jones, Laura", "Johannessen, Ingolfur", "Templeton, Kate", "Koch, Oliver", "Mackintosh, Claire"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234116", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the outbreak of COVID-19, we set up a team to carry out sampling in the community. This enabled individuals to remain in self-isolation in their own homes and to prevent healthcare settings and services from being overwhelmed by admissions for sampling of suspected cases. There is evidence that this is a cost effective, safe and necessary service to complement COVID-19 testing in hospitals."}, {"pmid": 32492174, "title": "First case of acute pancreatitis related to SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Miao, Y", "Lidove, O", "Mauhin, W"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492174", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456720, "title": "COVID-19 infections among HCWs exposed to a patient with a delayed diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Baker, Meghan A", "Rhee, Chanu", "Fiumara, Karen", "Bennett-Rizzo, Carin", "Tucker, Robert", "Williams, Sarah A", "Wickner, Paige", "Beloff, Jennifer", "McGrath, Casey", "Poulton, Alexa", "Klompas, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456720", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report on COVID-19 risk among HCWs exposed to a patient diagnosed with COVID-19 on day 13 of hospitalization. There were 44 HCWs exposed to the patient before contact and droplet precautions were implemented: of these, 2 of 44 (5%) developed COVID-19 potentially attributable to the exposure."}, {"pmid": 32329539, "pmcid": "PMC7264546", "title": "What ENT doctors should know about COVID-19 contagion risks.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Meccariello, Giuseppe", "Gallo, Oreste"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329539", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388938, "title": "[The critical role of environmental hygiene and disinfection in the prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Shi, X M"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388938", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, China has adopted a series of prevention and control measures such as case isolation, close contact tracking management, environmental hygiene improvements, disinfection, and personal protection. At present, China has achieved remarkable results in the control of COVID-19. This article outlines the role of environmental hygiene and disinfection in the prevention and control of COVID-19 and analyzes relevant policies and countermeasures, which has been proved effective and deserved for extensive implementation in this combat. Suggestions are also provided for the further development of this field."}, {"pmid": 32470181, "title": "Management of heart transplant candidates in the time of COVID-19 pandemic: looking for answers.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Pascale, Renato", "Trapani, Filippo", "Potena, Luciano", "Martin-Suarez, Sofia", "Viale, Pierluigi", "Giannella, Maddalena"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470181", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32446866, "pmcid": "PMC7241406", "title": "The eye as the discrete but defensible portal of coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Ocul Surf", "authors": ["Coroneo, Minas Theodore"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32446866", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Oculo-centric factors may provide a key to understanding invasion success by SARS-CoV-2, a highly contagious, potentially lethal, virus with ocular tropism. Respiratory infection transmission via the eye and lacrimal-nasal pathway elucidated during the 1918 influenza pandemic, remains to be explored in this crisis. The eye and its adnexae represent a large surface area directly exposed to airborne viral particles and hand contact. The virus may bind to corneal and conjunctival angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and potentially to the lipophilic periocular skin and superficial tear film with downstream carriage into the nasopharynx and subsequent access to the lungs and gut. Adenoviruses and influenza viruses share this ocular tropism and despite differing ocular and systemic manifestations and disease patterns, common lessons, particularly in management, emerge. Slit lamp usage places ophthalmologists at particular risk of exposure to high viral loads (and poor prognosis) and as for adenoviral epidemics, this may be a setting for disease transmission. Local, rather than systemic treatments blocking virus binding in this pathway (advocated for adenovirus) are worth considering. This pathway is accessible with eye drops or aerosols containing drugs which appear efficacious via systemic administration. A combination such as hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and zinc, all of which have previously been used topically in the eye and which work at least in part by blocking ACE2 receptors, may offer a safe, cost-effective and resource-sparing intervention."}, {"pmid": 32196933, "title": "Coronaviruses and Immunosuppressed Patients: The Facts During the Third Epidemic.", "journal": "Liver Transpl", "authors": ["D'Antiga, Lorenzo"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196933", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395962, "title": "[Rational use of respiratory protective equipment: advice for health care professionals in time of COVID-19].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Voss, Andreas", "Martens, Liesbeth", "van Mansfeld, Rosa", "Hopman, Joost", "Veldkamp, Karin Ellen", "Wertheim, Heiman", "Kluytmans, Jan"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395962", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic has led to a worldwide shortage of respiratory protective equipment. In order to offer maximum protection against infection for all healthcare workers, we need to optimise our use of the available equipment. This article provides practical advice on which type of mask is indicated in what specific situation, what requirements the mask should meet and how to optimise the local workflow, including the re-use of masks after decontamination."}, {"pmid": 32330429, "pmcid": "PMC7173831", "title": "Not a luxury: a call to maintain sexual and reproductive health in humanitarian and fragile settings during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Lancet Glob Health", "authors": ["Tran, Nguyen Toan", "Tappis, Hannah", "Spilotros, Nathaly", "Krause, Sandra", "Knaster, Sarah"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330429", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301806, "pmcid": "PMC7188046", "title": "COVID-19 Preparedness Within the Surgical, Obstetric, and Anesthetic Ecosystem in Sub-Saharan Africa.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Ademuyiwa, Adesoji O", "Bekele, Abebe", "Berhea, Ataklitie Baraki", "Borgstein, Eric", "Capo-Chichi, Nina", "Derbew, Miliard", "Evans, Faye M", "Feyssa, Mekdes Daba", "Galukande, Moses", "Gawande, Atul A", "Gueye, Serigne M", "Harrison, Ewen", "Jani, Pankaj", "Kaseje, Neema", "Litswa, Louis", "Mammo, Tihitena Negussie", "Mellin-Olsen, Jannicke", "Muguti, Godfrey", "Nabukenya, Mary T", "Ngoga, Eugene", "Ntirenganya, Faustin", "Rulisa, Stephen", "Starr, Nichole", "Tabiri, Stephen", "Tadesse, Mahelet", "Walker, Isabeau", "Weiser, Thomas G", "Wren, Sherry M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301806", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32424329, "pmcid": "PMC7232592", "title": "Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 in the tears of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Karimi, Saeed", "Arabi, Amir", "Shahraki, Toktam", "Safi, Sare"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32424329", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since there are few reports on the ocular involvement of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, this study aimed to assess the presence of\u00a0severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the tears of patients with COVID-19. In this prospective case series, nasopharyngeal and tear sampling of 43 patients with severe COVID-19 were performed. The quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted to detect SARS-CoV-2. Ocular and systemic signs and symptoms were recorded from their medical history. The mean age of patients was 56\u2009\u00b1\u200913 years. The average disease time from initiation of symptoms was 3.27 days, range: 1-7 days. Forty-one patients (95.3%) had fever at the time of sampling. Only one patient had conjunctivitis. Thirty (69.8%) nasopharyngeal and three (7%) tear samples were positive for SARS-CoV-2. The result of tear sample was positive in the patient with conjunctivitis. All patients with positive tear RT-PCR\u00a0results had positive nasopharyngeal RT-PCR\u00a0results. Ocular manifestation was rare in this series of severe COVID-19 patients, however, 7% of the patients had viral RNA in their conjunctival secretions. Therefore, possibility of ocular transmission should be considered even in the absence of ocular manifestations."}, {"pmid": 32402627, "pmcid": "PMC7204671", "title": "Re: Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 in late pregnancy: Outcomes of first nine cases in an inner city London hospital.", "journal": "Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol", "authors": ["Govind, A", "Essien, S", "Karthikeyan, A", "Fakokunde, A", "Janga, D", "Yoong, W", "Nakhosteen, A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402627", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291076, "pmcid": "PMC7144854", "title": "EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 inhibits ACE2 expression.", "journal": "Biochem Biophys Res Commun", "authors": ["Li, Yuanyuan", "Li, Honggang", "Zhou, Liquan"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291076", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection is spreading globally and quickly, leading to emerging health issues. SARS-CoV-2 enters into and infects host cells through its spike glycoprotein recognizing the cell receptor Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2). Here, we noticed that ACE2 was further enhanced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Human germ cells and early embryos express high level of ACE2. Notably, RNA-seq result showed that reduction of H3K27me3, but not H3K4/9/36me3, led to upregulation of Ace2 expression in mouse germ cell line GC-2. In agreement with this result, we found in human embryonic stem cells that ACE2 expression was significantly increased in absence of EZH2, the major enzyme catalyzing H3K27me3. ChIP-seq analysis further confirmed decrease of H3K27me3 signal and increase of H3K27ac signal at ACE2 promoter upon EZH2 knockout. Therefore, we propose that EZH2-mediated H3K27me3 at ACE2 promoter region inhibits ACE2 expression in mammalian cells. This regulatory pattern may also exist in other human cells and tissues. Our discovery provides clues for pathogenesis and targeted drug therapy towards ACE2 expression for prevention and adjuvant therapy of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32199943, "pmcid": "PMC7156207", "title": "Predicting the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) utilizing capability as the receptor of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Qiu, Ye", "Zhao, Yuan-Bo", "Wang, Qiong", "Li, Jin-Yan", "Zhou, Zhi-Jian", "Liao, Ce-Heng", "Ge, Xing-Yi"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199943", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2, the newly identified human coronavirus causing severe pneumonia pandemic, was probably originated from Chinese horseshoe bats. However, direct transmission of the virus from bats to humans is unlikely due to lack of direct contact, implying the existence of unknown intermediate hosts. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the receptor of SARS-CoV-2, but only ACE2s of certain species can be utilized by SARS-CoV-2. Here, we evaluated and ranked the receptor-utilizing capability of ACE2s from various species by phylogenetic clustering and sequence alignment with the currently known ACE2s utilized by SARS-CoV-2. As a result, we predicted that SARS-CoV-2 tends to utilize ACE2s of various mammals, except murines, and some birds, such as pigeon. This prediction may help to screen the intermediate hosts of SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32470211, "title": "Are we now observing an increasing number of coinfections between SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens?", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Sanchez-Duque, Jorge A", "Orozco-Hernandez, Juan Pablo", "Marin-Medina, Daniel S", "Cvetkovic-Vega, Aleksandar", "Aveiro-Robalo, Telmo Raul", "Mondragon-Cardona, Alvaro", "Failoc-Rojas, Virgilio E", "Gutierrez-Ocampo, Estefania", "Villamizar-Pena, Rhuvi", "Henao-Martinez, Juan F", "Arteaga-Livias, Kovy", "Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470211", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have recently read the article by Chaung et al.,1 describing a case of SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-HKU1 coinfection. The HCoV-HKU1 is also a member of the Betacoronavirus. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32054787, "pmcid": "PMC7104368", "title": "Prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir (GS-5734) treatment in the rhesus macaque model of MERS-CoV infection.", "journal": "Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A", "authors": ["de Wit, Emmie", "Feldmann, Friederike", "Cronin, Jacqueline", "Jordan, Robert", "Okumura, Atsushi", "Thomas, Tina", "Scott, Dana", "Cihlar, Tomas", "Feldmann, Heinz"], "date": "2020-02-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32054787", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The continued emergence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) cases with a high case fatality rate stresses the need for the availability of effective antiviral treatments. Remdesivir (GS-5734) effectively inhibited MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV) replication in vitro, and showed efficacy against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)-CoV in a mouse model. Here, we tested the efficacy of prophylactic and therapeutic remdesivir treatment in a nonhuman primate model of MERS-CoV infection, the rhesus macaque. Prophylactic remdesivir treatment initiated 24 h prior to inoculation completely prevented MERS-CoV-induced clinical disease, strongly inhibited MERS-CoV replication in respiratory tissues, and prevented the formation of lung lesions. Therapeutic remdesivir treatment initiated 12 h postinoculation also provided a clear clinical benefit, with a reduction in clinical signs, reduced virus replication in the lungs, and decreased presence and severity of lung lesions. The data presented here support testing of the efficacy of remdesivir treatment in the context of a MERS clinical trial. It may also be considered for a wider range of coronaviruses, including the currently emerging novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32432540, "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: reflections for the field of sleep medicine.", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Ramar, Kannan"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432540", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334847, "pmcid": "PMC7164841", "title": "Ocular manifestation as first sign of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Interest of telemedicine during the pandemic context.", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Daruich, A", "Martin, D", "Bremond-Gignac, D"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334847", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report here the case of a 27-year-old man who consulted by telemedicine during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, due to foreign body sensation and left eye redness. Examination revealed unilateral eyelid edema and moderate conjunctival hyperemia. A few hours later, the patient experienced intense headache and developed fever, cough and severe dyspnea. A nasopharyngeal swab proved positive for SARS-CoV-2. This case demonstrates that conjunctivitis can be the inaugural manifestation of the COVID-19 infection. It illustrates the interest of telemedicine in ophthalmology during the COVID-19 pandemic, since moderate conjunctival hyperemia can be the first sign of a severe respiratory distress."}, {"pmid": 32496251, "title": "Insights from COVID-19 cluster containment in Bhilwara District, Rajasthan.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Meghwal, Badrilal", "Behera, Shyambhavee", "Dhariwal, Akshay C", "Saxena, Deepak", "Singh, Rommel", "Kumar, Sanjiv"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496251", "countries": ["India", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In March 2020, a healthcare professional from a renowned private hospital, in the textile city of Bhilwara, Rajasthan, reported clustering of cases of pneumonia amongst doctors and paramedical staff suspected to be due to COVID-19. The basis of suspicion was clinico-eco-epidemiologic-radiological findings as, by that time, about 20 COVID19 cases were reported from the state of Rajasthan including a big Italian group of tourists who travelled extensively in Rajasthan, including Udaipur city. The current study presents the field experience of the Central and the State Rapid Response Teams (RRTs) in the cluster containment at Bhilwara. Methods: The information regarding the sociodemographic profile of the cases was provided by the Senior Medical Officer In-charge. The containment strategy was modeled under 6 pillars. Google Maps was used for preparing spot map. Immediate public health actions of cluster containment including contact tracing, quarantine, and isolation were initiated using epidemiological approach of mapping the cluster and taking care of reservoir of infection by the District Public Health Team supported by Multidisciplinary Rapid Response Team. This was supplemented by strict enforcement of lock down in the District taking care of daily need of the community by the leadership of administration with very strong intersectoral co-ordination (locally called \"ruthless containment\"). The forthcoming challenge resides in re-establishment of inter-district and inter-state travel, which can become a risk of re-entry of the new cases, which needs to be taken care of, with the help of stringent administrative measures and screening at all points of entry. The team in Bhilwara needs to remain vigilant to pick up any imported cases early before local transmission establishes."}, {"pmid": 31996437, "pmcid": "PMC7081895", "title": "Receptor Recognition by the Novel Coronavirus from Wuhan: an Analysis Based on Decade-Long Structural Studies of SARS Coronavirus.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Wan, Yushun", "Shang, Jian", "Graham, Rachel", "Baric, Ralph S", "Li, Fang"], "date": "2020-01-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31996437", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has emerged from Wuhan, China, causing symptoms in humans similar to those caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV). Since the SARS-CoV outbreak in 2002, extensive structural analyses have revealed key atomic-level interactions between the SARS-CoV spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) and its host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which regulate both the cross-species and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV. Here, we analyzed the potential receptor usage by 2019-nCoV, based on the rich knowledge about SARS-CoV and the newly released sequence of 2019-nCoV. First, the sequence of 2019-nCoV RBD, including its receptor-binding motif (RBM) that directly contacts ACE2, is similar to that of SARS-CoV, strongly suggesting that 2019-nCoV uses ACE2 as its receptor. Second, several critical residues in 2019-nCoV RBM (particularly Gln493) provide favorable interactions with human ACE2, consistent with 2019-nCoV's capacity for human cell infection. Third, several other critical residues in 2019-nCoV RBM (particularly Asn501) are compatible with, but not ideal for, binding human ACE2, suggesting that 2019-nCoV has acquired some capacity for human-to-human transmission. Last, while phylogenetic analysis indicates a bat origin of 2019-nCoV, 2019-nCoV also potentially recognizes ACE2 from a diversity of animal species (except mice and rats), implicating these animal species as possible intermediate hosts or animal models for 2019-nCoV infections. These analyses provide insights into the receptor usage, cell entry, host cell infectivity and animal origin of 2019-nCoV and may help epidemic surveillance and preventive measures against 2019-nCoV.IMPORTANCE The recent emergence of Wuhan coronavirus (2019-nCoV) puts the world on alert. 2019-nCoV is reminiscent of the SARS-CoV outbreak in 2002 to 2003. Our decade-long structural studies on the receptor recognition by SARS-CoV have identified key interactions between SARS-CoV spike protein and its host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which regulate both the cross-species and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV. One of the goals of SARS-CoV research was to build an atomic-level iterative framework of virus-receptor interactions to facilitate epidemic surveillance, predict species-specific receptor usage, and identify potential animal hosts and animal models of viruses. Based on the sequence of 2019-nCoV spike protein, we apply this predictive framework to provide novel insights into the receptor usage and likely host range of 2019-nCoV. This study provides a robust test of this reiterative framework, providing the basic, translational, and public health research communities with predictive insights that may help study and battle this novel 2019-nCoV."}, {"pmid": 32366669, "title": "Multicenter Evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 Test.", "journal": "J Clin Microbiol", "authors": ["Loeffelholz, Michael J", "Alland, David", "Butler-Wu, Susan M", "Pandey, Utsav", "Perno, Carlo Frederico", "Nava, Alice", "Carroll, Karen C", "Mostafa, Heba", "Davies, Emma", "McEwan, Ashley", "Rakeman, Jennifer L", "Fowler, Randal C", "Pawlotsky, Jean-Michel", "Fourati, Slim", "Banik, Sukalyani", "Banada, Padmapriya P", "Swaminathan, Shobha", "Chakravorty, Soumitesh", "Kwiatkowski, Robert W", "Chu, Victor C", "Kop, JoAnn", "Gaur, Rajiv", "Sin, Mandy L Y", "Nguyen, Duy", "Singh, Simranjit", "Zhang, Na", "Persing, David H"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366669", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are the primary means of identifying acute infections caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Accurate and fast test results may permit more efficient use of protective and isolation resources and allow for rapid therapeutic interventions.Methods. We evaluated the analytical and clinical performance characteristics of the Xpert\u00ae Xpress SARS-CoV-2 (Xpert) test, a rapid, automated molecular test for SARS-CoV-2. Analytical sensitivity and specificity/interference were assessed with infectious SARS-CoV-2, other infectious coronavirus species including SARS-CoV, and 85 nasopharyngeal swab specimens positive for other respiratory viruses including endemic human coronaviruses (hCoVs). Clinical performance was assessed using 483 remnant upper and lower respiratory specimens previously analyzed by standard of care (SOC) NAATs.Results. The limit of detection of the Xpert test was 0.01 plaque forming units (PFU)/mL. Other hCoVs, including Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus, were not detected by the Xpert test. SARS-CoV, a closely related species in the Sarbecovirus subgenus, was detected by a broad-range target (E) but was distinguished from SARS-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2-specific N2 target). Compared to SOC NAATs, the positive agreement of the Xpert test was 219/220 (99.5%) and the negative agreement was 250/261 (95.8%). A third tie-breaker NAAT resolved all but three of the discordant results in favor the Xpert test.Conclusions. The Xpert test provided sensitive and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 in a variety of upper and lower respiratory tract specimens. The high sensitivity and fast time to results of approximately 45 minutes may impact patient management."}, {"pmid": 32193905, "pmcid": "PMC7086086", "title": "First Pediatric Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Park, Ji Young", "Han, Mi Seon", "Park, Kyoung Un", "Kim, Ji Young", "Choi, Eun Hwa"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32193905", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The large outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that started in Wuhan, China has now spread to many countries worldwide. Current epidemiologic knowledge suggests that relatively few cases are seen among children, which limits opportunities to address pediatric specific issues on infection control and the children's contribution to viral spread in the community. Here, we report the first pediatric case of COVID-19 in Korea. The 10-year-old girl was a close contact of her uncle and her mother who were confirmed to have COVID-19. In this report, we present mild clinical course of her pneumonia that did not require antiviral treatment and serial viral test results from multiple specimens. Lastly, we raise concerns on the optimal strategy of self-quarantine and patient care in a negative isolation room for children."}, {"pmid": 32513429, "title": "Aerosol-generating procedures in head and neck surgery - can we improve practice after COVID-19?", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Kerawala, C", "Riva, F"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513429", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on international medicine practice. The propensity for head and neck surgery to generate aerosols needs special consideration over and above simply adopting personal protective equipment. This study sought to interrogate the literature and evaluate whether which additional measures might provide benefit if routinely adopted in minimising viral transmission."}, {"pmid": 32283164, "pmcid": "PMC7151389", "title": "Clinical and laboratory-derived parameters of 119 hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Xiangyang, Hubei Province, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Shen, Liang", "Li, Shichao", "Zhu, Yufang", "Zhao, Jianzhong", "Tang, Xiaoyong", "Li, Huiqin", "Xing, Hui", "Lu, Mingqing", "Frederick, Christina", "Huang, Canping", "Wong, Gary", "Wang, Chunhua", "Lan, Jiaming"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283164", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511867, "title": "Predictions of Systemic, Intracellular, and Lung Concentrations of Azithromycin with Different Dosing Regimens used in COVID-19 Clinical Trials.", "journal": "CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol", "authors": ["Hughes, Jim H", "Sweeney, Kevin", "Ahadieh, Sima", "Ouellet, Daniele"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511867", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Azithromycin, a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic, is being investigated in patients with COVID-19. A population pharmacokinetic model was implemented to predict lung, intracellular poly/mononuclear cell (PBM/PML), and alveolar macrophage (AM) concentrations using published data and compared against preclinical EC90 for SARS-CoV-2. The final model described the data reported in 8 publications adequately. Consistent with its known properties, concentrations were higher in AM and PBM/PML, followed by lung tissue, and lowest systemically. Simulated PBM/PML concentrations exceeded EC90 following the first dose and for approximately 14 days following 500 mg QD for 3 days or 500 mg QD for 1 day/250 mg QD on days 2-5, 10 days following a single 1000 mg dose, and for more than 20 days with 500 mg QD for 10 days. AM concentrations exceeded the IC90 for more than 20 days for all regimens. These data will better inform optimization of dosing regimens for azithromycin clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32482123, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Health Care Workers: Cross-sectional Analysis of an Otolaryngology Unit.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Paderno, Alberto", "Fior, Milena", "Berretti, Giulia", "Schreiber, Alberto", "Grammatica, Alberto", "Mattavelli, Davide", "Deganello, Alberto"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482123", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The restart of routine in- and outpatient activity in the COVID-19 postepidemic peak needs to be carefully planned in light of specific patterns of viral diffusion. We evaluated SARS-CoV-2 serology in the entire personnel of a COVID-19-free otolaryngology department in a highly affected area. The aim was to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 positivity among staff to clarify the impact of different risk factors for infection. The entire staff of the otolaryngology unit was tested for SARS-CoV-2 serology. Symptomatic staff members were tested with nasal/pharyngeal swabs. All answered a survey focused on the number of in- and extrahospital positive contacts and type of activities in the unit. Five (9%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The only variable associated with a higher risk of infection was the number of extrahospital contacts without personal protective equipment (P = .008). Our study shows that in non-COVID-19 departments, the use of adequate personal protective equipment leads to low rates of infection among health care workers. The prevalent risk of infection was related to extrahospital contact."}, {"pmid": 32277773, "pmcid": "PMC7262298", "title": "An Emergency Amendment to the National Scope of Practice for Paramedics in the Setting of a Global Pandemic.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Boehronger, Brad", "O'Meara, Peter", "Wingrove, Gary", "Nudell, Nikiah G"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277773", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395179, "pmcid": "PMC7206578", "title": "Successful COVID-19 rescue therapy by extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for respiratory failure: a case report.", "journal": "Patient Saf Surg", "authors": ["Firstenberg, Michael S", "Stahel, Philip F", "Hanna, Jennifer", "Kotaru, Chakradhar", "Crossno, Joseph Jr", "Forrester, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395179", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The value of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for patients suffering from novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a rescue therapy for respiratory failure remains controversial and associated with high mortality rates of 50 to 82% in early reports from Wuhan, China. We hypothesized that patient outcomes would be improved at our tertiary cardiothoracic surgery referral center with a protocolized team-approach for ECMO treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 disease. A 51-year-old healthy female developed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) bilateral pneumonia while vacationing in Colorado with her family. She was transferred to our facility for a higher level of care. Her respiratory status continued to deteriorate despite maximized critical care, including prone positioning ventilation and nitric oxide inhalation therapy. Veno-venous ECMO was initiated on hospital day 7 in conjunction with a 10-day course of compassionate use antiviral treatment with remdesivir. The patient's condition improved significantly and she was decannulated from ECMO on hospital day 17 (ECMO day 11). She was successfully extubated and eventually discharged to rehabilitation on hospital day 28. This case report demonstrates a positive outcome in a young patient with COVID-19 treated by the judicious application of ECMO in conjunction with compassionate use antiviral treatment (remdesivir). Future prospective multi-center studies are needed to validate these findings in a larger cohort of patients."}, {"pmid": 32247211, "pmcid": "PMC7102587", "title": "Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19 with or without diabetes: A systematic search and a narrative review with a special reference to India and other developing countries.", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Singh, Awadhesh Kumar", "Singh, Akriti", "Shaikh, Altamash", "Singh, Ritu", "Misra, Anoop"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247211", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No drugs are currently approved for Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), although some have been tried. In view of recent studies and discussion on chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), we aimed to review existing literature and relevant websites regarding these drugs and COVID-19, adverse effects related to drugs, and related guidelines. We systematically searched the PubMed database up till March 21, 2020 and retrieved all the articles published on chloroquine and HCQ and COVID-19. Two small human studies have been conducted with both these drugs in COVID-19, and have shown significant improvement in some parameters in patients with COVID-19. Considering minimal risk upon use, a long experience of use in other diseases, cost-effectiveness and easy availability across India, we propose that both these drugs are worthy of fast track clinical trial for treatment, and may be carefully considered for clinical use as experimental drugs. Since HCQ has been approved for treatment of diabetes in India, it should be further researched in diabetes and COVID-19, a subgroup where significant mortality has been shown."}, {"pmid": 32517769, "title": "Histopathology of COVID-19 pneumonia in two non-oncological, non-hospitalised cases as a reliable diagnostic benchmark.", "journal": "Diagn Pathol", "authors": ["Scendoni, Roberto", "Marchesani, Francesca", "Cannovo, Nunzia", "Fedeli, Piergiorgio", "Cingolani, Mariano"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517769", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In lung cancer patients infected with COVID-19, pathological features are not easy to distinguish. This report presents detailed histopathological findings in two non-neoplastic subjects whose out-of-hospital deaths were caused by COVID-19 infection. These 'pure' cases differ in the time of presentation of symptoms, the phase of lung anatomopathological patterns (acute lung injury versus diffuse alveolar damage) and the mechanism of death. The results provide a valid diagnostic benchmark for evaluating the evolution of COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32475804, "pmcid": "PMC7247978", "title": "Spontaneous pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema in COVID-19 patient: Case report.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Ucpinar, Burcin Agridag", "Sahin, Cennet", "Yanc, Ugur"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475804", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome virus coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). As known, COVID-19 has become a global pandemic and serious health problem. Disease mainly affects lungs and common findings are fever cough and shortness of breath. Computerized tomography (CT) has an important role in initial evaluation and follow up of COVID-19. Main (CT) finding of the disease is bilateral extensive ground-glass opacification (GGO) with a peripheral or posterior distribution, mainly involving the lower lobes. In this case report, we present a pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema case in a patient with COVID-19. To the best of authors' knowledge, it is the first illustrated case of pneumothorax accompanying COVID-19 pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32422078, "title": "Effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnant women and their infants: A retrospective study in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Arch Pathol Lab Med", "authors": ["Yang, Hui", "Hu, Bin", "Zhan, Sudong", "Yang, Li-Ye", "Xiong, Guoping"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422078", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Context: The pandemic of a novel coronavirus, termed SARS-CoV-2, has created an unprecedented global health burden. Objective: To investigate the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and other poor obstetrical outcomes. Design: All suspected cases of pregnant women with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) admitted into one center of Wuhan from Jan 20, 2020 to March 19, 2020 were included. Detailed clinical data of those pregnancies with COVID-19 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results: Twenty-seven laboratory or clinically confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection pregnant women (4 early pregnancies included) and 24 neonates born to the 23 late pregnant mothers were analyzed. On admission, 46.2% (13/27) of the patients had symptoms, including fever (11/27), cough (9/27) and vomiting (1/27). Decreased total lymphocytes count was observed in 81.6% (22/27) patients. Twenty-six patients showed typical viral pneumonia by chest computed tomography (CT) scan, while one patient confirmed with COVID-19 infection showed no abnormality on chest CT. One mother developed severe pneumonia three days after her delivery. No maternal and perinatal death occurred. Moreover, one early preterm newborn, born to a mother with complication of premature rupture of fetal membranes, highly suspected with SARS-CoV-2 infection, was SARS-CoV-2 negative after repeated real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing. Statistical difference was observed between the groups of early pregnant and late pregnant women with COVID-19 in the occurrence of lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia. Conclusions: No major complication were reported among the studied cohort, though one serious case and one perinatal infection were observed. Much effort should be done to reduce the pathogenic effect of COVID-19 infection in pregnancies."}, {"pmid": 32387004, "pmcid": "PMC7252186", "title": "Digital physical therapy in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Braz J Phys Ther", "authors": ["Dantas, Lucas Ogura", "Barreto, Rodrigo Py Goncalves", "Ferreira, Cristine Homsi Jorge"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387004", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32114748, "title": "[A special on epidemic prevention and control: precautions in ophthalmic practice in the prevention and control of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, N L", "Jie, Y", "Tao, F B"], "date": "2020-03-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32114748", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This article was published ahead of print on the official website of Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology on March 2, 2020. Prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia is now the top priority, and the protection of the eyes in the fight against the epidemic has also been an issue of great concern. Based on the latest progress made in basic and clinical research and practical experience in epidemic prevention and control, this article delivers objective guidance on whether the eye is a route of transmission of novel coronavirus infection, the precautions that should be taken by ophthalmologists in clinical practice during the epidemic, the novel coronavirus infection in the eyes and its clinical manifestation, and the public health education on eye protection, so as to provide valuable evidence for the scientific prevention and control of the epidemic and developing targeted countermeasures. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2020, 56: 330-332)."}, {"pmid": 32397906, "pmcid": "PMC7256352", "title": "Development of remdesivir repositioning as a nucleotide analog against COVID-19 RNA dependent RNA polymerase.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Babadaei, Mohammad Mahdi Nejadi", "Hasan, Anwarul", "Vahdani, Yasaman", "Bloukh, Samir Haj", "Sharifi, Majid", "Kachooei, Ehsan", "Haghighat, Setareh", "Falahati, Mojtaba"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397906", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative representative of a severe respiratory illness resulted in widespread human infections and deaths in nearly all of the countries since late 2019. There is no therapeutic FDA-approved drug against SARS-CoV-2 infection, although a combination of anti-viral drugs is directly being practiced in some countries. A broad-spectrum of antiviral agents are being currently evaluated in clinical trials, and in this review, we specifically focus on the application of Remdesivir (RVD) as a potential anti-viral compound against Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) -CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. First, we overview the general information about SARS-CoV-2, followed by application of RDV as a nucleotide analogue which can potentially inhibits RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of COVs. Afterwards, we discussed the kinetics of SARS- or MERS-CoV proliferation in animal models which is significantly different compared to that in humans. Finally, some ongoing challenges and future perspective on the application of RDV either alone or in combination with other anti-viral agents against CoVs infection were surveyed to determine the efficiency of RDV in preclinical trials. As a result, this paper provides crucial evidence of the potency of RDV to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infections.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma."}, {"pmid": 32418065, "pmcid": "PMC7229432", "title": "Added value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT in a SARS-CoV-2-infected complex case with persistent fever.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Kamani, Christel H", "Jreige, Mario", "Pappon, Martin", "Fischbacher, Arnaud", "Borens, Olivier", "Monney, Pierre", "Nicod Lalonde, Marie", "Schaefer, Niklaus", "Prior, John O"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418065", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301809, "pmcid": "PMC7188054", "title": "A Low Cost, Safe and Effective Method for Smoke Evacuation in Laparoscopic Surgery for Suspected Coronavirus Patients.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Mintz, Yoav", "Arezzo, Alberto", "Boni, Luigi", "Chand, Manish", "Brodie, Ronit", "Fingerhut, Abe"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301809", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442489, "pmcid": "PMC7237180", "title": "Shared sanitation and the spread of COVID-19: risks and next steps.", "journal": "Lancet Planet Health", "authors": ["Caruso, Bethany A", "Freeman, Matthew C"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442489", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358996, "pmcid": "PMC7267648", "title": "Skin signs resembling vascular acrosyndromes during the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "Clin Exp Dermatol", "authors": ["Tosti, G", "Barisani, A", "Queirolo, P", "Pennacchioli, E", "Villa, L", "Lodeserto, A M", "Vaccari, S"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358996", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32004427, "pmcid": "PMC7092802", "title": "First Case of 2019 Novel Coronavirus in the United States.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Holshue, Michelle L", "DeBolt, Chas", "Lindquist, Scott", "Lofy, Kathy H", "Wiesman, John", "Bruce, Hollianne", "Spitters, Christopher", "Ericson, Keith", "Wilkerson, Sara", "Tural, Ahmet", "Diaz, George", "Cohn, Amanda", "Fox, LeAnne", "Patel, Anita", "Gerber, Susan I", "Kim, Lindsay", "Tong, Suxiang", "Lu, Xiaoyan", "Lindstrom, Steve", "Pallansch, Mark A", "Weldon, William C", "Biggs, Holly M", "Uyeki, Timothy M", "Pillai, Satish K"], "date": "2020-02-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32004427", "countries": ["China", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) that began in Wuhan, China, has spread rapidly, with cases now confirmed in multiple countries. We report the first case of 2019-nCoV infection confirmed in the United States and describe the identification, diagnosis, clinical course, and management of the case, including the patient's initial mild symptoms at presentation with progression to pneumonia on day 9 of illness. This case highlights the importance of close coordination between clinicians and public health authorities at the local, state, and federal levels, as well as the need for rapid dissemination of clinical information related to the care of patients with this emerging infection."}, {"pmid": 32482336, "pmcid": "PMC7245245", "title": "Adjusting to the new reality: Evaluation of early practice pattern adaptations to the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Gynecol Oncol", "authors": ["Nakayama, John", "El-Nashar, Sherif A", "Waggoner, Steven", "Traughber, Bryan", "Kesterson, Joshua"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482336", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aim to define national practice patterns to assess current clinical practice, anticipated delays and areas of concern that potentially could lead to deviations from the normal standard of care. Anonymous surveys were emailed to members of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO). The spread of COVID-19 and its impact on gynecologic oncology care in terms of alterations to normal treatment patterns and anticipated challenges were assessed. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was performed to determine risk factors for COVID-19 infection. We analyzed the responses of 331 gynecologic oncology providers. COVID-19 is present in 99.1% of surveyed communities with 99.7% reporting mitigation efforts in effect. The infection rate differs significantly between regions (p\u226a0.001) with the Northeast reporting the highest number of COVID-19 cases. Practice volume has dropped by 61.6% since the start of the pandemic with most cancellations being provider initiated. A majority of responders (52.8%) believed that ovarian cancer will be the most affected cancer by COVID-19. >94% of responders are proceeding with gynecologic cancer surgeries with exception of grade 1, endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma (36.3%). Surgical backlog (58.6%), delayed cancer diagnosis (43.2%) and re-establishing normal care with delayed patient (37.8%) were identified as the top 3 challenges after COVID-19 has abated. COVID-19 is widespread and has radically altered normal practice patterns. Despite COVID-19 related concerns, most gynecologic oncology care is proceeding. However, the steep decline in clinical volume shows there is a large group of patients who are not being diagnosed or are deferring care."}, {"pmid": 32469265, "title": "Docking study of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine interaction with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-An in silico insight into the comparative efficacy of repurposing antiviral drugs.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Amin, Muhammad", "Abbas, Ghazanfer"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32469265", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recent outbreak of novel Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) pandemic around the world is associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome. The death toll associated with the pandemic is increasing day by day. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus and there are ample evidences that its Spike protein (S-protein) is mainly associated with pathogenesis as it is surface-exposed and mediates entry into host cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor. Therefore, it is the main target of neutralizing antibodies upon infection and there is always a quest to inhibit the S-protein which in turn may help in controlling diseases caused by SARS-CoV-2 in humans. The role of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as potential treatments for Covid-19 is still under debate globally because of some side effects associated with it. This study involves the In silico interactions of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine with the S-protein of SARS-CoV-2. With the help of various computational methods, we have re-explored the potential role of both of these antiviral drugs for the treatment of Covid-19 patients by comparing the efficacy of both of the drugs to bind to S-protein at its host receptor region. In our research Hydroxychloroquine exhibited potential inhibitory effectsof S-protein with binding energy -7.28\u2009kcal/mol than Chloroquine (-6.30\u2009kcal/mol) at SARS-CoV-2 receptor recognition of susceptible cells. The outcomes of this research strongly appeal for in vivo trials of Hydroxychloroquine for the patients infected with Covid-19. Furthermore, the recommended doses of Hydroxychloroquine may reduce the chances of catching Covid-19 to the healthcare workers and staff who are in contact with or delivering direct care to coronavirus patients as long as they have not been diagnosed with Covid-19. We further hypothesize that the comparative S-protein-drug docking interactions may help to understand the comparative efficacy of other candidate repurposing drugs until discovery of a proper vaccine."}, {"pmid": 32450718, "title": "Ophthalmology and SARS-CoV-2: Blind toward those who fight blindness?", "journal": "Eur J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Arrigo, Alessandro", "Aragona, Emanuela", "Parodi, Maurizio Battaglia", "Loperfido, Francesco", "Bandello, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450718", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 infection recently reached pandemic proportions, with high risk of death for the worldwide population. In this dramatic scenario, all the resources are addressed to the intensive care units for the assessment of the emergency. However, more attention should be paid with respect to the risk of viral diffusion among asymptomatic people. Italy is the second most involved country in the world, and we needed to gain a lot of experience in a very limited time. At least 1\u00a0m of distance among people is recommended; however, some clinical practices cannot allow this distance. In this context, we believe that the careful safety assessment of clinical settings, like ophthalmologic ones, may have a remarkable impact on the fight against SARS-CoV-2 spread."}, {"pmid": 32342880, "pmcid": "PMC7194744", "title": "Prevention and control measure to avoid cross infection during radiotherapy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["Zhang, Li", "Zheng, Zuan", "Hu, Guangyuan", "Yuan, Xianglin"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342880", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32283316, "pmcid": "PMC7151422", "title": "Early Appearance of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Associated Pulmonary Infiltrates During Daily Radiotherapy Imaging for Lung Cancer.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Suppli, Morten Hiul", "Riisgaard de Blanck, Steen", "Elgaard, Tenna", "Josipovic, Mirjana", "Pohl, Mette"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283316", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329659, "title": "Role of Telehealth in the Management of COVID-19: Lessons Learned from Previous SARS, MERS, and Ebola Outbreaks.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Keshvardoost, Sareh", "Bahaadinbeigy, Kambiz", "Fatehi, Farhad"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329659", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Concerns about the prevention and management of COVID-19 are on the rise, as it is crucial in contagious epidemics that travel and transfer of the patients be minimal for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-ups. Telemedicine or telehealth can play an important role, especially with previous successful experiences in the management of acute infectious respiratory epidemics such as SARS and MERS. In order to better control the rapid spread of coronavirus and manage the COVID-19 crisis, both developed and developing countries can improve the efficiency of their health system by replacing a proportion of face-to-face clinical encounters with telehealth. Recent technological advancement facilitates this reform, but there is a need for national or state-wide rules and regulations to be adapted accordingly."}, {"pmid": 32332912, "title": "Coronavirus shutdown forces research ship to break out of Arctic ice.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Hall, Shannon"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32332912", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32450934, "title": "Practical Guidance for Outpatient Spasticity Management during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: Canadian Spasticity COVID-19 Task Force.", "journal": "Can J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Reebye, Rajiv", "Finlayson, Heather", "May, Curtis", "Satkunam, Lalith", "Wein, Theodore", "Miller, Thomas", "Boulias, Chris", "O'Connell, Colleen", "Bohorquez, Anibal", "Dukelow, Sean", "Ethans, Karen", "Ismail, Farooq", "Khalil, Waill", "Khan, Omar", "Lagnau, Philippe", "McNeill, Stephen", "Mills, Patricia", "Sirois, Genevieve", "Winston, Paul"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450934", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32122250, "pmcid": "PMC7067171", "title": "Public's early response to the novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Zhan, Siyi", "Yang, Ying Ying", "Fu, Chuanxi"], "date": "2020-03-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32122250", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32036774, "pmcid": "PMC7054940", "title": "Emerging novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV)-current scenario, evolutionary perspective based on genome analysis and recent developments.", "journal": "Vet Q", "authors": ["Malik, Yashpal Singh", "Sircar, Shubhankar", "Bhat, Sudipta", "Sharun, Khan", "Dhama, Kuldeep", "Dadar, Maryam", "Tiwari, Ruchi", "Chaicumpa, Wanpen"], "date": "2020-02-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32036774", "countries": ["China", "Philippines"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronaviruses are the well-known cause of severe respiratory, enteric and systemic infections in a wide range of hosts including man, mammals, fish, and avian. The scientific interest on coronaviruses increased after the emergence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) outbreaks in 2002-2003 followed by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV). This decade's first CoV, named 2019-nCoV, emerged from Wuhan, China, and declared as 'Public Health Emergency of International Concern' on January 30th, 2020 by the World Health Organization (WHO). As on February 4, 2020, 425 deaths reported in China only and one death outside China (Philippines). In a short span of time, the virus spread has been noted in 24 countries. The zoonotic transmission (animal-to-human) is suspected as the route of disease origin. The genetic analyses predict bats as the most probable source of 2019-nCoV though further investigations needed to confirm the origin of the novel virus. The ongoing nCoV outbreak highlights the hidden wild animal reservoir of the deadly viruses and possible threat of spillover zoonoses as well. The successful virus isolation attempts have made doors open for developing better diagnostics and effective vaccines helping in combating the spread of the virus to newer areas."}, {"pmid": 32473231, "pmcid": "PMC7251352", "title": "Cardiovascular disease as a risk factor of disease progression in COVID-19: The corrected effect size and forest plot.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Varikasuvu, Seshadri Reddy", "Dutt, Naveen"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473231", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32517835, "title": "Delayed Recognition of Community Transmission of COVID-19 Resulting in Healthcare Worker Infections.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Dantes, Raymund B", "Jones, Tait T", "Neujahr, David C"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32517835", "countries": ["Georgia", "United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We describe a case of delayed COVID-19 diagnosis due to unrecognized community transmission in Atlanta, Georgia in mid-February 2020. This case resulted in transmission of COVID-19 to three of the four healthcare workers present during a diagnostic bronchoscopy procedure where only procedural masks were worn."}, {"pmid": 32516045, "title": "A different way of nursing.", "journal": "Br J Nurs", "authors": ["Foster, Sam"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516045", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, considers how different ways of working during the COVID-19 emergency have led nurses to reflect on and change the way they nurse."}, {"pmid": 32397138, "title": "A Systematic Review Analyzing the Prevalence and Circulation of Influenza Viruses in Swine Population Worldwide.", "journal": "Pathogens", "authors": ["Chauhan, Ravendra P", "Gordon, Michelle L"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32397138", "countries": ["Canada", "Egypt", "Korea, Republic of", "Australia", "China", "United States", "Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global anxiety and a significant threat to public health due to the current COVID-19 pandemic reiterate the need for active surveillance for the zoonotic virus diseases of pandemic potential. Influenza virus due to its wide host range and zoonotic potential poses such a significant threat to public health. Swine serve as a \"mixing vessel\" for influenza virus reassortment and evolution which as a result may facilitate the emergence of new strains or subtypes of zoonotic potential. In this context, the currently available scientific data hold a high significance to unravel influenza virus epidemiology and evolution. With this objective, the current systematic review summarizes the original research articles and case reports of all the four types of influenza viruses reported in swine populations worldwide. A total of 281 articles were found eligible through screening of PubMed and Google Scholar databases and hence were included in this systematic review. The highest number of research articles (n = 107) were reported from Asia, followed by Americas (n = 97), Europe (n = 55), Africa (n = 18), and Australia (n = 4). The H1N1, H1N2, H3N2, and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were the most common influenza A virus subtypes reported in swine in most countries across the globe, however, few strains of influenza B, C, and D viruses were also reported in certain countries. Multiple reports of the avian influenza virus strains documented in the last two decades in swine in China, the United States, Canada, South Korea, Nigeria, and Egypt provided the evidence of interspecies transmission of influenza viruses from birds to swine. Inter-species transmission of equine influenza virus H3N8 from horse to swine in China expanded the genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses. Additionally, numerous reports of the double and triple-reassortant strains which emerged due to reassortments among avian, human, and swine strains within swine further increased the genetic diversity of swine influenza viruses. These findings are alarming hence active surveillance should be in place to prevent future influenza pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32357957, "title": "Covid-19: NHS outlines services to be prioritised to restart in next six weeks.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Iacobucci, Gareth"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357957", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32315599, "pmcid": "PMC7151526", "title": "Academic Radiology Departmental Operational Strategy Related to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Radiol", "authors": ["Prabhakar, Anand M", "Glover, McKinley 4th", "Schaefer, Pamela W", "Brink, James A"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32315599", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360500, "pmcid": "PMC7187854", "title": "Clinical and transmission dynamics characteristics of 406 children with coronavirus disease 2019 in China: A review.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Zhen-Dong, Yang", "Gao-Jun, Zhou", "Run-Ming, Jin", "Zhi-Sheng, Liu", "Zong-Qi, Dong", "Xiong, Xie", "Guo-Wei, Song"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360500", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Chinese pediatricians are working on the front line to fight COVID-19. They have published a great amount of first-hand clinical data. Collecting their data and forming a large sample for analysis is more conducive to the recognition, prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in children. The epidemic prevention and control experience of Chinese pediatricians should be shared with the world. By searching Chinese and English literature, the data of 406 children with COVID-19 in China were analyzed. It was found that the clustered incidence of children's families is a dynamic transmission feature; the incidence is low; asymptomatic infections and mild cases account for 44.8%, with only 7 cases of critical illness; laboratory examination of lymphocyte counts is not reduced, as it is for adults; chest CT findings are less severe than those for adults. These presentations are the clinical features of COVID-19 in children. Only 55 of the 406 cases were tested by anal swab for virus nucleic acid, 45 of which were positive, accounting for 81.8% of stool samples. There are more children than adults with asymptomatic infections, milder conditions, faster recovery, and a better prognosis. Some concealed morbidity characteristics also bring difficulties to the early identification, prevention and control of COVID-19. COVID-19 screening is needed in the pediatric fever clinic, and respiratory and digestive tract nucleic acid tests should be performed. Efforts should be made to prevent children from becoming a hidden source of transmission in kindergartens, schools or families. Furthermore, China's experience in treating COVID-19 in children has led to faster recovery of sick children."}, {"pmid": 32321003, "title": "Use of facemasks to limit COVID-19 transmission.", "journal": "Epidemiol Serv Saude", "authors": ["Garcia, Leila Posenato"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321003", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32429121, "title": "Forecasting COVID-19-Associated Hospitalizations under Different Levels of Social Distancing in Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, Northern Italy: Results from an Extended SEIR Compartmental Model.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Reno, Chiara", "Lenzi, Jacopo", "Navarra, Antonio", "Barelli, Eleonora", "Gori, Davide", "Lanza, Alessandro", "Valentini, Riccardo", "Tang, Biao", "Fantini, Maria Pia"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32429121", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. As of 17 April 2020, more than 2 million cases of COVID-19 have been reported worldwide. Northern Italy is one of the world's centers of active coronavirus cases. In this study, we predicted the spread of COVID-19 and its burden on hospital care under different conditions of social distancing in Lombardy and Emilia-Romagna, the two regions of Italy most affected by the epidemic. To do this, we used a Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) deterministic model, which encompasses compartments relevant to public health interventions such as quarantine. A new compartment L was added to the model for isolated infected population, i.e., individuals tested positives that do not need hospital care. We found that in Lombardy restrictive containment measures should be prolonged at least until early July to avoid a resurgence of hospitalizations; on the other hand, in Emilia-Romagna the number of hospitalized cases could be kept under a reasonable amount with a higher contact rate. Our results suggest that territory-specific forecasts under different scenarios are crucial to enhance or take new containment measures during the epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32403182, "pmcid": "PMC7272921", "title": "How to Effectively Support Patients with Rheumatic Conditions Now and Beyond COVID-19.", "journal": "ACR Open Rheumatol", "authors": ["Decary, Simon", "Barton, Jennifer L", "Proulx, Laurie", "Richards, Dawn P", "Paterson, Gail", "de Wit, Maarten", "Toupin-April, Karine"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403182", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "May 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold. Governments are investing in public health, clinical and research efforts to avoid the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, reduce the number of deaths and prevent the collapse of health care systems. However, this pandemic will have unprecedented consequences for people who live with chronic conditions for the months and even years to come without coordinated actions."}, {"pmid": 32022836, "title": "2019 Novel Coronavirus-Important Information for Clinicians.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Del Rio, Carlos", "Malani, Preeti N"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32022836", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32464102, "pmcid": "PMC7247784", "title": "Health care for chronic neurological patients after COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Neurol", "authors": ["Antonini, Angelo"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464102", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356025, "pmcid": "PMC7192563", "title": "Early histologic findings of pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 infection detected in a surgical specimen.", "journal": "Virchows Arch", "authors": ["Pernazza, Angelina", "Mancini, Massimiliano", "Rullo, Emma", "Bassi, Massimiliano", "De Giacomo, Tiziano", "Rocca, Carlo Della", "d'Amati, Giulia"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356025", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite the current pandemic season, reports on pathologic features of coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) are exceedingly rare at the present time. Here we describe the pathologic features of early lung involvement by Covid-19 in a surgical sample resected for carcinoma from a patient who developed SARS-CoV-2 infection soon after surgery. The main histologic findings observed were pneumocyte damage, alveolar hemorrhages with clustering of macrophages, prominent and diffuse neutrophilic margination within septal vessels, and interstitial inflammatory infiltrates, mainly represented by CD8+ T lymphocytes. These features are similar to those previously described in SARS-CoV-1 infection. Subtle histologic changes suggestive pulmonary involvement by Covid-19 may be accidentally encountered in routine pathology practice, especially when extensive sampling is performed for histology. These findings should be carefully interpreted in light of the clinical context of the patient and could prompt a pharyngeal swab PCR test to rule out the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection in asymptomatic patients."}, {"pmid": 32460966, "pmcid": "PMC7241331", "title": "Self-quarantine and weight gain related risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Obes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Zachary, Zeigler", "Brianna, Forbes", "Brianna, Lopez", "Garrett, Pedersen", "Jade, Welty", "Alyssa, Deyo", "Mikayla, Kerekes"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460966", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact that self-quarantine has on behaviors associated with weight gain. This was a quantitative descriptive/correlational research design. Research announcement was sent out via Facebook to 1200 possible participants. Six surveys were condensed into a single Survey Monkey questionnaire for participants to complete. Surveys asked questions relating to risk factors linked to weight gain. Ninety-one percent of our sample stated they spend more time at home now than before COVID-19. Twenty-two percent of the sample stated they gained 5-10 pounds. Within those who gained 5-10 pounds, there was a significantly higher percentage of the total sample who reported they increased eating in response to sight and smell (p = .048), eating in response to stress (p = .041), and snacking after dinner (p = .016) compared to those who stated they did not change those behaviors at all. There were significant relationships between predictor variables hours of sleep per night and physical activity time on reported weight gain (r = -.195, p = .021, r = -.155, p = .034, respectively). Risk factors for weight gain during self-quarantine are inadequate sleep, snacking after dinner, lack of dietary restraint, eating in response to stress, and reduced physical activity."}, {"pmid": 32384387, "title": "A Postpartum Death Due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the United States.", "journal": "Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Vallejo, Victoria", "Ilagan, John G"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384387", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Limited U.S. reports of pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection describe a few critical cases and no maternal mortality. A 36-year-old patient at 37 weeks of gestation presented with shortness of breath, fever, cough, and sore throat for 1 week. Within 3 hours of admission, she experienced respiratory distress, required intubation, and underwent cesarean delivery and transfer to the intensive care unit. She subsequently decompensated, with multiorgan failure, sepsis, and cardiopulmonary arrest within 36 hours, despite aggressive supportive care and investigational therapies. A pregnant patient with COVID-19 infection can experience a rapid onset of critical complications that may prove fatal, despite an indolent presentation. The pathogenesis leading to rapid deterioration is unknown."}, {"pmid": 32489191, "title": "Italian validation of CoViD-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index and preliminary data in a sample of general population.", "journal": "Riv Psichiatr", "authors": ["Costantini, Anna", "Mazzotti, Eva"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32489191", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Peritraumatic distress is an important predictor of post-traumatic stress disorder and although several questionnaires are available for its measurement, none of these are specific to CoViD-19. The new CoViD-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI), developed in China, is characterized as a rapid compilation tool (10 minutes), easily understandable and appreciated by people. The objectives of this study were: (1) the validation of the Italian version of the CPDI, and (2) the measurement of the prevalence of peritraumatic distress in this phase 1 CoViD-19. CPDI has been translated using a standard forward-backward-translation procedure and offered online to 329 people (191 females and 137 males, aged 46.49 \u00b1 13.58 years). The CPDI showed an internal-consistency of Cronbach's \u03b1 =0.916. Content validity was judged satisfactory by two psychologists experienced in stress and trauma. The construct validity is given by the high correlation with the dimensions of Intrusion, Avoidance and Hyperarousal as measured by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (r=0.63, r=0.57, r=0.71, respectively). Our results are comparable to the Chinese ones. A third of people experienced symptoms of mild/moderate and severe peritraumatic distress. Females have higher scores, compared to males. Older people are more resilient, compared to younger, and those who have been in quarantine report less distress than those didn't, as evidenced by the results of the multivariate logistic regression model. High distress was associated with use of psychotropic drugs (AOR=4.28; 95% CI=1.55-11.85), sleeping remedies (AOR=4.05; 95% CI=2.07-7.94), be worried about dying in case of contagion CoViD-19 (AOR=3.33; 95% CI=1.83-6.06), female gender (AOR=2.95; 95% CI=1.58-5.53) and have a religious belief (AOR=1.97; 95% CI=1.05-3.70). To be aged 51-71 years, to have been in quarantine and to have received psychological support were variables associated with lower distress scores. The psychometric properties of the Italian version are satisfactory and confirm that CPDI is a tool fast, non-intrusive, administered online, and therefore 'safe' in a phase with a high risk of contagion. It allows, like a psychic thermoscan, to quickly detect the needs of the population and propose equally rapid interventions."}, {"pmid": 32330458, "pmcid": "PMC7173814", "title": "Effect of changing case definitions for COVID-19 on the epidemic curve and transmission parameters in mainland China: a modelling study.", "journal": "Lancet Public Health", "authors": ["Tsang, Tim K", "Wu, Peng", "Lin, Yun", "Lau, Eric H Y", "Leung, Gabriel M", "Cowling, Benjamin J"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330458", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "When a new infectious disease emerges, appropriate case definitions are important for clinical diagnosis and for public health surveillance. Tracking case numbers over time is important to establish the speed of spread and the effectiveness of interventions. We aimed to assess whether changes in case definitions affected inferences on the transmission dynamics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China. We examined changes in the case definition for COVID-19 in mainland China during the first epidemic wave. We used exponential growth models to estimate how changes in the case definitions affected the number of cases reported each day. We then inferred how the epidemic curve would have appeared if the same case definition had been used throughout the epidemic. From Jan 15 to March 3, 2020, seven versions of the case definition for COVID-19 were issued by the National Health Commission in China. We estimated that when the case definitions were changed, the proportion of infections being detected as cases increased by 7\u00b71 times (95% credible interval [CrI] 4\u00b78-10\u00b79) from version 1 to 2, 2\u00b78 times (1\u00b79-4\u00b72) from version 2 to 4, and 4\u00b72 times (2\u00b76-7\u00b73) from version 4 to 5. If the fifth version of the case definition had been applied throughout the outbreak with sufficient testing capacity, we estimated that by Feb 20, 2020, there would have been 232\u2008000 (95% CrI 161\u2008000-359\u2008000) confirmed cases in China as opposed to the 55\u2008508 confirmed cases reported. The case definition was initially narrow and was gradually broadened to allow detection of more cases as knowledge increased, particularly milder cases and those without epidemiological links to Wuhan, China, or other known cases. These changes should be taken into account when making inferences on epidemic growth rates and doubling times, and therefore on the reproductive number, to avoid bias. Health and Medical Research Fund, Hong Kong."}, {"pmid": 32201054, "pmcid": "PMC7270367", "title": "Contact lens practice in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Cont Lens Anterior Eye", "authors": ["Zeri, Fabrizio", "Naroo, Shehzad A"], "date": "2020-03-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32201054", "topics": ["Prevention", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367852, "title": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 and novel coronavirus disease 2019: An extraordinary pandemic.", "journal": "Lung India", "authors": ["Singh, Sheetu", "Sharma, Bharat Bhushan"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367852", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has emerged as one of the most significant illnesses of the current century. It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The world was initially viewing it as a localized outbreak in Wuhan city of China; however, it started spreading quickly to other parts of the world. Globally, half-hearted containment measures and a false sense of safety against this novel coronavirus led to the dissemination of disease. Currently, no effective therapy or vaccine is available to manage this illness. After learning a huge lesson, global efforts would hopefully lead to effective control of this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32358956, "pmcid": "PMC7197530", "title": "Longitudinal Change of SARS-Cov2 Antibodies in Patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhang, Guoxin", "Nie, Shuke", "Zhang, Zhaohui", "Zhang, Zhentao"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358956", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has recently emerged and caused the rapid spread of COVID-19 worldwide. We did a retrospective study and included COVID-19 patients admitted to Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between February 1 and February 29, 2020. Antibody assay was conducted to detect COVID-19 envelope protein E and nucleocapsid protein N antigen. 112 patients were recruited with symptoms of fever, cough, fatigue, myalgia, and diarrhoea. All patients underwent antibody tests. Fifty-eight (51.79%) were positive for both IgM and IgG, 7 (6.25%) were negative for both antibodies, 1 (0.89%) was positive for only IgM, and 46 (41.07%) were positive for only IgG. IgM antibody appeared within a week post disease onset, and lasted for one month and gradually decreased, while IgG antibody was produced 10 days after infection, and lasted for a longer time. However, no significant difference in level of IgM and IgG antibody between positive and negative patients of nucleic acid test after treatment was found. Our results indicate that serological tests could be powerful approach for the early diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32342146, "pmcid": "PMC7186185", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic: is a gender-defined dosage effect responsible for the high mortality rate among males?", "journal": "Immunogenetics", "authors": ["de Groot, Natasja G", "Bontrop, Ronald E"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342146", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32157862, "pmcid": "PMC7161622", "title": "CT Manifestations of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia: A Case Report", "journal": "Balkan Med J", "authors": ["An, Peng", "Song, Ping", "Lian, Kai", "Wang, Yong"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32157862", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the outbreak of the novel coronavirus has impacted nearly >90,000 people in more than 75 countries. In this case report, we aim to define the chest computed tomography findings of 2019-novel coronavirus associated with pneumonia and its successful resolution after treatment. A fifty-year-old female patient, who is a businesswoman, presented with chief complaints of \u201cfever for one week, diarrhea, anorexia, and asthenia.\u201d Initially, she was given Tamiflu. The influenza A virus serology was negative. Three days later, levofloxacin was started because the patient\u2019s symptoms did not improve. The novel coronavirus nucleic acid test was negative. It was noted that before the onset of the disease, the patient went to Wuhan on a business trip. Despite the given treatment, her body temperature rose to 39.2\u00b0C and she was referred to our clinic for further evaluation. Then, chest computed tomography was performed and showed bilateral multifocal ground glass opacities with consolidation which suggested viral pneumonia as a differential diagnosis, and the subsequent 2019-novel coronavirus pneumonia nucleic acid test was positive. Chest computed tomography offers fast and convenient evaluation of patients with suspected 2019-novel coronavirus pneumonia."}, {"pmid": 32503621, "pmcid": "PMC7274512", "title": "Angiotensin II administration to COVID-19 patients is not advisable.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Speth, Robert C"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503621", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391999, "title": "[Chloroquine as a possible treatment for COVID-19].", "journal": "Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd", "authors": ["Coumou, Jeroen", "de Vries, Peter J"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391999", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of COVID-19, chloroquine has been mentioned as a possible treatment. In vitro studies have shown anti-viral activity of chloroquine against SARS-CoV-2. Recently, the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment published treatment options for antiviral treatment for COVID-19 where chloroquine was suggested as first choice for off-label treatment, beside remdesivir en lopinavir/ritonavir. In this commentary, we provide a background and history of chloroquine, the evidence for antiviral efficacy of chloroquine and the arguments for off-label use of chloroquine in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32409956, "pmcid": "PMC7221330", "title": "Possible application of H2S-producing compounds in therapy of coronavirus (COVID-19) infection and pneumonia.", "journal": "Cell Stress Chaperones", "authors": ["Evgen'ev, Mikhail B", "Frenkel, Anton"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409956", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32474984, "title": "Recommendations for Diagnosis and Treatment of Onychomycosis During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Lipner, Shari R", "Ricardo, Jose W"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32474984", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492726, "title": "[Case report of contact allergy to filtering facepiece class 2 mask of a medical worker during Covid-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Laryngorhinootologie", "authors": ["Klimek, L", "Spielhaupter, M", "Alali, A", "Freudelsperger, L", "Cichy, M", "Huppertz, T", "Hagemann, J"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492726", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442522, "pmcid": "PMC7237192", "title": "Tale of three seeding patterns of SARS-CoV-2 in Saudi Arabia.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Memish, Ziad A", "Aljerian, Nawfal", "Ebrahim, Shahul H"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442522", "countries": ["Saudi Arabia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32393448, "title": "The ICMR bulletin on targeted hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis for Covid-19: Need to interpret with caution.", "journal": "Indian J Med Ethics", "authors": ["D'Cruz, Migita"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32393448", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The National Task Force for Covid-19 of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in a bulletin dated March 21, 2020 recommended the use of hydroxychloroquine for prophylaxis in asymptomatic health care workers caring for suspected or confirmed patients and household contacts of confirmed patients. This is cause for concern with regard to bioethics and good clinical practice. The evidence for the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine is currently derived from open label trials and cell culture studies with no conclusive evidence available from randomised clinical trials. Hydroxychloroquine also carries contraindications in the case of conditions such as maculopathy, retinopathy and QTc prolongation and should be used with caution in vulnerable populations such as children, pregnancy, lactation and the elderly. Despite this, there has been a rush to procure and self-medicate with hydroxychloroquine, which has been addressed by the National Task Force. The WHO and the FDA have not found adequate evidence to recommend any specific medication for the treatment of Covid-19. While further evidence is awaited, including from trials registered with the FDA and the ICMR, it is recommended that the administration of hydroxychloroquine for chemo-prophylaxis be considered on a case by case basis with monitoring by a registered medical practitioner including electrocardiography (ECG). The potential for retinal and cardiac toxicity must also be borne in mind. It is further recommended that a public advisory regarding the need for caution in chemo-prophylaxis be made available in the public domain. Keywords: Coronavirus, Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, chemoprophylaxis, bioethics, evidence- based medicine."}, {"pmid": 32404885, "pmcid": "PMC7220587", "title": "The COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative, a global initiative to elucidate the role of host genetic factors in susceptibility and severity of the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Hum Genet", "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404885", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390931, "pmcid": "PMC7188982", "title": "A Case of Coronavirus Disease 2019 With Concomitant Acute Cerebral Infarction and Deep Vein Thrombosis.", "journal": "Front Neurol", "authors": ["Zhou, Bo", "She, Jianqing", "Wang, Yadan", "Ma, Xiancang"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390931", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report a case of a 75-year-old woman diagnosed with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complicated by acute cerebral infarction. The patient was admitted to our hospital on 5 February 2020 with severe COVID-19. On 20 February 2020, she was diagnosed with concomitant acute cerebral infarction via head computed tomography (CT) and deep vein thrombosis in both lower limbs. After symptomatic and supportive treatments, the patient was discharged on 13 March 2020. She will comply with quarantine for another 2 weeks and receive rehabilitation training from a specialist doctor. Cerebral infarction should be considered and promptly managed in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32500922, "title": "Failed antibody response in a renal transplant recipient with SARS-CoV-2 infected.", "journal": "Transpl Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xia, Zhiping", "Liu, Xiaojun", "Hu, Xiaoyan", "Zhong, Zibiao", "Wang, Yanfeng", "Peng, Guizhu", "Ye, Qifa"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500922", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In late December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as a novel pathogen causing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China, subsequently spread to the rest of China and has been demonstrating a rapid global spread. Nucleic acid testing (NAT, tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction) of SARS-CoV-2 virus in oropharyngeal/nasal swab samples has been described to be extremely sensitive for the diagnose of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but false-negative results have been reported. Recent months, researches demonstrated the importance of IgM/IgG antibody detecting due to the unsatisfied positive rate of NAT, and the increasement IgM/IgG antibody was considered as a confirmed criteria of diagnosis in the official guides of the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in China (7th Edition) ."}, {"pmid": 32518317, "title": "Sofosbuvir as a potential alternative to treat the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.", "journal": "Sci Rep", "authors": ["Jacome, Rodrigo", "Campillo-Balderas, Jose Alberto", "Ponce de Leon, Samuel", "Becerra, Arturo", "Lazcano, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518317", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of today, there is no antiviral for the treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the development of a vaccine might take several months or even years. The structural superposition of the hepatitis C virus polymerase bound to sofosbuvir, a nucleoside analog antiviral approved for hepatitis C virus infections, with the SARS-CoV polymerase shows that the residues that bind to the drug are present in the latter. Moreover, a multiple alignment of several SARS-CoV-2, SARS and MERS-related coronaviruses polymerases shows that these residues are conserved in all these viruses, opening the possibility to use sofosbuvir against these highly infectious pathogens."}, {"pmid": 32441380, "title": "Nonserologic test for COVID-19: How to manage?", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Torretta, Sara", "Zuccotti, Gianvincenzo", "Cristofaro, Valentina", "Ettori, Jacopo", "Solimeno, Lorenzo", "Battilocchi, Ludovica", "D'Onghia, Alessandra", "Pignataro, Lorenzo", "Capaccio, Pasquale"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441380", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Diagnosis of Severe Acute Respiratory Coranavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is currently based on real-time PCR (RT-PCR) performed on either nasopharyngeal (NPS) or oropharyngeal (OPS) swabs; saliva specimen collection can be used, too. Diagnostic accuracy of these procedures is suboptimal, and some procedural mistakes may account for it. The video shows how to properly collect secretions from the upper airways for nonserologic diagnosis of COVID-19 by nasopharyngeal swab (NPS), oropharyngeal swab (OPS), and deep saliva collection after throat-cleaning maneuver, all performed under videoendoscopic view by a trained ENT examiner. We recommend to perform NPS after elevation of the tip of the nose in order to reduce the risk of contamination from the nasal vestible, and to let it flow over the floor of the nasal cavity in parallel to the hard palate in order to reach the nasopharynx. Then the tip of the swab should be left in place for few seconds, and then rotated in order to achieve the largest absorption of nasopharyngeal secretions. Regards OPS, gentle anterior tongue depression should be used to avoid swab contamination from the oral cavity during collection of secretions from the posterior pharyngeal wall. These procedural tricks would enhance diagnostic reliability."}, {"pmid": 32309108, "pmcid": "PMC7156796", "title": "Mathematical prediction of the time evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy by a Gauss error function and Monte Carlo simulations.", "journal": "Eur Phys J Plus", "authors": ["Ciufolini, Ignazio", "Paolozzi, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32309108", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this paper are presented mathematical predictions on the evolution in time of the number of positive cases in Italy of the COVID-19 pandemic based on official data and on the use of a function of the type of a Gauss error function, with four parameters, as a cumulative distribution function. We have analyzed the available data for China and Italy. The evolution in time of the number of cumulative diagnosed positive cases of COVID-19 in China very well approximates a distribution of the type of the error function, that is, the integral of a normal, Gaussian distribution. We have then used such a function to study the potential evolution in time of the number of positive cases in Italy by performing a number of fits of the official data so far available. We then found a statistical prediction for the day in which the peak of the number of daily positive cases in Italy occurs, corresponding to the flex of the fit, that is, to the change in sign of its second derivative (i.e., the change from acceleration to deceleration), as well as of the day in which a substantial attenuation of such number of daily cases is reached. We have also analyzed the predictions of the cumulative number of fatalities in both China and Italy, obtaining consistent results. We have then performed 150 Monte Carlo simulations to have a more robust prediction of the day of the above-mentioned peak and of the day of the substantial decrease in the number of daily positive cases and fatalities. Although official data have been used, those predictions are obtained with a heuristic approach since they are based on a statistical approach and do not take into account either a number of relevant issues (such as number of daily nasopharyngeal swabs, medical, social distancing, virological and epidemiological) or models of contamination diffusion."}, {"pmid": 32278372, "pmcid": "PMC7146680", "title": "Offline: COVID-19-bewilderment and candour.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278372", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360337, "pmcid": "PMC7194681", "title": "Factors Associated with Preventive Behaviours of COVID-19 among Hospital Staff in Iran in 2020: An Application of the Protection Motivation Theory.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Barati, Majid", "Bashirian, Saeed", "Jenabi, Ensiyeh", "Khazaei, Salman", "Karimi-Shahanjarini, Akram", "Zareian, Sepideh", "Rezapur-Shahkolai, Forouzan", "Moeini, Babak"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360337", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study was conducted for predicting preventive behaviours of healthcare workers (HCW) towards Covid-19 based on the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT). This cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted on 761 HCW in Hamadan, Iran, using multi-stage random sampling. The preventive behaviours against COVID-19 among HCW were assessed at a relatively desirable level. Based on the PMT, threat and coping appraisal were predictors of protection motivation to conduct COVID-19 preventive behaviours (P<0.001). The intention was also predictive of COVID-19 preventive behaviours (P<0.001). Consideration of personnel's self-efficacy and their knowledge regarding the effectiveness of protective behaviours in designing staff training programs are recommended."}, {"pmid": 32396446, "title": "Otologic and Audiologic Considerations for COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Eby, Thomas L", "Arteaga, Alberto A", "Spankovich, Christopher"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396446", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has created a number of considerations for otolaryngology; anosmia and ageusia in particular have gained significant attention. Here we present considerations in regard to treatment with quinine-derived drugs and the influence of masks on communication."}, {"pmid": 32467196, "pmcid": "PMC7241904", "title": "Religious cliche and COVID-19 management: a barrier for physicians.", "journal": "Br J Gen Pract", "authors": ["Iqbal, Qaiser", "Tareen, Abdul Malik", "Saleem, Fahad"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32467196", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32390247, "title": "Outnumbered yet needed: The Lung Cancer Nurse Specialist.", "journal": "Respirology", "authors": ["McLaughlin-Barrett, Sara"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32390247", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334904, "pmcid": "PMC7141468", "title": "A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Am J Infect Control", "authors": ["Sun, Niuniu", "Wei, Luoqun", "Shi, Suling", "Jiao, Dandan", "Song, Runluo", "Ma, Lili", "Wang, Hongwei", "Wang, Chao", "Wang, Zhaoguo", "You, Yanli", "Liu, Shuhua", "Wang, Hongyun"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334904", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly, bringing pressure and challenges to nursing staff. To explore the psychology of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients. Using a phenomenological approach, we enrolled 20 nurses who provided care for COVID-19 patients in the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from January 20, to February 10, 2020. The interviews were conducted face-to-face or by telephone and were analysed by Colaizzi's 7-step method. The psychological experience of nurses caring for COVID-19 patients can be summarized into 4 themes. First, negative emotions present in early stage consisting of fatigue, discomfort, and helplessness was caused by high-intensity work, fear and anxiety, and concern for patients and family members. Second, self-coping styles included psychological and life adjustment, altruistic acts, team support, and rational cognition. Third, we found growth under pressure, which included increased affection and gratefulness, development of professional responsibility, and self-reflection. Finally, we showed that positive emotions occurred simultaneously with negative emotions. During an epidemic outbreak, positive and negative emotions of the front-line nurses interweaved and coexisted. In the early stage, negative emotions were dominant and positive emotions appeared gradually. Self-coping styles and psychological growth played an important role in maintaining mental health of nurses."}, {"pmid": 32330410, "title": "Doubling Time of the COVID-19 Epidemic by Province, China.", "journal": "Emerg Infect Dis", "authors": ["Muniz-Rodriguez, Kamalich", "Chowell, Gerardo", "Cheung, Chi-Hin", "Jia, Dongyu", "Lai, Po-Ying", "Lee, Yiseul", "Liu, Manyun", "Ofori, Sylvia K", "Roosa, Kimberlyn M", "Simonsen, Lone", "Viboud, Cecile", "Fung, Isaac Chun-Hai"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330410", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In China, the doubling time of the coronavirus disease epidemic by province increased during January 20-February 9, 2020. Doubling time estimates ranged from 1.4 (95% CI 1.2-2.0) days for Hunan Province to 3.1 (95% CI 2.1-4.8) days for Xinjiang Province. The estimate for Hubei Province was 2.5 (95% CI 2.4-2.6) days."}, {"pmid": 32431119, "title": "[THE PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON MENTAL HEALTH - LITERATURE REVIEW].", "journal": "Harefuah", "authors": ["Shelef, Leah", "Zalsman, Gil"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32431119", "countries": ["China", "Spain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of epidemics resulting in many deaths has been known since the dawn of civilization, for example, the typhus and smallpox epidemics and the plague. Early in the previous century there was an outbreak of the Spanish Flue and towards the end of the 60's, the AIDS epidemic (HIV). Since the start of the current century, several epidemics broke out and spread to various places around the world, for instance, SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome), the Avian Influenza and the Swine Influenza. In 2014 there was an outbreak of Ebola (Ebola virus disease) and in 2015 the Zika virus emerged and there were more. Epidemics cause havoc and impact all areas of life. Each epidemic takes an unfathomable price in lives. It is estimated, for example, that the AIDS epidemic took the lives of some 30 million people. The Corona virus (Covid-19) broke out in China, towards the end of 2019 and spread to most parts of the world. The implications of the outbreak are similar in many countries, among others, due to the uncertainty regarding the way the virus spreads, the appropriate treatment, the lack of vaccination and the high rate of deaths. Naturally, at such times physical protection is a top priority. However, coping with the implications to people's mental health is no less important and these may result in long-term negative impacts."}, {"pmid": 32436578, "title": "COVID-19 response in northwest Syria: innovation and community engagement in a complex conflict.", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "authors": ["Ekzayez, Abdulkarim", "Al-Khalil, Munzer", "Jasiem, Mohamad", "Al Saleh, Raed", "Alzoubi, Zedoun", "Meagher, Kristen", "Patel, Preeti"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436578", "countries": ["Syrian Arab Republic"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Despite lacking capacity and resources, the health system in the northwest Syria is using innovative approaches for the containment of COVID-19. Lessons drawn from previous outbreaks in the region, such as the polio outbreak in 2013 and the annual seasonal influenza, have enabled the Early Warning and Response Network, a surveillance system to develop mechanisms of predicting risk and strengthening surveillance for the new pandemic. Social media tools such as WhatsApp are effectively collecting health information and communicating health messaging about COVID-19. Community engagement has also been scaled up, mobilizing local resources and encouraging thousands of volunteers to join the 'Volunteers against Corona' campaign. Bottom-up local governance technical entities, such as Idleb Health Directorate and the White Helmets, have played key leadership role in the response. These efforts need to be scaled up to prevent the transmission of COVID-19 in a region chronically affected by a complex armed conflict."}, {"pmid": 32216803, "pmcid": "PMC7099829", "title": "Analysis of clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of 95 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a retrospective analysis.", "journal": "Respir Res", "authors": ["Zhang, Gemin", "Zhang, Jie", "Wang, Bowen", "Zhu, Xionglin", "Wang, Qiang", "Qiu, Shiming"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216803", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia emerged in Wuhan city and rapidly spread throughout China and even the world. We sought to analyse the clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of some cases with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia . In this retrospective study, we extracted the data on 95 patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan Xinzhou District People's Hospital from January 16th to February 25th, 2020. Cases were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and abnormal radiologic findings. Outcomes were followed up until March 2th, 2020. Higher temperature, blood leukocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil percentage, C-reactive protein level, D-dimer level, alanine aminotransferase activity, aspartate aminotransferase activity, \u03b1 - hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity, lactate dehydrogenase activity and creatine kinase activity were related to severe 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia and composite endpoint, and so were lower lymphocyte count, lymphocyte percentage and total protein level. Age below 40 or above 60\u2009years old, male, higher Creatinine level, and lower platelet count also seemed related to severe 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia and composite endpoint, however the P values were greater than 0.05, which mean under the same condition studies of larger samples are needed in the future. Multiple factors were related to severe 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia and composite endpoint, and more related studies are needed in the future."}, {"pmid": 32398299, "title": "To compare the incomparable: COVID-19 pneumonia and high altitude disease.", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["Strapazzon, Giacomo", "Hilty, Matthias P", "Bouzat, Pierre", "Pratali, Lorenza", "Brugger, Hermann", "Rauch, Simon"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398299", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459603, "title": "Social distancing: how religion, culture and burial ceremony undermine the effort to curb COVID-19 in South Africa.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Jaja, Ishmael Festus", "Anyanwu, Madubuike Umunna", "Iwu Jaja, Chinwe-Juliana"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459603", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437729, "pmcid": "PMC7206418", "title": "Late STEMI and NSTEMI Patients' Emergency Calling in COVID-19 Outbreak.", "journal": "Can J Cardiol", "authors": ["Trabattoni, Daniela", "Montorsi, Piero", "Merlino, Luca"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437729", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32522305, "title": "PSYCHOGERIATRIC RESEARCH DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF PARTICIPANT VIEWS.", "journal": "Int Psychogeriatr", "authors": ["Lum, Hillary D", "Padala, Kalpana P", "Dean, Kim T", "Padala, Prasad R"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32522305", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32352306, "title": "ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Patients with COVID-19: Clinical and Angiographic Outcomes.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Stefanini, Giulio G", "Montorfano, Matteo", "Trabattoni, Daniela", "Andreini, Daniele", "Ferrante, Giuseppe", "Ancona, Marco", "Metra, Marco", "Curello, Salvatore", "Maffeo, Diego", "Pero, Gaetano", "Cacucci, Michele", "Assanelli, Emilio", "Bellini, Barbara", "Russo, Filippo", "Ielasi, Alfonso", "Tespili, Maurizio", "Danzi, Gian Battista", "Vandoni, Pietro", "Bollati, Mario", "Barbieri, Lucia", "Oreglia, Jacopo", "Lettieri, Corrado", "Cremonesi, Alberto", "Carugo, Stefano", "Reimers, Bernhard", "Condorelli, Gianluigi", "Chieffo, Alaide"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352306", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32381308, "pmcid": "PMC7252078", "title": "How 3D Printing Can Prevent Spread of COVID-19 Among Healthcare Professionals During Times of Critical Shortage of Protective Personal Equipment.", "journal": "J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth", "authors": ["Maracaja, Luiz", "Blitz, Daina", "Maracaja, Danielle L V", "Walker, Caroline A"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381308", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532541, "title": "COVID-19 mimicking dengue fever with the initial manifestation of retro-orbital pain - A Rare Case.", "journal": "J Formos Med Assoc", "authors": ["Ruiy, Walis", "Hsu, Shih-Yung", "Tsai, Hsien-Lung", "Chen, Chen-Te"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532541", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324618, "pmcid": "PMC7253050", "title": "Prehabilitation May Help Mitigate an Increase in COVID-19 Peripandemic Surgical Morbidity and Mortality.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Silver, Julie K"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324618", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As physicians specializing in rehabilitation medicine consider sequelae from the novel coronavirus pandemic that began in 2019, one issue that should be top of mind is the physiologic effect that large-scale social distancing had on the health of patients in general but, more specifically, on preoperative patients who had their surgeries delayed or will have newly scheduled procedures during the peripandemic period. Predictably, as the virus becomes less prevalent, there will be a tremendous motivation to move forward with scheduling operations from both patient care and institutional perspectives. However, one can anticipate a pandemic-related increase in surgical morbidity and mortality above prepandemic levels, particularly in older or medically frail patients even if they did not have a novel coronavirus (i.e., COVID-19) infection. Therefore, now is the time to consider for patients awaiting surgery a wider adoption of prehabilitation-physical and psychological assessments that establish a baseline functional level, identify impairments, and provide interventions that promote physical and psychological health to reduce the incidence and/or severity of future impairments."}, {"pmid": 32516447, "title": "Biologic agents in psoriasis: our experience during coronavirus infection.", "journal": "Int J Dermatol", "authors": ["Strippoli, Davide", "Barbagallo, Tania", "Prestinari, Francesca", "Russo, Giuseppe", "Fantini, Fabrizio"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516447", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32219410, "pmcid": "PMC7133056", "title": "A War on Two Fronts: Cancer Care in the Time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Kutikov, Alexander", "Weinberg, David S", "Edelman, Martin J", "Horwitz, Eric M", "Uzzo, Robert G", "Fisher, Richard I"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32219410", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32312166, "title": "Flexible Laryngoscopy and COVID-19.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Rameau, Anais", "Young, VyVy N", "Amin, Milan R", "Sulica, Lucian"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312166", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Flexible laryngoscopy, the gold-standard evaluation of the larynx and the pharynx, is one of the most commonly performed procedures in otolaryngology. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, flexible laryngoscopy represents a risk for patients and an occupational hazard for otolaryngologists and any clinic staff involved with the procedure or endoscope reprocessing. Here we present a set of recommendations on flexible laryngoscopy performance during the pandemic, including patient selection, personal protective equipment, and endoscope disinfection, based on a consensus reached during a virtual webinar on March 24, 2020, attended by approximately 300 participants from the American laryngology community."}, {"pmid": 32334918, "pmcid": "PMC7164903", "title": "Acute Stroke Care in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis", "authors": ["Dafer, Rima M", "Osteraas, Nicholas D", "Biller, Jose"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334918", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic respiratory disease with serious public health risk and has taken the world off-guard with its rapid spread. As the COVID-19 pandemic intensifies, overwhelming the healthcare system and the medical community, current practice for the management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) will require modification, and guidelines should be relaxed while maintaining high standard quality of care. The aim of these suggestions is to avoid contributing to the rapid spread of COVID-19 as well as to conserve what are likely to be very limited resources (including personnel, intensive care/hospital beds as well as physicians) while maintaining high quality care for patients with AIS. We present our recommendations for the management of acute stroke during the COVID-19 pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32512240, "title": "A rapid systematic review of the efficacy of face masks and respirators against coronaviruses and other respiratory transmissible viruses for the community, healthcare workers and sick patients.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Stud", "authors": ["MacIntyre, C Raina", "Chughtai, Abrar Ahmad"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512240", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The pandemic of COVID-19 is growing, and a shortage of masks and respirators has been reported globally. Policies of health organizations for healthcare workers are inconsistent, with a change in policy in the US for universal face mask use. The aim of this study was to review the evidence around the efficacy of masks and respirators for healthcare workers, sick patients and the general public. A systematic review of randomized controlled clinical trials on use of respiratory protection by healthcare workers, sick patients and community members was conducted. Articles were searched on Medline and Embase using key search terms. A total of 19 randomised controlled trials were included in this study - 8 in community settings, 6 in healthcare settings and 5 as source control. Most of these randomised controlled trials used different interventions and outcome measures. In the community, masks appeared to be effective with and without hand hygiene, and both together are more protective. Randomised controlled trials in health care workers showed that respirators, if worn continually during a shift, were effective but not if worn intermittently. Medical masks were not effective, and cloth masks even less effective. When used by sick patients randomised controlled trials suggested protection of well contacts. The study suggests that community mask use by well people could be beneficial, particularly for COVID-19, where transmission may be pre-symptomatic. The studies of masks as source control also suggest a benefit, and may be important during the COVID-19 pandemic in universal community face mask use as well as in health care settings. Trials in healthcare workers support the use of respirators continuously during a shift. This may prevent health worker infections and deaths from COVID-19, as aerosolisation in the hospital setting has been documented."}, {"pmid": 32408391, "pmcid": "PMC7272830", "title": "Anticoagulant and antiarrhythmic effects of heparin in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Menezes-Rodrigues, Francisco Sandro", "Padrao Tavares, Jose Gustavo", "Pires de Oliveira, Marcelo", "Guzella de Carvalho, Rafael", "Ruggero Errante, Paolo", "Omar Taha, Murched", "Fagundes, Djalma Jose", "Caricati-Neto, Afonso"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408391", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Most severe manifestations of COVID-19 cases, such as multiple organ failure and death, have been linked to coagulation dysfunction markers, such as platelet reduction and increases in prothrombin time, fibrin degradation products and, mainly, D-dimer [1]. A recent paper by Tang et al. [2] in this journal reported that heparin treatment reduced mortality of COVID-19 patients with elevated D-dimer; similar preliminary results have been reported elsewhere [3]. A mounting body of evidence shows that SARS-CoV-2 causes a \"cytokine storm\" [1,4] that activates the coagulation cascade, leading to thrombosis. Similar to the findings in severe sepsis, generalized deposition of intravascular thrombi compromises the blood supply of several organs, leading to organ failure [5]."}, {"pmid": 32392096, "title": "Forced Choices: Ethical Challenges in Cardiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Circulation", "authors": ["Khazanie, Prateeti", "Wynia, Matthew", "Dickert, Neal W"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392096", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32277760, "title": "Thromboprophylaxis and laboratory monitoring for in-hospital patients with COVID-19 - a Swiss consensus statement by the Working Party Hemostasis.", "journal": "Swiss Med Wkly", "authors": ["Casini, Alessandro", "Alberio, Lorenzo", "Angelillo-Scherrer, Anne", "Fontana, Pierre", "Gerber, Bernhard", "Graf, Lukas", "Hegemann, Inga", "Korte, Wolfgang", "Kremer Hovinga, Johanna", "Lecompte, Thomas", "Martinez, Maria", "Nagler, Michael", "Studt, Jan-Dirk", "Tsakiris, Dimitrios", "Wuillemin, Walter", "Asmis, Lars"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277760", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425635, "pmcid": "PMC7231486", "title": "Management of a COVID-19 outbreak in a hotel in Tenerife, Spain.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Hoefer, Andreas", "Pampaka, Despina", "Rivas Wagner, Eva", "Aleman Herrera, Araceli", "Garcia-Ramos Alonso, Eduardo", "Lopez-Perea, Noemi", "Cano Portero, Rosa", "Herrera-Leon, Laura", "Herrera-Leon, Silvia", "Nunez Gallo, Domingo"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425635", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the first accounts of SARS-CoV-2, authorities have encountered numerous unprecedented situations threatening public health. This rapid communication addresses events that led to the quarantining of a hotel in Tenerife, Spain and the effectiveness of the rapidly implemented control measures. In total, eight cases have been associated with the hotel. Due to the international nature of the guests, had these timely precautions not been in place, a multinational cluster might have formed."}, {"pmid": 32270413, "pmcid": "PMC7140591", "title": "A family cluster of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Gao, Xuesong", "Yuan, Zheng", "Yang, Di", "Li, Hongjie", "Zhang, Yijin", "Gao, Ping", "Liu, Xiaomin", "Zhao, Wenshan", "Xiao, Te", "Duan, Xuefei"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270413", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Clinical and epidemiological knowledge of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is limited. We reported a family cluster of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cases in Beijing, China. This family comprised three laboratory confirmed cases with clinical symptoms. All three patients had close contact with a relative from Wuhan, Hubei Province. Throat swab samples were all positive for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays. Chest computerized tomography revealed ground-glass opacities and consolidation. SARS-CoV-2 infections tend to clusters. Physicians should be aware of contact history so that infected patients can be identified promptly and further spreading prevented."}, {"pmid": 32379417, "pmcid": "PMC7241737", "title": "Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 Entry Proteins, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, in Cells of the Olfactory Epithelium: Identification of Cell Types and Trends with Age.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Bilinska, Katarzyna", "Jakubowska, Patrycja", "Von Bartheld, Christopher S", "Butowt, Rafal"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379417", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic revealed that there is a loss of smell in many patients, including in infected but otherwise asymptomatic individuals. The underlying mechanisms for the olfactory symptoms are unclear. Using a mouse model, we determined whether cells in the olfactory epithelium express the obligatory receptors for entry of the SARS-CoV-2 virus by using RNAseq, RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry. We show that the cell surface protein ACE2 and the protease TMPRSS2 are expressed in sustentacular cells of the olfactory epithelium but not, or much less, in most olfactory receptor neurons. These data suggest that sustentacular cells are involved in SARS-CoV-2 virus entry and impairment of the sense of smell in COVID-19 patients. We also show that expression of the entry proteins increases in animals of old age. This may explain, if true also in humans, why individuals of older age are more susceptible to the SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32295657, "pmcid": "PMC7184140", "title": "India fights hard to neutralize the spread of COVID-19.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Agoramoorthy, Govindasamy"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32295657", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32255713, "title": "Maxillofacial Trauma Management During COVID-19: Multidisciplinary Recommendations.", "journal": "Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med", "authors": ["Edwards, Sean P", "Kasten, Steve", "Nelson, Christine", "Elner, Vic", "McKean, Erin"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32255713", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32296246, "pmcid": "PMC7158813", "title": "[Whether to make decisions \"on the fly\" regarding treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infection].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["de Medrano, V Abril Lopez", "de Lucas, E Merino", "Salavert Lleti, M"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32296246", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32451232, "pmcid": "PMC7213961", "title": "Position Statement on the Management of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices in Australia during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Living Document.", "journal": "Heart Lung Circ", "authors": ["Kumar, Saurabh", "Haqqani, Haris", "Wynn, Gareth", "Pathak, Rajeev K", "Lipton, Jonathan", "Mahajan, Rajiv", "Sanders, Prashanthan", "Healey, Stewart", "Wilsmore, Bradley", "Mariani, Justin A", "Thomas, Stuart P", "Weerasooriya, Rukshen", "McGavigan, Andrew", "Gould, Paul A", "Weatherley, Paul", "Saad, Natasha", "Cowan, Mitchell", "Turnbull, Samual", "Trivic, Ivana", "Wong, Michael", "Tonchev, Ivaylo", "Morton, Joseph B", "Skinner, Jonathan R", "Pflaumer, Andreas", "McGuire, Mark", "Kistler, Peter", "Kalman, Jonathan M"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451232", "countries": ["Australia", "New Zealand"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic poses a significant stress on health resources in Australia. The Heart Rhythm Council of the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand aims to provide a framework for efficient resource utilisation balanced with competing risks when appropriately treating patients with cardiac arrhythmias. This document provides practical recommendations for the electrophysiology (EP) and cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) services in Australia. The document will be updated regularly as new evidence and knowledge is gained with time."}, {"pmid": 32526218, "title": "Evaluation of the EDI enzyme linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in human plasma.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Bundschuh, Christian", "Egger, Margot", "Wiesinger, Kurt", "Gabriel, Christian", "Clodi, Martin", "Mueller, Thomas", "Dieplinger, Benjamin"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526218", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Besides SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing, serological testing is emerging as additional option in COVID-19 diagnostics. Aim of this study was to evaluate novel immunoassays for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human plasma. Using EDITM Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISAs), we measured SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies in 64 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients with serial blood samples (n\u00a0=\u00a0104) collected at different time points from symptom onset. Blood samples from 200 healthy blood donors and 256 intensive care unit (ICU) patients collected before the COVID-19 outbreak were also used. The positivity rates in the COVID-19 patients were 5.9% for IgM and 2.9% for IgG\u00a0\u2264\u00a05\u00a0days after symptom onset; Between day 5 and day 10 the positivity rates were 37.1% for IgM and 37.1% for IgG and rose to 76.4% for IgM and 82.4% for IgG after\u00a0>\u00a010-15\u00a0days. After 15-22\u00a0days the \"true\" positivity rates were 94.4% for IgM and 100% for IgG. The \"false\" positivity rates were 0.5% for IgM and 1.0% for IgG in the healthy blood donors, 1.6% for IgM and 1.2% for IgG in ICU patients. This study shows high \"true\" vs. low \"false\" positivity rates for the EDITM SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG ELISAs."}, {"pmid": 32493460, "pmcid": "PMC7267760", "title": "A short, animated video to improve good COVID-19 hygiene practices: a structured summary of a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.", "journal": "Trials", "authors": ["Vandormael, Alain", "Adam, Maya", "Greuel, Merlin", "Barnighausen, Till"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493460", "countries": ["France", "Germany", "Spain", "United Kingdom", "Mexico", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Entertainment-education (E-E) media can improve behavioral intent toward health-related practices. In the era of COVID-19, millions of people can be reached by E-E media without requiring any physical contact. We have designed a short, wordless, animated video about COVID-19 hygiene practices-such as social distancing and frequent hand washing-that can be rapidly distributed through social media channels to a global audience. The E-E video's effectiveness, however, remains unclear. The study aims to achieve the following objectives. To: 1.Quantify people's interest in watching a short, animated video about COVID-19 hygiene (abbreviated to CoVideo).2.Establish the CoVideo's effectiveness in increasing behavioural intent toward COVID-19 hygiene.3.Establish the CoVideo's effectiveness in improving COVID-19 hygiene knowledge. The present study is a multi-site, parallel group, randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the effectiveness of the CoVideo against an attention placebo control (APC) video or no video. The trial has an intervention arm (CoVideo), placebo arm (APC), and control arm (no video). Nested in each trial arm is a list experiment and questionnaire survey, with the following ordering. Arm 1: the CoVideo, list experiment, and questionnaire survey. Arm 2: the APC video, list experiment, questionnaire survey, and CoVideo. Arm 3: the list experiment, questionnaire survey, and CoVideo. For each list experiment, participants will be randomized to a control or treatment group. The control group will receive a list of five items and the treatment group will receive the same five items plus one item about COVID-19 hygiene. We will use the list experiment to reduce response bias associated with socially desirable answers to COVID-19 questions. The questionnaire survey will include items about the participant's age, sex, country of residence, highest education, and knowledge of COVID-19 spread. After completing the list experiment and questionnaire survey, participants in Arms 2 and 3 will receive the CoVideo to ensure post-trial access to treatment. This will be an online study setting. We will use Prolific Academic (ProA: https://www.prolific.co) to recruit participants and host our study on the Gorilla\u2122 platform (www.gorilla.sc). To be eligible, participants must be between the age of 18 and 59 years (male, female, or other) and have current residence in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Spain, Mexico, or France. Participants will be excluded from the study if they cannot speak English, German, French, or Spanish (since the instructions and survey questions will be available in these 4 languages only). The intervention is an E-E video about COVID-19 hygiene (CoVideo). Developed by our co-author (MA) for Stanford Medicine, the CoVideo is animated with sound effects, and has no words, speech, or text. The CoVideo shows how the novel coronavirus is spread (airborne, physical contact) and summarizes the public's response to the COVID-19 outbreak. Key components of the CoVideo are the promotion of five hygiene practices: i) social distancing and avoiding group gatherings, ii) frequently washing hands with soap and water or sanitizer, iii) cleaning surfaces at home (e.g., kitchen counters), iv) not sharing eating utensils, and v) avoidance of stockpiling essential goods (such as toilet paper and face masks). The CoVideo, which was designed for universal reach and optimized for release on social media channels, can be viewed at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rAj38E7vrS8. The comparators are an APC video (Arm 2) or no video (Arm 3). The APC video is similar in style to the CoVideo; it is also animated with a duration of 2.30 minutes, has sound effects but no words, speech, or text. The video message is about how small choices become actions, which become habits, which become a way of life. It is available at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_HEnohs6yYw. Each list experiment will have a control list as the comparator. The control list is needed to measure the prevalence of behavioral intent toward COVID-19 hygiene. This study will measure primary and secondary outcomes related to COVID-19 hygiene. By hygiene, we mean the adoption of behaviors or practices that reduce the chances of being infected or spreading COVID-19. As our primary outcome, we will measure changes in behavioral intent toward five hygiene practices: social distancing, washing hands, cleaning household surfaces, not sharing eating utensils, and not stockpiling essential goods. As a secondary outcome, we will measure knowledge about behaviors that can prevent the spread of COVID-19. Using a web-based randomization algorithm, Gorilla will randomly allocate participants to the intervention (CoVideo), placebo (APC), or control (no video) arm (sequence generation) at a 1:1:1 ratio. Within each trial arm, Gorilla will randomly allocate participants at a 1:1 ratio to the control or treatment group. Items in the lists will be randomly ordered to avoid order effects. The presentation order of the list experiments will also be randomized. Because ProA handles the interaction between the study investigators and participants, the participants will be completely anonymous to the study investigators. The outcome measures will be self-reported and submitted anonymously. All persons in the study team will be blinded to the group allocation. The Gorilla algorithm will randomize 6,700 participants to each trial arm, giving a total sample size of 20,100. The protocol version number is 1.0 and the date is 18 May 2020. Recruitment is expected to end by 22 June 2020. Thus far, the study investigators have recruited 2,500 participants on ProA. Of these participants, 800 have completed the study on the Gorilla platform. The study and its outcomes were registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (www.drks.de) on May 12th, 2020, protocol number: #DRKS00021582. The study was registered before any data was collected. The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol."}, {"pmid": 32414417, "pmcid": "PMC7228434", "title": "Therapeutic plasma exchange as a routine therapy in septic shock and as an experimental treatment for COVID-19: we are not sure.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Honore, Patrick M", "Mugisha, Aude", "Kugener, Luc", "Redant, Sebastien", "Attou, Rachid", "Gallerani, Andrea", "De Bels, David"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32414417", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342500, "title": "Pregnant women's knowledge and practice of preventive measures against COVID-19 in a low-resource African setting.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Nwafor, Johnbosco I", "Aniukwu, Joseph K", "Anozie, Bonaventure O", "Ikeotuonye, Arinze C", "Okedo-Alex, Ijeoma N"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342500", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32427689, "title": "Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Pediatric Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Illness.", "journal": "Pediatr Crit Care Med", "authors": ["MacGregor, Robert M", "Antiel, Ryan M", "Najaf, Tasnim", "Said, Ahmed S", "Warner, Brad W", "Raval, Mehul V", "Shakhsheer, Baddr"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32427689", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To describe current hospital guidelines and the opinions of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation leaders at U.S. children's hospitals concerning the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for coronavirus disease 2019-positive pediatric patients. Confidential, self-administered questionnaire. One hundred twenty-seven U.S. pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center program directors and coordinators. None. In March 2020, a survey was sent to 127 pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers asking them to report their current hospital extracorporeal membrane oxygenation guidelines for coronavirus disease 2019-positive patients. Respondents were also asked their opinion on three ethical dilemmas including: prioritization of children over adults for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation use, institution of do-not-resuscitate orders, and the use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for coronavirus disease 2019-positive patients. Forty-seven extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers had enacted guidelines including 46 (100%) that offer venovenous-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and 42 (89%) that offer venoarterial-extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for coronavirus disease 2019-positive pediatric patients. Forty-four centers (94%) stated that the indications for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation candidacy in coronavirus disease 2019 disease were similar to those used in other viral illnesses, such as respiratory syncytial virus or influenza. Most program directors (98%) did not endorse that children hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 should be made do-not-resuscitate and had variable opinions on whether children should be given higher priority over adults when rationing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Over half of program directors (60%) did not support the use of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for coronavirus disease 2019. The majority of pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation centers have proactively established guidelines for the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for coronavirus disease 2019-related illnesses. Further work is needed to help guide the fair allocation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation resources and to determine the appropriateness of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation."}, {"pmid": 32244852, "pmcid": "PMC7141517", "title": "Smoking Upregulates Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 Receptor: A Potential Adhesion Site for Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19).", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Brake, Samuel James", "Barnsley, Kathryn", "Lu, Wenying", "McAlinden, Kielan Darcy", "Eapen, Mathew Suji", "Sohal, Sukhwinder Singh"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32244852", "countries": ["Indonesia", "Italy", "Korea, Republic of", "China", "Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The epicenter of the original outbreak in China has high male smoking rates of around 50%, and early reported death rates have an emphasis on older males, therefore the likelihood of smokers being overrepresented in fatalities is high. In Iran, China, Italy, and South Korea, female smoking rates are much lower than males. Fewer females have contracted the virus. If this analysis is correct, then Indonesia would be expected to begin experiencing high rates of Covid-19 because its male smoking rate is over 60% (Tobacco Atlas). Smokers are vulnerable to respiratory viruses. Smoking can upregulate angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor, the known receptor for both the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the human respiratory coronavirus NL638. This could also be true for new electronic smoking devices such as electronic cigarettes and \"heat-not-burn\" IQOS devices. ACE2 could be a novel adhesion molecule for SARS-CoV-2 causing Covid-19 and a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of fatal microbial infections, and therefore it should be fast tracked and prioritized for research and investigation. Data on smoking status should be collected on all identified cases of Covid-19."}, {"pmid": 32340996, "title": "Managing patients with rheumatic conditions during the covid-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Caporali, Roberto", "Favalli, Ennio Giulio"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340996", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32415617, "pmcid": "PMC7228861", "title": "Research with Marginalized Communities: Challenges to Continuity During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Sevelius, Jae M", "Gutierrez-Mock, Luis", "Zamudio-Haas, Sophia", "McCree, Breonna", "Ngo, Azize", "Jackson, Akira", "Clynes, Carla", "Venegas, Luz", "Salinas, Arianna", "Herrera, Cinthya", "Stein, Ellen", "Operario, Don", "Gamarel, Kristi"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415617", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323647, "title": "The world war against the COVID-19 outbreak: don't forget to sleep!", "journal": "J Clin Sleep Med", "authors": ["Monico-Neto, Marcos", "Dos Santos, Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli", "Antunes, Hanna Karen Moreira"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323647", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473139, "pmcid": "PMC7255234", "title": "Death threats after a trial on chloroquine for COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Ektorp, Estella"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473139", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 31991079, "pmcid": "PMC7121428", "title": "Importation and Human-to-Human Transmission of a Novel Coronavirus in Vietnam.", "journal": "N Engl J Med", "authors": ["Phan, Lan T", "Nguyen, Thuong V", "Luong, Quang C", "Nguyen, Thinh V", "Nguyen, Hieu T", "Le, Hung Q", "Nguyen, Thuc T", "Cao, Thang M", "Pham, Quang D"], "date": "2020-01-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "31991079", "countries": ["Viet Nam"], "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380086, "pmcid": "PMC7198405", "title": "Caring for patients with venous insufficiency during the COVID-19 pandemic at a tertiary care center.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord", "authors": ["Skeik, Nedaa", "Manunga, Jesse", "Mirza, Aleem"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380086", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32217520, "title": "The world's largest refugee camp prepares for covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Vince, Gaia"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217520", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32199941, "pmcid": "PMC7141469", "title": "Letter from Italy: First practical indications for radiation therapy departments during COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys", "authors": ["Filippi, Andrea Riccardo", "Russi, Elvio", "Magrini, Stefano Maria", "Corvo, Renzo"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199941", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285431, "title": "Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) and Central Nervous System Complications: What Neurologist Need to Know.", "journal": "Acta Neurol Taiwan", "authors": ["Paybast, Sepideh", "Emami, Ali", "Koosha, Mohsen", "Baghalha, Fatemeh"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285431", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (Covid-19) is a family of large enveloped non-segmented positive-sense RNA viruses which has been considered as a global health concern as it has a very high transmissibility potential. Regarding to the similarity of the virus to SARS-CoV, it is postulated that the Covid-19 accumulates mainly in the nasal epithelia and lower respiratory airways. However, there is evidence suggesting the Covid-19 neurotropism which might contribute to respiratory failure. Here in we aim to review the central nervous system complications of the Covid-19 CoV since the emergence of the virus. Keywords: Novel Coronavirus, Covid19-Cov, CNS Complication, Nervous System."}, {"pmid": 32406119, "pmcid": "PMC7272894", "title": "Editorial: increasing IBD prevalence and its complications in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Benson-Pope, Samantha Jane", "Gearry, Richard B"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406119", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32032682, "pmcid": "PMC7102641", "title": "Pathogenicity and transmissibility of 2019-nCoV-A quick overview and comparison with other emerging viruses.", "journal": "Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Chen, Jieliang"], "date": "2020-02-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32032682", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A zoonotic coronavirus, tentatively labeled as 2019-nCoV by the World Health Organization (WHO), has been identified as the causative agent of the viral pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019. Although 2019-nCoV can cause a severe respiratory illness like SARS and MERS, evidence from clinics suggested that 2019-nCoV is generally less pathogenic than SARS-CoV, and much less than MERS-CoV. The transmissibility of 2019-nCoV is still debated and needs to be further assessed. To avoid the 2019-nCoV outbreak turning into an epidemic or even a pandemic and to minimize the mortality rate, China activated emergency response procedures, but much remains to be learned about the features of the virus to refine the risk assessment and response. Here, the current knowledge in 2019-nCoV pathogenicity and transmissibility is summarized in comparison with several commonly known emerging viruses, and information urgently needed for a better control of the disease is highlighted."}, {"pmid": 32496531, "title": "Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Need for a Structurally Competent Health Care System.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Metzl, Jonathan M", "Maybank, Aletha", "De Maio, Fernando"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496531", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32308532, "pmcid": "PMC7154063", "title": "First COVID-19 infections in the Philippines: a case report.", "journal": "Trop Med Health", "authors": ["Edrada, Edna M", "Lopez, Edmundo B", "Villarama, Jose Benito", "Salva Villarama, Eumelia P", "Dagoc, Bren F", "Smith, Chris", "Sayo, Ana Ria", "Verona, Jeffrey A", "Trifalgar-Arches, Jamie", "Lazaro, Jezreel", "Balinas, Ellen Grace M", "Telan, Elizabeth Freda O", "Roy, Lynsil", "Galon, Myvie", "Florida, Carl Hill N", "Ukawa, Tatsuya", "Villaneuva, Annavi Marie G", "Saito, Nobuo", "Nepomuceno, Jean Raphael", "Ariyoshi, Koya", "Carlos, Celia", "Nicolasora, Amalea Dulcene", "Solante, Rontgene M"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32308532", "countries": ["China", "Philippines"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is responsible for more fatalities than the SARS coronavirus, despite being in the initial stage of a global pandemic. The first suspected case in the Philippines was investigated on January 22, 2020, and 633 suspected cases were reported as of March 1. We describe the clinical and epidemiological aspects of the first two confirmed COVID-19 cases in the Philippines, both admitted to the national infectious disease referral hospital in Manila. Both patients were previously healthy Chinese nationals on vacation in the Philippines travelling as a couple during January 2020. Patient 1, a 39-year-old female, had symptoms of cough and sore throat and was admitted to San Lazaro Hospital in Manila on January 25. Physical examination was unremarkable. Influenza B, human coronavirus 229E, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were detected by PCR on initial nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal (NPS/OPS) swabs. On January 30, SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was reported to be detected by PCR on the initial swabs and she was identified as the first confirmed COVID-19 case in the Philippines. Her symptoms resolved, and she was discharged. Patient 2, a 44-year-old male, had symptoms of fever, cough, and chills. Influenza B and Streptococcus pneumoniae were detected by PCR on initial NPS/OPS swabs. He was treated for community-acquired pneumonia with intravenous antibiotics, but his condition deteriorated and he required intubation. On January 31, SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was reported to be detected by PCR on the initial swabs, and he was identified as the 2nd confirmed COVID-19 infection in the Philippines. On February 1, the patient's condition deteriorated, and following a cardiac arrest, it was not possible to revive him. He was thus confirmed as the first COVID-19 death outside of China. This case report highlights several important clinical and public health issues. Despite both patients being young adults with no significant past medical history, they had very different clinical courses, illustrating how COVID-19 can present with a wide spectrum of disease. As of March 1, there have been three confirmed COVID-19 cases in the Philippines. Continued vigilance is required to identify new cases."}, {"pmid": 32268195, "pmcid": "PMC7130124", "title": "Epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus in Jiangsu Province, China after wartime control measures: A population-level retrospective study.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Wang, Ke-Wei", "Gao, Jie", "Wang, Hua", "Wu, Xiao-Long", "Yuan, Qin-Fang", "Guo, Fei-Yu", "Zhang, Zhi-Jie", "Cheng, Yang"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268195", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus emerged in China in December 2019, and human-to-human transmission was previously identified. This study aimed to compare the epidemiological characteristics in Jiangsu Province and assess whether so-called wartime control measures changed the trend of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the province. Epidemiological data were obtained from the websites of China's Bureau of Health and the People's Government of Jiangsu Province and informal online sources from January 22 to February 20, 2020. The cumulative number of patients in Jiangsu Province (over 79 million people) was 613. The number of daily confirmed new cases reached the inflection point on January 31 with the maximum of 39 cases. The temporal number of patients peaked from January 29 to February 9. The proportion of confirmed cases who were residents or travelers to Hubei Province was 100.0%-58.8% before January 31 and then gradually declined. The proportion of close contacts increased gradually from January 27 to February 17. The geographical distribution of COVID-2019 cases showed that all 13 cites reported confirmed new cases after only five days of the first confirmed new case in Suzhou. The cases were concentrated in Nanjing, Suzhou, and Xuzhou with a high population density (over eight million people). The epidemiological features of COVID-2019 cases in Wuxi, Jiangsu showed that seven confirmed cases were tourists from others areas beyond Hubei Province. The longest incubation period of COVID-2019 was 19 days based on the onset of laboratory-confirmed cases. The number of daily confirmed new cases in Jiangsu Province peaked around January 31 and then declined. This result emphasized that wartime control measures, such as putting cities on lockdown to limit population mobility in Jiangsu Province, resulted in dramatic reductions in COVID-19 cases."}, {"pmid": 32225133, "title": "Number of COVID-19 cases in Chile at 120 days with data at 21/03/2020 and threshold of daily effort to flatten the epi-curve.", "journal": "Medwave", "authors": ["Cordova-Lepe, Fernando", "Gutierrez-Aguilar, Rodrigo", "Gutierrez-Jara, Juan Pablo"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32225133", "countries": ["Chile"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We present a straightforward projection with data up to 21/03/2020 of the evolution of the number of COVID-19 cases per day in Chile using data from the Ministry of Health. Assuming an arithmetical growth in the second variation of the data, we present a cubic adjustment model in which we estimate over 100 000 cases at 120 days consistent with the data recorded to date. Furthermore, we use an exponential total case model to represent (using a parameter) the daily effort to reduce a high initial daily growth rate. We simulate this model with different numerical scenarios of feasibility and desired future prevalence."}, {"pmid": 32386833, "pmcid": "PMC7183938", "title": "Considerations for resuscitation and transfer of paediatric patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Thampi, Swapna", "Lee, Chang C M", "Ng, Beatrice H Z", "Yap, Andrea P A"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386833", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304638, "pmcid": "PMC7159861", "title": "Enteric involvement in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 outside Wuhan.", "journal": "Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Wan, Yunle", "Li, Jie", "Shen, Lihan", "Zou, Yifeng", "Hou, Linlin", "Zhu, Lixin", "Faden, Howard S", "Tang, Zhipeng", "Shi, Mang", "Jiao, Na", "Li, Yichen", "Cheng, Sijing", "Huang, Yibo", "Wu, Dingfeng", "Xu, Zhifeng", "Pan, Linnuo", "Zhu, Jun", "Yan, Guangjun", "Zhu, Ruixin", "Lan, Ping"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304638", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32407708, "pmcid": "PMC7219397", "title": "The Challenges of Vaccine Development against a New Virus during a Pandemic.", "journal": "Cell Host Microbe", "authors": ["Diamond, Michael S", "Pierson, Theodore C"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407708", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid emergence of a highly pathogenic, readily transmissible coronavirus has resulted in a global pandemic, affecting millions and destabilizing economies. This catastrophe triggered a clarion call for the immediate deployment of a protective vaccine. We describe the unique challenges of developing a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in a pandemic setting."}, {"pmid": 32434777, "pmcid": "PMC7246094", "title": "The impact of COVID-19 on HIV financing in Nigeria: a call for proactive measures.", "journal": "BMJ Glob Health", "authors": ["Oladele, Tolulope Tokunyori", "Olakunde, Babayemi Oluwaseun", "Oladele, Edward Adekola", "Ogbuoji, Osondu", "Yamey, Gavin"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434777", "countries": ["Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32367838, "title": "COVID-19 pandemic in India: A clarion call for better preparedness.", "journal": "Lung India", "authors": ["Koul, Parvaiz A", "Dhar, Raja"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32367838", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369616, "title": "Critically ill pregnant patient with COVID-19 and neonatal death within two hours of birth.", "journal": "Int J Gynaecol Obstet", "authors": ["Li, Jianwei", "Wang, Yichun", "Zeng, Yingchun", "Song, Ting", "Pan, Xingfei", "Jia, Mingwang", "He, Fang", "Hou, Liusheng", "Li, Bingfei", "He, Shuming", "Chen, Dunjin"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369616", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32319151, "pmcid": "PMC7264722", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic: some lessons learned about crisis preparedness and management, and the need for international benchmarking to reduce deficits.", "journal": "Environ Microbiol", "authors": ["Timmis, Kenneth", "Brussow, Harald"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32319151", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459529, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine for Treatment or Prophylaxis of COVID-19: A Living Systematic Review.", "journal": "Ann Intern Med", "authors": ["Hernandez, Adrian V", "Roman, Yuani M", "Pasupuleti, Vinay", "Barboza, Joshuan J", "White, C Michael"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459529", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have antiviral effects in vitro against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). To summarize evidence about the benefits and harms of hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for the treatment or prophylaxis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). PubMed (via MEDLINE), EMBASE (via Ovid), Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, bioRxiv, Preprints, ClinicalTrials.gov, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and the Chinese Clinical Trials Registry from 1 December 2019 until 8 May 2020. Studies in any language reporting efficacy or safety outcomes from hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine use in any setting in adults or children with suspected COVID-19 or at risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Independent, dually performed data extraction and quality assessments. Four randomized controlled trials, 10 cohort studies, and 9 case series assessed treatment effects of the medications, but no studies evaluated prophylaxis. Evidence was conflicting and insufficient regarding the effect of hydroxychloroquine on such outcomes as all-cause mortality, progression to severe disease, clinical symptoms, and upper respiratory virologic clearance with antigen testing. Several studies found that patients receiving hydroxychloroquine developed a QTc interval of 500 ms or greater, but the proportion of patients with this finding varied among the studies. Two studies assessed the efficacy of chloroquine; 1 trial, which compared higher-dose (600 mg twice daily for 10 days) with lower-dose (450 mg twice daily on day 1 and once daily for 4 days) therapy, was stopped owing to concern that the higher dose therapy increased lethality and QTc interval prolongation. An observational study that compared adults with COVID-19 receiving chloroquine phosphate 500 mg once or twice daily with patients not receiving chloroquine found minor fever resolution and virologic clearance benefits with chloroquine. There were few controlled studies, and control for confounding was inadequate in observational studies. Evidence on the benefits and harms of using hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine to treat COVID-19 is very weak and conflicting. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality."}, {"pmid": 32448784, "pmcid": "PMC7253001", "title": "Correction: Clinicopathological characteristics of 8697 patients with COVID-19 in China: a meta-analysis.", "journal": "Fam Med Community Health", "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448784", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32452955, "title": "Comment on A Low Cost, Safe and Effective Method for Smoke Evacuation in Laparoscopic Surgery for Suspected Coronavirus Patients.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["Ott, Douglas"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32452955", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32487793, "title": "Severe respiratory failure in an immunocompetent host with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and H1N1 influenza.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Saccaro, Luigi Francesco", "Galfo, Valentina", "Ferranti, Simone", "Russo, Alessandro", "Menichetti, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487793", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a life-threatening condition that usually occurs in immunocompromised hosts. However, according to recent reports it can affect immunocompetent hosts with severe influenza infection due to viral-dependent disruption of respiratory immune defenses. We present the case of a 61-year-old Caucasian man admitted to the Emergency Department with respiratory failure and fever, who was diagnosed with H1N1 influenza and IPA. Because of his poor general conditions, he was treated with a double antifungal scheme, although this lies outside the suggested treatment guidelines. This choice turned out to be extremely effective. He was discharged after one month and his clinical conditions showed rapid improvement, with nearly complete normalization of the radiological pattern in three months. IPA remains a life-threatening condition, even in immunocompetent hosts, and should therefore always be suspected; if necessary, a combined treatment should rapidly be started. We report this case as the interest in influenza-associated IPA is high, both due to the clinical severity of this condition, which is treatable if identified early, and the emerging importance of respiratory infections caused by viruses belonging to the SARS family, such as SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32421367, "title": "Is there an impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on male fertility? The ACE2 connection.", "journal": "Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab", "authors": ["Younis, Johnny S", "Abassi, Zaid", "Skorecki, Karl"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32421367", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The viral pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), generated by a novel mutated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has become a serious worldwide public health emergency, evolving exponentially. While the main organ targeted in this disease is the lungs, other vital organs, such as the heart and kidney, may be implicated. The main host receptor of the SARS-CoV-2 is angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a major component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The ACE2 is also involved in testicular male regulation of steroidogenesis and spermatogenesis. As the SARS-CoV-2 may have the potential to infect the testis via ACE2 and adversely affect male reproductive system, it is essential to commence with targeted studies to learn from the current pandemic, with the possibility of preemptive intervention, depending on the findings and time course of the continuing pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32180140, "pmcid": "PMC7091281", "title": "Clinical features of pediatric patients with COVID-19: a report of two family cluster cases.", "journal": "World J Pediatr", "authors": ["Ji, Li-Na", "Chao, Shuang", "Wang, Yue-Jiao", "Li, Xue-Jun", "Mu, Xiang-Dong", "Lin, Ming-Gui", "Jiang, Rong-Meng"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32180140", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronovirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has\u00a0spread rapidly\u00a0across the globe. People of all ages are susceptible to COVID-19. However, literature reports on pediatric patients are limited. To improve the recognition of COVID-19 infection in children, we retrospectively reviewed two confirmed pediatric cases from two family clusters. Both clinical features and laboratory examination\u00a0results of the children and their family members were described. The two confirmed children only presented with mild respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms. Both of them\u00a0had normal chest CT images. After general and symptomatic treatments, both children\u00a0recovered quickly. Both families had travel histories to Hubei Province. Pediatric patients with COVID-19 are mostly owing to family cluster or with a close contact history. Infected children have relatively milder clinical symptoms than infected adults. We should attach importance to early recognition, early diagnosis, and early treatment of infected children."}, {"pmid": 32278756, "pmcid": "PMC7144614", "title": "COVID-19 and dengue fever: A dangerous combination for the health system in Brazil.", "journal": "Travel Med Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lorenz, Camila", "Azevedo, Thiago S", "Chiaravalloti-Neto, Francisco"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278756", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409727, "pmcid": "PMC7224587", "title": "Managing hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Hum Hypertens", "authors": ["Nadar, Sunil K", "Tayebjee, Muzahir H", "Stowasser, Michael", "Byrd, James Brian"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409727", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523924, "pmcid": "PMC7279900", "title": "Long-term Positivity to SARS-CoV-2: A Clinical Case of COVID-19 with Persistent Evidence of Infection.", "journal": "Eur J Case Rep Intern Med", "authors": ["D'Ardes, Damiano", "Boccatonda, Andrea", "Rossi, Ilaria", "Pontolillo, Michela", "Cocco, Giulio", "Schiavone, Cosima", "Santilli, Francesca", "Guagnano, Maria Teresa", "Bucci, Marco", "Cipollone, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523924", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was reported in Hubei province in China. The disease has since spread worldwide and the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic on 11 March 2020. We describe the case of a 65-year-old woman who clinically recovered from COVID-19 but showed persistent infection with SARS-CoV-2 for 51 days. A case of persistent infection with SARS-CoV-2 is described.Some tests may pick up viral RNA fragments, giving a false positive result.The quarantining of infected patients to limit possible SARS-CoV-2 spread is important."}, {"pmid": 32419693, "title": "COVID-19: The Need for Rational Use of Face Masks in Nigeria.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Ogoina, Dimie"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32419693", "countries": ["Nigeria"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Because of the pandemic of COVID-19, the federal government of Nigeria has instituted a mandatory policy requiring everyone going out in public to wear face masks. Unfortunately, the Nigeria media is awash with images of misuse and abuse of face masks by the public, government officials, and healthcare workers. Medical masks are used widely in community settings amid reported scarcity within healthcare facilities. It is observed that some people wear face masks on their chin and neck, and mask wearers give no attention to covering their mouth and nose, especially when talking. Used face masks are kept with personal belongings or disposed indiscriminately in public spaces, leading to self and environmental contamination. Inappropriate use and disposal of face masks in Nigeria could promote the spread of the novel coronavirus in the country and negate the country's efforts to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. In the implementation of the universal masking policy in Nigeria, federal and state governments ought to consider local applicability, feasibility, and sustainability, as well as identify and mitigate all potential risks and unintended consequences. Also critical is the need for intensive public sensitization and education on appropriate use and disposal of face masks in the country."}, {"pmid": 32229390, "pmcid": "PMC7102633", "title": "The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Cao, Wenjun", "Fang, Ziwei", "Hou, Guoqiang", "Han, Mei", "Xu, Xinrong", "Dong, Jiaxin", "Zheng, Jianzhong"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229390", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A COVID-19 epidemic has been spreading in China and other parts of the world since December 2019. The epidemic has brought not only the risk of death from infection but also unbearable psychological pressure. We sampled college students from Changzhi medical college by using cluster sampling. They responded to a questionnaire packet that included the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and those inquiring the participants' basic information. We received 7,143 responses. Results indicated that 0.9% of the respondents were experiencing severe anxiety, 2.7% moderate anxiety, and 21.3% mild anxiety. Moreover, living in urban areas (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.810, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.709 - 0.925), family income stability (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.726, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.645\u00a0-\u00a00.817) and living with parents (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.752, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.596\u00a0-\u00a00.950) were protective factors against anxiety. Moreover, having relatives or acquaintances infected with COVID-19 was a risk factor for increasing the anxiety of college students (OR\u00a0=\u00a03.007, 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a02.377\u00a0-\u00a03.804). Results of correlation analysis indicated that economic effects, and effects on daily life, as well as delays in academic activities, were positively associated with anxiety symptoms (P\u00a0<\u00a0.001). However, social support was negatively correlated with the level of anxiety (P\u00a0<\u00a0.001). It is suggested that the mental health of college students should be monitored during epidemics."}, {"pmid": 32407516, "pmcid": "PMC7239113", "title": "Response to letter to the editor: \"Lung Ultrasound early detection and monitoring in Covid-19 Pneumonia: fact and fiction\".", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Ji, Li", "Cao, Chunyan", "Li, Yuman", "Xie, Mingxing"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407516", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330122, "pmcid": "PMC7260011", "title": "Panic prescribing has become omnipresent during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Caplan, Arthur L", "Upshur, Ross"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330122", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32369097, "pmcid": "PMC7201375", "title": "Association of Use of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers With Testing Positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "JAMA Cardiol", "authors": ["Mehta, Neil", "Kalra, Ankur", "Nowacki, Amy S", "Anjewierden, Scott", "Han, Zheyi", "Bhat, Pavan", "Carmona-Rubio, Andres E", "Jacob, Miriam", "Procop, Gary W", "Harrington, Susan", "Milinovich, Alex", "Svensson, Lars G", "Jehi, Lara", "Young, James B", "Chung, Mina K"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369097", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) in the setting of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is hotly debated. There have been recommendations to discontinue these medications, which are essential in the treatment of several chronic disease conditions, while, in the absence of clinical evidence, professional societies have advocated their continued use. To study the association between use of ACEIs/ARBs with the likelihood of testing positive for COVID-19 and to study outcome data in subsets of patients taking ACEIs/ARBs who tested positive with severity of clinical outcomes of COVID-19 (eg, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and requirement for mechanical ventilation). Retrospective cohort study with overlap propensity score weighting was conducted at the Cleveland Clinic Health System in Ohio and Florida. All patients tested for COVID-19 between March 8 and April 12, 2020, were included. History of taking ACEIs or ARBs at the time of COVID-19 testing. Results of COVID-19 testing in the entire cohort, number of patients requiring hospitalizations, intensive care unit admissions, and mechanical ventilation among those who tested positive. A total of 18\u202f472 patients tested for COVID-19. The mean (SD) age was 49\u2009(21) years, 7384 (40%) were male, and 12\u202f725 (69%) were white. Of 18\u202f472 patients who underwent COVID-19 testing, 2285 (12.4%) were taking either ACEIs or ARBs. A positive COVID-19 test result was observed in 1735 of 18\u202f472 patients (9.4%). Among patients who tested positive, 421 (24.3%) were admitted to the hospital, 161 (9.3%) were admitted to an intensive care unit, and 111 (6.4%) required mechanical ventilation. Overlap propensity score weighting showed no significant association of ACEI and/or ARB use with COVID-19 test positivity (overlap propensity score-weighted odds ratio, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.81-1.15). This study found no association between ACEI or ARB use and COVID-19 test positivity. These clinical data support current professional society guidelines to not discontinue ACEIs or ARBs in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, further study in larger numbers of hospitalized patients receiving ACEI and ARB therapy is needed to determine the association with clinical measures of COVID-19 severity."}, {"pmid": 32027573, "pmcid": "PMC7233366", "title": "Emerging 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Pneumonia.", "journal": "Radiology", "authors": ["Song, Fengxiang", "Shi, Nannan", "Shan, Fei", "Zhang, Zhiyong", "Shen, Jie", "Lu, Hongzhou", "Ling, Yun", "Jiang, Yebin", "Shi, Yuxin"], "date": "2020-02-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32027573", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "BackgroundThe chest CT findings of patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia have not previously been described in detail.PurposeTo investigate the clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings of emerging 2019-nCoV pneumonia in humans.Materials and MethodsFifty-one patients (25 men and 26 women; age range 16-76 years) with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection by using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction underwent thin-section CT. The imaging findings, clinical data, and laboratory data were evaluated.ResultsFifty of 51 patients (98%) had a history of contact with individuals from the endemic center in Wuhan, China. Fever (49 of 51, 96%) and cough (24 of 51, 47%) were the most common symptoms. Most patients had a normal white blood cell count (37 of 51, 73%), neutrophil count (44 of 51, 86%), and either normal (17 of 51, 35%) or reduced (33 of 51, 65%) lymphocyte count. CT images showed pure ground-glass opacity (GGO) in 39 of 51 (77%) patients and GGO with reticular and/or interlobular septal thickening in 38 of 51 (75%) patients. GGO with consolidation was present in 30 of 51 (59%) patients, and pure consolidation was present in 28 of 51 (55%) patients. Forty-four of 51 (86%) patients had bilateral lung involvement, while 41 of 51 (80%) involved the posterior part of the lungs and 44 of 51 (86%) were peripheral. There were more consolidated lung lesions in patients 5 days or more from disease onset to CT scan versus 4 days or fewer (431 of 712 lesions vs 129 of 612 lesions; P < .001). Patients older than 50 years had more consolidated lung lesions than did those aged 50 years or younger (212 of 470 vs 198 of 854; P < .001). Follow-up CT in 13 patients showed improvement in seven (54%) patients and progression in four (31%) patients.ConclusionPatients with fever and/or cough and with conspicuous ground-glass opacity lesions in the peripheral and posterior lungs on CT images, combined with normal or decreased white blood cells and a history of epidemic exposure, are highly suspected of having 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) pneumonia.\u00a9 RSNA, 2020."}, {"pmid": 32346145, "title": "Let Africa into the market for COVID-19 diagnostics.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Nkengasong, John"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346145", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32524964, "title": "COVID-19 and Brazilian Indigenous Populations.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Cupertino, Graziela Almeida", "Cupertino, Marli do Carmo", "Gomes, Andreia Patricia", "Braga, Luciene Muniz", "Siqueira-Batista, Rodrigo"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32524964", "countries": ["Brazil"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The newly discovered SARS-CoV-2 is the cause of COVID-19, including severe respiratory symptoms with an important lethality rate and high dissemination capacity. Considering the indigenous people of Brazil, it is feared that COVID-19 will spread to these communities, causing another stage of decimation. Despite advances in indigenous health care in the country, there are still many challenges due to the social vulnerability of this population, whose lands continue to be illegally exploited. Based on these considerations, this article discusses challenges in caring for the indigenous population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil."}, {"pmid": 32404050, "pmcid": "PMC7220591", "title": "Social media as a recruitment platform for a nationwide online survey of COVID-19 knowledge, beliefs, and practices in the United States: methodology and feasibility analysis.", "journal": "BMC Med Res Methodol", "authors": ["Ali, Shahmir H", "Foreman, Joshua", "Capasso, Ariadna", "Jones, Abbey M", "Tozan, Yesim", "DiClemente, Ralph J"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404050", "countries": ["United States", "Puerto Rico"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has evolved into one of the most impactful health crises in modern history, compelling researchers to explore innovative ways to efficiently collect public health data in a timely manner. Social media platforms have been explored as a research recruitment tool in other settings; however, their feasibility for collecting representative survey data during infectious disease epidemics remain unexplored. This study has two aims 1) describe the methodology used to recruit a nationwide sample of adults residing in the United States (U.S.) to participate in a survey on COVID-19 knowledge, beliefs, and practices, and 2) outline the preliminary findings related to recruitment, challenges using social media as a recruitment platform, and strategies used to address these challenges. An original web-based survey informed by evidence from past literature and validated scales was developed. A Facebook advertisement campaign was used to disseminate the link to an online Qualtrics survey between March 20-30, 2020. Two supplementary male-only and racial minority- targeted advertisements were created on the sixth and tenth day of recruitment, respectively, to address issues of disproportionate female- and White-oriented gender- and ethnic-skewing observed in the advertisement's reach and response trends. In total, 6602 participant responses were recorded with representation from all U.S. 50 states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico. The advertisements cumulatively reached 236,017 individuals and resulted in 9609 clicks (4.07% reach). Total cost of the advertisement was $906, resulting in costs of $0.09 per click and $0.18 per full response (completed surveys). Implementation of the male-only advertisement improved the cumulative percentage of male respondents from approximately 20 to 40%. The social media advertisement campaign was an effective and efficient strategy to collect large scale, nationwide data on COVID-19 within a short time period. Although the proportion of men who completed the survey was lower than those who didn't, interventions to increase male responses and enhance representativeness were successful. These findings can inform future research on the use of social media recruitment for the rapid collection of survey data related to rapidly evolving health crises, such as COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32523109, "title": "Molecular structure analyses suggest strategies to therapeutically target SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Commun", "authors": ["Zhang, Yi", "Kutateladze, Tatiana G"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523109", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32483486, "pmcid": "PMC7237893", "title": "COVID-19 and surgery: Running on good will or guilt?", "journal": "Ann Med Surg (Lond)", "authors": ["Rait, Jaideep Singh", "Balakumar, Charannya", "Montauban, Pierre", "Zarsadias, Prizzi", "Iqbal, Sara", "Shah, Ankur"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483486", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32196087, "pmcid": "PMC7184407", "title": "SARS-CoV2: should inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system be withdrawn in patients with COVID-19?", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Kuster, Gabriela M", "Pfister, Otmar", "Burkard, Thilo", "Zhou, Qian", "Twerenbold, Raphael", "Haaf, Philip", "Widmer, Andreas F", "Osswald, Stefan"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32196087", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499160, "pmcid": "PMC7260564", "title": "Resilience in the time of pandemic: The experience of community pharmacists during COVID-19.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Austin, Zubin", "Gregory, Paul"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499160", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a significant disruption of the practice of pharmacy. Importantly, in many parts of the world, this disruption occurred literally overnight, requiring pharmacists to demonstrate significant adaptability and resiliency in order to manage continuing and in some cases expanding needs of patients. The objective of this research was to characterize how community pharmacy in Ontario (Canada) responded to the COVID-19 pandemic of winter/spring 2020, in particula in understanding what factors may influence or predict resiliency of individual practitioners and their workplaces. One-on-one interviews mediated through technology (Microsoft Teams) were used, following a semi-structured interview protocol. Verbatim transcripts were produced and analyzed by two independent researchers, using an inductive coding process to identify and characterize themes. A total of 21 pharmacists participated in this study. Six themes were identified: a) use of and comfort with technology; b) early adoption of corporate and professional guidance; c) workplaces that emphasized task-focus rather than multi-tasking were more resilient; d) scheduling methods and practices in the workplace are important for personal resilience; e) dedicated specialty staff allowed pharmacists to focus on their work; and f) provision of personal protective equipment was essential. Traditionally, resilience in professional practice has been characterized as a personal, not a workplace, issue. This study suggests that personal resiliency for pharmacists requires substantial workplace support; further work in this area is required to better understand how pharmacists adapt to complex and difficult situations such as pandemics."}, {"pmid": 32251798, "pmcid": "PMC7194885", "title": "Diagnostic value and dynamic variance of serum antibody in coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Jin, Yujiao", "Wang, Miaochan", "Zuo, Zhongbao", "Fan, Chaoming", "Ye, Fei", "Cai, Zhaobin", "Wang, Ying", "Cui, Huaizhong", "Pan, Kenu", "Xu, Aifang"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32251798", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the diagnostic value of serological testing and dynamic variance of serum antibody in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study retrospectively included 43 patients with a laboratory-confirmed infection and 33 patients with a suspected infection, in whom the disease was eventually excluded. The IgM/IgG titer of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was measured by chemiluminescence immunoassay analysis. Compared to molecular detection, the sensitivities of serum IgM and IgG antibodies to diagnose COVID-19 were 48.1% and 88.9%, and the specificities were 100% and 90.9%, respectively.In the COVID-19 group, the IgM-positive rate increased slightly at first and then decreased over time; in contrast, the IgG-positive rate increased to 100% and was higher than IgM at all times. The IgM-positive rate and titer were not significantly different before and after conversion to virus-negative. The IgG-positive rate was up to 90% and not significantly different before and after conversion to virus-negative. However, the median IgG titer after conversion to virus-negative was double that before, and the difference was significant. Viral serological testing is an effective means of diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The positive rate and titer variance of IgG are higher than those of IgM in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32234064, "pmcid": "PMC7110262", "title": "Covid-19 in China: ten critical issues for intensive care medicine.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Li, Li", "Gong, Shijin", "Yan, Jing"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234064", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32345616, "title": "Anti-inflammatory therapy may ameliorate the clinical picture of COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Moutsopoulos, Haralampos M"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345616", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32496233, "title": "The armed forces medical services response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Banerji, Anup"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496233", "countries": ["China", "India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Indian Armed Forces have always responded to the Nation's call and the COVID-19 pandemic response has been no different. On instructions from the Government of India, the Armed Forces Medical Services (AFMS) pitched in right from the initial stages of the epidemic in India as part of a coordinated national response. Be it the execution of medical quarantine for Indian citizens evacuated from China and other COVID affected countries or establishing dedicated and mixed COVID hospitals for its own clientele as well as civilian patients, the AFMS worked in tandem with the national policies. The Armed Forces ensured force preservation and protection of its own troops and families by timely implementation of public health measures, even as it played its designated role in the national strategy. With vision, understanding and clarity, the AFMS continue to lend shoulder to India's response to this global public health challenge."}, {"pmid": 32253754, "title": "Special Issues on Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment for telemedicine Assessment During COVID-19.", "journal": "J Am Geriatr Soc", "authors": ["Phillips, Natalie A", "Chertkow, Howard", "Pichora-Fuller, M Kathleen", "Wittich, Walter"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253754", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32417164, "pmcid": "PMC7211708", "title": "Treatment of sleep apnea by ENT specialists during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis", "authors": ["Bastier, P-L", "Aisenberg, N", "Durand, F", "Lestang, P", "Abedipour, D", "Gallet de Santerre, O", "Couloigner, V", "Bequignon, E"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417164", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The treatment of sleep disorders has been strongly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. When the lockdown is over, resumption of usual patient care will require precautions to limit the risk of contamination for patients and caregivers. In this document, the French Association of Otorhinolaryngology and Sleep disorders (AFSORL) and the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SFORL) put forward a summary of the measures for continuing the treatment of sleep apnoea syndrome in these new practice conditions. Emphasis is placed on teleconsultation, methods of nocturnal sleep studies, the conditions for treatment by continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation, and the postponement of more invasive treatments."}, {"pmid": 32173256, "pmcid": "PMC7102632", "title": "SARS Coronavirus Redux.", "journal": "Trends Immunol", "authors": ["Qing, Enya", "Gallagher, Tom"], "date": "2020-03-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32173256", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As an atypical pneumonia began to appear in December 2019, Zhou et al. worked with remarkable speed to identify the associated virus, determine its relationship to animal viruses, and evaluate factors conferring infection susceptibility and resistance. These foundational results are being advanced to control the current worldwide human coronavirus epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32078967, "pmcid": "PMC7134790", "title": "Coronaphobia: Fear and the 2019-nCoV outbreak.", "journal": "J Anxiety Disord", "authors": ["Asmundson, Gordon J G", "Taylor, Steven"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32078967", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32253197, "title": "Cardiopulmonary resuscitation after hospital admission with covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Fritz, Zoe", "Perkins, Gavin D"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32253197", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437018, "title": "TMPRSS2: Potential Biomarker for COVID-19 Outcomes.", "journal": "J Clin Pharmacol", "authors": ["Strope, Jonathan D", "PharmD, Cindy H Chau", "Figg, William D"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437018", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32372767, "pmcid": "PMC7198149", "title": "[COVID 19 and \"Argumentum ad ignorantiam\" or \"not everything goes\"].", "journal": "Rev Clin Esp", "authors": ["Lopez Reboiro, M L", "Sardina Gonzalez, C", "Lopez Castro, J"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32372767", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529815, "title": "Assessment of the Severity of Coronavirus Disease: Quantitative Computed Tomography Parameters versus Semiquantitative Visual Score.", "journal": "Korean J Radiol", "authors": ["Yin, Xi", "Min, Xiangde", "Nan, Yan", "Feng, Zhaoyan", "Li, Basen", "Cai, Wei", "Xi, Xiaoqing", "Wang, Liang"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529815", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compare the accuracies of quantitative computed tomography (CT) parameters and semiquantitative visual score in evaluating clinical classification of severity of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We retrospectively enrolled 187 patients with COVID-19 treated at Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College from February 15, 2020, to February 29, 2020. Demographic data, imaging characteristics, and clinical data were collected, and based on the clinical classification of severity, patients were divided into groups 1 (mild) and 2 (severe/critical). A semiquantitative visual score was used to estimate the lesion extent. A three-dimensional slicer was used to precisely quantify the volume and CT value of the lung and lesions. Correlation coefficients of the quantitative CT parameters, semiquantitative visual score, and clinical classification were calculated using Spearman's correlation. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare the accuracies of quantitative and semi-quantitative methods. There were 59 patients in group 1 and 128 patients in group 2. The mean age and sex distribution of the two groups were not significantly different. The lesions were primarily located in the subpleural area. Compared to group 1, group 2 had larger values for all volume-dependent parameters (p < 0.001). The percentage of lesions had the strongest correlation with disease severity with a correlation coefficient of 0.495. In comparison, the correlation coefficient of semiquantitative score was 0.349. To classify the severity of COVID-19, area under the curve of the percentage of lesions was the highest (0.807; 95% confidence interval, 0.744-0.861: p < 0.001) and that of the quantitative CT parameters was significantly higher than that of the semiquantitative visual score (p = 0.001). The classification accuracy of quantitative CT parameters was significantly superior to that of semiquantitative visual score in terms of evaluating the severity of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32297330, "pmcid": "PMC7262365", "title": "Reactive lymphocytes in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Chong, Vanessa C L", "Lim, Kian Guan Eric", "Fan, Bingwen Eugene", "Chan, Stephrene S W", "Ong, Kiat H", "Kuperan, Ponnudurai"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297330", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32348049, "title": "[COVID-19 from the nephrologist's point of view].", "journal": "Rev Med Suisse", "authors": ["Kissling, Sebastien", "Pruijm, Menno"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348049", "countries": ["Switzerland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the actual pandemic of COVID-19, it has become clear that the virus causing this devastating disease, SARS-CoV2, targets not only the lungs but also other organs. In this article, we discuss the known or suspected interactions between the virus and the kidneys, as well as their clinical presentations. We also discuss how the pandemic has altered the activities of nephrologists and the logistics of a Swiss dialysis center."}, {"pmid": 32394407, "pmcid": "PMC7213942", "title": "Incidental finding of COVID-19 pulmonary infiltrates on SPECT/CT attenuation correction CT.", "journal": "J Nucl Cardiol", "authors": ["Hindle-Katel, William", "Oen-Hsiao, Joyce", "Lussnig, Erich", "Miller, Edward J"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394407", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499056, "pmcid": "PMC7260517", "title": "COVID-19, economic impact and child mortality: A global concern.", "journal": "Clin Nutr", "authors": ["Kabir, Mahvish", "Saqib, Muhammad Arif Nadeem", "Zaid, Muhammad", "Ahmed, Haroon", "Afzal, Muhammad Sohail"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499056", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456716, "title": "Prisons and the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Gulati, Gautam", "Dunne, Colum P", "Kelly, Brendan D"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456716", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278175, "pmcid": "PMC7128376", "title": "COVID-19: A promising cure for the global panic.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Vellingiri, Balachandar", "Jayaramayya, Kaavya", "Iyer, Mahalaxmi", "Narayanasamy, Arul", "Govindasamy, Vivekanandhan", "Giridharan, Bupesh", "Ganesan, Singaravelu", "Venugopal, Anila", "Venkatesan, Dhivya", "Ganesan, Harsha", "Rajagopalan, Kamarajan", "Rahman, Pattanathu K S M", "Cho, Ssang-Goo", "Kumar, Nachimuthu Senthil", "Subramaniam, Mohana Devi"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278175", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The outbreak of COVID-19 is wreaking havoc worldwide due to inadequate risk assessment regarding the urgency of the situation. The COVID-19 pandemic has entered a dangerous new phase. When compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 has spread more rapidly, due to increased globalization and adaptation of the virus in every environment. Slowing the spread of the COVID-19 cases will significantly reduce the strain on the healthcare system of the country by limiting the number of people who are severely sick by COVID-19 and need hospital care. Hence, the recent outburst of COVID-19 highlights an urgent need for therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2. Here, we have discussed the structure of virus; varying symptoms among COVID-19, SARS, MERS and common flu; the probable mechanism behind the infection and its immune response. Further, the current treatment options, drugs available, ongoing trials and recent diagnostics for COVID-19 have been discussed. We suggest traditional Indian medicinal plants as possible novel therapeutic approaches, exclusively targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its pathways."}, {"pmid": 32252139, "pmcid": "PMC7170785", "title": "Epidemiology and clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 in children.", "journal": "Clin Exp Pediatr", "authors": ["Choi, Soo-Han", "Kim, Han Wool", "Kang, Ji-Man", "Kim, Dong Hyun", "Cho, Eun Young"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252139", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), which started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and declared a worldwide pandemic on March 11, 2020, is a novel infectious disease that causes respiratory illness and death. Pediatric COVID-19 accounts for a small percentage of patients and is often milder than that in adults; however, it can progress to severe disease in some cases. Even neonates can suffer from COVID-19, and children may spread the disease in the community. This review summarizes what is currently known about COVID-19 in children and adolescents."}, {"pmid": 32383370, "pmcid": "PMC7211515", "title": "Prevalence and Duration of Acute Loss of Smell or Taste in COVID-19 Patients.", "journal": "J Korean Med Sci", "authors": ["Lee, Yonghyun", "Min, Pokkee", "Lee, Seonggu", "Kim, Shin Woo"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383370", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Initially, acute loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia) was not considered important symptoms for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To determine the prevalence of these symptoms and to evaluate their diagnostic significance, we (approximately 150 physicians of the Daegu Medical Association) prospectively collected data of cases of anosmia and ageusia from March 8, 2020, via telephone interview among 3,191 patients in Daegu, Korea. Acute anosmia or ageusia was observed in 15.3% (488/3,191) patients in the early stage of COVID-19 and in 15.7% (367/2,342) patients with asymptomatic-to-mild disease severity. Their prevalence was significantly more common among females and younger individuals (P = 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Most patients with anosmia or ageusia recovered within 3 weeks. The median time to recovery was 7 days for both symptoms. Anosmia and ageusia seem to be part of important symptoms and clues for the diagnosis of COVID-19, particularly in the early stage of the disease."}, {"pmid": 32510648, "title": "Urticarial vasculitis in COVID-19 infection: a vasculopathy-related symptom?", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["de Perosanz-Lobo, D", "Fernandez-Nieto, D", "Burgos-Blasco, P", "Selda-Enriquez, G", "Carretero, I", "Moreno, C", "Fernandez-Guarino, M"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510648", "countries": ["Italy", "Spain"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has been recently declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), being Italy and Spain the worst-hit European countries. Although the main clinical picture consists of fever and respiratory symptoms, an increasing number of studies have reported associated skin manifestations. Herein we present two patients with urticarial vasculitis arising in the context of COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32513810, "title": "Covid-19: Hydroxychloroquine does not benefit hospitalised patients, UK trial finds.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Torjesen, Ingrid"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513810", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32521159, "title": "Structural basis of potential binding mechanism of remdesivir to SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase.", "journal": "J Phys Chem B", "authors": ["Zhang, Leili", "Zhou, Ruhong"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32521159", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Starting from late 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a once-in-a-century pandemic with deadly consequences, which urgently calls for new treatments, cures and supporting apparatuses. Recently, because of its positive results in clinical trials, remdesivir was approved by Food and Drug Administration to treat COVID-19 through Emergency Use Authorization. Here, we used molecular dynamics simulations and free energy perturbation methods to study the inhibition mechanism of remdesivir to its target SARS-CoV-2 virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). We first constructed the homology model of this polymerase based on a previously available structure of SARS-CoV NSP12 RdRp (with a sequence identify of 95.8%). We then built a putative pre-insertion binding structure by aligning the remdesivir + RdRp complex to the ATP bound poliovirus RdRp without the RNA template. The putative binding structure was further optimized with molecular dynamics simulations. The resulting stable pre-insertion state of remdesivir appeared to form hydrogen bonds with the RNA template when aligned with the newly solved cryo-EM structure of SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. The relative binding free energy between remdesivir and ATP was calculated to be -2.80 \u00b1 0.84 kcal/mol, where remdesivir bound much stronger to SARS-CoV-2 RdRp than the natural substrate ATP. The ~100-fold improvement in the Kd from remdesivir over ATP indicates an effective replacement of ATP in blocking of the RdRp pre-insertion site. Key residues D618, S549 and R555 are found to be the contributors to the binding affinity of remdesivir. These findings suggest that remdesivir can potentially act as a SARS-CoV-2 RNA-chain terminator, effectively stopping its RNA replication, with key residues also identified for future lead optimization and/or drug resistance studies."}, {"pmid": 32425487, "pmcid": "PMC7229967", "title": "[Caring For The Caregiver: The Emotional Impact Of The Coronavirus Epidemic On Nurses And Other Health Professionals].", "journal": "Enferm Clin", "authors": ["Ferran, Mercedes Bueno", "Trigo, Sergio Barrientos"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425487", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The health crisis caused by the Covid-19 virus pandemic has once again highlighted the role of health professionals as a key element for their containment, who suffer from high tension marked by healthcare pressure and the lack of means of protection. Given this tension, it is relevant to analyze the emotional impact on health professionals of the coronavirus pandemic and the coping resources to reduce or mitigate this impact. Stress, sleep disorders and depressive symptoms stand out. Some strategies are recommended that have been used by professionals who have previously been under pressure from COVID-19 and have been helpful to them. Finally, some recommendations whose efficacy is known for managing emotional impact are pointed out."}, {"pmid": 32291377, "title": "COVID-19 and Indonesia.", "journal": "Acta Med Indones", "authors": ["Setiati, Siti", "Azwar, Muhammad Khifzhon"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291377", "countries": ["Indonesia"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an ongoing problem in more than 200 countries in the world. Indonesia has been greatly affected by COVID-19 with case fatality rate (CFR) being 8.9% in the end of March 2020. We have some room for improvement related to the unreadingess of healthcare facility and the major steps taken by the government. It is suggested that the country should have stricter Stay-at-Home notice, suppress the spread by imposing lockdown on a large scale, improve healthcare service, and increase the availability of personal protective equipments (PPE). It is important to avoid an epidemic peak that potentially overwhelms healthcare service by quarantining the case contacts. Lockdown may prolong the epidemic doubling time significantly. Demand of health system is likely to grow since the number of COVID-19 case is likely to rise. Effective procedures for protecting medical staff from infection are essential. Scientific research in Indonesia is also crucial to provide suggestion and recommendation pertinent to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32435692, "pmcid": "PMC7228427", "title": "COVID-19, Climate Change, and Renewable Energy Research: We Are All in This Together, and the Time to Act Is Now.", "journal": "ACS Energy Lett", "authors": ["Jin, Song"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435692", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32366470, "pmcid": "PMC7207176", "title": "Additional safety consideration for azithromycin in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Seftel, Matthew D"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366470", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303600, "pmcid": "PMC7262230", "title": "(90)Y Radioembolization: Telemedicine During COVID-19 Outbreak, Opportunity for Prime Time.", "journal": "J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Quek, Lawrence", "Kannivelu, Anbalagan", "Pua, Uei"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303600", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404672, "pmcid": "PMC7268842", "title": "Virtual Surgical Training During COVID-19: Operating Room Simulation Platforms Accessible from Home.", "journal": "Ann Surg", "authors": ["McKechnie, Tyler", "Levin, Marc", "Zhou, Kelvin", "Freedman, Benjamin", "Palter, Vanessa", "Grantcharov, Teodor P"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404672", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32459548, "title": "Re: COVID-19 and the Urology Match: Perspectives and a Call To Action.", "journal": "J Urol", "authors": ["Warren, Christopher J", "Davis, Matthew", "Sadeghi-Nejad, Hossein"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459548", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525098, "title": "Canadian children's and youth's adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines during the COVID-19 pandemic: A decision tree analysis.", "journal": "J Sport Health Sci", "authors": ["Guerrero, Michelle D", "Vanderloo, Leigh M", "Rhodes, Ryan E", "Faulkner, Guy", "Moore, Sarah A", "Tremblay, Mark S"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525098", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The purpose of this study was to use decision tree modeling to generate profiles of children and youth who were more or less likely to meet the Canadian 24-h movement guidelines during the COVID-19 outbreak. Data for this study were from a nationally representative sample of 1472 Canadian parents (Meanage\u202f=\u202f45.12, SD\u202f=\u202f7.55) of children (5-11 years old) or youth (12-17 years old). Data were collected in April 2020 via an online survey. Survey items assessed demographic, behavioral, social, micro-environmental, and macro-environmental characteristics. Four decision trees of adherence and non-adherence to all movement recommendations combined and each individual movement recommendation (physical activity, screen time, and sleep) were generated. Results revealed specific combinations of adherence and non-adherence characteristics. Characteristics associated with adherence to the recommendation(s) included high parental perceived capability to restrict screen time, being a boy, increases in children's and youth's outdoor physical activity/sport since the COVID-19 outbreak began, having parents younger than 43 years old (for adherence to screen time recommendation), having no to little change in sleep duration since the COVID-19 outbreak began, and having parents older than 35 years old (for adherence to the sleep recommendation). Characteristics associated with non-adherence to the recommendation(s) included low parental perceived capability to restrict screen time, decreases in children's and youth's outdoor physical activity/sport since the COVID-19 outbreak began, primary residences located in all provinces except Quebec, low parental perceived capability to support children's sleep, and increases in sleep duration since the COVID-19 outbreak began. Our results show that specific characteristics interact to contribute to (non)adherence to the movement behavior recommendations. Results highlight the importance of targeting parents' perceived capability for the promotion of children's and youth's movement behaviors during challenging times of the COVID-19 pandemic, paying particular attention to enhancing parental perceived capability to restrict screen time."}, {"pmid": 32488203, "pmcid": "PMC7265161", "title": "Author Correction: Pathological inflammation in patients with COVID-19: a key role for monocytes and macrophages.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Merad, Miriam", "Martin, Jerome C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488203", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32442557, "pmcid": "PMC7236722", "title": "Lack of type 1 diabetes involvement in SARS-COV-2 population: Only a particular coincidence?", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Pitocco, Dario", "Tartaglione, Linda", "Viti, Luca", "Di Leo, Mauro", "Manto, Andrea", "Caputo, Salvatore", "Pontecorvi, Alfredo"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442557", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282959, "pmcid": "PMC7262024", "title": "Navigating Nonessential Research Trials During COVID-19: The Push We Needed for Using Digital Technology to Increase Access for Rural Participants?", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Noonan, Devon", "Simmons, Leigh Ann"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282959", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304265, "title": "Adapting to a global pandemic through live virtual delivery of a cancer collaborative trial group conference: The TROG 2020 experience.", "journal": "J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["McDowell, Lachlan", "Goode, Susan", "Sundaresan, Puma"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304265", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global COVID-19 pandemic forced the cancellation of the TROG 2020 face to face Annual Scientific Meeting (ASM). It was instead delivered as a live virtual meeting with 6\u00a0days of planning. Here, we report the participants' experience of this live virtual meeting. Participants were invited to complete custom-developed, pre- and post-meeting surveys to assess their expectations of and satisfaction with the live virtual format. Speakers and moderators were also invited to complete a custom-developed satisfaction survey. The working parties of TROG (head/neck/skin, genitourinary, breast and lung) were also sampled. In total, 188/273 (69%) registered participants logged in to the live virtual meeting. The online engagement for each of the oral sessions ranged from 53 to 66%. There were 102 and 57 responders to the online pre- and post-meeting surveys, respectively. The majority of pre-meeting responders indicated a significant level of employer support to attend the virtual meeting. Post-meeting satisfaction exceeded pre-meeting expectations ('very much' and 'quite a bit'; 86% vs. 54%; P\u00a0<\u00a00.0001). The majority indicated they would be 'quite a bit' or 'very much' interested in future live virtual meetings. The TROG 2020 ASM was conducted as a live virtual meeting. Participant satisfaction and future interest in a live virtual meeting was high, indicating this is a viable platform for other CCTG's faced with the decision to deliver virtual content at times of global public health threats."}, {"pmid": 32403009, "pmcid": "PMC7194071", "title": "Five-minute point-of-care testing for SARS-CoV-2: Not there yet.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Hogan, Catherine A", "Sahoo, Malaya K", "Huang, ChunHong", "Garamani, Natasha", "Stevens, Bryan", "Zehnder, James", "Pinsky, Benjamin A"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403009", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473879, "pmcid": "PMC7256603", "title": "POPCoRN One-Pagers: Educational Materials for Pediatric Providers Caring For Adults.", "journal": "Acad Pediatr", "authors": ["Lang, Alexander", "Burger, Barrett", "Doraiswamy, Vignesh", "Peterson, Rachel", "Shore, David", "Vithalani, Vrunda", "Pfarr, Marie"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473879", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472745, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 and human milk: What is the evidence?", "journal": "Matern Child Nutr", "authors": ["Lackey, Kimberly A", "Pace, Ryan M", "Williams, Janet E", "Bode, Lars", "Donovan, Sharon M", "Jarvinen, Kirsi M", "Seppo, Antti E", "Raiten, Daniel J", "Meehan, Courtney L", "McGuire, Mark A", "McGuire, Michelle K"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472745", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as one of the most compelling and concerning public health challenges of our time. To address the myriad issues generated by this pandemic, an interdisciplinary breadth of research, clinical and public health communities has rapidly engaged to collectively find answers and solutions. One area of active inquiry is understanding the mode(s) of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Although respiratory droplets are a known mechanism of transmission, other mechanisms are likely. Of particular importance to global health is the possibility of vertical transmission from infected mothers to infants through breastfeeding or consumption of human milk. However, there is limited published literature related to vertical transmission of any human coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-2) via human milk and/or breastfeeding. Results of the literature search reported here (finalized on 17 April 2020) revealed a single study providing some evidence of vertical transmission of human coronavirus 229E; a single study evaluating presence of SARS-CoV in human milk (it was negative); and no published data on MERS-CoV and human milk. We identified 13 studies reporting human milk tested for SARS-CoV-2; one study (a non-peer-reviewed preprint) detected the virus in one milk sample, and another study detected SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG in milk. Importantly, none of the studies on coronaviruses and human milk report validation of their collection and analytical methods for use in human milk. These reports are evaluated here, and their implications related to the possibility of vertical transmission of coronaviruses (in particular, SARS-CoV-2) during breastfeeding are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32459692, "title": "The World Glaucoma Association during the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Glaucoma", "authors": ["Lerner, S Fabian", "Lin, Shan", "Mansouri, Kaweh"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32459692", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455629, "title": "Tripartite Combination of Candidate Pandemic Mitigation Agents: Vitamin D, Quercetin, and Estradiol Manifest Properties of Medicinal Agents for Targeted Mitigation of the COVID-19 Pandemic Defined by Genomics-Guided Tracing of SARS-CoV-2 Targets in Human Cells.", "journal": "Biomedicines", "authors": ["Glinsky, Gennadi V"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455629", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Genes required for SARS-CoV-2 entry into human cells, ACE2 and FURIN, were employed as baits to build genomic-guided molecular maps of upstream regulatory elements, their expression and functions in the human body, and pathophysiologically relevant cell types. Repressors and activators of the ACE2 and FURIN genes were identified based on the analyses of gene silencing and overexpression experiments as well as relevant transgenic mouse models. Panels of repressors (VDR; GATA5; SFTPC; HIF1a) and activators (HMGA2; INSIG1; RUNX1; HNF4a; JNK1/c-FOS) were then employed to identify existing drugs manifesting in their effects on gene expression signatures of potential coronavirus infection mitigation agents. Using this strategy, vitamin D and quercetin have been identified as putative 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) mitigation agents. Quercetin has been identified as one of top-scoring candidate therapeutics in the supercomputer SUMMIT drug-docking screen and Gene Set Enrichment Analyses (GSEA) of expression profiling experiments (EPEs), indicating that highly structurally similar quercetin, luteolin, and eriodictyol could serve as scaffolds for the development of efficient inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In agreement with this notion, quercetin alters the expression of 98 of 332 (30%) of human genes encoding protein targets of SARS-CoV-2, thus potentially interfering with functions of 23 of 27 (85%) of the SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins in human cells. Similarly, Vitamin D may interfere with functions of 19 of 27 (70%) of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins by altering expression of 84 of 332 (25%) of human genes encoding protein targets of SARS-CoV-2. Considering the potential effects of both quercetin and vitamin D, the inference could be made that functions of 25 of 27 (93%) of SARS-CoV-2 proteins in human cells may be altered. GSEA and EPEs identify multiple drugs, smoking, and many disease conditions that appear to act as putative coronavirus infection-promoting agents. Discordant patterns of testosterone versus estradiol impacts on SARS-CoV-2 targets suggest a plausible molecular explanation of the apparently higher male mortality during the coronavirus pandemic. Estradiol, in contrast with testosterone, affects the expression of the majority of human genes (203 of 332; 61%) encoding SARS-CoV-2 targets, thus potentially interfering with functions of 26 of 27 SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins. A hypothetical tripartite combination consisting of quercetin/vitamin D/estradiol may affect expression of 244 of 332 (73%) human genes encoding SARS-CoV-2 targets. Of major concern is the ACE2 and FURIN expression in many human cells and tissues, including immune cells, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 may infect a broad range of cellular targets in the human body. Infection of immune cells may cause immunosuppression, long-term persistence of the virus, and spread of the virus to secondary targets. Present analyses and numerous observational studies indicate that age-associated vitamin D deficiency may contribute to the high mortality of older adults and the elderly. Immediate availability for targeted experimental and clinical interrogations of potential COVID-19 pandemic mitigation agents, namely vitamin D and quercetin, as well as of the highly selective (Ki, 600 pm) intrinsically specific FURIN inhibitor (a1-antitrypsin Portland (a1-PDX), is considered an encouraging factor. Observations reported in this contribution are intended to facilitate follow-up targeted experimental studies and, if warranted, randomized clinical trials to identify and validate therapeutically viable interventions to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, gene expression profiles of vitamin D and quercetin activities and their established safety records as over-the-counter medicinal substances strongly argue that they may represent viable candidates for further considerations of their potential utility as COVID-19 pandemic mitigation agents. In line with the results of present analyses, a randomized interventional clinical trial evaluating effects of estradiol on severity of the coronavirus infection in COVID19+ and presumptive COVID19+ patients and two interventional randomized clinical trials evaluating effects of vitamin D on prevention and treatment of COVID-19 were listed on the ClinicalTrials.gov website."}, {"pmid": 32507543, "title": "Spiking Pandemic Potential: Structural and Immunological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Trends Microbiol", "authors": ["Wang, Ying-Ting", "Landeras-Bueno, Sara", "Hsieh, Li-En", "Terada, Yutaka", "Kim, Kenneth", "Ley, Klaus", "Shresta, Sujan", "Saphire, Erica Ollmann", "Regla-Nava, Jose Angel"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507543", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), an infectious respiratory disease causing thousands of deaths and overwhelming public health systems. The international spread of SARS-CoV-2 is associated with the ease of global travel, and societal dynamics, immunologic naivet\u00e9 of the host population, and muted innate immune responses. Based on these factors and the expanding geographic scale of the disease, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic-the first caused by a coronavirus. In this review, we summarize the current epidemiological status of COVID-19 and consider the virological and immunological lessons, animal models, and tools developed in response to prior SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks that can serve as resources for development of SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics and vaccines. In particular, we discuss structural insights into the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, a major determinant of transmissibility, and discuss key molecular aspects that will aid in understanding and fighting this new global threat."}, {"pmid": 32460144, "pmcid": "PMC7241386", "title": "Altered cytokine levels and immune responses in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and related conditions.", "journal": "Cytokine", "authors": ["Noroozi, Rezvan", "Branicki, Wojciech", "Pyrc, Krzysztof", "Labaj, Pawel P", "Pospiech, Ewelina", "Taheri, Mohammad", "Ghafouri-Fard, Soudeh"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460144", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic in early 2020. The infection has been associated with a wide range of clinical symptoms. In the severely affected patients, it has caused dysregulation of immune responses including over-secretion of inflammatory cytokines and imbalances in the proportion of na\u00efve helper T cells, memory helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Identification of the underlying mechanism of such aberrant function of immune system would help in the prediction of disease course and selection of susceptible patients for more intensive cares. In the current review, we summarize the results of studies which reported alterations in cytokine levels and immune cell functions in patients affected with SARS-CoV-2 and related viruses."}, {"pmid": 32481380, "title": "Efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine for Coronavirus disease 2019: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Medicine (Baltimore)", "authors": ["Yang, Maoyi", "Hu, Zhipeng", "Yue, Rensong"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32481380", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is no specific cure for this disease, and the clinical management mainly depends on supportive treatment. Traditional Chinese medicines (CHM) is widely used in treating COVID-19 in China. A comprehensive literature search will be conducted. Two methodological trained researchers will read the title, abstract, and full texts and independently select the qualified literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. After assessment of the risk of bias and data extraction, we will conduct meta-analyses for outcomes related to COVID-19. The heterogeneity of data will be investigated by Cochrane \u03c7 and I tests. Then publication bias assessment will be conducted by funnel plot analysis and Egger test. The results of our research will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Our study aims to systematically present the clinical evidence of CHM in the treatment of COVID-19, which will be of guiding significance for further research and clinical practice. 10.17605/OSF.IO/H7GMU."}, {"pmid": 32422207, "pmcid": "PMC7227521", "title": "Balancing risks and benefits in inflammatory bowel disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Gastroenterology", "authors": ["Kotze, Paulo Gustavo", "Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent", "Danese, Silvio"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422207", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405136, "pmcid": "PMC7218359", "title": "[COVID-19 and simultaneous thrombosis of two coronary arteries].", "journal": "Rev Esp Cardiol", "authors": ["Rey, Juan R", "Valero, Santiago Jimenez", "Pinedo, Dolores Poveda", "Llorens, Jose Luis Merino", "Lopez-Sendon, Jose Luis", "Caro-Codon, Juan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405136", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275742, "pmcid": "PMC7184436", "title": "COVID-19 Autopsies, Oklahoma, USA.", "journal": "Am J Clin Pathol", "authors": ["Barton, Lisa M", "Duval, Eric J", "Stroberg, Edana", "Ghosh, Subha", "Mukhopadhyay, Sanjay"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275742", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To report the methods and findings of two complete autopsies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive individuals who died in Oklahoma (United States) in March 2020. Complete postmortem examinations were performed according to standard procedures in a negative-pressure autopsy suite/isolation room using personal protective equipment, including N95 masks, eye protection, and gowns. The diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing on postmortem swabs. A 77-year-old obese man with a history of hypertension, splenectomy, and 6 days of fever and chills died while being transported for medical care. He tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on postmortem nasopharyngeal and lung parenchymal swabs. Autopsy revealed diffuse alveolar damage and chronic inflammation and edema in the bronchial mucosa. A 42-year-old obese man with a history of myotonic dystrophy developed abdominal pain followed by fever, shortness of breath, and cough. Postmortem nasopharyngeal swab was positive for SARS-CoV-2; lung parenchymal swabs were negative. Autopsy showed acute bronchopneumonia with evidence of aspiration. Neither autopsy revealed viral inclusions, mucus plugging in airways, eosinophils, or myocarditis. SARS-CoV-2 testing can be performed at autopsy. Autopsy findings such as diffuse alveolar damage and airway inflammation reflect true virus-related pathology; other findings represent superimposed or unrelated processes."}, {"pmid": 32451923, "pmcid": "PMC7246970", "title": "The G-Quadruplex/Helicase World as a Potential Antiviral Approach Against COVID-19.", "journal": "Drugs", "authors": ["Panera, Nadia", "Tozzi, Alberto Eugenio", "Alisi, Anna"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451923", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "G-Quadruplexes (G4s) are non-canonical secondary structures formed within guanine-rich regions of DNA or RNA. G4 sequences/structures have been detected in human and in viral genomes, including Coronaviruses Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2. Here, we outline the existing evidence indicating that G4 ligands and inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 helicase may exert some antiviral activity reducing viral replication and can represent a potential therapeutic approach to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also discuss how repositioning of FDA-approved drugs against helicase activity of other viruses, could represent a rapid strategy to limit deaths associated with COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32292898, "pmcid": "PMC7129293", "title": "Facemask shortage and the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak: Reflections on public health measures.", "journal": "EClinicalMedicine", "authors": ["Wu, Huai-Liang", "Huang, Jian", "Zhang, Casper J P", "He, Zonglin", "Ming, Wai-Kit"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292898", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak due to the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection occurred in China in late December 2019. Facemask wearing with proper hand hygiene is considered an effective measure to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission, but facemask wearing has become a social concern due to the global facemask shortage. China is the major facemask producer in the world, contributing to 50% of global production. However, a universal facemask wearing policy would put an enormous burden on the facemask supply. We performed a policy review concerning facemasks using government websites and mathematical modelling shortage analyses based on data obtained from the National Health Commission (NHC), the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and General Administration of Customs (GAC) of the People's Republic of China. Three scenarios with respect to wearing facemasks were considered: (1) a universal facemask wearing policy implementation in all regions of mainland China; (2) a universal facemask wearing policy implementation only in the epicentre (Hubei province, China); and (3) no implementation of a universal facemask wearing policy. Regardless of different universal facemask wearing policy scenarios, facemask shortage would occur but eventually end during our prediction period (from 20 Jan 2020 to 30 Jun 2020). The duration of the facemask shortage described in the scenarios of a country-wide universal facemask wearing policy, a universal facemask wearing policy in the epicentre, and no universal facemask wearing policy were 132, seven, and four days, respectively. During the prediction period, the largest daily facemask shortages were predicted to be 589\u00b75, 49\u00b73, and 37\u00b75 million in each of the three scenarios, respectively. In any scenario, an N95 mask shortage was predicted to occur on 24 January 2020 with a daily facemask shortage of 2\u00b72 million. Implementing a universal facemask wearing policy in the whole of China could lead to severe facemask shortage. Without effective public communication, a universal facemask wearing policy could result in societal panic and subsequently, increase the nationwide and worldwide demand for facemasks. These increased demands could cause a facemask shortage for healthcare workers and reduce the effectiveness of outbreak control in the affected regions, eventually leading to a pandemic. To fight novel infectious disease outbreaks, such as COVID-19, governments should monitor domestic facemask supplies and give priority to healthcare workers. The risk of asymptomatic transmission and facemask shortages should be carefully evaluated before introducing a universal facemask wearing policy in high-risk regions. Public health measures aimed at improving hand hygiene and effective public communication should be considered along with the facemask policy."}, {"pmid": 32199619, "pmcid": "PMC7156121", "title": "The characteristics and clinical value of chest CT images of novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "Clin Radiol", "authors": ["Zhao, X", "Liu, B", "Yu, Y", "Wang, X", "Du, Y", "Gu, J", "Wu, X"], "date": "2020-03-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32199619", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the characteristics and clinical value of chest computed tomography (CT) images of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). Clinical data and CT images of 80 cases of NCP were collected. The clinical manifestations and laboratory test results of the patients were analysed. The lesions in each lung segment of the patient's chest CT images were characterised. Lesions were scored according to length and diffusivity. The main clinical manifestations were fever, dry cough, fatigue, a little white sputum, or diarrhoea. A total of 1,702 scored lesions were found in the first chest CT images of 80 patients. The lesions were located mainly in the subpleural area of the lungs (92.4%). Most of the lesions were ground-glass opacity, and subsequent fusions could increase in range and spread mainly in the subpleural area. Pulmonary consolidation accounted for 44.1% of all of the lesions. Of the 80 cases, 76 patients (95%) had bilateral lung disease, four (5%) patients had unilateral lung disease, and eight (10%) patients had cord shadow. The chest CT of NCP patients is characterised by the onset of bilateral ground-glass lesions located in the subpleural area of the lung, and progressive lesions that result in consolidation with no migratory lesions. Pleural effusions and mediastinal lymphadenopathy are rare. As patients can have inflammatory changes in the lungs alongside a negative early nucleic acid test, chest CT, in combination with epidemiological and laboratory tests, is a useful examination to evaluate the disease and curative effect."}, {"pmid": 32513552, "title": "Adaptive neurology in COVID-19 times.", "journal": "Parkinsonism Relat Disord", "authors": ["Moro, Elena", "Fernandez, Hubert H"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513552", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32316713, "pmcid": "PMC7210081", "title": "[Clinical Characteristics and Coping Strategies of Neoplasms with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection].", "journal": "Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi", "authors": ["Zhao, Nannan", "Shi, Jie", "Zeng, Lizhong", "Yang, Shuanying"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32316713", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since mid-December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has outbroken in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and spread rapidly to other provinces in China and dozens of countries and regions around the world, becoming the Public Health Emergency of International Concern (Public Health Emergency of International Concern). SARS-CoV-2 can mainly transmit by droplets or close contact, and is generally susceptible in the crowd. Tumor patients are at high risk of this pathogen because of their impaired immune function. Identifying tumor patients with 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) early, and understanding its distribution characteristics can help to improve the cure rate of patients, and better control the epidemic and development of SARS-CoV-2 much better. With comprehensive analysis of relevant literature, this paper reviews the clinical characteristics of neoplastic patients with COVID-19, and puts forward some suggestions on how to deal with this epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32366740, "pmcid": "PMC7242088", "title": "COVID-19 and Avoiding Ibuprofen. How Good Is the Evidence?", "journal": "Am J Ther", "authors": ["Sridharan, Gurusaravanan Kutti", "Kotagiri, Rajesh", "Chandiramani, Vijay H", "Mohan, Babu P", "Vegunta, Rathnamitreyee", "Vegunta, Radhakrishna", "Rokkam, Venkata R P"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366740", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ibuprofen is an over-the-counter medication that is used widely for the treatment of pain and fever during COVID-19 pandemic. A concern was raised regarding the safety of ibuprofen use because of its role in increasing ACE2 levels within the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system. ACE2 is the coreceptor for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells, and so, a potential increased risk of contracting COVID-19 disease and/or worsening of COVID-19 infection was feared with ibuprofen use. However, available data from limited studies show administration of recombinant ACE2 improves lung damage caused by respiratory viruses, suggesting ibuprofen use may be beneficial in COVID-19 disease. At this time, there is no supporting evidence to discourage the use of ibuprofen."}, {"pmid": 32330544, "pmcid": "PMC7173829", "title": "Management of Acute Myocardial Infarction During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Coll Cardiol", "authors": ["Mahmud, Ehtisham", "Dauerman, Harold L", "Welt, Frederick Gp", "Messenger, John C", "Rao, Sunil V", "Grines, Cindy", "Mattu, Amal", "Kirtane, Ajay J", "Jauhar, Rajiv", "Meraj, Perwaiz", "Rokos, Ivan C", "Rumsfeld, John S", "Henry, Timothy D"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330544", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The worldwide pandemic caused by the novel acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has resulted in a new and lethal disease termed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although there is an association between cardiovascular disease and COVID-19, the majority of patients who need cardiovascular care for the management of ischemic heart disease may not be infected with COVID-19. The objective of this document is to provide recommendations for a systematic approach for the care of patients with an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a recognition of two major challenges in providing recommendations for AMI care in the COVID-19 era. Cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 are complex with patients presenting with AMI, myocarditis simulating a ST-elevation MI presentation, stress cardiomyopathy, non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, coronary spasm, or nonspecific myocardial injury and the prevalence of COVID-19 disease in the US population remains unknown with risk of asymptomatic spread. This document addresses the care of these patients focusing on 1) the varied clinical presentations; 2) appropriate personal protection equipment (PPE) for health care workers; 3) role of the Emergency Department, Emergency Medical System and the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory; and 4) Regional STEMI systems of care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, primary PCI remains the standard of care for STEMI patients at PCI capable hospitals when it can be provided in a timely fashion, with an expert team outfitted with PPE in a dedicated CCL room. A fibrinolysis-based strategy may be entertained at non-PCI capable referral hospitals or in specific situations where primary PCI cannot be executed or is not deemed the best option."}, {"pmid": 32435815, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pharmacy learners and preceptors.", "journal": "Am J Health Syst Pharm", "authors": ["Louiselle, Katie", "Elson, E Claire", "Oschman, Alexandra", "Duehlmeyer, Stephanie"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435815", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418371, "title": "RESILIENCE AND COVID-19.", "journal": "Rev Colomb Obstet Ginecol", "authors": ["Solano Gamez, Armando"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418371", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32448391, "pmcid": "PMC7245637", "title": "The pulmonary sequalae in discharged patients with COVID-19: a short-term observational study.", "journal": "Respir Res", "authors": ["Liu, Dehan", "Zhang, Wanshu", "Pan, Feng", "Li, Lin", "Yang, Lian", "Zheng, Dandan", "Wang, Jiazheng", "Liang, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448391", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cluster of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia were discharged from hospitals in Wuhan, China. We aimed to determine the cumulative percentage of complete radiological resolution at each time point, to explore the relevant affecting factors, and to describe the chest CT findings at different time points after hospital discharge. Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia confirmed by RT-PCR who were discharged consecutively from the hospital between 5 February 2020 and 10 March 2020 and who underwent serial chest CT scans on schedule were enrolled. The radiological characteristics of all patients were collected and analysed. The total CT score was the sum of non-GGO involvement determined at discharge. Afterwards, all patients underwent chest CT scans during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks after discharge. Imaging features and distributions were analysed across different time points. A total of 149 patients who completed all CT scans were evaluated; there were 67 (45.0%) men and 82 (55.0%) women, with a median age of 43\u2009years old (IQR 36-56). The cumulative percentage of complete radiological resolution was 8.1% (12 patients), 41.6% (62), 50.3% (75), and 53.0% (79) at discharge and during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd weeks after discharge, respectively. Patients \u226444\u2009years old showed a significantly higher cumulative percentage of complete radiological resolution than patients >\u200944\u2009years old at the 3-week follow-up. The predominant patterns of abnormalities observed at discharge were ground-glass opacity (GGO) (125 [83.9%]), fibrous stripe (81 [54.4%]), and thickening of the adjacent pleura (33 [22.1%]). The positive count of GGO, fibrous stripe and thickening of the adjacent pleura gradually decreased, while GGO and fibrous stripe showed obvious resolution during the first week and the third week after discharge, respectively. \"Tinted\" sign and bronchovascular bundle distortion as two special features were discovered during the evolution. Lung lesions in COVID-19 pneumonia patients can be absorbed completely during short-term follow-up with no sequelae. Two weeks after discharge might be the optimal time point for early radiological estimation."}, {"pmid": 32415869, "title": "Surge after the surge: Anticipating the increased volume and needs of patients with head and neck cancer after the peak in COVID-19.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Bowman, Ryan", "Crosby, Dana L", "Sharma, Arun"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415869", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to have extensive effects on public health as it spreads rapidly across the globe. Patients with head and neck cancer are a particularly susceptible population to these effects, and we expect there to be a potential surge in patients presenting with head and neck cancers after the surge in COVID-19. Furthermore, the impact of social distancing measures could result in a shift toward more advanced disease at presentation. With appropriate anticipation, multidisciplinary head and cancer teams could potentially minimize the impact of this surge and plan for strategies to provide optimal care for patients with head and neck cancer."}, {"pmid": 32334009, "pmcid": "PMC7195414", "title": "Correspondence COVID-19: Melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment.", "journal": "Life Sci", "authors": ["Salles, Cristina"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334009", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442516, "pmcid": "PMC7236709", "title": "Racial Inequalities in Mortality from Coronavirus: The Tip of the Iceberg.", "journal": "Am J Med", "authors": ["Levine, Robert S", "Johnson, Heather M", "Maki, Dennis G", "Hennekens, Charles H"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442516", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527864, "title": "Response to: 'Telerheumatology in COVID-19 era: a study from a psoriatic arthritis cohort' by Costa et al.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Gupta, Latika", "Misra, Durga Prasanna", "Agarwal, Vishwesh", "Balan, Suma", "Agarwal, Vikas"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527864", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32282863, "pmcid": "PMC7104082", "title": "Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19.", "journal": "J Pharm Anal", "authors": ["Li, Xiaowei", "Geng, Manman", "Peng, Yizhao", "Meng, Liesu", "Lu, Shemin"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282863", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a kind of viral pneumonia which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has been marked as the third introduction of a highly pathogenic coronavirus into the human population after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in the twenty-first century. In this minireview, we provide a brief introduction of the general features of SARS-CoV-2 and discuss current knowledge of molecular immune pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 on the base of the present understanding of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV infections, which may be helpful in offering novel insights and potential therapeutic targets for combating the SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32514386, "pmcid": "PMC7267758", "title": "Translational simulation for rapid transformation of health services, using the example of the COVID-19 pandemic preparation.", "journal": "Adv Simul (Lond)", "authors": ["Brazil, Victoria", "Lowe, Belinda", "Ryan, Leanne", "Bourke, Rachel", "Scott, Clare", "Myers, Simone", "Kaneko, Hellen", "Schweitzer, Jane", "Shanahan, Brenton"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514386", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare simulation has significant potential for helping health services to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Rapid changes to care pathways and processes needed for protection of staff and patients may be facilitated by a translational simulation approach-diagnosing changes needed, developing and testing new processes and then embedding new systems and teamwork through training. However, there are also practical constraints on running in situ simulations during a pandemic-the need for physical distancing, rigorous infection control for manikins and training equipment and awareness of heightened anxiety among simulation participants. We describe our institution's simulation strategy for COVID-19 preparation and reflect on the lessons learned-for simulation programs and for health services seeking to utilise translational simulation during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. We offer practical suggestions for a translational simulation strategy and simulation delivery within pandemic constraints. We also suggest simulation programs develop robust strategies, governance and relationships for managing change within institutions-balancing clinician engagement, systems engineering expertise and the power of translational simulation for diagnosing, testing and embedding changes."}, {"pmid": 32512007, "title": "Efficacy of Almitrine in The Treatment of Hypoxemia in Sars-Cov-2 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Barthelemy, Romain", "Blot, Pierre-Louis", "Tiepolo, Ambre", "Le Gall, Arthur", "Mayeur, Claire", "Gaugain, Samuel", "Morisson, Louis", "Gayat, Etienne", "Mebazaa, Alexandre", "Chousterman, Benjamin Glenn"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32512007", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32361715, "title": "Clinical trials and the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Hell J Nucl Med", "authors": ["Retsas, Spyros"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361715", "countries": ["United States", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\"...but why think? Why not try the experiment?...\" John Hunter (1728-1793), in a letter to Edward Jenner. August 2nd, 1775. When Galen of Pergamum (2nd c. A.D.), physician, philosopher and experimentalist, sought to ascertain the therapeutic properties of Theriac, an antidote of repute against poisons, he resorted to an experiment. Theriac or Theriaca was a compound drug, containing in some versions used in antiquity numerous components; Galen's own composition included over 70 ingredients! One of its uses was as an antidote against snakebites, a frequent peril for the Roman armies marching on in sandals. Galen spent most of his life in Rome and was elevated to Imperial Physician at the court of Marcus Aurelius, who apparently took daily doses of Theriac, which among other components included opium. Describing the experiment to his friend Pison, Galen wrote, \"as I could not possibly conduct a trial on humans, I experimented on roosters\" For his experiment, Galen, studied two groups of roosters, but he doesn't tell us how many animals he included in each category. Both groups were exposed to poisonous snakebites. All roosters who were fed with theriac prior to exposure to viper bites survived, whereas in the second group that had not received prophylactic Theriac, all roosters died. Not only is Galen's methodology remarkable, preceding the modern randomised trial by eighteen centuries, but more importantly, it is notable for his ethical stance at a time when sensitivities about human rights, prevalent in our times, were largely absent in societies of widespread slavery. For example, Mithridates VI (132-63 BC), the King of Pontus who is credited with the first use of Theriac, tested its efficacy on criminals and slaves. For his experiment Galen used the random allocation of treatment, today's prospective randomised clinical trial, implemented in the evaluation of novel therapies, widely used internationally, particularly in cancer research! This experimental method used for ascertaining the efficacy of new drugs became established after the second half of the 20th century and is now firmly entrenched as a research tool. On the other hand, the retrieval of information from observational studies or non-randomised series is considered scientifically inferior and is often dismissed or ignored as irrelevant or anecdotal. Such is the compulsion for the randomised study that in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, respected physicians and scientists appeared in the media hesitant to recommend the use of protective facial masks, as there was no evidence of benefit for their use from prospective randomised studies in the general population! Logic had no place in the argument! COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 new corona virus, brought to the fore the randomised trial, as well as, the ethical dilemmas that surround the allocation of treatment at random, in the face of a devastating pandemic. Anthony Fauci, distinguished infectious diseases expert and an adviser to the President of the USA, at a recent briefing from the Situation Room of the White House, endorsed categorically and unreservedly the randomised trial for the evaluation of drugs potentially effective against SARS-CoV-2, in patients afflicted with COVID-19. A few days later on April 8th, 2020, Professor Sotiris Tsiodras, scientific advisor to the Greek Government for COVID-19 and an expert on infectious diseases, when asked by a journalist about chloroquine, he responded, \"Antony Fauci is correct. Nevertheless, we give the drug to everyone, that is, not half of the patients will receive it, and the other half will not\". If we accept that the randomised trial represents the unique, impregnable method of evaluating new treatments-several clinicians dispute this dogma. -the question arises how will treatments be allocated to patients? According to the Declaration of Helsinki participation of a subject in a clinical trial requires their explicit written consent. Will, a potentially hypoxic patient rapidly deteriorating, be able to understand what is being asked of them, and will that patient be in a position to provide consent? And if that patient refuses to be randomised, what are the options? Is it his/her right to request the active treatment that a fellow patient is receiving in the next bed? Although the Declaration of Helsinki allows the option of no treatment or even placebo, where no known treatment is available for a certain condition, such as COVID-19, it also emphasizes that \"while the primary purpose of medical research is to generate new knowledge, this goal can never take precedence over the rights and interests of individual research subjects\". Consider now the physicians and nurses on the first line of the battle against the pandemic; to the enormous pressures and risks that they experience daily, they may have to endure the added psychological burden of the randomised trial, knowing that half of their patients are receiving the promising drug, whilst the other half are denied the chance of potential benefit. When during the Medical Research Council's randomized trial of streptomycin, one senior physician contracted tuberculosis, the Medical Research Council obtained supplies for him outside the trial. In this brief instance of medical history, the equipoise, the scientific imperative, all arguments and other justifications for providing treatment at random, were thrown out of the window in favour of the human factor! Why is randomization necessary? Because-it is presumed-the process of randomising subjects, protects the study from the selective inclusion of patients with favourable characteristics, thus inadvertently allowing or facilitating a falsely favourable result for the drug or treatment under investigation. However, the process of randomising patients does not necessarily result in the randomisation of the characteristics of their disease. Exactly because of this, at the end of a randomised study, even if the prognostic variables are evenly represented and balanced in the strata, further confirmation of the result is sought with a statistical multifactorial analysis. Such multifactorial analyses can also be applied to a non-randomised group of patients engaged in the trial of a new drug. Since the middle of the 20th century a generation of physicians have been trained to dismiss, or are incapable of evaluating the validity of a treatment beyond the established etiquette of the randomised study. This, some have argued, constitutes intellectual indolence, it is not scientific robustness. Pandits foresee that the world will be different after the end of this pandemic. Perhaps human ingenuity will seek new investigative methods that will render the randomised clinical trial obsolete, both, on methodological and ethical grounds. Until then and even if we have to accept the scientific supremacy of the randomised study in the evaluation of novel therapies, the ethical considerations in the unprecedented circumstances of a relentless pandemic demand a more humane approach, befitting the beneficent precepts of the Hippocratic tradition."}, {"pmid": 32195698, "pmcid": "PMC7155909", "title": "COVID-19 Infection: Implications for Perioperative and Critical Care Physicians.", "journal": "Anesthesiology", "authors": ["Greenland, John R", "Michelow, Marilyn D", "Wang, Linlin", "London, Martin J"], "date": "2020-03-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32195698", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Healthcare systems worldwide are responding to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), an emerging infectious syndrome caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Patients with COVID-19 can progress from asymptomatic or mild illness to hypoxemic respiratory failure or multisystem organ failure, necessitating intubation and intensive care management. Healthcare providers, and particularly anesthesiologists, are at the frontline of this epidemic, and they need to be aware of the best available evidence to guide therapeutic management of patients with COVID-19 and to keep themselves safe while doing so. Here, the authors review COVID-19 pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, and potential therapeutics, with a focus on management of COVID-19-associated respiratory failure. The authors draw on literature from other viral epidemics, treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and recent publications on COVID-19, as well as guidelines from major health organizations. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the evidence currently available to guide management of critically ill patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32437576, "pmcid": "PMC7243090", "title": "Prevalence and Clinical Presentation of Health Care Workers With Symptoms of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in 2 Dutch Hospitals During an Early Phase of the Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA Netw Open", "authors": ["Kluytmans-van den Bergh, Marjolein F Q", "Buiting, Anton G M", "Pas, Suzan D", "Bentvelsen, Robbert G", "van den Bijllaardt, Wouter", "van Oudheusden, Anne J G", "van Rijen, Miranda M L", "Verweij, Jaco J", "Koopmans, Marion P G", "Kluytmans, Jan A J W"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437576", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Netherlands"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On February 27, 2020, the first patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in the Netherlands. During the following weeks, at 2 Dutch teaching hospitals, 9 health care workers (HCWs) received a diagnosis of COVID-19, 8 of whom had no history of travel to China or northern Italy, raising the question of whether undetected community circulation was occurring. To determine the prevalence and clinical presentation of COVID-19 among HCWs with self-reported fever or respiratory symptoms. This cross-sectional study was performed in 2 teaching hospitals in the southern part of the Netherlands in March 2020, during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health care workers employed in the participating hospitals who experienced fever or respiratory symptoms were asked to voluntarily participate in a screening for infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Data analysis was performed in March 2020. The prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was determined by semiquantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction on oropharyngeal samples. Structured interviews were conducted to document symptoms for all HCWs with confirmed COVID-19. Of 9705 HCWs employed (1722 male [18%]), 1353 (14%) reported fever or respiratory symptoms and were tested. Of those, 86 HCWs (6%) were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (median age, 49 years [range, 22-66 years]; 15 [17%] male), representing 1% of all HCWs employed. Most HCWs experienced mild disease, and only 46 (53%) reported fever. Eighty HCWs (93%) met a case definition of fever and/or coughing and/or shortness of breath. Only 3 (3%) of the HCWs identified through the screening had a history of travel to China or northern Italy, and 3 (3%) reported having been exposed to an inpatient with a known diagnosis of COVID-19 before the onset of symptoms. Within 2 weeks after the first Dutch case was detected, a substantial proportion of HCWs with self-reported fever or respiratory symptoms were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, likely as a result of acquisition of the virus in the community during the early phase of local spread. The high prevalence of mild clinical presentations, frequently not including fever, suggests that the currently recommended case definition for suspected COVID-19 should be used less stringently."}, {"pmid": 32494291, "pmcid": "PMC7238693", "title": "COVID-19: fear, explanation, action, unity and ingenuity and World Hand Hygiene Day.", "journal": "J Infect Prev", "authors": ["Loveday, Heather", "Wilson, Jennie"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494291", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285310, "pmcid": "PMC7153777", "title": "Milan 2020: COVID-19, neuro-oncology and much more.", "journal": "J Neurooncol", "authors": ["Finocchiaro, Gaetano"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285310", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343608, "title": "Reply to \"Radiologic Findings of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Clinical Correlation Is Recommended\".", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Zhao, Wei", "Xie, Xingzhi", "Liu, Jun"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343608", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32505599, "title": "CT Manifestations and Clinical Characteristics of 1115 Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.", "journal": "Acad Radiol", "authors": ["Wan, Shang", "Li, Mingqi", "Ye, Zheng", "Yang, Caiwei", "Cai, Qian", "Duan, Shaofeng", "Song, Bin"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505599", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We aimed to assess the prevalence of significant computed tomographic(CT) manifestations and describe some notable features based on chest CT images, as well as the main clinical features of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19). A systematic literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was performed to identify studies assessing CT features, clinical, and laboratory results of COVID-19 patients. A single-arm meta-analysis was conducted to obtain the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). A total of 14 articles (including 1115 patients) based on chest CT images were retrieved. In the lesion patterns on chest CTs, we found that pure ground-glass opacities (GGO) (69%, 95% CI 58-80%), consolidation (47%, 35-60%) and \"air bronchogram sign\" (46%, 25-66%) were more common than the atypical lesion of \"crazy-paving pattern\" (15%, 8-22%). With regard to disease extent and involvement, 70% (95% CI 46-95%) of cases showed a location preference for the right lower lobe, 65% (58-73%) of patients presented with \u22653 lobes involvement, and meanwhile, 42% (32-53%) of patients had involvement of all five lobes, while 67% (55-78%) of patients showed a predominant peripheral distribution. An understanding of some important CT features might be helpful for medical surveillance and management. In terms of clinical features, muscle soreness (21%, 95% CI 15-26%) and diarrhea (7%, 4-10%) were minor symptoms compared to fever (80%, 74-87%) and cough (53%, 33-72%). Chest CT manifestations in patients with COVID-19, as well as its main clinical characteristics, might be helpful in disease evolution and management."}, {"pmid": 32468851, "pmcid": "PMC7265683", "title": "Facing SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in immunotherapy era.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Citarella, Fabrizio", "Russano, Marco", "Pantano, Francesco", "Dell'Aquila, Emanuela", "Vincenzi, Bruno", "Tonini, Giuseppe", "Santini, Daniele"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468851", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread represents a sanitary emergency all over the world. Viral biology is only partially known with some aspects in common with other CoV and the damage observed in most severe cases is due to intense inflammation. Immunotherapy restores immunological activity against cancer cells and it has become a standard treatment for several cancers. We carried out an examination of available data concerning with the effects exerted by both SARS-CoV-2 and the most widespread immunotherapy treatments on the immune system in order to hypothesize mechanisms underlying potential and mutual interaction. We provided an analysis of laboratory, clinical and therapeutic data related with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. We finally focused on implications of immunotherapy treatments in clinical practice."}, {"pmid": 32217986, "pmcid": "PMC7199770", "title": "2019 novel coronavirus and awareness.", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Joob, Beuy", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-03-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32217986", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32501789, "title": "Psoriasis-COVID 19 Infection: Treatment Options.", "journal": "Skinmed", "authors": ["Tampouratzi, Eleftheria", "Kanni, Theodora", "Katsantonis, John", "Douvali, Theodora"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501789", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32285920, "pmcid": "PMC7184360", "title": "Transient complete heart block in a patient with critical COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J", "authors": ["Azarkish, Mona", "Laleh Far, Vahideh", "Eslami, Masoud", "Mollazadeh, Reza"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285920", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339975, "pmcid": "PMC7170798", "title": "Safe bronchodilator treatment in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients: A single center experience.", "journal": "J Crit Care", "authors": ["Miller, Asaf", "Epstein, Danny"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339975", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440978, "pmcid": "PMC7240164", "title": "Telemedicine and technological devices for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["De Marchi, Fabiola", "Cantello, Roberto", "Ambrosini, Serena", "Mazzini, Letizia"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440978", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356908, "pmcid": "PMC7267673", "title": "Mathematical modeling of interaction between innate and adaptive immune responses in COVID-19 and implications for viral pathogenesis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Du, Sean Quan", "Yuan, Weiming"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356908", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We have applied mathematical modeling to investigate the infections of the ongoing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. We first validated our model using the well-studied influenza viruses and then compared the pathogenesis processes between the two viruses. The interaction between host innate and adaptive immune responses was found to be a potential cause for the higher severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Specifically, the timing mismatch between the two immune responses has a major impact on disease progression. The adaptive immune response of the COVID-19 patients is more likely to come before the peak of viral load, while the opposite is true for influenza patients. This difference in timing causes delayed depletion of vulnerable epithelial cells in the lungs in COVID-19 patients while enhancing viral clearance in influenza patients. Stronger adaptive immunity in COVID-19 patients can potentially lead to longer recovery time and more severe secondary complications. Based on our analysis, delaying the onset of adaptive immune responses during the early phase of infections may be a potential treatment option for high-risk COVID-19 patients. Suppressing the adaptive immune response temporarily and avoiding its interference with the innate immune response may allow the innate immunity to more efficiently clear the virus."}, {"pmid": 32340541, "title": "Laryngeal Evaluation during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Transcervical Laryngeal Ultrasonography.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Noel, Julia E", "Orloff, Lisa A", "Sung, Kwang"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340541", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has quickly become a global pandemic since its initial outbreak in China in late 2019. Institutions are faced with the challenge of upholding the standard of care while maintaining safety for health care personnel and patients. Due to the common performance of aerosol-generating endoscopic procedures in the upper respiratory tract, otolaryngologists are at uniquely high risk for potential infection. When possible, alternative diagnostic and treatment strategies should be pursued. For patients suspected of having functional laryngeal abnormalities, transcervical laryngeal ultrasound provides a rapid and noninvasive evaluation of vocal fold motion to inform decisions about safety of feeding, airway, and progression of care."}, {"pmid": 32371086, "pmcid": "PMC7196389", "title": "The pros and cons of traditional Chinese medicines in the treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["Wang, Yali", "Zeng, Xian", "Zhao, Yufen", "Chen, Weiping", "Chen, Yu Zong"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32371086", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395096, "pmcid": "PMC7213549", "title": "Psychometric Validation of the Bangla Fear of COVID-19 Scale: Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Rasch Analysis.", "journal": "Int J Ment Health Addict", "authors": ["Sakib, Najmuj", "Bhuiyan, A K M Israfil", "Hossain, Sahadat", "Al Mamun, Firoj", "Hosen, Ismail", "Abdullah, Abu Hasnat", "Sarker, Md Abedin", "Mohiuddin, Mohammad Sarif", "Rayhan, Istihak", "Hossain, Moazzem", "Sikder, Md Tajuddin", "Gozal, David", "Muhit, Mohammad", "Islam, S M Shariful", "Griffiths, Mark D", "Pakpour, Amir H", "Mamun, Mohammed A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395096", "countries": ["Bangladesh"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recently developed Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a seven-item uni-dimensional scale that assesses the severity of fears of COVID-19. Given the rapid increase of COVID-19 cases in Bangladesh, we aimed to translate and validate the FCV-19S in Bangla. The forward-backward translation method was used to translate the English version of the questionnaire into Bangla. The reliability and validity properties of the Bangla FCV-19S were rigorously psychometrically evaluated (utilizing both confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis) in relation to socio-demographic variables, national lockdown variables, and response to the Bangla Health Patient Questionnaire. The sample comprised 8550 Bangladeshi participants. The Cronbach \u03b1 value for the Bangla FCV-19S was 0.871 indicating very good internal reliability. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the uni-dimensional factor structure of the FCV-19S fitted well with the data. The FCV-19S was significantly correlated with the nine-item Bangla Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-90) (r\u2009=\u20090.406, p\u2009<\u20090.001). FCV-19S scores were significantly associated with higher worries concerning lockdown. Measurement invariance of the FCV-19S showed no differences with respect to age or gender. The Bangla version of FCV-19S is a valid and reliable tool with robust psychometric properties which will be useful for researchers carrying out studies among the Bangla speaking population in assessing the psychological impact of fear from COVID-19 infection during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32366584, "title": "A first estimation of the impact of public health actions against COVID-19 in Veneto (Italy).", "journal": "J Epidemiol Community Health", "authors": ["Gregori, Dario", "Azzolina, Danila", "Lanera, Corrado", "Prosepe, Ilaria", "Destro, Nicolas", "Lorenzoni, Giulia", "Berchialla, Paola"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366584", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Veneto is one of the first Italian regions where the COVID-19 outbreak started spreading. Containment measures were approved soon thereafter. The present study aims at providing a first look at the impact of the containment measures on the outbreak progression in the Veneto region, Italy. A Bayesian changepoint analysis was used to identify the changing speed of the epidemic curve. Then, a piecewise polynomial model was considered to fit the data in the first period before the detected changepoint. In this time interval, that is, the weeks from 27 February to 12 March, a quadratic growth was identified by a generalised additive model (GAM). Finally, the model was used to generate the projection of the expected number of hospitalisations at 2 weeks based on the epidemic speed before the changepoint. Such estimates were then compared with the actual outbreak behaviour. The comparison between the observed and predicted hospitalisation curves highlights a slowdown on the total COVID-19 hospitalisations after the onset of containment measures. The estimated daily slowdown effect of the epidemic growth is estimated as 78 hospitalisations per day as of 27 March (95% CI 75 to 81). The containment strategies seem to have positively impacted the progression of the COVID-19 epidemic outbreak in Veneto."}, {"pmid": 32343122, "pmcid": "PMC7192204", "title": "Updates on What ACS Reported: Emerging Evidences of COVID-19 with Nervous System Involvement.", "journal": "ACS Chem Neurosci", "authors": ["Baig, Abdul Mannan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343122", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), our knowledge of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is still in its infancy. Almost every aspect of the pathogen remains largely unknown, ranging from mechanisms involved in infection transmission, interplay with the human immune system, and covert mechanisms of end-organ damage. COVID-19 has manifested itself worldwide with a syndromic appearance that is dominated by respiratory dysregulations. While clinicians are focused on correcting respiratory homeostasis, echoing the original SARS, SARS-CoV-2 is also invading other end-organs, which may not exhibit overt clinical features. Nervous system involvement was not initially considered to play a significant role in patients with COVID-19. However, since this viewpoint was initially published, multiple studies have been released regarding the possible neurovirulence of SARS-CoV-2. In our previous viewpoint, we implored our colleagues to recognize the covert tactics of SARS-CoV-2 and emphasized that symptoms like anosmia, dysgeusia, ataxia, and altered mental status could be early signs of the neurotropic potential of this virus. The past few weeks, after the viewpoint surfaced, it was noticed that it has enabled clinicians and healthcare professionals to compute the neurovirulence associated with SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 patients, as evidenced by very recently reported studies."}, {"pmid": 32355863, "pmcid": "PMC7183451", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 in the ocular surface of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Eye Vis (Lond)", "authors": ["Xie, Hua-Tao", "Jiang, Shi-Yun", "Xu, Kang-Kang", "Liu, Xin", "Xu, Bing", "Wang, Lin", "Zhang, Ming-Chang"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355863", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally, while the routes of transmission of this virus are still controversial. We enrolled 33 patients, without any ocular manifestation, with their ocular surface swabs collected for virus detection. RNA was detected strong positive in samples of both eyes from two patients. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 may exist in the normal ocular surface of COVID-19 patients, suggesting that this virus might be spread through conjunctival contact."}, {"pmid": 32334882, "pmcid": "PMC7151323", "title": "A Protection Tent for Airway Management in Patients With COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Ann Emerg Med", "authors": ["Fang, Pin-Hui", "Lin, Yu-Yuan", "Lin, Chih-Hao"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353549, "pmcid": "PMC7185021", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Qiancheng, Xu", "Jian, Shen", "Lingling, Pan", "Lei, Huang", "Xiaogan, Jiang", "Weihua, Lu", "Gang, Yang", "Shirong, Li", "Zhen, Wang", "GuoPing, Xiong", "Lei, Zha"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353549", "topics": ["Transmission", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to compare clinical courses and outcomes between pregnant and reproductive-aged non-pregnant women with COVID-19, and to assess the vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 in pregnancy. Medical records of pregnant and reproductive-aged non-pregnant women hospitalized with COVID-19 from January 15 to March 15, 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The severity of disease, virus clearance time, and length of hospital stay were measured as the primary objective, while the vertical transmission potential of COVID-19 was also assessed. Eighty-two patients (28 pregnant women, 54 reproductive-aged non-pregnant women) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled in this study. Univariate regression indicated no association between pregnancy and severity of disease (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.08-5.15; p=0.76), virus clearance time (HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.65-2.01; p=0.62), and length of hospital stay (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.66-1.84; p=0.71). Of the pregnant women, 22 delivered 23 live births, either by cesarean section (17, 60.7%) or vaginal delivery (5, 17.9%), and no neonate was infected with SARS-CoV-2. Pregnant women have comparable clinical courses and outcomes with reproductive-aged non-pregnant women when infected with SARS-CoV-2. No evidence supported vertical transmission of COVID-19 in the late stage of pregnancy, including vaginal delivery."}, {"pmid": 32226695, "pmcid": "PMC7096066", "title": "Acetazolamide, Nifedipine and Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: Rationale for Their Utilization as Adjunctive Countermeasures in the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Solaimanzadeh, Isaac"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32226695", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Effective treatments for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)\u00a0outbreak are urgently needed. While anti-viral approaches and\u00a0vaccines are being considered\u00a0immediate countermeasures are unavailable. The aim of this article is to outline a perspective on the pathophysiology of COVID-19 in the context of the currently available clinical data published in the literature. This article appreciates clinical data\u00a0published on COVID-19 in the context of another respiratory illness - high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). Both conditions have significant similarities that portend pathophysiologic trajectories.\u00a0Following this\u00a0potential treatment options\u00a0emerge. Both COVID-19 and HAPE\u00a0exhibit a decreased ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen\u00a0with concomitant hypoxia and tachypnea. There also appears to be a tendency for low carbon dioxide levels in both as well. Radiologic findings\u00a0of ground glass opacities are present in up to 86% of patients with COVID-19 in addition to patchy infiltrates. Patients with HAPE also exhibit patchy infiltrates throughout the pulmonary fields, often in an asymmetric pattern\u00a0and CT findings reveal increased lung markings and ground glass-like changes as well. Widespread ground-glass opacities are most commonly a manifestation of hydrostatic pulmonary edema. Similarly, elevated fibrinogen levels in both conditions are likely an\u00a0epiphenomenon of edema formation\u00a0rather than coagulation activation. Autopsy results of a COVID-19 fatality revealed bilateral diffuse alveolar damage associated with pulmonary edema, pro-inflammatory concentrates, and indications of early-phase acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). HAPE itself is initially caused by an increase in pulmonary capillary pressure\u00a0and induces altered alveolar-capillary permeability via high pulmonary artery hydrostatic pressures that lead to a protein-rich and mildly hemorrhagic edema. It appears that COVID-19\u00a0and HAPE\u00a0both discretely converge on ARDS. In light of this, a countermeasure that has been shown to be effective in the analogous condition of HAPE is Acetazolamide. Acetazolamide has a myriad of effects on different organ systems, potently reduces hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, improves minute ventilation and expired vital capacity.\u00a0Other therapeutics to consider that are also directed towards decreased pulmonary pressure include Nifedipine and Phosphodiesterase inhibitors. This review describes COVID-19 in parallel to HAPE. Deranged respiratory parameters that are present in both conditions are highlighted. The utilization of medications found to be effective in HAPE, for the treatment of COVID-19, is proposed. Given the medical emergency of a growing contagion and the thousands of lives at stake, expedient attempts to improve survival are needed. Acetazolamide, Nifedipine and Phosphodiesterase inhibitors\u00a0may be potential\u00a0countermeasures."}, {"pmid": 32221153, "pmcid": "PMC7176267", "title": "The looming pandemic of COVID-19: What therapeutic options do we have now?", "journal": "J Chin Med Assoc", "authors": ["Afsar, Nasir Ali"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221153", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478713, "title": "US Physicians Trained in Cuba Battle COVID-19 at Home:A Personal Account from the New York City Epicenter.", "journal": "MEDICC Rev", "authors": ["Reed, Gail"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478713", "countries": ["United States", "Cuba"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Speaking remotely with US graduates of Havana's Latin American School of Medicine (ELAM), I found them at work on hospital floors, in ICUs and health centers across the United States, putting their professional and personal commitment to the test against COVID-19. Nowhere was that more evident than in New York City, the disease's epicenter, where one grad told me virtually every hospital has at least one MD from the Cuban school, which has provided free 6-year medical training for some 30,000 doctors since the school's founding in 1999. The student body comes primarily from low- and middle-income countries worldwide, but Cuba also provided 200 US students with scholarships. One of them is Dr Joaqu\u00edn Morante (ELAM Class of 2012), who did his medical residency in internal medicine, followed by fellowships in pulmonary disease and critical care medicine. Triple-licensed in internal medicine, pulmonary and critical care medicine, he is now an attending physician on staff at Jacobi Medical Center in The Bronx, one of New York City's public hospitals, and considered a 'hot spot' due to its COVID-19 caseload. I spoke with him during a break at home in mid-April.Dr Joaqu\u00edn Morante, ELAM Class of 2012: Pulmonologist, critical care attending physician at Jacobi Medical Center, New York City."}, {"pmid": 32492607, "pmcid": "PMC7258804", "title": "Temperature and precipitation associate with Covid-19 new daily cases: A correlation study between weather and Covid-19 pandemic in Oslo, Norway.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Menebo, Mesay Moges"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492607", "countries": ["Norway"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to analyze the correlation between weather and covid-19 pandemic in the capital city of Norway, Oslo. This study employed a secondary data analysis of covid-19 surveillance data from the Norwegian public health institute and weather data from the Norwegian Meteorological institute. The components of weather include minimum temperature (\u00b0C), maximum temperature (\u00b0C), temperature average (\u00b0C), normal temperature (\u00b0C), precipitation level (mm) and wind speed (m/s). Since normality was not fulfilled, a non-parametric correlation test was used for data analysis. Maximum temperature (r\u00a0=\u00a00.347; p\u00a0=\u00a0.005), normal temperature(r\u00a0=\u00a00.293; p\u00a0=\u00a0.019), and precipitation level (r\u00a0=\u00a0-0.285; p\u00a0=\u00a0.022) were significantly correlated with covid-19 pandemic. The finding might serve as an input to a strategy making in the prevention of covid-19 as the country prepare to enter into a new weather season."}, {"pmid": 32269939, "pmcid": "PMC7136726", "title": "CT imaging of one extended family cluster of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) including adolescent patients and \"silent infection\".", "journal": "Quant Imaging Med Surg", "authors": ["Xu, Rui", "Du, Mingshan", "Li, Linfeng", "Zhen, Zhiming", "Wang, Huiyou", "Hu, Xiaofei"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32269939", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32406739, "title": "Examining the impact of COVID-19 on stress and coping strategies in individuals with disabilities and chronic conditions.", "journal": "Rehabil Psychol", "authors": ["Umucu, Emre", "Lee, Beatrice"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32406739", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to describe the perceived stress levels and coping mechanisms related to COVID-19, and whether coping is related to well-being in people with self-reported chronic conditions and disabilities. Research Method/Design: A cross-sectional survey design was implemented. The total number of participants were 269 individuals with self-reported disabilities and chronic conditions (Mage = 39.37, SDage = 12.18). We examined the relationship between perceived stress and coping strategies related to COVID-19, and which COVID-19 coping strategies were associated with well-being after controlling for demographic and psychological characteristics. Correlation analyses demonstrated that perceived stress related to COVID-19 was positively associated with coping strategies including self-distraction, denial, substance use, behavioral disengagement, venting, planning, religion, and self-blame. Further, hierarchical regression results demonstrated that active coping, denial, use of emotional support, humor, religion, and self-blame were associated with participants' well-being after controlling for demographic and psychological characteristics. This exploratory study findings suggest that measuring and quantifying COVID-19 related stress and coping strategies in individuals with chronic conditions and disabilities can help clinicians and researchers understand potential effects of COVID-19 among people with chronic conditions and disabilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32171191, "title": "[Genomic analysis of a 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) strain in the first COVID-19 patient found in Hangzhou].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yu, H", "Wang, X C", "Li, J", "Qian, X", "Yu, X F", "Sun, Z", "Chen, J F", "Kao, Q J", "Wang, H Q", "Pan, J C"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171191", "countries": ["China", "Finland", "United States", "Japan"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Objective: To understand the viral genomic characteristics of a 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) strain in the first COVID-19 patient found in Hangzhou, China. Methods: Viral RNA was extracted in throat swab and sputum sample of the patient and was performed real-time reverse transcription PCR detection and obtained viral genome by high-throughput sequencing method. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using 29 2019-nCoV genomes and 30 \u03b2-coronavirus genomes deposited in NCBI GenBank. Fifteen genomes from Wuhan were grouped by mutation sites and others were identified by Wuhan's or specific mutation sites. Results: A 29 833 bp length genome of the first 2019-nCoV strain in Hangzhou was obtained, covering full length of the coding regions of coronavirus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the genome was closest to the genome of a bat SARS-like coronavirus strain RaTG13 with an identity of 96.11% (28 666/29 826). Among the genes between two genomes, E genes were highly conserved (99.56%), while S genes had lowest identity (92.87%). The genome sequence similarities among 29 strains from China (Hangzhou, Wuhan, and Shenzhen), Japan, USA, and Finland, were all more than 99.9%; however, some single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in some strains. Conclusion: The genome of Hangzhou 2019-nCoV strain was very close to the genomes of strains from other cities in China and overseas collected at early epidemic phase. The 2019-nCoV genome sequencing method used in this paper provides an useful tool for monitoring variation of viral genes."}, {"pmid": 32248855, "pmcid": "PMC7163189", "title": "Core principles for infection prevention in hemodialysis centers during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Chen, Gang", "Zhou, Yangzhong", "Zhang, Lei", "Wang, Ying", "Hu, Rong-Rong", "Zhao, Xue", "Song, Dan", "Xia, Jing-Hua", "Qin, Yan", "Chen, Li-Meng", "Li, Xue-Mei"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32248855", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32098289, "pmcid": "PMC7073898", "title": "Short-term Forecasts of the COVID-19 Epidemic in Guangdong and Zhejiang, China: February 13-23, 2020.", "journal": "J Clin Med", "authors": ["Roosa, Kimberlyn", "Lee, Yiseul", "Luo, Ruiyan", "Kirpich, Alexander", "Rothenberg, Richard", "Hyman, James M", "Yan, Ping", "Chowell, Gerardo"], "date": "2020-02-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32098289", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic continues to spread within and outside of China, despite several social distancing measures implemented by the Chinese government. Limited epidemiological data are available, and recent changes in case definition and reporting further complicate our understanding of the impact of the epidemic, particularly in the epidemic's epicenter. Here we use previously validated phenomenological models to generate short-term forecasts of cumulative reported cases in Guangdong and Zhejiang, China. Using daily reported cumulative case data up until 13 February 2020 from the National Health Commission of China, we report 5- and 10-day ahead forecasts of cumulative case reports. Specifically, we generate forecasts using a generalized logistic growth model, the Richards growth model, and a sub-epidemic wave model, which have each been previously used to forecast outbreaks due to different infectious diseases. Forecasts from each of the models suggest the outbreaks may be nearing extinction in both Guangdong and Zhejiang; however, the sub-epidemic model predictions also include the potential for further sustained transmission, particularly in Zhejiang. Our 10-day forecasts across the three models predict an additional 65-81 cases (upper bounds: 169-507) in Guangdong and an additional 44-354 (upper bounds: 141-875) cases in Zhejiang by February 23, 2020. In the best-case scenario, current data suggest that transmission in both provinces is slowing down."}, {"pmid": 32488162, "title": "Safety fears over drug hyped to treat the coronavirus spark global confusion.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Ledford, Heidi"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488162", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32387330, "pmcid": "PMC7202817", "title": "Timely glucose monitoring-related potential risk of occupational exposure during the pandemic of COVID-19: A diabetologist's perspective.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Wei, Xiaowei", "Zhao, Weibo", "Wang, Aihong", "Xu, Zhangrong"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32387330", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386985, "pmcid": "PMC7252089", "title": "COVID-19 associated pulmonary thrombosis.", "journal": "Thromb Res", "authors": ["van Nieuwkoop, C"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386985", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275753, "pmcid": "PMC7184376", "title": "Plasminogen improves lung lesions and hypoxemia in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["Wu, Yuanyuan", "Wang, Ting", "Guo, Chunying", "Zhang, Dongmei", "Ge, Xiaojing", "Huang, Zhaoxing", "Zhou, Xianshan", "Li, Yinping", "Peng, Qingzhen", "Li, Jinan"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275753", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Lungs from patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have shown typical signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), formation of hyaline membrane mainly composed of fibrin, and 'ground-glass' opacity. Previously, we showed plasminogen itself is a key regulator in fibrin degradation, wound healing and infection. We aimed to investigate whether plasminogen can improve lung lesions and hypoxemia of COVID-19. Thirteen clinically moderate, severe or critical COVID-19 patients were treated with atomization inhalation of freeze-dried plasminogen. Levels of their lung lesions, oxygen saturation and heart rates were compared before and after treatment by CT scanning images and patient monitor. After plasminogen inhalation, conditions of lung lesions in 5 clinically moderate patients have quickly improved, shown as the decreased range and density of 'ground glass' opacity. Improvements of oxygen saturation were observed in 6 clinically severe patients. In the 2 patients with critical conditions, the oxygen levels have significantly increased from 79-82% to 91% just about 1\u2009hour after the first inhalation. In 8 of 13 patients the heart rates had slowed down. For the 5 clinically moderate patients, the difference is even statistically significant. Furthermore, a general relief of chest tightness was observed. Whereas it is reported that plasminogen is dramatically increased in adults with ARDS, this study suggests that additional plasminogen may be effective and efficient in treating lung lesions and hypoxemia during COVID-19 infections. Although further studies are needed, this study highlights a possible hope of efficiently combating this rapid epidemic emergency."}, {"pmid": 32491963, "title": "Six Propositions against Ageism in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Aging Soc Policy", "authors": ["Ehni, Hans-Joerg", "Wahl, Hans-Werner"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491963", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The risk of developing severe illness from COVID-19 and of dying from it increases with age. This statistical association has led to numerous highly problematic policy suggestions and comments revealing underlying ageist attitudes and promoting age discrimination. Such attitudes are based on negative stereotypes on the health and functioning of older adults. As a result, the lives of older people are disvalued, including in possible triage situations and in the potential limitation of some measures against the spread of the pandemic to older adults. These outcomes are unjustified and unethical. We develop six propositions against the ageism underlying these suggestions to spur a more adequate response to the current pandemic in which the needs and dignity of older people are respected."}, {"pmid": 32377387, "pmcid": "PMC7199186", "title": "High-flow Nasal Cannula Oxygenation Revisited in COVID-19.", "journal": "Card Fail Rev", "authors": ["Rali, Aniket S", "Nunna, Krishidhar R", "Howard, Christopher", "Herlihy, James P", "Guntupalli, Kalpalatha K"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377387", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455440, "title": "Sars-CoV-2 Induced Coagulopathy and Prognosis in Hospitalized Patients: A Snapshot from Italy.", "journal": "Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Giusti, Betti", "Gori, Anna Maria", "Alessi, Manuel", "Rogolino, Angela", "Lotti, Elena", "Poli, Daniela", "Sticchi, Elena", "Bartoloni, Alessandro", "Morettini, Alessandro", "Nozzoli, Carlo", "Peris, Adriano", "Pieralli, Filippo", "Poggesi, Loredana", "Marchionni, Niccolo", "Marcucci, Rossella"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455440", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32525005, "title": "Effective block by pirfenidone, an antifibrotic pyridone compound (5-methyl-1-phenylpyridin-2[H-1]-one), on hyperpolarization-activated cation current: An additional but distinctive target.", "journal": "Eur J Pharmacol", "authors": ["Chang, Wei-Ting", "Ragazzi, Eugenio", "Liu, Ping-Yen", "Wu, Sheng-Nan"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525005", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Pirfenidone (PFD), a pyridone compound, is well recognized as an antifibrotic agent tailored for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Recently, through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, PFD based clinical trial has also been launched for the treatment of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). To what extent this drug can perturb membrane ion currents remains largely unknown. Herein, the exposure to PFD was observed to depress the amplitude of hyperpolarization-activated cation current (Ih) in combination with a considerable slowing in the activation time of the current in pituitary GH3 cells. In the continued presence of ivabradine or zatebradine, subsequent application of PFD decreased Ih amplitude further. The presence of PFD resulted in a leftward shift in Ih activation curve without changes in the gating charge. The addition of this compound also led to a reduction in area of voltage-dependent hysteresis evoked by long-lasting inverted triangular (downsloping and upsloping) ramp pulse. Neither the amplitude of M-type nor erg-mediated K+ current was altered by its presence. In whole-cell potential recordings, addition of PFD reduced the firing frequency, and this effect was accompanied by the depression in the amplitude of sag voltage elicited by hyperpolarizing current stimulus. Overall, this study highlights evidence that PFD is capable of perturbing specific ionic currents, revealing a potential additional impact on functional activities of different excitable cells."}, {"pmid": 32476600, "title": "Contact tracing: a lesson from the Nipah virus in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Trop Doct", "authors": ["Wilson, Arun", "Warrier, Anup", "Rathish, Balram"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476600", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Without a vaccine or proven therapeutic options in COVID-19, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends a combination of measures: rapid diagnosis and immediate isolation of cases; rigorous contact tracing; and precautionary self-isolation of close contacts to curb the spread of COVID-19. During a Nipah outbreak in Kerala, India in 2019, it was confined to a single case. The authors were involved in the in-hospital contact tracing. With a single patient producing a contact list of 98 in a healthcare setting, the implications in a community setting during a pandemic of the scale of COVID-19 are huge but it proves that early and rigorous tracing with quarantining is an effective strategy to limit clusters. We believe that if the public is encouraged to maintain their own contact list on a daily basis, it would help in significantly reducing the time and effort invested into contact tracing in the event of a person contracting COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32366619, "title": "Implications for COVID-19 triage from the ICNARC report of 2204 COVID-19 cases managed in UK adult intensive care units.", "journal": "Emerg Med J", "authors": ["Shovlin, Claire L", "Vizcaychipi, Marcela P"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32366619", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32281109, "pmcid": "PMC7262331", "title": "Letter: Covid-19, and vitamin D.", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Panarese, Alba", "Shahini, Endrit"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32281109", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32492142, "title": "Utilising Point of Care Diagnostics to Minimise Nosocomial Infection in the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Pandemic.", "journal": "QJM", "authors": ["McDermott, J H", "Stoddard, D", "Ellingford, J M", "Gokhale, D", "Reynard, C", "Black, G", "Body, R", "Newman, W G"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492142", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353109, "pmcid": "PMC7197623", "title": "COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations for Safe Medication Use in Older Adults with Multimorbidity and Polypharmacy.", "journal": "J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci", "authors": ["Ailabouni, Nagham J", "Hilmer, Sarah N", "Kalisch, Lisa", "Braund, Rhiannon", "Reeve, Emily"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353109", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32438446, "title": "Prioritisation of Anti-SARS-Cov-2 Drug Repurposing Opportunities Based on Plasma and Target Site Concentrations Derived from their Established Human Pharmacokinetics.", "journal": "Clin Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Arshad, Usman", "Pertinez, Henry", "Box, Helen", "Tatham, Lee", "Rajoli, Rajith Kr", "Curley, Paul", "Neary, Megan", "Sharp, Joanne", "Liptrott, Neill J", "Valentijn, Anthony", "David, Christopher", "Rannard, Steve P", "O'Neill, Paul M", "Aljayyoussi, Ghaith", "Pennington, Shaun", "Ward, Stephen A", "Hill, Andrew", "Back, David J", "Khoo, Saye H", "Bray, Patrick G", "Biagini, Giancarlo A", "Owen, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32438446", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a rapidly expanding literature on the in vitro antiviral activity of drugs that may be repurposed for therapy or chemoprophylaxis against severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, this has not been accompanied by a comprehensive evaluation of the target plasma and lung concentrations of these drugs following approved dosing in humans. Accordingly, concentration 90% (EC90 ) values recalculated from in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity data was expressed as a ratio to the achievable maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) at an approved dose in humans (Cmax /EC90 ratio). Only 14 of the 56 analyzed drugs achieved a Cmax /EC90 ratio above 1. A more in-depth assessment demonstrated that only nitazoxanide, nelfinavir, tipranavir (ritonavir-boosted), and sulfadoxine achieved plasma concentrations above their reported anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity across their entire approved dosing interval. An unbound lung to plasma tissue partition coefficient (Kp Ulung ) was also simulated to derive a lung Cmax /half-maximal effective concentration (EC50 ) as a better indicator of potential human efficacy. Hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, mefloquine, atazanavir (ritonavir-boosted), tipranavir (ritonavir-boosted), ivermectin, azithromycin, and lopinavir (ritonavir-boosted) were all predicted to achieve lung concentrations over 10-fold higher than their reported EC50 . Nitazoxanide and sulfadoxine also exceeded their reported EC50 by 7.8-fold and 1.5-fold in lung, respectively. This analysis may be used to select potential candidates for further clinical testing, while deprioritizing compounds unlikely to attain target concentrations for antiviral activity. Future studies should focus on EC90 values and discuss findings in the context of achievable exposures in humans, especially within target compartments, such as the lungs, in order to maximize the potential for success of proposed human clinical trials."}, {"pmid": 32156677, "title": "Covid-19: UK trade talks with EU must not hinder cooperation in tackling threat, BMA warns.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-03-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32156677", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32287140, "pmcid": "PMC7172492", "title": "Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Digestive Symptoms in Hubei, China: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional, Multicenter Study.", "journal": "Am J Gastroenterol", "authors": ["Pan, Lei", "Mu, Mi", "Yang, Pengcheng", "Sun, Yu", "Wang, Runsheng", "Yan, Junhong", "Li, Pibao", "Hu, Baoguang", "Wang, Jing", "Hu, Chao", "Jin, Yuan", "Niu, Xun", "Ping, Rongyu", "Du, Yingzhen", "Li, Tianzhi", "Xu, Guogang", "Hu, Qinyong", "Tu, Lei"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287140", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019, various digestive symptoms have been frequently reported in patients infected with the virus. In this study, we aimed to further investigate the prevalence and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with digestive symptoms. In this descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter study, we enrolled confirmed patients with COVID-19 who presented to 3 hospitals from January 18, 2020, to February 28, 2020. All patients were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and were analyzed for clinical characteristics, laboratory data, and treatment. Data were followed up until March 18, 2020. In the present study, 204 patients with COVID-19 and full laboratory, imaging, and historical data were analyzed. The average age was 52.9 years (SD \u00b1 16), including 107 men and 97 women. Although most patients presented to the hospital with fever or respiratory symptoms, we found that 103 patients (50.5%) reported a digestive symptom, including lack of appetite (81 [78.6%] cases), diarrhea (35 [34%] cases), vomiting (4 [3.9%] cases), and abdominal pain (2 [1.9%] cases). If lack of appetite is excluded from the analysis (because it is less specific for the gastrointestinal tract), there were 38 total cases (18.6%) where patients presented with a gastrointestinal-specific symptom, including diarrhea, vomiting, or abdominal pain. Patients with digestive symptoms had a significantly longer time from onset to admission than patients without digestive symptoms (9.0 days vs 7.3 days). In 6 cases, there were digestive symptoms, but no respiratory symptoms. As the severity of the disease increased, digestive symptoms became more pronounced. Patients with digestive symptoms had higher mean liver enzyme levels, lower monocyte count, longer prothrombin time, and received more antimicrobial treatment than those without digestive symptoms. We found that digestive symptoms are common in patients with COVID-19. Moreover, these patients have a longer time from onset to admission, evidence of longer coagulation, and higher liver enzyme levels. Clinicians should recognize that digestive symptoms, such as diarrhea, are commonly among the presenting features of COVID-19 and that the index of suspicion may need to be raised earlier in at-risk patients presenting with digestive symptoms. However, further large sample studies are needed to confirm these findings."}, {"pmid": 32493174, "title": "Peer teaching medical students during a pandemic.", "journal": "Med Educ Online", "authors": ["Roberts, Victoria", "Malone, Katie", "Moore, Paul", "Russell-Webster, Tamarind", "Caulfield, Rachel"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493174", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our personal views about the challenges of continuing to deliver peer teaching during a pandemic. We are a group of 4th year medical students who are part of a student society which has delivered structured, highly formulaic peer-led teaching sessions for the past three years. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the reduced access to our normal clinical teaching highlighted the importance of peer-led teaching sessions. We wanted to continue with our peer-taught sessions but knew we would have to devise a new format to make our teaching accessible to our peers wherever they were. Here, we describe the challenges of online peer teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic and our reflections of the future implications to our group."}, {"pmid": 32460683, "title": "Rapid Conversion of an Outpatient Psychiatric Clinic to a 100% Virtual Telepsychiatry Clinic in Response to COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatr Serv", "authors": ["Yellowlees, Peter", "Nakagawa, Keisuke", "Pakyurek, Murat", "Hanson, Angel", "Elder, Jerry", "Kales, Helen C"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460683", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In anticipation of a surge of COVID-19 cases in Northern California, the outpatient psychiatric clinic at UC Davis Health, in which 98% of visits initially occurred in person, was converted to a telepsychiatry clinic, with all visits changed to virtual appointments within 3 business days. The clinic had 73 virtual appointments on its first day after full conversion. This column describes the process, challenges, and lessons learned from this rapid conversion. Patients were generally grateful, providers learned rapidly how to work from home, and the clinic remained financially viable with no immediate losses."}, {"pmid": 32418288, "title": "Steroid-Responsive Encephalitis in Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Ann Neurol", "authors": ["Pilotto, Andrea", "Odolini, Silvia", "Masciocchi, Stefano", "Comelli, Agnese", "Volonghi, Irene", "Gazzina, Stefano", "Nocivelli, Sara", "Pezzini, Alessandro", "Foca, Emanuele", "Caruso, Arnaldo", "Leonardi, Matilde", "Pasolini, Maria P", "Gasparotti, Roberto", "Castelli, Francesco", "Ashton, Nicholas J", "Blennow, Kaj", "Zetterberg, Henrik", "Padovani, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418288", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection has the potential for targeting the central nervous system, and several neurological symptoms have been described in patients with severe respiratory distress. Here, we described the case of a 60-year-old patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection but only mild respiratory abnormalities who developed an akinetic mutism attributable to encephalitis. Magnetic resonance imaging was negative, whereas electroencephalography showed generalized theta slowing. Cerebrospinal fluid analyses during the acute stage were negative for SARS-CoV-2, positive for pleocytosis and hyperproteinorrachia, and showed increased interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 concentrations. Other infectious or autoimmune disorders were excluded. A progressive clinical improvement along with a reduction of cerebrospinal fluid parameters was observed after high-dose steroid treatment, thus arguing for an inflammatory-mediated brain involvement related to COVID-19. ANN NEUROL 2020."}, {"pmid": 32516070, "title": "Establishing Mayo Clinic's Coronavirus Disease 2019 Virtual Clinic: A Preliminary Communication.", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Jethwa, Tarang", "Ton, Angie", "Paredes Molina, Carolina Stefany", "Speicher, Leigh", "Walsh, Katherine", "Knight, Dacre", "Davlantes, Timothy", "Francis, Dawn"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516070", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "\n                    The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is taking a massive toll on health care systems globally. We developed the COVID-19 virtual clinic (CVC) in conjunction with drive through testing to cope with this situation. There are two arms of the CVC: (1) a screening arm and (2) positive patient arm. Screening is performed over the phone based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention screening guideline. Positive patients are followed at regular intervals by video appointments where concerns can be addressed by a provider while also tracking symptom progression. We enrolled 63 positive patients out of 1,153 screened for COVID-19 as of this writing. The CVC continues to address patients' concerns and symptoms in an effort to minimize emergency department and hospital patient volumes, as incidence increases. Drive through testing in conjunction with a virtual clinic allows us to provide high-quality care in an anxious time without consuming excessive personal protective equipment or unnecessarily exposing health care workers. This article could serve as a model to guide other practices to cope with this and future pandemics.\n                "}, {"pmid": 32401309, "pmcid": "PMC7239166", "title": "Facing the future-what lessons could we learn from Covid-19?", "journal": "J Public Health (Oxf)", "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32401309", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32324933, "title": "Physically distant, educationally connected: Interactive conferencing in the era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Rose, Christian", "Mott, Sarah", "Alvarez, Al'ai", "Lin, Michelle"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32324933", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32532945, "title": "Risk of hepatic failure in COVID-19 patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "Infez Med", "authors": ["Samidoust, Pirouz", "Samidoust, Aryan", "Samadani, Ali Akbar", "Khoshdoz, Sara"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32532945", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Liver injury has been reported to occur during the disease in severe cases. Therefore, this meta-analysis study aims to investigate the incidence of liver injury among published literature from 2019-Jan-01 to 2020-April-03 to provide an outline for further studies on the liver injury of COVID-19. Four databases including Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Scopus were searched for studies published from 2019-Jan-01 to 2020-April-03. Data analysis and drawing of charts were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software Version 2.2 (Biostat, USA). The search yielded 450 publications, of which 64 potentially eligible studies were identified for full-text review and 21 studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria remained. A total of 4191 COVID-19 patients were included in our meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of liver injury was 19.5% (95% CI: 14.3-26.1). According to our results, there was significant heterogeneity among the 19 studies (X2 = 738.5; p < 0.001; I2 = 94.34%). Among 288 death cases, the pooled prevalence of liver injury was 22.8% (95% CI: 11.7-39.8). In summary, the COVID-19 disease itself can result in severe and even fatal respiratory diseases and even may lead to ARDS and multiple organ failure. The results of this systematic review highlight the importance of liver injury that may assist clinicians anywhere in the globe in controlling COVID-19-related infection and complications. Moreover, the prevalence of liver injury can be higher in severe cases than in mild cases."}, {"pmid": 32276799, "pmcid": "PMC7132492", "title": "Nutrition support in the time of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Nutrition", "authors": ["Laviano, Alessandro", "Koverech, Angela", "Zanetti, Michela"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276799", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360932, "pmcid": "PMC7252010", "title": "Telephonic triage before surgical ward admission and telemedicine during COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. Effective and easy procedures to reduce in-hospital positivity.", "journal": "Int J Surg", "authors": ["Tolone, Salvatore", "Gambardella, Claudio", "Brusciano, Luigi", "Del Genio, Gianmattia", "Lucido, Francesco Saverio", "Docimo, Ludovico"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360932", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32376528, "pmcid": "PMC7086131", "title": "[Mental health status and its influencing factors among college students during the epidemic of COVID-19].", "journal": "Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao", "authors": ["Chang, Jinghui", "Yuan, Yuxin", "Wang, Dong"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376528", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To investigate the mental health status of college students during the epidemic of COVID-19 and identify the factors influencing the mental health of the students. Using a general questionnaire, a self-designed new coronavirus pneumonia knowledge and cognitive behavior questionnaire, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), we conducted an internet-based questionnaire survey of 3881 college students in Guangdong Province. A multinomial-logistic regression model was used to analyze the collected data. The survey showed that 69.47% of the college students had a high level of awareness of COVID-19; the overall incidence of anxiety was 26.60%, and the incidences of mild, moderate and severe anxiety were 23.19%, 2.71%, and 0.70%, respectively. Depressive emotions were detected in 21.16% of the students, and the incidences of mild, moderate, and moderate-to-severe depression were 16.98%, 3.17%, and 1.01%, respectively. The results of multivariate analysis showed that an older age was associated with a higher level of awareness of COVID-19 and greater changes in future health behaviors were associated with less anxiety and depression among the students. The students currently in rural areas, of non-medical majors, and reporting half of their information concerning the epidemic being negative were more likely to have anxiety; female gender, residence in suburbs, a drinking history, and excessive negative information concerning the epidemic were all associated with the likeliness of depression. The college students have different levels of anxiety and depression during the epidemic. Depression and anxiety are closely related, but the factors contributing to different levels of such emotions can be different, and colleges and related departments are urged to provide precision mental health education for college students."}, {"pmid": 32330817, "pmcid": "PMC7194649", "title": "Clinical presentation and initial management critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in Brescia, Italy.", "journal": "J Crit Care", "authors": ["Piva, Simone", "Filippini, Matteo", "Turla, Fabio", "Cattaneo, Sergio", "Margola, Alessio", "De Fulviis, Silvia", "Nardiello, Ida", "Beretta, Alessandra", "Ferrari, Laura", "Trotta, Raffaella", "Erbici, Gloria", "Foca, Emanuele", "Castelli, Francesco", "Rasulo, Frank", "Lanspa, Michael J", "Latronico, Nicola"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330817", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 that started in Hubei, China has resulted in massive strain on the healthcare infrastructure in Lombardy, Italy. The management of these patients is still evolving. This is a single-center observational cohort study of critically ill patients infected with COVID-19. Bedside clinicians abstracted daily patient data on history, treatment, and short-term course. We describe management and a proposed severity scale for treatment used in this hospital. 44 patients were enrolled; with incomplete information on 11. Of the 33 studied patients, 91% were male, median age 64; 88% were overweight or obese. 45% were hypertensive, 12% had been taking an ACE-inhibitor. Noninvasive ventilation was performed on 39% of patients for part or all or their ICU stay with no provider infection. Most patients received antibiotics for pneumonia. Patients also received lopinivir/ritonavir (82%), hydroxychloroquine (79%), and tocilizumab (12%) according to this treatment algorithm. Nine of 10 patients survived their ICU course and were transferred to the floor, with one dying in the ICU. ICU patients with COVID-19 frequently have hypertension. Many could be managed with noninvasive ventilation, despite the risk of aerosolization. The use of a severity scale augmented clinician management."}, {"pmid": 32441232, "title": "Development and Implementation of Coronavirus (COVID-19) Disease Response Protocol at a Large Academic Medical Center.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Maxam, Meshell", "DeRonde, Kailynn J", "Vega, Ana D", "Skiada, Dimitra", "Vu, Christine A", "Salazar, Veronica", "Boatwright, Renata", "Cano-Casillas, Ennie", "Goodnow, Venessa", "Sposato, Kathleen A", "Paige, Peter G", "Zambrana, David", "Steigman, Don S", "Memon, Abdul M", "Abbo, Lilian M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441232", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In response to the rapid spread of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), healthcare systems should establish procedures for early recognition and management of suspected or confirmed cases. We describe the various steps taken for the development, implementation, and dissemination of the interdisciplinary COVID-19 protocol at Jackson Health System (JHS), a complex tertiary academic health system in Miami, Florida. Recognizing the dynamic nature of COVID-19, the protocol addresses the potential investigational treatment options and considerations for special populations. The protocol also includes infection prevention and control measures and routine care for suspected or proven COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32487972, "title": "A Patient with Acute Cervical Cord Injury and COVID-19: A First Case Report.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Pattanakuhar, Sintip", "Tangvinit, Chatchai", "Kovindha, Apichana"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32487972", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "During the pandemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), it is possible for rehabilitation physicians and personnel to take care of patients with concurrent spinal cord injury (SCI) and COVID-19. Here, we describe a case of acute cervical SCI resulting in complete tetraplegia C5 American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale (AIS) A with unrecognized, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV-2) infection. This resulted in large-scale quarantines of related surgical and rehabilitation staff, and the unexpected death of the patient despite receiving the treatments according to the standard guideline. Rehabilitation personnel who take care of acute SCI patients with COVID-19 should consider the effect of SCI on the course of COVID-19, the effect of COVID-19 and its treatments on the course of SCI, and risks of SAR-CoV2 transmission between patients and rehabilitation staff, to continue providing safe and effective rehabilitation programs."}, {"pmid": 32432519, "title": "Does the compromised sleep and circadian disruption of night and shiftworkers make them highly vulnerable to 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19)?", "journal": "Chronobiol Int", "authors": ["Silva, Flavia Rodrigues da", "Guerreiro, Renato de Carvalho", "Andrade, Henrique de Araujo", "Stieler, Eduardo", "Silva, Andressa", "de Mello, Marco Tulio"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432519", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rotating and permanent night shiftwork schedules typically result in acute and sometimes chronic sleep deprivation plus acute and sometimes chronic disruption of the circadian time structure. Immune system processes and functionalities are organized as circadian rhythms, and they are also strongly influenced by sleep status. Sleep is a vital behavioral state of living beings and a modulator of immune function and responsiveness. Shiftworkers show increased risk for developing viral infections due to possible compromise of both innate and acquired immunity responses. Short sleep and sleep loss, common consequences of shiftwork, are associated with altered integrity of the immune system. We discuss the possible excess risk for COVID-19 infection in the context of the common conditions among shiftworkers, including nurses, doctors, and first responders, among others of high exposure to the contagion, of sleep imbalance and circadian disruption.Abbreviations: ACE2: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; APC: Antigen\ufeff-presenting \ufeffcells; CCL: Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand; CD+: \ufeffAdhesion molecule expression; COVID-19: 2019 coronavirus disease; DCs: Dendritic cells; GH: Growth hormone; HPA: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; HSF: Heat shock factor; HSP70: Heat shock protein 70; HSP90: Heat shock protein 90; IL: Interleukin; INF\u03b3: Interferon-gamma; LT/LB: T/B lymphocytes; MHC: Major histocompatibility complex; NK: Natural \ufeffkiller; RAAS: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; SARS: \ufeffSevere acute respiratory syndrome; SCN: Suprachiasmatic nucleus;SD: Sleep deprivation; SNS: Sympathetic nervous system; Th1/Th2: T helper lymphocytes 1/2; TLR2/TLR4: Toll-like receptor 2/4; TNF-\u03b1: Tumor \ufeffnecrosis \ufefffactor alpha; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor."}, {"pmid": 32257772, "pmcid": "PMC7104689", "title": "Cross-Country Comparison of Case Fatality Rates of COVID-19/SARS-COV-2.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "authors": ["Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif", "Rahim, Fakher"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32257772", "countries": ["Italy", "France", "Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Case fatality rates (CFR) and recovery rates are important readouts during epidemics and pandemics. In this article, an international analysis was performed on the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Data were retrieved from accurate databases according to the user's guide of data sources for patient registries, CFR and recovery rates were calculated for each country. A comparison of CFR between countries with total cases \u2265 1,000 was observed for 12th and 23rd March. Italy's CFR was the highest of all countries studied for both time points (12th March, 6.22% versus 23rd March, 9.26%). The data showed that even though Italy was the only European country reported on 12rd March, Spain and France had the highest CFR of 6.16 and 4.21%, respectively, on 23rd March, which was strikingly higher than the overall CFR of 3.61%. Obtaining detailed and accurate medical history from COVID-19 patients, and analyzing CFR alongside the recovery rate, may enable the identification of the highest risk areas so that efficient medical care may be provided. This may lead to the development of point-of-care tools to help clinicians in stratifying patients based on possible requirements in the level of care, to increase the probabilities of survival from COVID-19 disease."}, {"pmid": 32462929, "title": "Psychosocial Stress Contagion in Children and Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Pediatr (Phila)", "authors": ["Liu, Cindy H", "Doan, Stacey N"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462929", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32267782, "title": "Challenges Faced by Medical Journals During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Oncol", "authors": ["Cannistra, Stephen A", "Haffty, Bruce G", "Ballman, Karla"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32267782", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234338, "pmcid": "PMC7194899", "title": "Using psychoneuroimmunity against COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Kim, Sung-Wan", "Su, Kuan-Pin"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234338", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The worldwide outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) raises concerns of widespread panic and anxiety in individuals subjected to the real or perceived threat of the virus. Compared to general populations, patients who are institutionalized in a closed unit are also very vulnerable to COVID-19 infection and complications. This crisis touched on difficult issues of not only psychiatric care and ethics, but also psychological impacts to psychiatric care givers. In this Viewpoint, we address both physical and biopsychosocial aspects of this infection, as well as the psychoneuroimmunity of preventive strategies of healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, balanced nutrition, quality sleep and a strong connection with people. Social distancing and wearing masks might help us from pathogen exposure, yet such these measures also prevent us from expressing compassion and friendliness. Therefore, all forms of psychological support should be routinely implemented not only to consider psychological resilience but also to enhance psychoneuroimmunity against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32325096, "pmcid": "PMC7169929", "title": "COVID-19 in cardiac arrest and infection risk to rescuers: A systematic review.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Couper, Keith", "Taylor-Phillips, Sian", "Grove, Amy", "Freeman, Karoline", "Osokogu, Osemeke", "Court, Rachel", "Mehrabian, Amin", "Morley, Peter T", "Nolan, Jerry P", "Soar, Jasmeet", "Perkins, Gavin D"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325096", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There may be a risk of COVID-19 transmission to rescuers delivering treatment for cardiac arrest. The aim of this review was to identify the potential risk of transmission associated with key interventions (chest compressions, defibrillation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation) to inform international treatment recommendations. We undertook a systematic review comprising three questions: (1) aerosol generation associated with key interventions; (2) risk of airborne infection transmission associated with key interventions; and (3) the effect of different personal protective equipment strategies. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the World Health Organization COVID-19 database on 24th March 2020. Eligibility criteria were developed individually for each question. We assessed risk of bias for individual studies, and used the GRADE process to assess evidence certainty by outcome. We included eleven studies: two cohort studies, one case control study, five case reports, and three manikin randomised controlled trials. We did not find any direct evidence that chest compressions or defibrillation either are or are not associated with aerosol generation or transmission of infection. Data from manikin studies indicates that donning of personal protective equipment delays treatment delivery. Studies provided only indirect evidence, with no study describing patients with COVID-19. Evidence certainty was low or very low for all outcomes. It is uncertain whether chest compressions or defibrillation cause aerosol generation or transmission of COVID-19 to rescuers. There is very limited evidence and a rapid need for further studies. Review registration: PROSPERO CRD42020175594."}, {"pmid": 32273607, "title": "Virological assessment of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Stower, Hannah"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32273607", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32488860, "title": "Surgery at the time of COVID-19 pandemic: initial evidence of safe practice.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Del Genio, G", "Merlino, F", "Tolone, S", "Brusciano, L", "Lucido, F S", "Docimo, L", "Gambardella, C"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32488860", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32377597, "pmcid": "PMC7199721", "title": "Need for Caution in the Diagnosis of Radiation Pneumonitis in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Shaverdian, Narek", "Shepherd, Annemarie", "Rimner, Andreas", "Wu, Abraham J", "Simone, Charles B 2nd", "Gelblum, Daphna Y", "Gomez, Daniel R"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32377597", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Patients with cancer are at high-risk for mortality from coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19). Radiation pneumonitis (RP) is a common toxicity of thoracic radiotherapy with overlapping clinical and imaging features with COVID-19, however, RP is treated with high-dose corticosteroids, which may exacerbate COVID-19-associated lung injury. We reviewed patients who presented with symptoms of RP during the intensification of a regional COVID-19 epidemic to report on their clinical course and COVID-19 testing results. The clinical course and chest computed tomography (CT) imaging findings of consecutive patients who presented with symptoms of RP in March 2020 were reviewed. The first regional COVID-19 case was diagnosed on 3/1/2020. All patients underwent COVID-19 qualitative RNA testing. Four patients with clinical suspicion for RP were assessed. Three out of four patients tested positive for COVID-19. All patients presented with symptoms of cough and dyspnea. Two patients had a fever, of whom only one tested positive for COVID-19. Two patients started on an empiric high-dose corticosteroid taper for presumed RP, but both had clinical deterioration, and ultimately tested positive for COVID-19 and required hospitalization. Chest CT findings in patients suspected of RP, but ultimately diagnosed with COVID-19 showed ground-glass opacities mostly pronounced outside the radiation field. As this pandemic continues, patients with symptoms of RP require diagnostic attention. We recommend that patients suspected of RP be tested for COVID-19 before starting empiric corticosteroids and for careful attention be paid to chest CT imaging in order to prevent potential exacerbation of COVID-19 in these high-risk patients."}, {"pmid": 32405079, "pmcid": "PMC7217800", "title": "Dynamic changes in routine blood parameters of a severe COVID-19 case.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Lu, Guoguang", "Wang, Jing"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405079", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Novel coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) has been spreading worldwide, and tracking laboratory indexes during the diagnosis and treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 can provide a reference for patients in other countries and regions. We closely tracked the epidemiological history, diagnosis and treatment process, as well as dynamic changes in routine blood indicators, of a severe COVID-19 patient who was hospitalized for 26\u00a0days. Our study found that the patient's condition worsened in the first week after admission, white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelets (PLT) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) decreased. On the 7th day of admission, the levels of these cells decreased to their lowest values, though the red blood cell distribution width (RDW) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level remained at high values. From 8 to 14\u00a0days of admission, the patient's condition improved, hypoxemia was corrected, and mechanical ventilation was discontinued. The number of WBCs, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and lymphocytes increased gradually, and the erythrocyte parameters stopped declining and stabilized in a certain range; CRP decreased rapidly. On the 20th day of admission, the nucleic acid test was negative, WBC, neutrophil, CRP, NLR and PLR decreased gradually, and monocyte, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts increased. Although RBCs and hemoglobin (Hb) levels continued to decrease, RDW gradually increased, indicating the recovery of hematopoiesis. In addition, it should be noted that monocytes and eosinophils were at extremely low levels within 10\u00a0days after admission; the recovery time of eosinophils was approximately 12\u00a0days after admission, which was earlier than other parameters, which might be of great value in judging the progress of the disease. Dynamic changes in routine blood parameters might be helpful for the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and evaluation of the treatment effect."}, {"pmid": 32451301, "pmcid": "PMC7194545", "title": "A picture of the covid-19 impact on IVIRMA fertility treatment clinics in Spain and Italy.", "journal": "Reprod Biomed Online", "authors": ["Requena, Antonio", "Cruz, Maria", "Vergara, Vanessa", "Prados, Nicolas", "Galliano, Daniela", "Pellicer, Antonio"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451301", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Spain"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of the novel coronavirus infection that arose in Wuhan, China in December 2019 has resulted in an epidemic that has quickly expanded to become one of the most significant public health threats in recent times. Unfortunately, the disease has spread globally. On March 11th (2020) World Health Organization (WHO) declared Covid-19 a pandemic and has called governments to take urgent and aggressive action to change the course of the outbreak. Within the context of Assisted Reproduction, both reproductive medicine professionals and patients are also fighting against this unprecedented viral pandemic. In view of events, most of us had to make serious decisions, some of them with a lack of scientific evidence due to the circumstances and with the only objective of ensuring the safe care of our patients, reduce non-essential contacts and prevent possible maternal and fetal complications in future pregnancies. Pregnant women should not be considered at high risk for developing severe infection. Up to date, there are no reported deaths in pregnant women with Covid-19, while in the cases that have presented pneumonia because of Covid-19, the symptoms have been moderate and with a good prognosis in recovery."}, {"pmid": 32478949, "title": "Influence of COVID-19 pandemic on hospitalizations at the tertiary dermatology department in south-west Poland.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Bialynicki-Birula, Rafal", "Siemasz, Iga", "Otlewska, Agnieszka", "Matusiak, Lukasz", "Szepietowski, Jacek C"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478949", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "New virus SARS-Cov-2 infection has spread over the world affecting all daily activities, including functioning of health services. Due to pandemic many hospitals were ordered to re-organize their work. The aim of the current report was to evaluate the influence of COVID-19 pandemic on the hospitalizations at the tertiary dermatology department in south-west Poland. Two corresponding periods of 2019 and 2020 were compared in aspect of number of hospitalizations, sex and age profile of inpatients. We clearly showed a significant reduction of hospitalized patients during the pandemic period, with marked reduction of female patients. Moreover, the significant decrease of admissions to dermatology ward was observed within children and patients older than 70\u2009years. Patients with chronic inflammatory dermatoses (eg, atopic dermatitis, eczemas, lichen planus, pityriasis rubra pilaris) were less often hospitalized during the pandemic period. In contrast, patients suffering from dermatitis due to substances taken internally, erysipelas, syphilis and primary cutaneous lymphomas constituted significantly higher rate of hospitalized subjects in 2020\u2009year. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32335609, "title": "Clinical Profile of Cases of COVID-19 in Far Western Province of Nepal.", "journal": "J Nepal Health Res Counc", "authors": ["Joshi, Jagadish", "Mishra, Pradip", "Kamar, Sher Bahadur", "Sharma, Nirajan Datta", "Parajuli, Janaki", "Sharma, Seema", "Pandey, Hem Raj"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335609", "countries": ["Nepal"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) cause various symptoms such as pneumonia, fever, breathing difficult and lung infection. Till now, total 9 cases are reported in Nepal and 4 cases from this province. This case series is to describe the initial clinical features of COVID-19 among the patients admitted in isolation ward of Seti Provincial Hospital. Oropharyngeal swab was taken from all four patients and sample was transfer to national reference laboratory. Three patients were coming from infected country and one is local transmission. Age of patients was range from 20 to 40 years of age with male preponderance. The patient coming from United Arab Emirate was presented with mild symptoms and others were asymptomatic. More tests, contact tracing and keeping them in quarantine are the necessitated action need to be taken by government of Nepal. Keywords: COVID-19; local transmission; oropharyngeal swab."}, {"pmid": 32399942, "pmcid": "PMC7216853", "title": "Ethical considerations for allocation of scarce resources and alterations in surgical care during a pandemic.", "journal": "Surg Endosc", "authors": ["Rawlings, Arthur", "Brandt, Lea", "Ferreres, Alberto", "Asbun, Horacio", "Shadduck, Phillip"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399942", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 is unprecedented in modern history. Its effects on social behavior and health care delivery have been dramatic. The resultant burden of disease and critical illness has outpaced the diagnostic, therapeutic, and health care professional resources of many clinics and hospitals. It continues to do so globally. The allocation of hospital beds and ventilators, personal protective equipment, investigational therapeutics, and other scarce resources has required difficult decisions. Clinical and surgical practices which are standard in normal times may not be standard or safe during the COVID-19 crisis. How can we best adapt as physicians and surgeons? What foundational ethical principles and systems of principle application can help guide our decision-making? Fortunately, a large body of work in medical ethics addresses these questions. Unfortunately, many surgeons and other health care professionals are probably not as familiar with these concepts. This brief communication is intended to provide a concise explanation of ethical considerations which readers may find helpful when addressing allocation of scarce resources and alterations in surgical care brought on by the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32449939, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-binding proteins expressed by upper respiratory tract bacteria may prevent severe viral infection.", "journal": "FEBS Lett", "authors": ["Honarmand Ebrahimi, Kourosh"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449939", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a major global challenge. The virus infects host cells using its spike glycoprotein (S-protein) and has significantly higher infectivity and mortality rates among the aged population. Here, based on bioinformatic analysis, I provide evidence that some members of the upper respiratory tract (URT) commensal bacteria express viral S-protein -binding proteins. Based on this analysis and available data showing a decline in the population of these bacteria in the elderly, I propose that some URT commensal bacteria hamper SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and that a decline in the population of these bacteria contributes to the severity of infection. Further studies should provide a better understanding of the interaction of URT bacteria and SARS-CoV-2, which may lead to new therapeutic approaches."}, {"pmid": 32432810, "title": "Letter: does vitamin D have a potential role against COVID-19?", "journal": "Aliment Pharmacol Ther", "authors": ["Kumar, Deepak", "Gupta, Prakamya", "Banerjee, Dibyajyoti"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432810", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32365043, "pmcid": "PMC7247464", "title": "Assessing the Real-Time Mental Health Challenges of COVID-19 in Individuals With Serious Mental Illnesses: Protocol for a Quantitative Study.", "journal": "JMIR Res Protoc", "authors": ["Moore, Raeanne Cristine", "Depp, Colin Andrew", "Harvey, Philip D", "Pinkham, Amy E"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365043", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused significant stress and mental health problems among the general public. However, persons at greatest risk for poor mental health outcomes, such as people with serious mental illness, have been largely overlooked. This paper presents the protocol for a study that aims to examine the mental health impact of COVID-19 and social distancing behaviors in people with serious mental illness and the behaviors undertaken to prevent COVID-19 infection in this group. Participants will include individuals with serious mental illness (eg, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) and nonpsychiatric control participants who are currently participating in or have previously participated in several ongoing parent observational studies. Data will be collected from April 2020 through August 2020. Participants will complete phone interviews at 2 time points to assess their current emotional functioning and discuss the measures they have taken to prevent COVID-19 infection. Baseline (pre-COVID-19) mental health, sampled by ecological momentary assessment over an extended period, will be compared with current mental health, also sampled by ecological momentary assessment over an extended period. Demographic, cognitive, and psychosocial factors at baseline will be used to examine risk and resilience to current mental health and coping. The inclusion of participants for the first round of telephone assessments started on April 3, 2020 and will be completed by May 31, 2020. As of April 30, 2020, 101 individuals had completed these first-round assessments. The second round of telephone assessments will likely occur between June 1, 2020, and August 31, 2020. Study results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Our findings will have broad implications for understanding the psychological consequences of COVID-19 among vulnerable persons with serious mental illness and will provide the opportunity to identify targets to reduce negative outcomes in the future. We also hope our efforts will provide a roadmap and resources for other researchers who would like to implement a similar approach. DERR1-10.2196/19203."}, {"pmid": 32408808, "pmcid": "PMC7231903", "title": "Data Quality of Chinese Surveillance of COVID-19: Objective Analysis Based on WHO's Situation Reports.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Public Health", "authors": ["Idrovo, Alvaro Javier", "Manrique-Hernandez, Edgar Fabian"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408808", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Was there quality in the Chinese epidemiological surveillance system during the COVID-19 pandemic? Using data of World Health Organization's situation reports (until situation report 55), an objective analysis was realized to answer this important question. Fulfillment of Benford's law (first digit law) is a rapid tool to suggest good data quality. Results suggest that China had an acceptable quality in its epidemiological surveillance system. Furthermore, more detailed and complete analyses could complement the evaluation of the Chinese surveillance system."}, {"pmid": 32375523, "pmcid": "PMC7212539", "title": "The challenge of resuming classes for young students in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Expert Rev Respir Med", "authors": ["Yang, Rongrong", "Gui, Xien", "Zhang, Yongxi", "Xiong, Yong"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375523", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482587, "pmcid": "PMC7245321", "title": "Time-trend analysis of medicine sales and shortages during COVID-19 outbreak: Data from community pharmacies.", "journal": "Res Social Adm Pharm", "authors": ["Romano, Sonia", "Galante, Heloisa", "Figueira, Debora", "Mendes, Zilda", "Rodrigues, Antonio Teixeira"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482587", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a worldwide public health concern. Disruptions in the drug market are expected and shortages might worsen. Community pharmacies can contribute to early identification and report of medicines' supply and demand issues. The aim of this study is to characterize the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on outpatient medicines' sales and shortages. A retrospective, time-trend analysis of medicine sales, shortages and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases was performed from February 1st to April 30th, 2020, and its homologous period (regarding sales only). A detailed analysis of 6 pharmaceutical substances was performed. All data were subjected to rescaling using the min-max normalization method, in order to become comparable. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft\u00ae Excel. The pandemic resulted in an increase in medicines' demand and reported shortages during the early stage of the outbreak. The maximum proportion of medicine sales was registered on March 13th, 2020, 4 days after the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic. By the end of March, sales have already dropped to proportions similar to those of 2019. The maximum proportion of drug shortages was reached about one week after the sales peak and by the end of the study period were below those recorded in the pre-COVID-19 period. The analyzed drugs were paracetamol, ascorbic acid, dapagliflozin plus metformin, rosuvastatin plus ezetimibe, formoterol, and hydroxychloroquine, as these pharmaceutical substances registered the highest growth rate in sales and shortages when compared to the same period in the previous year. Hydroxychloroquine showed the most different pattern trends on sales and shortages of these medicines. Pharmacies can provide timely and real-world data regarding sales and shortages. The adopted measures to guarantee the continuous supply of the medicine market seem to have worked. The long-term impacts of this pandemic are unknown and should continue to be closely monitored."}, {"pmid": 32353267, "pmcid": "PMC7185948", "title": "Nursing homes or besieged castles: COVID-19 in northern Italy.", "journal": "Lancet Psychiatry", "authors": ["Trabucchi, Marco", "De Leo, Diego"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353267", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32323646, "pmcid": "PMC7253100", "title": "Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine for the Prevention or Treatment of COVID-19 in Africa: Caution for Inappropriate Off-label Use in Healthcare Settings.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Abena, Pascale M", "Decloedt, Eric H", "Bottieau, Emmanuel", "Suleman, Fatima", "Adejumo, Prisca", "Sam-Agudu, Nadia A", "Muyembe TamFum, Jean-Jacques", "Seydi, Moussa", "Eholie, Serge P", "Mills, Edward J", "Kallay, Oscar", "Zumla, Alimuddin", "Nachega, Jean B"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32323646", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 pandemic has spread to Africa, where nearly all countries have reported laboratory-confirmed cases of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Although there are ongoing clinical trials of repurposed and investigational antiviral and immune-based therapies, there are as yet no scientifically proven, clinically effective pharmacological treatments for COVID-19. Among the repurposed drugs, the commonly used antimalarials chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) have become the focus of global scientific, media, and political attention despite a lack of randomized clinical trials supporting their efficacy. Chloroquine has been used worldwide for about 75 years and is listed by the WHO as an essential medicine to treat malaria. Hydroxychloroquine is mainly used as a therapy for autoimmune diseases. However, the efficacy and safety of CQ/HCQ for the treatment of COVID-19 remains to be defined. Indiscriminate promotion and widespread use of CQ/HCQ have led to extensive shortages, self-treatment, and fatal overdoses. Shortages and increased market prices leave all countries vulnerable to substandard and falsified medical products, and safety issues are especially concerning for Africa because of its healthcare system limitations. Much needed in Africa is a cross-continental collaborative network for coordinated production, distribution, and post-marketing surveillance aligned to low-cost distribution of any approved COVID-19 drug; this would ideally be piggybacked on existing global aid efforts. Meanwhile, African countries should strongly consider implementing prescription monitoring schemes to ensure that any off-label CQ/HCQ use is appropriate and beneficial during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32132700, "title": "Coronavirus nixes conference, twilight zone beckons and a faded star brightens.", "journal": "Nature", "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32132700", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234805, "pmcid": "PMC7164555", "title": "Quantifying SARS-CoV-2 transmission suggests epidemic control with digital contact tracing.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Ferretti, Luca", "Wymant, Chris", "Kendall, Michelle", "Zhao, Lele", "Nurtay, Anel", "Abeler-Dorner, Lucie", "Parker, Michael", "Bonsall, David", "Fraser, Christophe"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234805", "topics": ["Transmission", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The newly emergent human virus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2) is resulting in high fatality rates and incapacitated health systems. Preventing further transmission is a priority. We analyzed key parameters of epidemic spread to estimate the contribution of different transmission routes and determine requirements for case isolation and contact tracing needed to stop the epidemic. Although SARS-CoV-2 is spreading too fast to be contained by manual contact tracing, it could be controlled if this process were faster, more efficient, and happened at scale. A contact-tracing app that builds a memory of proximity contacts and immediately notifies contacts of positive cases can achieve epidemic control if used by enough people. By targeting recommendations to only those at risk, epidemics could be contained without resorting to mass quarantines (\"lockdowns\") that are harmful to society. We discuss the ethical requirements for an intervention of this kind."}, {"pmid": 32277387, "pmcid": "PMC7146012", "title": "Management of COVID-19 in patients after liver transplantation: Beijing working party for liver transplantation.", "journal": "Hepatol Int", "authors": ["Liu, Hongling", "He, Xi", "Wang, Yudong", "Zhou, Shuangnan", "Zhang, Dali", "Zhu, Jiye", "He, Qiang", "Zhu, Zhijun", "Li, Guangming", "Sun, Libo", "Wang, Jianli", "Cheng, Gregory", "Liu, Zhenwen", "Lau, George"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277387", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Annually, around 850 liver transplantation is performed in Beijing, China. Recently, the new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has affected nearly 200 countries worldwide. 2019-nCov can cause severe lung disease, multiple-organ damage, and significant mortalities. Liver transplant recipients, because of long-term oral immunosuppressant effects, may be more susceptible to 2019-nCoV infection and have a worse prognosis than the general population. It is urgent to set up guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of COVID-19 in liver transplant recipients. In this article, we reviewed the clinical aspects of 2019-nCoV infection, characteristics of liver transplant recipients, immunosuppressant usage, and potential drug interactions to provide recommendations to clinical staff managing liver transplant recipients during the COVID-19 epidemic."}, {"pmid": 32527794, "title": "Too slow and fundamentally flawed: why test and trace is a weak and inequitable defence against covid-19.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Vize, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527794", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444450, "title": "SARS-CoV-2 infection in ambulatory and hospitalised Spanish children.", "journal": "Arch Dis Child", "authors": ["de Ceano-Vivas, Maria", "Martin-Espin, Irene", "Del Rosal, Teresa", "Bueno-Barriocanal, Marta", "Plata-Gallardo, Marta", "Ruiz-Dominguez, Jose Antonio", "Lopez-Lopez, Rosario", "Molina-Gutierrez, Miguel Angel", "Bote-Gascon, Patricia", "Gonzalez-Bertolin, Isabel", "Garcia-Sanchez, Paula", "Martin-Sanchez, Julia", "de Miguel-Lavisier, Begona", "Sainz, Talia", "Baquero-Artigao, Fernando", "Mendez-Echevarria, Ana", "Calvo, Cristina"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444450", "countries": ["Spain"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416535, "pmcid": "PMC7214292", "title": "Spillover of SARS-CoV-2 into novel wild hosts in North America: A conceptual model for perpetuation of the pathogen.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Franklin, Alan B", "Bevins, Sarah N"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416535", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is evidence that the current outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, is of animal origin. As with a number of zoonotic pathogens, there is a risk of spillover into novel hosts. Here, we propose a hypothesized conceptual model that illustrates the mechanism whereby the SARS-CoV-2 could spillover from infected humans to naive wildlife hosts in North America. This proposed model is premised on transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from human feces through municipal waste water treatment plants into the natural aquatic environment where potential wildlife hosts become infected. We use the existing literature on human coronaviruses, including SARS CoV, to support the potential pathways and mechanisms in the conceptual model. Although we focus on North America, our conceptual model could apply to other parts of the globe as well."}, {"pmid": 32359804, "pmcid": "PMC7180370", "title": "Covid-19 and Guillain-Barre syndrome: More than a coincidence!", "journal": "Rev Neurol (Paris)", "authors": ["El Otmani, H", "El Moutawakil, B", "Rafai, M-A", "El Benna, N", "El Kettani, C", "Soussi, M", "El Mdaghri, N", "Barrou, H", "Afif, H"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359804", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32268052, "title": "Vitamin D, Covid-19 and Children.", "journal": "Ir Med J", "authors": ["Molloy, E J", "Murphy, N"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32268052", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32511245, "title": "A unifying structural and functional model of the coronavirus replication organelle: Tracking down RNA synthesis.", "journal": "PLoS Biol", "authors": ["Snijder, Eric J", "Limpens, Ronald W A L", "de Wilde, Adriaan H", "de Jong, Anja W M", "Zevenhoven-Dobbe, Jessika C", "Maier, Helena J", "Faas, Frank F G A", "Koster, Abraham J", "Barcena, Montserrat"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32511245", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Zoonotic coronavirus (CoV) infections, such as those responsible for the current severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, cause grave international public health concern. In infected cells, the CoV RNA-synthesizing machinery associates with modified endoplasmic reticulum membranes that are transformed into the viral replication organelle (RO). Although double-membrane vesicles (DMVs) appear to be a pan-CoV RO element, studies to date describe an assortment of additional CoV-induced membrane structures. Despite much speculation, it remains unclear which RO element(s) accommodate viral RNA synthesis. Here we provide detailed 2D and 3D analyses of CoV ROs and show that diverse CoVs essentially induce the same membrane modifications, including the small open double-membrane spherules (DMSs) previously thought to be restricted to gamma- and delta-CoV infections and proposed as sites of replication. Metabolic labeling of newly synthesized viral RNA followed by quantitative electron microscopy (EM) autoradiography revealed abundant viral RNA synthesis associated with DMVs in cells infected with the beta-CoVs Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV and the gamma-CoV infectious bronchitis virus. RNA synthesis could not be linked to DMSs or any other cellular or virus-induced structure. Our results provide a unifying model of the CoV RO and clearly establish DMVs as the central hub for viral RNA synthesis and a potential drug target in CoV infection."}, {"pmid": 32496743, "pmcid": "PMC7219838", "title": "Economic Impacts of the COVID-19 Crisis: An Orthopaedic Perspective.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Anoushiravani, Afshin A", "O'Connor, Casey M", "DiCaprio, Matthew R", "Iorio, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496743", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507407, "title": "COVID 19-An eye on the virus.", "journal": "Cont Lens Anterior Eye", "authors": ["Cho, Pauline", "Boost, Maureen"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507407", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275870, "pmcid": "PMC7141466", "title": "Invisible spread of SARS-CoV-2 - Authors' reply.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kucharski, Adam J", "Eggo, Rosalind M"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275870", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353184, "pmcid": "PMC7267575", "title": "Severe psychological distress among patients with epilepsy during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwest China.", "journal": "Epilepsia", "authors": ["Hao, Xiaoting", "Zhou, Dong", "Li, Zhe", "Zeng, Guojun", "Hao, Nanya", "Li, Enzhi", "Li, Wenjing", "Deng, Aiping", "Lin, Mintao", "Yan, Bo"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353184", "countries": ["China"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To compare the severity of psychological distress between patients with epilepsy and healthy controls during the COVID-19 outbreak in southwest China, as well as identify potential risk factors of severe psychological distress among patients with epilepsy. This cross-sectional case-control study examined a consecutive sample of patients older than 15\u00a0years treated at the epilepsy center of West China Hospital between February 1 and February 29, 2020. As controls, sex- and age-matched healthy visitors of inpatients (unrelated to the patients) were also enrolled during the same period. Data on demographics and attention paid to COVID-19 were collected by online questionnaire, data on epilepsy features were collected from electronic medical records, and psychological distress was evaluated using the 6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-6). Potential risk factors of severe psychological distress were identified using multivariate logistic regression. The 252 patients and 252 controls in this study were similar along all demographic variables except family income. Patients with epilepsy showed significantly higher K-6 scores than healthy controls and spent significantly more time following the COVID-19 outbreak (both P\u00a0<\u00a0.001). Univariate analyses associated both diagnosis of drug-resistant epilepsy and time spent paying attention to COVID-19 with severe psychological distress (defined as K-6 score >12; both P\u00a0\u2264\u00a0.001). Multivariate logistic regression identified two independent predictors of severe psychological distress: time spent paying attention to COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.172, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.073-1.280) and diagnosis of drug-resistant epilepsy (OR = 0.283, 95% CI = 0.128-0.623). During public health outbreaks, clinicians and caregivers should focus not only on seizure control but also on mental health of patients with epilepsy, especially those with drug-resistant epilepsy. K-6 scores > 12 indicate severe psychological distress. This may mean, for example, encouraging patients to engage in other activities instead of excessively following media coverage of the outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32392613, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019, Prothrombotic Factors, and Venous Thromboembolism.", "journal": "Semin Thromb Hemost", "authors": ["Schulman, Sam"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392613", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32265848, "pmcid": "PMC7105881", "title": "Subunit Vaccines Against Emerging Pathogenic Human Coronaviruses.", "journal": "Front Microbiol", "authors": ["Wang, Ning", "Shang, Jian", "Jiang, Shibo", "Du, Lanying"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32265848", "countries": ["China", "Saudi Arabia"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Seven coronaviruses (CoVs) have been isolated from humans so far. Among them, three emerging pathogenic CoVs, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and a newly identified CoV (2019-nCoV), once caused or continue to cause severe infections in humans, posing significant threats to global public health. SARS-CoV infection in humans (with about 10% case fatality rate) was first reported from China in 2002, while MERS-CoV infection in humans (with about 34.4% case fatality rate) was first reported from Saudi Arabia in June 2012. 2019-nCoV was first reported from China in December 2019, and is currently infecting more than 70000 people (with about 2.7% case fatality rate). Both SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV are zoonotic viruses, using bats as their natural reservoirs, and then transmitting through intermediate hosts, leading to human infections. Nevertheless, the intermediate host for 2019-nCoV is still under investigation and the vaccines against this new CoV have not been available. Although a variety of vaccines have been developed against infections of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, none of them has been approved for use in humans. In this review, we have described the structure and function of key proteins of emerging human CoVs, overviewed the current vaccine types to be developed against SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and summarized recent advances in subunit vaccines against these two pathogenic human CoVs. These subunit vaccines are introduced on the basis of full-length spike (S) protein, receptor-binding domain (RBD), non-RBD S protein fragments, and non-S structural proteins, and the potential factors affecting these subunit vaccines are also illustrated. Overall, this review will be helpful for rapid design and development of vaccines against the new 2019-nCoV and any future CoVs with pandemic potential. This review was written for the topic of Antivirals for Emerging Viruses: Vaccines and Therapeutics in the Virology section of Frontiers in Microbiology."}, {"pmid": 32399094, "pmcid": "PMC7212226", "title": "Statins and the COVID-19 main protease: in silico evidence on direct interaction.", "journal": "Arch Med Sci", "authors": ["Reiner, Zeljko", "Hatamipour, Mahdi", "Banach, Maciej", "Pirro, Matteo", "Al-Rasadi, Khalid", "Jamialahmadi, Tannaz", "Radenkovic, Dina", "Montecucco, Fabrizio", "Sahebkar, Amirhossein"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32399094", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No proven drug and no immunisation are yet available for COVID-19 disease. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro), a key coronavirus enzyme, which is a potential drug target, has been successfully crystallised. There is evidence suggesting that statins exert anti-viral activity and may block the infectivity of enveloped viruses. The aim of this study was to assess whether statins are potential COVID-19 Mpro inhibitors, using a molecular docking study. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock/Vina, a computational docking program. SARS-CoV-2 Mpro was docked with all statins, while antiviral and antiretroviral drugs - favipiravir, nelfinavir, and lopinavir - were used as standards for comparison. The binding energies obtained from the docking of 6LU7 with native ligand favipiravir, nelfinavir, lopinavir, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, pitavastatin, lovastatin, fluvastatin, and atorvastatin were -6.8, -5.8, -7.9, -7.9, -7.0, -7.7, -6.6, -8.2, -7.4, -7.7, and -6.8 kcal/mol, respectively. The number of hydrogen bonds between statins and amino acid residues of Mpro were 7, 4, and 3 for rosuvastatin, pravastatin, and atorvastatin, respectively, while other statins had two hydrogen bonds. These results indicate, based upon the binding energy of pitavastatin, rosuvastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin, that statins could be efficient SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors. This is supported by the fact that the effects of some statins, especially pitavastatin, have a binding energy that is even greater than that of protease or polymerase inhibitors. However, further research is necessary to investigate their potential use as drugs for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32505331, "title": "COVID-19 and cardiovascular injury: A role for oxidative stress and antioxidant treatment?", "journal": "Int J Cardiol", "authors": ["Loffredo, Lorenzo", "Violi, Francesco"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505331", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416598, "pmcid": "PMC7204723", "title": "SARS-CoV-2 detection by direct rRT-PCR without RNA extraction.", "journal": "J Clin Virol", "authors": ["Merindol, Natacha", "Pepin, Genevieve", "Marchand, Caroline", "Rheault, Marylene", "Peterson, Christine", "Poirier, Andre", "Houle, Claudia", "Germain, Hugo", "Danylo, Alexis"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416598", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Rapid and reliable screening of SARS-CoV-2 is fundamental to assess viral spread and limit the pandemic we are facing. In this study, we compared direct rRT-PCR method (without RNA extraction) using SeeGene AllplexTM 2019-nCoV rRT-PCR with the RealStar\u00ae SARS-CoV-2 rRT-PCR kit (Altona Diagnostics). Furthermore, we assessed the impact of swab storage media composition on PCR efficiency. We show that SeeGene and Altona's assays provide similar efficiency. Importantly, we provide evidence that RNA extraction can be successfully bypassed when samples are stored in UTM medium or in molecular water but not when samples are stored in saline solution and in Hanks medium."}, {"pmid": 32389882, "pmcid": "PMC7205734", "title": "Coronavirus Disease-2019: A tocsin to our aging, unfit, corpulent, and immunodeficient society.", "journal": "J Sport Health Sci", "authors": ["Nieman, David C"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32389882", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Acute and chronic respiratory illnesses cause widespread morbidity and mortality, and this class of illness now includes the novel coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome that is causing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The world is experiencing a major demographic shift toward an older, obese, and physically inactive populace. Risk factor assessments based on pandemic data indicate that those at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19 include older males, and people of all ages with obesity and related comorbidities such as hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Aging in and of itself leads to negative changes in innate and adaptive immunity, a process termed immunosenescence. Obesity causes systemic inflammation and adversely impacts immune function and host defense in a way that patterns immunosenescence. Two primary prevention strategies to reduce the risk for COVID-19 at both the community and individual levels include mitigation activities and the adoption of lifestyle practices consistent with good immune health. Animal and human studies support the idea that, in contrast to high exercise workloads, regular moderate-intensity physical activity improves immunosurveillance against pathogens and reduces morbidity and mortality from viral infection and respiratory illnesses including the common cold, pneumonia, and influenza. The odds are high that infectious disease pandemics spawned by novel pathogens will continue to inflict morbidity and mortality as the world's population becomes older and more obese. COVID-19 is indeed a wake-up call, a tocsin, to the world that primary prevention countermeasures focused on health behaviors and hygiene demand our full attention and support."}, {"pmid": 32504213, "title": "Risk of a second wave of Covid-19 infections: using artificial intelligence to investigate stringency of physical distancing policies in North America.", "journal": "Int Orthop", "authors": ["Vaid, Shashank", "McAdie, Aaron", "Kremer, Ran", "Khanduja, Vikas", "Bhandari, Mohit"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32504213", "countries": ["United States", "Canada", "Sweden"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Accurately forecasting the occurrence of future covid-19-related cases across relaxed (Sweden) and stringent (USA and Canada) policy contexts has a renewed sense of urgency. Moreover, there is a need for a multidimensional county-level approach to monitor the second wave of covid-19 in the USA. We use an artificial intelligence framework based on timeline of policy interventions that triangulated results based on the three approaches-Bayesian susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR), Kalman filter, and machine learning. Our findings suggest three important insights. First, the effective growth rate of covid-19 infections dropped in response to the approximate dates of key policy interventions. We find that the change points for spreading rates approximately coincide with the timelines of policy interventions across respective countries. Second, forecasted trend until mid-June in the USA was downward trending, stable, and linear. Sweden is likely\u00a0to be heading in the other direction. That is, Sweden's forecasted trend until mid-June appears to be non-linear and upward trending. Canada appears to fall somewhere in the middle-the\u00a0trend for the same period is flat. Third, a Kalman filter based robustness check indicates that by mid-June the USA will likely have close to two million virus cases, while Sweden will likely have over 44,000 covid-19 cases. We show that drop in effective growth rate of covid-19 infections was sharper in the case of stringent policies (USA and Canada) but was more gradual in the case of relaxed policy (Sweden). Our study exhorts policy makers to take these results into account as they consider the implications of relaxing lockdown measures."}, {"pmid": 32396996, "pmcid": "PMC7272948", "title": "Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and mechanisms of immunopathological changes in COVID-19.", "journal": "Allergy", "authors": ["Azkur, Ahmet Kursat", "Akdis, Mubeccel", "Azkur, Dilek", "Sokolowska, Milena", "van de Veen, Willem", "Bruggen, Marie-Charlotte", "O'Mahony, Liam", "Gao, Yadong", "Nadeau, Kari", "Akdis, Cezmi A"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32396996", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a zoonotic disease that has already spread globally to several million human beings and possibly to domestic and wild animals, eradication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appears practically impossible. There is a pressing need to improve our understanding of the immunology of this disease to contain the pandemic by developing vaccines and medicines for the prevention and treatment of patients. In this review, we aim to improve our understanding on the immune response and immunopathological changes in patients linked to detoriating clinical conditions such as, cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome, autopsy findings and changes in acute phase reactants and serum biochemistry in COVID-19. Similar to many other viral infections, asymptomatic disease is present in a significant but currently unknown fraction of the affected individuals.In the majority of the patients, a one-week, self-limiting viral respiratory disease typically occurs, which ends with the development of neutralizing anti-viral T cell and antibody immunity. The IgM, IgA and IgG type virus-specific antibodies levels are important measurements to predict population immunity against this disease and whether cross-reactivity with other coronaviruses is taking place.High viral-load during the first infection and repeated exposure to virus especially in healthcare workers can be an important factor for severity of disease. It should be noted that many aspects of severe patients are unique to COVID-19 and are rarely observed in other respiratory viral infections, such as severe lymphopenia and eosinopenia, extensive pneumonia and lung tissue damage, a cytokine storm leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure. Lymphopenia causes a defect in antiviral and immune regulatory immunity. At the same time, a cytokine storm starts with extensive activation of cytokine-secreting cells with innate and adaptive immune mechanisms both of with contribute to a poor prognosis. Elevated levels of acute phase reactants and lymphopenia are early predictors of high disease severity. Prevention of development to severe disease, cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome and novel approachs to prevent their development will be main routes for future research areas. As we learn to live amidst the virus, understanding the immunology of the disease can assist in containing the pandemic and in developing vaccines and medicines to prevent and treat individual patients."}, {"pmid": 32165057, "pmcid": "PMC7134524", "title": "[The novel coronavirus Covid-19: What are the ophthalmic risks?]", "journal": "J Fr Ophtalmol", "authors": ["Tahiri Joutei Hassani, R", "Sandali, O"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32165057", "topics": ["Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32291632, "pmcid": "PMC7155950", "title": "Social distancing: implications for the operating room in the face of COVID-19.", "journal": "Can J Anaesth", "authors": ["Prin, Meghan", "Bartels, Karsten"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291632", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250482, "title": "Mitigating and learning from the impact of COVID-19 infection on addictive disorders.", "journal": "Addiction", "authors": ["Marsden, John", "Darke, Shane", "Hall, Wayne", "Hickman, Matt", "Holmes, John", "Humphreys, Keith", "Neale, Joanne", "Tucker, Jalie", "West, Robert"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250482", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32112082, "title": "A Well Infant with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) with High Viral Load.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Kam, Kai-Qian", "Yung, Chee Fu", "Cui, Lin", "Lin Tzer Pin, Raymond", "Mak, Tze Minn", "Maiwald, Matthias", "Li, Jiahui", "Chong, Chia Yin", "Nadua, Karen", "Tan, Natalie Woon Hui", "Thoon, Koh Cheng"], "date": "2020-03-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32112082", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A well 6-month-old infant with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had persistently positive nasopharyngeal swabs to day 16 of admission. This case highlights the difficulties in establishing the true incidence of COVID-19 as asymptomatic individuals can excrete the virus. These patients may play important roles in human-to-human transmission in the community."}, {"pmid": 32500853, "title": "The Peru Approach against the COVID-19 Infodemic: Insights and Strategies.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Alvarez-Risco, Aldo", "Mejia, Christian R", "Delgado-Zegarra, Jaime", "Del-Aguila-Arcentales, Shyla", "Arce-Esquivel, Arturo A", "Valladares-Garrido, Mario J", "Rosas Del Portal, Mauricio", "Villegas, Leon F", "Curioso, Walter H", "Sekar, M Chandra", "Yanez, Jaime A"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32500853", "countries": ["Peru"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 epidemic has spawned an \"infodemic,\" with excessive and unfounded information that hinders an appropriate public health response. This perspective describes a selection of COVID-19 fake news that originated in Peru and the government's response to this information. Unlike other countries, Peru was relatively successful in controlling the infodemic possibly because of the implementation of prison sentences for persons who created and shared fake news. We believe that similar actions by other countries in collaboration with social media companies may offer a solution to the infodemic problem."}, {"pmid": 32464654, "title": "Equitable Pandemic Preparedness and Rapid Response: Lessons from COVID-19 for Pandemic Health Equity.", "journal": "J Health Polit Policy Law", "authors": ["Alberti, Philip M", "Lantz, Paula M", "Wilkins, Consuelo H"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32464654", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus pandemic has set in high relief the entrenched health, social, racial, political, and economic inequities within American society as the incidence of severe morbidity and mortality from the disease caused by the virus appears to be much greater in Black and other racial/ethnic minority populations, within homeless and incarcerated populations, and in lower-income communities in general. The reality is that the U.S. is ill equipped to realize health equity in prevention and control efforts for any type of health outcome, including an infectious disease pandemic. In this article, we address an important question: When new waves of the current pandemic emerge or another novel pandemic emerges, how can the U.S. be better prepared and also ensure a rapid response that reduces rather than exacerbates social and health inequities? We argue for a health equity framework to pandemic preparedness, grounded in meaningful community engagement that, while recognizing the fundamental causes of social and health inequity, has a clear focus on upstream and midstream preparedness and downstream rapid response efforts that put social and health equity at the forefront."}, {"pmid": 32369434, "title": "Acute Parotitis: A Possible Precocious Clinical Manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection?", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32369434", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275074, "pmcid": "PMC7262256", "title": "The clinical feature of silent infections of novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in Wenzhou.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["He, Guiqing", "Sun, Wenjie", "Fang, Peipei", "Huang, Jianping", "Gamber, Michelle", "Cai, Jing", "Wu, Jing"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275074", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Here were reported clinical features of silent infected COVID-19 patients. Our study showed that the prevalence of the silent infection of COVID-19 is 5.8% (95% CI: 3.4-9.9%), which is much higher than 1.2% which from the report in China CDC. The silent infection patients were more likely to be young adults, the patients without chronic disease. All of the cases in the presented study was found because they were traced as close contact of confirmed cases. Our study indicated that traced the close contract of confirmed case, long time self-quarantine, and screening is necessary to prevent the secondary cases in community. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32312584, "pmcid": "PMC7152882", "title": "Operating during the COVID-19 pandemic: How to reduce medical error.", "journal": "Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg", "authors": ["Ellis, R", "Hay-David, A G C", "Brennan, P A"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312584", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Our professional and private lives changed on March 11 2020 when the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the WHO. By March 16, surgical training was suspended, MRCS and FRCS examinations cancelled and all courses postponed. In theory, essential cancer surgery, emergency and trauma operating will continue. All elective, non-essential cases are currently cancelled. While we adapt to our new ways of working, we remind ourselves that surgeons are flexible, resilient and, ultimately, we are doctors in the first instance. We present a short article on operating during the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32259189, "title": "The Challenge of Preventing COVID-19 Spread in Correctional Facilities.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Rubin, Rita"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32259189", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425250, "pmcid": "PMC7227595", "title": "Pharmacological characteristics of patients infected with SARS-Cov-2 admitted to Intensive Care Unit in South of France.", "journal": "Therapie", "authors": ["Montastruc, Francois", "Romano, Charles", "Montastruc, Jean-Louis", "Silva, Stein", "Seguin, Thierry", "Minville, Vincent", "Georges, Bernard", "Riu-Poulenc, Beatrice", "Fourcade, Olivier"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425250", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32436403, "pmcid": "PMC7268879", "title": "Evidence that Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitors Should not be Discontinued Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Hypertension", "authors": ["Carey, Robert M", "Wang, Ji-Guang"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32436403", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32516795, "title": "Asthma and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Literature Review.", "journal": "Int Arch Allergy Immunol", "authors": ["Morais-Almeida, Mario", "Pite, Helena", "Aguiar, Rita", "Ansotegui, Ignacio", "Bousquet, Jean"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516795", "countries": ["United States", "United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Even though respiratory viruses are one of the most common triggers for asthma exacerbations, not all of these viruses affect patients equally. There is no strong evidence supporting that patients with asthma have a higher risk of becoming seriously ill from coronavirus disease 2019 (CO-VID-19), although recent reports from the USA and the UK suggest that asthma is much more common in children and adults with mild to severe COVID-19 than has previously been reported in Asia and in Europe. As in previous severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreaks, patients with asthma, especially children, appear to be less susceptible to the coronavirus with a low rate of asthma exacerbations. A different expression of viral receptors and T2 inflammation can be responsible for different outcomes. Future studies focused on asthma and on other allergic disorders are needed to provide a greater understanding of the impact of underlying asthma and allergic inflammation on COVID-19 susceptibility and disease severity. However, for the moment, it is crucial that asthmatic patients maintain their controller medication, from inhaled corticosteroids to biologics, without making any dose adjustments on their own or stopping the medication. New data are emerging daily, rapidly updating our understanding of this novel coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32523140, "title": "Telemedicine as an instrument for cardiological consultation during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Roldan-Gomez, Francisco J", "Jordan-Rios, Antonio", "Alvarez-Sangabriel, Amada", "Guizar-Sanchez, Carlos", "Perez-de-Isla, Leopoldo", "Lasses-Ojeda, Luis A", "Dominguez-Rivera, David U", "Correa-Carrera, Ramiro P", "Cossio-Aranda, Jorge E"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523140", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Telemedicine is an underused instrument along our healthcare systems. It\u00b4s a technological tool that optimizes resources, save money, expands our capacities, decongests our traditional medical services and is an invaluable help for teaching and research. The COVID-19 pandemic is forcing us to expand its use and it gives us the opportunity to design an appropriate implementation."}, {"pmid": 32515394, "title": "Mental health in the aftermath of COVID-19: A new normal.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Naqvi, Haider A"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515394", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic with its subsequent mental health consequences has challenged the word view of most people. A genome typically of 26,000-32,000 bases long RNA has shut down the wheel of man made progress. The social isolation after the lock-down has not only led to economic difficulties but also adverse psychological reactions. The most common reaction is stress, anxiety and depression when faced with life-threatening circumstances. People have to deal with the imminent issue of death which is anxiety provoking in itself. This calls for dealing with the immediate mental health consequences with the aide of technological advancements as discussed in this write-up. A new inter-personal ethics need to emerge which is scientifically correct and in-line with age old values."}, {"pmid": 32505244, "title": "Offline: COVID-19 and the ethics of memory.", "journal": "Lancet", "authors": ["Horton, Richard"], "date": "2020-06-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32505244", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353537, "pmcid": "PMC7184971", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak: Single-Center Experience in Neurosurgical and Neuroradiologic Emergency Network Tailoring.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Agosti, Edoardo", "Giorgianni, Andrea", "Pradella, Rita", "Locatelli, Davide"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353537", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32529643, "title": "Mechanisms and evidence of vertical transmission of infections in pregnancy including SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Prenat Diagn", "authors": ["Mahyuddin, A P", "Kanneganti, A", "Wong, Jlj", "Dimri, P Sharma", "Su, L L", "Biswas, A", "Illanes, S E", "Mattar, Cnz", "Huang, Ry-J", "Choolani, M"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32529643", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There remain unanswered questions concerning mother-to-child-transmission (MTCT) of SARS-CoV-2. Despite reports of neonatal COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 has not been consistently isolated in perinatal samples thus, definitive proof of transplacental infection is still lacking. To address these questions, we assessed investigative tools used to confirm maternal-fetal infection and known protective mechanisms of the placental barrier that prevent transplacental pathogen migration. Forty studies of COVID-19 pregnancies reviewed suggest a lack of consensus on diagnostic strategy for congenital infection. While RT-PCR of neonatal swabs was universally performed, a wide range of clinical samples was screened including vaginal secretions (22.5%), amniotic fluid (35%), breast milk (22.5%) and umbilical cord blood. Neonatal COVID-19 was reported in eight studies, two of which were based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgM in neonatal blood. Histological examination demonstrated sparse viral particles, vascular malperfusion and inflammation in the placenta from pregnant women with COVID-19. The paucity of placental co-expression of ACE-2 and TMPRSS2, two receptors involved in cytoplasmic entry of SARS-CoV-2, may explain its relative insensitivity to transplacental infection. Viral interactions may utilise membrane receptors other than ACE-2 thus, tissue susceptibility may be broader than currently known. Further spatial-temporal studies are needed to determine the true potential for transplacental migration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32258207, "pmcid": "PMC7111600", "title": "High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin as a Therapeutic Option for Deteriorating Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Open Forum Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cao, Wei", "Liu, Xiaosheng", "Bai, Tao", "Fan, Hongwei", "Hong, Ke", "Song, Hui", "Han, Yang", "Lin, Ling", "Ruan, Lianguo", "Li, Taisheng"], "date": "2020-04-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32258207", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly in China. Until now, no definite effective treatment has been identified. We reported on 3 patients with severe COVID-19 who received high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) with satisfactory recovery. Based on these observations, randomized studies of high-dose IVIg should be considered in deteriorating patients infected with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32285510, "title": "Coronavirus and JMFT: An Editor's Note.", "journal": "J Marital Fam Ther", "authors": ["Harris, Steven M"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285510", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32327763, "pmcid": "PMC7177118", "title": "Are your cash-flow tools recession ready?", "journal": "Bus Horiz", "authors": ["Mullins, John"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327763", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In good times like those most businesses have enjoyed for the past decade, business owners have typically watched their income statements with pleasure, as year-to-year performance gains have fattened their dividend payouts and increased the valuation of the companies they own and run. All too often in such times, scant attention is paid to what's between the top line and the bottom line of the income statement. Worse, most business owners, in my experience, give little more than a cursory nod to the balance sheet. Why does this matter? When a recession lands on their doorstep with a sudden thud, as it apparently just has, many of these same people will find themselves having sailed too close to the wind, with cash running out and a dearth of tools to help them weather the storm and understand what has gone wrong. But it need not be so, for there are four simple tools to help any business owner answer these four important questions: (1) Where is cash going in my business, and where is it coming from? (2) To what extent are my profit margins improving or declining, and why? (3) To what extent am I effectively managing the cash-flow relationships with my customers and my suppliers? (4) What, if anything, can I do to better manage the cash that flows into and out of my business? If your business is threatened by the COVID-19 pandemic, here are some tools to help it survive."}, {"pmid": 32317038, "pmcid": "PMC7198462", "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: Health System and Community Response to a Text Message (Text4Hope) Program Supporting Mental Health in Alberta.", "journal": "Disaster Med Public Health Prep", "authors": ["Agyapong, Vincent I O"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317038", "countries": ["Canada"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to support the mental health of Albertans during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Alberta Health Services launched a supportive text message (Text4Mood) program on March 23, 2020. The program was simultaneously approved for funding by the 6 regional health foundations and launched within 1 week of conception. Residents of Alberta can subscribe to the program by texting \"COVID19HOPE\" to a sort code number. Each subscriber receives free daily supportive text messages, for 3 months, crafted by a team of clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, mental health therapist, and mental health service users. Within 1 week of the launch of Text4Hope, 32 805 subscribers had signed up to the program, and there have been expressions of interests from other jurisdictions to implement a similar program to support the mental health of those in quarantine, isolation, or lockdown."}, {"pmid": 32313170, "pmcid": "PMC7169374", "title": "Reorganize and survive-a recommendation for healthcare services affected by COVID-19-the ophthalmology experience.", "journal": "Eye (Lond)", "authors": ["Petrovski, Beata Eva", "Lumi, Xhevat", "Znaor, Ljubo", "Ivastinovic, Domagoj", "Confalonieri, Filippo", "Petrovic, Mojca Globocnik", "Petrovski, Goran"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313170", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32166350, "pmcid": "PMC7080004", "title": "[Recommendations for critically ill patients with COVID-19].", "journal": "Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed", "authors": ["Kluge, Stefan", "Janssens, Uwe", "Welte, Tobias", "Weber-Carstens, Steffen", "Marx, Gernot", "Karagiannidis, Christian"], "date": "2020-03-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32166350", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473137, "pmcid": "PMC7255228", "title": "COVID-19 lockdown of Roma settlements in Slovakia.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Holt, Ed"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473137", "countries": ["Slovakia", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32482087, "title": "Incidence of New-Onset and Worsening Heart Failure Before and After the COVID-19 Epidemic Lockdown in Denmark: A Nationwide Cohort Study.", "journal": "Circ Heart Fail", "authors": ["Andersson, Charlotte", "Gerds, Thomas", "Fosbol, Emil", "Phelps, Matthew", "Andersen, Julie", "Lamberts, Morten", "Holt, Anders", "Butt, Jawad H", "Madelaire, Christian", "Gislason, Gunnar", "Torp-Pedersen, Christian", "Kober, Lars", "Schou, Morten"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32482087", "countries": ["Denmark"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Danish government ordered a public lockdown on March 12, 2020, because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We investigated the immediate consequences of such a lockdown for patients with heart failure (HF). Using the Danish nationwide administrative databases, we investigated the incidence of new-onset HF and hospitalizations for worsening HF before and after the lockdown (January 1 to March 11 versus March 12 to March 31) in 2020 versus 2019. We also investigated the mortality for all patients with HF and in COVID-19-infected patients with HF. Rates of new-onset HF between January 1 and March 11 were comparable for 2020 and 2019 (1.83 versus 1.78 per 10 000 person-years; P=0.19), while hospitalizations for worsening HF were slightly higher in 2020 versus 2019 (1.04 versus 0.93 per 1000 person-years; P=0.02). In the lockdown period, rates of new-onset HF diagnoses (1.26 versus 2.25 per 1000 person-years) and of hospitalizations for worsening HF (0.63 versus 0.99 per 1000 person-years) were significantly lower in 2020 versus 2019 (P for both, <0.0001). Mortality was similar before and after the national lockdown for the population with HF. We observed 90 HF patients with diagnosed COVID-19 infection, of whom 37% (95% CI, 23%-50%) died within 15 days. The number of patients hospitalized with worsening HF or diagnosed with new-onset HF was markedly reduced after lockdown but has not yet impacted mortality in HF patients at a population-based level. However, these data raise concerns for a potential undertreatment of HF currently that may impact prognosis in the longer term."}, {"pmid": 32494566, "pmcid": "PMC7258883", "title": "The Impact of Social Distancing on the Transmission of Influenza Virus, South Korea, 2020.", "journal": "Osong Public Health Res Perspect", "authors": ["Choe, Young June", "Lee, Jong-Koo"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494566", "countries": ["Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32472703, "title": "COVID-19 pneumonia treated with Sarilumab: a clinical series of eight patients.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Benucci, Maurizio", "Giannasi, Gianfranco", "Cecchini, Paolo", "Gobbi, Francesca Li", "Damiani, Arianna", "Grossi, Valentina", "Infantino, Maria", "Manfredi, Mariangela"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32472703", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The development of cytokine release syndrome and T cell abnormalities plays a key role in the progression of Coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19). Under these circumstances, persistent viral stimulation leads to a significant increase in circulating cytokines such as interleukin (IL) -6, IL-10 and TNF-\u03b1. We describe a clinical series of eight patients treated with Sarilumab an IL-6R inhibitor administered early in Covid-19 pneumonia. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32283285, "pmcid": "PMC7194542", "title": "Adoption of personal protective measures by ordinary citizens during the COVID-19 outbreak in Japan.", "journal": "Int J Infect Dis", "authors": ["Machida, Masaki", "Nakamura, Itaru", "Saito, Reiko", "Nakaya, Tomoki", "Hanibuchi, Tomoya", "Takamiya, Tomoko", "Odagiri, Yuko", "Fukushima, Noritoshi", "Kikuchi, Hiroyuki", "Kojima, Takako", "Watanabe, Hidehiro", "Inoue, Shigeru"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283285", "countries": ["Japan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To clarify the implementation status of personal protective measures by ordinary citizens in Japan during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. This was a cross-sectional study based on internet-based survey. A total of 2400 people (50% male: 20-79 years) were selected between February 25 and 27, 2020, from registrants of an Internet research company, to complete a questionnaire. Participants were asked to indicate how often they implemented the following five personal protective measures recommended by the World Health Organization (hand hygiene, social distancing measures, avoiding touching the eyes, nose and mouth, respiratory etiquette, and self-isolation). In addition, the participants responded to questions regarding the daily frequency of hand hygiene events. The prevalence of the five personal protective measures ranged from 59.8% to 83.8%, with the lowest being avoiding touching the eyes, nose, and mouth. In total, 34.7% implemented all personal protective measures. The median daily hand hygiene events were 5 per day (25th percentile, 75th percentile: 3,8). The protective measures implemented by ordinary citizens are insufficient and further public awareness activities are required."}, {"pmid": 32433365, "pmcid": "PMC7273946", "title": "Gambling during the COVID-19 crisis - A cause for concern?", "journal": "J Addict Med", "authors": ["Hakansson, Anders", "Fernandez-Aranda, Fernando", "Menchon, Jose M", "Potenza, Marc N", "Jimenez-Murcia, Susana"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433365", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ": The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to worsen mental health problems in the general population, including increasing engagement in addictive behaviors. Here, we describe observations suggesting that the current crisis and its sequelae may worsen problem gambling. The current pandemic may impact financial and psychological well-being due to social isolation during spatial distancing, and these stressors in conjunction with substantial changes in gambling markets (land-based, online) during the pandemic may significantly influence gambling behaviors. This situation calls for rapid research initiatives in this area and preventive and regulatory measures by multiple stakeholders."}, {"pmid": 32303403, "pmcid": "PMC7152884", "title": "Ways of Protecting Religious Older Adults from the Consequences of COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Geriatr Psychiatry", "authors": ["Koenig, Harold G"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303403", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32402930, "pmcid": "PMC7198989", "title": "Letter to the editors in response to: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be harmful in patients with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic (Cure et al.).", "journal": "Diabetes Metab Syndr", "authors": ["Ekiz, Timur", "Kara, Murat", "Ozcakar, Levent"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32402930", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32278365, "pmcid": "PMC7146704", "title": "Delayed access or provision of care in Italy resulting from fear of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Lazzerini, Marzia", "Barbi, Egidio", "Apicella, Andrea", "Marchetti, Federico", "Cardinale, Fabio", "Trobia, Gianluca"], "date": "2020-04-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32278365", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301765, "pmcid": "PMC7236855", "title": "Ophthalmology and Glaucoma Practice in the COVID-19 Era.", "journal": "J Glaucoma", "authors": ["Liebmann, Jeffrey M"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301765", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32314805, "pmcid": "PMC7264580", "title": "CT imaging features of 4121 patients with COVID-19: A meta-analysis.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Zhu, Jieyun", "Zhong, Zhimei", "Li, Hongyuan", "Ji, Pan", "Pang, Jielong", "Li, Bocheng", "Zhang, Jianfeng"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314805", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We systematically reviewed the computed tomography (CT) imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) to provide reference for clinical practice. Our article comprehensively searched PubMed, FMRS, EMbase, CNKI, WanFang databases, and VIP databases to collect literatures about the CT imaging features of COVID-19 from 1 January\u00a0to 16 March 2020. Three reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias of included studies, and then, this meta-analysis was performed by using Stata12.0 software. A total of 34 retrospective studies involving a total of 4121 patients with COVID-19 were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that most patients presented bilateral lung involvement (73.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 65.9%-81.1%) or multilobar involvement (67.3%, 95% CI: 54.8%-78.7%) and just little patients showed normal CT findings (8.4%). We found that the most common changes in lesion density were ground-glass opacities (68.1%, 95% CI: 56.9%-78.2%). Other changes in density included air bronchogram sign (44.7%), crazy-paving pattern (35.6%), and consolidation (32.0%). Patchy (40.3%), spider web sign (39.5%), cord-like (36.8%), and nodular (20.5%) were common lesion shapes in patients with COVID-19. Pleural thickening (27.1%) was found in some patients. Lymphadenopathy (5.4%) and pleural effusion (5.3%) were rare. The lung lesions of patients with COVID-19 were mostly bilateral lungs or multilobar involved. The most common chest CT findings were patchy and ground-glass opacities. Some patients had air bronchogram, spider web sign, and cord-like. Lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion were rare."}, {"pmid": 32439822, "title": "Pearls and Oy-sters: Facial nerve palsy as a neurological manifestation of Covid-19 infection.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Goh, Yihui", "Beh, Darius L L", "Makmur, Andrew", "Somani, Jyoti", "Chan, Amanda C Y"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439822", "topics": ["NONE", "Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380154, "pmcid": "PMC7198432", "title": "Personal Protective Equipment for Common Urologic Procedures Before and During the United States COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Institution Study.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Sobel, David", "Gn, Martus", "O'Rourke, Timothy K Jr", "Tucci, Chris", "Pareek, Gyan", "Golijanin, Dragan", "Elsamra, Sammy"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380154", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate the personal protective equipment (PPE) utilized in common urologic procedures before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in the United States. As elective urologic procedures are being reduced to conserve resources, we sought to quantify the PPE used per case to determine the impact on potentially limited resources needed for protecting healthcare providers treating COVID-19 patients. An IRB approved retrospective analysis of all urologic procedures in March 2019 and March 2020 was performed. Additionally, all urologic procedures performed by vascular interventional radiology (VIR) in May 2019 and March 2020 were included in the analysis. Case length, surgical and operating room staff present and number of articles of PPE were quantified. Articles of PPE were defined as surgical bonnet/hat and mask, and disposable or reusable gown with 1 pair of surgical gloves. Four hundred and thirty-seven urologic and VIR procedures were included in the analysis. The mean PPE per case varied significantly between endoscopic and robotic categories. Robotic assisted laparoscopic cystectomy required the most hats and masks (14.5 per case in March 2019) whereas percutaneous nephrostomy tube placement by VIR required the fewest (3.1 in May 2019 and March 2020). PPE consumption varied significantly across urologic procedures. Robotic-assisted cases require the most PPE and percutaneous nephrostomy placement by VIR requires the fewest. While PPE shortages are currently being addressed national and internationally, our results provide a baseline benchmark for articles of PPE required should another pandemic or global disaster requiring careful attention to resource allocation occur in the future."}, {"pmid": 32533107, "title": "Publisher Correction: Risk factors for death from COVID-19.", "journal": "Nat Rev Immunol", "authors": ["Esai Selvan, Myvizhi"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32533107", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper."}, {"pmid": 32241929, "title": "Infect volunteers to speed a coronavirus vaccine?", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Cohen, Jon"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241929", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32078810, "pmcid": "PMC7128282", "title": "Challenges of coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["The Lancet Infectious Diseases"], "date": "2020-02-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32078810", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32304402, "pmcid": "PMC7173027", "title": "The Performance of Chest CT in Evaluating the Clinical Severity of COVID-19 Pneumonia: Identifying Critical Cases Based on CT Characteristics.", "journal": "Invest Radiol", "authors": ["Lyu, Peijie", "Liu, Xing", "Zhang, Rui", "Shi, Lei", "Gao, Jianbo"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32304402", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to assess the clinical severity of COVID-19 pneumonia using qualitative and/or quantitative chest computed tomography (CT) indicators and identify the CT characteristics of critical cases. Fifty-one patients with COVID-19 pneumonia including ordinary cases (group A, n = 12), severe cases (group B, n = 15), and critical cases (group C, n = 24) were retrospectively enrolled. The qualitative and quantitative indicators from chest CT were recorded and compared using Fisher exact test, one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and receiver operating characteristic analysis. Depending on the severity of the disease, the number of involved lung segments and lobes, the frequencies of consolidation, crazy-paving pattern, and air bronchogram increased in more severe cases. Qualitative indicators including total severity score for the whole lung and total score for crazy-paving and consolidation could distinguish groups B and C from A (69% sensitivity, 83% specificity, and 73% accuracy) but were similar between group B and group C. Combined qualitative and quantitative indicators could distinguish these 3 groups with high sensitivity (B + C vs A, 90%; C vs B, 92%), specificity (100%, 87%), and accuracy (92%, 90%). Critical cases had higher total severity score (>10) and higher total score for crazy-paving and consolidation (>4) than ordinary cases, and had higher mean lung density (>-779 HU) and full width at half maximum (>128 HU) but lower relative volume of normal lung density (\u226650%) than ordinary/severe cases. In our critical cases, 8 patients with relative volume of normal lung density smaller than 40% received mechanical ventilation for supportive treatment, and 2 of them had died. A rapid, accurate severity assessment of COVID-19 pneumonia based on chest CT would be feasible and could provide help for making management decisions, especially for the critical cases."}, {"pmid": 32365556, "title": "Pharmacological (or Synthetic) and Nutritional Agonists of PPAR-gamma as Candidates for Cytokine Storm Modulation in COVID-19 Disease.", "journal": "Molecules", "authors": ["Ciavarella, Carmen", "Motta, Ilenia", "Valente, Sabrina", "Pasquinelli, Gianandrea"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365556", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The cytokine storm is an abnormal production of inflammatory cytokines, due to the over-activation of the innate immune response. This mechanism has been recognized as a critical mediator of influenza-induced lung disease, and it could be pivotal for COVID-19 infections. Thus, an immunomodulatory approach targeting the over-production of cytokines could be proposed for viral aggressive pulmonary disease treatment. In this regard, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-\u03b3, a member of the PPAR transcription factor family, could represent a potential target. Beside the well-known regulatory role on lipid and glucose metabolism, PPAR-\u03b3 also represses the inflammatory process. Similarly, the PPAR-\u03b3 agonist thiazolidinediones (TZDs), like pioglitazone, are anti-inflammatory drugs with ameliorating effects on severe viral pneumonia. In addition to the pharmacological agonists, also nutritional ligands of PPAR-\u03b3, like curcuma, lemongrass, and pomegranate, possess anti-inflammatory properties through PPAR-\u03b3 activation. Here, we review the main synthetic and nutritional PPAR-\u03b3 ligands, proposing a dual approach based on the strengthening of the immune system using pharmacological and dietary strategies as an attempt to prevent/treat cytokine storm in the case of coronavirus infection."}, {"pmid": 32370981, "pmcid": "PMC7174183", "title": "[Evolution of electro-convulsive therapy activity in France since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Amad, A", "Magnat, M", "Quiles, C", "Yrondi, A", "Sauvaget, A", "Bulteau, S", "Plaze, M", "Rotharmel, M", "Polosan, M", "Levy-Chavagnat, D", "Jaafari, N", "Vaiva, G", "Thomas, P"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32370981", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent COVID-19 pandemic has led to major organisational changes in health care settings, especially in psychiatric hospitals. We conducted a national online survey to assess the evolution of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the different centres practicing this treatment. 65 responses from all over France were analysed. More than 90\u00a0% of the centres practising ECT experienced a decrease in their activity. Half of the centres experienced a total cessation of activity and 25\u00a0% of the centres experienced a decrease of more than half of their usual activity. Post-pandemic COVID-19 psychiatric care is expected to be difficult. It is essential not to add to this difficulty the complications, often serious, that will be associated with delaying or stopping the practice of ECT. It will also be necessary to remain vigilant with regard to the specific neuropsychiatric consequences that will follow the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32508398, "pmcid": "PMC7261113", "title": "Mathematical modeling of COVID-19 fatality trends: Death kinetics law versus infection-to-death delay rule.", "journal": "Chaos Solitons Fractals", "authors": ["Scheiner, Stefan", "Ukaj, Niketa", "Hellmich, Christian"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32508398", "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has world-widely motivated numerous attempts to properly adjust classical epidemiological models, namely those of the SEIR-type, to the spreading characteristics of the novel Corona virus. In this context, the fundamental structure of the differential equations making up the SEIR models has remained largely unaltered-presuming that COVID-19 may be just \"another epidemic\". We here take an alternative approach, by investigating the relevance of one key ingredient of the SEIR models, namely the death kinetics law. The latter is compared to an alternative approach, which we call infection-to-death delay rule. For that purpose, we check how well these two mathematical formulations are able to represent the publicly available country-specific data on recorded fatalities, across a selection of 57 different nations. Thereby, we consider that the model-governing parameters-namely, the death transmission coefficient for the death kinetics model, as well as the apparent fatality-to-case fraction and the characteristic fatal illness period for the infection-to-death delay rule-are time-invariant. For 55 out of the 57 countries, the infection-to-death delay rule turns out to represent the actual situation significantly more precisely than the classical death kinetics rule. We regard this as an important step towards making SEIR-approaches more fit for the COVID-19 spreading prediction challenge."}, {"pmid": 32358882, "pmcid": "PMC7261973", "title": "Comment on \"Antipsoriatic treatments during COVID-19 outbreak\".", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Abdelmaksoud, Ayman", "Goldust, Mohamad", "Vestita, Michelangelo"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358882", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32325474, "title": "Changes to management of a non-pandemic illness during the COVID-19 pandemic: case study of invasive management of acute coronary syndrome.", "journal": "N Z Med J", "authors": ["Coffey, Sean", "Moynagh, Anouska", "Green, Belinda", "Edmond, John", "Wilkins, Gerard T", "Pemberton, James", "Wilkins, Ben", "Williams, Michael Ja", "Arnold, Brendan"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32325474", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires significant changes to standard operating procedures for non-COVID-19 related illnesses. Balancing the benefit from standard evidence-based treatments with the risks posed by COVID-19 to patients, healthcare workers and to the population at large is difficult due to incomplete and rapidly changing information. In this article, we use management of acute coronary syndromes as a case study to show how these competing risks and benefits can be resolved, albeit incompletely. While the risks due to COVID-19 in patients with acute coronary syndromes is unclear, the benefits of standard management are well established in this condition. As an aid to decision making, we recommend systematic estimation of the risks and benefits for management of any condition where there is likely to be an increase in non-COVID-19 related mortality and morbidity due to changes in routine care."}, {"pmid": 32271871, "title": "Ensuring Access to Medications in the US During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Alexander, G Caleb", "Qato, Dima M"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271871", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32440979, "pmcid": "PMC7241064", "title": "Assessing disability and relapses in multiple sclerosis on tele-neurology.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Moccia, Marcello", "Lanzillo, Roberta", "Brescia Morra, Vincenzo", "Bonavita, Simona", "Tedeschi, Gioacchino", "Leocani, Letizia", "Lavorgna, Luigi"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32440979", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As a consequence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, a large amount of consultations will be delivered through tele-medicine, especially for diseases causing chronic disability and requiring immunomodulatory treatments, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). We have hereby reviewed available tools for tele-neurology examination in MS, including components of neurological examination that can be assessed through video, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), and digital technology. Overall, we have suggested a battery for assessing MS disability and relapses on tele-medicine, which brings together conventional examination, PROMs (e.g., Patient Determined Disease Steps, MS Impact Scale), and cognitive tests (Symbol Digit Modalities Test) that can be delivered remotely and in multiple languages. The use of common tools for neurological examination could improve tele-neurology practice for both general neurologists and MS specialists, and quality of care for people with MS."}, {"pmid": 32412815, "title": "COVID 19: Designing and conducting an online mini-multiple interview (MMI) in a dynamic landscape.", "journal": "Med Teach", "authors": ["Cleland, Jennifer", "Chu, Jowe", "Lim, Samuel", "Low, Jamie", "Low-Beer, Naomi", "Kwek, Tong Kiat"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412815", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic presented numerous, significant challenges for medical schools, including how to select the best candidates from a pool of applicants when social distancing and other measures prevented \"business as usual\" admissions processes. However, selection into medical school is the gateway to medicine in many countries, and it is critical to use processes which are evidence-based, valid and reliable even under challenging circumstances. Our challenge was to plan and conduct a multiple-mini interview (MMI) in a dynamic and stringent safe distancing context.Methods: This paper reports a case study of how to plan, re-plan and conduct MMIs in an environment where substantially tighter safe distancing measures were introduced just before the MMI was due to be delivered.Results: We report on how to design and implement a fully remote, online MMI which ensured the safety of candidates and assessors.Discussion: We discuss the challenges of this approach and also reflect on broader issues associated with selection into medical school during a pandemic. The aim of the paper is to provide broadly generalizable guidance to other medical schools faced with the challenge of selecting future students under difficult conditions."}, {"pmid": 32470608, "pmcid": "PMC7255196", "title": "Letter to the Editor Regarding 'Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Neurosurgery: Literature and Neurosurgical Societies Recommendations Update'.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Marini, Alessandra", "Iacoangeli, Maurizio", "Dobran, Mauro"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470608", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32238585, "title": "Isolation and Full-Length Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 from COVID-19 Cases in Northern Italy.", "journal": "J Virol", "authors": ["Licastro, Danilo", "Rajasekharan, Sreejith", "Dal Monego, Simeone", "Segat, Ludovica", "D'Agaro, Pierlanfranco", "Marcello, Alessandro"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32238585", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32358142, "title": "Neonatal Management During the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak: The Chinese Experience.", "journal": "Neoreviews", "authors": ["Ma, Xiaolu", "Zhu, Jiajun", "Du, Lizhong"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32358142", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32347745, "pmcid": "PMC7196891", "title": "Ethical aspects of the COVID-19 crisis: How to deal with an overwhelming shortage of acute beds.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care", "authors": ["Vincent, Jean-Louis", "Creteur, Jacques"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32347745", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has and continues to put huge pressure on intensive care units (ICUs) worldwide. Many patients with COVID-19 require some form of respiratory support and often have prolonged ICU stays, which results in a critical shortage of ICU beds. It is therefore not always physically possible to treat all the patients who require intensive care, raising major ethical dilemmas related to which patients should benefit from the limited resources and which should not. Here we consider some of the approaches to the acute shortages seen during this and other epidemics, including some guidelines for triaging ICU admissions and treatments."}, {"pmid": 32394639, "title": "COVID-19 and comorbidities: A role for dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) in disease severity?", "journal": "J Diabetes", "authors": ["Bassendine, Margaret F", "Bridge, Simon H", "McCaughan, Geoffrey W", "Gorrell, Mark D"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394639", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a novel betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), similar to SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), which cause acute respiratory distress syndrome and case fatalities. COVID-19 disease severity is worse in older obese patients with comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and chronic lung disease. Cell binding and entry of betacoronaviruses is via their surface spike glycoprotein; SARS-CoV binds to the metalloprotease angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), MERS-CoV utilizes dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), and recent modeling of the structure of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein predicts that it can interact with human DPP4 in addition to ACE2. DPP4 is a ubiquitous membrane-bound aminopeptidase that circulates in plasma; it is multifunctional with roles in nutrition, metabolism, and immune and endocrine systems. DPP4 activity differentially regulates glucose homeostasis and inflammation via its enzymatic activity and nonenzymatic immunomodulatory effects. The importance of DPP4 for the medical community has been highlighted by the approval of DPP4 inhibitors, or gliptins, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. This review discusses the dysregulation of DPP4 in COVID-19 comorbid conditions; DPP4 activity is higher in older individuals and increased plasma DPP4 is a predictor of the onset of metabolic syndrome. DPP4 upregulation may be a determinant of COVID-19 disease severity, which creates interest regarding the use of gliptins in management of COVID-19. Also, knowledge of the chemistry and biology of DPP4 could be utilized to develop novel therapies to block viral entry of some betacoronaviruses, potentially including SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32531476, "pmcid": "PMC7282733", "title": "Suggestions from Cremona, Italy - two months into the pandemic at the frontline of COVID-19 in Europe.", "journal": "Clin Microbiol Infect", "authors": ["Pan, Angelo", "Matteo, Giorgi-Pierfranceschi", "Giancarlo, Bosio", "Lorenzo, Cammelli", "Laura, Romanini"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531476", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32416119, "pmcid": "PMC7235562", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and acute cardiovascular disease management: A Chinese perspective on striking the balance.", "journal": "Resuscitation", "authors": ["Cao, Xiaojing", "Spratt, James C", "Jin, Zening"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416119", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405151, "pmcid": "PMC7219424", "title": "Mental health of scientists in the time of COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Chan, Christine", "Oey, Nicodemus Edrick", "Tan, Eng-King"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405151", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395787, "title": "First case of imported and confirmed COVID-19 in Tunisia.", "journal": "Tunis Med", "authors": ["Chakroun, Hajer", "Ben Lasfar, Nadia", "Fall, Salihou", "Maha, Abid", "El Moussi, Awatef", "Abid, Salma", "Rouis, Sana", "Bellazreg, Foued", "Abassi-Bakir, Dajla", "Bouafif Ben Alaya, Nissaf", "Boutiba Ben Boubaker, Ilhem", "Hachfi, Wissem", "Letaief, Amel"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395787", "countries": ["Tunisia"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455503, "title": "Face coverings for the public: Laying straw men to rest.", "journal": "J Eval Clin Pract", "authors": ["Greenhalgh, Trisha"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455503", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background This article responds to one by Graham Martin and colleagues, who offered a critique of my previous publications on face coverings for the lay public in the Covid-19 pandemic. Their paper reflects criticisms that have been made of face coverings policies more generally. Method Narrative rebuttal. Results I address charges that my coauthors and I had misapplied the precautionary principle; drawn conclusions that were not supported by empirical research; and failed to take account of potential harms But before that, I remind my critics that the evidence on face coverings goes beyond the contested trials and observational studies they place centre stage. I set out some key findings from basic science, epidemiology, mathematical modelling, case studies, and natural experiments, and use this rich and diverse body of evidence as the backdrop for my rebuttal of their narrowly framed objections. I challenge my critics' apparent assumption that a particular kind of systematic review should be valorised over narrative and real-world evidence, since stories are crucial to both our scientific understanding and our moral imagination. Conclusion I conclude by thanking my academic adversaries for the intellectual sparring match, but exhort them to remember our professional accountability to a society in crisis. It is time to lay straw men to rest and embrace the full range of evidence in the context of the perilous threat the world is now facing."}, {"pmid": 32515377, "title": "Clinical tools for cardiorespiratory assessment and rehabilitation: A primary care perspective.", "journal": "J Pak Med Assoc", "authors": ["Kalra, Arnav"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515377", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of people worldwide. It mainly affects the respiratory system, seen as pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cardiovascular manifestations have been observed in some patients. Hence, cardiorespiratory assessment is an important component of diagnosis, management and follow-up of this disease. Primary care is the first point of contact with the healthcare system for most patients. Therefore, methods for assessment and rehabilitation should be feasible in a primary care setting. This commentary aims to provide a primary care perspective on existing clinical tools for cardiorespiratory assessment and rehabilitation."}, {"pmid": 32473663, "pmcid": "PMC7255990", "title": "Ethnicity and COVID-19 in children with comorbidities.", "journal": "Lancet Child Adolesc Health", "authors": ["Harman, Katharine", "Verma, Anita", "Cook, James", "Radia, Trisha", "Zuckerman, Mark", "Deep, Akash", "Dhawan, Anil", "Gupta, Atul"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473663", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32133153, "pmcid": "PMC7040011", "title": "Comparative genetic analysis of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV/SARS-CoV-2) receptor ACE2 in different populations.", "journal": "Cell Discov", "authors": ["Cao, Yanan", "Li, Lin", "Feng, Zhimin", "Wan, Shengqing", "Huang, Peide", "Sun, Xiaohui", "Wen, Fang", "Huang, Xuanlin", "Ning, Guang", "Wang, Weiqing"], "date": "2020-03-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32133153", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32294297, "pmcid": "PMC7262315", "title": "The Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Bariatric Surgery: Redefining Psychosocial Care.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Sockalingam, Sanjeev", "Leung, Samantha E", "Cassin, Stephanie E"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32294297", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The global outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease has had a tremendous psychological impact on individuals around the world. Individuals with obesity are susceptible to distress and psychological sequalae secondary to this pandemic, which can have detrimental effects on obesity management. In particular, individuals undergoing bariatric surgery could experience increased emotional distress, resulting in increased eating psychopathology, mental health exacerbation, and difficulties with self-management. Addressing these challenges requires novel approaches to redefining psychosocial care before and after bariatric surgery. Emerging evidence suggests that the remote delivery of care using virtual care models, including mobile and online modalities, could extend the reach of psychosocial services to individuals after bariatric surgery and mitigate weight regain or impairment in quality of life. Because of this pandemic, the rapid integration of virtual psychosocial care in bariatric surgery programs to address patients' needs will create new opportunities for clinical and implementational scientific research."}, {"pmid": 32310914, "title": "[SARS-CoV-2 and the scientific community].", "journal": "G Ital Cardiol (Rome)", "authors": ["Di Pasquale, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32310914", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343510, "title": "COVID-19: are T lymphocytes simply watching?", "journal": "Panminerva Med", "authors": ["Saverino, Daniele"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343510", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353723, "pmcid": "PMC7252152", "title": "Early forecasting of the potential risk zones of COVID-19 in China's megacities.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Ren, Hongyan", "Zhao, Lu", "Zhang, An", "Song, Liuyi", "Liao, Yilan", "Lu, Weili", "Cui, Cheng"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353723", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide public health threat. Early and quick identification of the potential risk zones of COVID-19 infection is increasingly vital for the megacities implementing targeted infection prevention and control measures. In this study, the communities with confirmed cases during January 21-February 27 were collected and considered as the specific epidemic data for Beijing, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen. We evaluated the spatiotemporal variations of the epidemics before utilizing the ecological niche models (ENM) to assemble the epidemic data and nine socioeconomic variables for identifying the potential risk zones of this infection in these megacities. Three megacities were differentiated by the spatial patterns and quantities of infected communities, average cases per community, the percentages of imported cases, as well as the potential risks, although their COVID-19 infection situations have been preliminarily contained to date. With higher risks that were predominated by various influencing factors in each megacity, the potential risk zones coverd about 75% to 100% of currently infected communities. Our results demonstrate that the ENM method was capable of being employed as an early forecasting tool for identifying the potential COVID-19 infection risk zones on a fine scale. We suggest that local hygienic authorities should keep their eyes on the epidemic in each megacity for sufficiently implementing and adjusting their interventions in the zones with more residents or probably crowded places. This study would provide useful clues for relevant hygienic departments making quick responses to increasingly severe epidemics in similar megacities in the world."}, {"pmid": 32383582, "pmcid": "PMC7216762", "title": "When the Others Become Us: A Chemist's Perspective of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Italy.", "journal": "ACS Chem Biol", "authors": ["Kiessling, Laura", "MacLaughlin, Christina", "Sattin, Sara"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383582", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32473937, "pmcid": "PMC7256528", "title": "The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Urology Residency Program in Singapore.", "journal": "Urology", "authors": ["Tan, Yi Quan", "Wang, Ziting", "Tiong, Ho Yee", "Chiong, Edmund"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473937", "countries": ["Singapore"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32181911, "pmcid": "PMC7228247", "title": "Diagnostic utility of clinical laboratory data determinations for patients with the severe COVID-19.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Gao, Yong", "Li, Tuantuan", "Han, Mingfeng", "Li, Xiuyong", "Wu, Dong", "Xu, Yuanhong", "Zhu, Yulin", "Liu, Yan", "Wang, Xiaowu", "Wang, Linding"], "date": "2020-03-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32181911", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The role of clinical laboratory data in the differential diagnosis of the severe forms of COVID-19 has not been definitely established. The aim of this study was to look for the warning index in severe COVID-19 patients. We investigated 43 adult patients with COVID-19. The patients were classified into mild group (28 patients) and severe group (15 patients). A comparison of the hematological parameters between the mild and severe groups showed significant differences in interleukin-6 (IL-6), d-dimer (d-D), glucose, thrombin time, fibrinogen, and C-reactive protein (P\u2009<\u2009.05). The optimal threshold and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) of IL-6 were 24.3 and 0.795\u2009\u00b5g/L, respectively, while those of d-D were 0.28 and 0.750\u2009\u00b5g/L, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of IL-6 combined with d-D was 0.840. The specificity of predicting the severity of COVID-19 during IL-6 and d-D tandem testing was up to 93.3%, while the sensitivity of IL-6 and d-D by parallel test in the severe COVID-19 was 96.4%. IL-6 and d-D were closely related to the occurrence of severe COVID-19 in the adult patients, and their combined detection had the highest specificity and sensitivity for early prediction of the severity of COVID-19 patients, which has important clinical value."}, {"pmid": 32523136, "title": "Impact of COVID-19 on reperfusion strategies for acute coronary syndromes.", "journal": "Arch Cardiol Mex", "authors": ["Torres-Escobar, Gabriela", "Gonzalez-Pacheco, Hector", "Cruz, Jose Luis Briseno-De la", "Arias-Mendoza, Alexandra", "Araiza-Garaygordobil, Diego"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523136", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reperfusion therapy is a measure of care in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), which should be performed once we have the diagnosis. Percutaneous coronary intervention is considered the gold standard, however in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the reperfusion strategy is more focused on fibrinolytic therapy due to the shorter time required to perform and less exposure. This pandemic represents a contact problem in health personnel, since cases are increasing worldwide, so it is important to know the measures that must be followed to avoid coronavirus disease (COVID-19)."}, {"pmid": 32391675, "title": "[Analysis of medication characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine in treating COVID-19 based on data mining].", "journal": "Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban", "authors": ["Fan, Tiantian", "Chen, Yongcan", "Bai, Yu", "Ma, Fengqi", "Wang, Hengcang", "Yang, Yiping", "Chen, Jinxu", "Lin, Yuqi"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391675", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analysis the medication characteristics of the prescriptions issued via open channel by the National and Provincial Health Committee and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine in treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We collected the data of traditional Chinese medicine related to treatment plans published by the National and Provincial Health Committee and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine from the start of COVID-19 outbreak to February 19, 2020. The frequency analysis, cluster analysis and association analysis were performed. The study collected 4 national and 34 regional prevention and treatment plans, 578 items, 84 traditional Chinese formulations, 60 Chinese patent medicines, and 230 Chinese herbs. The high frequently used herbs were Liquorice, Scutellariabaicalensis, Semen armeniacaeamarae, and Gypsum. The commonly used traditional formulations included Maxing Shigan decoction, Yin Qiao powder, and Xuanbai Chengqi decoction. The Chinese patent drugs included Angong Niuhuang pill, Xuebijing injection, and Lianhua Qingwen capsule. The most common paired medications were Ephedra and Semen armeniacaeamarae, Fructusforsythiae and Liquorice. Two core combinations and one novel formula were discovered in the study. Yin Qiao powder and Huopo Xialing decoction are the basic formulations for Weifen syndrome of COVID-19. In addition, Maxing Shigan decoction, Liang Ge powder, Qingwen Baidu decoction and Da Yuan decoction are the basic formulations for Qifen syndrome of COVID-19. The main medication characteristics are clearing heat, entilating lung, removing toxicity and removing turbidity. It shows that removing toxicity and eliminating evil are the prescription thought in treating epidemic disease of traditional Chinese medicine."}, {"pmid": 32503600, "pmcid": "PMC7274058", "title": "In-hospital airway management of COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Sullivan, Elise H", "Gibson, Lauren E", "Berra, Lorenzo", "Chang, Marvin G", "Bittner, Edward A"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503600", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Those involved in the airway management of COVID-19 patients are particularly at risk. Here, we describe a practical, stepwise protocol for safe in-hospital airway management in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection."}, {"pmid": 32357424, "title": "Mitigating the Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Workers: A Digital Learning Package.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Blake, Holly", "Bermingham, Fiona", "Johnson, Graham", "Tabner, Andrew"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357424", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) will undoubtedly have psychological impacts for healthcare workers, which could be sustained; frontline workers will be particularly at risk. Actions are needed to mitigate the impacts of COVID-19 on mental health by protecting and promoting the psychological wellbeing of healthcare workers during and after the outbreak. We developed and evaluated a digital learning package using Agile methodology within the first three weeks of UK outbreak. This e-package includes evidence-based guidance, support and signposting relating to psychological wellbeing for all UK healthcare employees. A three-step rapid development process included public involvement activities (PPIs) (STEP 1), content and technical development with iterative peer review (STEP 2), and delivery and evaluation (STEP 3). The package outlines the actions that team leaders can take to provide psychologically safe spaces for staff, together with guidance on communication and reducing social stigma, peer and family support, signposting others through psychological first aid (PFA), self-care strategies (e.g., rest, work breaks, sleep, shift work, fatigue, healthy lifestyle behaviours), and managing emotions (e.g., moral injury, coping, guilt, grief, fear, anxiety, depression, preventing burnout and psychological trauma). The e-package includes advice from experts in mental wellbeing as well as those with direct pandemic experiences from the frontline, as well as signposting to public mental health guidance. Rapid delivery in STEP 3 was achieved via direct emails through professional networks and social media. Evaluation included assessment of fidelity and implementation qualities. Essential content was identified through PPIs (n = 97) and peer review (n = 10) in STEPS 1 and 2. The most important messages to convey were deemed to be normalisation of psychological responses during a crisis, and encouragement of self-care and help-seeking behaviour. Within 7 days of completion, the package had been accessed 17,633 times, and healthcare providers had confirmed immediate adoption within their health and wellbeing provisions. Evaluation (STEP 3, n = 55) indicated high user satisfaction with content, usability and utility. Assessment of implementation qualities indicated that the package was perceived to be usable, practical, low cost and low burden. Our digital support package on 'psychological wellbeing for healthcare workers' is free to use, has been positively evaluated and was highly accessed within one week of release. It is available here: Supplementary Materials. This package was deemed to be appropriate, meaningful and useful for the needs of UK healthcare workers. We recommend provision of this e-package to healthcare workers alongside wider strategies to support their psychological wellbeing during and after the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32282359, "pmcid": "PMC7253039", "title": "Rehabilitation After Critical Illness in People With COVID-19 Infection.", "journal": "Am J Phys Med Rehabil", "authors": ["Simpson, Robert", "Robinson, Larry"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32282359", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current COVID-19 pandemic will place enormous pressure on healthcare systems around the world. Large numbers of people are predicted to become critically ill with acute respiratory distress syndrome and will require management in intensive care units. High levels of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial impairments can be anticipated. Rehabilitation providers will serve as an important link in the continuum of care, helping move patients on from acute sites to eventual discharge to the community. Likely impairment patterns, considerations for healthcare practitioner resilience, and organization of services to meet demand are discussed. Innovative approaches to care, such as virtual rehabilitation, are likely to become common in this environment."}, {"pmid": 32383155, "pmcid": "PMC7262011", "title": "Letter to the Editor Re: Coronavirus disease 2019: The harms of exaggerated information and non-evidence-based measures.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Invest", "authors": ["Gabutti, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383155", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329880, "title": "Short Report - Medical nutrition therapy for critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci", "authors": ["Romano, L", "Bilotta, F", "Dauri, M", "Macheda, S", "Pujia, A", "De Santis, G L", "Tarsitano, M G", "Merra, G", "Di Renzo, L", "Esposito, E", "De Lorenzo, A"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329880", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "No Abstract Available."}, {"pmid": 32492753, "title": "Recovery from COVID-19 following Hepatitis C, Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Liver Transplantation.", "journal": "Am J Transplant", "authors": ["Muller, Helmut", "Kniepeiss, Daniela", "Stauber, Rudolf", "Schrem, Harald", "Rauter, Markus", "Krause, Robert", "Schemmer, Peter"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32492753", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Immunosuppression and frequent comorbidities in transplant recipients potentially increase the risk of fatal outcomes of pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [1]. A 1965 born male had suffered from haemophilia A. In the nineteen-seventies, he acquired hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, probably via factor VIII supplementation, and in 1985 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Interferon-based HCV therapy resulted in a sustained virological response. Antiviral treatment with emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide/rilpivirin for HIV is ongoing since 2016. HIV suppression with repeatedly negative PCR results has been achieved."}, {"pmid": 32305506, "pmcid": "PMC7161528", "title": "Renin-angiotensin system at the heart of COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Biochimie", "authors": ["Alifano, Marco", "Alifano, Pietro", "Forgez, Patricia", "Iannelli, Antonio"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305506", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Significant aspects of COVID-19 pandemic remain obscure. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a component of the renin-angiotensin system, whose expression dominates on lung alveolar epithelial cells, is the human cell receptor of SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19. We strongly encourage the concept that thorough considerations of receptor-ligand interactions should be kept at the heart of scientific debate on infection. In this idea, the whole renin-angiotensin system has to be evaluated. We hypothesize that factors related to ethnicity, environment, behaviors, associated illness, and medications involving this complex system are probably responsible for situations regarded as anomalous from both an epidemiological and a clinical point of view, but, taken together, such factors may explain most of the aspects of current outbreak. We decided to use the analogy of a play and speculate about the possible impact in this tragedy of 1) air pollution via the interference of nitrogen dioxide on ACE2 expression; 2) the dual role of nicotine; 3) the hypothetical involvement of ACE2 polymorphisms, the relationships of which with ethnic factors and susceptibility to cardiovascular disease seems intriguing; 4) the impact on the severity of infection of hypertension and related medications acting on the renin/angiotensin system, and, finally, 5) the possible helpful role of chloroquine, thanks to its capacity of modifying ACE2 affinity to the viral spike protein by altering glycosylation. This hypothesis paper is an urgent call for the development of research programs that aim at questioning whether the putative protagonists of this tragedy are real-life actors in COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32360375, "pmcid": "PMC7192080", "title": "Forgetting \"routine\" deep venous thrombosis and stroke during COVID-19 is a parallel pandemic that will be costly if ignored.", "journal": "J Vasc Surg", "authors": ["Rogers, Steven K", "Hughes, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360375", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32423497, "title": "COVID-19: Pandemic Risk, Resilience and Possibilities for Aging Research.", "journal": "Can J Aging", "authors": ["Wister, Andrew", "Speechley, Mark"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32423497", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242790, "pmcid": "PMC7167485", "title": "The challenges and considerations of community-based preparedness at the onset of COVID-19 outbreak in Iran, 2020.", "journal": "Epidemiol Infect", "authors": ["Moradzadeh, Rahmatollah"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242790", "countries": ["Iran, Islamic Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 as an emerging disease has spread to 183 countries and territories worldwide as of 20 March 2020. The first COVID-19 case (i.e. the index case) in Iran was observed in the city of Qom on 19 February 2020. One of the cities of Markazi Province is Delijan, which shares a border with Qom. Consequently, COVID-19 has quickly spread in this city because a large population commutes daily between the two cities. This study aimed to report the challenges and considerations of community-based preparedness at the onset of COVID-19 outbreak in a city of Iran in 2020."}, {"pmid": 32314483, "pmcid": "PMC7235531", "title": "COVID-19 and psoriasis: Should we fear for patients treated with biologics?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Amerio, Paolo", "Prignano, Francesca", "Giuliani, Federica", "Gualdi, Giulio"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32314483", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The new coronavirus pandemic poses question and challenges for dermatologists. One of question is if psoriasis patients treated with immunomodulating and immunosuppressive drugs have to discontinue their treatment in the midst of fears for the infection and its consequences. One of the challenges is how can we support our patients in this critical time. Previous coronaviruses outbreaks reports, current published evidences on pathogenesis and on clinical reports of COVID infection in immunosuppressed patients are used to make a scientifically based decision."}, {"pmid": 32380023, "pmcid": "PMC7198187", "title": "Immunomodulation in COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Respir Med", "authors": ["Ingraham, Nicholas E", "Lotfi-Emran, Sahar", "Thielen, Beth K", "Techar, Kristina", "Morris, Rachel S", "Holtan, Shernan G", "Dudley, R Adams", "Tignanelli, Christopher J"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380023", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463318, "title": "Improving Health Literacy Critical to Optimize Global Telemedicine During COVID-19 (Re: Telemed J E Health [Epub ahead of print]; DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2020.0105).", "journal": "Telemed J E Health", "authors": ["Nair, Satish C", "Satish, Karthyayani P", "Sreedharan, Jayadevan", "Muttappallymyalil, Jayakumary", "Ibrahim, Halah"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463318", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32433784, "title": "High-fluorescent lymphocytes are increased in patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Wang, Zhao", "He, Yu", "Shu, Huaqing", "Wang, Ping", "Xing, Hui", "Zeng, Xiaoqian", "Tang, Zhaoming"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433784", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32292911, "pmcid": "PMC7118643", "title": "1,000,000 cases of COVID-19 outside of China: The date predicted by a simple heuristic.", "journal": "Glob Epidemiol", "authors": ["Koczkodaj, W W", "Mansournia, M A", "Pedrycz, W", "Wolny-Dominiak, A", "Zabrodskii, P F", "Strzaska, D", "Armstrong, T", "Zolfaghari, A H", "Debski, M", "Mazurek, J"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32292911", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We forecast 1,000,000 COVID-19 cases outside of China by March 30, 2020 based on a heuristic and WHO situation reports. We do not model the COVID-19 pandemic; we model only the number of cases. The proposed heuristic is based on a simple observation that the plot of the given data is well approximated by an exponential curve. The exponential curve is used for forecasting the growth of new cases. It has been tested for the last situation report of the last day. Its accuracy has been 1.29% for the last day added and predicted by the 57 previous WHO situation reports (the date 18 March 2020). Prediction, forecast, pandemic, COVID-19, coronavirus, exponential growth curve parameter, heuristic, epidemiology, extrapolation, abductive reasoning, WHO situa- tion report."}, {"pmid": 32344025, "pmcid": "PMC7194938", "title": "Point of View of the Dutch Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy on Surgery during the Coronavirus 2019 Crisis.", "journal": "J Minim Invasive Gynecol", "authors": ["Radder, Celine", "de Leeuw, Robert", "Coppus, Sjors"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344025", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32354360, "pmcid": "PMC7192564", "title": "Clinical course and outcome of 107 patients infected with the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, discharged from two hospitals in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Wang, Dawei", "Yin, Yimei", "Hu, Chang", "Liu, Xing", "Zhang, Xingguo", "Zhou, Shuliang", "Jian, Mingzhi", "Xu, Haibo", "Prowle, John", "Hu, Bo", "Li, Yirong", "Peng, Zhiyong"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32354360", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak was reported from Wuhan, China. Information on the clinical course and prognosis of COVID-19 was not thoroughly described. We described the clinical courses and prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Retrospective case series of COVID-19 patients from Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University in Wuhan and Xishui Hospital, Hubei Province, China, up to February 10, 2020. Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical data were collected. The clinical course of survivors and non-survivors were compared. Risk factors for death were analyzed. A total of 107 discharged patients with COVID-19 were enrolled. The clinical course of COVID-19 presented as a tri-phasic pattern. Week 1 after illness onset was characterized by fever, cough, dyspnea, lymphopenia, and radiological multi-lobar pulmonary infiltrates. In severe cases, thrombocytopenia, acute kidney injury, acute myocardial injury, and adult respiratory distress syndrome were observed. During week 2, in mild cases, fever, cough, and systemic symptoms began to resolve and platelet count rose to normal range, but lymphopenia persisted. In severe cases, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and deteriorating multi-organ dysfunction were dominant. By week 3, mild cases had clinically resolved except for lymphopenia. However, severe cases showed persistent lymphopenia, severe acute respiratory dyspnea syndrome, refractory shock, anuric acute kidney injury, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, and death. Older age and male sex were independent risk factors for poor outcome of the illness. A period of 7-13\u2009days after illness onset is the critical stage in the COVID-19 course. Age and male gender were independent risk factors for death of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32376388, "pmcid": "PMC7181974", "title": "Reumataxi: An experience of solidarity in times of COVID-19.", "journal": "Reumatol Clin", "authors": ["Blanch-Rubio, Josep", "Llorente-Onaindia, Jone", "Benito, Pere", "Monfort, Jordi"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32376388", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32208917, "pmcid": "PMC7103724", "title": "The different clinical characteristics of corona virus disease cases between children and their families in China - the character of children with COVID-19.", "journal": "Emerg Microbes Infect", "authors": ["Su, Liang", "Ma, Xiang", "Yu, Huafeng", "Zhang, Zhaohua", "Bian, Pengfei", "Han, Yuling", "Sun, Jing", "Liu, Yanqin", "Yang, Chun", "Geng, Jin", "Zhang, Zhongfa", "Gai, Zhongtao"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32208917", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aims to analyze the different clinical characteristics between children and their families infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Clinical data from nine children and their 14 families were collected, including general status, clinical, laboratory test, and imaging characteristics. All the children were detected positive result after their families onset. Three children had fever (22.2%) or cough (11.2%) symptoms and six (66.7%) children had no symptom. Among the 14 adult patients, the major symptoms included fever (57.1%), cough (35.7%), chest tightness/pain (21.4%), fatigue (21.4%) and sore throat (7.1%). Nearly 70% of the patients had normal (71.4%) or decreased (28.6%) white blood cell counts, and 50% (7/14) had lymphocytopenia. There were 10 adults (71.4%) showed abnormal imaging. The main manifestations were pulmonary consolidation (70%), nodular shadow (50%), and ground glass opacity (50%). Five discharged children were admitted again because their stool showed positive result in SARS-CoV-2 PCR. COVID-19 in children is mainly caused by family transmission, and their symptoms are mild and prognosis is better than adult. However, their PCR result in stool showed longer time than their families. Because of the mild or asymptomatic clinical process, it is difficult to recognize early for pediatrician and public health staff."}, {"pmid": 32425236, "pmcid": "PMC7229469", "title": "Acute Pulmonary Embolism: An unseen villain in COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian Heart J", "authors": ["Agstam, Sourabh", "Vijay, Jyoti", "Gupta, Anunay", "Bansal, Sandeep"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425236", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32271368, "pmcid": "PMC7184372", "title": "Obesity in patients younger than 60 years is a risk factor for Covid-19 hospital admission.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Lighter, Jennifer", "Phillips, Michael", "Hochman, Sarah", "Sterling, Stephanie", "Johnson, Diane", "Francois, Fritz", "Stachel, Anna"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271368", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32384798, "title": "Potential Cytoprotective Activity of Ozone Therapy in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19.", "journal": "Antioxidants (Basel)", "authors": ["Martinez-Sanchez, Gregorio", "Schwartz, Adriana", "Donna, Vincenzo Di"], "date": "2020-05-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32384798", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "(1) Background: The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) in China at the end of 2019 has caused a large global outbreak. Systemic ozone therapy (OT) could be potentially useful in the clinical management of several complications secondary to SARS-CoV-2. The rationale and mechanism of action has already been proven clinically in other viral infections and has been shown in research studies to be highly effective at decreasing organ damage mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress. This review summarizes the OT studies that illustrate the possible cytoprotective mechanism of action of ozone and its physiological by-products in target organs affected by SARS-CoV-2. (2) Methods: This review encompasses a total of 74 peer-reviewed original articles. It is mainly focused on ozone as a modulator of the NF-\u03ba B/Nrf2 pathways and IL-6/IL-1\u03b2 expression. (3) Results: In experimental models and the few existent clinical studies, homeostasis of the free radical and antioxidant balance by OT was associated with a modulation of NF-\u03ba B/Nrf2 balance and IL-6 and IL-1\u03b2 expression. These molecular mechanisms support the cytoprotective effects of OT against tissue damage present in many inflammatory diseases, including viral infections. (4) Conclusions: The potential cytoprotective role of OT in the management of organ damage induced by COVID-19 merits further research. Controlled clinical trials are needed."}, {"pmid": 32415893, "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19): Patient experience-Administrative services on the frontline during crisis.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Overton, Judy", "Denton, Kathy", "Frumovitz, Michael", "Lewis, Carol", "Christensen, Sarah", "Bezerra, Jaymesson", "Hernandez, Chris", "Walker, Michele S", "Finder, Janice P", "Proske, Ashlyn A", "Jain, Sanchita", "Whipple, Julai", "Martinez, Wendi L", "Eska, Jarrod S", "Sutherland, Elizabeth W", "Triche, Lisa L", "Garcia, Elizabeth A", "Weber, Randal"], "date": "2020-05-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32415893", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has had a dramatic impact on care delivery among health care institutions and providers in the United States. As a categorical cancer center, MD Anderson has prioritized care for our patients based on acuity of their disease. We continue to implement measures to protect patients and employees from acquiring the infection within our facilities, and to provide acute management of cancer patients with concomitant COVID-19 infections who are considered at high risk of death. The Division of Patient Experience, formerly established in October 2016, has played an integral role in the institution's pandemic response from its inception. The team actively supported programs and processes in anticipation of the pandemic's effect on our patients and employees. We will describe how the team continues to serve in the ever-dynamic environment as we approach the expected surge in COVID-19 cases among our patient population, our employees, and in our community."}, {"pmid": 32510878, "title": "Psychosis and Infodemic Isolation Resulting in First Inpatient Hospitalization During the COVID-19 Pandemic A Case Series.", "journal": "Prim Care Companion CNS Disord", "authors": ["Shanbour, Alaa", "Khalid, Zaira", "Fana, Michael"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510878", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32280138, "pmcid": "PMC7138121", "title": "Perfusion's Role in Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Extra Corpor Technol", "authors": ["Schiess, Justin G"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32280138", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32462787, "title": "Accrual, Publication Bias, and the Coronavirus in 2020.", "journal": "Oncologist", "authors": ["Bates, Susan E"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462787", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32526073, "title": "Novel corona virus (COVID-19) disease and ophthalmic manifestations: Clinical evidences.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Singh, Geetanjali", "Sharma, Pramod Kumar", "Malviya, Rishabha", "Awasthi, Rajendra"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32526073", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32329432, "pmcid": "PMC7253118", "title": "COVID-19 Serosurveillance May Facilitate Return-to-Work Decisions.", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Krsak, Martin", "Johnson, Steven C", "Poeschla, Eric M"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32329432", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Public health measures are needed to resolve the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, although a looming economic fallout merits close attention. Early safe reintroduction of immune individuals into the workforce may be essential to protecting the economic welfare of communities. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction testing, our primary diagnostic tool to date, has sensitivity and timing concerns, owing to sampling/handling errors, as well as a complex virus-host interaction. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays do not establish immune status once the virus has been cleared. Targeted serosurveillance for the determination of individuals' potential for transmissibility, particularly if paired with direct pathogen testing, may aid in \"cleared for business\" decision-making."}, {"pmid": 32451259, "pmcid": "PMC7211565", "title": "Hydroxychloroquine as antiviral prophylaxis for exposed caregivers to Covid-19: An urgent appraisal is needed.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Tahiri Joutei Hassani, Rachid", "Bennis, Ahmed"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32451259", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the onset of the new coronavirus pandemic, the world is facing a public health emergency. Repositioning hydroxychloroquine (HQ) seems to be a promising option. Many emerging evidences have converged on the effectiveness of HQ in the treatment of Covid-19 infection. In a recent paper, Gautret et al. suggested that further works are needed to determine if HQ antiviral prophylaxis is useful, especially for healthcare workers. The purpose of this paper is to assess the Covid-19 exposure and risks level among caregivers. For this, we performed research on internet and PubMed by crossing the following keywords: healthcare givers, healthcare workers, doctors, nurses, coronavirus, Covid-19, mortality, infection rate, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine. Data on healthcare worker's infection and mortality by Covid-19 are partial and are not systematically published. However, it seems that the infection rate varies between 3.8% and 9% depending on the country. Moreover, the mean age of this population is relatively old, especially in the OECD area. Anti-Covid-19 HQ prophylaxis should be urgently accessed, especially for healthcare workers. It is to be hoped that HQ prophylaxis reduces the morbidity and mortality from Covid-19 infection among this population which is particularly exposed and relatively old."}, {"pmid": 32275081, "pmcid": "PMC7262057", "title": "Evaluate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infectivity by pseudoviral particles.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Pu, Tao", "Ding, Chen", "Li, Yadong", "Liu, Xiaojuan", "Li, Haiwei", "Duan, Jinmei", "Zhang, Heng", "Bi, Yanwei", "Cun, Wei"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275081", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in humans in late 2019, it has rapidly spread worldwide. To identify the biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in a normal laboratory environment (biosafety level 2 [BSL-2]), a lentiviral-based nucleocapsid was used to carry the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 onto the surface of pseudoviral particles as a surrogate model to evaluate the infective characterization of SARS-CoV-2. This study indicated that SARS-CoV-2 has extensive tissue tropism for humans and may infect monkeys and tree shrews but not rodents. More importantly, the use of pseudoviral particles in this study allows rapid assessment of neutralizing antibodies in serum in a BSL-2 laboratory. This study will provide a quick and easy tool for evaluating neutralizing antibodies in the serum of recovering patients and assessing the potency of candidate vaccines."}, {"pmid": 32357210, "pmcid": "PMC7197599", "title": "Olfactory and Gustatory Dysfunction in Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19).", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Luers, Jan C", "Rokohl, Alexander C", "Loreck, Niklas", "Wawer Matos, Philomena A", "Augustin, Max", "Dewald, Felix", "Klein, Florian", "Lehmann, Clara", "Heindl, Ludwig M"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32357210", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus-disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe-acute-respiratory-syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) shows a rapid spread over-the-world. Given scarce resources, non-laboratory diagnostics is crucial. In this cross-sectional study, two-thirds of European patients with polymerase chain reaction confirmed COVID-19 reported olfactory and gustatory dysfunction, indicating the significance of this history in the early diagnostics."}, {"pmid": 32313880, "pmcid": "PMC7166201", "title": "PAK1-blockers: Potential Therapeutics against COVID-19.", "journal": "Med Drug Discov", "authors": ["Maruta, Hiroshi", "He, Hong"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313880", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "PAK1 (RAC/CDC42-activated kinase 1) is the major \"pathogenic\" kinase whose abnormal activation causes a wide variety of diseases/disorders including cancers, inflammation, malaria and pandemic viral infection including influenza, HIV and COVID-19. Since Louis Pateur who developed a vaccine against rabies in 1885, in general a series of \"specific\" vaccines have been used for treatment of viral infection, mainly because antibiotics in general are ineffective for treatment of viral infection. However, it takes 12-18\u202fmonths till the effective vaccine becomes available. Until then ventilator (O2 supplier) would be the most common tool for saving the life of COVID-19 patients. Thus, as alternative potentially more direct \"broad-spectrum\" COVID-19 therapeutics, several natural and synthetic PAK1-blockers such as propolis, melatonin, ciclesonide, hydroxy chloroquine (HQ), ivermection, and ketorolac, which are readily available in the market, are introduced here."}, {"pmid": 32410746, "pmcid": "PMC7221360", "title": "Poverty, Inequality & COVID-19: The Forgotten Vulnerable.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Patel, J A", "Nielsen, F B H", "Badiani, A A", "Assi, S", "Unadkat, V", "Patel, B", "Ravindrane, R", "Wardle, H"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410746", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32496270, "title": "COVID-19: Endangering women's mental and reproductive health.", "journal": "Indian J Public Health", "authors": ["Sharma, Pallavi", "Sharma, Shalini", "Singh, Nilanchali"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32496270", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32375190, "title": "Endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage as a strategy to overcome shortage of operating rooms and intensive care unit beds during Covid-19 crisis.", "journal": "Endoscopy", "authors": ["Lisotti, Andrea", "Bacchilega, Igor", "Linguerri, Romano", "Fusaroli, Pietro"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375190", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32221519, "pmcid": "PMC7184337", "title": "Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients of novel coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Clin Infect Dis", "authors": ["Zhao, Juanjuan", "Yuan, Quan", "Wang, Haiyan", "Liu, Wei", "Liao, Xuejiao", "Su, Yingying", "Wang, Xin", "Yuan, Jing", "Li, Tingdong", "Li, Jinxiu", "Qian, Shen", "Hong, Congming", "Wang, Fuxiang", "Liu, Yingxia", "Wang, Zhaoqin", "He, Qing", "Li, Zhiyong", "He, Bin", "Zhang, Tianying", "Fu, Yang", "Ge, Shengxiang", "Liu, Lei", "Zhang, Jun", "Xia, Ningshao", "Zhang, Zheng"], "date": "2020-03-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32221519", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a newly emerging virus. The antibody response in infected patient remains largely unknown, and the clinical values of antibody testing have not been fully demonstrated. A total of 173 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled. Their serial plasma samples (n=535) collected during the hospitalization were tested for total antibodies (Ab), IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2. The dynamics of antibodies with the disease progress was analyzed. Among 173 patients, the seroconversion rate for Ab, IgM and IgG was 93.1%, 82.7% and 64.7%, respectively. The reason for the negative antibody findings in 12 patients might due to the lack of blood samples at the later stage of illness. The median seroconversion time for Ab, IgM and then IgG were day-11, day-12 and day-14, separately. The presence of antibodies was <40% among patients within 1-week since onset, and rapidly increased to 100.0% (Ab), 94.3% (IgM) and 79.8% (IgG) since day-15 after onset. In contrast, RNA detectability decreased from 66.7% (58/87) in samples collected before day-7 to 45.5% (25/55) during day 15-39. Combining RNA and antibody detections significantly improved the sensitivity of pathogenic diagnosis for COVID-19 (p<0.001), even in early phase of 1-week since onset (p=0.007). Moreover, a higher titer of Ab was independently associated with a worse clinical classification (p=0.006). The antibody detection offers vital clinical information during the course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings provide strong empirical support for the routine application of serological testing in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32462609, "pmcid": "PMC7251320", "title": "The fight against COVID-19: disinfection protocol and turning over of CleanSpace((R)) HALO in a Singapore Hospital.", "journal": "Updates Surg", "authors": ["Koh, Frederick H", "Tan, Moarie G", "Chew, Min-Hoe"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32462609", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279908, "pmcid": "PMC7128661", "title": "Is the ACE2 Overexpression a Risk Factor for COVID-19 Infection?", "journal": "Arch Med Res", "authors": ["Gracia-Ramos, Abraham Edgar"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279908", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In the recent coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, a higher proportion of patients with severe disease were found in older persons with comorbidities. This observation has been related to the use of drugs that can increase the cellular expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) that has been recognized as target to which the virus bind to cells. Although this hypothesis is possible, it may also have other explanations which are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32277775, "pmcid": "PMC7262277", "title": "Caring for Miners During the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.", "journal": "J Rural Health", "authors": ["Sood, Akshay", "Pollard, Charles", "Suer, Kyla Le", "Vlahovich, Kevin", "Walker, Jolene"], "date": "2020-04-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32277775", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32523503, "pmcid": "PMC7279421", "title": "Smoking and SARS-CoV-2: Are Polish health professionals at higher risk of infection?", "journal": "Tob Induc Dis", "authors": ["Koczkodaj, Pawel", "Cedzynska, Magdalena", "Didkowska, Joanna"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32523503", "countries": ["Poland"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360293, "pmcid": "PMC7162760", "title": "Endothelin receptor antagonists for pulmonary arterial hypertension and COVID-19: Friend or foe?", "journal": "J Heart Lung Transplant", "authors": ["Badagliacca, Roberto", "Sciomer, Susanna", "Petrosillo, Nicola"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360293", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32435961, "pmcid": "PMC7238959", "title": "SAGES primer for taking care of yourself during and after the COVID-19 crisis.", "journal": "Surg Endosc", "authors": ["Dort, Jonathan", "Romanelli, John", "Choudhury, Nabajit", "Flink, Benjamin J", "Lak, Kathleen", "Levy, Shauna", "Needleman, Bradley J", "Paget, Charles J 3rd", "Telem, Dana", "Schwarz, Erin", "Zhang, Linda P", "Sylla, Patricia", "Mellinger, John D", "Matthews, Brent D", "Feldman, Liane", "Pryor, Aurora D", "Asbun, Horacio J"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32435961", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 is a pandemic which has affected almost every aspect of our life since starting globally in November 2019. Given the rapidity of spread and inadequate time to prepare for record numbers of sick patients, our surgical community faces an unforeseen challenge. SAGES is committed to the protection and care of patients, their surgeons and staff, and all who are served by the medical community at large. This includes physical health, mental health, and well-being of all involved. The fear of the unknown ahead can be paralyzing. International news media have chronicled the unthinkable situations that physicians and other health care providers have been thrust into as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. These situations include making life or death decisions for patients and their families regarding use of limited health care resources. It includes caring for patients with quickly deteriorating conditions and limited treatments available. Until recently, these situations seemed far from home, and now they are in our own hospitals. As the pandemic broadened its reach, the reality that we as surgeons may be joining the front line is real. It may be happening to you now; it may be on the horizon in the coming weeks. In this context, SAGES put together this document addressing concerns on clinician stressors in these times of uncertainty. We chose to focus on the emotional toll of the situation on the clinician, protecting vulnerable persons, reckoning with social isolation, and promoting wellness during this crisis. At the same time, the last part of this document deals with the \"light at the end of the tunnel,\" discussing potential opportunities, lessons learned, and the positives that can come out of this crisis."}, {"pmid": 32514716, "title": "Recommendation from Peking Union Medical College Hospital for urgent hemodialysis during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Int Urol Nephrol", "authors": ["Chen, Gang", "Hu, Rongrong", "Wang, Ying", "Zhao, Xue", "Zhou, Yangzhong", "Song, Dan", "Xia, Jinghua", "Qin, Yan", "Chen, Limeng", "Li, Xuemei"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32514716", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32276093, "pmcid": "PMC7141552", "title": "Palliative Care in the Time of COVID-19: Reflections From the Frontline.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Koh, Mervyn Y H"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32276093", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247204, "pmcid": "PMC7138158", "title": "The impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on head and neck cancer patients' care.", "journal": "Radiother Oncol", "authors": ["De Felice, Francesca", "Polimeni, Antonella", "Tombolini, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-04-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247204", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420944, "title": "The impact of MicroRNAs (miRNAs) on the genotype of coronaviruses.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Canatan, Duran", "De Sanctis, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420944", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Summar y. The beginning of 2020 has seen the emergence of COVID-19, an outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, an important pathogen for humans. SARS-CoV-2 is an RNA virus containing 29891 nucleotides encoding 9889 amino acids. The genome is arranged as 5p-replicase (orf1/ab)-structural proteins [Spike (S) -Envelope (E) - Membrane (M) -Nucleocapsid (N)] -3. Viruses are obligate intracellular infectious agents that use the host cellular machinery to ensure their own fitness and survival. MicroRNAs (miRNA9) systems are potent post-transcriptional gene expression regulators that are important modulators of viral infections, and could play an important role in the treatment of viral infections. This review focuses to the genomic structure of coronaviruses, the functions of genomic proteins, the effects of micro RNA (miRNA) on virus replication and its pathogenesis."}, {"pmid": 32297591, "title": "[COVID-19 and the Invisible Damage].", "journal": "Acta Med Port", "authors": ["Melo, Renato Bessa", "Tavares, Nuno Teixeira", "Duarte, Raquel"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32297591", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32495391, "title": "COVID-19 presenting with autoimmune hemolytic anemia in the setting of underlying immune dysregulation.", "journal": "Pediatr Blood Cancer", "authors": ["Wahlster, Lara", "Weichert-Leahey, Nina", "Trissal, Maria", "Grace, Rachael F", "Sankaran, Vijay G"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32495391", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32334157, "pmcid": "PMC7169890", "title": "Prediction for the spread of COVID-19 in India and effectiveness of preventive measures.", "journal": "Sci Total Environ", "authors": ["Tomar, Anuradha", "Gupta, Neeraj"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334157", "countries": ["India"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The spread of COVID-19 in the whole world has put the humanity at risk. The resources of some of the largest economies are stressed out due to the large infectivity and transmissibility of this disease. Due to the growing magnitude of number of cases and its subsequent stress on the administration and health professionals, some prediction methods would be required to predict the number of cases in future. In this paper, we have used data-driven estimation methods like long short-term memory (LSTM) and curve fitting for prediction of the number of COVID-19 cases in India 30\u00a0days ahead and effect of preventive measures like social isolation and lockdown on the spread of COVID-19. The prediction of various parameters (number of positive cases, number of recovered cases, etc.) obtained by the proposed method is accurate within a certain range and will be a beneficial tool for administrators and health officials."}, {"pmid": 32145717, "title": "[Diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19: acute kidney injury cannot be ignored].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Yang, X H", "Sun, R H", "Chen, D C"], "date": "2020-03-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32145717", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437946, "pmcid": "PMC7211607", "title": "LGBTQ+ Inclusive Palliative Care in the Context of COVID-19: Pragmatic Recommendations for Clinicians.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Rosa, William E", "Shook, Alic", "Acquaviva, Kimberly D"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437946", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to impact the seriously ill and their families on a global scale, considerations given to marginalized groups amid the pandemic are essential to ensure the provision of high-quality and dignified care. Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, gender-nonconforming, and queer/questioning-identified (LGBTQ+) persons are particularly vulnerable to health inequities across settings, including palliative care and at the end of life. There is a crucial gap in the literature pertaining to palliative care for LGBTQ+ populations during COVID-19. We aim to fill this gap by providing essential health inequity and social support background pertaining to LGBTQ+ persons and practical recommendations for immediate implementation that support inclusive and respectful care for these populations. Using these recommendations is a pragmatic pathway to promote trust, transparency, patient and family engagement, and value concordant care amid the health system strain caused by COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32410765, "pmcid": "PMC7221361", "title": "[OnabotulinumtoxinA infiltration and nerve blocks in patients with headache and neuralgia: safety recommendations to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection].", "journal": "Neurologia", "authors": ["Santos-Lasaosa, S", "Porta-Etessam, J"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410765", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to the need for changes in clinical practice, with new strategies to enable integrated care for patients with headache and neuralgia. Given the high spreadability of SARS-CoV-2, new safety measures are required in such procedures as onabotulinumtoxinA infiltration and nerve blocks. We present a series of recommendations based on the measures implemented to prevent infection in our healthcare system. We differentiate between measures related to patients and physicians, to technique, to infrastructure (waiting room and consultation), and to healthcare management."}, {"pmid": 32395492, "pmcid": "PMC7210122", "title": "Imitation dynamics in the mitigation of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan, China from 2019 to 2020.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Zhao, Shi", "Stone, Lewi", "Gao, Daozhou", "Musa, Salihu S", "Chong, Marc K C", "He, Daihai", "Wang, Maggie H"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395492", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Epidemic Forecasting", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China on December 2019 in patients presenting with atypical pneumonia. Although 'city-lockdown' policy reduced the spatial spreading of the COVID-19, the city-level outbreaks within each city remain a major concern to be addressed. The local or regional level disease control mainly depends on individuals self-administered infection prevention actions. The contradiction between choice of taking infection prevention actions or not makes the elimination difficult under a voluntary acting scheme, and represents a clash between the optimal choice of action for the individual interest and group interests. We develop a compartmental epidemic model based on the classic susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered model and use this to fit the data. Behavioral imitation through a game theoretical decision-making process is incorporated to study and project the dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China. By varying the key model parameters, we explore the probable course of the outbreak in terms of size and timing under several public interventions in improving public awareness and sensitivity to the infection risk as well as their potential impact. We estimate the basic reproduction number, R0, to be 2.5 (95% CI: 2.4-2.7). Under the current most realistic setting, we estimate the peak size at 0.28 (95% CI: 0.24-0.32) infections per 1,000 population. In Wuhan, the final size of the outbreak is likely to infect 1.35% (95% CI: 1.00-2.12%) of the population. The outbreak will be most likely to peak in the first half of February and drop to daily incidences lower than 10 in June 2020. Increasing sensitivity to take infection prevention actions and the effectiveness of infection prevention measures are likely to mitigate the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. Through an imitating social learning process, individual-level behavioral change on taking infection prevention actions have the potentials to significantly reduce the COVID-19 outbreak in terms of size and timing at city-level. Timely and substantially resources and supports for improving the willingness-to-act and conducts of self-administered infection prevention actions are recommended to reduce to the COVID-19 associated risks."}, {"pmid": 32052918, "pmcid": "PMC7165502", "title": "The 2019 coronavirus: Learning curves, lessons, and the weakest link.", "journal": "Int J Clin Pract", "authors": ["Stein, Richard Albert"], "date": "2020-02-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32052918", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32468942, "title": "A matter of time: duration and choice of venous thromboprophylaxis in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Hosp Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Kumar, Poornima", "Mediwake, Rapti", "Rhead, Camilla"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32468942", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32491104, "pmcid": "PMC7269524", "title": "Clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for a critical case of novel coronavirus pneumonia treated with glucocorticoids and non-invasive ventilator treatment.", "journal": "Rev Soc Bras Med Trop", "authors": ["Zhu, Juanjuan", "Zhou, Wei", "Zhou, Mingyu", "Liu, Yang", "Yang, Jing", "Li, Haiyang", "Zhao, Xueke"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491104", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) outbreak occurred in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. Here, we report the clinical characteristics and therapeutic procedure for a case of severe NCP. The patient was started on glucocorticoids and non-invasive ventilator treatment. After treatment, the patient's symptoms improved, and the status was confirmed as NCP negative. Our results may provide clues for the treatment of NCP."}, {"pmid": 32222720, "pmcid": "PMC7113464", "title": "Advice on Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment for Spinal Diseases during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.", "journal": "Asian Spine J", "authors": ["Zou, Jun", "Yu, Hao", "Song, Dawei", "Niu, Junjie", "Yang, Huilin"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222720", "topics": ["Prevention", "Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak started in December 2019 that caused difficulties for clinical work. Practical work experience in our spinal outpatient and emergency department during the COVID-19 pandemic is summarized in this article, with combined evidence-based medical evidence to explore a standardized process of diagnosis and treatment for spinal diseases. Outpatient reservation, continuous screening, triage, and isolation, first consultation accountability system, pandemic reporting system, and online revisit were strictly followed. We hope that our experience in prevention and control of COVID-19 can help spine surgeons globally in stopping the spread of COVID-19. Spine surgeons should collaborate with infection control specialists to avoid cross-infection in hospitals and optimize treatment."}, {"pmid": 32463479, "title": "Preoperative radiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Mirnezami, R", "Knowles, J", "Kar, A", "Glynne-Jones, R"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463479", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32322758, "pmcid": "PMC7175910", "title": "Management of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer During The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Necessary Paradigm Change at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Romesser, Paul B", "Wu, Abraham J", "Cercek, Andrea", "Smith, J Joshua", "Weiser, Martin", "Saltz, Leonard", "Garcia-Aguilar, Julio", "Crane, Christopher H"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32322758", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic will consume significant health care resources. Given concerns for rapidly rising infection rates in the US, impending staffing shortages, and potential for resource re-allocation, we rapidly re-evaluated our rectal cancer practice polices during this public health emergency. Previous to the pandemic we commonly utilized total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) with a strong preference for long course chemoradiation (LCCRT). In the setting of the ongoing pandemic we now mandate short course radiation therapy (SCRT). Despite multiple randomized trials demonstrating no difference in locoregional recurrence, distant recurrence, or overall survival between SCRT and LRCCT, adaptation of SCRT in the United States has been low given concerns for less tumor downstaging and increased toxicity. In the setting of the ongoing and likely prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, we feel that these concerns must be re-evaluated, as SCRT presents a well-validated alternative that will allow us to meet the needs of a greater number of potentially curable patients, at a time when our resources are severely and acutely constrained."}, {"pmid": 32483409, "pmcid": "PMC7245619", "title": "The potential insights of Traditional Chinese Medicine on treatment of COVID-19.", "journal": "Chin Med", "authors": ["Tong, Tong", "Wu, Ying-Qi", "Ni, Wei-Jian", "Shen, Ai-Zong", "Liu, Sheng"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32483409", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in 2019 and spread rapidly around the world. There is still no specific antiviral therapy to the current pandemic. In China, historical records show that Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is effective in prevention and enhancing the resistance to pandemic with unique insights. To fight with COVID-19, National Health and Commission of PRC has recommended some TCM in the guideline, such as HuoxiangZhengqi, LianhuaQingwen ShufengJiedu and XueBijing, and actually displayed a remarkable effect in clinical treatment strategic for COVID-19. We review studies to provide an in-depth understanding into the effect of TCM, and also introduce the possible mechanism involved in COVID-19 treatment."}, {"pmid": 32443020, "pmcid": "PMC7273950", "title": "Corona Virus Disease 2019 and Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Global Experience and Provisional Guidance (March 2020) from the Paediatric IBD Porto Group of European Society of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition.", "journal": "J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr", "authors": ["Turner, Dan", "Huang, Ying", "Martin-de-Carpi, Javier", "Aloi, Marina", "Focht, Gili", "Kang, Ben", "Zhou, Ying", "Sanchez, Cesar", "Kappelman, Michael D", "Uhlig, Holm H", "Pujol-Muncunill, Gemma", "Ledder, Oren", "Lionetti, Paolo", "Dias, Jorge Amil", "Ruemmele, Frank M", "Russell, Richard K"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32443020", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, concerns have been raised about the risk to children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We aimed to collate global experience and provide provisional guidance for managing paediatric IBD (PIBD) in the era of COVID-19. An electronic reporting system of children with IBD infected with SARS-CoV-2 has been circulated among 102 PIBD centres affiliated with the Porto and Interest-group of ESPGHAN. A survey has been completed by major PIBD centres in China and South-Korea to explore management during the pandemic. A third survey collected current practice of PIBD treatment. Finally, guidance points for practice have been formulated and voted upon by 37 PIBD authors and Porto group members. Eight PIBD children had COVID-19 globally, all with mild infection without needing hospitalization despite treatment with immunomodulators and/or biologics. No cases have been reported in China and South Korea but biologic treatment has been delayed in 79 children, of whom 17 (22%) had exacerbation of their IBD. Among the Porto group members, face-to-face appointments were often replaced by remote consultations but almost all did not change current IBD treatment. Ten guidance points for clinicians caring for PIBD patients in epidemic areas have been endorsed with consensus rate of 92% to 100%. Preliminary data for PIBD patients during COVID-19 outbreak are reassuring. Standard IBD treatments including biologics should continue at present through the pandemic, especially in children who generally have more severe IBD course on one hand, and milder SARS-CoV-2 infection on the other."}, {"pmid": 32407756, "pmcid": "PMC7212981", "title": "Clinical and conceptual comments on \"Risk factors of critical & mortal COVID-19 cases: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis\".", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Jayaraj, Rama", "Kumarasamy, Chellan", "Shetty, Sameep S", "Ram M, Ravishankar", "Shaw, Peter"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32407756", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404716, "title": "A case of HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection in Singapore.", "journal": "J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr", "authors": ["Louisa, Sun Jin", "Lin Serene, Wong Xin", "Gollamudi, Satya"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404716", "countries": ["Singapore"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32152585, "pmcid": "PMC7073250", "title": "In the fight against the new coronavirus outbreak, we must also struggle with human bias.", "journal": "Nat Med", "authors": ["Goncalves-Sa, Joana"], "date": "2020-03-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32152585", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32391936, "pmcid": "PMC7272788", "title": "Liver injury in COVID-19: diagnosis and associated factors - authors' reply.", "journal": "Liver Int", "authors": ["Lian, Ningfang", "Lin, Su", "Xie, Hansheng"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32391936", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32161028, "title": "Covid-19: UK budget gives pound94 a week statutory sick pay to self-isolators and their carers.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32161028", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32426319, "pmcid": "PMC7203575", "title": "COVID-19: Cultural Predictors of Gender Differences in Global Prevalence Patterns.", "journal": "Front Public Health", "authors": ["Muurlink, Olav T", "Taylor-Robinson, Andrew W"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32426319", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444504, "pmcid": "PMC7253225", "title": "Challenges in the management of older patients with acute coronary syndromes in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Heart", "authors": ["Rowland, Ben", "Kunadian, Vijay"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444504", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Ischaemic heart disease (IHD), in particular acute coronary syndrome (ACS), comprising ST-elevation myocardial infarction, non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction and unstable angina, is the leading cause of death worldwide. Age is a major predictor of adverse outcome following ACS. COVID-19 infection seems to escalate the risk in older patients with heart disease. Increasing odds of in-hospital death is associated with older age following COVID-19 infection. Importantly, it seems older patients with comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), in particular IHD, diabetes and hypertension, are at the highest risk of mortality following COVID-19 infection. The evidence is sparse on the optimal care of older patients with ACS with lack of robust randomised controlled trials. In this setting, with the serious threat imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of rapidly evolving knowledge with much unknown, it is important to weigh the risks and benefits of treatment strategies offered to older patients. In cases where risks outweigh the benefits, it might not be an unreasonable option to treat such patients with a conservative or a palliative approach. Further evidence to elucidate whether invasive management is beneficial in older patients with ACS is required out-with the COVID-19 pandemic. Though it is hoped that the actual acute phase of COVID-19 infection will be short lived, it is vital that important clinical research is continued, given the long-term benefits of ongoing clinical research for patients with long-term conditions, including CVD. This review aimed to evaluate the challenges and the management strategies in the care of older patients presenting with ACS in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32449230, "title": "Screening for COVID-19 at childbirth: does it deliver?", "journal": "Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["Ceulemans, D", "Thijs, I", "Schreurs, A", "Vercammen, J", "Lannoo, L", "Deprest, J", "Richter, J", "De Catte, L", "Devlieger, R"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32449230", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32301962, "pmcid": "PMC7165316", "title": "Symptom Screening at Illness Onset of Health Care Personnel With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in King County, Washington.", "journal": "JAMA", "authors": ["Chow, Eric J", "Schwartz, Noah G", "Tobolowsky, Farrell A", "Zacks, Rachael L T", "Huntington-Frazier, Melinda", "Reddy, Sujan C", "Rao, Agam K"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301962", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32437513, "title": "Molecular and serological assays for SARS-CoV-2: insights from genome and clinical characteristics.", "journal": "Clin Chem", "authors": ["Shi, Jiping", "Han, Dongsheng", "Zhang, Runling", "Li, Jinming", "Zhang, Rui"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437513", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The ongoing outbreak of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has posed a challenge for worldwide public health. A reliable laboratory assay is essential both to confirm suspected patients and to exclude patients infected with other respiratory viruses, thereby facilitating the control of global outbreak scenarios. In this review, we focus on the genomic, transmission and clinical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, and comprehensively summarize the principles and related details of assays for SARS-CoV-2. We also explore the quality assurance measures for these assays. SARS-CoV-2 has some unique gene sequences and specific transmission and clinical features that can inform the conduct of molecular and serological assays in many aspects, including the design of primers, the selection of specimens and testing strategies at different disease stages. Appropriate quality assurance measures for molecular and serological assays are needed to maintain testing proficiency. Because serological assays have the potential to identify later stages of the infection and to confirm highly suspected cases with negative molecular assay results, a combination of these two assays is needed to achieve a reliable capacity to detect SARS-CoV-2."}, {"pmid": 32445430, "title": "Response to \"SARS-CoV-2 Testing and Outcomes in the First 30 Days after the First Case of COVID-19 at an Australian Children's Hospital\".", "journal": "Emerg Med Australas", "authors": ["Phakey, Akshay", "Gabbie, Susie"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445430", "countries": ["Australia"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32368629, "pmcid": "PMC7196380", "title": "Emergency Medical Services resource capacity and competency amid COVID-19 in the United States: Preliminary findings from a national survey.", "journal": "Heliyon", "authors": ["Gibson, Cody V", "Ventura, Christian A", "Collier, George D"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32368629", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This study aimed to investigate available resources, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) availability, sanitation practices, institutional policies, and opinions among EMS professionals in the United States amid the COVID-19 pandemic using a self-report survey questionnaire. An online 42-question multiple choice survey was randomly distributed between April 1, 2020, and April 16, 2020 to various active Emergency Medical Services (EMS) paid personnel in all 50 U.S. states including the District of Columbia (n=192). We approximate a 95% confidence interval (\u00b1 0.07). An overwhelming number of EMS providers report having limited access to N95 respirators, receiving little or no benefits from COVID-19 related work, and report no institutional policy on social distancing practices despite CDC recommendations. For providers who do have access to N95 respirators, 31% report having to use the same mask for 1 week or longer. Approximately \u2153 of the surveyed participants were unsure of when a COVID-19 patient is infectious. The data suggests regular decontamination of EMS equipment after each patient contact is not a regular practice. Current practices to educate EMS providers on appropriate response to the novel coronavirus may not be sufficient, and future patients may benefit from a nationally established COVID-19 EMS response protocol. Further investigation on whether current EMS practices are contributing to the spread of infection is warranted. The data reveals concerning deficits in COVID-19 related education and administrative protocols which pose as a serious public health concern that should be urgently addressed."}, {"pmid": 32344317, "pmcid": "PMC7174983", "title": "Cancer patients and research during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of current evidence.", "journal": "Crit Rev Oncol Hematol", "authors": ["Moujaess, Elissar", "Kourie, Hampig Raphael", "Ghosn, Marwan"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32344317", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus, also known as SARS-Cov-2 or COVID-19 has become a worldwide threat and the major healthcare concern of the year 2020. Cancer research was directly affected by the emerging of this disease. According to some Chinese studies, cancer patients are more vulnerable to COVID-19 complications. This observation led many oncologists to change their daily practice in cancer care, without solid evidence and recommendations. Moreover, the COVID-19 manifestations as well as its diagnosis are particular in this special population. In this review paper we expose the challenges of cancer management in the era of SARS-CoV-2, the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and radiological characteristics of the disease in cancer patients and its outcomes on this population. Finally, we focus on strategies that are followed in cancer management with review of national and international guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32327745, "title": "Without food, there can be no exit from the pandemic.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Torero, Maximo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327745", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32379028, "title": "What I Learned From SARS in 2003 That Will Help Me Cope With COVID-19 in 2020.", "journal": "J Hosp Med", "authors": ["Detsky, Allan S"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32379028", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32513285, "title": "Critical care physicians treating COVID-19: mind the nervous system!", "journal": "Crit Care", "authors": ["Bosel, Julian"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32513285", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32306400, "pmcid": "PMC7264565", "title": "Nursing research is coronavirus research.", "journal": "Res Nurs Health", "authors": ["D'Antonio, Patricia", "Naylor, Mary", "Aiken, Linda"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32306400", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32476594, "title": "Virtual screening, ADME/T, and binding free energy analysis of anti-viral, anti-protease, and anti-infectious compounds against NSP10/NSP16 methyltransferase and main protease of SARS CoV-2.", "journal": "J Recept Signal Transduct Res", "authors": ["Maurya, Santosh K", "Maurya, Akhilesh Kumar", "Mishra, Nidhi", "Siddique, Hifzur R"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32476594", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, a pathogen has been identified as a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and found to trigger novel pneumonia (COVID-19) in human beings and some other mammals. The uncontrolled release of cytokines is seen from the primary stages of symptoms to last acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Thus, it is necessary to find out safe and effective drugs against this deadly coronavirus as soon as possible. Here, we downloaded the three-dimensional model of NSP10/NSP16 methyltransferase (PDB-ID: 6w6l) and main protease (PDB-ID: 6lu7) of COVID-19. Using these molecular models, we performed virtual screening with our anti-viral, inti-infectious, and anti-protease compounds, which are attractive therapeutics to prevent infection of the COVID-19. We found that top screened compound binds with protein molecules with good dock score with the help of hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonding. We observed that protease complexed with Cyclocytidine hydrochloride (anti-viral and anti-cancer), Trifluridine (anti-viral), Adonitol, and Meropenem (anti-bacterial), and Penciclovir (anti-viral) bound with a good docking score ranging from -6.8 to -5.1 (Kcal/mol). Further, NSP10/NSP16 methyltransferase complexed with Telbivudine, Oxytetracycline dihydrate (anti-viral), Methylgallate (anti-malarial), 2-deoxyglucose and Daphnetin (anti-cancer) from the docking score of -7.0 to -5.7 (Kcal/mol). In conclusion, the selected compounds may be used as a novel therapeutic agent to combat this deadly pandemic disease, SARS-CoV-2 infection, but needs further experimental research.HighlightsNSP10/NSP16 methyltransferase and main protease complex of SARS CoV-2 bind with selected drugs.NSP10/NSP16 methyltransferase and protease interacted with drugs by hydrophobic interactions.Compounds show good DG binging free energy with protein complexes.Ligands were found to follow the Lipinski rule of five."}, {"pmid": 32408369, "title": "[The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Consequences for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery: a comment from the Graz University Hospital].", "journal": "Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir", "authors": ["Kamolz, Lars-Peter", "Spendel, Stephan"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32408369", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32364809, "title": "Inpatient teledermatology during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Rismiller, Kyle", "Cartron, Alexander M", "Trinidad, John C L"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364809", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a global health crisis in which personal protective equipment has become increasingly limited. Dermatologists are poised to use technology, such as teledermatology, to innovate existing workflows and optimize dermatologic care. The state of Ohio has emerged as a leader in the United States with its response to the COVID-19 crisis. In response to the COVID-19 crisis, we developed a simple algorithm and strict guidelines to prioritize telemedicine specifically for inpatient dermatology consults. This algorithm was quickly accepted by our hospital leadership and adopted by other inpatient consultative services. In this Viewpoint, we share our experience with early adoption of teledermatology in the inpatient consultative setting in light of the COVID-19 crisis. We also highlight the limitations, ethical considerations, and areas for future research with respect to the implementation of teledermatology."}, {"pmid": 32432568, "title": "The care of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic - response of a large health system in metropolitan New York.", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Rochelson, Burton", "Nimaroff, Michael", "Combs, Adriann", "Schwartz, Benjamin", "Meirowitz, Natalie", "Vohra, Nidhi", "Klein, Victor R", "Santandreu, Orlando", "Kramer, Mitchell", "Mootabar, Navid", "Serur, Eli", "Spiryda, Lisa", "Berlin, Scott", "Chervenak, Frank"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32432568", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The rapid progression of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak presented extraordinary challenges to the US health care system, particularly straining resources in hard hit areas such as the New York metropolitan region. As a result, major changes in the delivery of obstetrical care were urgently needed, while maintaining patient safety on our maternity units. As the largest health system in the region, with 10 hospitals providing obstetrical services, and delivering over 30,000 babies annually, we needed to respond to this crisis in an organized, deliberate fashion. Our hospital footprint for Obstetrics was dramatically reduced to make room for the rapidly increasing numbers of COVID-19 patients, and established guidelines were quickly modified to reduce potential staff and patient exposures. New communication strategies were developed to facilitate maternity care across our hospitals, with significantly limited resources in personnel, equipment, and space. The lessons learned from these unexpected challenges offered an opportunity to reassess the delivery of obstetrical care without compromising quality and safety. These lessons may well prove valuable after the peak of the crisis has passed."}, {"pmid": 32493536, "title": "COVID-19 presenting with thalamic hemorrhage unmasking moyamoya angiopathy.", "journal": "Can J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Ghosh, Ritwik", "Dubey, Souvik", "Kanti Ray, Biman", "Chatterjee, Subhankar", "Benito-Leon, Julian"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493536", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32403911, "title": "Clinical implications and economic effects of the corona virus pandemic on gynaecology, obstetrics and reproductive medicine in Germany-learning from Italy.", "journal": "Minerva Ginecol", "authors": ["Findeklee, Sebastian", "Morinello, Emanuela"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403911", "countries": ["China", "Italy", "Germany"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The infection with the novel SARS Cov-2 corona virus, the cause of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, possessing its origin in the Chinese province Hubei, has reached the extent of a global pandemic within a few months. After aerosol infection, most people experience mild respiratory infection with cold symptoms such as cough and fever, and healing within two weeks. In about 5% of those infected, however, a severe course develops with the occurrence of multiple sub pleural bronchopulmonary infiltrates and even death as a result of respiratory failure. The corona virus pandemic has multiple impacts on social life that have not been seen before. For example, the government adopted measures to curb the exponential spread of the virus, which included a significant reduction in social contacts. Furthermore, the specialist societies recommended that no elective treatments be carried out during the pandemic period. This review article considers epidemiological aspects of novel corona virus infection and presents both the clinical as well the possible economic effects of the pandemic on gynaecology, obstetrics and reproductive medicine in Germany in the past, present and future. In addition, useful preventive measures for daily clinical work and the previously known scientific findings dealing with the impact of corona virus on pregnancy and birth are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32447127, "pmcid": "PMC7255119", "title": "COVID-19 pandemic, infodemic and the role of eHealth literacy.", "journal": "Int J Nurs Stud", "authors": ["Chong, Yuen Yu", "Cheng, Ho Yu", "Chan, Helen Yue Lai", "Chien, Wai Tong", "Wong, Samuel Yeung Shan"], "date": "2020-05-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32447127", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32374799, "title": "Why psychiatric treatment must not be neglected during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Braz J Psychiatry", "authors": ["Correa, Humberto", "Malloy-Diniz, Leandro F", "da Silva, Antonio G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374799", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32303497, "title": "Chloroquine and COVID-19 - a potential game changer?", "journal": "Clin Med (Lond)", "authors": ["Sturrock, Beattie Rh", "Chevassut, Timothy Jt"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303497", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, causing the disease COVID-19, first emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and has now spread to 203 countries or territories, infected over 2 million people and caused over 133,000 deaths. There is an urgent need for specific treatments. One potential treatment is chloroquine and its derivatives, including hydroxychloroquine, which have both antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. These compounds are effective against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, but in vivo data are lacking. Although some encouraging outcomes have been reported, and these results have been received enthusiastically, we recommend careful and critical evaluation of current evidence only when all methods and data are available for peer review. Chloroquine is safe and cheap. However, further evidence from coordinated multicentre trials is required before it can be confidently said whether it is effective against the current pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32019636, "pmcid": "PMC7014669", "title": "Note from the editors: World Health Organization declares novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) sixth public health emergency of international concern.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Eurosurveillance Editorial Team"], "date": "2020-02-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32019636", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404720, "title": "The \"Infodemic\" of Journal Publication Associated with the Novel Coronavirus Disease.", "journal": "J Bone Joint Surg Am", "authors": ["Gazendam, Aaron", "Ekhtiari, Seper", "Wong, Erin", "Madden, Kim", "Naji, Leen", "Phillips, Mark", "Mundi, Raman", "Bhandari, Mohit"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404720", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32211920, "pmcid": "PMC7095212", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): update for anesthesiologists and intensivists March 2020.", "journal": "Anaesthesist", "authors": ["Thomas-Ruddel, D", "Winning, J", "Dickmann, P", "Ouart, D", "Kortgen, A", "Janssens, U", "Bauer, M"], "date": "2020-03-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32211920", "countries": ["Germany"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Mechanism", "Transmission", "Prevention", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The current outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has reached Germany. The majority of people infected present with mild disease, but there are severe cases that need intensive care. Unlike other acute infectious diseases progressing to sepsis, the severe courses of COVID19 seemingly show prolonged progression from onset of first symptoms to life-threatening deterioration of (primarily) lung function. Diagnosis relies on PCR using specimens from the respiratory tract. Severe ARDS reflects the hallmark of a critical course of the disease. Preventing nosocomial infections (primarily by correct use of personal protective equipment) and maintenance of hospitals' operational capability are of utmost importance. Departments of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and emergency medicine will envisage major challenges."}, {"pmid": 32243815, "pmcid": "PMC7270730", "title": "Estimating case fatality rates of COVID-19.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Spychalski, Piotr", "Blazynska-Spychalska, Agata", "Kobiela, Jarek"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243815", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32250244, "pmcid": "PMC7198232", "title": "Potential harmful effects of discontinuing ACE-inhibitors and ARBs in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Elife", "authors": ["Rossi, Gian Paolo", "Sanga, Viola", "Barton, Matthias"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32250244", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The discovery of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) as the receptor for SARS- CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) has implicated the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and respiratory failure in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The angiotensin converting enzyme-1-angiotensin II-angiotensin AT1 receptor pathway contributes to the pathophysiology of ARDS, whereas activation of the ACE-2-angiotensin(1-7)-angiotensin AT2 receptor and the ACE-2-angiotensin(1-7)-Mas receptor pathways have been shown to be protective. Here we propose and discuss therapeutic considerations how to increase soluble ACE-2 in plasma in order for ACE-2 to capture and thereby inactivate SARS-CoV-2. This could be achieved by administering recombinant soluble ACE-2. We also discuss why and how ACEIs and ARBs provide cardiovascular, renal and also pulmonary protection in SARS-CoV-2- associated ARDS. Discontinuing these medications in COVID-19 patients may therefore potentially be harmful."}, {"pmid": 32336558, "pmcid": "PMC7102557", "title": "CRT 2020, COVID-19 and beyond.", "journal": "Cardiovasc Revasc Med", "authors": ["Waksman, Ron"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32336558", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32107911, "title": "[The importance of strengthening the ability of fundamental disease prevention and control system from the perspective of the epidemic situation of anti COVID-19].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Wang, M"], "date": "2020-02-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32107911", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 has been an epidemic for nearly two months. The prevention and control measures have achieved remarkable results. From the response and disposal process of this epidemic, it is revealed that human resources of fundamental disease prevention and control system are insufficient and the ability of laboratory testing is also weak. It is suggested that institutions for disease control and prevention should strengthen the construction in these aspects in the future."}, {"pmid": 32283219, "pmcid": "PMC7151239", "title": "Rapid Implementation of Inpatient Telepalliative Medicine Consultations During COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "J Pain Symptom Manage", "authors": ["Humphreys, Jessi", "Schoenherr, Laura", "Elia, Giovanni", "Saks, Naomi Tzril", "Brown, Chelsea", "Barbour, Susan", "Pantilat, Steven Z"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283219", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As coronavirus disease 2019 cases increase throughout the country and health care systems grapple with the need to decrease provider exposure and minimize personal protective equipment use while maintaining high-quality patient care, our specialty is called on to consider new methods of delivering inpatient palliative care (PC). Telepalliative medicine has been used to great effect in outpatient and home-based PC but has had fewer applications in the inpatient setting. As we plan for decreased provider availability because of quarantine and redeployment and seek to reach increasingly isolated hospitalized patients in the face of coronavirus disease 2019, the need for telepalliative medicine in the inpatient setting is now clear. We describe our rapid and ongoing implementation of telepalliative medicine consultation for our inpatient PC teams and discuss lessons learned and recommendations for programs considering similar care models."}, {"pmid": 32375150, "title": "Fulminant Acute Kidney Injury in a Young Patient with Novel Coronavirus 2019.", "journal": "Cardiorenal Med", "authors": ["Gopalakrishnan, Akshaya", "Mossaid, Ali", "Lo, Kevin Bryan", "Vasudevan, Viswanath", "McCullough, Peter A", "Rangaswami, Janani"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32375150", "countries": ["United States", "Italy", "China"], "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic affecting more than 200 countries and 180,000 cases in the United States. While the outbreak began in China, the number of cases outside of China exceeded those in China on March 15, 2020 and are currently rising at an exponential rate. The number of fatalities in the United States are expected to exceed more than Italy and China. The disease is characterized predominantly as an acute respiratory illness. However, preliminary data suggests that kidney is a target for the virus and deterioration of renal function was associated with poor outcomes including in-hospital mortality. We pre-sent a report of a patient with COVID-19 who presented with acute onset of symptoms and normal renal function at baseline but rapidly deteriorated resulting in death. The timing of decline in renal function correlated with his worsening clinical status. He was started on continuous veno-venous hemofiltration without signs of clinical benefit. We also present the possible mechanisms for acute kidney injury in these patients. We performed a review of the emerging literature by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE for studies and/or case series published on this topic. Acute kidney injury might help risk stratify critically ill patients on a fatal course of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32454031, "pmcid": "PMC7255296", "title": "Delivery For Respiratory Compromise Among Pregnant Women With COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Obstet Gynecol", "authors": ["McLaren, Rodney A Jr", "London, Viktoriya", "Atallah, Fouad", "McCalla, Sandra", "Haberman, Shoshana", "Fisher, Nelli", "Stein, Janet L", "Minkoff, Howard L"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32454031", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While rapid recourse to delivery after failed CPR has been shown to improve outcomes of pregnant patients with cardiac arrest,1,2 it is not known whether delivery improves or compromises the outcome of COVID patients with respiratory failure.3,4 Our objective was to evaluate the safety and utility of delivery of COVID-19 infected pregnant women needing respiratory support. This is a retrospective observational study of COVID-19 infected pregnant women (PCR diagnosed), with severe disease (defined per prior publications.3). A subset of these cases was previously presented, but without detail on the effect of delivery on disease (London, et al. \"The Relationship Between Status at Presentation and Outcomes Among Pregnant Women with COVID-19\" Am J Perinatol., in press). The study was exempted by IRB. Of 125 confirmed cases of COVID-19, twelve (9.6%) had severe disease (Table 1). Among the 12, three resolved spontaneously after transient respiratory support in hospital and were discharged home (one subsequently returned in preterm labor and delivered by cesarean two weeks later). Of the remaining nine who continued to need respiratory support, seven (77.8%) had iatrogenic preterm deliveries (six by cesarean delivery) for maternal respiratory distress (needing increasing levels of respiratory support without improved oxygen saturation), one had an early term delivery due to PROM, and one, now 30 weeks, has required intensive care with high-flow nasal cannula for three weeks. Of the eight patients delivering with maternal respiratory distress, seven did not require intubation, and one was intubated for emergent cesarean delivery, and remained on a ventilator for 19 days. Among the non-intubated, four had an improvement in oxygenation within two hours postpartum; two required less respiratory support, and two were taken completely off respiratory support. None of the other three required an increased level of respiratory support, and were off of all support between four and seven days postpartum. Delivery did not worsen the respiratory status of women with persistent oxygen desaturation and the need for increasing respiratory support. Among women not needing a ventilator, return of normal respiratory status after delivery occurred within hours to days. The one patient intubated intraoperatively took longer to recover. It is possible delivery may be less salutary when damage to the lungs are sufficient to warrant intubation. This series suggests that maternal respiratory distress should not be a contraindication to delivery."}, {"pmid": 32425429, "pmcid": "PMC7228883", "title": "Revisiting conservative orthopaedic management of fractures during COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Iyengar, Karthikeyan", "Vaish, Abhishek", "Vaishya, Raju"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425429", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 pandemic has brought the need to revisit the conservative management of orthopaedic injuries back into sharp focus. On the advent of COVID-19 pandemic, it has been acknowledged by the British Orthopaedic Association (BOA) emergency COVID-19 and the National Health Service England (NHSE) guidelines to manage urgent orthopaedic and trauma conditions pragmatically balancing optimum treatment of patients against clinical safety with resource utilization .The current Coronavirus outbreak has refocussed orthopaedic minds on managing many injuries conservatively, which would have otherwise been managed with operative fixations. We revisit the role of conservative orthopaedic management of fractures in the context of COVID-19 and current guidelines."}, {"pmid": 32303786, "pmcid": "PMC7163172", "title": "PET imaging of COVID-19: the target and the number.", "journal": "Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging", "authors": ["Guedj, E", "Verger, A", "Cammilleri, S"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303786", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32302437, "pmcid": "PMC7264556", "title": "Should SARS-CoV-2 influence immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune blistering diseases?", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Di Altobrando, Ambra", "Patrizi, Annalisa", "Bardazzi, Federico"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302437", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In this dramatic period where the whole world is affected by the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), scientific data relating to the causative virus SARS-CoV-2 as well as the subsequent therapeutic repercussions on the management of other diseases should be divulged in order to share as much information as possible among experts in a timely manner."}, {"pmid": 32417135, "pmcid": "PMC7224678", "title": "Complement activation in patients with COVID-19: A novel therapeutic target.", "journal": "J Allergy Clin Immunol", "authors": ["Cugno, Massimo", "Meroni, Pier Luigi", "Gualtierotti, Roberta", "Griffini, Samantha", "Grovetti, Elena", "Torri, Adriana", "Panigada, Mauro", "Aliberti, Stefano", "Blasi, Francesco", "Tedesco, Francesco", "Peyvandi, Flora"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417135", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32363963, "title": "Mucous membrane pemphigoid and COVID-19 treated with high-dose intravenous immunoglobulins: a case report.", "journal": "J Dermatolog Treat", "authors": ["Daneshpazhooh, Maryam", "Soori, Tahereh", "Isazade, Ahdie", "Noormohammadpour, Pedram"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32363963", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This is a report of a case with mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) with severe eye involvement and concurrent COVID-19 treated successfully using simultaneous high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and anti-viral treatment as hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and ribavirin. He had finished a 2-g cycle of rituximab (RTX) in late January. He was receiving mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for one month and 30\u2009mg prednisolone for three months until his hospitalization. Prednisolone was tapered to 15\u2009mg when current COVID-19 was suspected, considering his recent cough, dyspnea, and fever."}, {"pmid": 32352874, "title": "Nasal Pressure Injuries During the COVID-19 Epidemic.", "journal": "Ear Nose Throat J", "authors": ["Dell'Era, Valeria", "Aluffi Valletti, Paolo", "Garzaro, Massimiliano"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32352874", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32404219, "title": "Covid-19 and its impact on child and adolescent psychiatry - a German and personal perspective.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Fegert, Jorg M", "Schulze, Ulrike M E"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404219", "countries": ["Germany"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As in other European countries, the current Covid-19 pandemic has not only massively restricted normal life in Germany, it is also having a significant effect on medical treatment, particularly in the areas of child and adolescent psychiatric care, as well as on university teaching. The federal structure of Germany and epidemiological differences between individual federal states has had a crucial impact on the regulations issued and their success. During the last number of weeks, tele-child-psychiatry and psychotherapy have increased, and outpatient services have been used cautiously and sparingly. Medical staff numbers will be augmented by doctors and nurses returning from retirement and also by medical students on a voluntary basis. The federal government has warned that discrepancies in education will increase due to the closure of schools. Questions of child protection are currently of particular importance in the context of such closures and the non-availability of day-care centres."}, {"pmid": 32241884, "title": "Covid-19: four fifths of cases are asymptomatic, China figures indicate.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Day, Michael"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32241884", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380334, "pmcid": "PMC7198391", "title": "Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Neurosurgical Residency Training in New Orleans.", "journal": "World Neurosurg", "authors": ["Scullen, Tyler", "Mathkour, Mansour", "Maulucci, Christopher M", "Dumont, Aaron S", "Bui, Cuong J", "Keen, Joseph R"], "date": "2020-05-08T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380334", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32313847, "pmcid": "PMC7167586", "title": "Time to 'Buddy Up' - Simple Strategies to Support Oncologists During the Covid-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Adv Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Barry, Aisling", "Murphy, Tracy", "Prince, Rebecca", "May, Taymaa", "Zimmermann, Camilla", "Elliott, Mary"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313847", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32518089, "title": "Covid-19: Doctors launch judicial review over PPE failures.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Rimmer, Abi"], "date": "2020-06-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32518089", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32480115, "pmcid": "PMC7259905", "title": "Eating disorders in the age of COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Shah, Monica", "Sachdeva, Muskaan", "Johnston, Hariclia"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32480115", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243919, "pmcid": "PMC7270552", "title": "A Rapid Fatal Evolution of Coronavirus Disease-19 in a Patient With Advanced Lung Cancer With a Long-Time Response to Nivolumab.", "journal": "J Thorac Oncol", "authors": ["Bonomi, Lucia", "Ghilardi, Laura", "Arnoldi, Ermenegildo", "Tondini, Carlo Alberto", "Bettini, Anna Cecilia"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243919", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32216130, "pmcid": "PMC7228404", "title": "COVID-19 and economy.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Gupta, Mrinal", "Abdelmaksoud, Ayman", "Jafferany, Mohammad", "Lotti, Torello", "Sadoughifar, Roxanna", "Goldust, Mohamad"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32216130", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32441680, "title": "New Normal Terminology.", "journal": "Clin J Oncol Nurs", "authors": ["Carr, Ellen"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32441680", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has required us to recognize a new normal and other additions to our general and clinical vocabulary. Some were preexisting terms that now have been broadened or changed during these unprecedented times. Others have helped to bring to light some of the issues or difficulties that healthcare professionals faced prior to this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32301749, "title": "Analytical performances of a chemiluminescence immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG and antibody kinetics.", "journal": "Clin Chem Lab Med", "authors": ["Padoan, Andrea", "Cosma, Chiara", "Sciacovelli, Laura", "Faggian, Diego", "Plebani, Mario"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32301749", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background Coronavirus disease 2019, abbreviated to COVID-19, represents an emerging health threat worldwide as, after initial reports in China, it has continued to spread rapidly. The clinical spectrum of the disease varies from mild to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Moreover, many patients can be asymptomatic, thus increasing the uncertainty of the diagnostic work-up. Laboratory tests play a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19, the current gold standard being real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) on respiratory tract specimens. However, the diagnostic accuracy of rRT-PCR depends on many pre-analytical and analytical variables. The measurement of specific COVID-19 antibodies (both IgG and IgM) should serve as an additional, non-invasive tool for disease detection and management. Methods The imprecision of the MAGLUMI\u2122 2000 Plus 2019-nCov IgM and IgG assays (Snibe, Shenzhen, China) was assessed by adopting the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) EP15-A3 protocol. Linearity of dilution and recovery was evaluated by means of mixes of high-level pools and low-level pools of serum samples. Immunoglobulin time kinetics were evaluated using a series of serum samples, repeatedly collected from COVID-19-positive patients at different times, from <5 days up to 26-30 days. Results Findings at the analytical validation of the assay carried out according to the CLSI EP15-A3 guideline demonstrated that imprecision and repeatability were acceptable (repeatability was <4% and <6% for IgM and IgG, respectively, whilst intermediate imprecision was <6%). In addition, results of dilution and recovery studies were satisfactory. The kinetics of COVID-19 antibodies confirmed previously reported findings, showing a rapid increase of both IgM and IgG after 6-7 days from the symptom onset. IgG had 100% sensitivity on day 12, whilst 88% was the higher positive rate achieved for IgM after the same time interval. Conclusions The findings of this study demonstrate the validity of the MAGLUMI 2000 Plus CLIA assay for the measurement of specific IgM and IgG in sera of COVID-19 patients, and for obtaining valuable data on the kinetics of both (IgM and IgG) COVID-19 antibodies. These data represent a pre-requisite for the appropriate utilization of specific antibodies for the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 patients."}, {"pmid": 32475769, "pmcid": "PMC7211748", "title": "Consequences of COVID-19 on people with diabetes.", "journal": "Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr", "authors": ["Bellido, Virginia", "Perez, Antonio"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32475769", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531352, "pmcid": "PMC7280818", "title": "Importance of the evaluation of systemic microvascular flow and reactivity in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 - COVID-19.", "journal": "Microvasc Res", "authors": ["Tibirica, Eduardo", "De Lorenzo, Andrea"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531352", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Amidst the pandemic that has mesmerized the entire world, as it has not spared anyone according to any specific characteristic, some conditions have, in fact, emerged as risk factors for a complicated evolution of COVID-19. Older age, cardiovascular disease including hypertension, diabetes and pulmonary disease, have been associated with more severe presentations and/or adverse prognosis. In this letter to the editor, we propose that the link between cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and the higher incidence and worse prognosis of COVID-19 patients is the (micro) vascular endothelium."}, {"pmid": 32359101, "pmcid": "PMC7267506", "title": "A hypothesized role for dysregulated bradykinin signaling in COVID-19 respiratory complications.", "journal": "FASEB J", "authors": ["Roche, Joseph A", "Roche, Renuka"], "date": "2020-05-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32359101", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of April 20, 2020, over time, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in 157\u00a0970 deaths out of 2\u00a0319\u00a0066 confirmed cases, at a Case Fatality Rate of ~6.8%. With the pandemic rapidly spreading, and health delivery systems being overwhelmed, it is imperative that safe and effective pharmacotherapeutic strategies are rapidly explored to improve survival. In this paper, we use established and emerging evidence to propose a testable hypothesis that, a vicious positive feedback loop of des-Arg(9)-bradykinin- and bradykinin-mediated inflammation\u00a0\u2192\u00a0injury\u00a0\u2192\u00a0inflammation, likely precipitates life threatening respiratory complications in COVID-19. Through our hypothesis, we make the prediction that the FDA-approved molecule, icatibant, might be able to interrupt this feedback loop and, thereby, improve the clinical outcomes. This hypothesis could lead to basic, translational, and clinical studies aimed at reducing COVID-19 morbidity and mortality."}, {"pmid": 32450754, "title": "Inappropriate Nasopharyngeal Sampling for SARS-CoV-2 Detection Is a Relevant Cause of False-Negative Reports.", "journal": "Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg", "authors": ["Piras, Antonio", "Rizzo, Davide", "Uzzau, Sergio", "De Riu, Giacomo", "Rubino, Salvatore", "Bussu, Francesco"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32450754", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA on nasopharyngeal swab is the standard for diagnosing active COVID-19 disease in asymptomatic cases and in symptomatic patients without the typical radiologic findings. For the present COVID-19 outbreak in Italy, we describe 4 symptomatic patients with negative RT-PCR results at the first nasopharyngeal swab, which became positive when collected a few hours later by an otolaryngologist. All the patients showed nasal obstruction. The present report suggests that inadequate nasopharyngeal sampling performed by untrained operators in the presence of nasal obstruction can be a relevant case of false-negative findings at RT-PCR, with a clear negative impact on the efforts to contain the current outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32418460, "title": "Cardiac Surgery during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perioperative Considerations and Triage Recommendations.", "journal": "J Am Heart Assoc", "authors": ["Patel, Vivek", "Jimenez, Ernesto", "Cornwell, Lorraine", "Tran, Trung", "Paniagua, David", "Denktas, Ali E", "Chou, Andrew", "Hankins, Samuel J", "Bozkurt, Biykem", "Rosengart, Todd K", "Jneid, Hani"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418460", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) represents the third human affliction attributed to the highly pathogenic coronavirus in the current century. Due to its highly contagious nature and unprecedented global spread, its aggressive clinical presentation and the lack of effective treatment, SARS-CoV-2 infection is causing the losses of thousands of lives and imparting unparalleled strains on healthcare systems around the world. In the current report, we discuss perioperative considerations for patients undergoing cardiac surgery and provide clinicians with recommendations to effectively triage and plan these procedures during the COVID-19 outbreak. This will help reduce the risk of exposure to patients and healthcare workers and allocate resources appropriately to those in greatest need. We include an algorithm for preoperative testing for COVID-19, personal protective equipment (PPE) recommendations, and a classification system to categorize and prioritize common cardiac surgery procedures."}, {"pmid": 32497397, "title": "Psychophysical olfactory testing in COVID-19: is smell function really impaired in nearly all patients?", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Marino-Sanchez, Franklin", "Santamaria, Alfonso", "de Los Santos, Gonzalo", "Alobid, Isam", "Mullol, Joaquim"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32497397", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32388936, "title": "[Interim Guidelines for Prevention and Control of COVID-19 for Oversea Returnees].", "journal": "Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi", "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32388936", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32270359, "pmcid": "PMC7141930", "title": "Acute stroke management pathway during Coronavirus-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Baracchini, Claudio", "Pieroni, Alessio", "Viaro, Federica", "Cianci, Vito", "Cattelan, Anna M", "Tiberio, Ivo", "Munari, Marina", "Causin, Francesco"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32270359", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic which in our region, Veneto (Italy), dates back to February, we were confronted with several challenges, but with a constant aim of keeping our Stroke Unit COVID-free. For this reason, in addition to creating a dedicated hot-spot as a pre-triage just outside the Emergency Department, together with the Neuroradiology Unit we obtained a mobile CT unit that could be used by COVID-positive or COVID-suspected patients. Furthermore, thanks to the collaboration with colleagues from different specialties (Infectious Disease, Internal Medicine, Intensive Care, Emergency Medicine), dedicated areas for COVID patients were activated. This led to a substantial change of our acute stoke management pathway. As the number of COVID patients increased, and the WHO declared a state of pandemic, this new stroke pathway has been fully tested. We would like to share our experience and send a clear message to keep a high attention on stroke as an emergency condition, because we have observed a decreased number of patients with minor strokes and TIAs, longer onset-to-door and door-to-treatment times for major strokes, and a reduced number of transfers from spokes. We strongly believe that the general population and family doctors are rightly focused on COVID. However, to remain at home with stroke symptoms does not mean to \"stay safe at home\"."}, {"pmid": 32326343, "pmcid": "PMC7221591", "title": "Can Nanotechnology and Materials Science Help the Fight against SARS-CoV-2?", "journal": "Nanomaterials (Basel)", "authors": ["Sportelli, Maria Chiara", "Izzi, Margherita", "Kukushkina, Ekaterina A", "Hossain, Syed Imdadul", "Picca, Rosaria Anna", "Ditaranto, Nicoletta", "Cioffi, Nicola"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32326343", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since 2004, we have been developing nanomaterials with antimicrobial properties, the so-called nanoantimicrobials. When the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged, we started investigating new and challenging routes to nanoantivirals. The two fields have some important points of contact. We would like to share with the readership our vision of the role a (nano)materials scientist can play in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. As researchers specifically working on surfaces and nanomaterials, in this letter we underline the importance of nanomaterial-based technological solutions in several aspects of the fight against the virus. While great resources are understandably being dedicated to treatment and diagnosis, more efforts could be dedicated to limit the virus spread. Increasing the efficacy of personal protection equipment, developing synergistic antiviral coatings, are only two of the cases discussed. This is not the first nor the last pandemic: our nanomaterials community may offer several technological solutions to challenge the ongoing and future global health emergencies. Readers' feedback and suggestions are warmly encouraged."}, {"pmid": 32232568, "pmcid": "PMC7104709", "title": "Ocular manifestation, eye protection, and COVID-19.", "journal": "Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Mungmungpuntipantip, Rujittika", "Wiwanitkit, Viroj"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32232568", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32499538, "pmcid": "PMC7270740", "title": "Poor outcome in patients with acute leukemia on intensive chemotherapy and COVID-19.", "journal": "Bone Marrow Transplant", "authors": ["Nunez-Torron, Claudia", "Garcia-Gutierrez, Valentin", "Tenorio-Nunez, Maria Concepcion", "Moreno-Jimenez, Gemma", "Lopez-Jimenez, Francisco Javier", "Herrera-Puente, Pilar"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32499538", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32356032, "pmcid": "PMC7191543", "title": "COVID-19 and Antiretroviral Therapies: South Africa's Charge Towards 90-90-90 in the Midst of a Second Pandemic.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Mendelsohn, Andrea S", "Ritchwood, Tiarney"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32356032", "countries": ["South Africa"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32420918, "title": "Foreword: Research in times of pandemic COVID-19.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Vanelli, Maurizio", "Signorelli, Carlo", "De Sanctis, Vincenzo"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420918", "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Editorial."}, {"pmid": 32418278, "title": "#EducationInTheTimeOfCOVID: Leveraging Social Media to Teach during Pandemic Pandemonium.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Coleman, Caroline G", "Law, Karen L", "Spicer, Jennifer O"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418278", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330469, "pmcid": "PMC7172836", "title": "Managing Asthma during Coronavirus Disease-2019: An Example for Other Chronic Conditions in Children and Adolescents.", "journal": "J Pediatr", "authors": ["Abrams, Elissa M", "Szefler, Stanley J"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330469", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32527666, "title": "Patterns of Adult and Paediatric Hand Trauma During the COVID-19 Lockdown.", "journal": "J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg", "authors": ["Garude, Kirti", "Natalwala, Ibrahim", "Hughes, Benedict", "West, Christopher", "Bhat, Waseem"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527666", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32531138, "title": "Clinical course and treatment efficacy of COVID-19 near Hubei Province, China: a multicentre, retrospective study.", "journal": "Transbound Emerg Dis", "authors": ["Zeng, Qing-Lei", "Li, Guang-Ming", "Ji, Fanpu", "Ma, Shu-Huan", "Zhang, Guo-Fan", "Xu, Jiang-Hai", "Lin, Wan-Bao", "Xu, Guang-Hua", "Zhang, Guo-Qiang", "Li, Guo-Tao", "Cui, Guang-Lin", "Liu, Na", "Zeng, Fan-Jun", "Ai, Zhi-Guo", "Xu, Guang-Feng", "Liu, Na", "Liang, Jie", "Zhang, Min-Min", "Li, Cheng", "Zhang, Zhi-Hao", "Wang, Ze-Shuai", "Li, Zongfang", "Yu, Zu-Jiang"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32531138", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Currently, COVID-19 has been reported in nearly all countries globally. To date, little is known about the viral shedding duration, clinical course, and treatment efficacy of COVID-19 near Hubei Province, China. This multicentre, retrospective study was performed in 12 hospitals in Henan and Shaanxi Provinces from January 20 to February 8, 2020. Clinical outcomes were followed up until March 26, 2020. The viral shedding duration, full clinical course, and treatment efficacy were analysed in different subgroups of patients. A total of 149 COVID-19 patients were enrolled. The median age was 42 years, and 61.1% (91) were males. Of them, 133 (89.3%) had fever, 131 of 144 (91%) had pneumonia, 27 (18.1%) required intensive care unit (ICU) management, 3 (2%) were pregnant, and 3 (2%) died. Two premature newborns were negative for SARS-CoV-2. In total, the median SARS-CoV-2 shedding period and clinical course were 12 (IQR: 9-17; mean: 13.4, 95% CI: 12.5, 14.2) and 20 (IQR: 16-24; mean: 21.2, 95% CI: 20.1, 22.3) days, respectively; and ICU patients had longer median viral shedding periods (21 [17-24] vs 11 [9-15]) and clinical courses (30 [22-33] vs 19 [15.8-22]) than non-ICU patients (both p<0.0001). SARS-CoV-2 clearances occurred at least 2 days before fatality in 3 non-survivors. Current treatment with any antiviral agent or combination did not present the benefit of shortening viral shedding period and clinical course (all p>0.05) in real-life settings. In conclusion, the viral shedding duration and clinical course in Henan and Shaanxi Provinces were shorter than those in Hubei Province, and current antiviral therapies were ineffective for shortening viral shedding duration and clinical course in real-world settings. These findings expand our knowledge of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and may be helpful for management of the epidemic outbreak of COVID-19 worldwide. Further studies concerning effective antiviral agents and vaccines are urgently needed."}, {"pmid": 32362224, "title": "Getting Ready for COVID-19.", "journal": "Psychiatr Serv", "authors": ["Torrey, William C"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32362224", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32360480, "pmcid": "PMC7189851", "title": "Candidate drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.", "journal": "Pharmacol Res", "authors": ["McKee, Dwight L", "Sternberg, Ariane", "Stange, Ulrike", "Laufer, Stefan", "Naujokat, Cord"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360480", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Outbreak and pandemic of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in 2019/2020 will challenge global health for the future. Because a vaccine against the virus will not be available in the near future, we herein try to offer a pharmacological strategy to combat the virus. There exists a number of candidate drugs that may inhibit infection with and replication of SARS-CoV-2. Such drugs comprise inhibitors of TMPRSS2 serine protease and inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Blockade of ACE2, the host cell receptor for the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and inhibition of TMPRSS2, which is required for S protein priming may prevent cell entry of SARS-CoV-2. Further, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, and off-label antiviral drugs, such as the nucleotide analogue remdesivir, HIV protease inhibitors lopinavir and ritonavir, broad-spectrum antiviral drugs arbidol and favipiravir as well as antiviral phytochemicals available to date may limit spread of SARS-CoV-2 and morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32501362, "pmcid": "PMC7250108", "title": "Experimental and numerical study of potential infection risks from exposure to bioaerosols in one BSL-3 laboratory.", "journal": "Build Environ", "authors": ["Liu, Zhijian", "Zhuang, Wenbin", "Hu, Lingfei", "Rong, Rui", "Li, Jinsong", "Ding, Wenjun", "Li, Na"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32501362", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs) are defined as infections of laboratory staff by exposure to pathogenic microorganisms during an experimental procedure. For a biosafety level-3 (BSL-3) laboratory with a high potential of exposure, reducing risks and threats relevant to LAIs has become a critical concern, especially after the recent outbreak of Novel Coronavirus causing COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. This study aimed to investigate the spatial-temporal characteristics of bioaerosol dispersion and deposition of two kinds of bioaerosols (Serratia marcescens and phage \u03a6X174). A combination of laboratory experiment and numerical simulation was adopted to explore bioaerosol removal. Three-dimensional concentration iso-surface mapping in conjunction with flow field analysis was employed to elucidate bioaerosol migration and deposition behavior. The total deposition number and unit area deposition ratio were calculated for different surfaces. The results indicate that bioaerosol concentration remains stable for up to 400\u00a0s after release, and that almost 70% of all bioaerosol particles become deposited on the surfaces of walls and equipment. Vortex flow regions and high-concentration regions were determined, and the most severely contaminated surfaces and locations were identified. Our results could provide the scientific basis for controlling the time interval between different experiments and also provide guidelines for a laboratory disinfection routine. Furthermore, future work regarding laboratory layout optimization and high efficiency air distribution for bioaerosol removal in a BSL-3 laboratory should be emphasized."}, {"pmid": 32430427, "pmcid": "PMC7241112", "title": "COVID-19 and vaping: risk for increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection?", "journal": "Eur Respir J", "authors": ["McAlinden, Kielan Darcy", "Eapen, Mathew Suji", "Lu, Wenying", "Chia, Collin", "Haug, Greg", "Sohal, Sukhwinder Singh"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32430427", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32298769, "pmcid": "PMC7194911", "title": "The COVID-19 pandemic will have a long-lasting impact on the quality of cirrhosis care.", "journal": "J Hepatol", "authors": ["Tapper, Elliot B", "Asrani, Sumeet K"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298769", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has shattered the meticulously developed processes by which we delivered quality care for patients with cirrhosis. Care has been transformed by the crisis, but enduring lessons have been learned. In this article, we review how COVID-19 will impact cirrhosis care. We describe how this impact unfolds over 3 waves; i) an intense period with prioritized high-acuity care with delayed elective procedures and routine care during physical distancing, ii) a challenging 'return to normal' following the end of physical distancing, with increased emergent decompensations, morbidity, and systems of care overwhelmed by the backlog of deferred care, and iii) a protracted period of suboptimal outcomes characterized by missed diagnoses, progressive disease and loss to follow-up. We outline the concrete steps required to preserve the quality of care provided to patients with cirrhosis. This includes an intensification of the preventative care provided to patients with compensated cirrhosis, proactive chronic disease management, robust telehealth programs, and a reorganization of care delivery to provide a full service of care with flexible clinical staffing. Managing the pandemic of a serious chronic disease in the midst of a global infectious pandemic is challenging. It is incumbent upon the entire healthcare establishment to be strong enough to weather the storm. Change is needed."}, {"pmid": 32471899, "title": "Case series of acute arthritis during COVID-19 admission.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Lopez-Gonzalez, Maria-Del-Carmen", "Peral-Garrido, Maria Luisa", "Calabuig, Irene", "Tovar-Sugranes, Ernesto", "Jovani, Vega", "Bernabeu, Pilar", "Garcia-Sevila, Raquel", "Leon-Ramirez, Jose-Manuel", "Moreno-Perez, Oscar", "Boix, Vicente", "Gil, Joan", "Merino, Esperanza", "Vela, Paloma", "Andres, Mariano"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471899", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32405218, "pmcid": "PMC7211812", "title": "Effects of COVID-19 pandemic in the field of orthopaedics.", "journal": "J Clin Orthop Trauma", "authors": ["Haleem, Abid", "Javaid, Mohd", "Vaishya, Raju", "Vaish, Abhishek"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32405218", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32305252, "pmcid": "PMC7128762", "title": "Smartphone-enabled wireless otoscope-assisted online telemedicine during the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Meng, Xiangming", "Dai, Zhiyong", "Hang, Chao", "Wang, Yangyang"], "date": "2020-04-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32305252", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32380908, "title": "Exosomes Derived from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Treatment for Severe COVID-19.", "journal": "Stem Cells Dev", "authors": ["Sengupta, Vikram", "Sengupta, Sascha", "Lazo, Angel", "Woods, Peter", "Nolan, Anna", "Bremer, Nicholas"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32380908", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This prospective nonrandomized open-label cohort study addresses the safety and efficacy of exosomes (ExoFlo\u2122) derived from allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as treatment for severe COVID-19. During April 2020, ExoFlo was provided to 24 SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction-positive patients at a single hospital center, all of whom met criteria for severe COVID-19 as well as moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Patients received a single 15\u2009mL intravenous dose of ExoFlo and were evaluated for both safety and efficacy from days 1 to 14 post-treatment. All safety endpoints were met with no adverse events observed within 72\u2009h of ExoFlo administration. A survival rate of 83% was observed. In total, 17 of 24 (71%) patients recovered, 3 of 24 (13%) patients remained critically ill though stable, and 4 of 24 (16%) patients expired for reasons unrelated to the treatment. Overall, after one treatment, patients' clinical status and oxygenation improved with an average pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (PaO2/FiO2) increase of 192% (P\u2009<\u20090.001). Laboratory values revealed significant improvements in absolute neutrophil count [mean reduction 32% (P value <0.001)] and lymphopenia with average CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ lymphocyte counts increasing by 46% (P\u2009<\u20090.05), 45% (P\u2009<\u20090.05), and 46% (P\u2009<\u20090.001), respectively. Likewise, acute phase reactants declined, with mean C-reactive protein, ferritin, and D-dimer reduction of 77% (P\u2009<\u20090.001), 43% (P\u2009<\u20090.001), and 42% (P\u2009<\u20090.05), respectively. In conclusion, owing to its safety profile, capacity to restore oxygenation, downregulate cytokine storm, and reconstitute immunity, ExoFlo is a promising therapeutic candidate for severe COVID-19. Future randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to determine ExoFlo therapeutic potential."}, {"pmid": 32346594, "pmcid": "PMC7186132", "title": "Quantitative computed tomography of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.", "journal": "Radiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Cheng, Zenghui", "Qin, Le", "Cao, Qiqi", "Dai, Jianyi", "Pan, Ashan", "Yang, Wenjie", "Gao, Yaozong", "Chen, Lei", "Yan, Fuhua"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32346594", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To quantify coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and to explore whether quantitative computer tomography (CT) could be used to assess severity on admission. From January 17 to February 9, 2020, 38 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were consecutively enrolled in our hospitals. All clinical data and the chest CT on admission were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Firstly, a quantitative method based on multi-scale convolutional neural networks was used to assess the infected lung segments and this was compared with the semi-quantitative method. Secondly, the quantitative method was tested with laboratory results and the pneumonia severity index (PSI) by correlation analyses. Thirdly, both quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters between patients with different PSI were compared. Thirty cases were finally enrolled: 16 (53.33%) of them were male, and the mean age was 48 years old. The interval from onset symptoms to first chest CT scan was 8 days. The proportion of ground glass opacity (GGO), consolidation and the total lesion based on the quantitative method was positively correlated with the semi-quantitative CT score (P\u00a0<\u00a00.001 for all; rs\u00a0=\u00a00.88, 0.87, 0.90), CRP (P\u00a0=\u00a00.0278, 0.0168, 0.0078; rs\u00a0=\u00a00.40, 0.43, 0.48) and ESR (P\u00a0=\u00a00.0296, 0.0408, 0.0048; rs\u00a0=\u00a00.46, 0.44, 0.58), respectively, and was negatively correlated with the lymphocyte count (P\u00a0=\u00a00.0222, 0.0024, 0.0068; rs\u00a0=\u00a0-0.42, -0.53, -0.48). There was a positive correlation trend between the proportion of total infection and the pneumonia severity index (P\u00a0=\u00a00.0994; rs\u00a0=\u00a00.30) and a tendency that patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia had higher percentage of consolidation and total infection (P\u00a0=\u00a00.0903, 0.0989). Quantitative CT may have potential in assessing the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia on admission."}, {"pmid": 32321620, "pmcid": "PMC7188959", "title": "Corticosteroid use for 2019-nCoV infection: A double-edged sword.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Nasim, Sundus", "Kumar, Sohail", "Azim, Dua", "Ashraf, Zehra", "Azeem, Qiraat"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321620", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32087115, "pmcid": "PMC7158984", "title": "Open access epidemiological data from the COVID-19 outbreak.", "journal": "Lancet Infect Dis", "authors": ["Xu, Bo", "Kraemer, Moritz U G"], "date": "2020-02-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32087115", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412665, "pmcid": "PMC7261980", "title": "To resume noninvasive imaging detection safely after peak period of COVID-19: Experiences from Wuhan China.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["An, Xiangjie", "Song, Zexing", "Gao, Yaoying", "Tao, Juan", "Yang, Jing"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412665", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425197, "pmcid": "PMC7227573", "title": "Cardiovascular comorbidities, cardiac injury, and prognosis of COVID-19 in New York City.", "journal": "Am Heart J", "authors": ["Kuno, Toshiki", "Takahashi, Mai", "Obata, Reiichiro", "Maeda, Tetsuro"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425197", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Using Mt. Sinai (New York City) EMR health system data, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 8438 COVID-19 patients seen between March 1 and April 22, 2020. Risk of intubation and of death rose as a function of increasing age and as a function of greater cardiovascular comorbidity. Combining age and specific comorbidity markers showed patterns suggesting that cardiovascular comorbidities increased relative risks for adverse outcomes most substantially in the younger subjects with progressively diminishing relative effects at older ages."}, {"pmid": 32298034, "pmcid": "PMC7262169", "title": "How to avoid nosocomial spread during tracheostomy for COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Head Neck", "authors": ["Xiao, Hongjun", "Zhong, Yi", "Zhang, Xiaomeng", "Cai, Fucheng", "Varvares, Mark A"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298034", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32349113, "pmcid": "PMC7227209", "title": "COVID-19: Special Precautions in Ophthalmic Practice and FAQs on Personal Protection and Mask Selection.", "journal": "Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila)", "authors": ["Lam, Dennis S C", "Wong, Raymond Lai Man", "Lai, Kenny Ho Wa", "Ko, Chung-Nga", "Leung, Hiu Ying", "Lee, Vincent Yau Wing", "Lau, Johnson Yiu Nam", "Huang, Suber S"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32349113", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2, was first reported in December 2019. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020 and as of April 17, 2020, 210 countries are affected with >2,000,000 infected and 140,000 deaths. The estimated case fatality rate is around 6.7%. We need to step up our infection control measures immediately or else it may be too late to contain or control the spread of COVID-19. In case of local outbreaks, the risk of infection to healthcare workers and patients is high. Ophthalmic practice carries some unique risks and therefore high vigilance and special precautions are needed. We share our protocols and experiences in the prevention of infection in the current COVID-19 outbreak and the previous severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic in Hong Kong. We also endeavor to answer the key frequently asked questions in areas of the coronaviruses, COVID-19, disease transmission, personal protection, mask selection, and special measures in ophthalmic practices. COVID-19 is highly infectious and could be life-threatening. Using our protocol and measures, we have achieved zero infection in our ophthalmic practices in Hong Kong and China. Preventing spread of COVID-19 is possible and achievable."}, {"pmid": 32471705, "pmcid": "PMC7250556", "title": "[Responsiveness and sustainability of psychiatric care in France during COVID-19 epidemic].", "journal": "Encephale", "authors": ["Bocher, R", "Jansen, C", "Gayet, P", "Gorwood, P", "Laprevote, V"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471705", "countries": ["France"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The sudden changes of healthcare system due to COVID-19 particularly affect the organization of psychiatry. The objective of this review is to examine the adaptations of psychiatric care in France during this pandemic. This narrative review is based on the observation of changes made in French psychiatric hospitals and on an analysis of the literature. Regarding psychiatric hospitalization, the COVID-19 epidemic required rapid measures that profoundly modified the conditions of patients' reception, forcing the medical staffs to adapt their methods of care. The authors noted the creation of at least 89 wards specifically dedicated to patients with COVID-19 needing psychiatric hospitalization, allowing dual care of general medicine and psychiatry. Regarding ambulatory care, maintaining patients with long-term follow-up was a priority. Patients recalling and teleconsultation have been precious resources but cannot entirely replace face-to-face consultations. COVID-19 epidemic created unprecedented situation of large-scale upheavals in the healthcare system and in society. Despite the absence of previous recommendations on the subject, French psychiatry has shown great adaptability. Some changes could inspire post-COVID-19 care."}, {"pmid": 32364047, "title": "COVID-19.", "journal": "Soc Stud Sci", "authors": ["Sismondo, Sergio"], "date": "2020-05-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32364047", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32392364, "pmcid": "PMC7273100", "title": "Political polarization at the time of the coronavirus: A Brazilian's view.", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Leao, Jair Carneiro"], "date": "2020-05-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32392364", "countries": ["Brazil"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32439730, "title": "Use of specific antimicrobials for COVID-19: should we prescribe them now or wait for more evidence?", "journal": "Postgrad Med J", "authors": ["AlAkhras, Abdullah", "AlMessabi, Ahmed Husein", "Abuzeid, Hala", "Khoo, Saye", "Nsutebu, Emmanuel Fru"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32439730", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32234150, "title": "[Interpretation of \"Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection by the National Health Commission (Trial Version 5)\"].", "journal": "Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi", "authors": ["Lin, L", "Li, T S"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32234150", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32478289, "pmcid": "PMC7251277", "title": "The origin of SARS-CoV-2 in Istanbul: Sequencing findings from the epicenter of the pandemic in Turkey.", "journal": "North Clin Istanb", "authors": ["Karacan, Ilker", "Akgun, Tugba Kizilboga", "Agaoglu, N Bugra", "Irvem, Arzu", "Alkurt, Gizem", "Yildiz, Jale", "Kose, Betsi", "Ozel, A Serra", "Altunal, L Nilsun", "Can, Nisan Denizce", "Demirkol, Yasemin Kendir", "Aydin, Mehtap", "Dogan, Ozlem Akgun", "Doganay, Levent", "Doganay, Gizem Dinler"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478289", "countries": ["China", "Turkey"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Turkey is one of the latest countries that COVID-19 disease was reported, with the first case on March 11, 2020, and since then, Istanbul became the epicenter of the pandemic in Turkey. Here, we reveal sequences of the virus isolated from three different patients with various clinical presentations. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens of the patients were tested positive for the COVID-19 by qRT-PCR. Viral RNA extraction was performed from the same swab samples. Amplicon based libraries were prepared and sequenced using the Illumina NextSeq platform. Raw sequencing data were processed for variant calling and generating near-complete genome sequences. All three genomes were evaluated and compared with other worldwide isolates. The patients showed various clinics (an asymptomatic patient, patient with mild disease, and with severe pulmonary infiltration). Amplicon-based next-generation sequencing approach successfully applied to generate near-complete genomes with an average depth of 2.616. All three viral genomes carried the D614G variant (G clade according to GISAID classification) with implications for the origin of a spread first through China to Europe then to Istanbul. Here, we report the viral genomes circulating in Istanbul for the first time. Further sequencing of the virus isolates may enable us to understand variations in disease presentation and association with viral factors if there is any. In addition, the sequencing of more viral genomes will delineate the spread of disease and will guide and ease the necessary measures taken to stem the spread of the novel coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32491194, "title": "Colorectal cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Surg", "authors": ["Tutton, M G"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32491194", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32236478, "pmcid": "PMC7184342", "title": "Speculation is not evidence: antihypertensive therapy and COVID-19.", "journal": "Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Pharmacother", "authors": ["de Simone, Giovanni", "Mancusi, Costantino"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32236478", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425294, "pmcid": "PMC7227559", "title": "Weathering the COVID-19 storm: Lessons from hematologic cytokine syndromes.", "journal": "Blood Rev", "authors": ["England, James T", "Abdulla, Alym", "Biggs, Catherine M", "Lee, Agnes Y Y", "Hay, Kevin A", "Hoiland, Ryan L", "Wellington, Cheryl L", "Sekhon, Mypinder", "Jamal, Shahin", "Shojania, Kamran", "Chen, Luke Y C"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425294", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A subset of patients with severe COVID-19 develop profound inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction consistent with a \"Cytokine Storm Syndrome\" (CSS). In this review we compare the clinical features, diagnosis, and pathogenesis of COVID-CSS with other hematological CSS, namely secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH), idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease (iMCD), and CAR-T cell therapy associated Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS). Novel therapeutics targeting cytokines or inhibiting cell signaling pathways have now become the mainstay of treatment in these CSS. We review the evidence for cytokine blockade and attenuation in these known CSS as well as the emerging literature and clinical trials pertaining to COVID-CSS. Established markers of inflammation as well as cytokine levels are compared and contrasted between these four entities in order to establish a foundation for future diagnostic criteria of COVID-CSS."}, {"pmid": 32303920, "pmcid": "PMC7164840", "title": "Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Haiti: A Call for Action.", "journal": "J Community Health", "authors": ["Louis-Jean, James", "Cenat, Kenney", "Sanon, Debbie", "Stvil, Ruthonce"], "date": "2020-04-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32303920", "countries": ["Haiti"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Recently, the cholera outbreak in Haiti demonstrated just how unprepared the country is to rapidly isolate an outbreak of this magnitude, and its vulnerability to the COVID-19 pandemic. This communication briefly examines the health system in Haiti and its vulnerability toward the COVID-19 outbreak."}, {"pmid": 32333757, "pmcid": "PMC7188126", "title": "When Past Isn't a Prologue: Adapting Informatics Practice During a Pandemic.", "journal": "J Am Med Inform Assoc", "authors": ["Kannampallil, Thomas G", "Foraker, Randi E", "Lai, Albert M", "Woeltje, Keith F", "Payne, Philip R O"], "date": "2020-04-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32333757", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Data and information technology are key to every aspect of our response to the current COVID-19 pandemic-from how we diagnose patients and deliver care, to the development of predictive models of disease spread, to the management of personnel and equipment. The increasing engagement of informaticians at the forefront of these efforts has been a fundamental shift: from an academic to an operational role. However, the past history of informatics as a scientific domain and an area of applied practice provides little guidance or prologue for the incredible challenges that we are now tasked with performing. Building upon our recent experiences, we present four critical lessons-learned that have helped shape our scalable, data-driven response to COVID-19. We describe each of these lessons within the context of specific solutions and strategies we applied in addressing the challenges that we faced."}, {"pmid": 32360351, "pmcid": "PMC7177103", "title": "Interventional oncology at the time of COVID-19 pandemic: Problems and solutions.", "journal": "Diagn Interv Imaging", "authors": ["Denys, A", "Guiu, B", "Chevallier, P", "Digklia, A", "de Kerviler, E", "de Baere, T"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360351", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply impacted the activity of interventional oncology in hospitals and cancer centers. In this review based on official recommendations of different international societies, but also on local solutions found in different expert large-volume centers, we discuss the changes that need to be done for the organization, safety, and patient management in interventional oncology. A literature review of potential solutions in a context of scarce anesthesiologic resources, limited staff and limited access to hospital beds are proposed and discussed based on the literature data."}, {"pmid": 32473964, "pmcid": "PMC7255092", "title": "Towards individualized and optimalized positioning of non-ventilated COVID-19 patients: Putting the affected parts of the lung(s) on top?", "journal": "Diabetes Metab", "authors": ["Froelich, Sebastien", "Mandonnet, Emmanuel", "Julla, Jean-Baptiste", "Touchard, Cyril", "Laloi-Michelin, Marie", "Kevorkian, Jean-Philippe", "Gautier, Jean-Francois"], "date": "2020-06-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32473964", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of COVID-19 led to an unprecedented inflow of hospitalised patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), requiring high-flow non-invasive oxygenation, if not invasive mechanical ventilation. While the best option in terms of non-invasive systems of oxygen delivery is still a matter of debate, it also remains unclear as to whether or not the optimal in-bed positioning of patients might also help to improve their oxygen saturation levels. On the basis of three representative cases, it is possible to propose the following hypotheses: (i) how patients are positioned has a strong influence on their oxygen saturation levels; (ii) saturation-optimalised positions are patient-specific; (iii) prone positions require ergonomic devices; and (iv) saturation-optimalised positions should aim to place the most affected part(s) of the lung(s) on top. Considered together, these hypotheses have led us to recommend that COVID-19 patients should undergo a specific assessment at admission to determine their saturation-optimalised in-bed position. However, further studies are still needed to assess the benefits of such a strategy on clinical outcomes."}, {"pmid": 32493443, "pmcid": "PMC7267761", "title": "Shift in indications for radiotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic? A review of organ-specific cancer management recommendations from multidisciplinary and surgical expert groups.", "journal": "Radiat Oncol", "authors": ["Vordermark, Dirk"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32493443", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To examine, if a shift in indications for radiotherapy is to be expected in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the database Pubmed was searched for multidisciplinary or surgical expert recommendations on the role of radiotherapy in modified treatment concepts. Increased use of radiotherapy or chemoradiation instead of surgical treatment was recommended for defined patient groups with head-and-neck cancer, lung cancer, cervix cancer, esophageal cancer and prostate cancer. Omission of radiotherapy was considered in elderly patients with low-risk breast cancer and in early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. Only adjustments to the timing of radiotherapy were discussed for sarcoma and rectal cancer. Emerging recommendations on multidisciplinary cancer treatment concepts during the COVID-19 pandemic indicate a shift in radiotherapy indications and a potentially increased demand for radiotherapy."}, {"pmid": 32345728, "title": "Scoping review of prevalence of neurologic comorbidities in patients hospitalized for COVID-19.", "journal": "Neurology", "authors": ["Herman, Collin", "Mayer, Kirby", "Sarwal, Aarti"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32345728", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents a challenge for neurologists caring for patients with preexisting neurologic conditions hospitalized for COVID-19 or for evaluation of patients who have neurologic complications during COVID-19 infection. We conducted a scoping review of the available literature on COVID-19 to assess the potential effect on neurologists in terms of prevalent comorbidities and incidence of new neurologic events in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL (EBSCO), and Scopus databases for adult patients with preexisting neurologic disease who were diagnosed and hospitalized for COVID-19 or reported incidence of secondary neurologic events following diagnosis of COVID-19. Pooled descriptive statistics of clinical data and comorbidities were examined. Among screened articles, 322 of 4,014 (8.0%) of hospitalized patients diagnosed and treated for COVID-19 had a preexisting neurologic illness. Four retrospective studies demonstrated an increased risk of secondary neurologic complications in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (incidence of 6%, 20%, and 36.4%, respectively). Inconsistent reporting and limited statistical analysis among these studies did not allow for assessment of comparative outcomes. Emerging literature suggests a daunting clinical relationship between COVID-19 and neurologic illness. Neurologists need to be prepared to reorganize their consultative practices to serve the neurologic needs of patients during this pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32299837, "title": "Gastroenterology department operational reorganisation at the time of covid-19 outbreak: an Italian and Chinese experience.", "journal": "Gut", "authors": ["Danese, Silvio", "Ran, Zhi Hua", "Repici, Alessandro", "Tong, Jinlu", "Omodei, Paolo", "Aghemo, Alessio", "Malesci, Alberto"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32299837", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32444743, "pmcid": "PMC7243239", "title": "Why re-invent the wheel if you've run out of road?", "journal": "Br Dent J", "authors": ["Hurley, Sara"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32444743", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 disruption to 'business as usual' presents an opportunity for a profound change in oral healthcare experience for our patients and our profession. While the prospect of change has dominated professional dialogue for years, the post-COVID-19 era offers choices with respect to pace, proximity, preparedness, protection and equity. There is potential for a determined revision of the current activity-driven clinical approach, with the adoption of the minimally invasive oral care philosophy into routine practice and use of technology to remotely support our patients. Throughout COVID-19, the whole of the dental profession has demonstrated adaptability in redeployment and compassion in delivering care in a variety of settings. These vital traits and bold clinical leadership, prepared to make timely choices and act fast, will underpin our successful transition towards the safe resumption of routine dental services. In making the right choices, we have at hand a future integrated dental team care model with time to concentrate on personalised prevention advice, as well as the provision of effective, highly skilled treatment."}, {"pmid": 32437642, "pmcid": "PMC7234780", "title": "Prevalence of obesity among adult inpatients with COVID-19 in France.", "journal": "Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol", "authors": ["Caussy, Cyrielle", "Pattou, Francois", "Wallet, Florent", "Simon, Chantal", "Chalopin, Sarah", "Telliam, Charlene", "Mathieu, Daniel", "Subtil, Fabien", "Frobert, Emilie", "Alligier, Maud", "Delaunay, Dominique", "Vanhems, Philippe", "Laville, Martine", "Jourdain, Merce", "Disse, Emmanuel"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32437642", "countries": ["France"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32355005, "title": "A COVID-19 recovery for climate.", "journal": "Science", "authors": ["Rosenbloom, Daniel", "Markard, Jochen"], "date": "2020-05-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32355005", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507520, "title": "[COVID-19: Pathogenesis of a multi-faceted disease].", "journal": "Rev Med Interne", "authors": ["Bonny, V", "Maillard, A", "Mousseaux, C", "Placais, L", "Richier, Q"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507520", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2\u00a0infection, named COVID-19, can lead to a dysregulated immune response and abnormal coagulation responsible for a viral sepsis. In this review, we specify physiopathological mechanisms of each phase of COVID-19 -\u00a0viral, immune and pro-thrombotic\u00a0- notably because they involve different treatment. Finally, we specify the physiopathological mechanisms of organ injury."}, {"pmid": 32312738, "title": "Contraception in the Era of COVID-19.", "journal": "Glob Health Sci Pract", "authors": ["Nanda, Kavita", "Lebetkin, Elena", "Steiner, Markus J", "Yacobson, Irina", "Dorflinger, Laneta J"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32312738", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32321878, "title": "Is GSK3beta a molecular target of chloroquine treatment against COVID-19?", "journal": "Drug Discov Ther", "authors": ["Embi, Mohammed Noor", "Ganesan, Nagesswary", "Sidek, Hasidah Mohd"], "date": "2020-04-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32321878", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The recent clinical trial reports pertaining to the efficacy of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine against COVID-19 albeit yet to be validated with larger clinical trials, have sparked much interest globally to evaluate whether this anti-malarial drug can be repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19. In addition to its anti-viral activity, the anti-inflammatory activity of chloroquine may also contribute to its efficacy. Based on our data obtained from an animal infection model of melioidosis (a disease caused by the bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei), treatment with chloroquine can result in the phosphorylation and consequent inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3\u03b2 (GSK3\u03b2). This serine/threonine protein kinase is now recognised as a point of convergence for host inflammatory response. In view of this, it is plausible that the mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of chloroquine against COVID-19 involves inhibition of host GSK3\u03b2."}, {"pmid": 32341604, "pmcid": "PMC7184980", "title": "Spinal anesthesia in COVID-19 patients, more research is needed.", "journal": "Braz J Anesthesiol", "authors": ["Hashemi, Masoud", "Taheri, Mehrdad", "Aminnejad, Reza"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32341604", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32456606, "title": "Synergistic effect of vitamin D and remdesivir can fight COVID-19.", "journal": "J Biomol Struct Dyn", "authors": ["Arya, Aditya", "Dwivedi, Vivek Dhar"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32456606", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32279480, "title": "Impact of COVID 19: perspectives from gastroenterology.", "journal": "Singapore Med J", "authors": ["Tay, Shu Wen", "Teh, Kevin Kim Jun", "Wang, Lai Mun", "Ang, Tiing Leong"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32279480", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515337, "title": "[Remdesivir til behandling af COVID-19-pneumoni].", "journal": "Ugeskr Laeger", "authors": ["Benfiels, Thomas", "Jensen, Thomas Ostergaard", "Johansen, Isik Somuncu", "Nielsen, Henrik", "Wiese, Lothar", "Ostergaard, Lars", "Lundgren, Jens"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515337", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32383833, "title": "Polish Archives of Internal Medicine in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.", "journal": "Pol Arch Intern Med", "authors": ["Undas, Anetta", "Gajos, Grzegorz"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383833", "countries": ["Poland"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32486477, "title": "Development of a Portable, Ultra-Rapid and Ultra-Sensitive Cell-Based Biosensor for the Direct Detection of the SARS-CoV-2 S1 Spike Protein Antigen.", "journal": "Sensors (Basel)", "authors": ["Mavrikou, Sophie", "Moschopoulou, Georgia", "Tsekouras, Vasileios", "Kintzios, Spyridon"], "date": "2020-06-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32486477", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "One of the key challenges of the recent COVID-19 pandemic is the ability to accurately estimate the number of infected individuals, particularly asymptomatic and/or early-stage patients. We herewith report the proof-of-concept development of a biosensor able to detect the SARS-CoV-2 S1 spike protein expressed on the surface of the virus. The biosensor is based on membrane-engineered mammalian cells bearing the human chimeric spike S1 antibody. We demonstrate that the attachment of the protein to the membrane-bound antibodies resulted in a selective and considerable change in the cellular bioelectric properties measured by means of a Bioelectric Recognition Assay. The novel biosensor provided results in an ultra-rapid manner (3 min), with a detection limit of 1 fg/mL and a semi-linear range of response between 10 fg and 1 \u03bcg/mL. In addition, no cross-reactivity was observed against the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Furthermore, the biosensor was configured as a ready-to-use platform, including a portable read-out device operated via smartphone/tablet. In this way, we demonstrate that the novel biosensor can be potentially applied for the mass screening of SARS-CoV-2 surface antigens without prior sample processing, therefore offering a possible solution for the timely monitoring and eventual control of the global coronavirus pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32382823, "pmcid": "PMC7203502", "title": "HIV Care Continuum and COVID-19 Outcomes Among People Living with HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Chicago, IL.", "journal": "AIDS Behav", "authors": ["Ridgway, Jessica P", "Schmitt, Jessica", "Friedman, Eleanor", "Taylor, Michelle", "Devlin, Samantha", "McNulty, Moira", "Pitrak, David"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32382823", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507120, "title": "COVID-19-Defining an invisible enemy within healthcare and the community.", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Musa, Saif", "Sivaramakrishnan, Anand", "Paget, Stephanie", "El-Mugamar, Husam"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507120", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32485487, "pmcid": "PMC7255285", "title": "Burnout and somatic symptoms among frontline healthcare professionals at the peak of the Italian COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Psychiatry Res", "authors": ["Barello, Serena", "Palamenghi, Lorenzo", "Graffigna, Guendalina"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485487", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Italy is among the most severely hit nations in terms of hospital patients' overload, and its healthcare workforce is struggling to cope with challenges that could threaten their own wellbeing. In this scenario, understanding the health-related consequences of COVID-19 outbreak on Italian frontline healthcare professionals is urgent. Our study provides a first account of the huge psycho-physical impact of COVID-19 outbreak for healthcare workers in Italy. Italian healthcare professionals reported relevant work-related psychological pressure, emotional burnout and somatic symptoms. This result requires attention as previous studies showed that emotional distress is associated with long-lasting effect on professionals' health, including risk of post-traumatic stress disorder."}, {"pmid": 32239472, "pmcid": "PMC7110986", "title": "Proposal of a low-dose, long-pitch, dual-source chest CT protocol on third-generation dual-source CT using a tin filter for spectral shaping at 100 kVp for CoronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients: a feasibility study.", "journal": "Radiol Med", "authors": ["Agostini, Andrea", "Floridi, Chiara", "Borgheresi, Alessandra", "Badaloni, Myriam", "Esposto Pirani, Paolo", "Terilli, Filippo", "Ottaviani, Letizia", "Giovagnoni, Andrea"], "date": "2020-04-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32239472", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To subjectively and objectively evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic reliability of a low-dose, long-pitch dual-source chest CT protocol on third-generation dual-source CT (DSCT) with spectral shaping at 100Sn\u00a0kVp for COVID-19 patients. Patients with COVID-19 and positive swab-test undergoing to a chest CT on third-generation DSCT were included. The imaging protocol included a dual-energy acquisition (HD-DECT, 90/150Sn\u00a0kVp) and fast, low-dose, long-pitch CT, dual-source scan at 100Sn\u00a0kVp (LDCT). Subjective (Likert Scales) and objective (signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios, SNR and CNR) analyses were performed; radiation dose and acquisition times were recorded. Nonparametric tests were used. The median radiation dose was lower for LDCT than HD-DECT (Effective dose, ED: 0.28\u00a0mSv vs. 3.28\u00a0mSv, p\u2009=\u20090.016). LDCT had median acquisition time of 0.62\u00a0s (vs 2.02\u00a0s, p\u2009=\u20090.016). SNR and CNR were significantly different in several thoracic structures between HD-DECT and LDCT, with exception of lung parenchyma. Qualitative analysis demonstrated significant reduction in motion artifacts (p\u2009=\u20090.031) with comparable diagnostic reliability between HD-DECT and LDCT. Ultra-low-dose, dual-source, fast CT protocol provides highly diagnostic images for COVID-19 with potential for reduction in dose and motion artifacts."}, {"pmid": 32374289, "title": "Expanding the concept of the professional integrity of obstetrics during a public health emergency.", "journal": "J Perinat Med", "authors": ["Chervenak, Frank A", "Grunebaum, Amos", "Bornstein, Eran", "Wasden, Shane", "Katz, Adi", "Rochelson, Burton L", "McCullough, Laurence B"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374289", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has placed great demands on many hospitals to maximize their capacity to care for affected patients. The requirement to reassign space has created challenges for obstetric services. We describe the nature of that challenge for an obstetric service in New York City. This experience raised an ethical challenge: whether it would be consistent with professional integrity to respond to a public health emergency with a plan for obstetric services that would create an increased risk of rare maternal mortality. We answered this question using the conceptual tools of professional ethics in obstetrics, especially the professional virtue of integrity. A public health emergency requires frameshifting from an individual-patient perspective to a population-based perspective. We show that an individual-patient-based, beneficence-based deliberative clinical judgment is not an adequate basis for organizational policy in response to a public health emergency. Instead, physicians, especially those in leadership positions, must frameshift to population-based clinical ethical judgment that focuses on reduction of mortality as much as possible in the entire population of patients served by a healthcare organization."}, {"pmid": 32434621, "title": "Turkey's response to COVID-19 in terms of mental health.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Ogutlu, Hakan"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434621", "countries": ["Turkey"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease (also known as COVID-19) continues to spread throughout the world. In Turkey, which has a strong health system, most hospitals have been turned into pandemic hospitals, elective procedures have been postponed, and doctors have been reassigned to treat COVID-19. Efforts to limit spread of COVID-19 have been effective in reducing the spread of COVID-19. Behind this success was not only the intrinsic strength of the health system but also the strict changes in everyday life wrought by the crisis. It is an inescapable fact that these new measures, such as the imposition of curfew and lockdown, have had a significant effect on the mental health of the general population. Anxiety caused by COVID-19 has spread to the mental state of everyone. Although coronavirus-related diseases will end soon, it is predicted that serious psychiatric disorders will be a lasting consequence of the pandemic. Despite the many negatives brought by COVID-19, it has led to a positive unity between the public and healthcare professionals, and in spite of significant risks to their own health, healthcare workers have risen to the challenge of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32420931, "title": "Covid-19 pandemic impact on mental health: a web-based cross-sectional survey on a sample of Italian general practitioners.", "journal": "Acta Biomed", "authors": ["Amerio, Andrea", "Bianchi, Davide", "Santi, Francesca", "Costantini, Luigi", "Odone, Anna", "Signorelli, Carlo", "Costanza, Alessandra", "Serafini, Gianluca", "Amore, Mario", "Aguglia, Andrea"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32420931", "countries": ["Italy"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the World Health Organization declared the new 2019 coronavirus disease (Covid-19) outbreak first a Public Health Emergency of International Concern and then a pandemic, Italy held more than 195.350 cases and 26.380 deaths. Working in the frontline with suspected Covid-19 infection patients, general practitioners (GPs) are daily under both physical and psychological pressure.\u00a0 Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was carried out on italian GPs working in Genoa (Italy), to assess the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on mental health. The survey was anonymous and a free Google Forms\u00ae software was used. One hundred thirty-one GPs completed the survey. Compared to GPs with absent or mild depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 < 10), GPs reporting moderate to severe depressive symptoms (N=30, 22.9%; PHQ-9 \u2265 10) reported more helplessness (96.7% vs. 79.2%, p=.025), spent more than three hours searching for COVID-19 information (43.3% vs. 19.8%, p=.024), perceived less adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) (6.7% vs. 23.8%, p=.049) and visited more COVID-19 infected patients (16.63 \u00b1 27.30 vs. 9.52 \u00b1 11.75, p=.041). Moreover, PHQ-9 \u2265 10 GPs reported a significant higher severity for both anxiety and insomnia (13.43 \u00b1 4.96 vs. 4.88 \u00b1 3.53 and 11.60 \u00b1 5.53 vs. 4.84 \u00b1 3.81, respectively; p<.001), and a worse quality of life in both mental (34.60 \u00b1 7.45 vs. 46.01 \u00b1 7.83, p<.001) and physical (43.50 \u00b1 9.37 vs. 52.94 \u00b1 4.78, p<.001) component summary. Our results give early insight into the urgent need to provide continuity of care for patients at the community-level, adequate PPE to GPs and a clear guidance from public health institutions. A precarious healthcare system both at a national and regional level might have triggered negative mental health outcomes in Italian GPs."}, {"pmid": 32360034, "title": "Recommendations of the Working Groups from the Spanish Society of Intensive and Critical Care Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) for the management of adult critically ill patients in the coronavirus disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Med Intensiva", "authors": ["Ballesteros Sanz, M A", "Hernandez-Tejedor, A", "Estella, A", "Jimenez Rivera, J J", "Gonzalez de Molina Ortiz, F J", "Sandiumenge Camps, A", "Vidal Cortes, P", "de Haro, C", "Aguilar Alonso, E", "Bordeje Laguna, L", "Garcia Saez, I", "Bodi, M", "Garcia Sanchez, M", "Parraga Ramirez, M J", "Alcaraz Penarrocha, R M", "Amezaga Menendez, R", "Burgueno Laguia, P"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32360034", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) as a pandemic. The spread and evolution of the pandemic is overwhelming the healthcare systems of dozens of countries and has led to a myriad of opinion papers, contingency plans, case series and emerging trials. Covering all this literature is complex. Briefly and synthetically, in line with the previous recommendations of the Working Groups, the Spanish Society of Intensive, Critical Medicine and Coronary Units (SEMICYUC) has prepared this series of basic recommendations for patient care in the context of the pandemic."}, {"pmid": 32416988, "pmcid": "PMC7183972", "title": "Minimising droplet and virus spread during and after tracheal extubation.", "journal": "Br J Anaesth", "authors": ["Kristensen, Michael S", "Thomsen, Jakob L D"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32416988", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340833, "pmcid": "PMC7142680", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A literature review.", "journal": "J Infect Public Health", "authors": ["Harapan, Harapan", "Itoh, Naoya", "Yufika, Amanda", "Winardi, Wira", "Keam, Synat", "Te, Haypheng", "Megawati, Dewi", "Hayati, Zinatul", "Wagner, Abram L", "Mudatsir, Mudatsir"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340833", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Diagnosis", "Treatment", "Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In early December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), occurred in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As of February 14, 2020, 49,053 laboratory-confirmed and 1,381 deaths have been reported globally. Perceived risk of acquiring disease has led many governments to institute a variety of control measures. We conducted a literature review of publicly available information to summarize knowledge about the pathogen and the current epidemic. In this literature review, the causative agent, pathogenesis and immune responses, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and management of the disease, control and preventions strategies are all reviewed."}, {"pmid": 32171807, "pmcid": "PMC7156807", "title": "Occupational skin disease among health care workers during the coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemic.", "journal": "J Am Acad Dermatol", "authors": ["Elston, Dirk M"], "date": "2020-03-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32171807", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32243191, "title": "Letter by Pilz et al Regarding Article, \"Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak on ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Care in Hong Kong, China\".", "journal": "Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes", "authors": ["Pilz, Stefan", "Theiler-Schwetz, Verena", "Trummer, Christian"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243191", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32227492, "pmcid": "PMC7228287", "title": "Proposal for International Standardization of the Use of Lung Ultrasound for Patients With COVID-19: A Simple, Quantitative, Reproducible Method.", "journal": "J Ultrasound Med", "authors": ["Soldati, Gino", "Smargiassi, Andrea", "Inchingolo, Riccardo", "Buonsenso, Danilo", "Perrone, Tiziano", "Briganti, Domenica Federica", "Perlini, Stefano", "Torri, Elena", "Mariani, Alberto", "Mossolani, Elisa Eleonora", "Tursi, Francesco", "Mento, Federico", "Demi, Libertario"], "date": "2020-04-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32227492", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Growing evidence is showing the usefulness of lung ultrasound in patients with the 2019 new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has now spread in almost every country in the world. In this study, we share our experience and propose a standardized approach to optimize the use of lung ultrasound in patients with COVID-19. We focus on equipment, procedure, classification, and data sharing."}, {"pmid": 32516656, "title": "Clinical characteristics associated with persistent olfactory and taste alterations in COVID-19: A preliminary report on 121 patients.", "journal": "Am J Otolaryngol", "authors": ["Lovato, Andrea", "Galletti, Cosimo", "Galletti, Bruno", "de Filippis, Cosimo"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32516656", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32442842, "pmcid": "PMC7214341", "title": "Modelling the evolution trajectory of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: experience and suggestions.", "journal": "Public Health", "authors": ["Liu, M", "Ning, J", "Du, Y", "Cao, J", "Zhang, D", "Wang, J", "Chen, M"], "date": "2020-05-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32442842", "countries": ["Italy", "Spain", "China", "United Kingdom", "United States"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan city, China, which has subsequently led to a global pandemic. At the time of writing, COVID-19 in Wuhan appears to be in the final phase and under control. However, many other countries, especially the US, Italy and Spain, are still in the early phases and dealing with increasing cases every day. Therefore, this article aims to summarise and share the experience of controlling the spread of COVID-19 in Wuhan and provide effective suggestions to enable other countries to save lives. Data from the National Health Commission of China are used to investigate the evolution trajectory of COVID-19 in Wuhan and discuss the impacts of the intervention strategies. A four-stage modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Removed (SEIR) model is presented. This model considers many influencing factors, including chunyun (the Spring festival), sealing off the city and constructing the Fangcang shelter hospitals. In addition, a novel method is proposed to address the abnormal data on 12-13 February as a result of changing diagnostic criteria. Four different scenarios are considered to capture different intervention measures in practice. The exposed population in Wuhan who moved out before sealing off the city have also been identified, and an analysis on where they had gone was performed using the Baidu Migration Index. The results demonstrate that the four-stage model was effective in forecasting the peak, size and duration of COVID-19. We found that the combined intervention measures are the only effective way to control the spread and not a single one of them can be omitted. We estimate that England will be another epicentre owing to its incorrect response at the initial stages of COVID-19. Fortunately, big data technology can help provide early warnings to new areas of the pandemic. The four-stage SEIR model was effective in capturing the evolution trajectory of COVID-19. Based on the model analysis, several effective suggestions are proposed to prevent and control the pandemic for countries that are still in the initial phases."}, {"pmid": 32458703, "pmcid": "PMC7255427", "title": "Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation dilemma during the COVID-19 era.", "journal": "Future Oncol", "authors": ["Samaha, Ramy", "Kattan, Joseph"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458703", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32395541, "pmcid": "PMC7210187", "title": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): the portrait of a perfect storm.", "journal": "Ann Transl Med", "authors": ["Lippi, Giuseppe", "Sanchis-Gomar, Fabian", "Henry, Brandon M"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395541", "topics": ["Prevention", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The \"novel\" coronavirus disease 2019 (abbreviated \"COVID-19\") is the third coronavirus outbreak emerging during the past two decades. This infectious disease, sustained by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been recently declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Despite the concerning epidemiological burden, many people, including some policymakers, are underestimating this pandemic and are remaining enigmatically inactive against a human pathology which, for a combination of reasons, can be reasonably defined as a perfect storm (i.e., the \"wrong virus\" at the \"wrong time\"). These many paradigmatic aspects include SARS-CoV-2 structure and peculiar biology of infection, high risk of inter-human transmission, long incubation time combined with early and sustained viral load, existence of asymptomatic or mildly-symptomatic carriers, viral shedding for days after symptom relief, unfavorable progression towards respiratory distress and death in up to 5-10% of patients thus causing dramatic healthcare challenges, as well as environmental contamination. Last but not least, the combination of the current case fatality rate with the extraordinary number of people that could be potentially infected by SARS-CoV-2 would permit to estimate that the worldwide deaths for COVID-19 may even approximate those recorded during World War II if appropriate restrictive measures for preventing human-to-human transmission are not readily undertaken. Everybody should be inexcusably aware that this is not a drill, and that the consequences of inadequate action will be tragedy."}, {"pmid": 32478611, "title": "Reply to \"Segmental Pulmonary Vascular Changes in COVID-19 Pneumonia\".", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Salehi, Sana", "Gholamrezanezhad, Ali"], "date": "2020-06-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32478611", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32247318, "pmcid": "PMC7204586", "title": "A Call for Randomized Controlled Trials to Test the Efficacy of Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine as Therapeutics against Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19).", "journal": "Am J Trop Med Hyg", "authors": ["Keshtkar-Jahromi, Maryam", "Bavari, Sina"], "date": "2020-04-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32247318", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32425465, "pmcid": "PMC7228704", "title": "COVID-19 and diabetes: No time to drag our feet during an untimely pandemic.", "journal": "J Diabetes Complications", "authors": ["Kyrou, Ioannis", "Robbins, Tim", "Randeva, Harpal S"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32425465", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32353183, "pmcid": "PMC7267618", "title": "Acute aorto-iliac and mesenteric arterial thromboses as presenting features of COVID-19.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Vulliamy, Paul", "Jacob, Sabu", "Davenport, Ross A"], "date": "2020-05-01T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32353183", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32410823, "pmcid": "PMC7221363", "title": "Covid19 pandemic; A practicing head and neck surgeon's perspective of an institutional model.", "journal": "Oral Oncol", "authors": ["Varghese, Bipin T"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32410823", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32340864, "pmcid": "PMC7142885", "title": "COVID-19: What Should Interventional Radiologists Know and What Can They Do?", "journal": "J Vasc Interv Radiol", "authors": ["Zhu, Hai-Dong", "Zeng, Chu-Hui", "Lu, Jian", "Teng, Gao-Jun"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32340864", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has been characterized as a \"pandemic\" by the World Health Organization and has resulted in 81,603 confirmed cases in China, among the 334,981 cases confirmed in 189 countries as of 09:00 am, March 24, 2020 (China central standard time). During the past 3 months, hundreds of thousands of Chinese health care workers, including interventional radiologists (IRs), have been fighting this battle against the horrifying COVID-19 disease. As IRs, what should we know and what can we do when facing this challenge? This paper shares the experience we have gone through."}, {"pmid": 32229107, "pmcid": "PMC7118663", "title": "Dynamic change process of target genes by RT-PCR testing of SARS-Cov-2 during the course of a Coronavirus Disease 2019 patient.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Lv, Ding-Feng", "Ying, Qi-Ming", "Weng, Yue-Song", "Shen, Chi-Bin", "Chu, Jin-Guo", "Kong, Jing-Ping", "Sun, Ding-He", "Gao, Xiang", "Weng, Xing-Bei", "Chen, Xue-Qin"], "date": "2020-04-02T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32229107", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "We report the dynamic change process of target genes by RT-PCR testing of SARS-Cov-2 during the course of a COVID-19 patient: from successive negative results to successive single positive nucleocapsid gene, to two positive target genes (orf1ab and nucleocapsid) by RT-PCR testing of SARS-Cov-2, and describe the diagnosis, clinical course, and management of the case. In this case, negative results of RT-PCR testing was not excluded to diagnose a suspected COVID-19 patient, clinical signs and symptoms, other laboratory findings, and chest CT images should be taken into account for the absence of enough positive evidence. This case highlights the importance of successive sampling and testing SARS-Cov-2 by RT-PCR as well as the increased value of single positive target gene from pending to positive in two specimens to diagnose laboratory-confirmed COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32494576, "pmcid": "PMC7248349", "title": "COVID-19 follow-up planning: what will we be missing?", "journal": "ERJ Open Res", "authors": ["Lee, Lydia", "Iyer, Sriram", "Jose, Ricardo J", "Manuel, Ari"], "date": "2020-06-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32494576", "countries": ["United Kingdom"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There is a real need for a discharge plan for COVID-19 survivors in the UK. Follow-up imaging could help assess the resolution of infection, exclude underlying malignancy and identify post-inflammatory fibrosis. https://bit.ly/2YJ8hyg."}, {"pmid": 32433719, "title": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Immune-Engaging Cancer Treatment.", "journal": "JAMA Oncol", "authors": ["Abid, Muhammad Bilal", "Mughal, Mustafa", "Abid, Muhammad Abbas"], "date": "2020-05-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32433719", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32528770, "pmcid": "PMC7282366", "title": "A Review of Cardiac Complications in Coronavirus Disease 2019.", "journal": "Cureus", "authors": ["Singh, Romil", "Kashyap, Rahul", "Hutton, Anneka", "Sharma, Munish", "Surani, Salim"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32528770", "topics": ["Treatment", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has shown an association with acute myocardial injury, cardiomyopathy, and myocarditis. Individuals with myocardial involvement in association with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be at increased risk of developing severe illness.\u00a0Cardiomyopathies are a heterogeneous group of diseases of the myocardium associated with mechanical and/or electrical dysfunction that usually exhibit inappropriate ventricular hypertrophy or dilation and are due to a variety of causes that frequently are genetic. It has been primarily divided into three subsets: genetic, mixed, and acquired cardiomyopathy.\u00a0We anticipate that, because of the high inflammatory response, other cardiovascular complications may also occur in COVID-19 patients with severe symptoms. This review explores new information\u00a0as it pertains to COVID-19 and cardiac complications."}, {"pmid": 32403248, "title": "Dentistry during the COVID-19 Epidemic: An Italian Workflow for the Management of Dental Practice.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Peditto, Matteo", "Scapellato, Simone", "Marciano, Antonia", "Costa, Paola", "Oteri, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32403248", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The COVID-19 outbreak has raised concerns about infection control all over the world. Among health workers, dentists are particularly exposed to the COVID-19 infection risk. The aim of this paper is to present a workflow to manage dental procedures already in use at the Dental Unit of the University Hospital of Messina. The proposed workflow accounts for the many aspects of dental practitioners' risk in the COVID-19 era, and focuses on the assessment of patient risk level, a two-phase dental procedure management (remote and face-to-face), and the use of specific preventive measures. No cases of COVID-19 infection were detected among patients and staff of the dental unit in a two-month period of time while using this protocol. This workflow seems a promising and effective solution to manage dental procedures during the COVID-19 outbreak, and could be implemented in both public and private practices until the emergency is contained."}, {"pmid": 32252141, "pmcid": "PMC7170784", "title": "Epidemiology, virology, and clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome -coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; Coronavirus Disease-19).", "journal": "Clin Exp Pediatr", "authors": ["Park, Su Eun"], "date": "2020-04-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32252141", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Transmission", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A cluster of severe pneumonia of unknown etiology in Wuhan City, Hubei province in China emerged in December 2019. A novel coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was isolated from lower respiratory tract sample as the causative agent. The current outbreak of infections with SARS-CoV-2 is termed Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 rapidly spread into at least 114 countries and killed more than 4,000 people by March 11 2020. WHO officially declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. There have been 2 novel coronavirus outbreaks in the past 2 decades. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002-2003 caused by SARS-CoV had a case fatality rate of around 10% (8,098 confirmed cases and 774 deaths), while Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) caused by MERSCoV killed 861 people out of a total 2,502 confirmed cases between 2012 and 2019. The purpose of this review is to summarize known-to-date information about SARS-CoV-2, transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and clinical features."}, {"pmid": 32395069, "pmcid": "PMC7210795", "title": "Knowledge, attitude and preventive practices related to COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in two Pakistani university populations.", "journal": "Drugs Ther Perspect", "authors": ["Salman, Muhammad", "Mustafa, Zia Ul", "Asif, Noman", "Zaidi, Haider Abbas", "Hussain, Khalid", "Shehzadi, Naureen", "Khan, Tahir Mehmood", "Saleem, Zikria"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32395069", "countries": ["Pakistan"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The aim of this study was to assess COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices of two Pakistani university populations. A cross-sectional study was conducted among students and employees of two higher\u00a0education institutions in Lahore, Pakistan, namely the University of Lahore and the Gulab Devi Educational Complex. Participants were recruited using a convenient sampling method. A validated 45-item, self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Total possible scores were 0-14 for knowledge (scores\u2009<\u20097, 7-10 and\u2009>\u200910 were considered to indicate poor, moderate and good knowledge, respectively); 0-7 for attitude (scores\u2009>\u20095 were considered to indicate a good attitude); and 0-18 for COVID-19 preventative practices (scores\u2009>\u200912 were considered to indicate good preventative practices). Of the 417 enrolled participants, 416 reported that they were aware of COVID-19 and social media was the major source of their information. Mean scores were 10.12\u2009\u00b1\u20092.20 for knowledge (good, moderate and poor knowledge in 50.2%, 42.8% and 7.0% of participants, respectively); 5.74\u2009\u00b1\u20091.28 for attitude (65.4% of individuals had a positive attitude); and 11.04\u2009\u00b1\u20093.34 for COVID-19 preventative practices (only 36.5% of participants had good preventive practices). Pakistani university students and employees have good knowledge and attitudes regarding COVID-19, but unsatisfactory preventive practices. Therefore, health regulators should use multiple communication approaches, such as electronic, print and social media, phone messages, etc., to increase awareness and improve practices related to COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32242875, "pmcid": "PMC7258754", "title": "Laboratory preparedness for SARS-CoV-2 testing in India: Harnessing a network of Virus Research & Diagnostic Laboratories.", "journal": "Indian J Med Res", "authors": ["Gupta, Nivedita", "Potdar, Varsha", "Praharaj, Ira", "Giri, Sidhartha", "Sapkal, Gajanan", "Yadav, Pragya", "Choudhary, Manohar Lal", "Dar, Lalit", "Sugunan, A P", "Kaur, Harmanmeet", "Munivenkatappa, Ashok", "Shastri, Jayanthi", "Kaveri, Krishnasamy", "Dutta, Shanta", "Malhotra, Bharti", "Jain, Amita", "Nagamani, Kammilli", "Shantala, G B", "Raut, Sharmila", "Vegad, M M", "Sharma, Ajanta", "Choudhary, Aashish", "Brijwal, Megha", "Balakrishnan, Anukumar", "Manjunatha, Jayaswamy", "Pathak, Manish", "Srinivasan, Sivasubramanian", "Banu, Hasina", "Sharma, Himanshu", "Jain, Parul", "Sunita, Pakalpati", "Ambica, R", "Fageria, Babita", "Patel, Disha", "Rajbongshi, Gitika", "Vijay, Neetu", "Narayan, Jitendra", "Aggarwal, Neeraj", "Nagar, Anu", "Gangakhedkar, Raman R", "Abraham, Priya"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242875", "countries": ["Thailand", "Korea, Republic of", "Singapore", "India", "China", "Japan"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "An outbreak of respiratory illness of unknown aetiology was reported from Hubei province of Wuhan, People's Republic of China, in December 2019. The outbreak was attributed to a novel coronavirus (CoV), named as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 and the disease as COVID-19. Within one month, cases were reported from 25 countries. In view of the novel viral strain with reported high morbidity, establishing early countrywide diagnosis to detect imported cases became critical. Here we describe the role of a countrywide network of VRDLs in early diagnosis of COVID-19. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune, established screening as well as confirmatory assays for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 13 VRDLs were provided with the E gene screening real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay. VRDLs were selected on the basis of their presence near an international airport/seaport and their past performance. The case definition for testing included all individuals with travel history to Wuhan and symptomatic individuals with travel history to other parts of China. This was later expanded to include symptomatic individuals returning from Singapore, Japan, Hong Kong, Thailand and South Korea. Within a week of standardization of the test at NIV, all VRDLs could initiate testing for SARS-CoV-2. Till February 29, 2020, a total of 2,913 samples were tested. This included both 654 individuals quarantined in the two camps and others fitting within the case definition. The quarantined individuals were tested twice - at days 0 and 14. All tested negative on both occasions. Only three individuals belonging to different districts in Kerala were found to be positive. Sudden emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its potential to cause a pandemic posed an unsurmountable challenge to the public health system of India. However, concerted efforts of various arms of the Government of India resulted in a well-coordinated action at each level. India has successfully demonstrated its ability to establish quick diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 at NIV, Pune, and the testing VRDLs."}, {"pmid": 32428303, "title": "COVID-19 and Dermatology: A Comprehensive Guide for Dermatologists.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Fahmy, Dina Hassan", "El-Amawy, Heba Saed", "El-Samongy, Marwa Ahmed", "Foud, Aya Ashraf", "Soliman, Sarah Hamdy", "El-Kady, Aya", "Farnetani, Francesca", "Conti, Andrea", "Zoeir, Ahmed", "Eissa, Ahmed", "Eissa, Radwa", "Puliatti, Stefano", "Sighinolfi, Maria Chiara", "Rocco, Bernardo", "Pellacani, Giovanni"], "date": "2020-05-20T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32428303", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32342636, "pmcid": "PMC7267531", "title": "Potential pathogenesis of ageusia and anosmia in COVID-19 patients.", "journal": "Int Forum Allergy Rhinol", "authors": ["Vaira, Luigi Angelo", "Salzano, Giovanni", "Fois, Alessandro Giuseppe", "Piombino, Pasquale", "De Riu, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342636", "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "From the first reports, ageusia and anosmia appear to be frequent clinical features in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients. We have performed a survey of the literature, analyzing the possible causes of these chemosensory alterations, which may be useful as a starting point for specific further studies. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32271988, "pmcid": "PMC7262324", "title": "Prevalence of venous thromboembolism in patients with severe novel coronavirus pneumonia.", "journal": "J Thromb Haemost", "authors": ["Cui, Songping", "Chen, Shuo", "Li, Xiunan", "Liu, Shi", "Wang, Feng"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32271988", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Three\u00a0months ago, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) broke out in Wuhan, China, and spread rapidly around the world. Severe novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) patients have abnormal blood coagulation function, but their venous thromboembolism (VTE) prevalence is still rarely mentioned. To determine the incidence of VTE in patients with severe NCP. In this study, 81 severe NCP patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Union Hospital (Wuhan, China) were enrolled. The results of conventional coagulation parameters and lower limb vein ultrasonography of these patients were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The incidence of VTE in these patients was 25% (20/81), of which 8 patients with VTE events died. The VTE group was different from the non-VTE group in age, lymphocyte counts, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), D-dimer, etc. If 1.5\u00a0\u00b5g/mL was used as the D-dimer cut-off value to predicting VTE, the sensitivity was 85.0%, the specificity was 88.5%, and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 94.7%. The incidence of VTE in patients with severe NCP is 25% (20/81), which may be related to poor prognosis. The significant increase of D-dimer in severe NCP patients is a good index for identifying high-risk groups of VTE."}, {"pmid": 32503814, "title": "COVID-19: The Potential Role of Copper and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in a Combination of Candidate Antiviral Treatments Against SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "In Vivo", "authors": ["Andreou, Andri", "Trantza, Sofia", "Filippou, Demetrios", "Sipsas, Nikolaos", "Tsiodras, Sotirios"], "date": "2020-06-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32503814", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) a pandemic. Since then, thousands of people have suffered and died, making the need for a treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) more crucial than ever. The authors carried out a search in PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov and New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) for COVID-19 to provide information on the most promising treatments against SARS-CoV-2. Possible COVID-19 agents with promising efficacy and favorable safety profile were identified. The results support the combination of copper, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), colchicine and nitric oxide (NO) with candidate antiviral agents, remdesivir or EIDD-2801, as a treatment for patients positive for SARS-CoV-2. The authors propose to study the effects of the combination of copper, NAC, colchicine, NO and currently used experimental antiviral agents, remdesivir or EIDD-2801, as a potential treatment scheme for SARS-COV-2."}, {"pmid": 32242113, "title": "Is the coronavirus airborne? Experts can't agree.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Lewis, Dyani"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242113", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32260471, "pmcid": "PMC7235801", "title": "In Vitro Diagnostic Assays for COVID-19: Recent Advances and Emerging Trends.", "journal": "Diagnostics (Basel)", "authors": ["Vashist, Sandeep Kumar"], "date": "2020-04-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32260471", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There have been tremendous advances in in vitro diagnostic (IVD) assays for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The main IVD assays used for COVID-19 employ real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) that takes a few hours. But the assay duration has been shortened to 45 min by Cepheid. Of interest is the point-of-care (POC) molecular assay by Abbott that decreased the assay duration to just 5 min. Most molecular tests have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under emergency use authorization (EUA) and are Conformit\u00e9 Europ\u00e9enne (CE) marked. A wide range of serology immunoassays (IAs) have also been developed that complement the molecular assays for the diagnosis of COVID-19. The most prominent IAs are automated chemiluminescent IA (CLIA), manual ELISA, and rapid lateral flow IA (LFIA), which detect the immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) produced in persons in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The ongoing research efforts and advances in complementary technologies will pave the way to new POC IVD assays in the coming months. However, the performance of IVD assays needs to be critically evaluated before they are employed for the clinical diagnosis of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32348783, "pmcid": "PMC7195008", "title": "Hyperinflammation and derangement of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in COVID-19: A novel hypothesis for clinically suspected hypercoagulopathy and microvascular immunothrombosis.", "journal": "Clin Chim Acta", "authors": ["Henry, Brandon Michael", "Vikse, Jens", "Benoit, Stefanie", "Favaloro, Emmanuel J", "Lippi, Giuseppe"], "date": "2020-04-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32348783", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Early clinical evidence suggests that severe cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are frequently characterized by hyperinflammation, imbalance of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and a particular form of vasculopathy, thrombotic microangiopathy, and intravascular coagulopathy. In this paper, we present an immunothrombosis model of COVID-19. We discuss the underlying pathogenesis and the interaction between multiple systems, resulting in propagation of immunothrombosis, which through investigation in the coming weeks, may lead to both an improved understanding of COVID-19 pathophysiology and identification of innovative and efficient therapeutic targets to reverse the otherwise unfavorable clinical outcome of many of these patients."}, {"pmid": 32470120, "title": "Age differences in COVID-19 risk perceptions and mental health:Evidence from a national US survey conducted in March 2020.", "journal": "J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci", "authors": ["Bruine de Bruin, Wandi"], "date": "2020-05-30T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32470120", "countries": ["United States"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Theories of aging posit that older adult age is associated with less negative emotions, but few studies have examined age differences at times of novel challenges. As COVID-19 spread in the United States, this study therefore aimed to examine age differences in risk perceptions, anxiety and depression. In March 2020, a nationally representative address-based sample of 6666 US adults assessed their perceived risk of getting COVID-19, dying if getting it, getting quarantined, losing their job (if currently working), and running out of money. They completed a mental health assessment for anxiety and depression. Demographic variables and pre-crisis depression diagnosis had previously been reported. In regression analyses controlling for demographic variables and survey date, older adult age was associated with perceiving larger risks of dying if getting COVID-19, but with perceiving less risk of getting COVID-19, getting quarantined, or running out of money, as well as less depression and anxiety. Findings held after additionally controlling for pre-crisis reports of depression diagnosis. With the exception of perceived infection-fatality risk, US adults who were relatively older appeared to have a more optimistic outlook and better mental health during the early stages of the pandemic. Interventions may be needed to help people of all ages maintain realistic perceptions of the risks, while also managing depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 crisis. Implications for risk communication and mental health interventions are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32274342, "pmcid": "PMC7132016", "title": "COVID-19 and Liver Dysfunction: Current Insights and Emergent Therapeutic Strategies.", "journal": "J Clin Transl Hepatol", "authors": ["Feng, Gong", "Zheng, Kenneth I", "Yan, Qin-Qin", "Rios, Rafael S", "Targher, Giovanni", "Byrne, Christopher D", "Poucke, Sven Van", "Liu, Wen-Yue", "Zheng, Ming-Hua"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32274342", "topics": ["Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has attracted increasing worldwide attention. Cases of liver damage or dysfunction (mainly characterized by moderately elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase levels) have been reported among patients with COVID-19. However, it is currently uncertain whether the COVID-19-related liver damage/dysfunction is due mainly to the viral infection per se or other coexisting conditions, such as the use of potentially hepatotoxic drugs and the coexistence of systemic inflammatory response, respiratory distress syndrome-induced hypoxia, and multiple organ dysfunction. Based on the current evidence from case reports and case series, this review article focuses on the demographic and clinical characteristics, potential mechanisms, and treatment options for COVID-19-related liver dysfunction. This review also describes the geographical and demographic distribution of COVID-19-related liver dysfunction, as well as possible underlying mechanisms linking COVID-19 to liver dysfunction, in order to facilitate future drug development, prevention, and control measures for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32138266, "pmcid": "PMC7084229", "title": "Potential Factors Influencing Repeated SARS Outbreaks in China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Sun, Zhong", "Thilakavathy, Karuppiah", "Kumar, S Suresh", "He, Guozhong", "Liu, Shi V"], "date": "2020-03-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32138266", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Within last 17 years two widespread epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) occurred in China, which were caused by related coronaviruses (CoVs): SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Although the origin(s) of these viruses are still unknown and their occurrences in nature are mysterious, some general patterns of their pathogenesis and epidemics are noticeable. Both viruses utilize the same receptor-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-for invading human bodies. Both epidemics occurred in cold dry winter seasons celebrated with major holidays, and started in regions where dietary consumption of wildlife is a fashion. Thus, if bats were the natural hosts of SARS-CoVs, cold temperature and low humidity in these times might provide conducive environmental conditions for prolonged viral survival in these regions concentrated with bats. The widespread existence of these bat-carried or -released viruses might have an easier time in breaking through human defenses when harsh winter makes human bodies more vulnerable. Once succeeding in making some initial human infections, spreading of the disease was made convenient with increased social gathering and holiday travel. These natural and social factors influenced the general progression and trajectory of the SARS epidemiology. However, some unique factors might also contribute to the origination of SARS in Wuhan. These factors are discussed in different scenarios in order to promote more research for achieving final validation."}, {"pmid": 32418232, "title": "Objective Structured Clinical Examination: From Exam Room to Zoom Breakout Room.", "journal": "Med Educ", "authors": ["Hannon, Peter", "Lappe, Katie", "Griffin, Claire", "Roussel, Danielle"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418232", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311181, "pmcid": "PMC7264628", "title": "SARS-CoV-2: What can saliva tell us?", "journal": "Oral Dis", "authors": ["Henrique Braz-Silva, Paulo", "Pallos, Debora", "Giannecchini, Simone", "To, Kelvin Kai-Wang"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311181", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32471822, "title": "Covid-19: How does the NHS test and trace service work?", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Mahase, Elisabeth"], "date": "2020-05-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32471822", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32386804, "pmcid": "PMC7195283", "title": "Imaging & other potential predictors of deterioration in COVID-19.", "journal": "Am J Emerg Med", "authors": ["Shah, Kaushal", "Kamler, Jonathan", "Phan, Alexander", "Toy, Dennis"], "date": "2020-05-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32386804", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This case report describes a young patient with COVID-19 who is initially diagnosed with CT chest imaging. Upon admission to the hospital, his clinical condition deteriorates requiring ventilatory support. We explore the value of imaging and other potential predictors of deterioration."}, {"pmid": 32213231, "pmcid": "PMC7156567", "title": "Absence of contamination of personal protective equipment (PPE) by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).", "journal": "Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol", "authors": ["Ong, Sean Wei Xiang", "Tan, Yian Kim", "Sutjipto, Stephanie", "Chia, Po Ying", "Young, Barnaby Edward", "Gum, Marcus", "Lau, Sok Kiang", "Chan, Monica", "Vasoo, Shawn", "Mendis, Shehara", "Toh, Boon Kiat", "Leong, Janice", "Barkham, Timothy", "Ang, Brenda Sze Peng", "Tan, Boon Huan", "Leo, Yee-Sin", "Marimuthu, Kalisvar", "Wong, Michelle Su Yen", "Ng, Oon Tek"], "date": "2020-03-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32213231", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32515212, "title": "Palliative care: Essential support for patients with heart failure in the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs", "authors": ["Hill, Loreena", "Beattie, James M", "Geller, Tal Prager", "Baruah, Resham", "Boyne, Josiane", "Stolfo, Giuseppe Di", "Jaarsma, Tiny"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515212", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32311646, "pmcid": "PMC7151441", "title": "COVID-19 admissions calculators: General population and paediatric cohort.", "journal": "Early Hum Dev", "authors": ["Victor, Grech"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32311646", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The world is in the grip of pandemic COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2). Children appear to be only mildly affected but for those countries that are still preparing for their first wave of infections, it is salutary to have some estimates with which to plan for eventual contingencies. These assessments would include acute hospital admission requirements, intensive care admissions and deaths per given population. It is also useful to have an estimate of how many paediatric admissions to expect per given population. However it is only very recently that paediatric epidemiological data has become available. This paper will create an interactive spreadsheet model to estimate population and paediatric admissions for a given population, with the author's country, Malta, as a worked example for both."}, {"pmid": 32515260, "title": "COVID-19 and US Health Financing: Perils and Possibilities.", "journal": "Int J Health Serv", "authors": ["Gaffney, Adam", "Himmelstein, David U", "Woolhandler, Steffie"], "date": "2020-06-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32515260", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "While the COVID-19 pandemic presents every nation with challenges, the United States' underfunded public health infrastructure, fragmented medical care system, and inadequate social protections impose particular impediments to mitigating and managing the outbreak. Years of inadequate funding of the nation's federal, state, and local public health agencies, together with mismanagement by the Trump administration, hampered the early response to the epidemic. Meanwhile, barriers to care faced by uninsured and underinsured individuals in the United States could deter COVID-19 care and hamper containment efforts, and lead to adverse medical and financial outcomes for infected individuals and their families, particularly those from disadvantaged groups. While the United States has a relatively generous supply of Intensive Care Unit beds and most other health care infrastructure, such medical resources are often unevenly distributed or deployed, leaving some areas ill-prepared for a severe respiratory epidemic. These deficiencies and shortfalls have stimulated a debate about policy solutions. Recent legislation, for instance, expanded coverage for testing for COVID-19 for the uninsured and underinsured, and additional reforms have been proposed. However comprehensive health care reform - for example, via national health insurance - is needed to provide full protection to American families during the COVID-19 outbreak and in its aftermath."}, {"pmid": 32485300, "pmcid": "PMC7260506", "title": "Pneumatosis Intestinalis in COVID-19.", "journal": "Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol", "authors": ["Lakshmanan, Seetha", "Toubia, Nabil"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32485300", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32394156, "pmcid": "PMC7214229", "title": "Use of Face Masks in COVID-19.", "journal": "Indian J Pediatr", "authors": ["Sra, Harnoor Kaur", "Sandhu, Amit", "Singh, Meenu"], "date": "2020-05-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32394156", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32463586, "title": "Role modelling and active apprenticeship during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Teach", "authors": ["Shah, Nisa", "Nazir, Tahir"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32463586", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32272957, "pmcid": "PMC7145275", "title": "COVID-19 the showdown for mass casualty preparedness and management: the Cassandra Syndrome.", "journal": "World J Emerg Surg", "authors": ["Coccolini, Federico", "Sartelli, Massimo", "Kluger, Yoram", "Pikoulis, Emmanouil", "Karamagioli, Evika", "Moore, Ernest E", "Biffl, Walter L", "Peitzman, Andrew", "Hecker, Andreas", "Chirica, Mircea", "Damaskos, Dimitrios", "Ordonez, Carlos", "Vega, Felipe", "Fraga, Gustavo P", "Chiarugi, Massimo", "Di Saverio, Salomone", "Kirkpatrick, Andrew W", "Abu-Zidan, Fikri", "Mefire, Alain Chicom", "Leppaniemi, Ari", "Khokha, Vladimir", "Sakakushev, Boris", "Catena, Rodolfo", "Coimbra, Raul", "Ansaloni, Luca", "Corbella, Davide", "Catena, Fausto"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272957", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the world is potentially facing one of the most difficult infectious situations of the last decades. COVID-19 epidemic warrants consideration as a mass casualty incident (MCI) of the highest nature. An optimal MCI/disaster management should consider all four phases of the so-called disaster cycle: mitigation, planning, response, and recovery. COVID-19 outbreak has demonstrated the worldwide unpreparedness to face a global MCI.This present paper thus represents a call for action to solicitate governments and the Global Community to actively start effective plans to promote and improve MCI management preparedness in general, and with an obvious current focus on COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32383237, "pmcid": "PMC7262018", "title": "Effects of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors on lung function: A reason for discontinuation during COVID-19 pandemic?", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Kroumpouzos, George"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383237", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330288, "pmcid": "PMC7264776", "title": "Protecting vulnerable patients with inherited anaemias from unnecessary death during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "Br J Haematol", "authors": ["Roy, Noemi B A", "Telfer, Paul", "Eleftheriou, Perla", "de la Fuente, Josu", "Drasar, Emma", "Shah, Farrukh", "Roberts, David", "Atoyebi, Wale", "Trompeter, Sara", "Layton, D Mark", "Lugthart, Sanne", "Stuart-Smith, Sara", "Chakravorty, Subarna", "Wright, Josh", "Porter, John", "Inusa, Baba", "Howard, Jo"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330288", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With the developing COVID-19 pandemic, patients with inherited anaemias require specific advice regarding isolation and changes to usual treatment schedules. The National Haemoglobinopathy Panel (NHP) has issued guidance on the care of patients with sickle cell disease, thalassaemia, Diamond Blackfan anaemia (DBA), congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA), sideroblastic anaemia, pyruvate kinase deficiency and other red cell enzyme and membrane disorders. Cascading of accurate information for clinicians and patients is paramount to preventing adverse outcomes, such as patients who are at increased risk of fulminant bacterial infection due to their condition or its treatment erroneously self-isolating if their fever is mistakenly attributed to a viral cause, delaying potentially life-saving antibiotic therapy. Outpatient visits should be minimised for most patients, however some, such as first transcranial dopplers for children with sickle cell anaemia should not be delayed as known risk of stroke will outweigh the unknown risk from COVID-19 infection. Blood transfusion programmes should be continued, but specific changes to usual clinical pathways can be instituted to reduce risk of patient exposure to COVID-19, as well as contingency planning for possible reductions in blood available for transfusions. Bone marrow transplants for these disorders should be postponed until further notice. With the current lack of evidence on the risk and complications of COVID-19 infection in these patients, national data collection is ongoing to record outcomes and eventually to identify predictors of disease severity, particularly important if further waves of infection travel through the population."}, {"pmid": 32448715, "pmcid": "PMC7207104", "title": "COVID-19, Medical Education, and Bone Health: Insights From Project ECHO.", "journal": "J Clin Densitom", "authors": ["Lewiecki, E Michael", "Rothman, Micol S"], "date": "2020-05-26T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32448715", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330295, "pmcid": "PMC7264602", "title": "Strong policies control the spread of COVID-19 in China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Li, Bao-Zhu", "Cao, Nv-Wei", "Zhou, Hao-Yue", "Chu, Xiu-Jie", "Ye, Dong-Qing"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330295", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbroke in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, affecting more than 200 countries and regions. This study aimed to predict the development of the epidemic with specific interventional policies applied in China and evaluate their effectiveness. COVID-19 data of Hubei Province and the next five most affected provinces were collected from daily case reports of COVID-19 on the Health Committee official website of these provinces. The number of current cases, defined as the number of confirmed cases minus the number of cured cases and those who have died, was examined in this study. A modified Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious- Removed (SEIR) model was used to assess the effects of interventional policies on the epidemic. In this study, January 28 was day zero of the model. The results of the modified SEIR model showed that the number of current cases in Hubei and Zhejiang provinces tended to be stabilized after 70 days and after 60 days in the four other provinces. The predicted number of current cases without policy intervention was shown to far exceed that with policy intervention. The estimated number of COVID-19 cases in Hubei Province with policy intervention was predicted to peak at 51,222, whereas that without policy intervention was predicted to reach 157,721. Based on the results of the model, strong interventional policies were found to be vital components of epidemic control. Applying such policies is likely to shorten the duration of the epidemic and reduce the number of new cases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32422280, "pmcid": "PMC7227557", "title": "Two important controversial risk factors in SARS-CoV-2 infection: Obesity and smoking.", "journal": "Environ Toxicol Pharmacol", "authors": ["Engin, Ayse Basak", "Engin, Evren Doruk", "Engin, Atilla"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32422280", "topics": ["Mechanism", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The effects of obesity and smoking in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remain controversial. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a component of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), is the human cell receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19. ACE2 expression increases on lung alveolar epithelial cells and adipose tissue due to obesity, smoking and air pollution. A significant relationship exists between air pollution and SARS-CoV-2 infection, as more severe COVID-19 symptoms occur in smokers; comorbid conditions due to obesity or excess ectopic fat accumulation as underlying risk factors for severe COVID-19 strongly encourage the virus/ACE2 receptor-ligand interaction concept. Indeed, obesity, air pollution and smoking associated risk factors share underlying pathophysiologies that are related to the Renin-Angiotensin-System in SARS-CoV-2 infection. The aim of this review is to emphasize the mechanism of receptor-ligand interaction and its impact on the enhanced risk of death due to SARS-CoV-2 infection."}, {"pmid": 32401463, "title": "Favipiravir", "journal": "Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)", "date": "2020-05-14T11:01:00Z", "_id": "32401463", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null}, {"pmid": 32381441, "pmcid": "PMC7194697", "title": "Effect of COVID-19 on Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Surgical Volume in the United States.", "journal": "J Arthroplasty", "authors": ["Bedard, Nicholas A", "Elkins, Jacob M", "Brown, Timothy S"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32381441", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In an effort to help combat the COVID-19 pandemic and preserve essential health care resources, starting in mid-March 2020, surgeons have been instructed to only perform essential surgical procedures. The vast majority of hip and knee arthroplasty surgery does not meet the definition of essential surgery. This study estimated the number of arthroplasty procedures that would be canceled because of these important restrictions. The US hip and knee arthroplasty procedure volume projections for 2020 were estimated from four recently published studies. Data from the American Joint Replacement Registry were utilized to determine what percentage of these cases would be considered nonessential surgery. Monthly and weekly estimates of nonessential hip and knee arthroplasty procedures that would have occurred had there not been any restrictions due to COVID-19 were calculated. After excluding essential procedures, it was estimated that approximately 30,000 primary and 3000 revision hip and knee arthroplasty procedures will be canceled each week while COVID-19 restrictions regarding nonessential surgery are in place. If only 50% of nonessential cases were actually canceled across the United States, that would still result in the cancellation of 15,001 primary and 1435 revision hip and knee arthroplasty procedures per week while restrictions are in place. This study highlights the profound impact COVID-19 is having on our current hip and knee arthroplasty volume. The large number of cases canceled because of COVID-19 translates into major financial losses for health care institutions and may have a profound impact on our patients."}, {"pmid": 32525391, "title": "Mental health stressors in Israel during the coronavirus pandemic.", "journal": "Psychol Trauma", "authors": ["Shapiro, Ephraim", "Levine, Livia", "Kay, Avi"], "date": "2020-06-12T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32525391", "countries": ["Israel"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A survey of 503 Israelis, performed in April 2020, found high levels of anxiety and risk for depression; these mental health issues were associated with several stressors connected with the coronavirus and related policies. However, only a small percentage of the sample received mental health care from a professional, with native-born Israelis less likely than recent immigrants to receive such care. Some possible initiatives based on these findings are suggested. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)."}, {"pmid": 32374457, "pmcid": "PMC7267418", "title": "The anti-HIV drug nelfinavir mesylate (Viracept) is a potent inhibitor of cell fusion caused by the SARSCoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein warranting further evaluation as an antiviral against COVID-19 infections.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Musarrat, Farhana", "Chouljenko, Vladimir", "Dahal, Achyut", "Nabi, Rafiq", "Chouljenko, Tamara", "Jois, Seetharama D", "Kousoulas, Konstantin G"], "date": "2020-05-07T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32374457", "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Coronaviruses enter cells via fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane and/or via fusion of the viral envelope with endosomal membranes after virion endocytosis. The spike (S) glycoprotein is a major determinant of virus infectivity. Herein, we show that the transient expression of the SARS CoV-2 S glycoprotein in Vero cells caused extensive cell fusion (formation of syncytia) in comparison to limited cell fusion caused by the SARS S glycoprotein. Both S glycoproteins were detected intracellularly and on transfected Vero cell surfaces. These results are in agreement with published pathology observations of extensive syncytia formation in lung tissues of patients with COVID-19. These results suggest that SARS CoV-2 is able to spread from cell-to-cell much more efficiently than SARS effectively avoiding extracellular neutralizing antibodies. A systematic screening of several drugs including cardiac glycosides and kinase inhibitors and inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry revealed that only the FDA-approved HIV protease inhibitor, nelfinavir mesylate (Viracept) drastically inhibited S-n- and S-o-mediated cell fusion with complete inhibition at a 10-\u03bcM concentration. In-silico docking experiments suggested the possibility that nelfinavir may bind inside the S trimer structure, proximal to the S2 amino terminus directly inhibiting S-n- and S-o-mediated membrane fusion. Also, it is possible that nelfinavir may act to inhibit S proteolytic processing within cells. These results warrant further investigations of the potential of nelfinavir mesylate to inhibit virus spread at early times after SARS CoV-2 symptoms appear."}, {"pmid": 32404232, "title": "COVID-19 and People with Intellectual Disability: impacts of a pandemic.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Courtenay, Ken", "Perera, Bhathika"], "date": "2020-05-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32404232", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic affect all groups in society. People with intellectual disability (ID) are especially vulnerable to the physical, mental and social effects of the pandemic. Cognitive impairments can limit understanding of information to protect them relying on carers to be vigilant on their behalf during quarantine. Restrictions on usual activities are likely to induce mental stress especially among those who are autistic leading to an escalation in challenging behaviours, risk of placement breakdown and increased the use of psychotropic medication. People with ID are vulnerable to exploitation by others where the usual community supports no longer function to protect them. In future pandemics, it is important that lessons are learned from the impacts COVID-19 have on people with ID. Collecting the evidence through a rigorous approach should help to empower people with ID and their carers to face future outbreaks of infectious diseases."}, {"pmid": 32327427, "title": "Myositis as a manifestation of SARS-CoV-2.", "journal": "Ann Rheum Dis", "authors": ["Beydon, Maxime", "Chevalier, Kevin", "Al Tabaa, Omar", "Hamroun, Sabrina", "Delettre, Anne-Sophie", "Thomas, Marion", "Herrou, Julia", "Riviere, Elodie", "Mariette, Xavier"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32327427", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32242111, "title": "Lockdown in Italy: personal stories of doing science during the COVID-19 quarantine.", "journal": "Nature", "authors": ["Paterlini, Marta"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32242111", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32455475, "title": "COVID-19 in a melanoma patient under treatment with checkpoint-inhibition.", "journal": "J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol", "authors": ["Schmidle, P", "Biedermann, T", "Posch, C"], "date": "2020-05-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455475", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "SARS-CoV-2 poses new challenges in all aspects of healthcare. Patients with preexisting cardio-vascular conditions are at higher risk of developing severe symptoms and worse outcome. Data also suggest that cancer patients are particularly vulnerable, but differences between tumor entities and cancer treatments may exist. Little is known how cancer treatment engaging immune checkpoints affects the course of COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32418675, "pmcid": "PMC7203060", "title": "Radiotherapy and Systemic Treatment for Non-melanoma Skin Cancer in the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol)", "authors": ["Rembielak, A", "Sykes, A J", "Fife, K", "Challapalli, A", "Nobes, J P"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418675", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32320506, "pmcid": "PMC7264594", "title": "Early Self-Proning in Awake, Non-intubated Patients in the Emergency Department: A Single ED's Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic.", "journal": "Acad Emerg Med", "authors": ["Caputo, Nicholas D", "Strayer, Reuben J", "Levitan, Richard"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32320506", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Prolonged and unaddressed hypoxia can lead to poor patient outcomes. Proning has become a standard treatment in the management of patients with ARDS who have difficulty achieving adequate oxygen saturation. The purpose of this study was to describe the use of early proning of awake, non-intubated patients in the emergency department (ED) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This pilot study was carried out in a single urban ED in New York City. We included patients suspected of having COVID-19 with hypoxia on arrival. A standard pulse oximeter was used to measure SpO2 . SpO2 measurements were recorded at triage and after 5\u00a0minutes of proning. Supplemental oxygenation methods included non-rebreather mask (NRB) and nasal cannula. We also characterized post-proning failure rates of intubation within the first 24\u00a0hours of arrival to the ED. Fifty patients were included. Overall, the median SpO2 at triage was 80% (IQR 69 to 85). After application of supplemental oxygen was given to patients on room air it was 84% (IQR 75 to 90). After 5\u00a0minutes of proning was added SpO2 improved to 94% (IQR 90 to 95). Comparison of the pre- to post-median by the Wilcoxon Rank-sum test yielded P\u00a0=\u00a00.001. Thirteen patients (24%) failed to improve or maintain their oxygen saturations and required endotracheal intubation within 24\u00a0hours of arrival to the ED. Awake early self-proning in the emergency department demonstrated improved oxygen saturation in our COVID-19 positive patients. Further studies are needed to support causality and determine the effect of proning on disease severity and mortality."}, {"pmid": 32222986, "pmcid": "PMC7228263", "title": "Clinical characteristics of 54 medical staff with COVID-19: A retrospective study in a single center in Wuhan, China.", "journal": "J Med Virol", "authors": ["Chu, Jiaojiao", "Yang, Nan", "Wei, Yanqiu", "Yue, Huihui", "Zhang, Fengqin", "Zhao, Jianping", "He, Li", "Sheng, Gaohong", "Chen, Peng", "Li, Gang", "Wu, Sisi", "Zhang, Bo", "Zhang, Shu", "Wang, Congyi", "Miao, Xiaoping", "Li, Juan", "Liu, Wenhua", "Zhang, Huilan"], "date": "2020-03-31T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32222986", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "In December 2019, an outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection occurred in Wuhan, and rapidly spread to worldwide, which has attracted many people's concerns about the patients. However, studies on the infection status of medical personnel is still lacking. A total of 54 cases of SARS-Cov-2 infected medical staff from Tongji Hospital between 7 January and 11 February 2020 were analyzed in this retrospective study. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics were compared between different groups by statistical method. From 7 January\u00a0to 11 February 2020, 54 medical staff of Tongji Hospital were hospitalized due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Most of them were from other clinical departments (72.2%) rather than emergency department (3.7%) or medical technology departments (18.5%). Among the 54 patients with COVID-19, the distribution of age had a significant difference between non-severe type and severe/critical cases (median age: 47 years vs\u00a038 years; P\u2009=\u2009.0015). However, there was no statistical difference in terms of gender distribution and the first symptoms between theses two groups. Furthermore, we observed that the lesion regions in SARS-Cov-2 infected lungs with severe-/critical-type of medical staff were more likely to exhibit lesions in the right upper lobe (31.7% vs\u00a00%; P\u2009=\u2009.028) and right lung (61% vs\u00a018.2%;\u00a0P\u2009=\u2009.012). Based on our findings with medical staff infection data, we suggest training for all hospital staff to prevent infection and preparation of sufficient protection and disinfection materials."}, {"pmid": 32283294, "pmcid": "PMC7146652", "title": "Encephalitis as a clinical manifestation of COVID-19.", "journal": "Brain Behav Immun", "authors": ["Ye, Mingxiang", "Ren, Yi", "Lv, Tangfeng"], "date": "2020-04-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32283294", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32507530, "title": "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-Related Deaths in French Long-Term Care Facilities: The \"Confinement Disease\" Is Probably More Deleterious Than the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Itself.", "journal": "J Am Med Dir Assoc", "authors": ["Diamantis, Sylvain", "Noel, Coralie", "Tarteret, Paul", "Vignier, Nicolas", "Gallien, Sebastien"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32507530", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32434413, "title": "Patient-Driven Discontinuation of Dupilumab During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Two Academic Hospital Clinics at the University of Toronto.", "journal": "J Cutan Med Surg", "authors": ["Georgakopoulos, Jorge R", "Yeung, Jensen"], "date": "2020-05-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32434413", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32409522, "title": "Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in COVID-19 based on evidence for COVID-19, other coronavirus infections, influenza, community-acquired pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.", "journal": "CMAJ", "authors": ["Ye, Zhikang", "Wang, Ying", "Colunga-Lozano, Luis Enrique", "Prasad, Manya", "Tangamornsuksan, Wimonchat", "Rochwerg, Bram", "Yao, Liang", "Motaghi, Shahrzad", "Couban, Rachel J", "Ghadimi, Maryam", "Bala, Malgorzata M", "Gomaa, Huda", "Fang, Fang", "Xiao, Yingqi", "Guyatt, Gordon H"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32409522", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Very little direct evidence exists on use of corticosteroids in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Indirect evidence from related conditions must therefore inform inferences regarding benefits and harms. To support a guideline for managing COVID-19, we conducted systematic reviews examining the impact of corticosteroids in COVID-19 and related severe acute respiratory illnesses. We searched standard international and Chinese biomedical literature databases and prepublication sources for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies comparing corticosteroids versus no corticosteroids in patients with COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). For acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), influenza and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), we updated the most recent rigorous systematic review. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses to pool relative risks and then used baseline risk in patients with COVID-19 to generate absolute effects. In ARDS, according to 1 small cohort study in patients with COVID-19 and 7 RCTs in non-COVID-19 populations (risk ratio [RR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55 to 0.93, mean difference 17.3% fewer; low-quality evidence), corticosteroids may reduce mortality. In patients with severe COVID-19 but without ARDS, direct evidence from 2 observational studies provided very low-quality evidence of an increase in mortality with corticosteroids (hazard ratio [HR] 2.30, 95% CI 1.00 to 5.29, mean difference 11.9% more), as did observational data from influenza studies. Observational data from SARS and MERS studies provided very low-quality evidence of a small or no reduction in mortality. Randomized controlled trials in CAP suggest that corticosteroids may reduce mortality (RR 0.70, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.98, 3.1% lower; very low-quality evidence), and may increase hyperglycemia. Corticosteroids may reduce mortality for patients with COVID-19 and ARDS. For patients with severe COVID-19 but without ARDS, evidence regarding benefit from different bodies of evidence is inconsistent and of very low quality."}, {"pmid": 32313822, "pmcid": "PMC7166095", "title": "Recent apprise on coronavirus and its terrible insinuations.", "journal": "Virusdisease", "authors": ["Bhattacharya, Sankha", "Sharma, Priyanka", "Mathur, Harshita", "Rasheed, Haamid", "Singh, Saranjit", "Rajput, Geeta", "Agnihotri, Suyash", "Nirmal, Puneet", "Kaur, Sukhbir"], "date": "2020-04-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32313822", "countries": ["China", "India", "Japan", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Mechanism", "Transmission", "Treatment", "Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Epidemically increased evidence reveals that the link between the 2019-nCoV and other similar strain of coronaviruses circulating in bats and specifically the Rhinopodous bat sub-species. These sub-species are ample and widely present in Southern China, Middle East Africa and Europe. Recent studies show that more than 500 CoV have been identified in bats in China. The Center for Diseases Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization maintains a website that is updated frequently with new cases of MERS-CoV infection. As per WHO Situation report 16th, 24,554 number of cases confirmed globally out of which 99.22% cases from china. A new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is causing respiratory syndrome mostly in Hubei Province, China. Corona Virus spread over 24 countries including Japan, India, Korea, and other countries 2019-CoV infection vary from mild, moderate or severe illness; the later includes severe pneumonia, ARDS, sepsis and septic shock. There are two diagnostic tests for coronavirus infection i.e. molecular test and serology test. In this review article there are the various recent cases of the patients that are suffering from the corona virus, the outcome of these studies is that corona virus infection is an epidemic disease which affects Central Nervous System (CNS)."}, {"pmid": 32317053, "pmcid": "PMC7175653", "title": "SARS-CoV2 infection and primary school closure.", "journal": "Euro Surveill", "authors": ["Vanhems, Philippe"], "date": "2020-04-23T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32317053", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32015560, "pmcid": "PMC7095972", "title": "Communication, collaboration and cooperation can stop the 2019 coronavirus.", "journal": "Nat Med", "date": "2020-02-05T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32015560", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32275792, "pmcid": "PMC7262148", "title": "Global challenges to urology practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "BJU Int", "authors": ["Ahmed, Kamran", "Hayat, Sulaiman", "Dasgupta, Prokar"], "date": "2020-04-11T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32275792", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32335008, "pmcid": "PMC7135365", "title": "Urgent digestive surgery, a collateral victim of the COVID-19 crisis?", "journal": "J Visc Surg", "authors": ["Slim, K", "Veziant, J"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32335008", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32398890, "pmcid": "PMC7213963", "title": "COVID-19 and digital inequalities: Reciprocal impacts and mitigation strategies.", "journal": "Comput Human Behav", "authors": ["Beaunoyer, Elisabeth", "Dupere, Sophie", "Guitton, Matthieu J"], "date": "2020-05-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32398890", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "With more than three billion people in isolation, the status of digital spaces is switching from an amenity to a necessity, as they become not only the main way to access information and services, but also one of the only remaining vectors for economic, educational, and leisure activities as well as for social interactions to take place. However, not all are equals in terms of access to networks or connected devices, or when it comes to the skills required to navigate computerized spaces optimally. Digital inequalities were already existing, yet the COVID-19 crisis is exacerbating them dramatically. On the one hand, the crisis will worsen digital inequalities within the population. On the other hand, digital inequalities represent a major risk factor of vulnerability for exposure to the virus itself, and for the non-sanitary consequences of the crisis. Therefore, this paper aims at exploring the reciprocal impacts of the COVID-19 crisis and digital inequalities, and to propose operative solutions to help fight the nefarious consequences of the crisis. We first describe how digital inequalities are a determinant of health. We then investigate how COVID-19 can potentiate digital inequalities, and how digital inequalities potentiate vulnerability to COVID-19. Finally, in order to contribute to the mitigation of this crisis, we propose a set of multi-layered strategies focusing on actionability that can be implemented at multiple structural levels, ranging from governmental to corporate and community levels."}, {"pmid": 32455859, "title": "COVID-19 Disease in Children: What Dentists Should Know and Do to Prevent Viral Spread. The Italian Point of View.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Ferrazzano, Gianmaria F", "Ingenito, Aniello", "Cantile, Tiziana"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32455859", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly across the globe, becoming a major public health challenge not for China only, but also for countries around the world. Despite worldwide efforts to contain viral spread, the outbreak has not been stopped yet. Among healthcare personnel, dentists seem to be at elevated risk of exposure to COVID-19. This risk is even more serious in pediatric dentistry, since affected children, frequently, present an asymptomatic, mild or moderate clinical viral infection and, therefore, they may play a major role in community-based COVID-19 transmission. To date, despite no universal guidelines are available for dental procedures in pediatric dentistry during COVID-19 outbreak, routine dental practice should be postponed and only severe dental emergencies must be treated. In the case of a dental emergency, involving a pediatric patient, dentists should be aware of which recommended management protocol can be adopted during the practice to protect patient health, to safeguard their-self and to prevent viral transmission. The aim of this paper is to provide clinical recommendations, presenting a needed tool for dentists to allow a valid and safe how-to-do protocol. Pediatric dentists should keep a high level of awareness to help patients, minimize risk and prevent viral spread."}, {"pmid": 32342049, "pmcid": "PMC7183966", "title": "Pseudo acute myocardial infarction in a young COVID-19 patient.", "journal": "JACC Case Rep", "authors": ["Loghin, Catalin", "Chauhan, Siddharth", "Lawless, Sean M"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32342049", "topics": ["Case Report"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A 29 year old man tested positive for COVID-19 and developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). While mechanically ventilated, his electrocardiogram (EKG) showed inferior ST segment elevations, with normal serial cardiac troponin I and transthoracic echocardiograms. He was treated conservatively, with complete clinical recovery and resolution of his EKG abnormalities."}, {"pmid": 32272191, "pmcid": "PMC7136879", "title": "Commentary: COVID-19 and diabetes.", "journal": "Diabetes Res Clin Pract", "authors": ["Villabona, Carmen V"], "date": "2020-04-10T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32272191", "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32198178, "title": "Covid-19: experts question the evidence behind closing London Underground and city metros during the pandemic.", "journal": "BMJ", "authors": ["Coombes, Rebecca"], "date": "2020-03-22T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32198178", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32339619, "pmcid": "PMC7194839", "title": "Infection prevention partners up with psychology in a Danish Hospital successfully addressing staffs fear during the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Hosp Infect", "authors": ["Olesen, B", "Gyrup, H B", "Troelstrup, M W", "Marloth, T", "Molmer, M"], "date": "2020-04-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32339619", "countries": ["Denmark"], "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32418734, "pmcid": "PMC7167583", "title": "[French Association of Urology. COVID-19: Recommendations for functional urology].", "journal": "Prog Urol", "authors": ["Michel, F", "Gaillet, S", "Cornu, J N", "Robert, G", "Game, X", "Phe, V", "Karsenty, G"], "date": "2020-05-19T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32418734", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The management of urology patient is currently disrupted by the COVID-19 epidemic. In the field of functional urology, there are clinical situations with a high risk of complication if management is delayed and a great heterogeneity of advisable reprogramming times after cancellation. A prioritization of functional urology procedures is necessary to adapt management during the COVID-19 crisis and to better organize post-epidemic recovery. The advice of AFU scientific committees in the field of functional urology (neuro-urology, female and perineology, male LUTS) was requested and supplemented by a review of the currently available recommendations on the subject of urology and COVID-19. These opinions were combined to draw up temporary recommendations to help reorganize practices during the epidemic and prepare the post-critical phase. Most of the recommendations available on career-oriented social networks (Twitter, LinkedIn) or in literature concern cancer or general urology. Eight out of ten propose a cancellation of all functional urology procedures without distinction. But the 3 AFU committees covering the field of functional urology have identified three clinical situations in which surgical procedures that can be maintained during the COVID-19 epidemic (priority level A): conclusion of a neuromodulation test in progress (implantation or explantation), botulinum toxin A bladder injections for unbalanced neurologic bladder, cystectomy and ileal conduit for urinary fistula in perineal bedsore or refractory unbalanced neurologic bladder with acute renal failure and vesico-enteric or prostato-pubic fistulas. Management adaptation of the other pathologies are proposed, as well as the application of 3 priority levels (B, C, D) for rescheduled procedures for a better management of the post-crisis activity resumption. The joint functional urology committees indicate that there are specific clinical situations in this field that demand non-delayed care during COVID crisis. They underline the need to establish a hierarchy for the cancelled surgeries, in order to reduce the arm of long reschedule delays and to optimize post-lockdown activity resumption."}, {"pmid": 32502844, "pmcid": "PMC7244440", "title": "The evaluation of sleep disturbances for Chinese frontline medical workers under the outbreak of COVID-19.", "journal": "Sleep Med", "authors": ["Qi, Jing", "Xu, Jing", "Li, Bo-Zhi", "Huang, Jin-Sha", "Yang, Yuan", "Zhang, Zhen-Tao", "Yao, Dong-Ai", "Liu, Qun-Hui", "Jia, Min", "Gong, Dao-Kai", "Ni, Xiao-Hong", "Zhang, Qi-Mei", "Shang, Fu-Rong", "Xiong, Nian", "Zhu, Chun-Li", "Wang, Tao", "Zhang, Xi"], "date": "2020-06-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32502844", "countries": ["China", "United States", "Greece"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To evaluate sleep disturbances of Chinese frontline medical workers (FMW) under the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and make a comparison with non-FMW. The medical workers from multiple hospitals in Hubei Province, China, volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study. An online questionnaire, including Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), was used to evaluate sleep disturbances and mental status. Sleep disturbances were defined as PSQI>6 points or/and AIS>6 points. We compared the scores of PSQI, AIS, anxiety and depression VAS, as well as prevalence of sleep disturbances between FMW and non-FMW. A total of 1306 subjects (801 FMW and 505 non-FMW) were enrolled. Compared to non-FMW, FMW had significantly higher scores of PSQI (9.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.8 vs 7.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.7; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001; Cohen's d\u00a0=\u00a00.47), AIS (6.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04.3 vs 5.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.8; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001; Cohen's d\u00a0=\u00a00.38), anxiety (4.9\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.7 vs 4.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.6; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001; Cohen's d\u00a0=\u00a00.22) and depression (4.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.5 vs 3.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.4; P\u00a0=\u00a00.001; Cohen's d\u00a0=\u00a00.21), as well as higher prevalence of sleep disturbances according to PSQI\u00a0>\u00a06 points (78.4% vs 61.0%; relative risk [RR]\u00a0=\u00a01.29; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001) and AIS\u00a0>\u00a06 points (51.7% vs 35.6%; RR\u00a0=\u00a01.45; P\u00a0<\u00a00.001). FMW have higher prevalence of sleep disturbances and worse sleep quality than non-FMW. Further interventions should be administrated for FMW, aiming to maintain their healthy condition and guarantee their professional performance in the battle against COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32290839, "pmcid": "PMC7154566", "title": "Why tocilizumab could be an effective treatment for severe COVID-19?", "journal": "J Transl Med", "authors": ["Fu, Binqing", "Xu, Xiaoling", "Wei, Haiming"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32290839", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "A severe pneumonia-associated respiratory syndrome caused by a new coronavirus was identified in December 2019 (COVID-19), spread rapidly and has become a world-wide public health challenge. About 25% of COVID-19 patients experienced severe complications including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and even progressed into an intensive care unit (ICU) admission and died. The exploration for the mortality causes and advancing novel therapeutic development of severe COVID-19 is crucial at the moment. The biopsy samples analysis at autopsy suggested that increased alveolar exudate caused by aberrant host immune response and inflammatory cytokine storm probably impedes alveolar gas exchange and contributes to the high mortality of severe COVID-19 patients. Our research has identified that pathogenic T cells and inflammatory monocytes incite inflammatory storm with large amount of interleukin 6, therefore monoclonal antibody that targets the IL-6 pathways may potentially curb inflammatory storm. Moreover, Tocilizumab treatment that blocking IL-6 receptors showed inspiring\u00a0clinical results including temperature returned to normal quickly and respiratory function improved. Therefore, we suggest that Tocilizumab is an effective treatment in severe patients of COVID-19 to calm\u00a0the inflammatory storm and reduce\u00a0mortality."}, {"pmid": 32285293, "pmcid": "PMC7152693", "title": "Searching therapeutic strategy of new coronavirus pneumonia from angiotensin-converting enzyme 2: the target of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV.", "journal": "Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis", "authors": ["Li, Shu-Ren", "Tang, Zi-Jian", "Li, Zai-Han", "Liu, Xuan"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32285293", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment", "Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since December 2019, the infection of the new coronavirus (COVID-19) caused an outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China, and caused great public concern. Both COVID-19 and SARS-CoV belong to the coronavirus family and both invade target cells through ACE2. An in-depth understanding of ACE2 and a series of physiological and physiological changes caused by the virus invading the human body may help to discover and explain the corresponding clinical phenomena and then deal with them timely. In addition, ACE2 is a potential therapeutic target. This article will summarize the role of ACE2 in multiple organ damage caused by COVID-19 and SARS-CoV, targeted blocking drugs against ACE2, and drugs that inhibit inflammation in order to provide the basis for subsequent related research, diagnosis and treatment, and drug development."}, {"pmid": 32365703, "title": "Estimation of the Excess COVID-19 Cases in Seoul, South Korea by the Students Arriving from China.", "journal": "Int J Environ Res Public Health", "authors": ["Ryu, Sukhyun", "Ali, Sheikh Taslim", "Lim, Jun-Sik", "Chun, Byung Chul"], "date": "2020-05-06T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32365703", "countries": ["China", "Korea, Republic of"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Epidemic Forecasting"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Background: In March 2020, overall, 37,000 international students from China, a country at risk of the 2019-novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection has arrived in Seoul, South Korea. Individuals from the country at risk of COVID-19 infection have been included in the Korean home-quarantine program, but the efficacy of the program is uncertain. Methods: To estimate the possible number of infected individuals within the large influx of international students from China, we used a deterministic compartmental model for epidemic and performed a simulation-based search of different rates of compliance with home-quarantine. Results: Under the home-quarantine program, the number of the infected individuals would reach 40-72 from 12 March-24 March with the arrival of 0.2% of pre-infectious individuals. Furthermore, the number of isolated individuals would peak at 40-64 from 13 March-27 March in Seoul, South Korea. Our findings indicated when incoming international students showed strict compliance with quarantine, epidemics by the international student from China were less likely to occur in Seoul, South Korea. Conclusions: To mitigate possible epidemics, additional efforts to improve the compliance of home-quarantine of the individuals from countries with the virus risk are warranted along with other containment policies."}, {"pmid": 32298251, "title": "Hospitalization Rates and Characteristics of Patients Hospitalized with Laboratory-Confirmed Coronavirus Disease 2019 - COVID-NET, 14 States, March 1-30, 2020.", "journal": "MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep", "authors": ["Garg, Shikha", "Kim, Lindsay", "Whitaker, Michael", "O'Halloran, Alissa", "Cummings, Charisse", "Holstein, Rachel", "Prill, Mila", "Chai, Shua J", "Kirley, Pam D", "Alden, Nisha B", "Kawasaki, Breanna", "Yousey-Hindes, Kimberly", "Niccolai, Linda", "Anderson, Evan J", "Openo, Kyle P", "Weigel, Andrew", "Monroe, Maya L", "Ryan, Patricia", "Henderson, Justin", "Kim, Sue", "Como-Sabetti, Kathy", "Lynfield, Ruth", "Sosin, Daniel", "Torres, Salina", "Muse, Alison", "Bennett, Nancy M", "Billing, Laurie", "Sutton, Melissa", "West, Nicole", "Schaffner, William", "Talbot, H Keipp", "Aquino, Clarissa", "George, Andrea", "Budd, Alicia", "Brammer, Lynnette", "Langley, Gayle", "Hall, Aron J", "Fry, Alicia"], "date": "2020-04-17T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32298251", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), was first detected in December 2019 (1), approximately 1.3 million cases have been reported worldwide (2), including approximately 330,000 in the United States (3). To conduct population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed COVID-19-associated hospitalizations in the United States, the COVID-19-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) was created using the existing infrastructure of the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (FluSurv-NET) (4) and the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalization Surveillance Network (RSV-NET). This report presents age-stratified COVID-19-associated hospitalization rates for patients admitted during March 1-28, 2020, and clinical data on patients admitted during March 1-30, 2020, the first month of U.S. surveillance. Among 1,482 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, 74.5% were aged \u226550 years, and 54.4% were male. The hospitalization rate among patients identified through COVID-NET during this 4-week period was 4.6 per 100,000 population. Rates were highest (13.8) among adults aged \u226565 years. Among 178 (12%) adult patients with data on underlying conditions as of March 30, 2020, 89.3% had one or more underlying conditions; the most common were hypertension (49.7%), obesity (48.3%), chronic lung disease (34.6%), diabetes mellitus (28.3%), and cardiovascular disease (27.8%). These findings suggest that older adults have elevated rates of COVID-19-associated hospitalization and the majority of persons hospitalized with COVID-19 have underlying medical conditions. These findings underscore the importance of preventive measures (e.g., social distancing, respiratory hygiene, and wearing face coverings in public settings where social distancing measures are difficult to maintain)\u2020 to protect older adults and persons with underlying medical conditions, as well as the general public. In addition, older adults and persons with serious underlying medical conditions should avoid contact with persons who are ill and immediately contact their health care provider(s) if they have symptoms consistent with COVID-19 (https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html) (5). Ongoing monitoring of hospitalization rates, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of hospitalized patients will be important to better understand the evolving epidemiology of COVID-19 in the United States and the clinical spectrum of disease, and to help guide planning and prioritization of health care system resources."}, {"pmid": 32534369, "title": "Hydroxychloroquine/ chloroquine as a treatment choice or prophylaxis for Covid-19 at the primary care level in developing countries: A Primum non Nocere dilemma.", "journal": "J Neurol Sci", "authors": ["Chevalier, Marco T Medina", "Moncada, Sir Salvador"], "date": "2020-06-14T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32534369", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warned against the use of Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine for Covid-19 outside of a hospital or a clinical trial setting due to the risk of QT interval prolongation, ventricular tachycardia and the increased risk of these complications when combined with some antibiotics such as azithromycin. Several studies have reported no benefit of Hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine, when used alone or with a macrolide in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Despite these warnings, in several developing countries the official guidelines for treatment of Covid-19 patients at the primary care level recommend Hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, among other treatments, as the first-choice for mild symptomatic Covid-19 patients, asymptomatic contacts or for prophylaxis. In our opinion there is a primum non nocere dilemma during this Covid-19 pandemic. In order to solve this bioethical problem, we strongly recommend that a randomized controlled trial in a primary care setting be carried out as a matter of urgency in these areas of the world."}, {"pmid": 32417310, "pmcid": "PMC7228736", "title": "Characterization of eight novel full-length genomes of SARS-CoV-2 among imported COVID-19 cases from abroad in Yunnan, China.", "journal": "J Infect", "authors": ["Jia, Yuanyuan", "Yang, Cuixian", "Zhang, Mi", "Yang, Xianyao", "Li, Jianjian", "Liu, Jiafa", "Liu, Ying", "Yang, XinPing", "Feng, Yue", "Dong, Xingqi", "Xia, Xueshan"], "date": "2020-05-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32417310", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Mechanism"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32307593, "pmcid": "PMC7167303", "title": "Therapeutic strategies for critically ill patients with COVID-19.", "journal": "Ann Intensive Care", "authors": ["Li, Lei", "Li, Ranran", "Wu, Zhixiong", "Yang, Xianghong", "Zhao, Mingyan", "Liu, Jiao", "Chen, Dechang"], "date": "2020-04-21T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32307593", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak originated from Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, at the end of 2019, it has become a clinical threat to the general population worldwide. Among people infected with the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), the intensive management of the critically ill patients in intensive care unit (ICU) needs substantial medical resource. In the present article, we have summarized the promising drugs, adjunctive agents, respiratory supportive strategies, as well as circulation management, multiple organ function monitoring and appropriate nutritional strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 in the ICU based on the previous experience of treating other viral infections and influenza. These treatments are referable before the vaccine and specific drugs are available for COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32527341, "title": "[Analysis of the clinical characteristics and early warning model construction of severe/critical coronavirus disease 2019 patients].", "journal": "Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue", "authors": ["Xu, Jing", "Zhao, Fengde", "Han, Mingfeng", "Ma, Lei", "Zhang, Ting"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32527341", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "To analyze the clinical characteristics of critical patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), build an early warning model for severe/critical type, and aim at providing reference for the prediction of severe/critical COVID-19. The clinical data of COVID-19 patients treated in the Second People' Hospital of Fuyang City from January 20th to February 18th in 2020 were retrospective analyzed, including the demographic and epidemiological date, vital signs and hematology indexes, etc. on admission. Patients were divided into the normal type (set as normal group) and severe/critical type (set as severe group) according to the COVID-19 treatment plan classification standard published by National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China. The differences between two groups were compared, and the variables with statistical significance were incorporated in the multivariate binary unconditional Logistic regression analysis to screen the risk factors of severe/critical type. Risk factors were summarized to establish an early warning model, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was carried out to evaluate the significance of the early warning model in the screening of critically COVID-19. A total of 155 patients with COVID-19 were admitted, including 125 patients of normal type and 30 patients of severe/critical type. (1) Compared with normal group, patients in severe group were older, and with higher proportion of basic diseases, higher body mass index (BMI), higher incidence of tachypnea, persistent high fever, peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) < 0.95, while the white blood cell count (WBC), CD4+T lymphocyte, CD8+T lymphocyte, lymphocyte count (LYM) were decreased obviously, the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid a protein (SAA), and CT showed higher incidence of multi-pulmonary lobe lesions. There were no significant differences of gender, travel history from Wuhan, smoking history, shock index (SI) and CD4+/CD8+ ratio between the two groups. (2) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age \u2265 60 years old [odds ratio (OR) = 1.620, P = 0.031], combined with underlying diseases (OR = 1.521, P = 0.044), persistent high fever (OR = 2.469, P = 0.014), WBC < 2.0\u00d7109/L and/or LYM < 0.4\u00d7109/L (OR = 3.079, P = 0.006), pulmonary multilobar lesions (OR = 1.367, P = 0.047), and IL-6 \u2265 30 ng/L (OR = 2.426, P = 0.010) were the risk factors of severe/critical COVID-19. (3) The OR value corresponding to each risk factors were scored by rounding. Two points were scored for age \u2265 60 years old, with underlying diseases, persistent high fever and IL-6 \u2265 30 ng/L, 3 points for WBC < 2.0\u00d7109/L and/or LYM < 0.4\u00d7109/L, 1 point for pulmonary multilobar lesions, and totally calculated as early warning model scores. The early warning model score of the severe group was significantly higher than that of the normal group (9.33\u00b12.79 vs. 5.04\u00b12.38, t = 9.010, P = 0.001). (4) The ROC curve analysis showed the area under ROC curve (AUC) of early warning model on the early screening of severe/critical patients in COVID-19 was 0.944, and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.903-0.985; and the sensitivity and specificity were 93.3% and 72.0% respectively while the cut-off was 6.5. There are many differences between severe/critical and mild COVID-19 patients. The establishment of early warning model could help to screen severe/critical patients at an early stage, with certain significance for guiding treatment."}, {"pmid": 32243945, "pmcid": "PMC7195335", "title": "Treatment With Convalescent Plasma for Critically Ill Patients With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.", "journal": "Chest", "authors": ["Zhang, Bin", "Liu, Shuyi", "Tan, Tan", "Huang, Wenhui", "Dong, Yuhao", "Chen, Luyan", "Chen, Qiuying", "Zhang, Lu", "Zhong, Qingyang", "Zhang, Xiaoping", "Zou, Yujian", "Zhang, Shuixing"], "date": "2020-04-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32243945", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "As of March 24, 2020, novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for 379,661 infection cases with 16,428 deaths globally, and the number is still increasing rapidly. Herein, we present four critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection who received supportive care and convalescent plasma. Although all four patients (including a pregnant woman) recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection eventually, randomized trials are needed to eliminate the effect of other treatments and investigate the safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy."}, {"pmid": 32383234, "pmcid": "PMC7267263", "title": "Cutaneous manifestations of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A brief review.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Tang, Keyun", "Wang, Yuanzhuo", "Zhang, Hanlin", "Zheng, Qingyue", "Fang, Rouyu", "Sun, Qiuning"], "date": "2020-05-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32383234", "countries": ["China"], "topics": ["Diagnosis", "Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19, first appeared in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has been spreading quickly throughout the world. We reviewed the evidence on cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 based on PubMed database. The searching strategy was (COVID* or coronavirus*) and (dermatol* or skin* or cutaneous*). The publication time was limited to 2019 onward. After independent review by two authors, 14 studies with 228 confirmed cases were included in the analysis. A total of 60 patients developed skin rashes, and the age ranged from 8 to 84. Exanthematous eruptions potentially related to COVID-19 infection were highly variable and heterogeneous. Skin lesions mainly appeared erythematous, urticarial, and vesicular (chicken pox-like or varicelliform). Petechiae rash, livedo reticularis, and reactivation of oral HSV-1 were also observed in single cases. Newly reported eruptions like vascular lesions and peculiar (perniosis-like) skin lesions caused concern among dermatologists. Exanthems were widely distributed and were primarily located on the trunk. Associated symptoms, latency time, treatment, and prognosis were also carefully summarized. This study reviewed the recently published COVID-19 studies with skin manifestations, which may pave the way for further research."}, {"pmid": 32510340, "title": "Diagnostic methods and potential portable biosensors for coronavirus disease 2019.", "journal": "Biosens Bioelectron", "authors": ["Cui, Feiyun", "Zhou, H Susan"], "date": "2020-06-09T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32510340", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Timely detection and diagnosis are urgently needed to guide epidemiological measures, infection control, antiviral treatment, and vaccine research. In this review, biomarkers/indicators for diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the environment are summarized and discussed. It is concluded that the detection methods targeting antibodies are not suitable for screening of early and asymptomatic cases since most patients had an antibody response at about 10 days after onset of symptoms. However, antibody detection methods can be combined with quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to significantly improve the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis, and boost vaccine research. Fast, sensitive and accurate detection methods targeting antigens need to be developed urgently. Various specimens for diagnosis or detection are compared and analyzed. Among them, deep throat saliva and induced sputum are desired for RT-qPCR test or other early detection technologies. Chest computerized tomography (CT) scan, RT-qPCR, lateral flow immunochromatographic strip (LFICS) for diagnosis of COVID-19 are summarized and compared. Specially, potential electrochemical (EC) biosensor, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based biosensor, field-effect transistor (FET)-based biosensor, surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based biosensor and artificial intelligence (AI) assisted diagnosis of COVID-19 are emphasized. Finally, some commercialized portable detection device, current challenges and future directions are discussed."}, {"pmid": 32460340, "title": "Radiology of COVID-19 Pneumonia - Pictorial Essay and Structured Reporting.", "journal": "Rofo", "authors": ["Schaible, Jan", "Meiler, Stefanie", "Poschenrieder, Florian", "Scharf, Gregor", "Maintz, David", "Pregler, Benedikt", "Stroszczynski, Christian", "Hamer, Okka Wilkea"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460340", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32530453, "title": "Factors Associated With Surgical Mortality and Complications Among Patients With and Without Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy.", "journal": "JAMA Surg", "authors": ["Doglietto, Francesco", "Vezzoli, Marika", "Gheza, Federico", "Lussardi, Gian Luca", "Domenicucci, Marco", "Vecchiarelli, Luca", "Zanin, Luca", "Saraceno, Giorgio", "Signorini, Liana", "Panciani, Pier Paolo", "Castelli, Francesco", "Maroldi, Roberto", "Rasulo, Francesco Antonio", "Benvenuti, Mauro Roberto", "Portolani, Nazario", "Bonardelli, Stefano", "Milano, Giuseppe", "Casiraghi, Alessandro", "Calza, Stefano", "Fontanella, Marco Maria"], "date": "2020-06-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32530453", "countries": ["Italy"], "topics": ["Prevention", "Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "There are limited data on mortality and complications rates in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who undergo surgery. To evaluate early surgical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 in different subspecialties. This matched cohort study conducted in the general, vascular and thoracic surgery, orthopedic, and neurosurgery units of Spedali Civili Hospital (Brescia, Italy) included patients who underwent surgical treatment from February 23 to April 1, 2020, and had positive test results for COVID-19 either before or within 1 week after surgery. Gynecological and minor surgical procedures were excluded. Patients with COVID-19 were matched with patients without COVID-19 with a 1:2 ratio for sex, age group, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, and comorbidities recorded in the surgical risk calculator of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. Patients older than 65 years were also matched for the Clinical Frailty Scale score. Patients with positive results for COVID-19 and undergoing surgery vs matched surgical patients without infection. Screening for COVID-19 was performed with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay in nasopharyngeal swabs, chest radiography, and/or computed tomography. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on positivity of at least 1 of these investigations. The primary end point was early surgical mortality and complications in patients with COVID-19; secondary end points were the modeling of complications to determine the importance of COVID-19 compared with other surgical risk factors. Of 41 patients (of 333 who underwent operation during the same period) who underwent mainly urgent surgery, 33 (80.5%) had positive results for COVID-19 preoperatively and 8 (19.5%) had positive results within 5 days from surgery. Of the 123 patients of the combined cohorts (78 women [63.4%]; mean [SD] age, 76.6 [14.4] years), 30-day mortality was significantly higher for those with COVID-19 compared with control patients without COVID-19 (odds ratio [OR], 9.5; 95% CI, 1.77-96.53). Complications were also significantly higher (OR, 4.98; 95% CI, 1.81-16.07); pulmonary complications were the most common (OR, 35.62; 95% CI, 9.34-205.55), but thrombotic complications were also significantly associated with COVID-19 (OR, 13.2; 95% CI, 1.48-\u221e). Different models (cumulative link model and classification tree) identified COVID-19 as the main variable associated with complications. In this matched cohort study, surgical mortality and complications were higher in patients with COVID-19 compared with patients without COVID-19. These data suggest that, whenever possible, surgery should be postponed in patients with COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32302419, "pmcid": "PMC7264496", "title": "Phototherapeutic approach to dermatological patients during the 2019 Coronavirus pandemic: Real-life Data from the Italian Red Zone.", "journal": "Br J Dermatol", "authors": ["Pacifico, A", "Ardigo, M", "Frascione, P", "Damiani, G", "Morrone, A"], "date": "2020-04-18T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32302419", "countries": ["China", "Italy"], "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Since the novel Coronavirus 2019, also known as COVID-19 or SARS CoV-2, crossed the Chinese borders and became pandemic, Italy has rapidly become the country with the highest number of patient deaths as well as confirmed and/or hospitalized patients, after China [1-2]. On March 12th Italy was declared a red-zone and special protocols were enacted to limit the spread of the virus. Although COVID-19 does not have epidermotropism, cutaneous manifestations in Cov-19 positive patients have been reported [3] and departments of dermatology are considered at high risk [4] and were ordered to admit only patients needing urgent treatments or undergoing chronic immunosuppressive therapy in order to minimize nosocomial virus spread."}, {"pmid": 32160739, "title": "[Prone ventilation for novel coronavirus pneumonia: no time to delay].", "journal": "Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi", "authors": ["Pan, C", "Zhang, W", "Du, B", "Qiu, H B", "Huang, Y Z"], "date": "2020-03-13T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32160739", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32460390, "title": "Covid-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: A single center experience.", "journal": "Transpl Int", "authors": ["Hoek, Rogier A S", "Manintveld, Olivier C", "Betjes, Michiel G H", "Hellemons, Merel E", "Seghers, Leonard", "van Kampen, Jeroen A A", "Caliskan, Kadir", "van de Wetering, Jacqueline", "van den Hoogen, Martijn", "Metselaar, Herold J", "Hesselink, Dennis A"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32460390", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients may be at risk for severe COVID-19. Data on the clinical course of COVID-19 in immunosuppressed patients are limited and the effective treatment strategy for these patients is unknown. We describe our institutional experience with COVID-19 in SOT. Demographic, clinical and treatment data were extracted from the electronic patient files. A total of 23 SOT transplant recipients suffering from COVID-19 were identified (n = 3 heart; n =15 kidney; n = 1 kidney-after-heart; n = 3 lung and n = 1 liver transplant recipient). The presenting symptoms were similar to non-immunocompromised patients Eighty-three percent (19/23) of the patients required hospitalization but only two of these were transferred to the intensive care unit. Five patients died from COVID-19; all had high Clinical Frailty scores. In four of these patients, mechanical ventilation was deemed futile. In 57% of patients, the immunosuppressive therapy was not changed and only 3 patients were treated with chloroquine. Most patients recovered without experimental anti-viral therapy. Modification of the immunosuppressive regimen alone could be a therapeutic option for SOT recipients suffering from moderate to severe COVID-19. Pre-existent frailty is associated with death from COVID-19."}, {"pmid": 32334884, "pmcid": "PMC7158826", "title": "Traditional and Virtual Congress Meetings During the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Post-COVID-19 Era: Is it Time to Change the Paradigm?", "journal": "Eur Urol", "authors": ["Porpiglia, Francesco", "Checcucci, Enrico", "Autorino, Riccardo", "Amparore, Daniele", "Cooperberg, Matthew R", "Ficarra, Vincenzo", "Novara, Giacomo"], "date": "2020-04-27T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32334884", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The speed and reach of the COVID-19 pandemic have forced rapid changes in how we conduct medical practice and research. The rapid evolution in how scientific meetings are conducted may have long-term benefits. A new reality in which technology and sociality are merged may offer a more engaging and adaptable scientific congress experience with more flexible and dynamic use of content modulated to the needs of each attendee."}, {"pmid": 32291098, "pmcid": "PMC7151491", "title": "Assessing Viral Shedding and Infectivity of Tears in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients.", "journal": "Ophthalmology", "authors": ["Seah, Ivan Yu Jun", "Anderson, Danielle E", "Kang, Adrian Eng Zheng", "Wang, Linfa", "Rao, Pooja", "Young, Barnaby Edward", "Lye, David Chien", "Agrawal, Rupesh"], "date": "2020-04-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32291098", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32484123, "title": "Could COVID-19 improve psychiatric awareness at the heart of the Middle East? - A personal reflection on Bahrain's response.", "journal": "Ir J Psychol Med", "authors": ["Maher Negm, H"], "date": "2020-06-03T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32484123", "countries": ["Bahrain"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "This perspective offers a personal insight into COVID-19 in Bahrain along with the response to this unprecented pandemic. In a country where a robust health care system and economic prosperity have allowed it to cope with the medical sequelae, the mental health consequences may have been less anticipated but more problematic. An unforeseen positive emerging from the pandemic might be the nation's recognition of the importance of mental health wellbeing and a new openness to discussing it."}, {"pmid": 32461405, "title": "COVID-19 crisis and residency education: A moment to seize the opportunity and create a new road map!", "journal": "Indian J Ophthalmol", "authors": ["Grover, Ashok Kumar"], "date": "2020-05-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32461405", "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32330897, "pmcid": "PMC7179966", "title": "Editorial. Lessons learned: special precautions for performing emergency cerebrovascular procedures amid the COVID-19 pandemic.", "journal": "J Neurosurg", "authors": ["Tong, Xiaoguang", "Yang, Yuanfan"], "date": "2020-04-25T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32330897", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32412790, "title": "Diagnostic Tools for Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Comparing CT and RT-PCR Viral Nucleic Acid Testing.", "journal": "AJR Am J Roentgenol", "authors": ["Waller, Joseph V", "Kaur, Parveer", "Tucker, Amy", "Lin, Keldon K", "Diaz, Michael J", "Henry, Travis S", "Hope, Michael"], "date": "2020-05-16T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32412790", "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "OBJECTIVE. Multiple studies suggest CT should be a primary diagnostic tool for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) because they reported sensitivities with CT far superior to that of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. This review aimed to assess these reports and found chest CT to have a clinical utility that is limited, particularly for patients who show no symptoms and patients who are screened early in disease progression. CONCLUSION. CT has limited sensitivity for COVID-19 and a lower specificity than RT-PCR testing, and it carries a risk of exposing providers to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Chest CT should be considered a supplemental diagnostic tool, particularly for patients who show symptoms."}, {"pmid": 32287785, "pmcid": "PMC7131521", "title": "Best we be prepared.", "journal": "New Sci", "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32287785", "topics": ["General Info"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Fast action will help the world contain the new coronavirus."}, {"pmid": 32445512, "title": "Morbid Obesity as an Independent Risk Factor for COVID-19 Mortality in Hospitalized Patients Younger than 50.", "journal": "Obesity (Silver Spring)", "authors": ["Klang, Eyal", "Kassim, Gassan", "Soffer, Shelly", "Freeman, Robert", "Levin, Matthew A", "Reich, David L"], "date": "2020-05-24T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32445512", "countries": ["United States"], "topics": ["Diagnosis"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "COVID-19 continues to spread and younger patients are also being critically affected. This study analyzed obesity as an independent risk factor for mortality in hospitalized patients younger than fifty. We retrospectively analyzed data of COVID-19 patients hospitalized to a large academic hospital system in New York City between March 1st and May 17th, 2020. Data included demographics, comorbidities, BMI and smoking status. Obesity groups included: BMI 30-40 kg/m2 and BMI \u2265 40 kg/m2 . Multivariable logistic regression models identified variables independently associated with mortality in patients younger and older than 50. Overall, 3,406 patients were included. 572 (17.0%) of the patients were younger than 50. In the younger age group, 60 (10.5%) patients died. In the older age group, 1,076 (38.0%) patients died. For the younger population, BMI above 40 kg/m2 was independently associated with mortality (aOR 5.1, 95% CI 2.3-11.1). For the older population, BMI above 40 kg/m2 was also independently associated with mortality to a lesser extent (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2 - 2.3). Our study demonstrates that hospitalized patients younger than 50 with morbid obesity are more likely to die from COVID-19. This is particularly relevant in the western world where obesity rates are high."}, {"pmid": 32361759, "pmcid": "PMC7197529", "title": "SARS, MERS and COVID-19-new threats; old lessons.", "journal": "Int J Epidemiol", "authors": ["Gilbert, Gwendolyn L"], "date": "2020-05-04T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32361759", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": ""}, {"pmid": 32343342, "pmcid": "PMC7197583", "title": "The COVID-19 Global Pandemic: Implications for People With Schizophrenia and Related Disorders.", "journal": "Schizophr Bull", "authors": ["Kozloff, Nicole", "Mulsant, Benoit H", "Stergiopoulos, Vicky", "Voineskos, Aristotle N"], "date": "2020-04-29T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32343342", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) global pandemic has already had an unprecedented impact on populations around the world, and is anticipated to have a disproportionate burden on people with schizophrenia and related disorders. We discuss the implications of the COVID-19 global pandemic with respect to: (1) increased risk of infection and poor outcomes among people with schizophrenia, (2) anticipated adverse mental health consequences for people with schizophrenia, (3) considerations for mental health service delivery in inpatient and outpatient settings, and (4) potential impact on clinical research in schizophrenia. Recommendations emphasize rapid implementation of measures to both decrease the risk of COVID-19 transmission and maintain continuity of clinical care and research to preserve safety of both people with schizophrenia and the public."}, {"pmid": 32458530, "title": "Immunosuppressive and immunomodulator therapy for rare or uncommon skin disorders in pandemic days.", "journal": "Dermatol Ther", "authors": ["Karadag, Ayse Serap", "Aslan Kayiran, Melek", "Lotti, Torello", "Wollina, Uwe"], "date": "2020-05-28T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32458530", "topics": ["Treatment"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies are important in dermatology, but indications are influenced by SARS-CoV-2. We will focus on are skin disorders such as autoimmune connective tissue disorders, neutrophilic dermatoses and vasculitis. Immunomodulators such as colchicine and antimalarials can easily be preferred taking their beneficial effects on Covid-19 into consideration and also given their wide spectrum of action. Among the conventional therapies, methotrexate, azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil increase the risk of infection, and thus their use is recommended only when necessary and at low doses. On the other hand, use of cyclosporine is also not recommended as it increases the risk of hypertension, which is susceptible to Covid-19. Anti-TNF agents from among the biological therapies appear to be slightly risky in terms of susceptibility to infection. However, there are ongoing studies which suggest that some biological treatments may reduce cytokine storm impeding the Covid-19 progression as a result, in spite of their susceptibilities to Covid-19. Patients, who will be started on immunosuppressive therapy, should be tested for Covid-19 prior to the therapy, and in the event that Covid-19 is suspected, the therapy should be discontinued. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved."}, {"pmid": 32289868, "title": "Emergency Colorectal Surgery in a COVID-19 Pandemic Epicenter.", "journal": "Surg Technol Int", "authors": ["Angelos, George", "Dockter, Andrew Grayson", "Gachabayov, Mahir", "Latifi, Rifat", "Bergamaschi, Roberto"], "date": "2020-04-15T11:00:00Z", "_id": "32289868", "topics": ["Prevention"], "text_hl": null, "abstract": "Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a considerable risk during emergency colorectal surgery in a pandemic epicenter. It is well known that the primary route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is through respiratory droplets. However, little is known about shedding of the virus in bodily fluids and associated risks. Although the current moratorium on elective surgery addresses multiple ongoing concerns, including the management of precious resources as well as unknown exposure risks, surgeons undeniably must face and mitigate risks related to exposure to patient airway management-related aerosols, bodily fluids, surgical smoke, contaminated insufflation, and specimen handling in emergency colorectal surgery. Given the significant concern of airborne transmission, the authors recommend conventional, in lieu of laparoscopic, access in emergency colorectal surgery in a COVID-19 pandemic epicenter."}]